1
|
Shah RV, Wurcel AG. Operationalization of Status Neutral Human Immunodeficiency Virus Care for Criminal-Legal Involved Populations. Infect Dis Clin North Am 2024:S0891-5520(24)00032-1. [PMID: 38876904 DOI: 10.1016/j.idc.2024.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
The United States has the highest number of people incarcerated in the world. Criminal-legal involved populations, including people who are incarcerated in jails and prisons and people who are under community carceral control through probation or parole are at an increased risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Increasing access to HIV testing, treatment and prevention is necessary to curb the HIV epidemic. This chapter outlines the history of HIV testing in jails and prisons and suggests a Status Neutral HIV Care Framework for improving access to HIV prevention services.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alysse G Wurcel
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Tufts Medicine, 800 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Quinn KG, Walsh JL, Johnson A, Edwards T, Takahashi L, Dakin A, Bouacha N, Voisin D. Police Violence Experienced by Black Gay and Bisexual Men: The Effects on HIV Care Engagement and Medication Adherence. AIDS Behav 2024; 28:1642-1649. [PMID: 38315300 PMCID: PMC11070282 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-024-04278-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Black men face high rates of police violence, including direct victimization and indirect exposure to or knowledge of harmful policing. This violence can result in death and physical harm, as well as in numerous poor mental health outcomes. There has been little research examining experiences of police violence experienced by Black gay and bisexual men or the effects of police brutality on HIV continuum of care outcomes. To address this important gap, in this exploratory study, we examined the effects of police brutality on engagement in HIV care and adherence to antiretroviral medications. Cross-sectional survey data were collected from 107 Black gay and bisexual men living with HIV. The path analysis showed that men with greater exposure to police violence had increased symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder and were more likely to have missed HIV care appointments in the past year. Additionally, there was a significant indirect effect of exposure to police violence on missed medication doses via PTSD symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine G Quinn
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin Center for AIDS Intervention Research, 2071 N. Summit Ave, Milwaukee, WI, 53202, USA.
| | - Jennifer L Walsh
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin Center for AIDS Intervention Research, 2071 N. Summit Ave, Milwaukee, WI, 53202, USA
| | - Anthony Johnson
- School of Social Work, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Travonne Edwards
- School of Child and Youth Care, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lois Takahashi
- Sol Price School of Public Policy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Dexter Voisin
- School of Applied Social Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Arant EC, Kavee AL, Wheeler B, Shook-Sa BE, Samoff E, Rosen DL. A novel use of HIV surveillance and court data to understand and improve care among a population of people with HIV experiencing criminal charges in North Carolina 2017-2020. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.04.14.24305790. [PMID: 38699336 PMCID: PMC11065039 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.14.24305790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Objectives Objectives To enumerate the population of people with HIV (PWH) with criminal charges and to estimate associations between charges and HIV outcomes. Methods We linked statewide North Carolina criminal court records to confidential HIV records (both 2017-2020) to identify a population of defendants with diagnosed HIV. We used generalized estimating equations to examine changes in viral suppression (outcome) pre-post criminal charges (exposure), adjusting for other demographic and legal system factors. Results 9,534 PWH experienced criminal charges. Compared to others with charges, PWH were more likely to be male and report Black race. The median duration of unresolved charges was longer for PWH. When adjusting for demographic factors, the period following resolution of charges was modestly associated with an increased risk of viral suppression (aRR 1.03 (95% confidence interval 1.02-1.04) compared to the pre-charge period. Conclusions A significant portion of PWH in NC had criminal charges during a three-year period, and these charges went unresolved for a longer time than those without HIV. These preliminary findings raise questions regarding whether PWH have appropriate access to legal services.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth C. Arant
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Andrew L. Kavee
- Sheps Center for Health Services Research at University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Brad Wheeler
- North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Raleigh, NC
| | - Bonnie E. Shook-Sa
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Erika Samoff
- North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Raleigh, NC
| | - David L. Rosen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
Correctional facilities house millions of residents in communities throughout the United States. Such congregate settings are critical for national infection prevention and control (IPC) efforts. Carceral settings can be sites where infectious diseases are detected in patient populations who may not otherwise have access to health care services, and as highlighted by the COVID-19 pandemic, where outbreaks of infectious diseases may result in spread to residents, correctional staff, and the community at large. Correctional IPC, while sharing commonalities with IPC in other settings, is unique programmatically and operationally. In this article, we identify common challenges with correctional IPC program implementation and recommend action steps for advancing correctional IPC as a national public health priority.
Collapse
|
5
|
Clemenzi-Allen AA, Hebert J, Reid MA, Mains T, Hammer H, Gandhi M, Pratt L, Wesson P. Interruptions in HIV and Behavioral Health Care for Criminal-Legal Involved People Living with HIV Following Implementation of Decarceration and Shelter in Place in San Francisco, California. AIDS Behav 2024; 28:1093-1103. [PMID: 38060113 PMCID: PMC10896806 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-023-04221-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Decarceration policies, enacted for SARS-CoV-2 mitigation in carceral settings, potentially exacerbated barriers to care for people living with HIV (PWH) with criminal legal involvement (CLI) during Shelter-in-Place (SIP) by limiting opportunities for engagement in provisions of HIV and behavioral health care. We compared health care engagement for PWH with CLI in San Francisco, California before and after decarceration and SIP using interrupted time series analyses. Administrative data identified PWH booked at the San Francisco County Jail with at least one clinic encounter from 01/01/2018-03/31/2020 within the municipal health care network. Monthly proportions of HIV, substance use, psychiatric and acute care encounters before (05/01/2019-02/29/2020) and after (03/01/2020-12/31/2020) SIP and decarceration were compared using Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) log-binomial and logistic regression models, clustering on the patient-level. Of 436 patients, mean age was 43 years (standard-deviation 11); 88% cisgender-male; 39% white, 66% homeless; 67% had trimorbidity by Elixhauser score (medical comorbidity, psychotic disorder or depression, and substance use disorder). Clinical encounters immediately dropped following SIP for HIV (aOR = 0.77; 95% CI: 0.67, 0.90) and substance use visits (aRR = 0.83; 95% CI: 0.70, 0.99) and declined in subsequent months. Differential reductions in clinical encounters were seen among Black/African Americans (aRR = 0.93; 95% CI: 0.88, 0.99) and people experiencing homelessness (aRR = 0.92; 95% CI: 0.87, 0.98). Significant reductions in care were observed for PWH with CLI during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly among Black/African Americans and people experiencing homelessness. Strategies to End the HIV Epidemic must improve engagement across diverse care settings to improve outcomes for this key population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Asa Clemenzi-Allen
- San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Division of HIV, Infection Diseases and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
- , 798 Brannan St, San Francisco, CA, 94103, USA.
