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Fateh HL, Izadi N, Rezaeian S, Najafi F, Shakiba E, Darbandi M, Pasdar Y. Healthy beverage index is associated with metabolic syndrome: insights from the Ravansar non-communicable disease (RaNCD) cohort study. BMC Nutr 2024; 10:131. [PMID: 39354617 PMCID: PMC11445967 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-024-00940-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/26/2024] [Indexed: 10/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary patterns play a crucial role in the development and management of metabolic syndrome (MetS). The Healthy Beverage Index (HBI) is a novel tool that assesses the quality of beverage choices in the diet and provides insights into their potential impact on metabolic health. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the HBI and the MetS. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted using data collected at baseline from the Ravansar Noncommunicable Disease Cohort Study. A total of 9,025 participants aged 35 to 65 years were included in the analysis. HBI was calculated using food items from the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). MetS status was defined according to established criteria, and logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association between HBI scores and MetS, adjusting for potential confounding variables. RESULTS In our study, 41.13% of the population was found to have MetS, with a significant association between MetS and tertiles of HBI. Furthermore, the logistic regression model showed a significant inverse association between HBI scores and the odds of developing a MetS (OR = 0.90; 95% CI: 0.86, 0.94), even after adjusting for confounding factors, emphasizing the potential protective effect of higher HBI scores. CONCLUSION Increased HBI scores were associated with lower risk of MetS, emphasizing the importance of choosing health-promoting beverages in controlling MetS. These findings support the association between dietary habits and metabolic health and provide practical guidance for individuals and public health initiatives aimed at improving metabolic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hawal Lateef Fateh
- Nursing Department, Kalar Technical Institute, Garmian Polytechnic University, Kalar, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Neda Izadi
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahab Rezaeian
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Farid Najafi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Shakiba
- Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mitra Darbandi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Yahya Pasdar
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Nutritional Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Wang L, Wen S, Li X, Maxwell A, Chi H, Fan S, Wang G, Guo Q, Lu P. Associations between soft drinks intake and primary dysmenorrhea among Chinese undergraduate female students. Sci Rep 2024; 14:21210. [PMID: 39261539 PMCID: PMC11390748 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-71802-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) is a common global health concern. However, limited studies explored the association between soft drinks intake and PD among female undergraduates in China. To determine the association between soft drinks (carbonated soft drinks, etc.) as well coffee intake and the incidence/severity of PD among female undergraduates in China. We performed a cross-sectional study among 1809 female undergraduates in China from September 29, 2020 to October 22, 2020. The demographic information and menstrual information of the participants were collected by a self-administrated questionnaire. Chi-square test, ANOVA test, and logistic regression test were used to investigate the association between soft drinks intake and the incidence/severity of PD. We also conducted stratification analysis among different locations (rural or urban). The prevalence of PD was 47.1% (n = 852). There were 221 (25.9%) participants suffered from severe pain. In the participants with PD, the OR of carbonated soft drinks intake was 1.244 (95% CI 1.010-1.533). Among the participants with PD from rural areas, the OR of carbonated soft drinks intake was 1.402 (95% CI 1.045-1.881), compared with the non-carbonated soft drink group. In the participants with moderate and severe PD, the OR of coffee intake was 0.451 (95% CI 0.228-0.892), compared with the non-coffee-drinking group. There was a significant association between carbonated soft drinks intake frequency and the severity of PD (P < 0.05). Our study showed that carbonated soft drinks intake is a risk factor for PD, especially in participants from rural areas. Coffee intake is a protective factor for the severity of PD. Periodical awareness programs about adverse effects of excessive soft drink consumption should be introduced to reduce the prevalence and exacerbation of PD. Coffee intake might be helpful to relieve the severity of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijiao Wang
- School of Public Health, Binzhou Medical University, No. 346 Guanhai Road, Laishan District, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Shuo Wen
- School of Public Health, Binzhou Medical University, No. 346 Guanhai Road, Laishan District, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Xinyuan Li
- School of Public Health, Binzhou Medical University, No. 346 Guanhai Road, Laishan District, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Ahiafor Maxwell
- Tsinghua Medicine - School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hanwei Chi
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Shijie Fan
- School of Public Health, Binzhou Medical University, No. 346 Guanhai Road, Laishan District, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Guanghe Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- College of Child Development and Education, Zhejiang Normal University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Peng Lu
- School of Public Health, Binzhou Medical University, No. 346 Guanhai Road, Laishan District, Yantai, Shandong, China.
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Kim YS, Kim HJ. Health-Related Behaviors and Perceived Health Status According to Water and Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Intake in Korean Adolescents. Nutrients 2024; 16:3038. [PMID: 39275353 PMCID: PMC11397006 DOI: 10.3390/nu16173038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between water and sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake, health behaviors, and self-perceived health status using data from the 2019 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (KYRBS). The subjects included in this analysis were 57,302 Korean adolescents from the 7th to 12th grades. The intake patterns of water and SSBs were categorized into four groups: Group I, adequate water intake (≥4 cups/day) and low frequency of SSB intake (≤1-2 times/week); Group II, adequate water intake and high frequency of SSB intake; Group III, inadequate water intake (<4 cups/day) and low frequency of SSB intake; Group IV, inadequate water intake and high frequency of SSB intake (≥3 times/week). Complex sample analyses were used for considering strata, clusters, and weights for samples. Significant differences were observed in the distribution of sociodemographic characteristics between the water and SSB intake groups. As grade levels increased or if students were female, there was a significant increase in the proportion of students characterized by low water intake and high consumption of SSB. Adolescents with healthier beverage habits, characterized by adequate water intake and low frequency of SSB consumption (Group I), generally abstained from smoking and alcohol, were more physically active, and maintained a desirable diet, reporting a better perceived health status. In contrast, those with higher SSB consumption and inadequate water intake (Group IV) were more likely to perceive their health as poor, with higher rates of smoking and alcohol use, lower physical activity levels, and poorer dietary habits compared to Group I. In conclusion, adolescents with desirable beverage consumption habits differed by sex and grade and they reported positive health behaviors and better overall health status. This suggests that there is a need for more active education and intervention in schools and families, as well as increased efforts by adolescents to promote healthy beverage habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Sun Kim
- Department of Home Economics Education, College of Education, Kangwon National University, 1 Gangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon-si 25913, Gangwon State, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ja Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Gangneung-Wonju National University, 7 Jukheon-gil, Gangneung-si 25457, Gangwon State, Republic of Korea
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Yang Y, Lin H, Fu X. Fermentation of Pyropia spp. seaweed: a comprehensive review on processing conditions, biological activities and potential applications in the food industry. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-16. [PMID: 39225599 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2400233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Pyropia spp. seaweeds are delicious and nutritious red algae widely consumed for a long history. However, due to the non-digestibility of cell wall components by the human intestinal tract, the bioaccessibility of the intracellular bioactive compounds is low. The current industrial processing of Pyropia spp. food by drying and roasting cannot break down the cell wall; however, studies indicate that fermentation of Pyropia spp. by food-derived microorganisms is an efficient processing method to solve this problem. This paper reviews research on the fermentation of Pyropia spp., including the manufacturing process, alterations in chemical composition, flavor properties, bioactivities, and mechanisms. Furthermore, the limitations and opportunities for developing Pyropia spp. fermentation food are explored. Studies demonstrated that key metabolites of fermented Pyropia spp. were degraded polysaccharides, released phenolic compounds and flavonoids, and formed amino acids, which possessed bioactivities such as antioxidant, anti-glycation, anti-diabetic, lipid metabolism regulation beneficial to human health. The increased bioactivities implied the promoted bioaccessibility of intracellular components. Notably, fermentation positively contributed to the safety of Pyropia spp. food. In conclusion, benefits in nutrition, flavor, bioactivity, and safety suggest that fermentation technology has a promising future for application in Pyropia spp. food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Hong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoting Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
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Sarhan MM, Aljohani SA, Alnazzawi YA, Alharbi NA, Alotaibi SE, Alhujaili AS, Alwadi MAM. Individuals' perceptions of the factors linked to everyday soft drink consumption among university students: qualitative study. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1388918. [PMID: 39224179 PMCID: PMC11366578 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1388918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Soft drink consumption is continuing to grow worldwide, posing an increasing threat to people's health and general wellbeing. Consequently, we must understand the factors driving soft drink consumption to support improvements to nutrition. This paper adopts a qualitative research approach to explore individuals' perceptions of the factors linked to daily soft drink consumption among university students in Saudi Arabia. Materials and methods This research employed purposive sampling to recruit a total of 19 students attending university in Al Madinah Province, Saudi Arabia, all of whom reported that they had previously consumed soft drinks. Over 3 months, data was gathered through a mixture of online and in-person semi-structured interviews. Once completed, the interviews were then transcribed and analyzed using inductive thematic analysis to identify the themes that emerged from the data. Results This study reveals five core themes: taste, habit, price, environment and social context, and health concerns. Regarding health concerns, this study finds that the public's increasing concerns about health can reduce people's consumption of soft drinks. Significantly, this research reveals that the rise in health concerns among the public is being driven by the growing conversation about healthy food and the negative impact of consuming sugary soft drinks occurring in wider society. Conclusion To conclude, this research underlines the value of adopting a holistic approach to promoting healthier drink choices (and thus reducing soft drink consumption). Interventions that focus on factors associated with soft drink consumption, such as habits, price, environment, social settings, health concerns, and taste, will be better able to decrease soft drink consumption and improve people's nutritional intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Mahmoud Sarhan
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al-Madinah al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shemaa Adel Aljohani
- College of Dentistry and Hospital, Taibah University, Al-Madinah al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yara Ahmad Alnazzawi
- College of Dentistry and Hospital, Taibah University, Al-Madinah al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nuorah Awadh Alharbi
- College of Dentistry and Hospital, Taibah University, Al-Madinah al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shihanah Eid Alotaibi
- College of Dentistry and Hospital, Taibah University, Al-Madinah al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Saad Alhujaili
- College of Dentistry and Hospital, Taibah University, Al-Madinah al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maram Ali M. Alwadi
- Department of Dental Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Wakayama R, Drewnowski A, Horimoto T, Yu T, Saito Y, Suzuki T, Honda K, Kanaya S, Takasugi S. Development and Validation of the Meiji Nutritional Profiling System per Serving Size. Nutrients 2024; 16:2700. [PMID: 39203836 PMCID: PMC11357180 DOI: 10.3390/nu16162700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Serving size may be the appropriate reference for calculating food nutritional value. We aimed to assess the nutritional values of Japanese foods based on serving sizes rather than per 100 g by adapting the Meiji Nutritional Profiling System (Meiji NPS). Given the variability in serving sizes across countries, we used Japanese serving sizes to calculate the Meiji NPS scores. We confirmed the convergent validity of the Meiji NPS scores per serving size with the Nutrient-Rich Food Index 9.3 using Spearman's correlation coefficients (r = 0.51, p < 0.001). Food groups recommended by official guidelines, such as pulses, nuts and seeds, fish and seafood, fruits, vegetables, and milk and milk products, scored relatively high. Furthermore, the nutrient density scores of food items with small serving sizes, such as mushrooms, algae, seasonings, and fats and oils, were moderated when calculated by per serving size, despite having considerably higher or lower scores per 100 g. These results indicate that calculating NPS per serving size allows for the assessment of the nutritional value of food items in accordance with actual consumption quantities. Therefore, the Meiji NPS calculated per serving size, alongside the per 100 g version, may be useful for dietary management depending on specific purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Wakayama
- Meiji Co., Ltd., 2-2-1 Kyobashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-9306, Japan; (T.H.); (T.Y.); (S.T.)
- Computational Systems Biology Laboratory, Division of Information Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology & Data Science Center, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma 630-0912, Japan
| | - Adam Drewnowski
- Center for Public Health Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Tomohito Horimoto
- Meiji Co., Ltd., 2-2-1 Kyobashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-9306, Japan; (T.H.); (T.Y.); (S.T.)
| | - Tao Yu
- Meiji Co., Ltd., 2-2-1 Kyobashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-9306, Japan; (T.H.); (T.Y.); (S.T.)
| | - Yoshie Saito
- Meiji Holdings Co., Ltd., 2-4-16, Kyobashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0031, Japan
| | - Takao Suzuki
- National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka, Obu 474-8511, Japan
| | - Keiko Honda
- Laboratory of Medicine Nutrition, Kagawa Nutrition University, 3-9-21 Chiyoda, Sakado 350-0288, Japan
| | - Shigehiko Kanaya
- Computational Systems Biology Laboratory, Division of Information Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology & Data Science Center, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma 630-0912, Japan
| | - Satoshi Takasugi
- Meiji Co., Ltd., 2-2-1 Kyobashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-9306, Japan; (T.H.); (T.Y.); (S.T.)
