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Kamei M, Matsuo K, Yoshida Y, Shimada K, Otsuki M, Fujimoto N, Ishibashi M, Quan YS, Kamiyama F, Hara Y, Takamura S, Nakayama T. Intratumoral delivery of a highly active form of XCL1 enhances antitumor CTL responses through recruitment of CXCL9-expressing conventional type-1 dendritic cells. Int J Cancer 2024; 154:2176-2188. [PMID: 38346928 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Conventional type 1 dendritic cells (cDC1s) play a crucial role in antitumor immunity through the induction and activation of tumor-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T cells (CTLs). The chemokine XCL1 is a major chemotactic factor for cDC1s and its receptor XCR1 is selectively expressed on cDC1s. Here, we investigated the effect of intratumoral delivery of a highly active form of murine XCL1 (mXCL1-V21C/A59C) on cDC1-mediated antitumor immunity using a hydrophilic gel patch. The hydrophilic gel patch containing mXCL1-V21C/A59C increased cDC1 accumulation in the tumor masses and promoted their migration to the regional lymph nodes, resulting in enhanced induction of tumor-specific CTLs. Tumor-infiltrating cDC1s not only expressed XCR1 but also produced CXCL9, a ligand for CXCR3 which is highly expressed on CTLs and NK cells. Consequently, CTLs and NK cells were increased in the tumor masses of mice treated with mXCL1-V21C/A59C, while immunosuppressive cells such as monocyte-derived suppressive cells and regulatory T cells were decreased. We also confirmed that anti-CXCL9 treatment decreased the tumor infiltration of CTLs. The intratumoral delivery of mXCL1-V21C/A59C significantly decreased tumor growth and prolonged survival in E.G7-OVA and B16-F10 tumor-bearing mice. Furthermore, the antitumor effect of mXCL1-V21CA59C was enhanced in combination with anti-programmed cell death protein 1 treatment. Finally, using The Cancer Genome Atlas database, we found that XCL1 expression was positively correlated with tumor-infiltrating cDC1s and a better prognosis in melanoma patients. Collectively, our findings provide a novel therapeutic approach to enhance tumor-specific CTL responses through the selective recruitment of CXCL9-expressing cDC1s into the tumor masses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momo Kamei
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Division of Chemotherapy, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Matsuo
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Division of Chemotherapy, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yoshida
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Division of Chemotherapy, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kaho Shimada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Division of Chemotherapy, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mayuko Otsuki
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Division of Chemotherapy, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nao Fujimoto
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Division of Chemotherapy, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Miho Ishibashi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Division of Chemotherapy, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | - Yuta Hara
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Division of Chemotherapy, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shiki Takamura
- Laboratory for Immunological Memory, Research Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), RIKEN Yokohama Institute, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakayama
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Division of Chemotherapy, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
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Reschke R, Enk AH, Hassel JC. Chemokines and Cytokines in Immunotherapy of Melanoma and Other Tumors: From Biomarkers to Therapeutic Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6532. [PMID: 38928238 PMCID: PMC11203481 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemokines and cytokines represent an emerging field of immunotherapy research. They are responsible for the crosstalk and chemoattraction of immune cells and tumor cells. For instance, CXCL9/10/11 chemoattract effector CD8+ T cells to the tumor microenvironment, making an argument for their promising role as biomarkers for a favorable outcome. The cytokine Interleukin-15 (IL-15) can promote the chemokine expression of CXCR3 ligands but also XCL1, contributing to an important DC-T cell interaction. Recruited cytotoxic T cells can be clonally expanded by IL-2. Delivering or inducing these chemokines and cytokines can result in tumor shrinkage and might synergize with immune checkpoint inhibition. In addition, blocking specific chemokine and cytokine receptors such as CCR2, CCR4 or Il-6R can reduce the recruitment of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) or regulatory T cells (Tregs). Efforts to target these chemokines and cytokines have the potential to personalize cancer immunotherapy further and address patients that are not yet responsive because of immune cell exclusion. Targeting cytokines such as IL-6 and IL-15 is currently being evaluated in clinical trials in combination with immune checkpoint-blocking antibodies for the treatment of metastatic melanoma. The improved overall survival of melanoma patients might outweigh potential risks such as autoimmunity. However, off-target toxicity needs to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Reschke
- Department of Dermatology and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), DKFZ, Core Center Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander H. Enk
- Department of Dermatology and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jessica C. Hassel
- Department of Dermatology and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), DKFZ, Core Center Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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3
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Liang R, Li P, Yang N, Xiao X, Gong J, Zhang X, Bai Y, Chen Y, Xie Z, Liao Q. Parabacteroides distasonis-Derived Outer Membrane Vesicles Enhance Antitumor Immunity Against Colon Tumors by Modulating CXCL10 and CD8 + T Cells. Drug Des Devel Ther 2024; 18:1833-1853. [PMID: 38828018 PMCID: PMC11144014 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s457338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Given the potent immunostimulatory effects of bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) and the significant anti-colon tumor properties of Parabacteroides distasonis (Pd), this study aimed to elucidate the role and potential mechanisms of Pd-derived OMVs (Pd-OMVs) against colon cancer. Methods This study isolated and purified Pd-OMVs from Pd cultures and assessed their characteristics. The effects of Pd-OMVs on CT26 cell uptake, proliferation, and invasion were investigated in vitro. In vivo, a CT26 colon tumor model was used to investigate the anti-colon tumor effects and underlying mechanisms of Pd-OMVs. Finally, we evaluated the biosafety of Pd-OMVs. Results Purified Pd-OMVs had a uniform cup-shaped structure with an average size of 165.5 nm and a zeta potential of approximately -9.56 mV, and their proteins were associated with pathways related to immunity and apoptosis. In vitro experiments demonstrated that CT26 cells internalized the Pd-OMVs, resulting in a significant decrease in their proliferation and invasion abilities. Further in vivo studies confirmed the accumulation of Pd-OMVs in tumor tissues, which significantly inhibited the growth of colon tumors. Mechanistically, Pd-OMVs increased the expression of CXCL10, promoting infiltration of CD8+ T cells into tumor tissues and expression of pro-inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Notably, Pd-OMVs demonstrated a high level of biosafety. Conclusion This paper elucidates that Pd-OMVs can exert significant anti-colon tumor effects by upregulating the expression of the chemokine CXCL10, thereby increasing the infiltration of CD8+ T cells into tumors and enhancing antitumor immune responses. This suggests that Pd-OMVs may be developed as a novel nanoscale potent immunostimulant with great potential for application in tumor immunotherapy. As well as developed as a novel nano-delivery carrier for combination with other antitumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongyao Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pei Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Na Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyi Xiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Gong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingyuan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunuan Bai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanlong Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiongfeng Liao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
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Zhuo SH, Wang TY, Zhao L, Su JY, Hu JJ, Zhao YF, Li YM. piSTING: A Pocket-Independent Agonist Based on Multivalency-Driven STING Oligomerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202407037. [PMID: 38767062 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202407037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
The stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway is a potent therapeutic target for innate immunity. Despite the efforts to develop pocket-dependent small-molecule STING agonists that mimic the endogenous STING ligand, cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP), most of these agonists showed disappointing results in clinical trials owing to the limitations of the STING pocket. In this study, we developed novel pocket-independent STING-activating agonists (piSTINGs), which act through multivalency-driven oligomerization to activate STING. Additionally, a piSTING-adjuvanted vaccine elicited a significant antibody response and inhibited tumour growth in therapeutic models. Moreover, a piSTING-based vaccine combination with aPD-1 showed remarkable potential to enhance the effectiveness of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) immunotherapy. In particular, piSTING can strengthen the impact of STING pathway in immunotherapy and accelerate the clinical translation of STING agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Hua Zhuo
- Department of Chemistry, Key Lab of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Tian-Yang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Lab of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Lang Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Key Lab of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Yun Su
- Department of Chemistry, Key Lab of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Jian Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Key Lab of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Fen Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Key Lab of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315221, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Mei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Key Lab of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100069, P. R. China
- Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
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Domblides C, Crampton S, Liu H, Bartleson JM, Nguyen A, Champagne C, Landy EE, Spiker L, Proffitt C, Bhattarai S, Grawe AP, Fuentealba Valenzuela M, Lartigue L, Mahouche I, Dupaul-Chicoine J, Nishimura K, Lefort F, Decraecker M, Velasco V, Netzer S, Pitard V, Roy C, Soubeyran I, Racine V, Blanco P, Déchanet-Merville J, Saleh M, Canna SW, Furman D, Faustin B. Human NLRC4 expression promotes cancer survival and associates with type I interferon signaling and immune infiltration. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e166085. [PMID: 38652550 PMCID: PMC11142746 DOI: 10.1172/jci166085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The immune system can control cancer progression. However, even though some innate immune sensors of cellular stress are expressed intrinsically in epithelial cells, their potential role in cancer aggressiveness and subsequent overall survival in humans is mainly unknown. Here, we show that nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor (NLR) family CARD domain-containing 4 (NLRC4) is downregulated in epithelial tumor cells of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) by using spatial tissue imaging. Strikingly, only the loss of tumor NLRC4, but not stromal NLRC4, was associated with poor immune infiltration (mainly DCs and CD4+ and CD8+ T cells) and accurately predicted progression to metastatic stage IV and decrease in overall survival. By combining multiomics approaches, we show that restoring NLRC4 expression in human CRC cells triggered a broad inflammasome-independent immune reprogramming consisting of type I interferon (IFN) signaling genes and the release of chemokines and myeloid growth factors involved in the tumor infiltration and activation of DCs and T cells. Consistently, such reprogramming in cancer cells was sufficient to directly induce maturation of human DCs toward a Th1 antitumor immune response through IL-12 production in vitro. In multiple human carcinomas (colorectal, lung, and skin), we confirmed that NLRC4 expression in patient tumors was strongly associated with type I IFN genes, immune infiltrates, and high microsatellite instability. Thus, we shed light on the epithelial innate immune sensor NLRC4 as a therapeutic target to promote an efficient antitumor immune response against the aggressiveness of various carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Domblides
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- ImmunoConcEpt, CNRS UMR 5164, INSERM ERL 1303, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Steven Crampton
- Discovery Immunology, Johnson & Johnson Innovative Medicine, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Hong Liu
- GI and Immune-Oncology DDUs, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, California, and Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Annie Nguyen
- Discovery Immunology, Johnson & Johnson Innovative Medicine, San Diego, California, USA
| | | | - Emily E. Landy
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lindsey Spiker
- Department of Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Christopher Proffitt
- GI and Immune-Oncology DDUs, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, California, and Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sunil Bhattarai
- Discovery Immunology, Johnson & Johnson Innovative Medicine, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Anissa P. Grawe
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Kazuho Nishimura
- GI and Immune-Oncology DDUs, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, California, and Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Félix Lefort
- ImmunoConcEpt, CNRS UMR 5164, INSERM ERL 1303, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marie Decraecker
- ImmunoConcEpt, CNRS UMR 5164, INSERM ERL 1303, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
| | - Valérie Velasco
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Biopathology, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sonia Netzer
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- ImmunoConcEpt, CNRS UMR 5164, INSERM ERL 1303, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
| | - Vincent Pitard
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- ImmunoConcEpt, CNRS UMR 5164, INSERM ERL 1303, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
| | - Christian Roy
- GI and Immune-Oncology DDUs, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, California, and Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Isabelle Soubeyran
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Biopathology, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France
| | - Victor Racine
- QuantaCell, Hôpital Saint Eloi, IRMB, Montpellier, France
| | - Patrick Blanco
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- ImmunoConcEpt, CNRS UMR 5164, INSERM ERL 1303, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
| | - Julie Déchanet-Merville
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- ImmunoConcEpt, CNRS UMR 5164, INSERM ERL 1303, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
| | - Maya Saleh
- INRS Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Scott W. Canna
- Pediatric Rheumatology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David Furman
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, USA
- Stanford 1000 Immunomes Project, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Benjamin Faustin
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- ImmunoConcEpt, CNRS UMR 5164, INSERM ERL 1303, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
- Discovery Immunology, Johnson & Johnson Innovative Medicine, San Diego, California, USA
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Lim RJ, Salehi-Rad R, Tran LM, Oh MS, Dumitras C, Crosson WP, Li R, Patel TS, Man S, Yean CE, Abascal J, Huang Z, Ong SL, Krysan K, Dubinett SM, Liu B. CXCL9/10-engineered dendritic cells promote T cell activation and enhance immune checkpoint blockade for lung cancer. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101479. [PMID: 38518770 PMCID: PMC11031384 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibition has revolutionized the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Durable responses, however, are observed only in a subpopulation of patients. Defective antigen presentation and an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) can lead to deficient T cell recruitment and ICB resistance. We evaluate intratumoral (IT) vaccination with CXCL9- and CXCL10-engineered dendritic cells (CXCL9/10-DC) as a strategy to overcome resistance. IT CXCL9/10-DC leads to enhanced T cell infiltration and activation in the TME and tumor inhibition in murine NSCLC models. The antitumor efficacy of IT CXCL9/10-DC is dependent on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, as well as CXCR3-dependent T cell trafficking from the lymph node. IT CXCL9/10-DC, in combination with ICB, overcomes resistance and establishes systemic tumor-specific immunity in murine models. These studies provide a mechanistic understanding of CXCL9/10-DC-mediated host immune activation and support clinical translation of IT CXCL9/10-DC to augment ICB efficacy in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond J Lim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ramin Salehi-Rad
