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Mamudu L, Chiangong J, Curry M, McEligot AJ, Mamudu HM, Williams F. The influence of nativity/birthplace, neighborhood cohesion, and duration lived in the neighborhood on psychological distress. JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS REPORTS 2024; 17:100798. [PMID: 38855351 PMCID: PMC11156170 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Nativity/birthplace and neighborhood cohesion are potential contributing factors to psychological distress. This study explores the impact of nativity/birthplace and neighborhood cohesion on moderate-severe psychological distress among United States (US) adults, considering the duration lived in a neighborhood. Methods Using the 2013-2018 National Health Interview Survey data, we conducted a stratified analysis based on years lived in the neighborhood (≤10 years [n = 96,175] and >10 years [n = 68,187]). Bivariate chi-square tests and multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the statistical differences and associations between moderate-severe psychological distress and nativity/birthplace, and neighborhood cohesion, while adjusting for other covariates. Results Individuals with 10 years or less of residence reported higher levels of moderate-severe psychological distress than those with more than 10 years (22.3 % vs. 18.1 %). Low or medium neighborhood cohesion, regardless of duration of residence, was associated with significantly higher odds of moderate-severe psychological distress compared to high cohesion. Foreign-born individuals had higher odds of psychological distress after more than 10 years in a neighborhood, although this difference was not statistically significant. However, they had lower odds of psychological distress after 10 years or less in the neighborhood compared to US-born individuals. Similarly, the interaction of foreign-born status and 10 years or less of residence in a neighborhood showed decreased odds of psychological distress. Conclusions These findings underscore the importance of strong social cohesion in neighborhoods for positive mental well-being. Establishing community initiatives to enhance neighborhood social cohesion is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lohuwa Mamudu
- Department of Public Health, College of Health and Human Sciences, California State University, Fullerton, CA, USA
| | - Jolyna Chiangong
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael Curry
- Information Management Services Inc., Calverton, MD, USA
| | - Archana J. McEligot
- Department of Public Health, College of Health and Human Sciences, California State University, Fullerton, CA, USA
| | - Hadii M. Mamudu
- Center for Cardiovascular Risk Research, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
- College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Faustine Williams
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Tibiriçá L, Kohn J, Patapoff M, Williams AP, Palmer BW, Barrio C. Acculturation and clinical symptoms of schizophrenia among Latine adults in the United States. Schizophr Res 2024; 266:145-152. [PMID: 38402654 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2024.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research on acculturation and schizophrenia spectrum disorders has yielded inconsistent findings. This study aimed to clarify the influence of acculturation on symptomatology in Latine individuals with schizophrenia in the United States. METHODS The analysis involved cross-sectional data from Latine (n = 120) and non-Latine White (n = 60) adults with schizophrenia in San Diego, California. Participants completed the Short Acculturation Scale for Hispanics (SASH), Positive and Negative Symptom Scale, and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale in their preferred language. Univariate linear regressions were implemented to identify proxy measures as predictors of acculturation scores. Analyses of variance were conducted to analyze the relationship of SASH scores and proxy measures of acculturation to symptom severity. RESULTS Latine participants presented more symptom severity than non-Latine Whites. When categorized by acculturation status (Spanish-preferring, bicultural, and English-preferring), Spanish-preferring participants presented similar psychiatric symptoms to the non-Latine group and less severe symptoms than both other Latine groups. Analyses identified study language as the strongest proxy measure for the SASH. Latine participants assessed in English had significantly worse positive and depressive symptoms than those assessed in Spanish. Nativity status moderated the relationship between study language and symptomatology. CONCLUSIONS Findings support an association between acculturation and symptom severity among Latine individuals with schizophrenia. The use of proxy measures of acculturation may be useful in settings where time is constrained. Future research should continue to explore acculturation and symptomatology in Latine communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lize Tibiriçá
- Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jordan Kohn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Molly Patapoff
- Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Allison P Williams
- Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Barton W Palmer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC), San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Concepcion Barrio
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Gusman MS, Safa MD, Grimm KJ, Doane LD. Contextualizing Bicultural Competence Across Youths' Adaptation From High School to College: Prospective Associations With Mental Health and Substance Use. Clin Psychol Sci 2024; 12:320-343. [PMID: 38571551 PMCID: PMC10989737 DOI: 10.1177/21677026231159667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Bicultural competence, the ability to navigate bicultural demands, is a salient developmental competency for youth of color linked with positive adjustment. This study investigated how discrimination experiences informed developmental trajectories of behavioral and affective bicultural competence across youth's adaptation from high school to college, and how these biculturalism trajectories predicted later adjustment (i.e., internalizing symptoms and binge drinking). Data were collected between 2016 through 2020 and included 206 U.S. Latino youth (Mage=17.59, 64% female, 85% Mexican origin, 11% first and 62% second generation immigrants). Linear latent growth analyses revealed that youth who experienced greater time-varying discrimination demonstrated lower concurrent behavioral and affective bicultural competence. Higher behavioral bicultural competence intercepts were associated with fewer internalizing symptoms in the third college year. No other significant associations emerged for internalizing symptoms or binge drinking. These findings have implications for mental health equity among Latino youth during a critical period of psychopathology onset.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M. Dalal Safa
- Harvard Graduate School of Education, Harvard University
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Colón LT. Coloniality and Ethnic Variation in Psychological Distress Among US Latinx Immigrants. J Immigr Minor Health 2023; 25:1374-1381. [PMID: 37097412 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-023-01481-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
To address ethnic variation and potential cross-cultural measurement error in diagnostic criteria, this study extends on the racialized ethnicities framework to examine how Latinxs' self-reported psychological distress differ among ethnic groups. Utilizing data from the National Health Interview Survey, logistic regression models and partial proportional odds models assessed differences in likelihood of self-reporting frequent anxiety, depression, and psychological distress among Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, Dominican, and Central and South American immigrants. Membership in Caribbean Latinx ethnic groups, and the Puerto Rican ethnic group in particular, was significantly associated with higher predicted probabilities of frequent anxious and depressive feelings, and severe psychological distress, relative to membership in non-Caribbean Latinx ethnic groups. This work highlights the need for research on Latinxs to disaggregate among ethnic groups, and proposes the existence of a gradient of exposure to the psychosocial consequences of US coloniality that might explain some of these variations.
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Richard SL, Renn BN, Kim J, Tran DMT, Feng D. Mental health is related to metabolic syndrome: The Hispanic community health study/ study of Latinos. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2023; 152:106085. [PMID: 36989563 PMCID: PMC10249587 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with common mental health conditions. Using cross-sectional data from the observational Hispanic Community Health Study / Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL), this study examined the relationship between MetS and depression and anxiety in addition to testing moderating effects of gender and Hispanic heritage subgroups. METHODS Participants included 13,496 Hispanic Americans aged 18-74 (59% women, mean age 46.59 ± 13.65) from seven heritage subgroups. Depression was measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression 10-item scale, and anxiety was assessed using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory 10-item scale. A 3-level categorical variable was developed to assess the combined influence of depression and anxiety. The dependent variable is dichotomous, delineating the presence or absence of MetS as defined by the National Cholesterol Education Program Third Adult Treatment Panel. Logistic regression and Hayes' PROCESS macro assessed these relationships and the moderating effects of gender-heritage subgroups. RESULTS Results suggest depression (p < .001) and anxiety (p < .001) were associated with an increased likelihood of MetS. Puerto Ricans had the highest, and South Americans had the lowest, levels of depression and anxiety. Gender moderated the relationship between mental health and MetS, with women having a significant increase in the probability of MetS with depression (p < .001), anxiety (p < .001), or both (p < .001). CONCLUSION Elevated symptoms of depression and anxiety are associated with the presence of MetS in US Hispanic subgroups. Gender-heritage differences are present among the study variables. Strategies to manage psychological well-being must be employed to optimize cardiometabolic health in US Hispanics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Du Feng
- 4505 S Maryland Pky, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
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Klymova S, Cavanaugh C. The Impact of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Ethnic Discrimination, and Nativity on Nicotine Dependence among Female Hispanic Survivors of Physical Intimate Partner Violence. Subst Use Misuse 2023; 58:676-684. [PMID: 36798007 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2023.2177968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Background: Nicotine dependence (ND) is an understudied public health problem among Hispanic women experiencing physical intimate partner violence (PIPV). Despite multiple calls for such studies, little is known about the associations of PTSD, ethnic discrimination, and nativity with ND among female Hispanic survivors of PIPV. Objectives: This study aimed to do the following: 1) replicate the PTSD-ND association in a sample of female Hispanic survivors of PIPV, and 2) examine the impact of ethnic discrimination and nativity on ND among 378 female Hispanic survivors of PIPV. We hypothesized that past-year PTSD and ethnic discrimination would be associated with greater odds of past-year ND (PY-ND) and being born outside the U.S. would be associated with lower odds of PY-ND. Data was used from 378 participants in the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions Wave 2 who were female, Hispanic, and experienced PIPV. Logistic regression was used to test the impacts of past-year PTSD, ethnic discrimination and nativity on PY-ND while controlling for past-year major depressive episode, age, and personal income. Results: Results supported our hypotheses. Specifically, past-year PTSD was associated with greater odds of PY-ND, AOR = 1.91, 95% CI [1.43-2.56], and past-year ethnic discrimination was associated with greater odds of PY-ND, AOR = 2.31, 95% CI [1.82-2.93], whereas being born outside the U.S. was associated with lower odds of PY-ND, AOR = 0.33, 95% CI [0.26-0.41]. Conclusions: Findings suggest the need for additional studies to understand how ethnic discrimination and nativity affect ND among Hispanic female survivors of PIPV.