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Virk J, Malhan S, Sandhu GK, Sood H, Ishita, Prabhakar D. To assess the effect of selected locally available beverages on salivary pH, flow rate, and oral clearance rate among adults. JOURNAL OF CONSERVATIVE DENTISTRY AND ENDODONTICS 2024; 27:833-837. [PMID: 39372568 PMCID: PMC11451678 DOI: 10.4103/jcde.jcde_283_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024]
Abstract
Aim The aim of this study is to assess the effect of selected locally available beverages on salivary pH, flow rate, and oral clearance rate among adults. Materials and Methods A quantitative diagnostic method for dental caries would improve oral health, which directly affects the quality of life. The pH scale measures how acidic or basic a solution is, with 7 being neutral. When the pH of plaque drops below normal, or <5.5, the acidity starts to dissolve minerals and destroy the tooth's enamel. This clinical trial will be conducted on 40 subjects. Test beverages will be Red Bull, mixed fruit juice, tea, and sweetened milk. Unstimulated salivary samples will be collected for each study subject at least 1 h after their breakfast. After the collection of baseline salivary samples, the subjects will be given one beverage to drink, and then stimulated saliva samples will be collected at fixed time intervals. A digital pH meter will be used to measure the pH at every step. Statistical Analysis This will be carried out using SPSS version 17, one-way ANOVA, and post hoc Tukey's test will be applied in the statistical tests. Results The maximum drop in pH was seen in the case of carbonated beverage (Red Bull), the oral clearance for all the liquid food items was achieved at 14 minutes. Conclusions Liquids had a considerable cariogenic and erosive potential despite their quick clearance from the mouth cavity. it is always recommended to limit beverage consumption to maintain good dental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasleen Virk
- Department of Conservative Denstistry and Endodontics, Desh Bhagat Dental College and Hospital, Mandigobindgarh, Punjab, India
| | - Sunil Malhan
- Department of Conservative Denstistry and Endodontics, Desh Bhagat Dental College and Hospital, Mandigobindgarh, Punjab, India
| | - Gursandeep Kaur Sandhu
- Department of Conservative Denstistry and Endodontics, Desh Bhagat Dental College and Hospital, Mandigobindgarh, Punjab, India
| | - Himanshu Sood
- Department of Conservative Denstistry and Endodontics, Desh Bhagat Dental College and Hospital, Mandigobindgarh, Punjab, India
| | - Ishita
- Department of Conservative Denstistry and Endodontics, Desh Bhagat Dental College and Hospital, Mandigobindgarh, Punjab, India
| | - Danish Prabhakar
- Department of Conservative Denstistry and Endodontics, Desh Bhagat Dental College and Hospital, Mandigobindgarh, Punjab, India
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Alabdulkader S, Alzaben AS, Almoayad F, Mortada EM, Benajiba N, Aboul-Enein BH, Dodge E, Bernstein J, Bawazeer N. Evaluating attitudes toward soft drink consumption among adults in Saudi Arabia: Five years after selective taxation implementation. Prev Med Rep 2024; 44:102808. [PMID: 39071241 PMCID: PMC11283123 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Saudi Arabia (SA) ranked first in soft drink consumption in the Middle East. A decrease in consumption was recorded after a selective 50% increased taxation policy in 2018. This study aimed to assess soft drinks consumption patterns among Saudi Arabian adults and examine the association between different attitudes and patterns post-taxation. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2022 to March 2023, involving 1,935 Saudi adults aged 20-60 residing in Saudi Arabia. Participants completed online surveys using a validated questionnaire assessing sociodemographic characteristics, soft drink consumption patterns, and attitudes toward soft drinks. Chi-square and odds ratio (OR) tests were used to assess associations between sociodemographic characteristics, soft drink consumption frequency/quantity, and change in consumption patterns owing to selective taxation. Additionally, t-tests, Spearman's coefficient, and hierarchical multiple linear regression were used to measure differences in attitudes and linear relationships. Results Overall, 7.5% of the participants reported daily soft drink consumption, with 51.8% of these consuming less than one can per day and 41.2% consuming one can per day. Most (66.2%) reported no change in consumption post-taxation. Attitudes toward soft drink consumption varied significantly, with most agreeing on its health risks but also enjoying the drinks. Multiple regression analysis identified age, education, income, consumption frequency/quantity, and impact of taxation as significant predictors of overall attitudes toward soft drinks. Conclusions After taxation, 20% of participants reduced soft drink consumption, underscoring the importance of addressing taxation and intrinsic motivations to foster lasting changes in attitudes and behaviors towards soft drinks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahd Alabdulkader
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer S Alzaben
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatmah Almoayad
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman M Mortada
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nada Benajiba
- Unité Mixte de Recherche en Nutrition et Alimentation URAC 39 (Université Ibn Tofaïl–CNESTEN), RDC-Nutrition, Kénitra, Morocco
| | - Basil H. Aboul-Enein
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London, WC1H 9SH, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Dodge
- College of Graduate & Professional Studies, University of New England, 716 Stevens Ave., Portland, ME 04103 USA
| | - Joshua Bernstein
- College of Graduate Health Studies A.T. Still University of Health Sciences, Kirksville, MO, USA
| | - Nahla Bawazeer
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
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Arora A, Rahaman KS, Parmar JS, Gupta A, Evans N, Chandio N, Selvaratnam N, Manohar N. Trajectories of Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Intake in Early Life: Evidence from a Birth Cohort Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:2336. [PMID: 39064778 PMCID: PMC11279875 DOI: 10.3390/nu16142336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Infancy and early childhood are periods of dietary transition. Early exposure to specific foods and the establishment of dietary habits during this period can shape long-term food preferences and have lasting effects on health. This study aimed to examine the longitudinal trajectories of sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake in Australian children from birth to age 3 years and identify early-life and socioeconomic factors influencing those trajectories. Mother-infant dyads (n = 934) from the Healthy Smiles Healthy Kids birth cohort study were interviewed on their weekly frequency of SSB intake at 4-month, 8-month, 1-year, 2-year, and 3-year age points. Group-based trajectory modelling analysis was performed to identify trajectories for SSB intake among Australian children. A multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify the maternal and child-related predictors of resulting trajectories. The intake of SSBs showed two distinct quadratic trajectories (high and low) with age. While the two trajectories remained distinctive throughout, the SSB consumption for both groups consistently increased between 4 months and 2 years of age and subsequently stabilised. Compared to low SSB consumers (75%), the high SSB consumers (25%) were significantly more likely to be living in households with three or more children (relative risk (RR): 1.59, 95%CI: 1.02-2.48), had low maternal education (left school < year 12-RR: 1.75, 95%CI: 1.09-2.81; completed year 12-RR: 1.57, 95%CI: 1.02-2.81), and resided in highly/the most socioeconomically disadvantaged areas (highly disadvantaged-RR: 1.89, 95%CI: 1.13-3.18; most disadvantaged-RR: 2.06, 95%CI: 1.25-3.38). Children's SSB intake patterns are established early in life as they transition from infancy to preschool age, and the trajectories of intake established during early childhood are strongly influenced by socioeconomic factors. Hence, interventions targeted to limit SSB intake and improve nutrition amongst children should occur in early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Arora
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia; (K.S.R.); (J.S.P.); (N.E.); (N.S.)
- Health Equity Laboratory, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia; (N.C.); (N.M.)
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
- Oral Health Services, Sydney Local Health District and Sydney Dental Hospital, NSW Health, Surry Hills, NSW 2010, Australia
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Kh. Shafiur Rahaman
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia; (K.S.R.); (J.S.P.); (N.E.); (N.S.)
- Health Equity Laboratory, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia; (N.C.); (N.M.)
| | - Jinal Shashin Parmar
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia; (K.S.R.); (J.S.P.); (N.E.); (N.S.)
- Health Equity Laboratory, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia; (N.C.); (N.M.)
| | - Adyya Gupta
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition, Institute for Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia;
| | - Nicole Evans
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia; (K.S.R.); (J.S.P.); (N.E.); (N.S.)
- Health Equity Laboratory, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia; (N.C.); (N.M.)
| | - Navira Chandio
- Health Equity Laboratory, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia; (N.C.); (N.M.)
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Navodya Selvaratnam
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia; (K.S.R.); (J.S.P.); (N.E.); (N.S.)
- Health Equity Laboratory, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia; (N.C.); (N.M.)
| | - Narendar Manohar
- Health Equity Laboratory, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia; (N.C.); (N.M.)
- Black Dog Institute, Hospital Road, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
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Hualpa-Gutierrez D, López-Magallanes LD, Jiménez-Lozada MA, Alarco JJ. [Disability status and consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages: analysis of a Colombian population survey]. NUTR HOSP 2024. [PMID: 39037194 DOI: 10.20960/nh.05111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION according to the World Health Organization (WHO), obesity has tripled in the world as a result of high caloric intake. People with disabilities are more likely to be overweight and obese. OBJECTIVES this study aimed to estimate the association between disability status and consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages in the population aged 18 years and older in Colombia in 2017. METHODS we conducted a secondary analysis of data from Colombia's 2017 National Quality of Life Survey (ECV). The dependent variable was the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages, and the independent variable was the disability status. Additionally, confounding variables were incorporated. An ordinal logistic regression was performed to estimate the magnitude of the association. The complex sample design of the 2017 LCS was considered in all results. RESULTS we included data from 18,957 persons aged 18 years and older; 7.9 % had a disability, and 64.4 % consumed sugar-sweetened beverages. People with moderate and severe disability were 18 % and 41 %, respectively, less likely to have a higher consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages compared to people without disability (OR: 0.82; 95 % CI: 0.72-0.95 and OR: 0.59; 95 % CI: 0.39-0.90). When stratified by age group, this association remained only in those older than 45. CONCLUSIONS in Colombia, in 2017, people with disabilities older than 45 years consumed fewer sugar-sweetened beverages than people without disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - J Jhonnel Alarco
- Disability Epidemiology Research Group (EpiDIS). Universidad Científica del Sur
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11
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McDonough C, Li YC, Vangeepuram N, Liu B, Pandey G. A Comprehensive Youth Diabetes Epidemiological Data Set and Web Portal: Resource Development and Case Studies. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2024; 10:e53330. [PMID: 38666756 PMCID: PMC11252623 DOI: 10.2196/53330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and pre-diabetes mellitus (pre-DM) has been increasing among youth in recent decades in the United States, prompting an urgent need for understanding and identifying their associated risk factors. Such efforts, however, have been hindered by the lack of easily accessible youth pre-DM/DM data. OBJECTIVE We aimed to first build a high-quality, comprehensive epidemiological data set focused on youth pre-DM/DM. Subsequently, we aimed to make these data accessible by creating a user-friendly web portal to share them and the corresponding codes. Through this, we hope to address this significant gap and facilitate youth pre-DM/DM research. METHODS Building on data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999 to 2018, we cleaned and harmonized hundreds of variables relevant to pre-DM/DM (fasting plasma glucose level ≥100 mg/dL or glycated hemoglobin ≥5.7%) for youth aged 12-19 years (N=15,149). We identified individual factors associated with pre-DM/DM risk using bivariate statistical analyses and predicted pre-DM/DM status using our Ensemble Integration (EI) framework for multidomain machine learning. We then developed a user-friendly web portal named Prediabetes/diabetes in youth Online Dashboard (POND) to share the data and codes. RESULTS We extracted 95 variables potentially relevant to pre-DM/DM risk organized into 4 domains (sociodemographic, health status, diet, and other lifestyle behaviors). The bivariate analyses identified 27 significant correlates of pre-DM/DM (P<.001, Bonferroni adjusted), including race or ethnicity, health insurance, BMI, added sugar intake, and screen time. Among these factors, 16 factors were also identified based on the EI methodology (Fisher P of overlap=7.06×106). In addition to those, the EI approach identified 11 additional predictive variables, including some known (eg, meat and fruit intake and family income) and less recognized factors (eg, number of rooms in homes). The factors identified in both analyses spanned across all 4 of the domains mentioned. These data and results, as well as other exploratory tools, can be accessed on POND. CONCLUSIONS Using NHANES data, we built one of the largest public epidemiological data sets for studying youth pre-DM/DM and identified potential risk factors using complementary analytical approaches. Our results align with the multifactorial nature of pre-DM/DM with correlates across several domains. Also, our data-sharing platform, POND, facilitates a wide range of applications to inform future youth pre-DM/DM studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine McDonough
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yan Chak Li
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Nita Vangeepuram
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Bian Liu
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Gaurav Pandey