| | - Jillian Hebert
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Michael Alistair Reid
- Division of HIV, Infection Diseases and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Tyler Mains
- San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hali Hammer
- San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Monica Gandhi
- Division of HIV, Infection Diseases and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Lisa Pratt
- San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Paul Wesson
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
AHONKHAI AA, BIAN A, ROBBINS NN, MAURER LA, CLOUSE K, PIERCE LJ, PERKINS JM, WERNKE SA, SHEPHERD BE, BRANTLEY M. Characterizing residential mobility among people with HIV in Tennessee and its impact on HIV care outcomes. AIDS 2024; 38:397-405. [PMID: 37916463 PMCID: PMC10872643 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000003778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our objective was to assess the prevalence and patterns of mobility among people with HIV (PWH) in Tennessee and its impact on HIV care outcomes. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. METHODS We combined residential address and HIV surveillance data from PWH in Tennessee from 2016 to 2018. Using Poisson regression, we estimated associations between in-state mobility (change in address or total miles moved) in 1 year and outcomes in the subsequent year; retention: having two CD4 + /HIV RNA values (labs) in a calendar year at least 3 months apart, loss to follow-up (LTFU): having labs at baseline but not the subsequent year, and viral suppression: HIV RNA less than 200 copies/ml. We applied a kernel density estimator to origin-destination address lines to visualize mobility patterns across demographic subgroups. RESULTS Among 17 428 PWH [median age 45 years (interquartile range; IQR 34-53)], 6564 (38%) had at least one move. Median miles moved was 8.9 (IQR 2.6-143.4)). We observed in-state movement between major cities (Chattanooga, Knoxville, Memphis and Nashville) and out-of-state movement to and from Georgia and Florida. Having at least one in-state move was associated with a decreased likelihood of retention [adjusted relative risk (aRR) = 0.91; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.88-0.95], and an increased risk of LTFU (aRR = 1.17; 95% CI 1.04-1.31, two to three moves vs. none). Greater distance moved in-state was associated with decreased retention and increased LTFU (aRR = 0.53; 95% CI 0.49-0.58, aRR = 2.52; 95% CI 2.25-2.83, respectively for 1000 vs. 0 miles). There was no association between mobility and viral suppression. CONCLUSION Mobility is common among PWH in Tennessee and is associated with initial poor engagement in HIV care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aima A. AHONKHAI
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Aihua BIAN
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | | | | | - Kate CLOUSE
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Vanderbilt University School of Nursing, Nashville, TN
| | - Leslie J. PIERCE
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Jessica M. PERKINS
- Department of Human & Organizational Development, Peabody College, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Steven A. WERNKE
- Department of Anthropology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Bryan E. SHEPHERD
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sugarman OK, Wendell DA, Wennerstrom AB, Bachhuber MA, Robinson WT. Examining Pre-Release Interventions on HIV Outcomes 12 Months After Release from Louisiana State Corrections. AIDS Behav 2023; 27:3916-3926. [PMID: 37306846 PMCID: PMC10258759 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-023-04106-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Louisiana has the highest proportion of people living with HIV (PLWH) in state prison custody. Linkage to care programs minimize odds of HIV care drop-off after release. Louisiana has two pre-release linkage to HIV care programs, one implemented through Louisiana Medicaid and another through the Office of Public Health. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of PLWH released from Louisiana corrections from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2019. We compared HIV care continuum outcomes within 12 months after release between intervention groups (received any vs. no intervention) using two proportion z-tests and multivariable logistic regression. Of 681 people, 389 (57.1%) were not released from a state prison facility and thus not eligible to receive interventions, 252 (37%) received any intervention, and 228 (33.5%) achieved viral suppression. Linkage to care within 30 days was significantly higher in people who received any intervention (v. no intervention, p = .0142). Receiving any intervention was associated with higher odds of attaining all continuum steps, though only significantly for linkage to care (AOR = 1.592, p = .0083). We also found differences in outcomes by sex, race, age, urbanicity of the return parish (county), and Medicaid enrollment between intervention groups. Receiving any intervention increased the odds of achieving HIV care outcomes, and was significantly impactful at improving care linkage. Interventions must be improved to enhance long-term post-release HIV care continuity and eliminate disparities in care outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivia K Sugarman
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Deborah A Wendell
- School of Public Health, LSU Health Sciences Center - New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA
- STD/HIV/Hepatitis Program, Louisiana Office of Public Health, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Ashley B Wennerstrom
- School of Public Health, LSU Health Sciences Center - New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA
- School of Medicine, Section of Community and Population Medicine, LSU Health Sciences Center - New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Marcus A Bachhuber
- School of Medicine, Section of Community and Population Medicine, LSU Health Sciences Center - New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - William T Robinson
- School of Public Health, LSU Health Sciences Center - New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA
- STD/HIV/Hepatitis Program, Louisiana Office of Public Health, New Orleans, LA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hotton AL, Lee F, Sheeler D, Ozik J, Collier N, Edali M, Ardestani BM, Brewer R, Schrode KM, Fujimoto K, Harawa NT, Schneider JA, Khanna AS. Impact of post-incarceration care engagement interventions on HIV transmission among young Black men who have sex with men and their sexual partners: an agent-based network modeling study. LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. AMERICAS 2023; 28:100628. [PMID: 38026447 PMCID: PMC10679934 DOI: 10.1016/j.lana.2023.100628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Understanding the impact of incarceration on HIV transmission among Black men who have sex with men is important given their disproportionate representation among people experiencing incarceration and the potential impact of incarceration on social and sexual networks, employment, housing, and medical care. We developed an agent-based network model (ABNM) of 10,000 agents representing young Black men who have sex with men in the city of Chicago to examine the impact of varying degrees of post-incarceration care disruption and care engagement interventions following release from jail on HIV incidence. Methods Exponential random graph models were used to model network formation and dissolution dynamics, and network dynamics and HIV care continuum engagement were varied according to incarceration status. Hypothetical interventions to improve post-release engagement in HIV care for individuals with incarceration (e.g., enhanced case management, linkage to housing and employment services) were compared to a control scenario with no change in HIV care engagement after release. Finding HIV incidence at 10 years was 4.98 [95% simulation interval (SI): 4.87, 5.09 per 100 person-years (py)] in the model population overall; 5.58 (95% SI 5.38, 5.76 per 100 py) among those with history of incarceration, and 12.86 (95% SI 11.89, 13.73 per 100 py) among partners of agents recently released from incarceration. Sustained post-release HIV care for agents with HIV and experiencing recent incarceration resulted in a 46% reduction in HIV incidence among post-incarceration partners [incidence rate (IR) per 100 py = 5.72 (95% SI 5.19, 6.27) vs. 10.61 (95% SI 10.09, 11.24); incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 0.54; (95% SI 0.48, 0.60)] and a 19% reduction in HIV incidence in the population overall [(IR per 100 py = 3.89 (95% SI 3.81-3.99) vs. 4.83 (95% SI 4.73, 4.92); IRR = 0.81 (95% SI 0.78, 0.83)] compared to a scenario with no change in HIV care engagement from pre-to post-release. Interpretation Developing effective and scalable interventions to increase HIV care engagement among individuals experiencing recent incarceration and their sexual partners is needed to reduce HIV transmission among Black men who have sex with men. Funding This work was supported by the following grants from the National Institutes of Health: R01DA039934; P20 GM 130414; P30 AI 042853; P30MH058107; T32 DA 043469; U2C DA050098 and the California HIV/AIDS Research Program: OS17-LA-003; H21PC3466.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna L. Hotton
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Francis Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Daniel Sheeler
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jonathan Ozik
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
- Consortium for Advanced Science and Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nicholson Collier
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
- Consortium for Advanced Science and Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mert Edali
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Besiktas, Istanbul, 34349, Turkey
| | | | - Russell Brewer
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Katrina M. Schrode
- Department of Psychiatry, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kayo Fujimoto
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nina T. Harawa
- Department of Psychiatry, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - John A. Schneider
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Aditya S. Khanna
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies and Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kalinjuma AV, Glass TR, Masanja H, Weisser M, Msengwa AS, Vanobberghen F, Otwombe K. Statistical methods applied for the assessment of the HIV cascade and continuum of care: a systematic scoping review. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e071392. [PMID: 37996221 PMCID: PMC10668296 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-071392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This scoping review aims to identify and synthesise existing statistical methods used to assess the progress of HIV treatment programmes in terms of the HIV cascade and continuum of care among people living with HIV (PLHIV). DESIGN Systematic scoping review. DATA SOURCES Published articles were retrieved from PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) Complete and Excerpta Medica dataBASE (EMBASE) databases between April and July 2022. We also strategically search using the Google Scholar search engine and reference lists of published articles. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA This scoping review included original English articles that estimated and described the HIV cascade and continuum of care progress in PLHIV. The review considered quantitative articles that evaluated either HIV care cascade progress in terms of the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV and AIDS targets or the dynamics of engagement in HIV care. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS The first author and the librarian developed database search queries and screened the retrieved titles and abstracts. Two independent reviewers and the first author extracted data using a standardised data extraction tool. The data analysis was descriptive and the findings are presented in tables and visuals. RESULTS This review included 300 articles. Cross-sectional study design methods were the most commonly used to assess the HIV care cascade (n=279, 93%). In cross-sectional and longitudinal studies, the majority used proportions to describe individuals at each cascade stage (276/279 (99%) and 20/21 (95%), respectively). In longitudinal studies, the time spent in cascade stages, transition probabilities and cumulative incidence functions was estimated. The logistic regression model was common in both cross-sectional (101/279, 36%) and longitudinal studies (7/21, 33%). Of the 21 articles that used a longitudinal design, six articles used multistate models, which included non-parametric, parametric, continuous-time, time-homogeneous and discrete-time multistate Markov models. CONCLUSIONS Most literature on the HIV cascade and continuum of care arises from cross-sectional studies. The use of longitudinal study design methods in the HIV cascade is growing because such methods can provide additional information about transition dynamics along the cascade. Therefore, a methodological guide for applying different types of longitudinal design methods to the HIV continuum of care assessments is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aneth Vedastus Kalinjuma