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Roth KB, Musci RJ, Eaton WW. The Relationship Between Latinxs' Acculturative Experiences and Mental and Behavioral Disorder in the National Latino and Asian American Study. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2022; 23:1196-1207. [PMID: 35499798 PMCID: PMC11017826 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-022-01376-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mental and behavioral disorders are among the leading contributors to disability among US-residing Latinxs. When treated as a homogeneous group, important disparities in the prevalence of such disorders among Latinx subgroups (e.g., by ethnic heritage) are obscured. However, Latinxs may also be characterized by their acculturative experiences while living in the USA, such as discrimination, neighborhood context and family conflict. Latent Profile Analysis with distal outcomes was used to estimate differences in psychiatric disorder prevalence across acculturative subgroups. Data from 2,541 Latinx participants (age 18 +) in the National Latino and Asian American Study (NLAAS) were used to estimate differences in the proportion of three categories of DSM-IV disorder: depressive, anxiety and substance use by four latent subgroups of Latinxs based on their acculturative experiences. Latinxs reporting more positive acculturative experiences had the lowest prevalence of all three disorders (14.8%, 13.6% and 7.1%, respectively). Those whose lives were characterized by high levels of family conflict and discrimination combined with low levels of social cohesion and neighborhood safety had the highest disorder prevalence (34.0%, 26.6% and 22.5%; all p < 0.01 compared to positive experiences subgroup). Latinxs with moderate levels of discrimination and conflict, along with those with high conflict and cohesion, were better off as compared to those with high negative experiences and low cohesion. These latent subgroups of Latinxs according to their acculturative experiences hold important implications for identifying high-risk groups for developing a psychiatric disorder. Findings also point to the protective role of family and neighborhood cohesion when facing high levels of adversity, which may inform prevention and intervention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly B Roth
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 N Broadway Suite 850, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Department of Community Medicine, Mercer University School of Medicine, 1250 E 66th Street, Savannah, GA, 31404, USA.
| | - Rashelle J Musci
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 N Broadway Suite 850, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - William W Eaton
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 N Broadway Suite 850, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
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Reinosa Segovia FA, Benuto LT. A Systematic Review of Ethnoracial Participation in Randomized Clinical Trials of Behavioral Activation. Behav Ther 2022; 53:927-943. [PMID: 35987549 DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
As of the last available NIH report, people of color (POC) constituted 28.1% of enrollment across all U.S. domestic clinical trials. The literature on prevalence rates of depression among POC is mixed. While the prevalence rates of depression may vary across POC, it remains unknown to what degree POC have been included in outcome clinical trials of depression since NIH's mandates for inclusion of minorities in clinical outcome research. Following PRISMA guidelines, the present review identified randomized controlled trials of behavioral activation from 1989 to 2021 using the following search engines: PsycINFO, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. We reviewed 5,247 articles and included 28 articles that met full inclusion criteria (n = 5,169 participants). Across studies included in this review, 70% were non-Latinx White, 14.1% were African American, 8.9% were Latinx, 0.5% were Asian, 2.9% were other, and 3.7% were unknown. Results indicated an increase in representation of ethnoracial inclusion rates across time and that recruitment method was not associated with adequate inclusion of POC. However, the university setting was associated with inadequate representation of POC.
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9
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Going 'beyond the mean' in analysing immigrant health disparities. DEMOGRAPHIC RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.4054/demres.2022.47.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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10
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Karriker-Jaffe KJ, Li L, Cherpitel CJ, Bensley KMK, Zemore SE. Neighborhood Contexts and Alcohol Use Disorder Among Mexican Americans Living in the US-Mexico Border Region. Alcohol Alcohol 2022; 57:678-686. [PMID: 35596957 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agac020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS This study assessed contributions of exposure to neighborhood stressors (violent victimization, witnessing crime, greater alcohol and drug availability) to variation in alcohol use disorder (AUD) symptoms among drinkers in three cities in Texas, USA. METHODS We used data from interviews conducted from 2011 to 2013 with Mexican-origin adults (ages 16-65) in the US-Mexico Study of Alcohol and Related Conditions who were past-year drinkers (N = 1960; 55% male) living in two cities in the Texas-Mexico border region (Laredo, n = 751 and Brownsville/McAllen, n = 814) and one interior comparison site (San Antonio, n = 771). Analyses (conducted in 2018 and 2019) examined overall and gender-stratified multilevel mediated effects of each border site (versus San Antonio) on AUD symptoms through the neighborhood-level factors, adjusting for individual- and neighborhood-level covariates. RESULTS Overall, drinkers in Laredo reported more AUD symptoms than drinkers in the other cities, and their neighborhoods had more witnessing of crime and greater perceived drug availability, as well as higher levels of disadvantage and a lower proportion non-Hispanic White residents, than neighborhoods in San Antonio. Witnessing neighborhood crime was associated with increased AUD symptoms, while neighborhood disadvantage and proportion non-Hispanic White residents each were negatively associated with AUD symptoms. Perceived neighborhood insecurity, crime victimization, perceived neighborhood drug availability and neighborhood alcohol availability (off- and on-premise) were not significantly associated with AUD symptoms. Stratified models suggested possible gender differences in indirect effects through witnessing neighborhood crime. CONCLUSION Reducing witnessing of neighborhood crime may help reduce AUD symptoms among adults living in the US border region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine J Karriker-Jaffe
- Community Health Research Division, RTI International, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - Libo Li
- Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | | | - Kara M K Bensley
- Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - Sarah E Zemore
- Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
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11
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Ju MR, Karalis JD, Bhat A, Zhu H, Hogan T, Balentine C, Yopp AC, Polanco PM, Wang SC, Zeh HJ, Porembka MR. Nativity Status is an Important Social Determinant of Health for Hispanic Patients with Gastric Cancer in Texas. Ann Surg Oncol 2022; 29:3113-3121. [PMID: 35028796 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-021-11188-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The U.S. foreign-born population is rapidly increasing, and cancer incidence/mortality rates have been shown to differ by nativity status. Our study aimed to characterize differences in gastric cancer presentation and survival among Hispanic patients in Texas by nativity status. METHODS We conducted a retrospective review of the Texas Cancer Registry to identify Hispanic patients diagnosed with gastric adenocarcinoma between 2004 and 2017. Existing indices applied to 2010 census tract-level data were utilized to measure neighborhood socioeconomic status (nSES) and Hispanic enclaves. Nativity status was imputed for patients with missing data. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were fit for overall survival adjusted for age, insurance status, diagnosis year, tumor location, stage, grade, reporting source, nativity status, nSES, and Hispanic enclave. RESULTS Our study cohort consisted of 6186 patients and 39% were foreign-born. A greater proportion of foreign-born patients were diagnosed at < 45 years old (16% vs. 11%, p < 0.0001) and had metastatic disease at presentation (47% vs. 34%, p < 0.0001). Foreign-born patients were more often uninsured, in the lowest nSES quintile, and the highest (most ethnically distinct) quintile for Hispanic enclave. Stage-specific overall survival was significantly higher among foreign-born patients. In our multivariate model, foreign-born Hispanic patients had improved survival versus US-born (hazard ratio [HR] 0.90, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.82-0.99). CONCLUSIONS The clinical presentation of gastric cancer differs significantly between foreign-born and U.S.-born Hispanic patients. Foreign-born Hispanic patients have improved survival after adjusting for socioeconomic, neighborhood, and clinical factors. Further studies are needed to identify specific causal mechanisms driving the observed survival difference by nativity status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle R Ju
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - John D Karalis
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Archana Bhat
- Department of Surgery, Surgical Center for Outcomes, Implementation, and Novel Interventions (S-COIN), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department of Population and Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Timothy Hogan
- Department of Population and Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Courtney Balentine
- Department of Surgery, Surgical Center for Outcomes, Implementation, and Novel Interventions (S-COIN), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Adam C Yopp
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Patricio M Polanco
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Sam C Wang
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Herbert J Zeh
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Matthew R Porembka
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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A Mental Health Profile of 900 Newly Arrived Refugees in Denmark Using ICD-10 Diagnoses. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su14010418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Recognizing mental health problems in newly arrived refugees poses a challenge. Little is known of the mental health profile of refugees currently arriving in Northern Europe. (2) Method: In total, we included 900 adult (≥18 years old) refugees arriving in Aarhus, Denmark, between 1 January 2014 and 1 January 2020. All participants accepted an offer of a voluntary systematic health assessment from the municipality in Aarhus, including a mental health screening. (3) Results: Within this cohort, 26% (237/900) of the participants were referred to the Department of Psychiatry, Aarhus University Hospital, 24% (212/900) were in contact with the department and 21% (185/900) received ≥1 psychiatric diagnosis. Within the subpopulation referred (n = 237), 64% (152/237) were diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (DF431), 14% (34/237) with neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders (F40–F48) and 13% (30/237) with major mood disorders (F30–F39). Among the participants referred to the Department of Psychiatry and participants receiving a diagnosis, we found an overrepresentation of participants originating from the Southern Asian region (Pakistan, Afghanistan and Iran) and with an age above 44 years. (4) Conclusion: We found a high prevalence of both referrals and psychiatric diagnoses in newly arrived refugees. Attention to psychiatric conditions in refugees and systematic health assessments during resettlement are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giammarco Alderotti
- Department of Statistics, Computer Science, Applications “G. Parenti” University of Florence Firenze Italy
| | - Eleonora Trappolini
- Department of Sociology and Social Research University of Milan – Bicocca Milano Italy
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Abstract
The aim of this paper is to explore the mental health challenges that Central American immigrant youth face before and after arriving in the United States. This population is hard to reach, marginalized, and disproportionately exposed to trauma from a young age. This paper investigates the mental health stressors experienced by Central American immigrant youth and asylum seekers, including unaccompanied minors, surveyed in the U.S. in 2017. This mixed methods study uses qualitative data from interviews along with close-ended questions and the validated PHQ-8 Questionnaire and the Child PTSD Symptom Scale (CPSS). These new migrants face numerous challenges to mental health, increased psychopathological risk exacerbated by high levels of violence and low state-capacity in their countries of origin, restrictive immigration policies, the fear of deportation for themselves and their family members, and the pressure to integrate once in the U.S. We find that Central American youth have seen improvements in their self-reported mental health after migrating to the U.S., but remain at risk of further trauma exposure, depression, and PTSD. We find that they exhibit a disproportionate likelihood of having lived through traumatizing experiences that put them at higher risk for psychological distress and disorders that may create obstacles to integration. These can, in turn, create new stressors that exacerbate PTSD, depression, and anxiety. These conditions can be minimized through programs that aid immigrant integration and mental health.