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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Liu T, Quan S, Meng G, Wu H, Gu Y, Zhang S, Wang X, Zhang J, Zhang Q, Liu L, Sun S, Wang X, Zhou M, Jia Q, Song K, Fang Z, Niu K. Longitudinal association between soft drink consumption and handgrip strength in adults: a prospective analysis from the Tianjin Chronic Low-Grade Systemic Inflammation and Health (TCLSIH) cohort study. Br J Nutr 2024; 131:1997-2004. [PMID: 38600624 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523002817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Soft drink consumption has become a highly controversial public health issue. Given the pattern of consumption in China, sugar-sweetened beverage is the main type of soft drink consumed. Due to containing high levels of fructose, a soft drink may have a deleterious effect on handgrip strength (HGS) due to oxidative stress, inflammation and insulin resistance. However, few studies show an association between soft drink consumption and HGS in adults. We aimed to investigate the association between soft drink consumption and longitudinal changes in HGS among a Chinese adult population. A longitudinal population-based cohort study (5-year follow-up, median: 3·66 years) was conducted in Tianjin, China. A total of 11 125 participants (56·7 % men) were enrolled. HGS was measured using a handheld digital dynamometer. Soft drink consumption (mainly sugar-containing carbonated beverages) was measured at baseline using a validated FFQ. ANCOVA was used to evaluate the association between soft drink consumption and annual change in HGS or weight-adjusted HGS. After adjusting for multiple confounding factors, the least square means (95 % CI) of annual change in HGS across soft drink consumption frequencies were -0·70 (-2·49, 1·09) for rarely drinks, -0·82 (-2·62, 0·97) for < 1 cup/week and -0·86 (-2·66, 0·93) for ≥ 1 cup/week (Pfor trend < 0·05). Likewise, a similar association was observed between soft drink consumption and annual change in weight-adjusted HGS. The results indicate that higher soft drink consumption was associated with faster HGS decline in Chinese adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongfeng Liu
- Department of Toxicology and Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengxin Quan
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Ge Meng
- Department of Toxicology and Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmei Wu
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- School of Public Health, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yeqing Gu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Shunming Zhang
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- School of Public Health, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuena Wang
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- School of Public Health, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Juanjuan Zhang
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- School of Public Health, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Liu
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaomei Sun
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Wang
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Zhou
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiyu Jia
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Song
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongze Fang
- Department of Toxicology and Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaijun Niu
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- School of Public Health, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- Tianjin Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Preventive Medicine Education, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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Adjei RR, Sarfo Boateng A, Owusu-Kwarteng J. Self -reported knowledge and understanding of added sugars by consumers in Ghana. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31243. [PMID: 38803890 PMCID: PMC11128992 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The consumption of added sugars has been a major concern among consumers and researchers around the world. Some of these added sugars pose health threats such as obesity, and liver diseases to consumers. Therefore, consumers' understanding and knowledge of added sugars is important in regulating the intake of food items that contain different types and levels of added sugar. In this study, the knowledge and understanding of staff (consumers) of the University of Energy and Natural Resources, Ghana, was assessed through survey The results showed that about 38.5 % of consumers always read food labels whereas 3.1 % never read the labels of food they purchased. However, only about 20 % of consumers considered added sugars as most important information on food labels while most (about 38 %) were concerned about the calorie level in food items purchased. Based on the consumer's knowledge of sugars and sweeteners, there was a high level of disparity in classifying sugars in food as sugars and sweeteners. In addition, most consumers reported that they would adversely avoid food items containing lactose, isoglucose, and saccharin. The awareness of the consumers to the WHO recommendation for sugar reduction, the gender (P = 0.278), age (P = 0.959), level of education (P = 0.888), and staff category (P = 0.944) did not influence their decisions on purchasing food items with added sugars Most consumers were interested in issues of food and nutrition. Therefore, it is recommended that staff are taken through aspects of food nutrition as well as the consumption of added sugar towards the recommended levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remember Roger Adjei
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Production, School of Agriculture and Technology, University of Energy and Natural Resources, Dormaa Ahenkro Campus, P. O. Box 214, Sunyani, Ghana
| | - Amanda Sarfo Boateng
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Production, School of Agriculture and Technology, University of Energy and Natural Resources, Dormaa Ahenkro Campus, P. O. Box 214, Sunyani, Ghana
| | - James Owusu-Kwarteng
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Technology, University of Energy and Natural Resources, Dormaa Ahenkro Campus, P. O. Box 214, Sunyani, Ghana
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Ruggles PR, Pasch KE, Poulos NS, Thomas JE. Comparing the number of outdoor sugar-sweetened beverage and caffeinated beverage advertisements near schools by school type and school-level economic advantage. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302048. [PMID: 38781217 PMCID: PMC11115223 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sugar-sweetened beverage and caffeinated beverage consumption are associated with a variety of health issues among youth. Food and beverage marketing has been shown to affect youth's preferences, purchases, and consumption of marketed products. Previous research suggests that outdoor food and beverage marketing differs by community demographics, with more advertisements in lower-income communities and near schools. The purpose of this study is to examine the density of sugar-sweetened and caffeinated beverage advertisements near schools by school type (middle vs. high school) and by school-level SES. METHODS Data are from the Outdoor Measuring and Evaluating the Determinants and Influence of Advertising (MEDIA)study, which documented and described all outdoor food and beverage advertisements near 47 middle and high schools in 2012. Beverage advertisements were categorized as: sugar-sweetened/caffeinated, sugar-sweetened/non-caffeinated, non-sugar-sweetened/caffeinated, or non-sugar-sweetened/non-caffeinated. Schools were categorized by type (middle vs high) and by SES as determined by the percentage of students qualifying for free or reduced-price lunch. Bootstrapped non-parametric Mann-Whitney U tests compared the number of advertisements in each category by school type and school-level SES (higher vs lower). RESULTS Compared to schools with higher SES, schools with lower SES had significantly more advertisements for sugar-sweetened/non-caffeinated beverages (Medianlow = 28.5 (IQR 17-69), vs Medianhigh = 10.5 (IQR 4-17) (p = 0.002)., sugar-sweetened non-caffeinated (Medianlow = 46 (IQR 16-99) vs Medianhigh = 13.5 (IQR 6-25), p = 0.002), -sugar-sweetened caffeinated (Medianlow = 12 (IQR 8-19) vs Medianhigh = 6 (IQR 2-8), p = 0.000), and non-sugar-sweetened non-caffeinated (Medianlow = 30 (IQR 13-65) vs Medianhigh = 14 (IQR 4-29), p = 0.045).There were no significant differences by school type. CONCLUSION This study adds to the literature demonstrating pervasive marketing of unhealthy products in lower-income communities. Disproportionate exposure to sugar-sweetened and caffeinated beverage advertisements in lower-income communities may contribute to the disparities in associated health outcomes by economic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe R. Ruggles
- Department of Kinesiology & Health Education, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Keryn E. Pasch
- Department of Kinesiology & Health Education, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Natalie S. Poulos
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jacob E. Thomas
- Department of Kinesiology & Health Education, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
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15
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Farber J, Dikdan S, Ruge M, Johnson D, Shipon D. Relationship Between Caffeine Consumption and Young Athletes' Comorbidities, Exercise-Related Symptoms, and Baseline Electrocardiogram. Sports Health 2024; 16:448-456. [PMID: 37085973 PMCID: PMC11025507 DOI: 10.1177/19417381231168828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caffeine consumption causes diverse physiologic effects that can affect athletes both positively and negatively. There is a lack of research investigating the long-term effects of caffeine intake on exercise and on overall cardiovascular health in young athletes. HYPOTHESIS Certain characteristics such as age, body mass index (BMI), race, and medical diagnoses are associated with increased caffeine use, and there is a relationship between caffeine consumption and symptoms during exercise and cardiovascular abnormalities in young athletes. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 4. METHODS This study utilized the HeartBytes National Youth Cardiac Registry to collect data related to demographics, caffeine use, and physical examination and electrocardiogram (ECG) findings of 7425 12- to 20-year-olds (60.6% male, 39.4% female) who attended a Simon's Heart cardiac screening event between 2014 and 2021. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used for analysis. RESULTS Persons who consumed caffeine were more likely to have attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.43; CI, 1.15-1.76]; P < 0.01) and more likely to have a BMI ≥30 kg/m2 (aOR, 1.69; CI, 1.27-2.25]; P < 0.01) compared with nondrinkers. After controlling for age, gender, race, and BMI, there were no significant differences in symptoms during exercise (aOR, 1.27; CI, 0.97-1.66; P = 0.08) or abnormal ECG findings (OR, 0.93; CI, 0.66-1.31; P = 0.70) between those who consume caffeine and those who do not. CONCLUSION Caffeine consumption was associated with increased BMI and increased likelihood of having ADHD; however, caffeine use overall was not associated with increased risk of symptoms during exercise or ECG abnormalities. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Whereas caffeine consumption overall did not increase risk of exercise-related symptoms, soda drinkers were at higher risk for symptoms during exercise, and coffee drinkers were at higher risk of syncope with exercise. Prospective studies with longitudinal follow-up and more specific outcomes data is the next step in qualifying the impact of caffeine on young athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Farber
- Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sean Dikdan
- Division of Cardiology, Jefferson Heart Institute, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Max Ruge
- Division of Cardiology, Jefferson Heart Institute, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Drew Johnson
- Division of Cardiology, Jefferson Heart Institute, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - David Shipon
- Division of Cardiology, Jefferson Heart Institute, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Baba-Aissa S, Cooke L, Alner V, Ahmed MH. Hypokalaemia associated with excessive cola-flavoured drinks consumption. BMJ Case Rep 2024; 17:e258873. [PMID: 38649244 PMCID: PMC11043727 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2023-258873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
We present a case involving a male patient in his 30s who was admitted to hospital due to recurrent episodes of hypokalaemia over the past 5 years. His medical history revealed hypertension, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism, and paranoia. He was taking citalopram, ramipril, amlodipine, and pramipexole. Tests indicated normal levels of aldosterone/renin ratio and plasma metanephrines. On reviewing his dietary history, it was noted that he consumed 3 to 3.5 L of cola-flavoured drinks on a daily basis. Normal potassium levels were achieved after a significant reduction in cola-flavoured drinks intake and potassium replacement. Subsequent outpatient clinic follow-up revealed that normal potassium levels were maintained even after the patient ceased taking potassium replacement tablets. Given the rarity of hypokalaemia associated with fizzy drinks, the underlying mechanism for this association remains unclear. In this case report, we attempt to provide a possible explanation for the involved mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Baba-Aissa
- The Medical School, University of Buckingham, Buckingham, Buckinghamshire, UK
| | - Lynn Cooke
- Department of Medicine, Milton Keynes University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Eaglestone, Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, UK
| | - Victoria Alner
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Milton Keynes University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Eaglestone, Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, UK
| | - Mohamed H Ahmed
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Milton Keynes University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Eaglestone, Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, UK
- Department of Medicine and HIV Metabolic Clinic, Milton Keynes University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Eaglestone, Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, UK
- Honorary Senior Lecturer of the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Buckingham, Buckingham, UK
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Huque R, Azad AK, Ahmed N. Own price elasticities of the demand for sugar-sweetened beverages in Bangladesh. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1020. [PMID: 38609956 PMCID: PMC11010358 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18544-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) is a major global public health problem. Increasing the price of SSBs through taxation is an effective tool to reduce SSB consumption. Price-elasticity estimates are useful in measuring the effect of taxation on consumption. We estimated the own price elasticities of demand for SSBs in Bangladesh, which will inform how SSB taxes could affect behaviour. METHODS We used Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES) 2016 data, which is a nationally representative dataset at the household level across the country and is conducted using stratified random sampling method. Deaton's method was used to estimate the price elasticities for SSBs in Bangladesh. RESULTS We found that the own price elasticity for SSBs varied between - 0.53% to -1.17% by types of SSBs in Bangladesh. The price elasticity for soft drinks was - 1.17, indicating that if the price of soft drinks increases by 10% via taxes, the quantity consumed of these beverages would reduce by 11.7%. CONCLUSION This is the first study that estimates the own price elasticities of demand for SSBs in Bangladesh. Our results suggest to raise SSB prices through increased taxation in order to reduce SSB consumption and ensure public health gains in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumana Huque
- ARK Foundation, Flat C3 and C4, House # 6; Road # 109 Gulshan 2, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh.