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Medicine, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
| | - Linh M Tran
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Medicine, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
| | - Michael S Oh
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Camelia Dumitras
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - William P Crosson
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Rui Li
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Tejas S Patel
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Samantha Man
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Cara E Yean
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jensen Abascal
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - ZiLing Huang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Stephanie L Ong
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kostyantyn Krysan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Medicine, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
| | - Steven M Dubinett
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Medicine, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Bin Liu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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7
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Miao SN, Chai MQ, Liu XY, Wei CY, Zhang CC, Sun NN, Fei QZ, Peng LL, Qiu H. Exercise accelerates recruitment of CD8 + T cell to promotes anti-tumor immunity in lung cancer via epinephrine. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:474. [PMID: 38622609 PMCID: PMC11021002 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12224-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE In recent years, there has been extensive research on the role of exercise as an adjunctive therapy for cancer. However, the potential mechanisms underlying the anti-tumor therapy of exercise in lung cancer remain to be fully elucidated. As such, our study aims to confirm whether exercise-induced elevation of epinephrine can accelerate CD8+ T cell recruitment through modulation of chemokines and thus ultimately inhibit tumor progression. METHOD C57BL/6 mice were subcutaneously inoculated with Lewis lung cancer cells (LLCs) to establish a subcutaneous tumor model. The tumor mice were randomly divided into different groups to performed a moderate-intensity exercise program on a treadmill for 5 consecutive days a week, 45 min a day. The blood samples and tumor tissues were collected after exercise for IHC, RT-qPCR, ELISA and Western blot. In addition, another group of mice received daily epinephrine treatment for two weeks (0.05 mg/mL, 200 µL i.p.) (EPI, n = 8) to replicate the effects of exercise on tumors in vivo. Lewis lung cancer cells were treated with different concentrations of epinephrine (0, 5, 10, 20 µM) to detect the effect of epinephrine on chemokine levels via ELISA and RT-qPCR. RESULTS This study reveals that both pre- and post-cancer exercise effectively impede the tumor progression. Exercise led to an increase in EPI levels and the infiltration of CD8+ T cell into the lung tumor. Exercise-induced elevation of EPI is involved in the regulation of Ccl5 and Cxcl10 levels further leading to enhanced CD8+ T cell infiltration and ultimately inhibiting tumor progression. CONCLUSION Exercise training enhance the anti-tumor immunity of lung cancer individuals. These findings will provide valuable insights for the future application of exercise therapy in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai-Nan Miao
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, 230032, Hefei, China
| | - Meng-Qi Chai
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, 230032, Hefei, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Liu
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, 230032, Hefei, China
| | - Cheng-Yu Wei
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, 230032, Hefei, China
| | - Cun-Cun Zhang
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, 230032, Hefei, China
| | - Ning-Ning Sun
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, 230032, Hefei, China
| | - Qing-Ze Fei
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, 230032, Hefei, China
| | - Lin-Lin Peng
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, 230032, Hefei, China
| | - Huan Qiu
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, 230032, Hefei, China.
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8
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Giacobbi NS, Mullapudi S, Nabors H, Pyeon D. The Chemokine CXCL14 as a Potential Immunotherapeutic Agent for Cancer Therapy. Viruses 2024; 16:302. [PMID: 38400076 PMCID: PMC10892169 DOI: 10.3390/v16020302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
There is great enthusiasm toward the development of novel immunotherapies for the treatment of cancer, and given their roles in immune system regulation, chemokines stand out as promising candidates for use in new cancer therapies. Many previous studies have shown how chemokine signaling pathways could be targeted to halt cancer progression. We and others have revealed that the chemokine CXCL14 promotes antitumor immune responses, suggesting that CXCL14 may be effective for cancer immunotherapy. However, it is still unknown what mechanism governs CXCL14-mediated antitumor activity, how to deliver CXCL14, what dose to apply, and what combinations with existing therapy may boost antitumor immune responses in cancer patients. Here, we provide updates on the role of CXCL14 in cancer progression and discuss the potential development and application of CXCL14 as an immunotherapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dohun Pyeon
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (N.S.G.); (S.M.); (H.N.)
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Yang J, Liu Q, Shyr Y. A Large-Scale Meta-Analysis Reveals Positive Feedback between Macrophages and T Cells That Sensitizes Tumors to Immunotherapy. Cancer Res 2024; 84:626-638. [PMID: 38117502 PMCID: PMC10867621 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Although considerable efforts have been dedicated to identifying predictive signatures for immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment response, current biomarkers suffer from poor generalizability and reproducibility across different studies and cancer types. The integration of large-scale multiomics studies holds great promise for discovering robust biomarkers and shedding light on the mechanisms of immune resistance. In this study, we conducted the most extensive meta-analysis involving 3,037 ICI-treated patients with genetic and/or transcriptomics profiles across 14 types of solid tumor. The comprehensive analysis uncovered both known and novel reliable signatures associated with ICI treatment outcomes. The signatures included tumor mutational burden (TMB), IFNG and PDCD1 expression, and notably, interactions between macrophages and T cells driving their activation and recruitment. Independent data from single-cell RNA sequencing and dynamic transcriptomic profiles during the ICI treatment provided further evidence that enhanced cross-talk between macrophages and T cells contributes to ICI response. A multivariable model based on eight nonredundant signatures significantly outperformed existing models in five independent validation datasets representing various cancer types. Collectively, this study discovered biomarkers predicting ICI response that highlight the contribution of immune cell networks to immunotherapy efficacy and could help guide patient treatment. SIGNIFICANCE Identification of robust immunogenomic connections, particularly macrophage T-cell interactions, in a large-scale pan-cancer meta-analysis and development of a predictive model for immunotherapy response that outperformed existing models could facilitate clinical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Qi Liu
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Yu Shyr
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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10
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Lee DH, Imran M, Choi JH, Park YJ, Kim YH, Min S, Park TJ, Choi YW. CDK4/6 inhibitors induce breast cancer senescence with enhanced anti-tumor immunogenic properties compared with DNA-damaging agents. Mol Oncol 2024; 18:216-232. [PMID: 37854019 PMCID: PMC10766199 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Since therapy-induced senescence (TIS) can either support or inhibit cancer progression, identifying which types of chemotherapeutic agents can produce the strongest anti-tumor TIS is an important issue. Here, cyclin-dependent kinase4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i)-induced senescence was compared to the TIS induced by conventional DNA-damaging agents. Despite both types of agents eliciting a similar degree of senescence, we observed increased expression of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) and ligands related to pro-tumor immunity (IL6, CXCL8, TGFβ, CD274, and CEACAM1) and angiogenesis (VEGFA) mainly in TIS induced by DNA-damaging agents rather than by CDK4/6i. Additionally, although all agents increased the expression of anti-tumor immunomodulatory proteins related to antigen presentation (MHC-I, B2M) and T cell chemokines (CXCL9, 10, 11), CDK4/6i-induced senescent cells still maintained this expression at a similar or even higher intensity than cells treated with DNA-damaging agents, despite the absence of nuclear factor-kappa-B (NF-κB) and p53 activation. These data suggest that in contrast with DNA-damaging agents, which augment the pro-tumorigenic microenvironment via pro-inflammatory SASP, CDK4/6i can generate TIS only with antitumor immunomodulatory proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hyun Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyAjou University School of MedicineSuwonKorea
- Department of Biomedical SciencesAjou University Graduate School of MedicineSuwonKorea
- Inflamm‐Aging Translational Research CenterAjou University Medical CenterSuwonKorea
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyAjou University School of MedicineSuwonKorea
- Inflamm‐Aging Translational Research CenterAjou University Medical CenterSuwonKorea
| | - Jae Ho Choi
- Inflamm‐Aging Translational Research CenterAjou University Medical CenterSuwonKorea
- Department of Hematology‐OncologyAjou University School of MedicineSuwonKorea
| | - Yoo Jung Park
- Department of Hematology‐OncologyAjou University School of MedicineSuwonKorea
| | - Young Hwa Kim
- Inflamm‐Aging Translational Research CenterAjou University Medical CenterSuwonKorea
| | - Sunwoo Min
- Department of Biological SciencesKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)DaejeonKorea
| | - Tae Jun Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyAjou University School of MedicineSuwonKorea
- Department of Biomedical SciencesAjou University Graduate School of MedicineSuwonKorea
- Inflamm‐Aging Translational Research CenterAjou University Medical CenterSuwonKorea
| | - Yong Won Choi
- Inflamm‐Aging Translational Research CenterAjou University Medical CenterSuwonKorea
- Department of Hematology‐OncologyAjou University School of MedicineSuwonKorea
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11
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Zhang XF, Zhang XL, Wang YJ, Fang Y, Li ML, Liu XY, Luo HY, Tian Y. The regulatory network of the chemokine CCL5 in colorectal cancer. Ann Med 2023; 55:2205168. [PMID: 37141250 PMCID: PMC10161960 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2023.2205168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemokine CCL5 plays a potential role in the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer (CRC). Previous studies have shown that CCL5 directly acts on tumor cells to change tumor metastatic rates. In addition, CCL5 recruits immune cells and immunosuppressive cells into the tumor microenvironment (TME) and reshapes the TME to adapt to tumor growth or increase antitumor immune efficacy, depending on the type of secretory cells releasing CCL5, the cellular function of CCL5 recruitment, and the underlying mechanisms. However, at present, research on the role played by CCL5 in the occurrence and development of CRC is still limited, and whether CCL5 promotes the occurrence and development of CRC and its role remain controversial. This paper discusses the cells recruited by CCL5 in patients with CRC and the specific mechanism of this recruitment, as well as recent clinical studies of CCL5 in patients with CRC.Key MessagesCCL5 plays dual roles in colorectal cancer progression.CCL5 remodels the tumor microenvironment to adapt to colorectal cancer tumor growth by recruiting immunosuppressive cells or by direct action.CCL5 inhibits colorectal cancer tumor growth by recruiting immune cells or by direct action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Feng Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiao-Li Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ya-Jing Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Third Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- Organ Transplant Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Meng-Li Li
- Honghui Hospital affiliated to Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Xing-Yu Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Hua-You Luo
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yan Tian
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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12
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Xu YF, Wang GY, Zhang MY, Yang JG. Hub genes and their key effects on prognosis of Burkitt lymphoma. World J Clin Oncol 2023; 14:357-372. [PMID: 37970111 PMCID: PMC10631346 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v14.i10.357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is an exceptionally aggressive malignant neoplasm that arises from either the germinal center or post-germinal center B cells. Patients with BL often present with rapid tumor growth and require high-intensity multi-drug therapy combined with adequate intrathecal chemotherapy prophylaxis, however, a standard treatment program for BL has not yet been established. It is important to identify biomarkers for predicting the prognosis of BLs and discriminating patients who might benefit from the therapy. Microarray data and sequencing information from public databases could offer opportunities for the discovery of new diagnostic or therapeutic targets. AIM To identify hub genes and perform gene ontology (GO) and survival analysis in BL. METHODS Gene expression profiles and clinical traits of BL patients were collected from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was applied to construct gene co-expression modules, and the cytoHubba tool was used to find the hub genes. Then, the hub genes were analyzed using GO and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis. Additionally, a Protein-Protein Interaction network and a Genetic Interaction network were constructed. Prognostic candidate genes were identified through overall survival analysis. Finally, a nomogram was established to assess the predictive value of hub genes, and drug-gene interactions were also constructed. RESULTS In this study, we obtained 8 modules through WGCNA analysis, and there was a significant correlation between the yellow module and age. Then we identified 10 hub genes (SRC, TLR4, CD40, STAT3, SELL, CXCL10, IL2RA, IL10RA, CCR7 and FCGR2B) by cytoHubba tool. Within these hubs, two genes were found to be associated with OS (CXCL10, P = 0.029 and IL2RA, P = 0.0066) by survival analysis. Additionally, we combined these two hub genes and age to build a nomogram. Moreover, the drugs related to IL2RA and CXCL10 might have a potential therapeutic role in relapsed and refractory BL. CONCLUSION From WGCNA and survival analysis, we identified CXCL10 and IL2RA that might be prognostic markers for BL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Feng Xu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Guan-Yun Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ming-Yu Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ji-Gang Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
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13
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Ghorani E, Swanton C, Quezada SA. Cancer cell-intrinsic mechanisms driving acquired immune tolerance. Immunity 2023; 56:2270-2295. [PMID: 37820584 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Immune evasion is a hallmark of cancer, enabling tumors to survive contact with the host immune system and evade the cycle of immune recognition and destruction. Here, we review the current understanding of the cancer cell-intrinsic factors driving immune evasion. We focus on T cells as key effectors of anti-cancer immunity and argue that cancer cells evade immune destruction by gaining control over pathways that usually serve to maintain physiological tolerance to self. Using this framework, we place recent mechanistic advances in the understanding of cancer immune evasion into broad categories of control over T cell localization, antigen recognition, and acquisition of optimal effector function. We discuss the redundancy in the pathways involved and identify knowledge gaps that must be overcome to better target immune evasion, including the need for better, routinely available tools that incorporate the growing understanding of evasion mechanisms to stratify patients for therapy and trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Ghorani
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK; Department of Medical Oncology, Imperial College London Hospitals, London, UK.