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15
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Tobin J, Cockburn M, Unger JB, Finch BK, Hamilton AS, Ritt-Olson A, Milam JE. Acculturation, Mental Health, and Wellbeing Among Hispanic/Latinx Young Adult Survivors of Childhood Cancer. J Adolesc Young Adult Oncol 2021; 11:223-228. [PMID: 34283659 DOI: 10.1089/jayao.2021.0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Ethnic disparities in childhood cancer survivor (CCS) mental health have been identified, although prior survivorship research has focused predominantly on non-Hispanic/Latinx (H/L) white survivors. Methods: This study examined the association of acculturation with depressive symptoms and wellbeing among 582 young adult H/L CCS recruited to a population-based study of CCS in Southern California. Results: In multivariable regression models adjusted for covariates, greater identification with both the Hispanic and Anglo cultures was positively associated with wellbeing (p = 0.007 and p < 0.0001, respectively), and Hispanic cultural identification was associated with fewer depressive symptoms (p = 0.04). Conclusions: Greater understanding of unique protective factors among minority CCS may inform tailored interventions promoting mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Tobin
- VA Greater Los Angeles Health Care System, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Myles Cockburn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jennifer B Unger
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Brian K Finch
- Center for Economic and Social Research, Department of Sociology, Dornsife College of Letters, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ann S Hamilton
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Anamara Ritt-Olson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Joel E Milam
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Caraballo-Cueto J, Godreau IP. Colorism and Health Disparities in Home Countries: The Case of Puerto Rico. J Immigr Minor Health 2021; 23:926-935. [PMID: 34097164 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-021-01222-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This study reveals the association of skin color with health disparities in Puerto Rico, a US territory that is home to the second largest Latino population in the US. Aware of the inadequacy of standard OMB ethno-racial categories in capturing racial differences among Latinos, we incorporated skin color scales into the Puerto Rico BRFSS. We apply both logistic regressions and propensity score matching techniques. We found that colorism plays a significant role in health outcomes of dark-skinned Puerto Ricans in Puerto Rico and that skin color is a better health predictor than the OMB ethno-racial categories. Our results indicate that Puerto Ricans of the lightest skin tone have better general health than Puerto Ricans who self-described as being of the darkest skin tones. Findings underscore the importance of considering how racial discrimination manifested through colorism affects the health of Latino populations in the US and its territories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Caraballo-Cueto
- University of Puerto Rico at Cayey, 205 Calle Antonio R. Barceló, Cayey, 00736, USA.
| | - Isar P Godreau
- University of Puerto Rico at Cayey, 205 Calle Antonio R. Barceló, Cayey, 00736, USA
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17
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Ai AL, Lee J. Understanding a mechanism between perceived discrimination and obesity among Latinas in the United States. ETHNICITY & HEALTH 2021; 26:471-486. [PMID: 30375888 DOI: 10.1080/13557858.2018.1530737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Obesity is a prominent public health concern significantly impacting various minority groups, especially Latina Americans. However, little study has explored acculturation-related factors associated with obesity among Latinas in the United States. This study examines the link between acculturation-related factors and obesity among Latinas.Design: Using the National Latino and Asian American Study (NLAAS), we detected the incremental associations of acculturation-related factors, especially perceived discrimination with obesity, after controlling for socio-demographics, among all 1427 Latinas. Two-step logistic regression analyses were conducted to investigate the association.Results: Results indicated perceived discrimination and older age were positively associated with Latinas' obesity. Conversely, income and acculturation stress were negatively associated with obesity. Further, results revealed a significant moderating effect of education on the association between perceived discrimination and obesity.Conclusion: The findings suggest the need for clinical attention towards socio-cultural influences and ethnic backgrounds in obesity assessment and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Ai
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
- College of Social Work, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
- College of Nursing, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
- Pepper Institute on Aging and Social Policy, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Jungup Lee
- Department of Social Work, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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18
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Alkaid Albqoor M, Chen JL, Weiss S, Waters C, Choi JW. Serious psychological distress: A national study of Middle Eastern immigrants. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2021; 28:163-173. [PMID: 32363710 DOI: 10.1111/jpm.12646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT?: There is very limited literature on the health of Middle Eastern immigrants in the United States, and the available studies were mostly conducted on small convenient samples in local communities. There is also a need to understand changes in the rates of serious psychological distress (SPD) during the 15 years after 2001, as there were negative effects on Arabs' health since the September 2001 aftermath. WHAT DOES THIS PAPER ADD TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE?: The study examined the rates of SPD, the risk of SPD and its associated factors in a national sample of Middle Eastern immigrants in the United States from 2001 to 2015. The study found that serious psychological distress rate was high among Middle Eastern immigrants. Being a female and having obesity were associated with a higher risk of reporting serious psychological distress among this population. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE?: These outcomes necessitate mental health nursing interventions that provide culturally sensitive mental health care to immigrants For example, developing community-based prevention programmes is required to address risk factors of psychological distress and to increase awareness about psychological distress among Middle Eastern immigrants. ABSTRACT: Introduction While Middle Eastern immigrants are a fast-growing population in the United States, there is very limited literature on their mental health. Most of the available studies were conducted on small convenient samples in local communities. Aims To examine rates of serious psychological distress (SPD) and its associated factors among Middle Eastern immigrants in the United States, compared with US-born, non-Hispanic Whites. Methods Data from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) from 2001 to 2015 were analysed. The survey included 1,246 Middle Eastern immigrants and 232,392 US-born, non-Hispanic Whites. SPD was measured by the Kessler-6 psychological distress scale. Survey analysis procedures, sampling weights and variance estimates were conducted. Descriptive statistics and regression analyses were employed to examine differences and factors associated with SPD. Results SPD rate was the highest among Middle Eastern immigrants (5.99%) between 2006 and 2010. Among Middle Eastern immigrants, being female and obese were significantly associated with a higher risk of SPD. Discussion Middle Eastern immigrants in the United States suffered high rates of SPD. Gender and obesity were factors associated with SPD risk. Implications These outcomes indicate the need for mental health nursing interventions that provide culturally sensitive mental health care to immigrants, such as developing community-based prevention programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Alkaid Albqoor
- Department of Community Health Nursing, University of Jordan University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Jyu-Lin Chen
- Department of Family Health Care Nursing, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sandra Weiss
- Department of Community Health Systems, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Catherine Waters
- Department of Community Health Systems, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ji-Won Choi
- Institute for Health Aging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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19
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Figuereo V, Calvo R. Racialization and Psychological Distress among U.S. Latinxs. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2021; 9:865-873. [PMID: 33791996 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-021-01026-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the relationship between race and psychological distress among Latinxs in the United States. Using data from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) 2010-2018, we estimated the relative risk ratios (RRR) of experiencing psychological distress among White, Black and Other Latinxs from Mexico, Cuba, Dominican Republic, and Puerto Rico. Results revealed that Black Latinxs experienced higher levels of psychological distress than their White counterparts. Additional analysis among and within groups showed that Puerto Ricans and Dominicans reported higher psychological distress than Mexicans, and that race was associated with the distress of Cubans and Mexicans, but not with the distress of Puerto Ricans and Dominicans. Future work on the effect of racial self-identification on Latinxs' mental health-related outcomes, such as psychological distress, should include multidimensional measures of racial identity, such as self-reported and ascribed race, racial ideology, as well as measures of skin color and discrimination. Integrating racialization experiences during clinical assessments would help practitioners to gain a more comprehensive picture of how these identities and experiences may shape the stress, distress, and mental health outcomes (e.g., depression, anxiety) of different racial and ethnic Latinx groups in the U.S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Figuereo
- Boston University Center for Innovation in Social Work and Health, Crosstown Center, 3rd Floor 801 Massachusetts Ave, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Rocío Calvo
- School of Social Work, Boston College, McGuinn Hall 304, 140 Commonwealth Avenue, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA.