| | - Abul Kalam Azad
- Department of Economics, Social Science Building, University of Dhaka, Nilkhet, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
| | - Nasiruddin Ahmed
- ARK Foundation, Flat C3 and C4, House # 6; Road # 109 Gulshan 2, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
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Sassano M, Castagna C, Villani L, Quaranta G, Pastorino R, Ricciardi W, Boccia S. National taxation on sugar-sweetened beverages and its association with overweight, obesity, and diabetes. Am J Clin Nutr 2024; 119:990-1006. [PMID: 38569789 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) has been linked to several adverse health outcomes, thus many countries introduced taxation to reduce it. OBJECTIVES To summarize national SSB taxation laws and to assess their association with obesity, overweight and diabetes. METHODS We conducted a systematic scoping review up to January 2022 on PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Google Search to identify taxes on SSBs. An interrupted time series analysis (ITSA) was conducted on 17 countries with taxation implemented in 2013 or before to evaluate the level and slope modifications in the rate of change of standardized prevalence rates of overweight, obesity, and diabetes. Random-effects meta-regression was used to assess whether year of entry into force of the law, national income, and tax design affected observed results. RESULTS We included 76 tax laws issued between 1940 and 2020 by 43 countries, which were heterogeneous in terms of tax design, amount, and taxed products. Among children and adolescents, ITSA showed level or slope reduction for prevalence of overweight and obesity in 5 (Brazil, Samoa, Palau, Panama, Tonga) and 6 (El Salvador, Uruguay, Nauru, Norway, Palau, Tonga) countries out of 17, respectively. No clear pattern of modification of results according to investigated factors emerged from the meta-regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS Taxation is highly heterogeneous across countries in terms of products and design, which might influence its effectiveness. Our findings provide some evidence regarding a deceleration of the increasing prevalence rates of overweight and obesity among children occurring in some countries following introduction of taxation. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42021233309.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Sassano
- Section of Hygiene, Department of Health Science and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carolina Castagna
- Section of Hygiene, Department of Health Science and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Leonardo Villani
- Section of Hygiene, Department of Health Science and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Quaranta
- Section of Hygiene, Department of Health Science and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Department of Women, Children and Public Health Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Pastorino
- Section of Hygiene, Department of Health Science and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Department of Women, Children and Public Health Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Walter Ricciardi
- Section of Hygiene, Department of Health Science and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Boccia
- Section of Hygiene, Department of Health Science and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Department of Women, Children and Public Health Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Wang C, Chen Y, Xu H, Wang W, Zhou H, Sun Q, Hong X, Zhao J. Sustaining Healthy Habits: The Enduring Impact of Combined School-Family Interventions on Consuming Sugar-Sweetened Beverages among Pilot Chinese Schoolchildren. Nutrients 2024; 16:953. [PMID: 38612987 PMCID: PMC11013720 DOI: 10.3390/nu16070953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This study assesses the enduring impact of combined school- and family-based interventions on reducing the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) among schoolchildren in China. Two primary schools were assigned at random to either the Intervention Group or the Control Group, in Nanjing, eastern China. All students were in grade three and received an invitation to participate. In the first year, students in the Intervention Group received one-year intervention measures, including monthly monitoring, aiming to decrease the consumption of SSBs. Students in the Control Group only received regular monitoring without interventions. In the second year, both groups received only regular monitoring, without active interventions. A generalized estimating equations model (GEE) was used to assess the intervention effects. After two years, relative to the Control Group, the Intervention Group had a significantly improved knowledge of SSBs and an improved family environment with parents. In the Intervention Group, 477 students (97.3%) had adequate knowledge about SSBs, compared to 302 students (83.2%) in the Control Group (X2 = 52.708, p < 0.001). Two years later, the number of students who stated 'my home always has SSBs' in the Intervention Group (7.8%) was fewer than that in the Control Group (12.4%), which was a statistically significant finding (p < 0.05). One year later, both the frequency and the quantity of SSB consumption in the Intervention Group were less than those in the Control Group; such differences between the groups remained statistically significant for the quantity but not for the frequency of SSB consumption two years later. In the Intervention Group, the frequency of SSB consumption was significantly reduced by 1.0 times per week, compared to a reduction of 0.1 times per week in the Control Group in the first year (p < 0.05). In the second year, the frequency of SSB consumption was reduced by 0.8 times per week in the Intervention Group, compared to 0.5 times per week in the Control Group (p > 0.05). In the first year, the volume of SSB consumption was significantly reduced by 233 mL per week in the Intervention Group, compared to an increase of 107 mL per week in the Control Group (p < 0.05). In the second year, the volume of SSB consumption was reduced by 122 mL per week in the Intervention Group compared to an increase of 31 mL per week in the Control Group (p > 0.05). The combined school-based and family-based interventions had a positive effect on the students' knowledge of SSBs and their family dynamics during the first and second year. Relative to the Control Group, the Intervention Group had a statistically significant reduction in SSB consumption after 1 year, but not after 2 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Wang
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Prevention, Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210003, China; (C.W.); (Y.C.); (H.X.); (W.W.); (H.Z.); (Q.S.)
| | - Yijia Chen
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Prevention, Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210003, China; (C.W.); (Y.C.); (H.X.); (W.W.); (H.Z.); (Q.S.)
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Prevention, Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210003, China; (C.W.); (Y.C.); (H.X.); (W.W.); (H.Z.); (Q.S.)
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Prevention, Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210003, China; (C.W.); (Y.C.); (H.X.); (W.W.); (H.Z.); (Q.S.)
| | - Hairong Zhou
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Prevention, Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210003, China; (C.W.); (Y.C.); (H.X.); (W.W.); (H.Z.); (Q.S.)
| | - Qiannan Sun
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Prevention, Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210003, China; (C.W.); (Y.C.); (H.X.); (W.W.); (H.Z.); (Q.S.)
| | - Xin Hong
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Prevention, Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210003, China; (C.W.); (Y.C.); (H.X.); (W.W.); (H.Z.); (Q.S.)
| | - Jinkou Zhao
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, China
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Olvera LGT, Martínez LC, Souza BDSND, Sichieri R, Ruíz Arregui L, Rodríguez Garcia WD, de la Torre GSG. Impact of a School-Based Intervention on Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Intake Substitution by Water in Mexican Scholars. ANNALS OF NUTRITION & METABOLISM 2024; 80:136-142. [PMID: 38437808 DOI: 10.1159/000538142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prevalence of overweight and obesity in children has increased in recent years, associated with substituting plain water intake with sugar-sweetened beverages. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of a school-based intervention that aimed to replace sugar-sweetened beverages with water on Mexican scholars. METHODS We included 314 children aged 9-11 from three public schools of the State of Hidalgo, Mexico, randomized to intervention (two schools from the municipality of Apan; six classes with 146 participants) or control group (one school from the municipality of Emiliano Zapata; six classes with 168 participants) and followed for 6 months. The intervention consisted of placing drinking fountains at schools and classrooms with nutritional education lessons to increase water consumption and decrease sugar-sweetened beverages. Mixed models for repeated measures were used to assess the impact of the intervention. RESULTS At the end of the study, water consumption was higher (200 mL/day, p = 0.005), and flavored milk consumption was lower (94 mL/day, p = 0.044) in the intervention group compared with the control group. There was also a statistically significant reduction in energy (p = 0.016) and sugar intake (p = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS The school-based intervention favorably modified the consumption pattern of sugar-sweetened beverages and water in Mexican students.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lilia Castillo Martínez
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Rosely Sichieri
- Department of Epidemiology, Social Medicine Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Liliana Ruíz Arregui
- Epidemiological Surveillance Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Wendy D Rodríguez Garcia
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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Mai-Lippold SA, Schultze J, Pollatos O. Interoceptive abilities impairment correlates with emotional eating and taste abnormalities in children with overweight and obesity. Appetite 2024; 194:107182. [PMID: 38154574 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.107182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Weight problems in children are associated with emotional eating, which has been linked to interoceptive abilities. Previous research also shows altered olfactory and gustatory perception in children with obesity and overweight. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the connection of alterations in olfactory and gustatory perception to interoceptive abilities and emotional eating among children with obesity and overweight. 23 children with overweight and obesity and age-matched controls with normal weight (12-16 years old) underwent olfactory and gustatory testing. Interoceptive abilities were assessed, focusing on interoceptive accuracy and interoceptive sensibility. Children with overweight and obesity showed significantly higher accuracy for detection of sweet taste, but descriptively lower accuracy for all other taste qualities compared to normal weight children. We found no changes in olfactory abilities in children with overweight and obesity. Emotional eating scores were elevated for children with overweight and obesity, and interoceptive accuracy scores were significantly lower. In both groups, interoceptive accuracy was inversely correlated with emotional eating. Our results support prior findings of altered gustatory abilities in children with overweight and obesity. The observed link between impaired interoceptive processes and heightened emotional eating in this group implies that interventions for overweight in children could benefit from targeting interoceptive abilities. This study provides meaningful grounds for further investigations into the roles of taste, emotional eating, and interoceptive abilities for overweight in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra A Mai-Lippold
- Clinical and Health Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Ulm University, Germany
| | - Jasmin Schultze
- Clinical and Health Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Ulm University, Germany
| | - Olga Pollatos
- Clinical and Health Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Ulm University, Germany.
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22
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Tobiassen PAS, Køster-Rasmussen R. Substitution of sugar-sweetened beverages with non-caloric alternatives and weight change: A systematic review of randomized trials and meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2024; 25:e13652. [PMID: 37880814 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intake of sugar-sweetened beverages has been associated with weight gain. It is uncertain if replacing an existing use of sugar-sweetened beverages with non-caloric beverages results in long-term reduction in body weight. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to explore if a long-term reduction in body weight can be achieved by replacing an existing intake of sugar-sweetened beverages with non-caloric beverages. METHODS Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. PubMed and EMBASE were searched for literature. Studies with a "substitution" design were included, that is, studies where subjects substituted an existing intake of sugar-sweetened beverages with either artificially sweetened beverages or unsweetened beverages/water. Studies with 6 months or longer follow-up of weight change were included. RESULTS Six trials with a total of 1729 participants were included in the meta-analysis. Replacing an existing intake of sugar-sweetened beverages with a non-caloric beverage resulted in a long-term BMI reduction of 0.31 kg/m2 compared with the sugar-sweetened beverage-group (95% CI; 0.17-0.44). One study with 1 year's intervention and 2 years follow-up showed a regression towards baseline BMI after the intervention had ended. CONCLUSION Replacing an existing use of sugar-sweetened beverages with artificially sweetened beverages or unsweetened beverages resulted in a long-term 0.31 kg/m2 reduction in BMI equivalent to 0.5-1 kg in children and adults, respectively, as long as the interventions lasted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip A-S Tobiassen
- Centre for General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Køster-Rasmussen
- Centre for General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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23
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Cho Y, Ryu S, Kim R, Shin MJ, Oh H. Ultra-processed Food Intake and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Korean Adults. J Nutr 2024; 154:243-251. [PMID: 38007182 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies from the United States and European countries reported a positive association between ultra-processed food intake and diabetes risk. However, little is known about the association in Asian populations. It is also unknown about the individual ultra-processed food items that are most unfavorably associated with diabetes risk. OBJECTIVE We examined the associations of ultra-processed food intake (combined, as well as individual ultra-processed food items) with the risk of type 2 diabetes. METHODS This prospective analysis included 7438 participants aged 40-69 y from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study Ansan-Ansung cohort. Dietary intake was assessed at baseline using a 103-item semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire. Ultra-processed foods were classified using the Nova definition. Incident type 2 diabetes cases were identified via follow-up interviews and health examination. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS During the follow-up (2001-2019; median: 15 y), a total of 1187 type 2 diabetes cases were identified. Compared with the lowest quartile of ultra-processed food intake, the highest quartile was positively associated with diabetes risk [HR (95% CI) = 1.34 (1.13, 1.59), P-trend = 0.002]. The association did not change after additional adjustment for diet quality or BMI. Among individual ultra-processed food items, a higher consumption of ham/sausage [per 1% increase in the weight ratio: HR (95% CI) = 1.40 (1.05, 1.86)], instant noodles [1.07 (1.02, 1.11)], ice cream [1.08 (1.03, 1.13)], and carbonated beverages [1.02 (1.00, 1.04)] were associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes, whereas a higher intake of candy/chocolate was associated with a decreased risk [0.78 (0.62, 0.99)]. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that the high intake of ultra-processed foods, particularly ham/sausage, instant noodles, ice cream, and carbonated beverages, is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes in Korean adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonkyoung Cho
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seaun Ryu
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Rockli Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Health Policy and Management, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Jeong Shin
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; School of Biosystems and Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hannah Oh
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Health Policy and Management, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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24
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Widarjono A, Afin R, Kusnadi G, Firdaus MZ, Herlinda O. Taxing sugar sweetened beverages in Indonesia: Projections of demand change and fiscal revenue. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293913. [PMID: 38157352 PMCID: PMC10756547 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The global trend of diets high in sugar sweetened beverages (SSB) is associated with a high risk of obesity and non-communicable diseases (NCDs). To reduce SSB consumption on a population level, SSB taxes have become a popular policy solution. In Indonesia, although the prevalence of obesity has doubled in the past decade (11.7% in 2010 to 21.8% in 2018), SSB taxes have not yet been implemented. Utilizing the 2021 Indonesian household socioeconomic survey (SUSENAS), this study estimated price elasticities and projected the plausible effects of implementing an SSB tax on consumers' demand for SSBs and the associated government revenue using the Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System (QUAIDS) model. Five SSB groups were studied: 1) manufactured liquid milk; 2) sweetened condense milk; 3) instant coffee; 4) tea drinks and fizzy drinks with CO2; 5) fruit juices, "health" drinks, and energy drinks. The overall results showed that the non-milk SSB groups were price elastic. Probing deeper into the substitutions for SSB across categories, we found both substitutionary and complementary effects. Our analysis revealed that increasing SSB prices by 20% would reduce the demand for SSBs on average by 17.5% (14.3%-18.6% for each SSB group) and generate additional state revenue up to IDR 3,628.3 billion per year (approximately US$ 238.5 million or 0.2% of total tax revenue in 2022). Considering the health and economic impacts of high consumption of SSBs, this study provides empirical evidence that imposing taxes on SSBs could be an effective measure to reduce public consumption and to generate tax revenue for financing health programs that address obesity and NCDs in Indonesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agus Widarjono
- Center for Indonesia’s Strategic Development Initiatives (CISDI), Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Rifai Afin
- Center for Indonesia’s Strategic Development Initiatives (CISDI), Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Gita Kusnadi
- Center for Indonesia’s Strategic Development Initiatives (CISDI), Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Olivia Herlinda
- Center for Indonesia’s Strategic Development Initiatives (CISDI), Jakarta, Indonesia
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25