- Department of Interventions and Clinical Trials, Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Tracy Renée Glass
- Medicines Department, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Honorati Masanja
- Department of Interventions and Clinical Trials, Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - Maja Weisser
- Department of Interventions and Clinical Trials, Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania
- Medicines Department, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Amina Suleiman Msengwa
- Department of Statistics, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - Fiona Vanobberghen
- Medicines Department, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kennedy Otwombe
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Uusküla A, Rannap J, Weijler L, Abagiu A, Arendt V, Barrio G, Barros H, Brummer-Korvenkontio H, Casabona J, Croes E, Jarlais DD, Seguin-Devaux C, Dudás M, Eritsyan K, Folch C, Hatzakis A, Heimer R, Heinsbroek E, Hope V, Jipa R, Ķīvīte-Urtāne A, Levina O, Lyubimova A, Malczewski A, Matser A, McAuley A, Meireles P, Mravčík V, Op de Coul E, Ojavee SE, Parés-Badell O, Prins M, Pulido J, Romanyak E, Rosinska M, Seyler T, Stone J, Sypsa V, Talu A, Tarján A, Taylor A, Vickerman P, Vorobjov S, Dolan K, Wiessing L. Incarceration history is associated with HIV infection among community-recruited people who inject drugs in Europe: A propensity-score matched analysis of cross-sectional studies. Addiction 2023; 118:2177-2192. [PMID: 37991429 DOI: 10.1111/add.16283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
AIMS We measured the association between a history of incarceration and HIV positivity among people who inject drugs (PWID) across Europe. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS This was a cross-sectional, multi-site, multi-year propensity-score matched analysis conducted in Europe. Participants comprised community-recruited PWID who reported a recent injection (within the last 12 months). MEASUREMENTS Data on incarceration history, demographics, substance use, sexual behavior and harm reduction service use originated from cross-sectional studies among PWID in Europe. Our primary outcome was HIV status. Generalized linear mixed models and propensity-score matching were used to compare HIV status between ever- and never-incarcerated PWID. FINDINGS Among 43 807 PWID from 82 studies surveyed (in 22 sites and 13 countries), 58.7% reported having ever been in prison and 7.16% (n = 3099) tested HIV-positive. Incarceration was associated with 30% higher odds of HIV infection [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.32, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.09-1.59]; the association between a history of incarceration and HIV infection was strongest among PWID, with the lowest estimated propensity-score for having a history of incarceration (aOR = 1.78, 95% CI = 1.47-2.16). Additionally, mainly injecting cocaine and/or opioids (aOR = 2.16, 95% CI = 1.33-3.53), increased duration of injecting drugs (per 8 years aOR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.16-1.48), ever sharing needles/syringes (aOR = 1.91, 95% CI = 1.59-2.28) and increased income inequality among the general population (measured by the Gini index, aOR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.18-1.51) were associated with a higher odds of HIV infection. Older age (per 8 years aOR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.76-0.94), male sex (aOR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.65-0.91) and reporting pharmacies as the main source of clean syringes (aOR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.59-0.88) were associated with lower odds of HIV positivity. CONCLUSIONS A history of incarceration appears to be independently associated with HIV infection among people who inject drugs (PWID) in Europe, with a stronger effect among PWID with lower probability of incarceration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anneli Uusküla
- Institute of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jürgen Rannap
- Institute of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Lisa Weijler
- European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Adrian Abagiu
- National Institute for Infectious diseases 'Professor Dr Matei Bals', Bucharest, Romania
| | - Vic Arendt
- Service National des Maladies Infectieuses, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Gregorio Barrio
- National School of Public Health, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Henrique Barros
- EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Jordi Casabona
- Centre for Epidemiological Studies on Sexually Transmitted Infections and HIV/AIDS of Catalonia (CEEISCAT), Catalonia Public Health Agency (ASPCAT), Badalona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Don Des Jarlais
- School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, 10012, USA
| | - Carole Seguin-Devaux
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg
| | - Mária Dudás
- National Public Health Center, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ksenia Eritsyan
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Cinta Folch
- Centre for Epidemiological Studies on Sexually Transmitted Infections and HIV/AIDS of Catalonia (CEEISCAT), Catalonia Public Health Agency (ASPCAT), Badalona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angelos Hatzakis
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Robert Heimer
- Department of the Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ellen Heinsbroek
- Blood Safety, Hepatitis, STI & HIV Division, UK Health Security Agency, London, UK
| | - Vivian Hope
- Blood Safety, Hepatitis, STI & HIV Division, UK Health Security Agency, London, UK
- Public Health Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Raluca Jipa
- National Institute for Infectious diseases 'Professor Dr Matei Bals', Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Olga Levina
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, St Petersburg, Russia
- Acuity Systems, Herndon, VA, USA
| | - Alexandra Lyubimova
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Artur Malczewski
- EMCDDA Polish National Focal Point, National Bureau for Drug Prevention, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Amy Matser
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam Infection andd Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Andrew McAuley
- Public Health Scotland, Meridian Court, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Paula Meireles
- EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Viktor Mravčík
- Department of Addictology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
- Společnost Podané ruce, Brno, Czech Republic
- Klinika Podané ruce, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eline Op de Coul
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Sven E Ojavee
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Maria Prins
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam Infection andd Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - José Pulido
- National School of Public Health, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Public Health and Maternal and Child Health, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Magdalena Rosinska
- Department of Infectious Diseases Epidemiology and Surveillance, National Institute of Public Health NIH, National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Thomas Seyler
- European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jack Stone
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Vana Sypsa
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Ave Talu
- Institute of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Anna Tarján
- Hungarian Reitox National Focal Point, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Avril Taylor
- Emeritus Professor of Public Health, School of Education and Social Sciences, University of West Scotland, Paisley, Scotland, UK
| | - Peter Vickerman
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Sigrid Vorobjov
- Department of Drug and Infectious Diseases Epidemiology, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Kate Dolan
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, the University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lucas Wiessing
- European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA), Lisbon, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sazonova Y, Kulchynska R, Azarskova M, Liulchuk M, Salyuk T, Doan I, Barzilay E. Population-level prevalence of detectable HIV viremia in people who inject drugs (PWID) in Ukraine: Implications for HIV treatment and case finding interventions. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290661. [PMID: 37883454 PMCID: PMC10602286 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Achievement of viral load suppression among people living with HIV is one of the most important goals for effective HIV epidemic response. In Ukraine, people who inject drugs (PWID) experience the largest HIV burden. At the same time, this group disproportionally missed out in HIV treatment services. We performed a secondary data analysis of the national-wide cross-sectional bio-behavioral surveillance survey among PWID to assess the population-level prevalence of detectable HIV viremia and identify key characteristics that explain the outcome. Overall, 11.4% of PWID or 52.6% of HIV-positive PWID had a viral load level that exceeded the 1,000 copies/mL threshold. In the group of HIV-positive PWID, the detectable viremia was attributed to younger age, monthly income greater than minimum wage, lower education level, and non-usage of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and opioid agonistic therapy. Compared with HIV-negative PWID, the HIV-positive group with detectable viremia was more likely to be female, represented the middle age group (35-49 years old), had low education and monthly income levels, used opioid drugs, practiced risky injection behavior, and had previous incarceration history. Implementing the HIV case identification and ART linkage interventions focused on the most vulnerable PWID sub-groups might help closing the gaps in ART service coverage and increasing the proportion of HIV-positive PWID with viral load suppression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yana Sazonova
- PEPFAR Coordination Office in Ukraine, Division of Global HIV and TB, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Roksolana Kulchynska
- Division of Global HIV and TB, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Marianna Azarskova
- Division of Global HIV and TB, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Mariia Liulchuk
- State Institution "The L.V. Gromashevskij Institute of Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases of NAMS of Ukraine", Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Tetiana Salyuk
- Monitoring and Evaluation Unit, ICF "Alliance for Public Health", Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Ivan Doan
- Division of Global HIV and TB, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Ezra Barzilay
- Division of Global HIV and TB, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Kyiv, Ukraine
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Feldman MB, Montero N, Thomas JA, Hoffman S, Nguyen N, Lentz CL, Sukumaran S, Mellins CA. Durable Viral Suppression Among Young Adults Living with HIV Receiving Ryan White Services in New York City. AIDS Behav 2023; 27:3197-3205. [PMID: 37084103 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-023-04040-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Identifying factors associated with durable viral suppression (DVS) can inform interventions to support young adults living with HIV (YALWH) in sustaining optimal health. We examined associations between client characteristics and DVS among YALWH aged 18-29 who completed an intake assessment and received ≥ 1 Ryan White Part A service in New York City from 1/2017 to 12/2019. Individuals were classified as achieving DVS at least once if they had ≥ 2 suppressed viral load test results ≥ 90 days apart with: (a) no intervening unsuppressed viral load test results in a 12-month period; and (b) no unsuppressed viral load test results after achieving DVS in that 12-month period. Of 2208 YALWH, 92.1% (n = 2034) had sufficient data in the New York City HIV Surveillance Registry to ascertain DVS status. Of these, 68% achieved DVS at least once. Controlling for ART prescription status at intake, YALWH with higher incomes were significantly more likely to achieve DVS at least once. YALWH with lifetime and recent histories of incarceration and/or drug use were significantly less likely to achieve DVS. Our findings underscore the potential role of tailored harm reduction and post-incarceration programs in reducing health inequities among YALWH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B Feldman
- New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Bureau of Hepatitis, HIV, and Sexually Transmitted Infections, Queens, NY, USA.