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20
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Ai AL, Petscher Y, Lemieux CM, Petscher ES, Clark J, Pappas A. Childhood Mistreatment, PTSD, and Substance Use in Latinx: The Role of Discrimination in an Omitted-Variable Bias. Int J Behav Med 2021; 28:602-615. [PMID: 33761115 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-021-09954-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood mistreatment (CM) has been associated with adult posttraumatic disorder (PTSD) and substance use disorders (SUDs) in the general population. Few studies have examined the role of PTSD in the CM-SUD association among Latinx. This cross-sectional study evaluated a theory-driven conceptual model with a specific focus on the impact of perceived discrimination, which may interfere with these associations. METHOD Using a nationally representative sample and structural equation modeling (SEM), the study evaluated the mediation of PTSD in the CM-SUD link, adjusting for or omitting discrimination and other sociodemographic variables that are known predictors of Latinx behavioral health. Multi-subsample analyses were then conducted to review nativity differences (US-born = 924.43% and immigrant = 1630.57%). RESULTS The fully specified final model (model 1, covariates adjusted) failed to show a significant mediation of PTSD in the tested link, but a direct detrimental effect group of discrimination, for all Latinx. The mediation was only supported, when treating discrimination and other covariates as omitted variables (model 5), which also showed additional direct and indirect effect of CM on SUD. In subsample analyses, models of US-born and immigrant-Latinx subpopulations were identical but showed nativity differences when omitting covariates. CONCLUSION When discrimination and other covariates were fully adjusted, Latinx exposed to trauma were more likely to develop SUD in adulthood, regardless of when traumatic exposure occurred. This unexpected finding challenges theories explaining the CM-SUD connection, suggesting possible model misspecifications of parametric SES; namely, omitting the unique impact of perceived discrimination in Latinx can lead to biased results. From a clinical standpoint, both trauma and discrimination must be addressed when assessing Latinx behavioral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Ai
- Departments of Social Medicine & Behavioral Health, College of Medicine, and Colleges of Social Work and Nursing, Florida State University (FSU), 2570 University Building C, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA.
| | | | - Catherine M Lemieux
- School of Social Work, Margaret Champagne Womack Professor in Addictive Disorders, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, USA
| | - Erin S Petscher
- An independent developmental psychologist, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - James Clark
- College of Social Work, FSU, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Alexa Pappas
- Undergraduate Research Volunteer, FSU, FL, Tallahassee, 32306, USA
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21
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Revens KE, Gutierrez D, Paul R, Reynolds AD, Price R, DeHaven MJ. Social Support and Religiosity as Contributing Factors to Resilience and Mental Wellbeing in Latino Immigrants: A Community-Based Participatory Research Study. J Immigr Minor Health 2021; 23:904-916. [PMID: 33715112 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-021-01179-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Latino immigrants are at increased risk for mental disorders due to social/economic disadvantages and stressful conditions associated with migration. Resilience-the ability to recover from stress-may provide protection given its association with lower rates of anxiety and depression. This study examines the relationship between protective factors, resilience, and psychological distress in Latino immigrants. A community-based participatory research study conducted with a Latino agency using in-person surveys to obtain the following data: Brief Resilience Scale, Brief Symptom Inventory, Duke University Religion Index, Multi-group Ethnic Identity measure, and the Interpersonal Support Evaluation List. Linear regression, and mediation analysis was performed using SPSS. There are 128 participants. Resilience was positively related to social support (p = 0.001) and religiosity (p = 0.006); inversely related to psychological distress (p = 0.001); and mediated the relationship between the two (p = 0.006). Promoting social support and religion in Latino communities can improve wellbeing by increasing resilience and reducing distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keri E Revens
- Camino Community Center, 133 Stetson Dr., Charlotte, 28262, USA.
| | | | - Rajib Paul
- University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | | | - Rusty Price
- Camino Community Center, 133 Stetson Dr., Charlotte, 28262, USA
| | - Mark J DeHaven
- University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
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22
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Tam CC, Lui CK, Karriker-Jaffe KJ. Intersections Of Neighborhood Co-Ethnic Density and Nativity Status On Heavy Drinking In a General Population Sample Of US Latinos and Asians. Alcohol Alcohol 2021; 56:74-81. [PMID: 33179048 PMCID: PMC7768619 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agaa108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Greater neighborhood co-ethnic density (living in proximity with people sharing an ethnicity) and being foreign-born each can protect against risky drinking, but little is known about whether these two factors interact. Using a representative sample of Latinos and Asians from California, USA, we investigate main and interactive effects of neighborhood co-ethnic density and nativity status in relation to heavy episodic drinking (HED). METHODS This study uses the California Health Interview Survey (N = 30,203) linked with neighborhood data to investigate associations of co-ethnic density and nativity status with HED. Co-ethnic density was based on matching each respondent's ethnicity to the proportion of residents of the corresponding group in their Census tract. Using weighted logistic regression, we first examined main effects of neighborhood co-ethnic density and respondent nativity status on HED. Next, we assessed the interaction of co-ethnic density and nativity status. Finally, we estimated nativity-stratified models to investigate variation in effects of co-ethnic density. RESULTS Co-ethnic density was not associated with HED for the full sample, but US-born nativity status was associated with increased odds of past-year HED. The interaction model showed co-ethnic density and nativity had synergistic effects, whereby greater levels of neighborhood co-ethnic density buffered risk associated with being US-born. Further, greater neighborhood co-ethnic density was associated with reduced odds of HED for US-born respondents, but it was not associated with HED for foreign-born respondents. CONCLUSIONS Protective effects of high neighborhood co-ethnic density on HED are stronger for US-born than for foreign-born Latinos and Asians in California.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina C Tam
- Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute, 6001 Shellmound Street, Suite 450, Emeryville, CA 94608-1010, USA
| | - Camillia K Lui
- Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute, 6001 Shellmound Street, Suite 450, Emeryville, CA 94608-1010, USA
| | - Katherine J Karriker-Jaffe
- Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute, 6001 Shellmound Street, Suite 450, Emeryville, CA 94608-1010, USA
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23
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Roth KB, Musci RJ, Eaton WW. Refining acculturation measures for health research: Latina/o heterogeneity in the National Latino and Asian American Study. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 2020; 29:1-12. [PMID: 32845559 PMCID: PMC7723201 DOI: 10.1002/mpr.1844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study factor analyzes six scales relating to acculturation and related experiences among a nationally representative sample of United States-residing Latina/os (n = 2,541) from the National Latino and Asian American Study (NLAAS), using measurement invariance (MI) testing to explore differences in latent constructs by Latina/o subgroup. METHODS Factor Analysis (FA) within an Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling framework was used to analyze the factor structure of six scales measuring acculturation and related experiences (i.e., acculturation [language use and preference], enculturation [ethnic identity], discrimination, neighborhood context, and family environment). We tested for MI by two important Latina/o subgroups: ethnic heritage and generational status. RESULTS The underlying latent factors resulting from FA strongly aligned with the NLAAS subscales. No scale achieved full MI, yet the degree to which MI held varied greatly by scale and by subgroup. CONCLUSIONS Findings show that Latina/os are heterogeneous, but that this often depends on the construct and subgrouping of interest. Future research should use these scales in a latent framework, accounting for the lack of MI, to ensure that the underlying acculturative constructs of interest are validly measured when investigating their association with mental health outcomes in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly B Roth
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rashelle J Musci
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - William W Eaton
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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24
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Adverse Childhood Experiences, Resilience, and Emotional Problems in Latinx Immigrant Youth. Psychiatry Res 2020; 293:113450. [PMID: 32977052 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Although research suggests that Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) are associated with emotional problems, individuals with higher resilience experience less emotional problems. This relation has yet to be examined in the growing Latinx immigrant youth population in the United States. To study the relation between ACEs, emotional problems, and resilience, recently immigrated Latinx youth (N=85) were interviewed using the Adverse Childhood Experiences Study questionnaire, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, and the Resilience Scale. Moderation analyses revealed ACEs were directly associated with emotional problems, as was resilience. While the interaction effect was not significant, conditional effects indicated a buffering effect such that the relation between ACEs and emotional problems was non-significant at high levels of resilience. In addition to the relatively small sample size, available measures for assessing ACEs and emotional problems are limited in capturing difficulties experienced by Latinx immigrants. Results indicate that individuals with higher resilience do not experience higher emotional problems in the context of childhood adversity. This study contributes to the growing literature on protective factors in Latinx immigrant youth, indicating that assessment of resilience may be beneficial in treating individuals exposed to adversity to mitigate the development of emotional problems.