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Schäffer A, Groh KJ, Sigmund G, Azoulay D, Backhaus T, Bertram MG, Carney Almroth B, Cousins IT, Ford AT, Grimalt JO, Guida Y, Hansson MC, Jeong Y, Lohmann R, Michaels D, Mueller L, Muncke J, Öberg G, Orellana MA, Sanganyado E, Schäfer RB, Sheriff I, Sullivan RC, Suzuki N, Vandenberg LN, Venier M, Vlahos P, Wagner M, Wang F, Wang M, Soehl A, Ågerstrand M, Diamond ML, Scheringer M. Conflicts of Interest in the Assessment of Chemicals, Waste, and Pollution. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:19066-19077. [PMID: 37943968 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c04213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Pollution by chemicals and waste impacts human and ecosystem health on regional, national, and global scales, resulting, together with climate change and biodiversity loss, in a triple planetary crisis. Consequently, in 2022, countries agreed to establish an intergovernmental science-policy panel (SPP) on chemicals, waste, and pollution prevention, complementary to the existing intergovernmental science-policy bodies on climate change and biodiversity. To ensure the SPP's success, it is imperative to protect it from conflicts of interest (COI). Here, we (i) define and review the implications of COI, and its relevance for the management of chemicals, waste, and pollution; (ii) summarize established tactics to manufacture doubt in favor of vested interests, i.e., to counter scientific evidence and/or to promote misleading narratives favorable to financial interests; and (iii) illustrate these with selected examples. This analysis leads to a review of arguments for and against chemical industry representation in the SPP's work. We further (iv) rebut an assertion voiced by some that the chemical industry should be directly involved in the panel's work because it possesses data on chemicals essential for the panel's activities. Finally, (v) we present steps that should be taken to prevent the detrimental impacts of COI in the work of the SPP. In particular, we propose to include an independent auditor's role in the SPP to ensure that participation and processes follow clear COI rules. Among others, the auditor should evaluate the content of the assessments produced to ensure unbiased representation of information that underpins the SPP's activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Schäffer
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, 210023 Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Chongqing University, 400045 Chongqing, China
| | - Ksenia J Groh
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Gabriel Sigmund
- Environmental Technology, Wageningen University and Research, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - David Azoulay
- Center for International Environmental Law (CIEL), Washington, D.C. 20005, United States
| | - Thomas Backhaus
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Michael G Bertram
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå 907 36, Sweden
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm 114 18, Sweden
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
| | - Bethanie Carney Almroth
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ian T Cousins
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alex T Ford
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO4 9LY, United Kingdom
| | - Joan O Grimalt
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, 08034 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Yago Guida
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba 305-8506, Ibaraki, Japan
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Maria C Hansson
- The Centre for Environmental and Climate Science (CEC), Lund University, 22362 Lund, Sweden
| | - Yunsun Jeong
- Division of Environmental Health, Korea Environment Institute (KEI), 30147 Sejong, Republic of Korea
| | - Rainer Lohmann
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - David Michaels
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052, United States
| | - Leonie Mueller
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jane Muncke
- Food Packaging Forum Foundation, 8045 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gunilla Öberg
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Marcos A Orellana
- Global Toxics and Human Rights Project, American University Washington College of Law, Washington, D.C. 20016, United States
| | - Edmond Sanganyado
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, United Kingdom
| | - Ralf Bernhard Schäfer
- Institute for Environmental Sciences Landau, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Ishmail Sheriff
- School of Civil Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Ryan C Sullivan
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15217, United States
| | - Noriyuki Suzuki
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba 305-8506, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Laura N Vandenberg
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Marta Venier
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Penny Vlahos
- Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Martin Wagner
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Mengjiao Wang
- Greenpeace Research Laboratories, Department of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4RN, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Soehl
- International Panel on Chemical Pollution, 8044 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marlene Ågerstrand
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Miriam L Diamond
- Department of Earth Sciences and School of the Environment, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3B1, Canada
| | - Martin Scheringer
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
- RECETOX, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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Aljaadi AM, Turki A, Gazzaz AZ, Al-Qahtani FS, Althumiri NA, BinDhim NF. Soft and energy drinks consumption and associated factors in Saudi adults: a national cross-sectional study. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1286633. [PMID: 38115880 PMCID: PMC10729318 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1286633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The consumption of soft and energy drinks poses a significant risk for non-communicable diseases, such as diabetes and heart disease. Studies in Saudi Arabia have reported elevated consumption of soft/energy drinks, but nation-wide data is not available. Therefore, this study aims to explore the prevalence of soft and energy drinks consumption and its associated factors among a representative sample of Saudi adults. Methods The present research is a secondary data analysis of the 2021 Sharik Diet and Health National Survey (SDHNS). Current analysis used data on socio-demographics, anthropometrics, physical activity, and soft and energy drink consumption. The frequency of soft and energy drinks consumption is assessed on a weekly basis. Results Of the 5,194 Saudi adults, 3,928 were analyzed. Overall, 67% consumed soft drinks weekly, while 30% consumed energy drinks weekly. In multiple logistic regression, consumption of either soft drinks or energy drinks was associated with males, a younger age, lower income, and lower physical activity. Individuals with overweight or obesity were less likely to consume energy drinks [OR (95%CI): 0.83 (0.71, 0.99) and 0.73 (0.60, 0.90), respectively] than those with healthy weight. However, education level was not associated with either soft or energy drink consumption. These findings highlight the need for targeted interventions designed to reduce soft and energy drinks consumption in Saudi adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer M. Aljaadi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abrar Turki
- Clinical Nutrition Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafar Al Batin, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arwa Z. Gazzaz
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Saeed Al-Qahtani
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nora A. Althumiri
- Sharik Association for Research and Studies, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Informed Decision Making, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser F. BinDhim
- Sharik Association for Research and Studies, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Informed Decision Making, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Asa N, Knox MA, Oddo VM, Walkinshaw LP, Saelens BE, Chan N, Jones-Smith JC. Seattle's sweetened beverage tax implementation and changes in interior marketing displays. J Public Health Policy 2023; 44:588-601. [PMID: 37737324 DOI: 10.1057/s41271-023-00440-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Policymakers aim sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) taxes at decreasing SSB consumption; however, little is known about their impact on beverage marketing in the retail environment. We assessed changes in interior marketing displays within large food stores before and after the implementation of Seattle's SSB tax. We used Poisson difference-in-difference (DID) models to estimate whether presence and variety of interior beverage marketing displays in Seattle changed from before to after the tax compared to displays in non-taxed comparison area stores, overall, and by beverage type. We found no significant changes in overall SSB or non-SSB interior marketing displays in Seattle versus the comparison area. There was less of an increase in displays for diet soda (DID 0.79, 90% CI 0.65, 0.97), and more of an increase in displays for diet energy drinks (DID 1.78, 90% CI 1.03, 3.09) in Seattle versus comparison area. There was mixed evidence that stores changed interior marketing displays in response to the SSB tax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Asa
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Melissa A Knox
- Department of Economics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Vanessa M Oddo
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lina Pinero Walkinshaw
- Department of Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington, School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Brian E Saelens
- Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Research Institute and University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nadine Chan
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jessica C Jones-Smith
- Department of Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington, School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA
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Ritter PI. Soda expansion in the tropics: The effect on obesity rates among women without piped water at home. ECONOMICS AND HUMAN BIOLOGY 2023; 51:101274. [PMID: 37574609 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2023.101274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Obesity rates and soda consumption are increasing at a worrisome pace in developing countries. In particular, soda companies seem to be targeting areas with poor access to clean water. This paper exploits a natural experiment in Peru and finds evidence that changes in the price of soda generate important effects in terms of obesity among individuals without piped water at home. These significant effects are driven by a combination of a large effect in the consumption of soda and an effect close to zero in the consumption of potential substitutes high in calories. This paper also provides some evidence that a reduction in price of soda reduces diarrhea prevalence, suggesting that some individuals substitute away contaminated water. This evidence suggests that soda taxes might be particularly beneficial among this population in terms of the prevention of obesity and possibly related diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. The potential trade-off between obesity and diarrhea needs to be investigated in greater depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia I Ritter
- Department of Economics, University of Connecticut, 365 Fairfield Way, Unit 1063, Storrs, CT 06269-1063, United States of America.
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Ariyo O, Alabi O, Aleru EO, Ojo TJ. Effect of emotion-based nutrition messages on consumption of calcium-rich foods among early adolescents in Ogbomoso, Nigeria. DIALOGUES IN HEALTH 2023; 2:100130. [PMID: 38515477 PMCID: PMC10953985 DOI: 10.1016/j.dialog.2023.100130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Calcium is a vital micronutrient for several physiological processes, yet it remains one of the significant shortfall nutrients among Nigerian adolescents. Objective This study was designed to assess the effect of emotion-based nutrition messages on the consumption of calcium-rich foods among early adolescents in Ogbomoso, Nigeria. Methodology The quasi-experimental study involved 220 adolescents (experimental: 110 and control: 110) selected using a three-stage sampling procedure. A semi-structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic characteristics, dietary practice, calcium-rich foods consumption pattern, calcium intake, and anthropometric parameters. Second, calcium-rich foods consumption pattern was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire, and intake was evaluated using the multi-pass 24-hour dietary recall to define adequacy at intake level ≥1,300 mg per day. Third, the experimental group had five weeks of nutrition education using emotion-based nutrition messages. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Chi-square test at p < 0.05. Results The age of respondents (years) in experimental (12.88±1.41) and control (13.4±1.03) groups was similar. Primary dietary calcium sources were meat, chicken, egg, white beans, cheese, soy milk, oranges, and locust beans at baseline. At post-intervention, intake of other calcium-rich foods such as milk, yogurt, ice cream, okra, sardine, and unripe plantain increased, however, calcium intake remains similar in both control (238.41±92.4 mg; 235.40±92.92 mg) and experimental groups (239.76±51 mg; 241.46±100.89 mg) at baseline and post-intervention, respectively. The overall calcium intake of the adolescents remains below the recommended intake level of 1,300 mg. Conclusion Emotion-based nutritional messages did not significantly increase the total calcium intake among early adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwaseun Ariyo
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olubunmi Alabi
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Food and Consumer Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - Elizabeth O. Aleru
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Lead City University Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Tomilola J. Ojo
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
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Chegere MJ, Jires T, Fortunata S, Emmanuel M, Twalib N, Mary M, Jovin L. The Potential Effect of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages Tax on Obesity Prevalence in Tanzania. East Afr Health Res J 2023; 7:289-301. [PMID: 39219654 PMCID: PMC11364192 DOI: 10.24248/eahrj.v7i2.743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity and the associated non-communicable diseases contribute significantly to the disease burden in Tanzania. Obesity can be attributed to the consumption of Sugar Sweetened Beverages (SSB) due to their high sugar content that leads to high caloric intakes. This study estimates the effect of SSB tax on the prevalence of obesity. Methods A mathematical model that compares the reference population which is unchanged and a counterfactual population in which tax intervention has been introduced is developed. Changes in price and consumption of SSBs, and subsequent changes in energy intake are applied to estimate the body mass change by age groups. The change in body mass by age groups is merged with the reference population to estimate changes in body mass index and obesity. Results Imposing a 20% SSB tax in Tanzania is estimated to reduce the average overall energy intake by 76.1 kJ per person per day. This change is associated with an overall reduction of prevalence of obesity by 6.6%; and by 12.9% and 5.2% in adult males and adult females, respectively. The number of obese people will potentially decrease by about 47,000 among adult males and about 85,000 among adult females from the current levels. Conclusions The SSB tax is a potential strategy to complement efforts to reduce obesity prevalence in Tanzania. The revenue generated from the tax should be channelled towards public health promotion programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ngoma Twalib
- Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences
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Sandri E, Modesto I Alapont V, Cantín Larumbe E, Cerdá Olmedo G. Analysis of the Influence of Socio-Demographic Variables and Some Nutrition and Lifestyle Habits on Beverage Consumption in the Spanish Population. Foods 2023; 12:4310. [PMID: 38231745 DOI: 10.3390/foods12234310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Beverages and drinks play a significant role in maintaining the integral health of individuals. The aim of this study is to discover the pattern of beverage consumption in different groups of the Spanish population and to investigate its relationship with other nutritional variables and habits. To achieve the objectives, an observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted. For data collection, a questionnaire was designed and validated that explored different beverage and food consumption variables as well as socio-demographic and lifestyle variables. The instrument was disseminated, among the Spanish young adult population, through snowball sampling using social networks, collecting a sample of 17,541 valid surveys. Bivariate comparative analyses and correlation analyses were performed, and finally, the principal component analysis (PCA) method was used in order to study the relationships between variables related to drinking and health. The main results show significant differences in the pattern of beverage consumption between the socio-demographic variables of sex, age and educational level, as well as between different areas of Spain, while the PCA model shows the relationship between the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages with the Healthy Nutrition Index of the population and sport practice. Based on the results of the study, the following conclusions were reached: the beverage consumption pattern of the Spanish population is affected by socio-demographic variables. Healthier drinking habits affect the nutrition and health of the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Sandri
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, c/Quevedo 2, 46001 Valencia, Spain
- Doctoral School, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, c/Quevedo 2, 46001 Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicent Modesto I Alapont
- Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe de Valencia, Avenida de Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46017 Valencia, Spain
| | - Eva Cantín Larumbe
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Informática, Polytechnical University of Valencia, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Germán Cerdá Olmedo
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, c/Quevedo 2, 46001 Valencia, Spain
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Ricklefs-Johnson K, Pikosky MA, Cifelli CJ, Fulgoni K, Fulgoni VL, Agarwal S. Assessment of Beverage Trends and Replacing Nondairy Caloric Beverages with Milk at Meals across Childhood Improves Intake of Key Nutrients at Risk of Inadequate Consumption: An NHANES Modeling Study. Curr Dev Nutr 2023; 7:102020. [PMID: 38035204 PMCID: PMC10681945 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2023.102020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Milk is a key source of important nutrients including the nutrients of public health concern. However, most Americans do not meet current (dairy) United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) dietary guideline recommendations, and the intake has been declining. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate milk and beverage intake trends and nutrient intakes from these products in United States children aged 6-18 y and to model the effect of isocaloric substitution of nondairy beverages with milk. Methods Data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001-2018 for children age 6-8 (N = 4696), 9-13 (N = 8117) and 14-18 y (N = 8514) were used with milk and other beverage intakes determined from the first 24-h in-person dietary recall. Nutrient intake was determined using the NHANES cycle-specific total nutrient intake files. Nutrient modeling was performed by isocaloric substitution with milk of all nondairy beverages consumed during lunch and dinner meals combined. Sample-weighted analyses were performed using SAS 9.4. Results Between ages 6-8 and 14-18 y, daily intake of milk and flavored milk decreased by 10% and 62%, respectively, while daily intake of caloric beverages excluding milk increased by 96%. Daily intake from caloric beverages and milk combined decreased for fiber, protein, fat, saturated fat, calcium, magnesium, potassium, vitamin A, and vitamin D and increased for energy, carbohydrates, added sugars, and folate between ages 6-8 y and 14-18 y. Isocaloric substitution of all caloric nondairy beverages at meals with milk (using nutrient contribution of USDA milk, not further specified (NFS)) resulted in increases in protein, fat, saturated fat, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, vitamin A, folate, vitamin B12, and vitamin D and decreases in carbohydrate, fiber, and added sugar. Conclusion These findings provide additional evidence to support dietary recommendations for milk, and efforts should be made on behalf of leading health professionals and childhood meal programs to highlight milk as a beverage of choice in children and adolescents.