- JEVS Human Services, 1845 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19103, USA.
| | - Noelisa Montero
- New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Bureau of Hepatitis, HIV, and Sexually Transmitted Infections, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Jacinthe A Thomas
- New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Bureau of Hepatitis, HIV, and Sexually Transmitted Infections, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Susie Hoffman
- HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies, Division of Gender, Sexuality, and Health, Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nadia Nguyen
- HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies, Division of Gender, Sexuality, and Health, Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cody L Lentz
- HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies, Division of Gender, Sexuality, and Health, Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephen Sukumaran
- HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies, Division of Gender, Sexuality, and Health, Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Claude A Mellins
- HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies, Division of Gender, Sexuality, and Health, Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tolou-Shams M, Ramaiya M, Lara Salas J, Ezimora I, Shumway M, Duerr Berrick J, Aguilera A, Borsari B, Dauria E, Friedling N, Holmes C, Grandi A. A Family-Based Mental Health Navigator Intervention for Youth in the Child Welfare System: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2023; 12:e49999. [PMID: 37698896 PMCID: PMC10523219 DOI: 10.2196/49999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Youth in the child welfare system (child welfare-involved [CWI] youth) have high documented rates of mental health symptoms and experience significant disparities in mental health care services access and engagement. Adolescence is a developmental stage that confers increased likelihood of experiencing mental health symptoms and the emergence of disorders that can persist into adulthood. Despite a high documented need for evidence-based mental health services for CWI youth, coordination between child welfare and mental health service systems to increase access to care remains inadequate, and engagement in mental health services is low. Navigator models developed in the health care field to address challenges of service access, fragmentation, and continuity that affect the quality of care provide a promising approach to increase linkage to, and engagement in, mental health services for CWI youth. However, at present, there is no empirically supported mental health navigator model to address the unique and complex mental health needs of CWI youth and their families. OBJECTIVE Using a randomized controlled trial, this study aims to develop and test a foster care family navigator (FCFN) model to improve mental health service outcomes for CWI adolescents (aged 12-17 years). METHODS The navigator model leverages an in-person navigator and use of adjunctive digital health technology to engage with, and improve, care coordination, tracking, and monitoring of mental health service needs for CWI youth and families. In total, 80 caregiver-youth dyads will be randomized to receive either the FCFN intervention or standard of care (clinical case management services): 40 (50%) to FCFN and 40 (50%) to control. Qualitative exit interviews will inform the feasibility and acceptability of the services received during the 6-month period. The primary trial outcomes are mental health treatment initiation and engagement. Other pre- and postservice outcomes, such as proportion screened and time to screening, will also be evaluated. We hypothesize that youth receiving the FCFN intervention will have higher rates of mental health treatment initiation and engagement than youth receiving standard of care. RESULTS We propose enrollment of 80 dyads by March 2024, final data collection by September 2024, and the publication of main findings in March 2025. After final data analysis and writing of the results, the resulting manuscripts will be submitted to journals for dissemination. CONCLUSIONS This study will be the first to produce empirically driven conclusions and recommendations for implementing a family mental health navigation model for CWI youth with long-standing and unaddressed disparities in behavioral health services access. The study findings have potential to have large-scale trial applicability and be feasible and acceptable for eventual system implementation and adoption. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04506437; https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04506437. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/49999.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Tolou-Shams
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Megan Ramaiya
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jannet Lara Salas
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Ifunanya Ezimora
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Martha Shumway
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jill Duerr Berrick
- Berkeley Social Welfare, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Adrian Aguilera
- Berkeley Social Welfare, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Brian Borsari
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- San Francisco Veteran Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Emily Dauria
- School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Naomi Friedling
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Crystal Holmes
- Foster Care Mental Health, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Adam Grandi
- Foster Care Mental Health, San Francisco, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hoff E, Hansen L, Pulitzer Z, Campalans N, Salyards M, Muquith M, Shavit S, Nguyen H, Crain C, Walker R, Nijhawan AE. A randomized control trial of a combined community health worker and re-entry intervention for people with HIV recently released from jail who use substances. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE AND ADDICTION TREATMENT 2023; 152:209118. [PMID: 37454733 DOI: 10.1016/j.josat.2023.209118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION People with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; PWH) who use substances are disproportionately involved in the criminal justice system. While HIV viral suppression typically improves during incarceration, these gains are frequently lost after release. We evaluated the impact of a combined intervention (formerly incarcerated community health workers [CHW] plus a re-entry organization; CHW+) on postrelease HIV- and substance use-related outcomes. METHODS We conducted a pilot randomized controlled trial of a CHW+ for PWH who use substances, within 30 days of release from a large southern, urban jail. Between February 2019 and August 2021, participants were recruited, enrolled, and randomized to treatment as usual (TAU; passive referral to care) or CHW+. Follow up study visits occurred at 3, 6, and 12 months. The primary outcome was HIV VL at 6 months; secondary outcomes included 6-month urinary toxicology and high-risk substance use at 12 months. RESULTS A total of 31 participants were enrolled who were primarily male (n = 24; 77 %), Black (n = 22; 71 %), unemployed (n = 23; 74.2 %), had unstable housing (n = 18; 58 %), had food insecurity (n = 14; 45 %), and reported their drug of choice was stimulants (n = 24; 77 %). The study identified no significant difference in HIV VL suppression at 6 months (20 % v. 37 %; [CHW+ v. TAU], p = 0.61). We observed improved substance use outcomes in CHW+ v. TAU, including fewer positive urinary toxicology screens for stimulants (40 % v. 100 %; p = 0.01) and a trend toward less high-risk substance use (30 % v. 43 %). The CHW+ group met more basic needs, such as food security [+32 % v. +11 %], housing security [+52 % v. -7 %] and full-time employment [+20 % v. +5 %] compared to TAU. CONCLUSIONS PWH who use substances assigned to a combined intervention of CHW+ after jail release did not achieve higher rates of HIV VL suppression than TAU; however, they had improved substance use outcomes and met more basic subsistence needs. Results highlight the potential of culturally informed interventions to address the competing needs of PWH who use substances after release from jail and call for further development of innovative solutions to successfully bridge to HIV care in the community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Hoff
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas-Southwestern, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Laura Hansen
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, University of Texas-Southwestern, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Zoe Pulitzer
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, University of Texas-Southwestern, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Nicholas Campalans
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Maverick Salyards
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, University of Texas-Southwestern, Dallas, TX, United States; Department of Public Health, Texas Christian University, United States
| | - Maishara Muquith
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas-Southwestern, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Shira Shavit
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Hue Nguyen
- Unlocking DOORS®, Dallas, TX, United States
| | | | - Robrina Walker
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, University of Texas-Southwestern, Dallas, TX, United States; The Emmes Company, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Ank E Nijhawan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas-Southwestern, Dallas, TX, United States; Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, University of Texas-Southwestern, Dallas, TX, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Rogers BG, Murphy M, Zanowick-Marr A, Chambers L, Maynard M, Galipeau D, Toma E, Almonte A, Napoleon S, Chan PA. Characterizing HIV Syndemics and the Role of Incarceration Among Men Who have Sex with Men Presenting for Care at a Sexually Transmitted Infections Clinic. AIDS Behav 2023; 27:2513-2522. [PMID: 36633764 PMCID: PMC10336172 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-023-03978-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Men who have sex with men (MSM) with a history of incarceration experience unique risk factors for HIV acquisition. The current study examined unique risk factors for HIV among MSM with a history of incarceration presenting to a sexually transmitted infections (STI) clinic. We analyzed self-reported behavioral data from clinical encounters among patients attending the clinic between January 2012 and April 2021. There were 17,221 unique visits, of which 5988 were MSM. Of these, 4.34% (N = 206) were MSM with a history of incarceration. MSM with a history of incarceration were significantly more likely to report a range of behavioral risk factors for HIV, yet also were significantly less likely to perceive themselves at risk for HIV. Future research and practice should develop culturally tailored biobehavioral HIV prevention services and consider embedding these programs within criminal justice settings to better reach this at-risk group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brooke G Rogers
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, 02903, USA.