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25
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Hswen Y, Qin Q, Williams DR, Viswanath K, Subramanian SV, Brownstein JS. Online negative sentiment towards Mexicans and Hispanics and impact on mental well-being: A time-series analysis of social media data during the 2016 United States presidential election. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04910. [PMID: 33005781 PMCID: PMC7519357 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose was to use Twitter to conduct online surveillance of negative sentiment towards Mexicans and Hispanics during the 2016 United States presidential election, and to examine its relationship with mental well-being in this targeted group at the population level. Methods Tweets containing the terms Mexican(s) and Hispanic(s) were collected within a 20-week period of the 2016 United States presidential election (November 9th 2016). Sentiment analysis was used to capture percent negative tweets. A time series lag regression model was used to examine the association between percent count of negative tweets mentioning Mexicans and Hispanics and percent count of worry among Hispanic Gallup poll respondents. Results Of 2,809,641 tweets containing terms Mexican(s) and Hispanic(s), 687,291 tweets were negative. Among 8,314 Hispanic Gallup respondents, a mean of 33.5% responded to be worried on a daily basis. A significant lead time of 1 week was observed, showing that negative tweets mentioning Mexicans and Hispanics appeared to forecast daily worry among Hispanics by 1 week. Conclusion Surveillance of online negative sentiment towards racially vulnerable population groups can be captured using social media. This has potential to identify early warning signals for symptoms of mental well-being among targeted groups at the population level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Hswen
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Computational Epidemiology Lab, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Innovation Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA.,Bakar Computational Health Science Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Qiuyuan Qin
- Innovation Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David R Williams
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of African and African American Studies, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - K Viswanath
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Center for Community-Based Research, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S V Subramanian
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - John S Brownstein
- Computational Epidemiology Lab, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Innovation Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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26
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Farid D, Li P, Da Costa D, Afif W, Szabo J, Dasgupta K, Rahme E. Undiagnosed depression, persistent depressive symptoms and seeking mental health care: analysis of immigrant and non-immigrant participants of the Canadian Longitudinal Study of Aging. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 2020; 29:e158. [PMID: 32792036 PMCID: PMC7443777 DOI: 10.1017/s2045796020000670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Early diagnosis and treatment of depression are associated with better prognosis. We used baseline data of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (2012-2015; ages 45-85 years) to examine differences in prevalence and predictors of undiagnosed depression (UD) between immigrants and non-immigrants at baseline and persistent and/or emerging depressive symptoms (DS) 18 months later. At this second time point, we also examined if a mental health care professional (MHCP) had been consulted. METHODS We excluded individuals with any prior mood disorder and/or current anti-depressive medication use at baseline. UD was defined as the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression 10 score ⩾10. DS at 18 months were defined as Kessler 10 score ⩾19. The associations of interest were examined in multivariate logistic regression models. RESULTS Our study included 4382 immigrants and 18 620 non-immigrants. The mean age (standard deviation) in immigrants was 63 (10.3) years v. 65 (10.7) years in non-immigrants and 52.1% v. 57.1% were male. Among immigrants, 12.2% had UD at baseline of whom 34.2% had persistent DS 18 months later v. 10.6% and 31.4%, respectively, among non-immigrants. Female immigrants were more likely to have UD than female non-immigrants (odds ratio 1.50, 95% confidence interval 1.25-1.80) but no difference observed for men. The risk of persistent DS and consulting an MHCP at 18 months did not differ between immigrants and non-immigrants. CONCLUSIONS Female immigrants may particularly benefit from depression screening. Seeking mental health care in the context of DS should be encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Farid
- Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - P. Li
- Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - D. Da Costa
- Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Epidemiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - W. Afif
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - J. Szabo
- Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Chronic Viral Illnesses Service, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - K. Dasgupta
- Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - E. Rahme
- Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Epidemiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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27
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Franco JA, Carrier LM. Social media use and depression, anxiety, and stress in Latinos: A correlational study. HUMAN BEHAVIOR AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/hbe2.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- José A. Franco
- Department of PsychologyCalifornia State University Carson California USA
| | - L. Mark Carrier
- Department of PsychologyCalifornia State University Carson California USA
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28
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Platt R, Weiss-Laxer NS, Creedon TB, Roman MJS, Cardemil EV, Cook B. Association between maternal and child mental health among US Latinos: variation by nativity, ethnic subgroup, and time in the USA. Arch Womens Ment Health 2020; 23:421-428. [PMID: 31222621 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-019-00982-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Few studies have examined the association between maternal and youth mental health among US Latinos, or its variation by nativity, country of origin, ethnic subgroup, and time in the mainland US. Using 2007-2014 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey data linking Latino youth (N = 15,686 aged 5-17 years) and their mothers, we estimated multivariate models of the relationship between probable maternal mental illness (a composite of measures) and youth mental health impairment (Columbia Impairment Scale). Children of mothers with probable mental illness were more than three times as likely to have impairment as children of mothers without mental illness (p < 0.01). In adjusted models, there was an 8.5-point (95% CI 5.1, 11.8) increased prevalence of child impairment associated with mother's probable mental illness among mainland US-born youth and mothers and a 6.0-point (95% CI 3.7, 8.3) increased prevalence among US-born youth of foreign/island-born mothers. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of youth impairment associated with maternal mental illness when both youth and mother were born outside of the mainland US. For the Puerto Rican subgroup, the association between maternal and youth mental health was greatest among island-born mothers and mainland US-born youth; for the Mexican subgroup, the link was strongest among US-born mothers and youth. While there were large point differences between those groups, the difference was not statistically significant. This study suggests a protective effect of island/foreign-born nativity on symptom association between Latino mothers and children. Considerations for future research and practice stemming from this finding are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rheanna Platt
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University/Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, 5500 East Lombard St, Room 1214, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
| | - Nomi S Weiss-Laxer
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Timothy B Creedon
- The Heller School for Social Policy and Management, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA.,IBM Watson Health, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Maria Jose Sanchez Roman
- Health Equity Research Lab, Cambridge Health Alliance, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Milken School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington DC, USA
| | | | - Benjamin Cook
- Health Equity Research Lab, Cambridge Health Alliance, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Albright JN, Hurd NM. Marginalized Identities, Trump-Related Distress, and the Mental Health of Underrepresented College Students. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2020; 65:381-396. [PMID: 31829453 DOI: 10.1002/ajcp.12407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The current study sought to determine whether holding targeted marginalized identities was associated with greater experiences of distress related to Trump's presidency and whether participants' level of Trump-related distress predicted decrements in mental health. Participants in the current longitudinal study included 338 underrepresented college students attending a predominantly White institution. Results indicated that individuals who held targeted marginalized identities reported greater Trump-related distress compared to their non-targeted counterparts, and that holding multiple targeted marginalized identities was associated with greater levels of Trump-related distress. Findings also indicated that Trump-related distress was associated with increases (relative to previous trajectories) in anxious but not depressive symptoms. Overall, our results suggest that a shift in sociopolitical circumstances that promulgates bigotry may be harmful to those who possess targeted marginalized identities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Noelle M Hurd
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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Kwon S. Perceived neighborhood disorder and psychological distress among Latino adults in the United States: Considering spousal/partner relationship. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2020; 48:726-743. [PMID: 31794097 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
It has been well-established that neighborhood disorder and disadvantage are detrimental to mental health and psychological well-being. There has been growing research interest in minority stress issues, however, less is known about how perceived neighborhood disorder matters for psychological well-being among Latino adults in the United States. Analyzing data from National Latino Asian American Study, 2002-2003, the present study investigates the relationships among perceived neighborhood disorder, spousal/partner relationships (i.e., spousal/partner strain and support), and psychological distress. The findings indicated that perceived neighborhood disorder and spousal/partner strain were positively associated with increased psychological distress, whereas spousal/partner support had no protective effect against psychological distress. Moreover, mediation analysis showed that the association between perceived neighborhood disorder and psychological distress was partially mediated by spousal/partner strain (i.e., 15.13%), not spousal support. Finally, moderation analysis revealed that the presence of spousal/partner strain exacerbated the relationship between perceived neighborhood disorder and psychological distress. Conversely, the absence of spousal/partner strain appeared to buffer the adverse impact of neighborhood disorder on psychological distress. These findings highlighted the ill effect of problematic neighborhood environments on the quality of the spousal/partner relationship and subsequently Latino's psychological well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyoung Kwon
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, Texas A&M University, Kingsville, Texas
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Honkaniemi H, Juárez SP, Katikireddi SV, Rostila M. Psychological distress by age at migration and duration of residence in Sweden. Soc Sci Med 2020; 250:112869. [PMID: 32120203 PMCID: PMC8325349 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.112869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Migrants suffer from worse psychological health than natives in many countries, yet the extent to which this varies by age at migration and duration of residence in the receiving context remains unexplored in Sweden. Drawing on a life course approach, we investigate differences in psychological distress by age at migration and duration of residence in working-age migrants to Sweden, and examine the role of various social determinants of health in explaining these differences relative to Swedish-born. Using pooled cross-sectional data from the 2011/2015 Health on Equal Terms survey in Västra Götaland Region, Sweden (n = 58,428), we applied logistic regression analysis to calculate predicted probabilities and average marginal effects (AME) of migrant status, by age at migration and duration of residence, on psychological distress. Analyses were stratified by sex and region of origin and controlled for indicators of socioeconomic status (SES), social cohesion, and discrimination to assess their potential contribution to differences in migrants' and natives' psychological distress. All migrants except men from OECD-predominant regions had a greater probability of psychological distress than Swedish-born (ranging from AME 0.031 [95% Confidence Interval or CI 0.000-0.062] for OECD women to AME 0.115 [95% CI 0.074-0.156] for non-OECD men). Marginal effects of migration status on psychological distress probabilities generally increased with age at migration and duration of residence. Differences between migrants and natives were largely attenuated after controlling for social determinants, the greatest contribution coming from inequalities in social cohesion, followed by inequalities in discrimination and SES. Our results suggest a relative health advantage of early-life compared to later-life migration, albeit with worse outcomes with longer residence in Sweden. The predominance of integration opportunities in childhood strengthens calls for supportive policies to assist older migrants' integration directly upon arrival, which may ultimately improve their psychological wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Honkaniemi
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Health Equity Studies (CHESS), Stockholm University/Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Sol Pía Juárez
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Health Equity Studies (CHESS), Stockholm University/Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Mikael Rostila
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Health Equity Studies (CHESS), Stockholm University/Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Camplain R, Sotres-Alvarez D, Alvarez C, Wilson R, Perreira KM, Castañeda SF, Merchant G, Gellman MD, Chambers EC, Gallo LC, Evenson KR. The association of acculturation with accelerometer-assessed and self-reported physical activity and sedentary behavior: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. Prev Med Rep 2020; 17:101050. [PMID: 32021761 PMCID: PMC6994298 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2020.101050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Associations between acculturation and physical activity varied across measurements. Higher social acculturation was positively associated with self-reported physical activity. Language acculturation, but not language preference, was positively associated with leisure-time physical activity. Language acculturation, but not language preference, was negatively associated with occupational physical activity. Among workers, greater acculturation was associated with lower occupational physical activity. Longer residency in the US was associated with higher accelerometer-assessed moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Most acculturation measures were positively associated with self-report, but not accelerometer-assessed sedentary behavior.