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Silveira VNDC, França AKTDC, Campelo CL, Machado PMA, dos Santos AM. Proposition of an Energy Intake Estimating Scale through Item Response Theory. Nutrients 2023; 15:4511. [PMID: 37960164 PMCID: PMC10650126 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional methods for assessing individual energy consumption often involve lengthy and intricate procedures. This study aims to introduce an Energy Consumption Estimation Scale, utilizing Item Response Theory (IRT) for adolescents aged 18-19 years. METHODS This psychometric investigation applies IRT to 93 items extracted from a validated food frequency questionnaire. The study encompasses a representative sample of 2515 adolescents from the São Luís birth cohort in Brazil. The latent trait, energy intake, is derived using IRT and subsequently validated through hierarchical multiple linear regression modeling. Significance was established at p < 0.05. RESULTS A Samejima's model was successfully fitted (CFI and TLI > 0.9 and RMSEA < 0.08), effectively capturing variations across all energy consumption levels. Factors associated with the latent trait demonstrate consistent behavioral patterns. Adolescents with higher energy intake exhibited increased consumption of dairy products, artificially sweetened beverages, and seasonal fruits and vegetables. CONCLUSIONS The proposed Energy Consumption Estimation Scale demonstrates a reliable measurement of energy intake and serves as a practical and concise alternative for assessing energy consumption among adolescents. These findings suggest the potential for adapting similar models for different age groups and incorporating diverse food items based on the obtained results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Nogueira da Cruz Silveira
- Postgraduate Programme in Collective Health, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65020-070, Brazil; (A.K.T.d.C.F.); (A.M.d.S.)
| | | | - Cleber Lopes Campelo
- Higher School of Health Sciences—Bachelor of Nursing, State University of Amazonas, Nurse at Brazilian Hospital Services Company (EBSERH), Manaus 69850-000, Brazil;
| | | | - Alcione Miranda dos Santos
- Postgraduate Programme in Collective Health, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65020-070, Brazil; (A.K.T.d.C.F.); (A.M.d.S.)
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Treskes RW, Clausen J, Marott JL, Jensen GB, Holtermann A, Gyntelberg F, Jensen MT. Use of sugar in coffee and tea and long-term risk of mortality in older adult Danish men: 32 years of follow-up from a prospective cohort study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292882. [PMID: 37851689 PMCID: PMC10584177 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tea and coffee are the most consumed beverages worldwide and very often sweetened with sugar. However, the association between the use of sugar in tea or coffee and adverse events is currently unclear. OBJECTIVES To investigate the association between the addition of sugar to coffee or tea, and the risk of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, cancer mortality and incident diabetes mellitus. METHODS Participants from the prospective Copenhagen Male Study, included from 1985 to 1986, without cardiovascular disease, cancer or diabetes mellitus at inclusion, who reported regular coffee or tea consumption were included. Self-reported number of cups of coffee and tea and use of sugar were derived from the study questionnaires. Quantity of sugar use was not reported. Primary outcome was all-cause mortality and secondary endpoints were cardiovascular mortality, cancer mortality and incident diabetes mellitus, all assessed through the Danish national registries. The association between adding sugar and all-cause mortality was analyzed by Cox regression analysis. Age, smoking status, daily alcohol intake, systolic blood pressure, body mass index, number of cups of coffee and/or tea consumed per day and socioeconomic status were included as covariates. Vital status of patients up and until 22.03.2017 was assessed. Sugar could be added to either coffee, tea or both. RESULTS In total, 2923 men (mean age at inclusion: 63±5 years) were included, of which 1007 (34.5%) added sugar. In 32 years of follow-up, 2581 participants (88.3%) died, 1677 in the non-sugar group (87.5%) versus 904 in the sugar group (89.9%). Hazard ratio of the sugar group compared to the non-sugar group was 1.06 (95% CI 0.98;1.16) for all-cause mortality. An interaction term between number of cups of coffee and/or tea per day and adding sugar was 0.99 (0.96;1.01). A subgroup analysis of coffee-only drinkers showed a hazard ratio of 1.11 (0.99;1.26). The interaction term was 0.98 (0.94;1.02). Hazard ratios for the sugar group compared to the non-sugar group were 1.11 (95% CI 0.97;1.26) for cardiovascular disease mortality, 1.01 (95% CI 0.87;1.17) for cancer mortality and 1.04 (95% CI 0.79;1.36) for incident diabetes mellitus. CONCLUSION In the present population of Danish men, use of sugar in tea and/or coffee was not significantly associated with increased risk of mortality or incident diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roderick W. Treskes
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Cardiology, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Andreas Holtermann
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Magnus T. Jensen
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
- The Copenhagen Male Study, Copenhagen, Denmark
- William Harvey Research Institute, NIHR Bart’s Biomedical Research Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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Ribeiro FJ, Teixeira R, Poínhos R. Dietary Habits and Gaming Behaviors of Portuguese and Brazilian Esports Players. Nutrients 2023; 15:4200. [PMID: 37836483 PMCID: PMC10574580 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
As the esports industry grows, marketing campaigns for fast food, soft drinks, alcoholic and energy drinks, and dietary supplements at related events intensify. Portuguese and Brazilian esports players' dietary patterns remain unexplored. This study aimed to characterize the dietary and gaming habits of esports players. We applied an anonymous, open online survey to a convenience sample of esports players that included the PREDIMED and the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale. The survey was shared through email and social media platforms, including Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Discord, WhatsApp, and Twitch. The sample (n = 579) was predominantly male (91.4%), averaged 26.1 (SD = 7.0) years, and 25.9 (SD = 5.5) kg/m2. Most reported a weak (53.7%) adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Almost a third (32.3%) consumed dietary supplements. Our sample presented a low adhesion to the Mediterranean dietary pattern, low consumption of fruit and vegetables, and high consumption of fast food, red and processed meat, soft drinks, and dietary supplements, including caffeine-based supplements. Dietary supplement consumption was related to a higher adhesion to the Mediterranean diet, and a higher level of professionalization and internet gaming disorder correlated with a lower adhesion. In conclusion, we infer that Portuguese and Brazilian esports players follow an unbalanced diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando J. Ribeiro
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Porto (FCNAUP), Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; (R.T.); (R.P.)
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto (FCUP), Rua do Campo Alegre, 1021, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel Teixeira
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Porto (FCNAUP), Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; (R.T.); (R.P.)
| | - Rui Poínhos
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Porto (FCNAUP), Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; (R.T.); (R.P.)
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Orysiak J, Młynarczyk M, Tomaszewski P. Fluid intake at work in foresters working in different thermal conditions. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15870. [PMID: 37741879 PMCID: PMC10518000 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41652-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary aim of this study was to assess the impact of fluid intake on hydration status indices in men at work. The secondary aim was to determine the type of fluids drunk at work in different thermal conditions. Fifty-nine male foresters were examined before and after one working day during summer, autumn, and winter. Before and after work, urine and blood samples were obtained from foresters. Immediately after a shift, participants completed a questionnaire regarding fluid intake during one working day. The amount of fluid consumed affects the hydration urine indices. Urine specific gravity and urine osmolality significantly decreased with increasing fluid intake (r = - 0.385 and r = - 0.405, respectively). Moreover, an impact of season on the type of fluids consumed by workers was observed. Tea was significantly more often chosen by workers to drink in winter (68%) than in summer (32%) (p = 0.026). The consumption of any non-alcoholic fluids contributes to the daily total water intake, but it is necessary to create individualized fluid replacement plans. Workers should know how much and what types of drinks to consume at work.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Orysiak
- Department of Ergonomics, Central Institute for Labour Protection-National Research Institute, Czerniakowska St. 16, 00-701, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - M Młynarczyk
- Department of Ergonomics, Central Institute for Labour Protection-National Research Institute, Czerniakowska St. 16, 00-701, Warsaw, Poland
| | - P Tomaszewski
- Department of Tourism and Recreation, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education, Marymoncka St. 34, 00-968, Warsaw, Poland
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Rosenthal MD, Schmidt LA, Vargas R, Blacker LS, McCulloch CE, Ezennia J, Patel AI. Drink Tap: A Multisector Program to Promote Water Access and Intake in San Francisco Parks. Prev Chronic Dis 2023; 20:E74. [PMID: 37616470 PMCID: PMC10457103 DOI: 10.5888/pcd20.230007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Taxes on sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), or drinks with added sugars, show promise in decreasing purchases and consumption of SSBs. Some have called for coupling such taxes with improvements in access to safe drinking water as a strategy for reducing inequities in SSB intake, yet no studies have examined such an approach. Drink Tap is a San Francisco-based program in which public tap water stations were installed in parks and public spaces (winter 2017) and promotional efforts (fall and winter 2018) encouraged water intake. At the same time, San Francisco and surrounding communities were also implementing SSB taxes. We conducted a quasi-experimental study to examine whether water access and promotion combined with SSB taxes affected beverage intake habits more than SSB taxes alone. We conducted 1-hour observations (N = 960) at 10 intervention parks (Drink Tap plus SSB taxes) and 20 comparison parks (SSB taxes only) in San Francisco Bay Area cities before (July-September 2016) and after (June-August 2019) implementation of Drink Tap. We found significant adjusted percentage increases in drinking water among visitors to intervention parks, compared with comparison parks: water from park water sources (+80%, P < .001) and water from reusable bottles (+40%, P = .02). We found no significant reductions in visitors observed drinking bottled water, juices, or SSBs. The Drink Tap intervention led to increases in water intake from park sources and reusable bottles across parks that surpassed increases achieved through SSB taxes alone. Jurisdictions should consider coupling tap water access and promotion with policies for reducing intake of SSBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret D Rosenthal
- School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham
- University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine, Department of Medical Education, 1670 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35233
| | - Laura A Schmidt
- Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Roberto Vargas
- Center for Community Engagement, Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Lauren S Blacker
- Division of General Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| | - Charles E McCulloch
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco
| | | | - Anisha I Patel
- Division of General Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
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Ferreira P, Warkentin S, Oliveira A. Appetitive traits and food groups consumption in school-aged children: prospective associations from the Generation XXI birth cohort. Eat Weight Disord 2023; 28:67. [PMID: 37542554 PMCID: PMC10404169 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-023-01586-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 08/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Appetite can influence children's dietary choices; however, this relationship in school-aged children is still unclear. We aimed to explore the prospective associations between child appetitive traits at age 7 and food consumption at 10 years of age. METHODS The study included 3860 children from the Generation XXI birth cohort, recruited in 2005/2006 in Porto, Portugal. The Children's Eating Behaviour Questionnaire was used to evaluate children's appetitive traits at 7 years. Food consumption was measured at 10 years through a validated Food Frequency Questionnaire. Logistic regression models were performed and adjusted for possible confounders. RESULTS Children with greater Enjoyment of Food at 7 years were 36% more likely to eat fruits ≥ 2 times/day and 54% more likely to eat vegetables > 2.5 times/day at 10 years compared to those with less frequent consumption. Children who ate more in response to negative emotions had higher odds of consuming energy-dense foods (OR = 1.33; 99% CI 1.13-1.58) and salty snacks (OR = 1.28; 99% CI 1.08-1.51) 3 years later. Those with less ability to adjust intake (higher Satiety Responsiveness) and more selective about foods (higher Food Fussiness) at 7 years were less likely to consume vegetables frequently, and were more likely to consume energy-dense foods and sugar-sweetened beverages. CONCLUSIONS Children's appetitive traits at 7 years were associated with the consumption of several food groups at 10 years of age. Eating more in response to negative emotions (Emotional Eating), with less ability to adjust intake (Satiety Responsiveness) and more food selectivity (Food Fussiness) were associated with worse dietary choices (in general, lower fruit and vegetables, and higher energy-dense foods and sugar-sweetened beverages consumption). LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III: Evidence obtained from well-designed cohort or case-control analytic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Ferreira
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto [Institute of Public Health, University of Porto], University of Porto, Rua das Taipas nº135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health [ITR], University of Porto, Rua das Taipas nº135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sarah Warkentin
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto [Institute of Public Health, University of Porto], University of Porto, Rua das Taipas nº135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health [ITR], University of Porto, Rua das Taipas nº135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreia Oliveira
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto [Institute of Public Health, University of Porto], University of Porto, Rua das Taipas nº135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal.