| | - Charles Swanton
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK; Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK; Department of Oncology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | - Sergio A Quezada
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK; Cancer Immunology Unit, Research Department of Hematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK.
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14
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Quan Y, He J, Zou Q, Zhang L, Sun Q, Huang H, Li W, Xie K, Wei F. Low molecular weight heparin synergistically enhances the efficacy of adoptive and anti-PD-1-based immunotherapy by increasing lymphocyte infiltration in colorectal cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:e007080. [PMID: 37597850 PMCID: PMC10441131 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-007080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunotherapy, including adoptive cell therapy (ACT) and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), has a limited effect in most patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), and the efficacy is further limited in patients with liver metastasis. Lack of antitumor lymphocyte infiltration could be a major cause, and there remains an urgent need for more potent and safer therapies for CRC. METHODS In this study, the antitumoral synergism of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) combined with immunotherapy in the microsatellite stable (MSS) highly aggressive murine model of CRC was fully evaluated. RESULTS Dual LMWH and ACT objectively mediated the stagnation of tumor growth and inhibition of liver metastasis, neither LMWH nor ACT alone had any antitumoral activity on them. The combination of LMWH and ACT obviously increased the infiltration of intratumor CD8+ T cells, as revealed by multiplex immunohistochemistry, purified CD8+ T-cell transfer assay, and IVIM in vivo imaging. Mechanistically, evaluation of changes in the tumor microenvironment revealed that LMWH improved tumor vascular normalization and facilitated the trafficking of activated CD8+ T cells into tumors. Similarly, LMWH combined with anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) therapy provided superior antitumor activity as compared with the single PD-1 blockade in murine CT26 tumor models. CONCLUSIONS LMWH could enhance ACT and ICIs-based immunotherapy by increasing lymphocyte infiltration into tumors, especially cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. These results indicate that combining LMWH with an immunotherapy strategy presents a promising and safe approach for CRC treatment, especially in MSS tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Quan
- Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, South China University of Technology School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie He
- Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, South China University of Technology School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research and Department of Immunology, The South China University of Technology School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Zou
- Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, South China University of Technology School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research and Department of Immunology, The South China University of Technology School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liuxi Zhang
- Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, South China University of Technology School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research and Department of Immunology, The South China University of Technology School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qihui Sun
- Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research and Department of Immunology, The South China University of Technology School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongli Huang
- Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, South China University of Technology School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanglin Li
- Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, South China University of Technology School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Keping Xie
- Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research and Department of Immunology, The South China University of Technology School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Wei
- Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, South China University of Technology School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research and Department of Immunology, The South China University of Technology School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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15
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Zheng Z, Wieder T, Mauerer B, Schäfer L, Kesselring R, Braumüller H. T Cells in Colorectal Cancer: Unravelling the Function of Different T Cell Subsets in the Tumor Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11673. [PMID: 37511431 PMCID: PMC10380781 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic options for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) are very limited, and the prognosis using combination therapy with a chemotherapeutic drug and a targeted agent, e.g., epidermal growth factor receptor or tyrosine kinase, remains poor. Therefore, mCRC is associated with a poor median overall survival (mOS) of only 25-30 months. Current immunotherapies with checkpoint inhibitor blockade (ICB) have led to a substantial change in the treatment of several cancers, such as melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer. In CRC, ICB has only limited effects, except in patients with microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) or mismatch repair-deficient (dMMR) tumors, which comprise about 15% of sporadic CRC patients and about 4% of patients with metastatic CRC. The vast majority of sporadic CRCs are microsatellite-stable (MSS) tumors with low levels of infiltrating immune cells, in which immunotherapy has no clinical benefit so far. Immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors requires the presence of infiltrating T cells into the tumor microenvironment (TME). This makes T cells the most important effector cells in the TME, as evidenced by the establishment of the immunoscore-a method to estimate the prognosis of CRC patients. The microenvironment of a tumor contains several types of T cells that are anti-tumorigenic, such as CD8+ T cells or pro-tumorigenic, such as regulatory T cells (Tregs) or T helper 17 (Th17) cells. However, even CD8+ T cells show marked heterogeneity, e.g., they can become exhausted, enter a state of hyporesponsiveness or become dysfunctional and express high levels of checkpoint molecules, the targets for ICB. To kill cancer cells, CD8+ T cells need the recognition of the MHC class I, which is often downregulated on colorectal cancer cells. In this case, a population of unconventional T cells with a γδ T cell receptor can overcome the limitations of the conventional CD8+ T cells with an αβT cell receptor. γδ T cells recognize antigens in an MHC-independent manner, thus acting as a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity. Here, we discuss the effects of different T cell subsets in colorectal cancer with a special emphasis on γδ T cells and the possibility of using them in CAR-T cell therapy. We explain T cell exclusion in microsatellite-stable colorectal cancer and the possibilities to overcome this exclusion to enable immunotherapy even in these "cold" tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwen Zheng
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Wieder
- Department of Vegetative and Clinical Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Mauerer
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Luisa Schäfer
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rebecca Kesselring
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heidi Braumüller
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
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16
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Cisoń-Jurek S, Czajka-Francuz P, Francuz T, Owczarek AJ, Szymczak B, Wojnar J, Chudek J. The Value of Prolactin, a Panel of Cytokines, and the Soluble Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 in the Prediction of Rapid Progression and Shorter Survival during Palliative Chemotherapy of Colorectal Cancer Patients. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2014. [PMID: 37509653 PMCID: PMC10377747 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11072014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The prediction of colorectal cancer (CRC) response to palliative chemotherapy (CTH) is still difficult. Patients at a higher risk of progression may benefit from more aggressive treatment. This study assessed the predictive value of prolactin (PRL) and a panel of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors for the risk of rapid progression in CRC patients starting palliative CTH. This study included 51 CRC patients initiating palliative CTH with up to 5-year follow-up, divided into rapid and non-rapid progressors. Serum samples were collected before CTH for assessment of a large panel of cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and PRL via a multiplex method. Rapid progressors (N = 19) were characterized by increased baseline values of IL-8 and IP10 but decreased PRL levels. In addition, PRL below 18.2 ng/mL was a strong predictor of weight loss during CTH. Grade 3 (HR = 2.97; 95%CI: 1.48-5.98) and PRL level (HR = 0.96; 95%CI: 0.91-1.01) were independent risk factors of progression. We showed that CRC rapid progressors are characterized by decreased baseline PRL levels. In addition, increased baseline levels of IP-10, sHER-2, IL-6, and IL-8 may be associated with longer survival; however, larger studies are needed to confirm their predictive role in CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Cisoń-Jurek
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncological Chemotherapy, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Str. Reymonta 8, 40-027 Katowice, Poland
| | - Paulina Czajka-Francuz
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncological Chemotherapy, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Str. Reymonta 8, 40-027 Katowice, Poland
| | - Tomasz Francuz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Str. Medyków 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Aleksander J Owczarek
- Health Promotion and Obesity Management Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Silesian Medical University, Str. Medyków 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Bożena Szymczak
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncological Chemotherapy, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Str. Reymonta 8, 40-027 Katowice, Poland
| | - Jerzy Wojnar
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncological Chemotherapy, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Str. Reymonta 8, 40-027 Katowice, Poland
| | - Jerzy Chudek
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncological Chemotherapy, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Str. Reymonta 8, 40-027 Katowice, Poland
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17
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Thierry S, Maadadi S, Berton A, Dimier L, Perret C, Vey N, Ourfali S, Saccas M, Caron S, Boucard-Jourdin M, Colombel M, Werle B, Bonnin M. TL-532, a novel specific Toll-like receptor 3 agonist rationally designed for targeting cancers: discovery process and biological characterization. MICROBIAL CELL (GRAZ, AUSTRIA) 2023; 10:117-132. [PMID: 37275475 PMCID: PMC10236204 DOI: 10.15698/mic2023.06.797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) is an innate immune receptor that recognizes double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and induces inflammation in immune and normal cells to initiate anti-microbial responses. TLR3 acts also as a death receptor only in cancer cells but not in their normal counterparts, making it an attractive target for cancer therapies. To date, all of the TLR3-activating dsRNAs used at preclinical or clinical stages have major drawbacks such as structural heterogeneity, toxicity, and lack of specificity and/or efficacy. We conducted the discovery process of a new family of TLR3 agonists that are chemically manufactured on solid-phase support and perfectly defined in terms of sequence and size. A stepwise discovery process was performed leading to the identification of TL-532, a 70 base pair dsRNA that is potent without transfection reagent and is highly specific for TLR3 without activating other innate nucleic sensors such as RIG-I/MDA5, TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9. TL-532 induces inflammation in murine RAW264.7 myeloid macrophages, in human NCI-H292 lung cancer cells, and it promotes immunogenic apoptosis in tumor cells in vitro and ex vivo without toxicity towards normal primary cells. In conclusion, we identified a novel TLR3 agonist called TL-532 that has promising anticancer properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Thierry
- TOLLYS SAS, 60F avenue Rockefeller, Lyon, France; Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Sarah Maadadi
- TOLLYS SAS, 60F avenue Rockefeller, Lyon, France; Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Aurore Berton
- TOLLYS SAS, 60F avenue Rockefeller, Lyon, France; Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Laura Dimier
- TOLLYS SAS, 60F avenue Rockefeller, Lyon, France; Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Clémence Perret
- TOLLYS SAS, 60F avenue Rockefeller, Lyon, France; Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Nelly Vey
- TOLLYS SAS, 60F avenue Rockefeller, Lyon, France; Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Saïd Ourfali
- Service d'Urologie et Chirurgie de la Transplantation, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France. Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; TOLLYS SAS, 60F avenue Rockefeller, Lyon, France; Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Mathilde Saccas
- TOLLYS SAS, 60F avenue Rockefeller, Lyon, France; Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Solène Caron
- TOLLYS SAS, 60F avenue Rockefeller, Lyon, France; Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Mathilde Boucard-Jourdin
- TOLLYS SAS, 60F avenue Rockefeller, Lyon, France; Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Marc Colombel
- Service d'Urologie et Chirurgie de la Transplantation, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1
| | - Bettina Werle
- TOLLYS SAS, 60F avenue Rockefeller, Lyon, France; Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Marc Bonnin
- TOLLYS SAS, 60F avenue Rockefeller, Lyon, France; Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France
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18
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Seya T, Shingai M, Kawakita T, Matsumoto M. Two Modes of Th1 Polarization Induced by Dendritic-Cell-Priming Adjuvant in Vaccination. Cells 2023; 12:1504. [PMID: 37296625 PMCID: PMC10252737 DOI: 10.3390/cells12111504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral infections are usually accompanied by systemic cytokinemia. Vaccines need not necessarily mimic infection by inducing cytokinemia, but must induce antiviral-acquired immunity. Virus-derived nucleic acids are potential immune-enhancers and particularly good candidates as adjuvants in vaccines in mouse models. The most important nucleic-acid-sensing process involves the dendritic cell (DC) Toll-like receptor (TLR), which participates in the pattern recognition of foreign DNA/RNA structures. Human CD141+ DCs preferentially express TLR3 in endosomes and recognize double-stranded RNA. Antigen cross-presentation occurs preferentially in this subset of DCs (cDCs) via the TLR3-TICAM-1-IRF3 axis. Another subset, plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs), specifically expresses TLR7/9 in endosomes. They then recruit the MyD88 adaptor, and potently induce type I interferon (IFN-I) and proinflammatory cytokines to eliminate the virus. Notably, this inflammation leads to the secondary activation of antigen-presenting cDCs. Hence, the activation of cDCs via nucleic acids involves two modes: (i) with bystander effect of inflammation and (ii) without inflammation. In either case, the acquired immune response finally occurs with Th1 polarity. The level of inflammation and adverse events depend on the TLR repertoire and the mode of response to their agonists in the relevant DC subsets, and could be predicted by assessing the levels of cytokines/chemokines and T cell proliferation in vaccinated subjects. The main differences in the mode of vaccine sought in infectious diseases and cancer are defined by whether it is prophylactic or therapeutic, whether it can deliver sufficient antigens to cDCs, and how it behaves in the microenvironment of the lesion. Adjuvant can be selected on a case-to-case basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsukasa Seya
- Nebuta Research Institute for Life Sciences, Aomori University, Aomori 030-0943, Japan;
- Department of Vaccine Immunology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
- Division of Vaccine Immunology, Hokkaido University International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan; (M.S.); (T.K.)