The adoption of US culture among immigrants has been associated with higher leisure-time physical activity and sedentary behavior. However, most research to date assesses this association using single measures of acculturation and physical activity. Our objective was to describe the cross-sectional association between acculturation and both physical activity and sedentary behavior among US Hispanic/Latino adults. Participants included Hispanic/Latinos 18–74 years living in four US locations enrolled in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos from 2008 to 2011. Acculturation was measured using acculturation scales (language and social), years in the US, language preference, and age at immigration. Physical activity and sedentary behavior were measured using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (N = 15,355) and Actical accelerometer (N = 11,954). Poisson, logistic, and linear regression were used, accounting for complex design and sampling weights. English-language preference was positively associated with self-reported leisure-time and transportation physical activity and accelerometer-assessed moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Social acculturation was positively associated with self-reported leisure-time and transportation physical activity and MVPA. Years in the US and age at immigration were positively associated with accelerometer-assessed MVPA. Language acculturation, years in the US, and age at immigration were associated with occupational physical activity among those who reported employment. Most acculturation measures were associated with self-reported sitting but not with accelerometer-assessed sedentary behavior. Different measures of acculturation, capturing various domains acculturation, were associated with physical activity and sedentary behavior. However, the direction of the association was dependent on the measures of acculturation physical activity/sedentary behavior, highlighting the complexity of these relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricky Camplain
- Northern Arizona University, Center for Health Equity Research, 1395 S. Knoles Drive, ARD Building, Suite 140, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA.,University of North Carolina, Department of Epidemiology, 123 W. Franklin St. Building C CB 8050, Suite 410, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-8050, USA
| | - Daniela Sotres-Alvarez
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Biostatistics, 123 W. Franklin St., Building C, Suite 450, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA
| | - Carolina Alvarez
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, 3300 Thurston Bldg., CB #7280, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7280, USA
| | - Rebbecca Wilson
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Biostatistics, 123 W. Franklin St., Building C, Suite 450, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA
| | - Krista M Perreira
- University of North Carolina, Department of Social Medicine, 333 S. Columbia St., 342B MacNider Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Sheila F Castañeda
- San Diego State University, South Bay Latino Research Center, 780 Bay Blvd, Sute 200 Chula Vista, CA 91910, USA
| | - Gina Merchant
- University of California, San Diego, Department of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive #0881, La Jolla, CA 92093-0881, USA
| | - Marc D Gellman
- University of Miami, Department of Psychology, Flipse Building, 5665 Ponce de Leon Blvd., Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
| | - Earle C Chambers
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Family and Social Medicine, Jack and Pearl Resnick Campus, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Block Room 408, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Linda C Gallo
- San Diego State University, Department of Psychology, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182-4611, USA
| | - Kelly R Evenson
- University of North Carolina, Department of Epidemiology, 123 W. Franklin St. Building C CB 8050, Suite 410, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-8050, USA
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Shim RS, Compton MT. The Social Determinants of Mental Health: Psychiatrists' Roles in Addressing Discrimination and Food Insecurity. FOCUS (AMERICAN PSYCHIATRIC PUBLISHING) 2020; 18:25-30. [PMID: 32047394 PMCID: PMC7011221 DOI: 10.1176/appi.focus.20190035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The social determinants of mental health are societal problems that disrupt optimal mental health, increase risk for and prevalence of mental illnesses, and worsen outcomes among individuals with mental illnesses. The various social determinants, two of which are described herein because they are too often neglected-discrimination and food insecurity-are underpinned by an unequal and unjust distribution of opportunity, which, in turn, is driven by both public policies and social norms. Discrimination and social exclusion, especially based on race and ethnicity, are pervasive and will remain largely resistant to change within society until explicitly antiracist public policy is enacted and overtly racist social norms are replaced by attitudes of acceptance and social inclusion. Similarly, eradicating food insecurity will occur only through changes in both policy and social norms. Psychiatrists have an opportunity to screen for, thoroughly assess, and address social risks (including perceived discrimination and food insecurity) at the clinical level. They also can play an important role in the shaping of policy and changing of social norms at the community and societal levels. All of these interventions and activities will ultimately improve mental health, reduce the prevalence of mental illnesses, and improve outcomes for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth S Shim
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis (Shim); Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY (Compton)
| | - Michael T Compton
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis (Shim); Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY (Compton)
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Kaltman S, Watson MR, Campoli M, Serrano A, Talisman N, Kirkpatrick L, Mete M, Green BL. Treatment of depression and PTSD in primary care clinics serving uninsured low-income mostly Latina/o immigrants: A naturalistic prospective evaluation. CULTURAL DIVERSITY & ETHNIC MINORITY PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 25:579-589. [PMID: 30816751 PMCID: PMC6713614 DOI: 10.1037/cdp0000251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Uninsured immigrants to the United States are psychologically vulnerable due to limited access to mental health services. Latina/o immigrants from Central and South America are further at risk due to high levels of trauma exposure, both in their country of origin and their adopted country. Effective behavioral interventions in primary care are needed to address this services gap for common trauma-related mental disorders, including depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). A naturalistic prospective study compared depression and PTSD outcomes for uninsured primary care patients, mostly Latina/o immigrants, in clinics with distinct models for integrating behavioral health services. One clinic had a collaborative care program, that is, a multicomponent, system-level intervention with the goals of facilitating increased screening, improving diagnostic accuracy, increasing uptake of evidence-based treatment, and utilizing measurement-based treatment to target. The other had colocated services, with an on-site therapist. METHOD One hundred thirty-eight patients with presumptive depression were interviewed at baseline. Follow-up data were collected 8 months later. Care received between the two assessments was ascertained by chart review. RESULTS There was a significant decrease in depression symptoms regardless of clinic. Factors associated with improved depression outcomes included absence of comorbid PTSD and lack of additional trauma exposures. Although there was overall improvement in PTSD, there was significantly more improvement in the collaborative care clinic. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that both models were effective for depression and PTSD; however, the collaborative care model had added benefits for those patients with PTSD. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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Acculturative stress, disability, and health treatment utilization among Asian and Latin American immigrants in the United States. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2019; 54:1275-1284. [PMID: 30895354 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-019-01691-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Empirical research has largely ignored the potential links between immigration-related stress and disability as well as immigration-related stress and health service utilization despite increasing scholarship on the association between acculturative stress and health. This study examined the associations between acculturative stress, disability, and health treatment utilization among Asian and Latin American immigrants in the United States. METHODS Data were from the National Latino and Asian American Study (NLAAS), a nationally representative survey of Asians and Latinos living in the United States. The analytic sample contained 2653 immigrants. We utilized multivariable logistic regression and negative binomial regression analyses to examine the associations between acculturative stress and disability domains. We also examined the association between acculturative stress and treatment utilization, as this may have implications for how to best intervene to address any functional disability related to acculturative stress. RESULTS Acculturative stress was significantly associated with self-reported disability across five domains: self-care, cognition, mobility, time out of role, and social interaction. Additionally, acculturative stress was significantly associated with a greater frequency of disability domains. Acculturative stress was not significantly associated with utilization of services from mental health or general health sectors, but was significantly and positively associated with utilization of non-health care services. The findings were robust regarding the inclusion of everyday discrimination as well as demographic and socioeconomic covariates. CONCLUSIONS Acculturative stress may be an important yet overlooked correlate of disability among immigrants in the United States. Non-health care services may provide an effective pathway for intervening for these individuals.
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Internal Migration and Mental Health: An Examination of the Healthy Migration Phenomenon in China. POPULATION RESEARCH AND POLICY REVIEW 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11113-019-09552-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Diaz CJ, Niño M. Familism and the Hispanic Health Advantage: The Role of Immigrant Status. JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR 2019; 60:274-290. [PMID: 31526018 DOI: 10.1177/0022146519869027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that Hispanic immigrants exhibit better physical and mental health than their U.S.-born counterparts. Scholars theorize that stronger orientations toward the family, also known as familism, could contribute to this immigrant advantage. Yet, little work directly tests whether familial attitudes may be responsible for the favorable health of foreign-born Hispanics. We investigate this possibility using biomarkers, anthropometrics, and mental health assessments from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (N = 4,078). Results demonstrate that the relationship between familial attitudes and health vary depending on the outcome assessed. While Hispanics with strong attitudes toward familial support have fewer symptoms of depression and anxiety, those who report high referent familism display worse mental health outcomes. We find little evidence that familism is linked to physical health or that immigrant generation moderates the relationship of interest. Our results challenge assumptions that familism is responsible for the comparably better health of foreign-born Hispanics.