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health [ITR], University of Porto, Rua das Taipas nº135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal.
- Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal.
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McDonough C, Li YC, Vangeepuram N, Liu B, Pandey G. Facilitating youth diabetes studies with the most comprehensive epidemiological dataset available through a public web portal. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.08.02.23293517. [PMID: 37577465 PMCID: PMC10418570 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.02.23293517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and prediabetes (preDM) is rapidly increasing among youth, posing significant health and economic consequences. To address this growing concern, we created the most comprehensive youth-focused diabetes dataset to date derived from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 1999 to 2018. The dataset, consisting of 15,149 youth aged 12 to 19 years, encompasses preDM/DM relevant variables from sociodemographic, health status, diet, and other lifestyle behavior domains. An interactive web portal, POND (Prediabetes/diabetes in youth ONline Dashboard), was developed to provide public access to the dataset, allowing users to explore variables potentially associated with youth preDM/DM. Leveraging statistical and machine learning methods, we conducted two case studies, revealing established and lesser-known variables linked to youth preDM/DM. This dataset and portal can facilitate future studies to inform prevention and management strategies for youth prediabetes and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine McDonough
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yan Chak Li
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nita Vangeepuram
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bian Liu
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gaurav Pandey
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Nouri M, Shateri Z, Rezaei M, Zangene A, Homayounfar R, Keshani P. Healthy beverage index could decrease odds of metabolic syndrome: A cross-sectional study. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:4562-4571. [PMID: 37576062 PMCID: PMC10420765 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Some studies indicated that sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) were related to MetS risk, and others found no relationship between MetS and SSBs. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the relationship between healthy beverage index (HBI) and MetS in Iranian adults. This cross-sectional study was performed on baseline data FASA cohort. Out of 10,127 participants in the FASA cohort study, 8838 participants were included in this study. The National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel (ATP) III was used for MetS definition. The HBI was calculated by a 125-item food frequency questionnaire with standard criteria. The association between HBI and MetS and its components was evaluated by univariate regression. Multivariate regression with the backward method was used for adjusting confounders. p < .05 was considered as statistically significant. Compared to the first quartile, it was observed that HBI in the last quartile was significantly related to lower odds of MetS in the multivariate analysis (odds ratio [OR] = 0.72; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.60-0.87, p < .001). Also, we observed a significant association between the last quartile of HBI with lower odds of high waist circumference (WC) (OR = 0.55; 95% CI: 0.45-0.67, p < .002). Our findings showed that the higher HBI score reduced MetS odds and WC. Therefore, to reduce the odds of MetS, a healthy pattern of beverage consumption, including drinking water, low-fat milk, unsweetened tea, and coffee, and reducing the consumption of SSB are recommended. More studies are needed to confirm the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Nouri
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food SciencesShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
- Student Research CommitteeShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of HealthShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Zainab Shateri
- Student Research CommitteeAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
| | - Mahshid Rezaei
- Science and Research BranchIslamic Azad University of TehranTehranIran
| | - Ali Zangene
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food SciencesIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| | - Reza Homayounfar
- Non‐Communicable Diseases Research CenterFasa University of Medical SciencesFasaIran
| | - Parisa Keshani
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of HealthShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
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Azad AK, Huque R. The crowding-out effect of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) on household expenditure patterns in Bangladesh. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1411. [PMID: 37481536 PMCID: PMC10363303 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16290-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) or sugary drinks may reduce or even eliminate the household income allocation for other essential commodities. Reducing expenditure for consumption of other household commodities is known as the crowding-out effect of SSB. We aimed to determine the crowding-out effect of SSB expenditure on other household commodities. In addition, we also identified the factors influencing the household's decision to purchase of SSBs. METHODS We used the logistic regression (logit and multinomial logit models) and the Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) models. In order to find the probability of a given change in the socio-demographic variables, we also estimated the average marginal effects from the logistic regression. In addition, we regressed the SUR model by gender differences. We used Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES) 2016 data to estimate our chosen econometric models. HIES is nationally representative data on the household level across the country and is conducted using a multistage random sampling method by covering 46,075 households. RESULTS The findings from the logit model describe that the greater proportion of male members, larger household size, household heads with higher education, profession, having a refrigerator, members living outside of the house, and households with higher income positively affect the decision of purchasing SSB. However, the determinants vary with the various types of SSB. The unadjusted crowding out effect shows that expenditure on SSB or sugar-added drinks crowds out the household expenditure on food, clothing, housing, and energy items. On the other hand, the adjusted crowding out effect crowds out the spending on housing, education, transportation, and social and state responsibilities. CONCLUSION Although the household expenditure on beverages and sugar-added drinks is still moderate (around 2% of monthly household expenditure), the increased spending on beverages and sugar-added drinks is a concern due to the displacement of household expenditure for basic commodities such as food, clothing, housing, education, and energy. Therefore, evidence-based policies to regulate the sale and consumption of SSB are required for a healthy nation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abul Kalam Azad
- Department of Economics, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh.
| | - Rumana Huque
- Department of Economics, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
- ARK Foundation, Flat C3 and C4, House # 6; Road # 109, Gulshan 2, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
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Dumith SC, Martins OPL, Moreira MKV, Paulitsch RG, Simões MO, Marmitt LP, Silva PEA, Silva MP. Is the increment of diabetes mellitus in Brazil associated with the consumption of artificially sweetened beverages? A time trend analysis with 757,386 adults from 2006 to 2020. Public Health 2023; 221:66-72. [PMID: 37421755 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe trends in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) in Brazil and to analyze its association with the consumption of artificially sweetened beverages among individuals aged 18 years or older. STUDY DESIGN This was a repeated cross-sectional study. METHODS Annual data from VIGITEL surveys (2006-2020) were used, which included adults from all Brazilian state capitals. The outcome was the prevalence of DM (type 1 and type 2). The main exposure variable was consuming beverages like soft drinks and artificial juices, either in its 'diet, light, or zero' form. Covariates included sex, age, sociodemographic characteristics, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, fruit consumption, and obesity. The temporal trend in the indicators and the etiological fraction (population attributable risk [PAR]) were calculated. Analyses were performed using Poisson regression. The association between DM and consumption of beverages was tested, excluding the year 2020 due to the pandemic; restricting the analysis to the final three years (2018-2020). RESULTS Overall, 757,386 subjects were included. The prevalence of DM increased from 5.5% to 8.2%, with an annual growth of 0.17 percentage points (95% CI 0.11-0.24). Among those who consumed diet/light/zero beverages, the annual percentage change of DM was four times greater. The PAR corresponding to the consumption of diet/light/zero beverages on the occurrence of DM was 17%. CONCLUSIONS An increasing prevalence of DM was observed, while diet/light/zero beverages consumption remains stable. A substantial reduction in the annual percentage change of DM could be observed if people stopped consuming diet/light soda/juice.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Dumith
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de Rio Grande. Rio Grande, RS, CEP: 96203-900, Brazil; Grupo de Pesquisa em Atividade Física e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, CEP: 96203-900, Brazil
| | - O P L Martins
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de Rio Grande. Rio Grande, RS, CEP: 96203-900, Brazil; Grupo de Pesquisa em Atividade Física e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, CEP: 96203-900, Brazil
| | - M K V Moreira
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Atividade Física e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, CEP: 96203-900, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, CEP: 96020-220, Brazil
| | - R G Paulitsch
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Atividade Física e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, CEP: 96203-900, Brazil; Empresa Brasileira de Serviços Hospitalares, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, CEP: 96203-900, Brazil
| | - M O Simões
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Atividade Física e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, CEP: 96203-900, Brazil; Universidade Vale do Rio Doce, Governador Valadares, MG, CEP: 35020-220, Brazil
| | - L P Marmitt
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Atividade Física e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, CEP: 96203-900, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Biosciences and Health, Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina, Joaçaba, SC, CEP: 89600-000, Brazil.