| | - Masashi Shingai
- Division of Vaccine Immunology, Hokkaido University International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan; (M.S.); (T.K.)
- Division of Biologics Development, Hokkaido University International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
- International Collaboration Unit, Hokkaido University International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (HU-IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Tomomi Kawakita
- Division of Vaccine Immunology, Hokkaido University International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan; (M.S.); (T.K.)
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (HU-IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Misako Matsumoto
- Nebuta Research Institute for Life Sciences, Aomori University, Aomori 030-0943, Japan;
- Department of Vaccine Immunology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
- Division of Vaccine Immunology, Hokkaido University International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan; (M.S.); (T.K.)
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Withers SS, Moeller CE, Quick CN, Liu CC, Baham SM, Looper JS, Subramanian R, Kousoulas KG. Effect of stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling on radiation-induced chemokine expression in human osteosarcoma cells. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284645. [PMID: 37079538 PMCID: PMC10118169 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cell-intrinsic mechanisms affecting radiation immunomodulation could be exploited to optimize systemic effects of localized radiation. Radiation-induced DNA damage is sensed by cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS), which ultimately activates stimulator of interferon (IFN) genes (STING). Resultant expression of soluble mediators such as CCL5 and CXCL10 can facilitate recruitment of dendritic cells and immune effector cells into the tumor. The primary objectives of this study were to determine the baseline expression levels of cGAS and STING in OSA cells and evaluate the dependence of OSA cells on STING signaling for eliciting radiation-induced expression of CCL5 and CXCL10. cGAS and STING expression, and CCL5/CXCL10 expression in control cells, STING-agonist treated cells, and cells treated with 5 Gy ionizing radiation were assessed utilizing RTqPCR, Western blot, and ELISA. U2OS and SAOS-2 OSA cells were deficient in STING relative to human osteoblasts (hObs), while SAOS-2-LM6 and MG63 OSA cells expressed equivalent amounts of STING compared to hObs. A dependence on baseline or induced STING expression was observed for STING-agonist, and radiation-induced, expression of CCL5 and CXCL10. This finding was confirmed by performing siRNA knockdown of STING in MG63 cells. These results show that STING signaling is necessary for radiation-induced expression of CCL5 and CXCL10 in OSA cells. Additional studies are necessary to determine whether STING expression in OSA cells in vivo alters immune cell infiltrates after radiation exposure. These data may also have implications for other potentially STING-dependent characteristics such as resistance to oncolytic virus cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sita S. Withers
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Cambri E. Moeller
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Cally N. Quick
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Chin-Chi Liu
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Shelby M. Baham
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Jayme S. Looper
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Ramesh Subramanian
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Konstantin G. Kousoulas
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
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20
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Mokhtari K, Peymani M, Rashidi M, Hushmandi K, Ghaedi K, Taheriazam A, Hashemi M. Colon cancer transcriptome. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 180-181:49-82. [PMID: 37059270 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Over the last four decades, methodological innovations have continuously changed transcriptome profiling. It is now feasible to sequence and quantify the transcriptional outputs of individual cells or thousands of samples using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). These transcriptomes serve as a connection between cellular behaviors and their underlying molecular mechanisms, such as mutations. This relationship, in the context of cancer, provides a chance to unravel tumor complexity and heterogeneity and uncover novel biomarkers or treatment options. Since colon cancer is one of the most frequent malignancies, its prognosis and diagnosis seem to be critical. The transcriptome technology is developing for an earlier and more accurate diagnosis of cancer which can provide better protectivity and prognostic utility to medical teams and patients. A transcriptome is a whole set of expressed coding and non-coding RNAs in an individual or cell population. The cancer transcriptome includes RNA-based changes. The combined genome and transcriptome of a patient may provide a comprehensive picture of their cancer, and this information is beginning to affect treatment decision-making in real-time. A full assessment of the transcriptome of colon (colorectal) cancer has been assessed in this review paper based on risk factors such as age, obesity, gender, alcohol use, race, and also different stages of cancer, as well as non-coding RNAs like circRNAs, miRNAs, lncRNAs, and siRNAs. Similarly, they have been examined independently in the transcriptome study of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khatere Mokhtari
- Department of Modern Biology, ACECR Institute of Higher Education (Isfahan Branch), Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Peymani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Rashidi
- Department Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, 4815733971, Iran; The Health of Plant and Livestock Products Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, 4815733971, Iran
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamran Ghaedi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Afshin Taheriazam
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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21
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Popek-Marciniec S, Styk W, Wojcierowska-Litwin M, Szudy-Szczyrek A, Dudek P, Swiderska-Kolacz G, Czerwik-Marcinkowska J, Zmorzynski S. The Relationship of CCL5 and CCR1 Variants with Response Rate and Survival Taking into Account Thalidomide/Bortezomib Treatment in Patients with Multiple Myeloma. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12062384. [PMID: 36983384 PMCID: PMC10056693 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12062384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Chemokines and chemokine receptors play an important role in tumor development. The aim of this study was to check the significance of CCL5 and CCR1 variants with response rate, survival, and the level of regulated on activation, normal T cells expressed and secreted (RANTES/CCL5) in multiple myeloma (MM) patients; (2) Methods: Genomic DNA from 101 newly diagnosed MM patients and 100 healthy blood donors were analyzed by Real-time PCR method (for CCL5 and CCR1 genotyping). In a subgroup of 70 MM patients, serum samples were collected to determine the level of RANTES; (3) Results: multivariate Cox regression showed increased risk of disease relapse or progression (HR = 4.77; p = 0.01) in MM patients with CG + CC genotypes of CCL5 rs2280788. In contrast, CT + TT genotypes of CCL5 rs2107538 were associated withdecreased risk of death (HR = 0.18; p = 0.028) and disease relapse or progression (HR = 0.26; p = 0.01). In MM patients with major genotypes of rs2280789, rs2280788, and rs2107538, higher survival rates were observed in response to treatment with thalidomide and bortezomib. Statistically significant lower RANTES levels were seen in minor genotypes and heterozygotes of CCL5 and CCR1 variants; (4) Conclusions: Major genotypes of CCL5 variants may be independent positive prognostic factors in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Popek-Marciniec
- Department of Cancer Genetics with Cytogenetic Laboratory, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
| | - Wojciech Styk
- Department of Psychology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Aneta Szudy-Szczyrek
- Chair and Department of Hematooncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
| | - Paul Dudek
- Department of Cancer Genetics with Cytogenetic Laboratory, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
| | | | | | - Szymon Zmorzynski
- Department of Cancer Genetics with Cytogenetic Laboratory, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence:
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22
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Vornholz L, Isay SE, Kurgyis Z, Strobl DC, Loll P, Mosa MH, Luecken MD, Sterr M, Lickert H, Winter C, Greten FR, Farin HF, Theis FJ, Ruland J. Synthetic enforcement of STING signaling in cancer cells appropriates the immune microenvironment for checkpoint inhibitor therapy. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadd8564. [PMID: 36921054 PMCID: PMC10017047 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add8564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) enhance anticancer immunity by releasing repressive signals into tumor microenvironments (TMEs). To be effective, ICIs require preexisting immunologically "hot" niches for tumor antigen presentation and lymphocyte recruitment. How the mutational landscape of cancer cells shapes these immunological niches remains poorly defined. We found in human and murine colorectal cancer (CRC) models that the superior antitumor immune response of mismatch repair (MMR)-deficient CRC required tumor cell-intrinsic activation of cGAS-STING signaling triggered by genomic instability. Subsequently, we synthetically enforced STING signaling in CRC cells with intact MMR signaling using constitutively active STING variants. Even in MMR-proficient CRC, genetically encoded gain-of-function STING was sufficient to induce cancer cell-intrinsic interferon signaling, local activation of antigen-presenting cells, recruitment of effector lymphocytes, and sensitization of previously "cold" TMEs to ICI therapy in vivo. Thus, our results introduce a rational strategy for modulating cancer cell-intrinsic programs via engineered STING enforcement to sensitize resistant tumors to ICI responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larsen Vornholz
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- TranslaTUM, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sophie E. Isay
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- TranslaTUM, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Zsuzsanna Kurgyis
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- TranslaTUM, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel C. Strobl
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- TranslaTUM, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Computational Biology, Department of Computational Health, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Patricia Loll
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- TranslaTUM, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mohammed H. Mosa
- Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Malte D. Luecken
- Institute of Computational Biology, Department of Computational Health, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Sterr
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Heiko Lickert
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christof Winter
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- TranslaTUM, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Munich partner site, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Frankfurt/Mainz partner site, Germany
| | - Florian R. Greten
- Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Frankfurt/Mainz partner site, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Henner F. Farin
- Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Frankfurt/Mainz partner site, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fabian J. Theis
- Institute of Computational Biology, Department of Computational Health, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Mathematics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Ruland
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- TranslaTUM, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Munich partner site, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Frankfurt/Mainz partner site, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich partner site, Germany
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23
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The CXCL10/CXCR3 Pathway Contributes to the Synergy of Thermal Ablation and PD-1 Blockade Therapy against Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15051427. [PMID: 36900218 PMCID: PMC10000434 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
As a practical local therapeutic approach to destroy tumor tissue, thermal ablation can activate tumor-specific T cells via enhancing tumor antigen presentation to the immune system. In the present study, we investigated changes in infiltrating immune cells in tumor tissues from the non-radiofrequency ablation (RFA) side by analyzing single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data of tumor-bearing mice compared with control tumors. We showed that ablation treatment could increase the proportion of CD8+T cells and the interaction between macrophages and T cells was altered. Another thermal ablation treatment, microwave ablation (MWA), increased the enrichment of signaling pathways for chemotaxis and chemokine response and was associated with the chemokine CXCL10. In addition, the immune checkpoint PD-1 was especially up-regulated in the infiltrating T cells of tumors on the non-ablation side after thermal ablation treatment. Combination therapy of ablation and PD-1 blockade had a synergistic anti-tumor effect. Furthermore, we found that the CXCL10/CXCR3 axis contributed to the therapeutic efficacy of ablation combined with anti-PD-1 therapy, and activation of the CXCL10/CXCR3 signaling pathway might improve the synergistic effect of this combination treatment against solid tumors.