| | - Matthew Murphy
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
- The Rhode Island Public Health Institute, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Alexandra Zanowick-Marr
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Laura Chambers
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, 02903, USA
| | - Michaela Maynard
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Drew Galipeau
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Emily Toma
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Alexi Almonte
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Siena Napoleon
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Philip A Chan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Reyes JV, Myles RL, Luo Q, Beer L, Burton DC. Sociodemographic and Clinical Characteristics Associated With Recent Incarceration Among People With HIV, United States, 2015-2017. Public Health Rep 2023; 138:610-618. [PMID: 35848105 PMCID: PMC10291169 DOI: 10.1177/00333549221106646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We examined sociodemographic, clinical, and behavioral factors associated with previous incarceration among people with diagnosed HIV to inform HIV care efforts for this population. METHODS We used 2015-2017 data from a cross-sectional, nationally representative sample of US adults with diagnosed HIV (N = 11 739). We computed weighted percentages and 95% CIs to compare the characteristics of people with HIV incarcerated in the past 12 months (ie, recently) with people with HIV not recently incarcerated. We used adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) with predicted marginal means to examine associations between selected factors and incarceration status. RESULTS Adults with HIV who were recently incarcerated, when compared with those who were not, were more likely to be aged 18-29 years (prevalence ratio [PR] = 2.51), non-Hispanic Black (PR = 1.39), less educated ( CONCLUSIONS Among people with HIV, recent incarceration was associated with increased health risks and worse health outcomes. Pre- and postrelease linkage-to-care interventions and reentry services might improve the health of recently incarcerated people with HIV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jovanni V. Reyes
- Division of HIV Prevention, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ranell L. Myles
- Office of the Director, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Qingwei Luo
- Strategic Innovative Solutions, LLC, Clearwater, FL, USA
| | - Linda Beer
- Division of HIV Prevention, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Deron C. Burton
- Office of the Director, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Levano SR, Epting ME, Pluznik JA, Philips V, Riback LR, Zhang C, Aseffa B, Kapadia AR, Bowden CJ, Jordan B, O’Donovan E, Spaulding AC, Akiyama MJ. HIV testing in jails: Comparing strategies to maximize engagement in HIV treatment and prevention. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286805. [PMID: 37352306 PMCID: PMC10289455 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite 15,000 people enter US jails yearly with undiagnosed HIV infection, routine HIV testing is not standard. Maximizing the yield and speed of HIV testing in short-term detention facilities could promote rapid entry or re-entry of people living with HIV (PLWH) into care. The goal of this study was to evaluate the impact of third generation, rapid point-of-care (rPOC) vs. fourth generation, laboratory-based antigen/antibody (LBAg/Ab) testing on the HIV care cascade in a large urban jail during a planned transition. We used aggregate historical data to compare rPOC testing and LBAg/Ab testing in the D.C. Department of Corrections. We examined two time periods, January to August 2019 when rPOC testing was performed, and October 2019 to January 2020 after LBAg/Ab testing began. We calculated monthly rates of HIV tests performed, HIV test results received, HIV test results received among those tested, antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation, and proportion of PLWH receiving discharge planning prior to release. We then conducted an interrupted time series analysis to assess the differences between testing periods. There were 14,237 entrants during the first time period and 7,569 entrants during the second. Transitioning from rPOC to LBAg/Ab testing increased the rate of test uptake by 38.5% (95% CI: 14.0, 68.3), decreased the rate of test results received among those tested by 13.1% (95% CI: -14.0, -12.1), and increased the combined rate of HIV tests performed and results received by 20.4% (95% CI: 1.5, 42.8). Although the rate of HIV testing was greater under LBAg/Ab, PLWH received results immediately through rPOC testing, which is critically important in short-stay enviroments. Increasing rPOC uptake would increase its value and combined testing may maximize the detection of HIV and receipt of results among persons passing through jails.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha R. Levano
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Mallory E. Epting
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jacob A. Pluznik
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Victoria Philips
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Lindsey R. Riback
- Divisions of General Internal Medicine & Infectious Diseases, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Chenshu Zhang
- Divisions of General Internal Medicine & Infectious Diseases, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Binyam Aseffa
- D.C Department of Corrections, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Aman R. Kapadia
- Unity Health Care, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Chava J. Bowden
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Beth Jordan
- D.C Department of Corrections, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Eleni O’Donovan
- Unity Health Care, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Anne C. Spaulding
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Matthew J. Akiyama
- Divisions of General Internal Medicine & Infectious Diseases, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Parchinski K, Di Paola A, Wilson AP, Springer SA. The relationship between reincarceration and treatment of opioid use disorder with extended-release naltrexone among persons with HIV. DRUG AND ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE REPORTS 2023; 7:100159. [PMID: 37159815 PMCID: PMC10163604 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadr.2023.100159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Background In the United States, a disproportionate number of persons with HIV (PWH) and opioid use disorder (OUD) are involved in the justice system. Medications for OUD (MOUD) can reduce convictions and incarceration time in persons with OUD. Extended-release naltrexone (XR-NTX) has been shown to reduce craving of opioids, recurrence of use, and overdose and help achieve or maintain HIV viral suppression in PWH with OUD involved with the justice system. Objectives This retrospective study aimed to describe factors associated with reincarceration and to evaluate if XR-NTX was associated with reduced reincarceration among PWH and OUD who were released to the community from incarceration. Methods Data from participants released to the community from incarceration from a completed randomized controlled trial was analyzed using a generalized linear model to estimate odds ratios associated with reincarceration and a Kaplan-Meier survival analysis to determine time to reincarceration and non-reincarcerated individuals were compared. Results Of the 77 participants, 41 (53.2%) were reincarcerated during the 12-month study period. The mean time to reincarceration was 190 days (SD=108.3). Compared with participants who remained in the community, reincarcerated participants were more likely to have major depressive disorder at study baseline, increased opioid cravings, longer mean lifetime incarceration, and a higher physical quality of life score. XR-NTX was not significantly associated statistically with reincarceration in this analysis. Conclusion Reducing reincarceration is a public health priority, given the high proportion of PWH and OUD in the U.S. justice system as well as high degrees of persons returning to the community and having care interrupted due to reincarceration. This analysis determined that potentially identifying depression in recently released individuals could improve HIV outcomes, decrease recurrence of opioid use, and reduce reincarceration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaley Parchinski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, AIDS Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | - Angela Di Paola
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, AIDS Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Allison P. Wilson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, AIDS Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- The Chicago Center for HIV Elimination, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Sandra A. Springer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, AIDS Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Uggen C, Schnittker J, Shannon S, Massoglia M. The contingent effect of incarceration on state health outcomes. SSM Popul Health 2023; 21:101322. [PMID: 36632050 PMCID: PMC9827052 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study examines how growth in the population of former prisoners affects rates of communicable diseases such as tuberculosis, syphilis, chlamydia, and HIV. Methods We estimate state-level fixed effects count models showing how the former prisoner population affected communicable disease in U.S. states from 1987 to 2010, a period of dramatic growth in incarceration. Results We find contingent effects, based on how specific diseases are recognized, tested, and treated in prisons. The rate of former prisoners increases diseases that are poorly addressed in the prison health care system (e.g., chlamydia), but decreases diseases that are routinely tested and treated (e.g., tuberculosis). For HIV, the relationship has shifted in response to specific treatment mandates and protocols. Data on prison healthcare spending tracks these contingencies. Discussion Improving the health of prisoners can improve the health of the communities to which they return. We consider these results in light of the relative quality of detection and treatment available to underserved populations within and outside prisons.
Collapse
|
20
|
Hawks L, Wang EA, Butt AA, Crystal S, Keith McInnes D, Re VL, Cartwright EJ, Puglisi LB, Haque LYK, Lim JK, Justice AC, McGinnis KA. Treating Hepatitis C in Individuals With Previous Incarceration: The Veterans Health Administration, 2012-2019. Am J Public Health 2023; 113:162-165. [PMID: 36480765 PMCID: PMC9850617 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2022.307152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
To determine whether the Veterans Health Administration's (VHA) hepatitis C (HCV) treatment campaign reached marginalized populations, we compared HCV care by previous incarceration status with Veterans Aging Cohort Study data. Of those with and those without previous incarceration, respectively, 40% and 21% had detectable HCV, 59% and 65% underwent treatment (P = .07); 92% and 94% of those who completed treatment achieved sustained virologic response. The VHA HCV treatment effort was successful and other systems should replicate those efforts. (Am J Public Health. 2023;113(2):162-165. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2022.307152).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Hawks
- Laura Hawks is with the Center for Advancing Population Science, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee. Emily A. Wang and Lisa B. Puglisi are with the SEICHE Center for Health and Justice, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT. Adeel A. Butt is with the Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY. Stephen Crystal is with the Center for Health Services Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ. D. Keith McInnes is with the Department of Health Law, Policy, and Management, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA. Vincent Lo Re III is with the Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. Emily J. Cartwright is with the Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA. Lamia Y. K. Haque and Joseph K. Lim are with the Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT. Amy C. Justice and Kathleen A. McGinnis are with the VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven