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Hernandez M, von Sternberg KL, Castro Y, Velasquez MM. The Role of Acculturation and Alcohol Problems on Frequency of Cannabis Use Among Latinas at Risk of an Alcohol-Exposed Pregnancy. Subst Use Misuse 2019; 54:1980-1990. [PMID: 31220980 PMCID: PMC9728806 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2019.1625399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background: Along with alcohol, cannabis is one of the most commonly used substances among women of childbearing age. Recent studies indicate detrimental effects of prenatal cannabis use. Because many women use these substances before realizing they are pregnant, these serious health consequences for women and their offspring are of great concern. Despite the recent upsurge in cannabis use, little is known about individual and sociocultural factors that may contribute to risk of a cannabis-exposed pregnancy, particularly among Latinas of child-bearing age also at risk of an alcohol-exposed pregnancy (AEP). Objectives: Examine the relationships of acculturation, alcohol use, alcohol problems, and psychological distress with frequency of cannabis use among adult Latinas at risk of an AEP. Methods: The hypothesized model included 76 Latinas and was analyzed using path analysis. The study used baseline data from a randomized controlled trial of an intervention targeting risky drinking and tobacco use among women at risk of an AEP in primary care clinics. Results: Greater acculturation was associated with more frequent cannabis use and greater psychological distress. There was a positive indirect relationship between acculturation and alcohol use and alcohol problems through psychological distress. Greater alcohol problems were associated with more frequent cannabis use. Greater psychological distress and alcohol use were indirectly related to more frequent cannabis use through alcohol problems. Conclusions: Findings underscore the critical role of acculturation and alcohol-related problems in cannabis use frequency and have relevant implications for preventive efforts addressing cannabis use among Latinas at risk of an AEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Hernandez
- Steve Hicks School of Social Work, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA; Health Behavior Research and Training Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Kirk L. von Sternberg
- Steve Hicks School of Social Work, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA; Health Behavior Research and Training Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Yessenia Castro
- Steve Hicks School of Social Work, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA; Health Behavior Research and Training Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Mary M. Velasquez
- Steve Hicks School of Social Work, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA; Health Behavior Research and Training Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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Calzada EJ, Sales A. Depression among Mexican-origin mothers: Exploring the immigrant paradox. CULTURAL DIVERSITY & ETHNIC MINORITY PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 25:288-298. [PMID: 30372094 PMCID: PMC10460524 DOI: 10.1037/cdp0000214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Residential time in the United States appears to be a risk factor for mental health problems among Latinos, according to studies of the immigrant paradox, or a pattern of findings documenting better health for immigrants relative to U.S.-born Latinos. The present study used an acculturative stress model to examine the immigrant paradox with a sample of Mexican-origin mothers. METHOD Mothers [N = 175; age = 33.52 (10.75)], who were foreign- or U.S.-born, were categorized as more acculturated or less acculturated based on cluster analyses using demographic and language proficiency variables. The association between acculturative status and depressive symptoms approximately 9 months later was tested with two models: with both cultural stressors (i.e., perceived discrimination, acculturative stress) and cultural assets (i.e., familismo, ethnic identity) as mediators, and with the effects of cultural stressors moderated by cultural assets. RESULTS Data provide some support for the validity of the mediation model. Less acculturated mothers reported (a) a stronger ethnic identity, which appears to have protected them from later depression, and (b) stronger familismo, which increased risk for later depression. In addition, discrimination was negatively related to later depression. CONCLUSIONS We found support for the mediating role of cultural assets in the link between acculturation and depression, but some associations were in unexpected directions. These findings highlight the complexities of preserving core cultural characteristics among Mexican-origin mothers living in the United States, and the need to consider the context in which cultural processes unfold. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther J Calzada
- Steve Hicks School of Social Work, University of Texas at Austin
| | - Adam Sales
- College of Education, University of Texas at Austin
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Bostean G, Andrade FCD, Viruell-Fuentes EA. Neighborhood stressors and psychological distress among U.S. Latinos: Measuring the protective effects of social support from family and friends. Stress Health 2019; 35:115-126. [PMID: 30318702 DOI: 10.1002/smi.2843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We examined whether social support from family and friends, separately, reduce the deleterious effect of neighborhood stressors on psychological distress among Latinos by subgroup. Utilizing data from a nationally representative sample of 2,524 Latinos (National Latino and Asian American Survey), we found that neighborhood stressors were associated with higher distress among people with low and average levels of family support, although there was no significant association between neighborhood stressors and distress among those with high levels of family support. Although both family and friend support reduced the deleterious mental health impact of neighborhood stressors, when mutually adjusted, only family support remained statistically significant as a stress buffer and only for Mexicans and Cubans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgiana Bostean
- Department of Sociology and Environmental Science and Policy Program, Chapman University, Orange, California, United States
| | | | - Edna A Viruell-Fuentes
- Department of Latina/Latino Studies, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States
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Canino G, Shrout PE, NeMoyer A, Vila D, Santiago KM, Garcia P, Quiñones A, Cruz V, Alegria M. A comparison of the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in Puerto Rico with the United States and the Puerto Rican population of the United States. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2019; 54:369-378. [PMID: 30649577 PMCID: PMC6440857 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-019-01653-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The manuscript compares the rates of psychiatric disorder among island Puerto Ricans, the US population and US Puerto Ricans in order to examine whether social support explains differences in psychiatric disorder among these three groups. METHODS Unadjusted and adjusted rates for sociodemographic factors and social support of main psychiatric disorders are compared among three population-based psychiatric epidemiology studies carried in Puerto Rico (PR) and the United States (US) as part of the NCS-R and NLAAS studies. RESULTS Comparison of adjusted rates showed island Puerto Ricans had similar overall rates of psychiatric disorder as those of the US, lower rates of anxiety disorders, but higher rates of substance use disorders. US Puerto Ricans had higher rates of adjusted anxiety and depression but not of overall psychiatric disorder, as compared to the island. When the rates of disorder were adjusted also for social support, the differences between these two groups disappeared. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that social support is a variable worthy of further exploration for explaining differences in disorder prevalence particularly among Puerto Ricans depending on where they live.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glorisa Canino
- Behavioral Sciences Research Institute, Medical School, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, PO Box 5067, San Juan, PR, 00936-5067, USA.
| | | | - Amanda NeMoyer
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Disparities Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Doryliz Vila
- Behavioral Sciences Research Institute, University of Puerto Rico, Medical School, San Juan, PR
| | - Katyana M. Santiago
- Behavioral Sciences Research Institute, University of Puerto Rico, Medical School, San Juan, PR
| | - Pedro Garcia
- Behavioral Sciences Research Institute, University of Puerto Rico, Medical School, San Juan, PR
| | - Amarilis Quiñones
- Behavioral Sciences Research Institute, University of Puerto Rico, Medical School, San Juan, PR
| | - Vilmary Cruz
- Behavioral Sciences Research Institute, University of Puerto Rico, Medical School, San Juan, PR
| | - Margarita Alegria
- Disparities Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Alegría M, Falgas-Bague I, Collazos F, Carmona Camacho R, Lapatin Markle S, Wang Y, Baca-García E, Lê Cook B, Chavez LM, Fortuna L, Herrera L, Qureshi A, Ramos Z, González C, Aroca P, Albarracín García L, Cellerino L, Villar A, Ali N, Mueser KT, Shrout PE. Evaluation of the Integrated Intervention for Dual Problems and Early Action Among Latino Immigrants With Co-occurring Mental Health and Substance Misuse Symptoms: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open 2019; 2:e186927. [PMID: 30646205 PMCID: PMC6484537 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.6927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Immigrants are at an increased risk for co-occurring mental health and substance misuse symptoms; however, effective treatments are lacking. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of the Integrated Intervention for Dual Problems and Early Action (IIDEA) program compared with enhanced usual care. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This effectiveness randomized clinical trial was conducted from September 2, 2014, to February 2, 2017, in 17 clinics or emergency departments and 24 community sites in Boston, Massachusetts, as well as in Madrid and Barcelona, Spain. Equal randomization (1:1) in 2-person blocks was used, assigning participants to either the IIDEA treatment group (n = 172) or the enhanced usual care control group (n = 169). Intent-to-treat analyses assessed effectiveness, and post hoc analyses examined whether results varied by symptom severity or treatment dose. Eligible participants were between 18 and 70 years of age, self-identified as Latino, screened positive for co-occurring symptoms, and were not receiving specialty behavioral health services. INTERVENTIONS Participants were randomized to a 10-session IIDEA treatment or to enhanced usual care. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Primary outcomes were changes in alcohol and drug misuse and results of a urine test for drug metabolites but not for alcohol misuse. Secondary outcomes were symptoms of depression, generalized anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder, and overall mental health. RESULTS In total, 341 participants were randomized to either the IIDEA treatment group (n = 172; 94 [54.7%] female, mean [SD] age, 33.5 [11.6] years) or the enhanced usual care control group (n = 169; 80 [47.3%] female, mean [SD] age, 34.3 [11.8] years). No statistically significant effects of IIDEA were found for primary drug and alcohol outcomes (ASI Lite-drug score: β = -0.02 [SE, 0.69; P = .88; Cohen d, 0.00; 95% CI, -0.17 to 0.17]; ASI Lite-alcohol score: β = -0.01 [SE, 1.19; P = .66; Cohen d, 0.00; 95% CI, -0.12 to 0.12]; urine drug test result: β = -0.36 [SE, 0.43; P = .50; OR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.30-1.61]), but statistically significant effects were observed for secondary mental health outcomes. The IIDEA treatment was effective in reducing depressive symptoms per the Public Health Questionnaire-9 score (β = -1.14; SE, 0.47; P = .02; Cohen d, 0.20 [95% CI, 0.04-0.36]), posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms per the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-5 score (β = -3.23; SE, 1.59; P = .04; Cohen d, 0.25 [95% CI, 0.01-0.37]), and overall mental health symptoms per the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-20 (β = -0.20; SE, 0.07; P = .01; Cohen d, 0.25 [95% CI, 0.08-0.42]) and composite mental health (β = -3.70; SE, 1.75; P = .04; Cohen d, 0.19 [95% CI, 0.01-0.36]) scores at the 6-month follow-up. Exploratory analyses suggested that 6-month treatment effects occurred for patients whose drug misuse was moderate to severe at the baseline assessment. Among patients with moderate to severe substance misuse, IIDEA substantially reduced substance use per the urine test results (odds ratio, 0.25 [95% CI, 0.09-0.67]; P = .01). Treatment dose showed small to large effect sizes by outcome. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The IIDEA treatment did not change drug misuse but did improve secondary mental health and substance misuse outcomes for a heterogeneous population with moderate to severe symptoms; this finding provides a path for treating Latino immigrants with co-occurring mental health and substance misuse symptoms. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02038855.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Alegría
- Department of Medicine and Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Disparities Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Irene Falgas-Bague
- Disparities Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Collazos
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Sheri Lapatin Markle
- Disparities Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Ye Wang
- Disparities Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Enrique Baca-García