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24
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Myeloid cell heterogeneity in the tumor microenvironment and therapeutic implications for childhood central nervous system (CNS) tumors. J Neuroimmunol 2023; 374:578009. [PMID: 36508930 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2022.578009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) tumors are the most common type of solid tumors in children and the leading cause of cancer deaths in ages 0-14. Recent advances in the field of tumor biology and immunology have underscored the disparate nature of these distinct CNS tumor types. In this review, we briefly introduce pediatric CNS tumors and discuss various components of the TME, with a particular focus on myeloid cells. Although most studies regarding myeloid cells have been done on adult CNS tumors and animal models, we discuss the role of myeloid cell heterogeneity in pediatric CNS tumors and describe how these cells may contribute to tumorigenesis and treatment response. In addition, we present studies within the last 5 years that highlight human CNS tumors, the utility of various murine CNS tumor models, and the latest multi-dimensional tools that can be leveraged to investigate myeloid cell infiltration in young adults and children diagnosed with select CNS tumors.
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25
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Szpakowska M, D’Uonnolo G, Luís R, Alonso Bartolomé A, Thelen M, Legler DF, Chevigné A. New pairings and deorphanization among the atypical chemokine receptor family - physiological and clinical relevance. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1133394. [PMID: 37153591 PMCID: PMC10157204 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1133394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Atypical chemokine receptors (ACKRs) form a small subfamily of receptors (ACKR1-4) unable to trigger G protein-dependent signaling in response to their ligands. They do, however, play a crucial regulatory role in chemokine biology by capturing, scavenging or transporting chemokines, thereby regulating their availability and signaling through classical chemokine receptors. ACKRs add thus another layer of complexity to the intricate chemokine-receptor interaction network. Recently, targeted approaches and screening programs aiming at reassessing chemokine activity towards ACKRs identified several new pairings such as the dimeric CXCL12 with ACKR1, CXCL2, CXCL10 and CCL26 with ACKR2, the viral broad-spectrum chemokine vCCL2/vMIP-II, a range of opioid peptides and PAMP-12 with ACKR3 as well as CCL20 and CCL22 with ACKR4. Moreover, GPR182 (ACKR5) has been lately proposed as a new promiscuous atypical chemokine receptor with scavenging activity notably towards CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL12 and CXCL13. Altogether, these findings reveal new degrees of complexity of the chemokine network and expand the panel of ACKR ligands and regulatory functions. In this minireview, we present and discuss these new pairings, their physiological and clinical relevance as well as the opportunities they open for targeting ACKRs in innovative therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Szpakowska
- Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics,Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Giulia D’Uonnolo
- Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics,Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Rafael Luís
- Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics,Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Tumor Immunotherapy and Microenvironment, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Ana Alonso Bartolomé
- Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics,Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Marcus Thelen
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Daniel F. Legler
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Andy Chevigné
- Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics,Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- *Correspondence: Andy Chevigné,
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26
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Fan X, Wang K, Lu Q, Lu Y, Sun J. Cell-Based Drug Delivery Systems Participate in the Cancer Immunity Cycle for Improved Cancer Immunotherapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2205166. [PMID: 36437050 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy aims to activate the cancer patient's immune system for cancer therapy. The whole process of the immune system against cancer referred to as the "cancer immunity cycle", gives insight into how drugs can be designed to affect every step of the anticancer immune response. Cancer immunotherapy such as immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy, cancer vaccines, as well as small molecule modulators has been applied to fight various cancers. However, the effect of immunotherapy in clinical applications is still unsatisfactory due to the limited response rate and immune-related adverse events. Mounting evidence suggests that cell-based drug delivery systems (DDSs) with low immunogenicity, superior targeting, and prolonged circulation have great potential to improve the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. Therefore, with the rapid development of cell-based DDSs, understanding their important roles in various stages of the cancer immunity cycle guides the better design of cell-based cancer immunotherapy. Herein, an overview of how cell-based DDSs participate in cancer immunotherapy at various stages is presented and an outlook on possible challenges of clinical translation and application in future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyuan Fan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China
| | - Kaiyuan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China
| | - Qi Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China
| | - Yutong Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China
| | - Jin Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China
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27
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Current State of Immunotherapy and Mechanisms of Immune Evasion in Ewing Sarcoma and Osteosarcoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010272. [PMID: 36612267 PMCID: PMC9818129 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We argue here that in many ways, Ewing sarcoma (EwS) is a unique tumor entity and yet, it shares many commonalities with other immunologically cold solid malignancies. From the historical perspective, EwS, osteosarcoma (OS) and other bone and soft-tissue sarcomas were the first types of tumors treated with the immunotherapy approach: more than 100 years ago American surgeon William B. Coley injected his patients with a mixture of heat-inactivated bacteria, achieving survival rates apparently higher than with surgery alone. In contrast to OS which exhibits recurrent somatic copy-number alterations, EwS possesses one of the lowest mutation rates among cancers, being driven by a single oncogenic fusion protein, most frequently EWS-FLI1. In spite these differences, both EwS and OS are allied with immune tolerance and low immunogenicity. We discuss here the potential mechanisms of immune escape in these tumors, including low representation of tumor-specific antigens, low expression levels of MHC-I antigen-presenting molecules, accumulation of immunosuppressive M2 macrophages and myeloid proinflammatory cells, and release of extracellular vesicles (EVs) which are capable of reprogramming host cells in the tumor microenvironment and systemic circulation. We also discuss the vulnerabilities of EwS and OS and potential novel strategies for their targeting.
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28
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The Cytokine Network in Colorectal Cancer: Implications for New Treatment Strategies. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010138. [PMID: 36611932 PMCID: PMC9818504 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequent tumor entities worldwide with only limited therapeutic options. CRC is not only a genetic disease with several mutations in specific oncogenes and/or tumor suppressor genes such as APC, KRAS, PIC3CA, BRAF, SMAD4 or TP53 but also a multifactorial disease including environmental factors. Cancer cells communicate with their environment mostly via soluble factors such as cytokines, chemokines or growth factors to generate a favorable tumor microenvironment (TME). The TME, a heterogeneous population of differentiated and progenitor cells, plays a critical role in regulating tumor development, growth, invasion, metastasis and therapy resistance. In this context, cytokines from cancer cells and cells of the TME influence each other, eliciting an inflammatory milieu that can either enhance or suppress tumor growth and metastasis. Additionally, several lines of evidence exist that the composition of the microbiota regulates inflammatory processes, controlled by cytokine secretion, that play a role in carcinogenesis and tumor progression. In this review, we discuss the cytokine networks between cancer cells and the TME and microbiome in colorectal cancer and the related treatment strategies, with the goal to discuss cytokine-mediated strategies that could overcome the common therapeutic resistance of CRC tumors.
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Lipid Nanoparticles Delivering Constitutively Active STING mRNA to Stimulate Antitumor Immunity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314504. [PMID: 36498833 PMCID: PMC9739380 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Treating immunosuppressive tumors represents a major challenge in cancer therapies. Activation of STING signaling has shown remarkable potential to invigorate the immunologically "cold" tumor microenvironment (TME). However, we have shown that STING is silenced in many human cancers, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). In this study, we demonstrated that mRNA-lipid nanoparticle (LNP) technology could be used to efficiently deliver naturally occurring constitutively active STING mutant STINGR284S into these cancer cells to reactivate STING antitumor immunity and trigger robust killing of tumor cells. STING agonists are being actively pursued as cancer immunotherapies. However, traditional STING agonists can induce T cell cytotoxicity, counteracting the desired antitumor immune response. In addition, the antitumor efficacy of traditional STING agonists obligatorily depends on STING expression and does not work in STING-silenced cancers. Importantly, we found that STINGR284S mRNA-LNP does not introduce T cell cytotoxicity. Our studies demonstrated that mRNA-LNP delivery of STINGR284S can reactivate the antitumor response without introducing antiproliferative effects in lymphocytic immune cells, overcoming the toxicity and limitations of conventional STING agonists. Our work therefore identifies a novel therapeutic tool for reactivating antitumor immunity in an array of STING-silenced immunologically "cold" tumors that are refractory to current therapies.
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Wang X, Zhang Y, Wang S, Ni H, Zhao P, Chen G, Xu B, Yuan L. The role of CXCR3 and its ligands in cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1022688. [PMID: 36479091 PMCID: PMC9720144 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1022688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are a class of small cytokines or signaling proteins that are secreted by cells. Owing to their ability to induce directional chemotaxis of nearby responding cells, they are called chemotactic cytokines. Chemokines and chemokine receptors have now been shown to influence many cellular functions, including survival, adhesion, invasion, and proliferation, and regulate chemokine levels. Most malignant tumors express one or more chemokine receptors. The CXC subgroup of chemokine receptors, CXCR3, is mainly expressed on the surface of activated T cells, B cells, and natural killer cells, and plays an essential role in infection, autoimmune diseases, and tumor immunity by binding to specific receptors on target cell membranes to induce targeted migration and immune responses. It is vital to treat infections, autoimmune diseases, and tumors. CXCR3 and its ligands, CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11, are closely associated with the development and progression of many tumors. With the elucidation of its mechanism of action, CXCR3 is expected to become a new indicator for evaluating the prognosis of patients with tumors and a new target for clinical tumor immunotherapy. This article reviews the significance and mechanism of action of the chemokine receptor CXCR3 and its specific ligands in tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Wang
- Department of Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yangyang Zhang
- Department of Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sen Wang
- Department of Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongyan Ni
- Department of Surgery, Henan No.3 Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guangyu Chen
- Department of Immunotherapy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Benling Xu
- Department of Immunotherapy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Long Yuan
- Department of Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
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Zeng Q, Saghafinia S, Chryplewicz A, Fournier N, Christe L, Xie YQ, Guillot J, Yucel S, Li P, Galván JA, Karamitopoulou E, Zlobec I, Ataca D, Gallean F, Zhang P, Rodriguez-Calero JA, Rubin M, Tichet M, Homicsko K, Hanahan D. Aberrant hyperexpression of the RNA binding protein FMRP in tumors mediates immune evasion. Science 2022; 378:eabl7207. [DOI: 10.1126/science.abl7207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Many human cancers manifest the capability to circumvent attack by the adaptive immune system. In this work, we identified a component of immune evasion that involves frequent up-regulation of fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) in solid tumors. FMRP represses immune attack, as revealed by cancer cells engineered to lack its expression. FMRP-deficient tumors were infiltrated by activated T cells that impaired tumor growth and enhanced survival in mice. Mechanistically, FMRP’s immunosuppression was multifactorial, involving repression of the chemoattractant C-C motif chemokine ligand 7 (CCL7) concomitant with up-regulation of three immunomodulators—interleukin-33 (IL-33), tumor-secreted protein S (PROS1), and extracellular vesicles. Gene signatures associate FMRP’s cancer network with poor prognosis and response to therapy in cancer patients. Collectively, FMRP is implicated as a regulator that orchestrates a multifaceted barrier to antitumor immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqun Zeng
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Opna Bio SA, Biopole, 1066 Epalinges, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sadegh Saghafinia
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Opna Bio SA, Biopole, 1066 Epalinges, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Agnieszka Chryplewicz
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Agora Cancer Research Center, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nadine Fournier
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lucine Christe
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yu-Qing Xie
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jeremy Guillot
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Agora Cancer Research Center, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Simge Yucel
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Agora Cancer Research Center, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pumin Li
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Agora Cancer Research Center, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - José A. Galván
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Inti Zlobec
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Dalya Ataca
- Opna Bio SA, Biopole, 1066 Epalinges, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Peng Zhang
- Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing 100045, China
| | | | - Mark Rubin
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mélanie Tichet
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Agora Cancer Research Center, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Lausanne Branch, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Krisztian Homicsko
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Agora Cancer Research Center, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Lausanne Branch, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Cancer Center Leman (SCCL), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Douglas Hanahan
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Agora Cancer Research Center, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Lausanne Branch, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Cancer Center Leman (SCCL), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Atreya I, Neurath MF. How the Tumor Micromilieu Modulates the Recruitment and Activation of Colorectal Cancer-Infiltrating Lymphocytes. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10112940. [PMID: 36428508 PMCID: PMC9687992 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The successful treatment of advanced colorectal cancer disease still represents an insufficiently solved clinical challenge, which is further complicated by the fact that the majority of malignant colon tumors show only relatively low immunogenicity and therefore have only limited responsiveness to immunotherapeutic approaches, such as, for instance, the use of checkpoint inhibitors. As it has been well established over the past two decades that the local tumor microenvironment and, in particular, the quantity, quality, and activation status of intratumoral immune cells critically influence the clinical prognosis of patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer and their individual benefits from immunotherapy, the enhancement of the intratumoral accumulation of cytolytic effector T lymphocytes and other cellular mediators of the antitumor immune response has emerged as a targeted objective. For the future identification and clinical validation of novel therapeutic target structures, it will thus be essential to further decipher the molecular mechanisms and cellular interactions in the intestinal tumor microenvironment, which are crucially involved in immune cell recruitment and activation. In this context, our review article aims at providing an overview of the key chemokines and cytokines whose presence in the tumor micromilieu relevantly modulates the numeric composition and antitumor capacity of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imke Atreya
- Department of Medicine 1, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus F. Neurath
- Department of Medicine 1, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-9131-8535204; Fax: +49-9131-8535209
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Role of the cGAS-STING pathway in regulating the tumor-immune microenvironment in dMMR/MSI colorectal cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2022; 71:2765-2776. [PMID: 35429245 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-022-03200-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Deficient mismatch repair (dMMR)/microsatellite instability (MSI) colorectal cancer (CRC) has high immunogenicity and better prognosis compared with proficient MMR (pMMR)/microsatellite stable (MSS) CRC. Although the activation of the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway has been considered to contribute to the high number of CD8+ TILs, its role in dMMR/MSI CRC is largely unknown. In this study, to examine the role of the cGAS-STING pathway on the recruitment of CD8+ TILs in dMMR/MSI CRC, we used public datasets and clinical tissue samples in our cohorts to evaluate the expression of cGAS, STING, and CD8+ TILs in pMMR/MSS and dMMR/MSI CRCs. According to the analysis of public datasets, the expression of cGAS-STING, CD8 effector gene signature, and CXCL10-CCL5, chemoattractants for CD8+ TILs which regulated by the cGAS-STING pathway, was significantly upregulated in dMMR/MSI CRC, and the expression of cGAS-STING was significantly associated with the expression of CD8 effector gene signature. Immunohistochemistry staining of the clinical tissue samples (n = 283) revealed that cGAS-STING was highly expressed in tumor cells of dMMR CRC, and higher expression of cGAS-STING in tumor cells was significantly associated with the increased number of CD8+ TILs. Moreover, we demonstrated that the downregulation of MMR gene in human CRC cell lines enhanced the activation of the cGAS-STING pathway. Taken together, for the first time, we found that dMMR/MSI CRC has maintained a high level of cGAS-STING expression in tumor cells, which might contribute to abundant CD8+ TILs and immune-active TME.