| | - Emily A Wang
- Laura Hawks is with the Center for Advancing Population Science, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee. Emily A. Wang and Lisa B. Puglisi are with the SEICHE Center for Health and Justice, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT. Adeel A. Butt is with the Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY. Stephen Crystal is with the Center for Health Services Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ. D. Keith McInnes is with the Department of Health Law, Policy, and Management, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA. Vincent Lo Re III is with the Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. Emily J. Cartwright is with the Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA. Lamia Y. K. Haque and Joseph K. Lim are with the Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT. Amy C. Justice and Kathleen A. McGinnis are with the VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven
| | - Adeel A Butt
- Laura Hawks is with the Center for Advancing Population Science, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee. Emily A. Wang and Lisa B. Puglisi are with the SEICHE Center for Health and Justice, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT. Adeel A. Butt is with the Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY. Stephen Crystal is with the Center for Health Services Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ. D. Keith McInnes is with the Department of Health Law, Policy, and Management, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA. Vincent Lo Re III is with the Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. Emily J. Cartwright is with the Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA. Lamia Y. K. Haque and Joseph K. Lim are with the Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT. Amy C. Justice and Kathleen A. McGinnis are with the VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven
| | - Stephen Crystal
- Laura Hawks is with the Center for Advancing Population Science, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee. Emily A. Wang and Lisa B. Puglisi are with the SEICHE Center for Health and Justice, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT. Adeel A. Butt is with the Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY. Stephen Crystal is with the Center for Health Services Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ. D. Keith McInnes is with the Department of Health Law, Policy, and Management, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA. Vincent Lo Re III is with the Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. Emily J. Cartwright is with the Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA. Lamia Y. K. Haque and Joseph K. Lim are with the Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT. Amy C. Justice and Kathleen A. McGinnis are with the VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven
| | - D Keith McInnes
- Laura Hawks is with the Center for Advancing Population Science, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee. Emily A. Wang and Lisa B. Puglisi are with the SEICHE Center for Health and Justice, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT. Adeel A. Butt is with the Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY. Stephen Crystal is with the Center for Health Services Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ. D. Keith McInnes is with the Department of Health Law, Policy, and Management, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA. Vincent Lo Re III is with the Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. Emily J. Cartwright is with the Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA. Lamia Y. K. Haque and Joseph K. Lim are with the Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT. Amy C. Justice and Kathleen A. McGinnis are with the VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven
| | - Vincent Lo Re
- Laura Hawks is with the Center for Advancing Population Science, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee. Emily A. Wang and Lisa B. Puglisi are with the SEICHE Center for Health and Justice, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT. Adeel A. Butt is with the Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY. Stephen Crystal is with the Center for Health Services Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ. D. Keith McInnes is with the Department of Health Law, Policy, and Management, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA. Vincent Lo Re III is with the Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. Emily J. Cartwright is with the Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA. Lamia Y. K. Haque and Joseph K. Lim are with the Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT. Amy C. Justice and Kathleen A. McGinnis are with the VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven
| | - Emily J Cartwright
- Laura Hawks is with the Center for Advancing Population Science, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee. Emily A. Wang and Lisa B. Puglisi are with the SEICHE Center for Health and Justice, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT. Adeel A. Butt is with the Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY. Stephen Crystal is with the Center for Health Services Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ. D. Keith McInnes is with the Department of Health Law, Policy, and Management, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA. Vincent Lo Re III is with the Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. Emily J. Cartwright is with the Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA. Lamia Y. K. Haque and Joseph K. Lim are with the Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT. Amy C. Justice and Kathleen A. McGinnis are with the VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven
| | - Lisa B Puglisi
- Laura Hawks is with the Center for Advancing Population Science, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee. Emily A. Wang and Lisa B. Puglisi are with the SEICHE Center for Health and Justice, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT. Adeel A. Butt is with the Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY. Stephen Crystal is with the Center for Health Services Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ. D. Keith McInnes is with the Department of Health Law, Policy, and Management, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA. Vincent Lo Re III is with the Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. Emily J. Cartwright is with the Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA. Lamia Y. K. Haque and Joseph K. Lim are with the Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT. Amy C. Justice and Kathleen A. McGinnis are with the VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven
| | - Lamia Y K Haque
- Laura Hawks is with the Center for Advancing Population Science, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee. Emily A. Wang and Lisa B. Puglisi are with the SEICHE Center for Health and Justice, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT. Adeel A. Butt is with the Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY. Stephen Crystal is with the Center for Health Services Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ. D. Keith McInnes is with the Department of Health Law, Policy, and Management, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA. Vincent Lo Re III is with the Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. Emily J. Cartwright is with the Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA. Lamia Y. K. Haque and Joseph K. Lim are with the Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT. Amy C. Justice and Kathleen A. McGinnis are with the VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven
| | - Joseph K Lim
- Laura Hawks is with the Center for Advancing Population Science, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee. Emily A. Wang and Lisa B. Puglisi are with the SEICHE Center for Health and Justice, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT. Adeel A. Butt is with the Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY. Stephen Crystal is with the Center for Health Services Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ. D. Keith McInnes is with the Department of Health Law, Policy, and Management, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA. Vincent Lo Re III is with the Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. Emily J. Cartwright is with the Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA. Lamia Y. K. Haque and Joseph K. Lim are with the Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT. Amy C. Justice and Kathleen A. McGinnis are with the VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven
| | - Amy C Justice
- Laura Hawks is with the Center for Advancing Population Science, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee. Emily A. Wang and Lisa B. Puglisi are with the SEICHE Center for Health and Justice, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT. Adeel A. Butt is with the Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY. Stephen Crystal is with the Center for Health Services Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ. D. Keith McInnes is with the Department of Health Law, Policy, and Management, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA. Vincent Lo Re III is with the Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. Emily J. Cartwright is with the Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA. Lamia Y. K. Haque and Joseph K. Lim are with the Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT. Amy C. Justice and Kathleen A. McGinnis are with the VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven
| | - Kathleen A McGinnis
- Laura Hawks is with the Center for Advancing Population Science, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee. Emily A. Wang and Lisa B. Puglisi are with the SEICHE Center for Health and Justice, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT. Adeel A. Butt is with the Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY. Stephen Crystal is with the Center for Health Services Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ. D. Keith McInnes is with the Department of Health Law, Policy, and Management, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA. Vincent Lo Re III is with the Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. Emily J. Cartwright is with the Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA. Lamia Y. K. Haque and Joseph K. Lim are with the Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT. Amy C. Justice and Kathleen A. McGinnis are with the VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Edwards GG, Miyashita-Ochoa A, Castillo EG, Goodman-Meza D, Kalofonos I, Landovitz RJ, Leibowitz AA, Pulsipher C, El Sayed E, Shoptaw S, Shover CL, Tabajonda M, Yang YS, Harawa NT. Long-Acting Injectable Therapy for People with HIV: Looking Ahead with Lessons from Psychiatry and Addiction Medicine. AIDS Behav 2023; 27:10-24. [PMID: 36063243 PMCID: PMC9443641 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-022-03817-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Long-acting injectable antiretroviral medications are new to HIV treatment. People with HIV may benefit from a treatment option that better aligns with their preferences, but could also face new challenges and barriers. Authors from the fields of HIV, substance use treatment, and mental health collaborated on this commentary on the issues surrounding equitable implementation and uptake of LAI ART by drawing lessons from all three fields. We employ a socio-ecological framework beginning at the policy level and moving through the community, organizational, interpersonal, and patient levels. We look at extant literature on the topic as well as draw from the direct experience of our clinician-authors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel G Edwards
- Division of General Internal Medicine & Health Services Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Division of General Internal Medicine & Health Services Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 1100 Glendon Ave., Suite 850, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA.