| | - P E A Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de Rio Grande. Rio Grande, RS, CEP: 96203-900, Brazil
| | - M P Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de Rio Grande. Rio Grande, RS, CEP: 96203-900, Brazil; Grupo de Pesquisa em Atividade Física e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, CEP: 96203-900, Brazil
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Pagano A, McCuistian C, Le T, Campbell BK, Delucchi K, Woodward-Lopez G, Guydish J. Smoking Behavior and Wellness among Individuals in Substance Use Disorder Treatment. J Psychoactive Drugs 2023; 55:330-341. [PMID: 35815722 PMCID: PMC9826798 DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2022.2095942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco-related morbidity and mortality disproportionately affect people with substance use disorders (SUD). Encouraging overall wellness may support tobacco use cessation. We investigated relationships between wellness (health status, physical activity, sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption), cigarette smoking, and smoking cessation among SUD treatment patients to inform clinical care. Cross-sectional surveys were conducted with 395 patients in 20 California residential SUD programs. Using multivariate regression, we examined associations between smoking status and wellness. Among smokers, we examined associations between lifetime smoking exposure, cessation behaviors and attitudes, and wellness. Compared to nonsmokers (n = 121), smokers (n = 274) reported more SSB consumption, poorer physical health, and more respiratory symptoms. Among smokers, SSB consumption and respiratory symptoms increased per ten pack-years of smoking. Smokers with respiratory symptoms reported higher motivation to quit and more use of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT). Smokers with more days of poor mental health reported lower motivation to quit. Overall, cigarette smoking was associated with other health-risk behaviors among SUD treatment patients. Respiratory symptoms may increase, and poor mental health may decrease, SUD patients' intent to quit smoking. To reduce chronic disease risk among SUD patients, treatment programs should consider promoting overall wellness concurrently with smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pagano
- Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco, 490 Illinois Street, Floor 7, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Caravella McCuistian
- Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco, 490 Illinois Street, Floor 7, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Thao Le
- Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco, 490 Illinois Street, Floor 7, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Barbara K. Campbell
- Division of General & Internal Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239-3098
| | - Kevin Delucchi
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, 401 Parnassus Ave, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Gail Woodward-Lopez
- University of California Nutrition Policy Institute, 1111 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Oakland, CA 94607
| | - Joseph Guydish
- Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco, 490 Illinois Street, Floor 7, San Francisco, CA 94158
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Jahanbazi L, Abbasalizad Farhangi M, Tousi AZ, Nikrad N. The Association Between Healthy Beverage Index (HBI) With Metabolic Risk Factors Among Apparently Metabolically Healthy Overweight and Obese Individuals. Clin Nutr Res 2023; 12:218-228. [PMID: 37593211 PMCID: PMC10432163 DOI: 10.7762/cnr.2023.12.3.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have evaluated the association between specific beverage intake and metabolic risks in adults. However, more evidence is needed to examine the association between the Healthy Beverage Index (HBI) and metabolic factors. Therefore, this study investigated the relationship between HBI and metabolic factors in adults. In this cross-sectional study, 338 overweight and obese individuals living in Tabriz, Iran were selected. Data on beverage consumption, demographics, physical activity, and anthropometric characteristics were evaluated using validated standard protocols. The predefined HBI was calculated based on previous studies. The mean value of HBI index among all of the participants was 59.76 ± 6.51. Those at the higher HBI scores had significantly lower waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, fat mass, and weight (p < 0.05). HBI and triglyceride scores also had a significant relationship. It has been shown that at higher HBI scores compared to lower scores, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels increase while homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, and blood pressure decrease. HBI scores higher among Iranian adults were associated with a better chance of losing weight and weight loss and a better lipid profile, and lower blood pressure. Therefore, HBI can be a useful and helpful tool for assessing the overall quality of beverages adults consume. However, further studies are warranted to confirm the possible health effects of healthy beverage index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Jahanbazi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5165665811, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Abbasalizad Farhangi
- Tabriz Health Services Management Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5165990001, Iran
| | - Ayda Zahiri Tousi
- Razavi Cancer Research Center, Razavi Hospital, Imam Reza International University, Mashhad 9189865456, Iran
| | - Negin Nikrad
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166614711, Iran
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Devall MA, Eaton S, Hu G, Sun X, Jakum E, Venkatesh S, Powell SM, Yoshida C, Weisenberger DJ, Cooper GS, Willis J, Ebrahim S, Zoellner J, Casey G, Li L. Potential role of fructose on human colon DNA methylation in racial disparities observed for colorectal cancer risk. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.05.31.23290777. [PMID: 37398462 PMCID: PMC10312841 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.31.23290777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Background and aims An increasing body of observational studies has linked fructose intake to colorectal cancer (CRC). African Americans (AAs) are significantly more likely than European Americans to consume greater quantities of fructose and to develop right-side colon cancer. Yet, a mechanistic link between these two associations remains poorly defined. We aimed to identify differentially methylated regions (DMRs) associated with dietary fructose consumption measures obtained from food frequency questionnaires in a cohort of normal colon biopsies derived from AA men and women (n=79). Methods DNA methylation data from this study was obtained using the Illumina Infinium MethylationEPIC kit and is housed under accession GSE151732. DMR analysis was carried out using DMRcate in right and matched left colon, separately. Secondary analysis of CRC tumors was carried out using data derived from TCGA-COAD, GSE101764 and GSE193535. Differential expression analysis was carried out on CRC tumors from TCGA-COAD using DESeq2 . Results We identified 4,263 right-side fructose-DMRs. In contrast, only 24 DMRs survived multiple testing corrections (FDR<0.05) in matched, left colon. To identify targets by which dietary fructose drives CRC risk, we overlaid these findings with data from three CRC tumor datasets. Remarkably, almost 50% of right-side fructose-DMRs overlapped regions associated with CRC in at least one of three datasets. TNXB and CDX2 ranked among the most significant fructose risk DMRs in right and left colon respectively that also displayed altered gene expression in CRC tumors. Conclusions Our mechanistic data support the notion that fructose has a greater CRC-related effect in right than left AA colon, alluding to a potential role for fructose in contributing to racial disparities in CRC.
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Xu X, Cui H, Xu J, Yuan Z, Li J, Yang L, Wang S, Liu H, Zhu D. Effects of cold storage time on the quality and active probiotics of yogurt fermented by Bifidobacterium lactis and commercial bacteria Danisco. J Food Sci 2023. [PMID: 37243357 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the commercial bacteria Danisco and Bifidobacterium lactis were used to ferment soy yogurt, and then the quality of yogurt and the number of active probiotics in yogurt during storage were investigated. The results showed that the total number of viable bacteria in soy yogurt increased first and then decreased, but all of them met the standard for the number of viable bacteria in probiotic foods. The content of protein, lipid, and total sugar in soy yogurt decreased gradually with the extension of storage time. The texture, water holding capacity, and rheological properties of soy yogurt were improved within 0-10 days, and there was no significant change after 15 days. However, brightness and whiteness of yogurt were significantly reduced. Based on realizing the reuse of soy whey, this study provided a theoretical basis for the research of the shelf life of soy yogurt. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This study developed a soy yogurt with good quality and provided a theoretical basis for the study of the shelf life of soy yogurt. In addition, some technical support was provided for the reuse of soy whey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Xu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Huaitian Cui
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Jiaxin Xu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Zhiheng Yuan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Jun Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Lina Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Shengnan Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, China
| | - He Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Danshi Zhu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, China
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Adeoye I. Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption among pregnant women attending general and teaching hospitals in Ibadan, Nigeria : SSB consumption during pregnancy. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:980. [PMID: 37237281 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15828-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) have become a global health concern because of their adverse health effects and their association with the obesity pandemic. It has not received much attention in sub-Saharan Africa, including Nigeria, especially among pregnant women. The pattern, frequency and factors associated with SSBs among pregnant women in Ibadan, Nigeria, were investigated. DESIGN Data were from the Ibadan Pregnancy Cohort Study - a prospective cohort study investigating 1745 pregnant women from four comprehensive obstetric facilities in Ibadan. A qualitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assess the pregnant women's intake of food and drinks over the previous months. Sugar-sweetened beverage variable and scores were also generated using the principal component analysis with varimax rotation. Factors associated with high SSB scores were examined using multivariate logistics regression analyses at a 5% significance level. RESULTS The most commonly consumed SSBs were cocoa-sweetened beverages, soft drinks, malt drinks, and fruit juice. A quarter of the women (75th percentile) consumed SSB more than once weekly. The factors associated with high SSB on multivariate analysis were; being employed (AOR: 1.52, 95% CI 1.02-2.26), maternal obesity (AOR: 0.065, 95% CI 0.47-0.89), high fruit intake (AOR:3.62, 95% CI 2.62-4.99), high green vegetable consumption (AOR:1.99, 95% CI 1.06-3.74), high milk intake (AOR: 2.13, 95% CI 1.65- 2.74), frequent fast food outlet visit (AOR: 2.19, 95% CI 1.53-1.70), all of these remained significant after adjusting for confounding variables. CONCLUSION SSBs were common among our study population. Factors associated with high SSBs intake are crucial for implementing locally relevant public health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikeola Adeoye
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Faculty of Public Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
- Consortium for Advanced Research Training in Africa (CARTA), Nairobi, Kenya.
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Hoogstoel F, Samadoulougou S, Diouf A, Savoye I, Donnen P, Van der Heyden J, Kirakoya-Samadoulougou F. Adherence to '5-2-1-0' guidelines and multiple risky behaviours among adolescents in nine sub-Saharan African countries: evidence from Global School-based Student Health Survey 2012-2017. BMJ Nutr Prev Health 2023; 6:91-99. [PMID: 37559967 PMCID: PMC10407405 DOI: 10.1136/bmjnph-2022-000488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Overweight and obesity constitute a new challenge in low-income and middle-countries. The obesity prevention programme, called '5-2-1-0', promotes healthy eating habits, physical activity and limited screen time among young people.This study aimed to assess adherence to the '5-2-1-0' recommendations and to study multiple risky behaviours among adolescents in nine countries in sub-Saharan Africa. METHODS Meta-analyses with a random effect were used to calculate overall prevalence. Non-random patterns of the co-occurrence of the four risky behaviours were explored using observed/expected prevalence ratios. Data came from the Global School-based Health Survey and 18 314 adolescents were considered. RESULTS Among the participants, 12.7% (95% CI 7.5% to 19.0%) had overweight and 3.2% (95% CI 1.1% to 6.1%) had obesity. In almost all countries studied, girls were more affected by overweight and obesity than boys.While only 0.2% (95% CI 0.1% to 0.4%) of the adolescents fully complied with the recommendations, 4.8% (95% CI 3.1% to 6.9%), 28.4% (95% CI 22.4% to 34.8%), 43.8% (95% CI 41.9% to 45.8%) and 17.0% (95% CI 11.8% to 23.0%), respectively, combined 1, 2, 3 and 4 risky behaviours among the four '5-2-1-0' criteria. The most observed combination was found for co-occurrence of three risky behaviours: insufficient fruit/vegetables consumption, physical activity and non-zero consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the insufficient adherence to '5-2-1-0' recommendations and the high prevalence of the co-occurrence of risky behaviours underscore the need to strengthen health interventions and programmes to prevent obesity among adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Hoogstoel
- Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie, Biostatistique et Recherche Clinique, Ecole de Santé Publique, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
- Institute of Statistics, Biostatistics and Actuarial Sciences (ISBA), Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Sékou Samadoulougou
- Evaluation Platform on Obesity Prevention, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Quebec, Montreal, Canada
- Centre for Research on Planning and Development (CRAD), Laval University, Quebec, Montreal, Canada
| | - Adama Diouf
- Département de Biologie Animale, UCAD, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Isabelle Savoye
- Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie, Biostatistique et Recherche Clinique, Ecole de Santé Publique, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Philippe Donnen
- Centre de Recherche 'Politiques et Systèmes de Santé-Santé Internationale’, Ecole de Santé Publique, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | | | - Fati Kirakoya-Samadoulougou
- Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie, Biostatistique et Recherche Clinique, Ecole de Santé Publique, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
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Adedeji TG, Jeje SO, Omayone TP, Dareowolabi BO. Soda intake influences phenotype, antioxidants and inflammatory status in high protein-fed wistar rats. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15781. [PMID: 37180936 PMCID: PMC10172790 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
An increasing population of people, especially young adults who exercise, consume high protein diets along with carbonated drinks. While there are numerous studies on the effect of high protein diets, there is a need to understand how protein diets in combination with carbonated drinks impact physiology. In order to assess these effects on wistar rats' phenotype, antioxidants and inflammatory profiles, 64 wistar rats were divided into dietary groups of 8 male and 8 female animals each. The animals were fed standard diet as control (chow), chow and carbonated soda, a high protein diet (48.1% energy from protein) and a high protein diet with carbonated soda according to their groups. Body measurements, blood glucose levels, serum insulin levels, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant activity, adipokines and inflammatory markers concentrations were all determined. At the end of the study, body measurements, inflammatory markers and adipokine concentration were increased in animals fed the high protein diet and high protein-soda diet. There was a decrease in antioxidant and lipid peroxidation levels in protein fed male and female animals but those fed protein in combination with soda had increased lipid peroxidation levels. In conclusion, high protein diet in combination with carbonated soda impacts physiology differently from a high protein diet alone, and may stimulate weight gain, oxidative stress and HPD-related inflammation in Wistar rats.
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Gerhardus MJ, Klammer S, Galatsch M, Weigel R. Use and Acceptance of Drinking Fountains: A Pilot Study in Two Secondary Schools in Dortmund, Germany. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:children10050817. [PMID: 37238365 DOI: 10.3390/children10050817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Water drinking is essential to reduce obesity in children, but effective means for implementation remain controversial. Our study assesses students' and teachers' use of and attitudes towards drinking fountains in two urban secondary schools. (2) Methods: In a cross-sectional study, answers from students and teachers to a 28- and 19-item questionnaire, respectively, containing closed- and open-ended questions and short interviews with the schools' two principals were described and analysed using the question-specific number of responses as the denominator. (3) Results: Questionnaires of one hundred sixty-two students and ten teachers were analysed; 36.1% of students responded. Students viewed the schools' two fountains as a good idea (73.3%, n = 118), recommended them to other schools (73.1%, n = 117), and felt able to distinguish healthy from unhealthy drinks (70.5%, n = 110). In contrast, 55.7% (n = 88) reported using the fountains regularly; over a week, 39.8% (n = 47) used them less than once; 26.3% (n = 31) used them one to two times. Only about a third (26.5%, n = 43) reported consuming more water since the fountains' installation. Teachers' responses were similar to students'; principals stressed planning and costs. (4) Conclusions: A discrepancy between a good attitude towards and actual use of drinking fountains may exist; school communities may need to look for measures to overcome it.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susanne Klammer
- Child and Adolescent Health Services, Public Health Department Dortmund, 44137 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Michael Galatsch
- Institute of Nursing, School of Health Science, Zürich University of Applied Science, ZHAW, 8001 Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Ralf Weigel
- Child and Adolescent Health Services, Public Health Department Dortmund, 44137 Dortmund, Germany
- Friede Springer Endowed Professorship for Global Child Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, 58455 Witten, Germany
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