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Li Y, Lei Y, Sun J, Zhang W, Li X, Chen S, Kong D, Chen C, Bi K, Luo X, Wang H, Li B, Luo H, Xu Y. A promising research direction for colorectal cancer immunotherapy: The regulatory mechanism of CCL5 in colorectal cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1020400. [PMID: 36387070 PMCID: PMC9664061 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1020400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer death worldwide, with high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop more effective treatments for CRC patients. In recent years, there has been some success in the immunotherapy of tumors, and immunotherapy has been used in many solid tumors including CRC. To date, the clinical efficacy of immunotherapy for CRC is limited, so more effective immunotherapy methods need to be explored. In patients with CRC, the CC chemokine CCL5 plays a role in the development of CRC and the recruitment and activation of immune cells, suggesting that it has potential for immunotherapy. This review mainly introduces the latest advances in the study of CCL5 acting as a marker of CRC and related mechanisms of immunotherapy, as well as the latest understanding of how CCL5 is involved in the invasion and development of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuansen Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yi Lei
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jiaxue Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Wanfu Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaogang Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Sijing Chen
- Yan’an Hospital of Kunming City, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Deshenyue Kong
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ke Bi
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiao Luo
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Yan’an Hospital of Kunming City, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Bo Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- *Correspondence: Yu Xu, ; Huayou Luo, ; Bo Li,
| | - Huayou Luo
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Institute of Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- *Correspondence: Yu Xu, ; Huayou Luo, ; Bo Li,
| | - Yu Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Yu Xu, ; Huayou Luo, ; Bo Li,
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Mellouk A, Hutteau-Hamel T, Legrand J, Safya H, Benbijja M, Mercier-Nomé F, Benihoud K, Kanellopoulos JM, Bobé P. P2X7 purinergic receptor plays a critical role in maintaining T-cell homeostasis and preventing lupus pathogenesis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:957008. [PMID: 36248812 PMCID: PMC9556828 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.957008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The severe lymphoproliferative and lupus diseases developed by MRL/lpr mice depend on interactions between the Faslpr mutation and MRL genetic background. Thus, the Faslpr mutation causes limited disease in C57BL/6 mice. We previously found that accumulating B220+ CD4–CD8– double negative (DN) T cells in MRL/lpr mice show defective P2X7 receptor ( P2X7)-induced cellular functions, suggesting that P2X7 contributes to T-cell homeostasis, along with Fas. Therefore, we generated a B6/lpr mouse strain (called B6/lpr-p2x7KO) carrying homozygous P2X7 knockout alleles. B6/lpr-p2x7KO mice accumulated high numbers of FasL-expressing B220+ DN T cells of CD45RBhighCD44high effector/memory CD8+ T-cell origin and developed severe lupus, characterized by leukocyte infiltration into the tissues, high levels of IgG anti-dsDNA and rheumatoid factor autoantibodies, and marked cytokine network dysregulation. B6/lpr-p2x7KO mice also exhibited a considerably reduced lifespan. P2X7 is therefore a novel regulator of T-cell homeostasis, of which cooperation with Fas is critical to prevent lymphoaccumulation and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amine Mellouk
- UMR 996, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Clamart, France
| | | | - Julie Legrand
- Institut André Lwoff, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France
| | - Hanaa Safya
- UMR 996, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Clamart, France
| | - Mohcine Benbijja
- Institut André Lwoff, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France
| | - Françoise Mercier-Nomé
- UMR 996, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Clamart, France
- Plateforme d’Histologie Immunopathologie de Clamart, IPSIT, INSERM, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Karim Benihoud
- UMR 9018, Institut Gustave Roussy, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Jean M. Kanellopoulos
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Pierre Bobé
- UMR 996, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Clamart, France
- Institut André Lwoff, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France
- *Correspondence: Pierre Bobé,
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IP-10 enhances the amplification capacity and antitumor activity of CAR-T cells in vitro and could influence positive outcomes in MM patients treated with CAR-T cell therapy. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 112:109253. [PMID: 36179419 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has shown impressive outcomes in haematologic malignancies. However, many patients experience a limited response and tumour relapse because of poor expansion and transport. Fourth-generation CARs address some of the limitations of CAR-T cell therapy, and cytokines are frequently included in fourth-generation CARs due to their importance in T cell development and homeostasis. However, new explorations are still needed to provide more desirable possibilities. Here, we first analysed clinical data from 18 patients with multiple myeloma (MM) who received immunotherapy with BCMA-CAR-T cells. The data showed that the basal serum level of IP-10 was correlated with patient outcomes one year after CAR-T cell therapy and that a higher basal serum level of IP-10 was positively associated with progression-free survival (PFS). Next, we performed in vitro experiments using flow cytometry-based assays, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and cytotoxicity assays. The data verified that IP-10 can effectively stimulate the chemotaxis of CD8+ CAR-T cells. In addition, CAR-T cells cultured in IP-10-supplemented medium had a greater proliferation ability and a more powerful ability to kill tumour cells at a lower effector: target ratio. Thus, our findings demonstrate that IP-10 can enhance the function of CAR-T cells, which has important implications for improving CAR-T cell immunotherapy for haematologic malignancies.
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Hu A, Zhu J, Zeng C, Lin CH, Yu J, Liu JQ, Lynch K, Talebian F, Pan X, Yan J, Dong Y, Li Z, Bai XF. IL-27 Induces CCL5 Production by T Lymphocytes, Which Contributes to Antitumor Activity. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:2239-2245. [PMID: 35418466 PMCID: PMC9050872 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
IL-27 is a pleiotropic cytokine that exhibits stimulatory/regulatory functions on multiple lineages of immune cells including T lymphocytes. In this study, we demonstrate that IL-27 directly induces CCL5 production by T lymphocytes, particularly CD8+ T cells in vitro and in vivo. IL-27-induced CCL5 production is IL-27R-dependent. In CD4+ T cells, IL-27-induced CCL5 production was primarily dependent on Stat1 activation, whereas in CD8+ T cells, Stat1 deficiency does not abrogate CCL5 induction. A chromatin immunoprecipitation assay revealed that in the CCL5 promoter region, both putative Stat3 binding sites exhibit significant binding to Stat3, whereas only one out of four Stat1 binding sites displays moderate binding to Stat1. In tumor-bearing mice, IL-27 induced dramatic production of CCL5 in tumor-infiltrating T cells. IL-27-induced CCL5 appears to contribute to an IL-27-mediated antitumor effect. This is signified by diminished tumor inhibition in anti-CCL5- and IL-27-treated mice. Additionally, intratumor delivery of CCL5 mRNA using lipid nanoparticles significantly inhibited tumor growth. Thus, IL-27 induces robust CCL5 production by T cells, which contributes to antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiyan Hu
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Jianmin Zhu
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Chunxi Zeng
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Cho-Hao Lin
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Jianyu Yu
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Jin-Qing Liu
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Kimberly Lynch
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Fatemeh Talebian
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Xueliang Pan
- Center for Biostatistics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Jingyue Yan
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; and
| | - Yizhou Dong
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; and
| | - Zihai Li
- Institute for Immuno-Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Xue-Feng Bai
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH;
- Institute for Immuno-Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
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Intravenous Oncolytic Vaccinia Virus Therapy Results in a Differential Immune Response between Cancer Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14092181. [PMID: 35565310 PMCID: PMC9103071 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Oncolytic viruses (OVs) have been extensively studied as an immunotherapeutic agent against a variety of cancers with some successes. Immunotherapeutic strategies, such as OVs, aim to transform an immunologically ‘cold’ tumour microenvironment into a more favourable inflammatory ‘hot’ tumour. However, it is evident that not all patients have a favourable response to treatment. Furthermore, reliable biomarkers able to predict a patient’s response to therapy have not yet been elucidated. We show evidence of a distinct immunologically exhausted profile in patients who do not respond to OV, which may pave the way for the development of predictive biomarkers leading to a more personalised approach to cancer treatment using combination therapies. Abstract Pexa-Vec is an engineered Wyeth-strain vaccinia oncolytic virus (OV), which has been tested extensively in clinical trials, demonstrating enhanced cytotoxic T cell infiltration into tumours following treatment. Favourable immune consequences to Pexa-Vec include the induction of an interferon (IFN) response, followed by inflammatory cytokine/chemokine secretion. This promotes tumour immune infiltration, innate and adaptive immune cell activation and T cell priming, culminating in targeted tumour cell killing, i.e., an immunologically ‘cold’ tumour microenvironment is transformed into a ‘hot’ tumour. However, as with all immunotherapies, not all patients respond in a uniformly favourable manner. Our study herein, shows a differential immune response by patients to intravenous Pexa-Vec therapy, whereby some patients responded to the virus in a typical and expected manner, demonstrating a significant IFN induction and subsequent peripheral immune activation. However, other patients experienced a markedly subdued immune response and appeared to exhibit an exhausted phenotype at baseline, characterised by higher baseline immune checkpoint expression and regulatory T cell (Treg) levels. This differential baseline immunological profile accurately predicted the subsequent response to Pexa-Vec and may, therefore, enable the development of predictive biomarkers for Pexa-Vec and OV therapies more widely. If confirmed in larger clinical trials, these immunological biomarkers may enable a personalised approach, whereby patients with an exhausted baseline immune profile are treated with immune checkpoint blockade, with the aim of reversing immune exhaustion, prior to or alongside OV therapy.