| | - Ayako Miyashita-Ochoa
- Department of Social Welfare, UCLA Luskin School of Public Affairs, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Enrico G Castillo
- Center for Social Medicine and Humanities in the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David Goodman-Meza
- Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ippolytos Kalofonos
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Greater Los Angeles Veterans Healthcare Administration, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Raphael J Landovitz
- UCLA Center for Clinical AIDS Research & Education, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Arleen A Leibowitz
- Department of Social Welfare, UCLA Luskin School of Public Affairs, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Craig Pulsipher
- Department of Government Affairs, APLA Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ed El Sayed
- Department of Pharmacology, Touro College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Steven Shoptaw
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Family Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chelsea L Shover
- Division of General Internal Medicine & Health Services Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michelle Tabajonda
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yvonne S Yang
- Greater Los Angeles Veterans Healthcare Administration, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nina T Harawa
- Division of General Internal Medicine & Health Services Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Bovell-Ammon BJ, Kimmel SD, Cheng DM, Truong V, Michals A, Vetrova M, Hook K, Idrisov B, Blokhina E, Krupitsky E, Samet JH, Lunze K. Incarceration history, antiretroviral therapy, and stigma: A cross-sectional study of people with HIV who inject drugs in St. Petersburg, Russia. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2023; 111:103907. [PMID: 36402082 PMCID: PMC9868071 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2022.103907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The HIV epidemic is intertwined with substance use and incarceration in Russia. The relationships between incarceration history, HIV treatment history, and stigma experiences among people with HIV (PWH) who inject drugs in Russia have not been well described. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study of a cohort of PWH with opioid use disorder who inject drugs (n=201) recruited at a narcology (substance use treatment) hospital in St. Petersburg, Russia from September 2018 to December 2020. The primary analysis evaluated the association between self-reported prior incarceration and prior antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation using multivariable logistic regression to adjust for demographic, social, and clinical covariates. We used multivariable linear regression models to analyze associations between prior incarceration and two secondary outcomes: HIV stigma score (11-item abbreviated Berger scale) and substance use stigma score (21-item combination of Substance Abuse Self-Stigma Scale and Stigma-related Rejection Scale). RESULTS Mean age was 37 (SD 5) years; 58.7% were male. Participants had been living with HIV for a mean of 13 (SD 6) years. Over two thirds (69.2%) of participants reported prior incarceration. One third (35.3%) of participants reported prior ART initiation. Prior incarceration was not significantly associated with prior ART initiation (AOR 1.76; 95% CI: 0.81, 3.83). Prior incarceration was associated with a lower HIV stigma score (adjusted mean difference in z-score: -0.50; 95%CI: -0.81, -0.19) but was not significantly associated with substance use stigma score (adjusted mean difference in z-score: -0.10; 95%CI: -0.42, 0.21). CONCLUSION Prior incarceration was common, and rates of prior ART initiation were low even though most participants had been living with HIV for at least a decade. We did not find an association between prior incarceration and prior ART initiation, which suggests a need to explore whether opportunities to initiate ART during or after incarceration are missed. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER NCT03290391.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Bovell-Ammon
- Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center; and Boston University School of Medicine, 801 Massachusetts Avenue, Crosstown Center 2nd Floor, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Simeon D Kimmel
- Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center; and Boston University School of Medicine, 801 Massachusetts Avenue, Crosstown Center 2nd Floor, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Debbie M Cheng
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, 801 Massachusetts Avenue, Crosstown Center 3rd Floor, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Ve Truong
- Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center; and Boston University School of Medicine, 801 Massachusetts Avenue, Crosstown Center 2nd Floor, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Amy Michals
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Data Analytics Center, Boston University School of Public Health, 85 East Newton Street, M921, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Marina Vetrova
- Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University, Lev Tolstoy Street, 6-8, St. Petersburg 197022, Russian Federation
| | - Kimberly Hook
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Medical Center and Boston University School of Medicine, 720 Harrison Avenue 9th Floor, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Bulat Idrisov
- Department of Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington, 3980 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98195-1621, USA; Bashkir State Medical University, 3 Lenin Street, Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan 450008, Russian Federation
| | - Elena Blokhina
- Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University, Lev Tolstoy Street, 6-8, St. Petersburg 197022, Russian Federation
| | - Evgeny Krupitsky
- Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University, Lev Tolstoy Street, 6-8, St. Petersburg 197022, Russian Federation; V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology, Bekhtereva Street, 3, St. Petersburg 192019, Russian Federation
| | - Jeffrey H Samet
- Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center; and Boston University School of Medicine, 801 Massachusetts Avenue, Crosstown Center 2nd Floor, Boston, MA 02118, USA; Department of Community Health Sciences, Boston University School of Public Health, 801 Massachusetts Avenue, Crosstown Center 4th Floor, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Karsten Lunze
- Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center; and Boston University School of Medicine, 801 Massachusetts Avenue, Crosstown Center 2nd Floor, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Antos N, Flores R, Harawa N, Vecchio ND, Issema R, Fujimoto K, Khanna A, Paola AD, Schneider J, Hotton A. Factors associated with HIV testing and treatment among young Black MSM and trans women in three jail systems. AIDS Care 2023; 35:123-130. [PMID: 35848452 PMCID: PMC10359835 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2022.2094312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Black men who have sex with men (BMSM) and transgender women (BTW) are disproportionately affected by incarceration and HIV. We assessed factors associated with HIV testing and viral suppression among 176 incarcerated BMSM and BTW in Chicago, IL; Los Angeles, CA; and Houston, TX. In multivariable logistic regression, having a sexual orientation of bisexual, heterosexual, or other vs. gay or same-gender loving was associated with higher odds of testing in custody (aOR 8.97; 95% CI 1.95 - 41.24). Binge drinking (aOR 0.19; 95% CI 0.04 - 0.92) and being unemployed prior to incarceration (aOR 0.03; 95% CI 0.00 - 0.23) were associated with lower odds of testing; participants in Los Angeles were also more likely to be tested than those in Chicago. Being housed in protective custody (aOR 3.12; 95% CI 1.09-9.59) and having a prescription for ART prior to incarceration (aOR 2.58; 95% CI 1.01-6.73) were associated with higher odds of viral suppression when adjusted for site and duration of incarceration, though the associations were not statistically significant in the full multivariable model. Future research should examine structural and process level factors that impact engagement in HIV testing and treatment among detained BMSM and BTW.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rey Flores
- Chicago Center for HIV Elimination, Chicago IL, USA
| | - Nina Harawa
- Fielding School of Public Health at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles CA, USA
| | | | - Rodal Issema
- Chicago Center for HIV Elimination, Chicago IL, USA
| | - Kayo Fujimoto
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston TX, USA
| | | | - Angela Di Paola
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston TX, USA
| | - John Schneider
- University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago IL, USA
- Chicago Center for HIV Elimination, Chicago IL, USA
| | - Anna Hotton
- University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago IL, USA
- Chicago Center for HIV Elimination, Chicago IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kendig NE, Butkus R, Mathew S, Hilden D. Health Care During Incarceration: A Policy Position Paper From the American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med 2022; 175:1742-1745. [PMID: 36410006 DOI: 10.7326/m22-2370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The American College of Physicians (ACP) has a long-standing commitment to improving the health of all Americans and opposes any form of discrimination in the delivery of health care services. ACP is committed to working toward fully understanding and supporting the unique needs of the incarcerated population and eliminating health disparities for these persons. In this position paper, ACP offers recommendations to policymakers and administrators to improve the health and well-being of persons incarcerated in adult correctional facilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Newton E Kendig
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (N.E.K.)
| | - Renee Butkus
- American College of Physicians, Washington, DC (R.B.)
| | - Suja Mathew
- Atlantic Health System, Morristown, New Jersey (S.M.)
| | - David Hilden
- Hennepin Healthcare, Minneapolis, Minnesota (D.H.)
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Akiyama MJ, Spaulding AC, Nijhawan AE. Long-Acting Injectable Antiretrovirals in Incarcerated Populations - Challenges and Opportunities. N Engl J Med 2022; 387:1728-1730. [PMID: 36342112 PMCID: PMC10034759 DOI: 10.1056/nejmp2209142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Akiyama
- From the Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York (M.J.A.); the Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, and the Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta (A.C.S.); and the Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (A.E.N.)
| | - Anne C Spaulding
- From the Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York (M.J.A.); the Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, and the Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta (A.C.S.); and the Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (A.E.N.)
| | - Ank E Nijhawan
- From the Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York (M.J.A.); the Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, and the Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta (A.C.S.); and the Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (A.E.N.)
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
An Y, Ntombela N, Hoffmann CJ, Fashina T, Mabuto T, Owczarzak J. "That makes me feel human": a qualitative evaluation of the acceptability of an HIV differentiated care intervention for formerly incarcerated people re-entering community settings in South Africa. BMC Health Serv Res 2022; 22:1092. [PMID: 36028825 PMCID: PMC9415240 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-022-08469-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Correctional settings in South Africa have disproportionately high rates of HIV infection; a large number of inmates living with HIV return to the community each year. The transition community adherence club (TCAC) intervention was a differentiated care delivery approach with structural and peer components designed to increase antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence and HIV care engagement following release from incarceration. The objective of this study was to assess the acceptability of the TCAC intervention among HIV-infected community re-entrants to inform program revisions and future intervention designs. Methods This was a qualitative study set within a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of the TCAC intervention in South Africa. We conducted semi-structured, in-depth interviews with 16 re-entrants living with HIV and assigned to the intervention arm. All interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, translated, and de-identified. Transcripts were coded and analyzed using content analysis, and acceptability was assessed using the Theoretical Framework of Acceptability (TFA). Results Overall, study participants reported that the TCAC intervention was acceptable. Development of supportive relationships between participants, non-judgmental attitudes from peer-facilitators, and perceived effectiveness of the intervention to support ART adherence and HIV care were noted as the most valued components. An altruistic desire to help other participants facing similar post-incarceration and HIV-related challenges was a key motivator for TCAC attendance. A lack of access to reliable transportation to intervention sites and clinic-based medication collection were described as burdens to program participation. Illicit drug use by other group members and negative social influences were also identified as potential barriers to optimal program engagement. Conclusion The TCAC was a well-accepted model of differentiated care delivery among re-entrants living with HIV in South Africa. To further enhance intervention acceptability for future scale-ups, program revisions should address logistical barriers related to reaching TCAC sites and implementing ART distribution at TCAC group sessions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yangxi An
- Johns Hopkins University, 1550 Orleans St, CRB II - 1M11, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | | | - Christopher J Hoffmann
- Johns Hopkins University, 1550 Orleans St, CRB II - 1M11, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA. .,Aurum Institute, Johannesburg, South Africa. .,Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA. .,Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA.