- Psychiatry Department, Autonoma University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Rey Juan Carlos, Mostoles, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, General Hospital of Villalba, Villalba, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Infanta Elena, Valdemoro, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
- Department of Psychiatry, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Benjamin Lê Cook
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ligia M. Chavez
- Behavioral Sciences Research Institute, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Lisa Fortuna
- Boston Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lizbeth Herrera
- Disparities Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Adil Qureshi
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health, CIBERSAM, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Zorangeli Ramos
- Disparities Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Claudia González
- Department of Psychiatry, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Aroca
- Department of Psychiatry, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucía Albarracín García
- Department of Psychiatry, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucía Cellerino
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Villar
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Naomi Ali
- Disparities Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Kim T. Mueser
- Center for Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
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Shafeek Amin N, Driver N. Sex Differences, Duration of Stay in the United States, and Serious Psychological Distress: The Case of Middle Eastern Immigrants in the United States. FAMILY & COMMUNITY HEALTH 2019; 42:90-103. [PMID: 30768473 DOI: 10.1097/fch.0000000000000217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Using data from the 2002-2012 National Health Interview Surveys, this study examines the association between duration of stay in the United States and serious psychological distress (SPD) among Middle Eastern (ME) immigrants and tests whether this association differs by sex. Results show that although ME immigrant women with longer duration are significantly more likely to report SPD than US-born white women, the SPD of ME immigrant men do not significantly differ from that of US-born white men. These findings emphasize the harmful influence of a longer duration of stay in the United States on the SPD of ME immigrant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neveen Shafeek Amin
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, University of Arkansas at Little Rock (Dr Shafeek Amin); and Clinton School of Public Service, University of Arkansas (Dr Driver)
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Engelman M, Ye LZ. The Immigrant Health Differential in the Context of Racial and Ethnic Disparities: The Case of Diabetes. ADVANCES IN MEDICAL SOCIOLOGY 2019; 19:147-171. [PMID: 31057317 PMCID: PMC6494443 DOI: 10.1108/s1057-629020190000019008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Social and economic disparities between racial/ethnic groups are a feature of the American context into which immigrants are incorporated, and a key determinant of population health. We ask whether racial/ethnic disparities in diabetes vary by nativity and whether native-immigrant disparities in diabetes vary by race and over time in the United States. METHODS Using the 2000-2015 National Health Interview Survey, we estimate logistic regressions to examine the interaction of race/ethnicity, nativity, and duration in the U.S. in shaping diabetes patterns. RESULTS Relative to their native-born co-ethnics, foreign-born Asian adults experience a significant diabetes disadvantage, while foreign-born Hispanic, Black, and White adults experience a significant advantage. Adjusting for obesity, education, and other covariates eliminates the foreign-born advantage for Black and White adults, but it persists for Hispanic adults. The same adjustment accentuates the disadvantage for foreign-born Asian adults. For Black and Hispanic adults, the protective foreign-born effect erodes as duration in the U.S. increases. For foreign-born Asian adults, the immigrant disadvantage appears to grow with duration in the U.S. Relative to native-born White adults, all non-white groups regardless of nativity see a diabetes disadvantage because the racial/ethnic disadvantage either countervails a foreign-born advantage or amplifies a foreign-born disadvantage. DISCUSSION Racial/ethnic differentials in diabetes are considerable, and are influenced by each group's nativity composition. Obesity and (for the foreign-born) time in the U.S. influence these disparities, but do not explain them. These findings underscore the importance of unmeasured, systemic determinants of health in America's race-conscious society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Engelman
- Department of Sociology, Center for Demography and Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Leafia Zi Ye
- Department of Sociology, Center for Demography and Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison
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Samson FL. An association between multiculturalism and psychological distress. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208490. [PMID: 30521627 PMCID: PMC6283566 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Amidst increasing focus on rising rates of substance abuse and suicide among white Americans and extending prior research on intergroup attitudes and health, this study examines a novel factor associated with psychological distress: disagreement with multiculturalism. Using the Portraits of American Life Study (N = 2,292), logistic regressions indicate that for Whites and Hispanics, increased likelihood of psychological distress (depression, hopelessness and worthlessness) is associated with stronger disagreement with multiculturalism, measured as "If we want to create a society where people get along, we must recognize that each ethnic group has the right to maintain its own unique traditions." For Blacks, however, attitudes toward multiculturalism are not associated with psychological distress. Future research might determine if these results can be replicated, and if so, identify the causal mechanism(s) at work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank L. Samson
- UCLA Institute for Research on Labor and Employment, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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46
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Ethnic–racial identity content and the development of depressive symptoms among Latino adolescents. Dev Psychopathol 2018; 30:1557-1569. [DOI: 10.1017/s0954579418001086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe current study examined the concurrent and prospective associations of ethnic–racial identity content (i.e., centrality, private regard, and public regard) and depressive symptomatology among Latino adolescents. Data were drawn from a longitudinal study of Latino adolescents (N= 148, 53.4% girls) who were 13–14 years old at Wave 1. Results indicated that higher ethnic–racial centrality at Waves 1 and 2 predicted fewer depressive symptoms at Waves 2 and 3, respectively. In addition, more positive private regard at Wave 1 predicted fewer depressive symptoms at Wave 2, and more positive public regard at Wave 2 predicted fewer symptoms at Wave 3. Thus, ethnic–racial identity content may serve as a cultural protective factor that is linked to diminished depressive symptomatology among Latino youth.
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Schwartz SJ, Meca A, Ángel Cano M, Lorenzo-Blanco EI, Unger JB. Identity Development in Immigrant Youth. EUROPEAN PSYCHOLOGIST 2018. [DOI: 10.1027/1016-9040/a000335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. Rates of immigration are at an all-time high in many Western countries, and immigration can exert profound influences on identity development. These influences occur both at the individual level and at the group level, but these two sets of influences have rarely been considered simultaneously. Accordingly, this article adopts a multilevel approach to identity development among immigrant youth, with a focus on North American receiving contexts. We focus not only on individual ethnic, national, and personal identity development, but also on the societal-level intergroup processes (e.g., threats and stereotypes) that constrain the identity options available to immigrants. We highlight the prominence of biculturalism – endorsement of both heritage and destination-country identities – but also discuss ways in which biculturalism may be difficult to attain for some immigrants and immigrant groups. We also emphasize the interplay between individual immigrants’ identities and the mechanisms through which defensive policies enacted by “threatened” majority groups may harm identity development among immigrant youth. The article concludes with a listing of priorities for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth J. Schwartz
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL, USA
| | - Alan Meca
- Department of Psychology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Miguel Ángel Cano
- Department of Epidemiology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Elma I. Lorenzo-Blanco
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer B. Unger
- Institute for Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Merianos AL, Swoboda CM, Oluwoye OA, Gilreath TD, Unger JB. Depression and Alcohol Use in a National Sample of Hispanic Adolescents. Subst Use Misuse 2018; 53:716-723. [PMID: 29053393 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2017.1363234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Underage alcohol use and depression remain public health concerns for Hispanic adolescents nationwide. OBJECTIVES The study purpose was to identify the profiles of depression among Hispanic adolescents who reported experiencing depressive symptoms in their lifetime and classify them into groups based on their symptoms. Based on classifications, we examined the relationship between past year alcohol use and severity of depressive symptoms while controlling for sex and age. METHODS A secondary analysis of the 2013 NSDUH was conducted among Hispanic adolescents from 12 to 17 years of age (n = 585) who reported experiencing depressive symptoms. Latent class analysis was used to identify latent classes of depressive symptoms among Hispanic adolescents. A zero-inflated negative-binomial regression model was used to examine the relationship between alcohol use and depressive symptoms. RESULTS "High depressive" and "moderate depressive" classes were formed. The items that highly differentiated among the groups were felt worthless nearly every day, others noticed they were restless or lethargic, and had changes in appetite or weight. There was a significant difference (p = 0.03) between the classes based on alcohol use; those in the moderate depressive class were 1.71 times more likely to be identified as not reporting past alcohol use. Results indicated the high depressive class was estimated to have 1.62 more days of past year alcohol use than those in the moderate depressive class for adolescents who used alcohol (p < 0.001). Conclusions/Importance: Study findings can be used to address these significant public health issues impacting Hispanic adolescents. Recommendations are included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley L Merianos
- a Health Promotion and Education Program, School of Human Services , University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati , Ohio , USA
| | - Christopher M Swoboda
- b Quantitative and Mixed Methods Research Methodologies, School of Education , University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati , Ohio , USA
| | - Oladunni A Oluwoye
- c IREACH, College of Medicine , Washington State University , Spokane , Washington , USA
| | - Tamika D Gilreath
- d Department of Health and Kinesiology, College of Education and Human Development , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas , USA.,e Transdisciplinary Center for Health Equity Research , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas , USA
| | - Jennifer B Unger
- f Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California , USA
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Documet PI, Troyer MM, Macia L. Social Support, Health, and Health Care Access Among Latino Immigrant Men in an Emerging Community. HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/1090198118763870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective. To determine the association of social support with alcohol abuse, depression, and health care access among Latino immigrant men in an emerging Latino community (an area with a small yet growing Latino population). Methods. Cross-sectional baseline data of 140 men prior to a participatory male-to-male community health worker intervention among Latino immigrants were analyzed using logistic regression. Community health workers recruited community participants in Western Pennsylvania between 2011 and 2013. Results. Participants constituted a vulnerable group: 47% had not finished high school, 36% had moderate to severe depression, and 30% reported binge drinking in the past month. Health care access was low (insurance = 6%, usual source = 20%). In multivariable logistic regression high social support was associated with less binge drinking (odds ratio [OR] = 0.44; 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.20, 0.98]) and lower depression (OR = 0.22; 95% CI [0.09-0.54]). Social support was associated with having a dentist visit but not with other health care access measures. Conclusions. Results indicate that the role of social support seems important for drinking and depression but remains controversial for health care access. It raises the hypothesis that low social support may be one of the mechanisms for the increase in drinking that happens after immigration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laura Macia
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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50
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Shim RS, Kho CE, Murray-García J. Inequities in Mental Health and Mental Health Care: A Review and Future Directions. Psychiatr Ann 2018. [DOI: 10.3928/00485713-20180213-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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