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Extracellular vesicles from triple negative breast cancer promote pro-inflammatory macrophages associated with better clinical outcome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2107394119. [PMID: 35439048 PMCID: PMC9169908 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2107394119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Our work uncovers mechanisms by which tumor cells impact tumor-associated macrophages in human triple-negative breast cancer. Via extracellular vesicles (EVs), these tumors promote macrophages with proinflammatory features, correlated with better clinical outcome. Our results suggest exploration of these EVs as tools, alone, or in combination with other therapies, to promote a favorable environment for the generation of anti-tumor immune responses. Tumor associated macrophages (TAMs), which differentiate from circulating monocytes, are pervasive across human cancers and comprise heterogeneous populations. The contribution of tumor-derived signals to TAM heterogeneity is not well understood. In particular, tumors release both soluble factors and extracellular vesicles (EVs), whose respective impact on TAM precursors may be different. Here, we show that triple negative breast cancer cells (TNBCs) release EVs and soluble molecules promoting monocyte differentiation toward distinct macrophage fates. EVs specifically promoted proinflammatory macrophages bearing an interferon response signature. The combination in TNBC EVs of surface CSF-1 promoting survival and cargoes promoting cGAS/STING or other activation pathways led to differentiation of this particular macrophage subset. Notably, macrophages expressing the EV-induced signature were found among patients’ TAMs. Furthermore, higher expression of this signature was associated with T cell infiltration and extended patient survival. Together, this data indicates that TNBC-released CSF-1-bearing EVs promote a tumor immune microenvironment associated with a better prognosis in TNBC patients.
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Chen SY, Mamai O, Akhurst RJ. TGFβ: Signaling Blockade for Cancer Immunotherapy. ANNUAL REVIEW OF CANCER BIOLOGY 2022; 6:123-146. [PMID: 36382146 PMCID: PMC9645596 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cancerbio-070620-103554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Discovered over four decades ago, transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) is a potent pleiotropic cytokine that has context-dependent effects on most cell types. It acts as a tumor suppressor in some cancers and/or supports tumor progression and metastasis through its effects on the tumor stroma and immune microenvironment. In TGFβ-responsive tumors it can promote invasion and metastasis through epithelial-mesenchymal transformation, the appearance of cancer stem cell features, and resistance to many drug classes, including checkpoint blockade immunotherapies. Here we consider the biological activities of TGFβ action on different cells of relevance toward improving immunotherapy outcomes for patients, with a focus on the adaptive immune system. We discuss recent advances in the development of drugs that target the TGFβ signaling pathway in a tumor-specific or cell type–specific manner to improve the therapeutic window between response rates and adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szu-Ying Chen
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ons Mamai
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Rosemary J. Akhurst
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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Liang Z, He P, Han Y, Yun CC. Survival of Stem Cells and Progenitors in the Intestine Is Regulated by LPA 5-Dependent Signaling. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 14:129-150. [PMID: 35390517 PMCID: PMC9120264 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Regeneration of the epithelium by stem cells in the intestine is supported by intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a bioactive lipid mediator, regulates many cellular functions, including cell proliferation, survival, and cytokine secretion. Here, we identify LPA5 receptor as a potent regulator of the survival of stem cells and transit-amplifying cells in the intestine. METHODS We have used genetic mouse models of conditional deletion of Lpar5, Lpar5f/f;Rosa-CreERT (Lpar5KO), and intestinal epithelial cell-specific Lpar5f/f;AhCre (Lpar5IECKO) mice. Mice were treated with tamoxifen or β-naphthoflavone to delete Lpar5 expression. Enteroids derived from these mice were used to determine the effect of Lpar5 loss on the apoptosis and proliferation of crypt epithelial cells. RESULTS Conditional loss of Lpar5 induced ablation of the intestinal mucosa, which increased morbidity of Lpar5KO mice. Epithelial regeneration was compromised with increased apoptosis and decreased proliferation of crypt epithelial cells by Lpar5 loss. Interestingly, intestinal epithelial cell-specific Lpar5 loss did not cause similar phenotypic defects in vivo. Lpar5 loss reduced intestinal stem cell marker gene expression and reduced lineage tracing from Lgr5+ ISCs. Lpar5 loss induced CXCL10 expression which exerts cytotoxic effects on intestinal stem cells and progenitors in the intestinal crypts. By co-culturing Lpar5KO enteroids with wild-type or Lpar5KO splenocytes, we demonstrated that lymphocytes protect the intestinal crypts via a LPA5-dependent suppression of CXCL10. CONCLUSIONS LPA5 is essential for the regeneration of intestinal epithelium. Our findings reveal a new finding that LPA5 regulates survival of stem cells and transit-amplifying cells in the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxing Liang
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Peijian He
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Yiran Han
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - C. Chris Yun
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia,Gastroenterology Research, Atlanta Veterans Administration Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Chris Yun, PhD, Division of Digestive Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30324. fax: (404) 727-5767.
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Dobroch J, Bojczuk K, Kołakowski A, Baczewska M, Knapp P. The Exploration of Chemokines Importance in the Pathogenesis and Development of Endometrial Cancer. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27072041. [PMID: 35408440 PMCID: PMC9000631 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is one of the most frequent female malignancies. Because of a characteristic symptom, vaginal bleeding, EC is often diagnosed in an early stage. Despite that, some EC cases present an atypical course with rapid progression and poor prognosis. There have been multiple studies conducted on molecular profiling of EC in order to improve diagnostics and introduce personalized treatment. Chemokines—a protein family that contributes to inflammatory processes that may promote carcinogenesis—constitute an area of interest. Some chemokines and their receptors present alterations in expression in tumor microenvironment. CXCL12, which binds the receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7, is known for its impact on neoplastic cell proliferation, neovascularization and promotion of epidermal–mesenchymal transition. The CCL2–CCR2 axis additionally plays a pivotal role in EC with mutations in the LKB1 gene and activates tumor-associated macrophages. CCL20 and CCR6 are influenced by the RANK/RANKL pathway and alter the function of lymphocytes and dendritic cells. Another axis, CXCL10–CXCR3, affects the function of NK-cells and, interestingly, presents different roles in various types of tumors. This review article consists of analysis of studies that included the roles of the aforementioned chemokines in EC pathogenesis. Alterations in chemokine expression are described, and possible applications of drugs targeting chemokines are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Dobroch
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland; (K.B.); (A.K.); (M.B.); (P.K.)
- University Oncology Center, University Clinical Hospital in Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-662735369
| | - Klaudia Bojczuk
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland; (K.B.); (A.K.); (M.B.); (P.K.)
| | - Adrian Kołakowski
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland; (K.B.); (A.K.); (M.B.); (P.K.)
| | - Marta Baczewska
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland; (K.B.); (A.K.); (M.B.); (P.K.)
- University Oncology Center, University Clinical Hospital in Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Paweł Knapp
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland; (K.B.); (A.K.); (M.B.); (P.K.)
- University Oncology Center, University Clinical Hospital in Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
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MYC inhibition reprograms tumor immune microenvironment by recruiting T lymphocytes and activating the CD40/CD40L system in osteosarcoma. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:117. [PMID: 35292660 PMCID: PMC8924240 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-00923-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy depends on sufficient infiltration and activation of primed tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in the tumor microenvironment. However, many tumor types, including osteosarcoma, mainly display immune-desert or immune-excluded phenotypes, which are characterized by a lack of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and a poor response to ICB monotherapy. Thus, novel therapeutic strategies are urgently needed to surmount these obstacles. In this study, we found that the expression of the c-Myc oncogene is negatively correlated with the T cell infiltration rate in osteosarcoma. Pharmacological inhibition of c-Myc with JQ-1 significantly reduced tumor burden and improved overall survival in an immunocompetent syngeneic murine model of osteosarcoma (K7M2). A mechanistic study revealed that JQ-1 administration dramatically reprogrammed the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) within K7M2 tumors. On the one hand, JQ-1 can promote T cell trafficking into tumors by increasing the expression and secretion of T cell-recruiting chemokines. On the other hand, JQ-1 is capable of facilitating crosstalk between antigen-presenting dendritic cells and T cells through the CD40/CD40L costimulatory pathway, leading to activation of tumor-specific CTLs. Combined treatment with anti-PD-1 antibody and JQ-1 resulted in more pronounced tumor regression than either monotherapy, showing an obvious synergistic effect. These findings uncover for the first time that c-Myc inhibition can promote T cell infiltration and activation in osteosarcoma in multiple ways, delivering a one-two punch for modulating TIME. The present work also provides the basis for establishing c-Myc inhibitor and ICB coadministration as a novel therapeutic regimen for patients with osteosarcoma.
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Han X, Wei Q, Lv Y, Weng L, Huang H, Wei Q, Li M, Mao Y, Hua D, Cai X, Cao M, Cao P. Ginseng-derived nanoparticles potentiate immune checkpoint antibody efficacy by reprogramming the cold tumor microenvironment. Mol Ther 2022; 30:327-340. [PMID: 34450250 PMCID: PMC8753455 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cold tumor microenvironment (TME) marked with low effector T cell infiltration leads to weak response to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment. Thus, switching cold to hot TME is critical to improve potent ICI therapy. Previously, we reported extracellular vesicle (EV)-like ginseng-derived nanoparticles (GDNPs) that were isolated from Panax ginseng C.A. Mey and can alter M2 polarization to delay the hot tumor B16F10 progression. However, the cold tumor is more common and challenging in the real world. Here, we explored a combinatorial strategy with both GDNPs and PD-1 (programmed cell death protein-1) monoclonal antibody (mAb), which exhibited the ability to alter cold TME and subsequently induce a durable systemic anti-tumor immunity in multiple murine tumor models. GDNPs enhanced PD-1 mAb anti-tumor efficacy in activating tumor-infiltrated T lymphocytes. Our results demonstrated that GDNPs could reprogram tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) to increase CCL5 and CXCL9 secretion for recruiting CD8+ T cells into the tumor bed, which have the synergism to PD-1 mAb therapy with no detected systemic toxicity. In situ activation of TAMs by GDNPs may broadly serve as a facile platform to modulate the suppressive cold TME and optimize the PD-1 mAb immunotherapy in future clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Han
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qin Wei
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Lv
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ling Weng
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haoying Huang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qingyun Wei
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengyuan Li
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Rd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Yujie Mao
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Di Hua
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xueting Cai
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meng Cao
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China,Corresponding author: Meng Cao, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Peng Cao
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China,College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Rd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China,Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China,Corresponding author: Peng Cao, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Rd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
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Luo Y, Chen Z, Sun M, Li B, Pan F, Ma A, Liao J, Yin T, Tang X, Huang G, Zhang B, Pan H, Zheng M, Cai L. IL-12 nanochaperone-engineered CAR T cell for robust tumor-immunotherapy. Biomaterials 2021; 281:121341. [PMID: 34995901 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Although chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR T) cell immunotherapy has demonstrated remarkable success in clinical, therapeutic effects are still limited in solid tumor due to lack of activated T cell infiltration in immunosuppression of tumor microenvironment. Herein, we develop IL-12 nanostimulant-engineered CAR T cell (INS-CAR T) biohybrids for boosting antitumor immunity of CAR T cells via immunofeedback. As stimulating nanochaperone, IL-12-loaded human serum albumin (HSA) nanoparticles are effectively conjugated onto CAR T cells via bioorthogonal chemistry without influencing their antitumor capabilities. IL-12 is responsively released from INS-CAR T biohybrids in presence of the increased thiol groups on cell-surface triggered by tumor antigens. In return, released IL-12 obviously promotes the secretion of CCL5, CCL2 and CXCL10, which further selectively recruits and expands CD8+ CAR T cells in tumors. Ultimately, the immune-enhancing effects of IL-12 nanochaperone significantly boost CAR T cell antitumor capabilities, dramatically eliminated solid tumor and minimized unwanted side effects. Hence, immunofeedback INS-CAR T biohybrids, which include INS that serves as an intelligent 'nanochaperone', could provide a powerful tool for efficient and safe antitumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingmei Luo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, CAS-HK Joint Lab of Biomaterials, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China; Key Laboratory for Nanomedicine, Department of Histology and Embryology and School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, PR China
| | - Ze Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, CAS-HK Joint Lab of Biomaterials, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Mingjian Sun
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Baohong Li
- Key Laboratory for Nanomedicine, Department of Histology and Embryology and School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, PR China
| | - Fan Pan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, CAS-HK Joint Lab of Biomaterials, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Aiqing Ma
- Key Laboratory for Nanomedicine, Department of Histology and Embryology and School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, PR China
| | - Jianhong Liao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, CAS-HK Joint Lab of Biomaterials, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Ting Yin
- Key Laboratory for Nanomedicine, Department of Histology and Embryology and School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, PR China
| | - Xiaofan Tang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, CAS-HK Joint Lab of Biomaterials, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Guojun Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, CAS-HK Joint Lab of Biomaterials, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Baozhen Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, CAS-HK Joint Lab of Biomaterials, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Hong Pan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, CAS-HK Joint Lab of Biomaterials, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China.
| | - Mingbin Zheng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, CAS-HK Joint Lab of Biomaterials, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen, 518112, PR China; Key Laboratory for Nanomedicine, Department of Histology and Embryology and School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, PR China; Zhuhai Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences, 519000, Zhuhai, PR China.
| | - Lintao Cai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, CAS-HK Joint Lab of Biomaterials, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China; Zhuhai Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences, 519000, Zhuhai, PR China.
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Dholakia J, Scalise CB, Katre AA, Goldsberry WN, Meza-Perez S, Randall TD, Norian LA, Novak L, Arend RC. Sequential modulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway enhances tumor-intrinsic MHC I expression and tumor clearance. Gynecol Oncol 2021; 164:170-180. [PMID: 34844776 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2021.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Progress in immunotherapy use for gynecologic malignancies is hampered by poor tumor antigenicity and weak T cell infiltration of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Wnt/β-catenin pathway modulation demonstrated patient benefit in clinical trials as well as enhanced immune cell recruitment in preclinical studies. The purpose of this study was to characterize the pathways by which Wnt/β-catenin modulation facilitates a more immunotherapy-favorable TME. METHODS Human tumor samples and in vivo patient-derived xenograft and syngeneic murine models were administered Wnt/β-catenin modulating agents DKN-01 and CGX-1321 individually or in sequence. Analytical methods included immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, multiplex cytokine/chemokine array, and RNA sequencing. RESULTS DKK1 blockade via DKN-01 increased HLA/MHC expression in human and murine tissues, correlating with heightened expression of known MHC I regulators: NFkB, IL-1, LPS, and IFNy. PORCN inhibition via CGX-1321 increased production of T cell chemoattractant CXCL10, providing a mechanism for observed increases in intra-tumoral T cells. Diverse leukocyte recruitment was noted with elevations in B cells and macrophages, with increased tumor expression of population-specific chemokines. Sequential DKK1 blockade and PORCN inhibition decreased tumor burden as evidenced by reduced omental weights. CONCLUSIONS Wnt/β-catenin pathway modulation increases MHC I expression and promotes tumor leukocytic infiltration, facilitating a pro-immune TME associated with decreased tumor burden. This intervention overcomes common tumor immune-evasion mechanisms and may render ovarian tumors susceptible to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhalak Dholakia
- University of Alabama in Birmingham, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Carly B Scalise
- University of Alabama in Birmingham, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Ashwini A Katre
- University of Alabama in Birmingham, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Whitney N Goldsberry
- University of Alabama in Birmingham, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Selene Meza-Perez
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Division of Immunology & Rheumatology, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Troy D Randall
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Division of Immunology & Rheumatology, Birmingham, AL, United States of America; University of Alabama at Birmingham, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Lyse A Norian
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, Birmingham, AL, United States of America; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Nutrition Sciences, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Lea Novak
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Anatomic Pathology, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Rebecca C Arend
- University of Alabama in Birmingham, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Birmingham, AL, United States of America; University of Alabama at Birmingham, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, Birmingham, AL, United States of America.
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Xuan X, Wang Y, Sun Y, Huang C. Identification of Genes Potentially Associated with Melanoma Tumorigenesis Through Co-Expression Network Analysis. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:8495-8508. [PMID: 34824546 PMCID: PMC8610383 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s336295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Melanoma is one of the most malignant and aggressive skin tumors, and its incidence is increasing worldwide. However, few studies have investigated the process of tumorigenesis from normal skin to melanoma. Methods Several bioinformatics analyses, including GEO databases, Oncomine database, TCGA database, STRING, MCODE and cytoHubba plug-ins, GEPIA, TIMER and TRRUST and DGIdb, were performed to disclose the hub genes and immunology implicated in primary melanoma tumorigenesis. Finally, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) were used to validate the results of bioinformatics analysis in vitro. Results A total of 295 overlapping DEGs (ODEGs) (157 upregulated and 138 downregulated) and 9 hub genes were identified between primary melanoma and normal skin tissues. Functional analysis of these 9 hub genes indicated that the genes were primarily enriched in cell chemotaxis, the chemokine-mediated signaling pathway, the extracellular region, the extracellular space, chemokine activity and CXCR3 chemokine receptor binding. KEGG pathway enrichment showed that these genes were primarily involved in the chemokine signaling pathway, cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction, the toll-like receptor signaling pathway, the cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway and the TNF signaling pathway. Upregulated CCL5, CCL4, CXCL9 and CXCL10 demonstrated good overall survival (OS), and most of them have a higher expression in stage 0 and 1 of melanoma. Moreover, immune infiltration analysis showed that the above hub genes showed a strong positive correlation between their expression and infiltration of the six immune cell subsets. Transcription factor regulation network suggested that RELA and NFKB1 are the transcription factors of CCL4, CCL5, CXCL10 and CXCL2, while IRF7, IRF3 and IRF1 are the transcription factors of CCL5 and CXCL10. Drug–gene interaction analysis identified 46 drug–gene interactions. In vitro data demonstrated that the level of CCL4, CCL5, CXCL9 and CXCL10 is higher in melanoma than that in normal skin tissues, either at tissue or cell lines level. Conclusion In summary, we identified 4 key chemokine members related to tumorigenesis and progression in primary melanoma, and these results may help to elucidate melanoma tumorigenesis and facilitate its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyun Xuan
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqi Wang
- Department of Radiology, Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhong Sun
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Changzheng Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, People's Republic of China
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Huntington KE, Louie A, Zhou L, El-Deiry WS. A high-throughput customized cytokinome screen of colon cancer cell responses to small-molecule oncology drugs. Oncotarget 2021; 12:1980-1991. [PMID: 34611474 PMCID: PMC8487726 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors are molecular messengers that circulate and have the capability to modify the tumor microenvironment and impact therapeutic response. The characterization of soluble mediators as biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis is of interest in oncology. We utilize the cytokinome to characterize the response of colorectal tumor cell lines to selected small-molecules in oncology as a proof-of-concept dataset with immunomodulatory analyte heat map rankings for drug and cell line combinations. We observed overall trends in drug class effects with MEK-, BRAF-, PARP-inhibitors, and Imipridones in cytokine, chemokine, and growth factor responses that may help guide therapy selection. MEK-inhibitor treatment downregulated analytes VEGF, CXCL9/MIG, and IL-8/CXCL8 and upregulated CXCL14/BRAK, Prolactin, and CCL5/RANTES. BRAF-inhibitor treatment downregulated VEGF and IL-8/CXCL8, while increasing soluble TRAIL-R2. Treatment with PARP-inhibitors decreased CXCL9/MIG, IL-8/CXCL8, CCL3/MIP-1 alpha, VEGF, and CXCL14/BRAK, while treatment increased soluble TRAIL-R2 and prolactin. Treatment with Imipridones decreased CCL3/MIP-1 alpha, VEGF, CXCL14/BRAK, IL-8/CXCL8, and Prolactin and increased CXCL5/ENA-78. We also observed differential responses to therapeutics depending on the mutational profile of the cell line. In the future, a similar but larger dataset may be utilized in the clinic to aid in the prediction of patient response to immunomodulatory therapies based on tumor genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey E. Huntington
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- The Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and Lifespan Health System, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Cancer Center at Brown University, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Pathobiology Graduate Program, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Anna Louie
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- The Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and Lifespan Health System, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Cancer Center at Brown University, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Department of Surgery, Brown University, Lifespan Health System and Warren, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Lanlan Zhou
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- The Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and Lifespan Health System, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Cancer Center at Brown University, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Wafik S. El-Deiry
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- The Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and Lifespan Health System, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Cancer Center at Brown University, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Pathobiology Graduate Program, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
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49
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Contribution of CXCR3-mediated signaling in the metastatic cascade of solid malignancies. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188628. [PMID: 34560199 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is a significant cause of the mortality resulting from solid malignancies. The process of metastasis is complex and is regulated by numerous cancer cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic factors. CXCR3 is a chemokine receptor that is frequently expressed by cancer cells, endothelial cells and immune cells. CXCR3A signaling in cancer cells tends to promote the invasive and migratory phenotype of cancer cells. Indirectly, CXCR3 modulates the anti-tumor immune response resulting in variable effects that can permit or inhibit metastatic progression. Finally, the activity of CXCR3B in endothelial cells is generally angiostatic, which limits the access of cancer cells to key conduits to secondary sites. However, the interaction of these activities within a tumor and the presence of opposing CXCR3 splice variants clouds the picture of the role of CXCR3 in metastasis. Consequently, thorough analysis of the contributions of CXCR3 to cancer metastasis is necessary. This review is an in-depth examination of the involvement of CXCR3 in the metastatic process of solid malignancies.
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50
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Zhang J, Tao J, Gao RN, Wei ZY, He YS, Ren CY, Li QC, Liu YS, Wang KW, Yang G, Qian C, Chen JH. Cytotoxic T-Cell Trafficking Chemokine Profiles Correlate With Defined Mucosal Microbial Communities in Colorectal Cancer. Front Immunol 2021; 12:715559. [PMID: 34539647 PMCID: PMC8442671 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.715559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The involvement of gut microbiota in T-cell trafficking into tumor tissue of colorectal cancer (CRC) remains to be further elucidated. The current study aimed to evaluate the expression of major cytotoxic T-cell trafficking chemokines (CTTCs) and chemokine-associated microbiota profiles in both tumor and adjacent normal tissues during CRC progression. We analyzed the expression of chemokine C-X-C motif ligands 9, 10, and 11 (CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11), and C-C motif ligand 5 (CCL5), characterized gut mucosa-associated microbiota (MAM), and investigated their correlations in CRC patients. Our results showed that the expression of CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 was significantly higher in tumor than in adjacent normal tissues in 136 CRC patients. Notably, the high expression of CXCL9 in tumor tissues was associated with enhanced CD8+ T-cell infiltration and improved survival. Moreover, the MAM in tumor tissues showed reduction of microbial diversity and increase of oral bacteria. Microbial network analysis identified differences in microbial composition and structure between tumor and adjacent normal tissues. In addition, stronger associations between oral bacteria and other gut microbes were observed. Furthermore, the correlation analysis between the defined MAM and individual CTTCs showed that the CTTCs' correlated operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in tumor and adjacent normal tissues rarely overlap with each other. Notably, all the enriched OTUs were positively correlated with the CTTCs in either tumor or adjacent normal tissues. Our findings demonstrated stronger interactions between oral bacteria and gut microbes, and a shifted correlation pattern between MAM and major CTTCs in tumor tissues, underlining possible mechanisms of gut microbiota-host interaction in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Zhang
- Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Central Laboratory, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji Tao
- Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ruo-Nan Gao
- Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Wei
- Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yu-Shan He
- Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Chun-Yan Ren
- Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Qi-Chun Li
- Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yan-Shan Liu
- Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ke-Wei Wang
- Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Department of Hospital Infection, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Gong Yang
- Central Laboratory, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengjia Qian
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jian-Huan Chen
- Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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