| | - Tolulope Fashina
- Johns Hopkins University, 1550 Orleans St, CRB II - 1M11, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | | | - Jill Owczarzak
- Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Maner M, Omori M, Brinkley-Rubinstein L, Beckwith CG, Nowotny K. Infectious disease surveillance in U.S. jails: Findings from a national survey. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272374. [PMID: 36006896 PMCID: PMC9409583 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
While infectious diseases (ID) are a well-documented public health issue in carceral settings, research on ID screening and treatment in jails is lacking. A survey was sent to 1,126 jails in the United States to identify the prevalence of health screenings at intake and characteristics of care for ID; 371 surveys were completed correctly and analyzed. Despite conflicting Centers for Disease Control (CDC) guidance, only seven percent of surveyed jails test individuals for HIV at admission. In 46% of jails, non-healthcare personnel perform ID screenings. Jails in less urban areas were more likely to report healthcare screenings performed by correctional officers. Survey findings indicate that HIV, HCV and TB testing during jail admissions and access to PrEP are severely lacking in less urban jails in particular. Recommendations are provided to improve ID surveillance and address the burden of ID in correctional facilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Maner
- Department of Social Medicine, Center for Health Equity Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Marisa Omori
- Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Missouri, Saint Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Lauren Brinkley-Rubinstein
- Department of Social Medicine, Center for Health Equity Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Curt G. Beckwith
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Kathryn Nowotny
- Department of Sociology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Blumenkrans E, Hamilton J, Mohd Salleh NA, Kaida A, Small W, Barrios R, Milloy MJ. HIV and Incarceration: Implications for HIV-Positive People Who Use Illicit Drugs During a Seek, Test, Treat, and Retain Initiative in Canada. JOURNAL OF CORRECTIONAL HEALTH CARE 2022; 28:236-242. [PMID: 35758827 PMCID: PMC9529366 DOI: 10.1089/jchc.20.04.0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
People who use illicit drugs (PWUD) face increased exposure to the criminal justice system and disproportionate burdens of HIV infection. This article investigated the effects of incarceration on HIV cascade of care-related measures in a setting with a community-wide seek, test, treat, and retain (STTR) initiative. Using a multivariable logistic regression analysis of 935 HIV-positive PWUD between 2005 and 2017, this article showed a negative relationship between periods of incarceration and two measures of engagement in clinical care for HIV among PWUD: recent dispensation of antiretroviral therapy and suppression of HIV viral load. These findings suggest the benefits of STTR-based efforts are limited by exposure to the criminal justice system and highlight the need for additional supports for PWUD with HIV exposed to the criminal justice system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonah Hamilton
- British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - N. A. Mohd Salleh
- British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Angela Kaida
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Will Small
- British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Rolando Barrios
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - M-J Milloy
- British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Division of Social Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Address correspondence to: M-J Milloy, PhD, British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, 400-1045 Howe Street, Vancouver, BC V6Z 2A9, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Dauria EF, Kulkarni P, Clemenzi-Allen A, Brinkley-Rubinstein L, Beckwith CG. Interventions Designed to Improve HIV Continuum of Care Outcomes for Persons with HIV in Contact with the Carceral System in the USA. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep 2022; 19:281-291. [PMID: 35674879 PMCID: PMC9175158 DOI: 10.1007/s11904-022-00609-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To describe existing evidence and identify future directions for intervention research related to improving HIV care outcomes for persons with HIV involved in the carceral system in the USA, a population with high unmet HIV care needs. RECENT FINDINGS Few recent intervention studies focus on improving HIV care outcomes for this population. Successful strategies to improve care outcomes include patient navigation, substance use treatment, and incentivizing HIV care outcomes. Technology-supported interventions are underutilized in this population. Notable gaps in the existing literature include intervention research addressing HIV care needs for cisgender and transgender women and those under carceral supervision in the community. Future research should address existing gaps in the literature and respond to emergent needs including understanding how the changing HIV care delivery environment resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic and the approval of new injectable ART formulation shape HIV care outcomes in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily F Dauria
- Graduate School of Public Health, Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Priyanka Kulkarni
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Angelo Clemenzi-Allen
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lauren Brinkley-Rubinstein
- Department of Social Medicine and Center for Health Equity Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Curt G Beckwith
- Alpert Medical School, Division of Infectious Diseases/Department of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Choi K, Kreuger K, McNeel TS, Osgood N. Point-of-sale cigarette pricing strategies and young adult smokers' intention to purchase cigarettes: an online experiment. Tob Control 2022; 31:473-478. [PMID: 33632805 PMCID: PMC8385012 DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2020-056004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Point-of-sale tobacco marketing has been shown to be related to tobacco use behaviours; however, specific influences of cigarette price discounts, price tiers and pack/carton availability on cigarette purchasing intention are less understood by the tobacco control community. METHODS We conducted discrete choice experiments among an online sample of US young adult smokers (aged 18-30 years; n=1823). Participants were presented scenarios depicting their presence at a tobacco retail outlet with varying availability of cigarette price discounts, price tiers and pack/carton. At each scenario, participants were asked whether they would purchase cigarettes. Generalised linear regression models were used to examine the associations between of cigarette price discounts, price tiers and pack/carton with intention to purchase cigarettes overall and stratified by educational attainment. RESULTS Participants chose to purchase cigarettes in 70.9% of the scenarios. Offering price discounts were associated with higher odds of choosing to purchase cigarettes. Reducing the number of cigarette price tiers available in the store was associated with lower odds of choosing to purchase cigarettes. Stratified analysis showed that offering discounts on high-tier cigarette packs increased odds of choosing to purchase cigarettes among young adult smokers with at least some college education, while offering discounts on medium-tier cigarette packs increased odds of choosing to purchase cigarettes among those with some college education or less (eg, with a 10% discount, adjusted odds ratio [AOR]some college=1.62, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.21 to 2.16; AOR≤high school=1.44, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.93). CONCLUSIONS Availability of cigarette price discounts, price tiers and pack/carton could potentially influence cigarette purchasing behaviours among young adult smokers. Regulating these marketing strategies may, therefore, reduce education-related smoking disparities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin Choi
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kurt Kreuger
- Center for the Study of Complex Systems, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Nathaniel Osgood
- Department of Community Health & Epidemiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Computer Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
White JJ, Zaller ND, Fernandez MI, Spikes P, Flores S, Latkin CA, Yang C. Recent Incarceration and Other Correlates of Psychological Distress Among African American and Latino Men Who Have Sex with Men. Community Ment Health J 2022; 58:624-632. [PMID: 34216334 PMCID: PMC8720901 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-021-00864-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
There is a dearth of research on the intersection of incarceration and psychological distress among men who have sex with men including African American (AAMSM) and Latino MSM (LMSM), populations which bear a large burden of HIV in the U.S. Recent incarceration is an important context to examine psychological distress given the critical implications it has on health outcomes. Using baseline data from the Latino and African American Men's Project (LAAMP), a multi-site randomized HIV behavioral intervention trial, this paper examined the association between previous incarceration within the past three months (i.e., recent incarceration) and psychological distress in the past four weeks, assessed by the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10). Among 1482 AAMSM and LMSM (AAMSM: 911, LMSM: 571), we found 768 (52%) were previously incarcerated, but not in past three months and 138 (9.3%) had been recently incarcerated. After adjusting for race, education, access to resources, current living arrangement, HIV status, and substance use, participants who had been recently incarcerated were more likely to have mild psychological distress i.e., K10 score 20-24 (aRRR:1.43, 95% CI 1.20, 1.71) or severe psychological distress, i.e., K10 score > 30 (aRRR: 1.89, 95% CI 1.22, 2.93) in the past four weeks than those never incarcerated and those previously incarcerated, but not in past three months. Our findings have implications for mental health and HIV prevention services for AAMSM and LMSM with previous incarceration within the past three months.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan J White
- School of Social Work, Morgan State University, 1700 E. Cold Spring Lane, Jenkins Building, Room 334, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Nickolas D Zaller
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - M Isabel Fernandez
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Pilgrim Spikes
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Stephen Flores
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Carl A Latkin
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Cui Yang
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Study protocol of a randomized controlled trial comparing two linkage models for HIV prevention and treatment in justice-involved persons. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:380. [PMID: 35428213 PMCID: PMC9013109 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07354-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Persons involved in the justice system are at high risk for HIV and drug overdose upon release to the community. This manuscript describes a randomized controlled trial of two evidence-based linkage interventions for provision of HIV prevention and treatment and substance use disorder (SUD) services in four high risk communities to assess which is more effective at addressing these needs upon reentry to the community from the justice system. Methods This is a 5-year hybrid type 1 effectiveness-implementation randomized controlled trial that compares two models (Patient Navigation [PN] or Mobile Health Unit [MHU] service delivery) of linking justice-involved individuals to the continuum of community-based HIV and SUD prevention and treatment service cascades of care. A total of 864 justice-involved individuals in four US communities with pre-arrest histories of opioid and/or stimulant use who are living with or at-risk of HIV will be randomized to receive either: (a) PN, wherein patient navigators will link study participants to community-based service providers; or (b) services delivered via an MHU, wherein study participants will be provided integrated HIV prevention/ treatment services and SUD services. The six-month post-release intervention will focus on access to pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for those without HIV and antiretroviral treatment (ART) for people living with HIV (PLH). Secondary outcomes will examine the continuum of PrEP and HIV care, including: HIV viral load, PrEP/ ART adherence; HIV risk behaviors; HCV testing and linkage to treatment; and sexually transmitted infection incidence and treatment. Additionally, opioid and other substance use disorder diagnoses, prescription, receipt, and retention on medication for opioid use disorder; opioid and stimulant use; and overdose will also be assessed. Primary implementation outcomes include feasibility, acceptability, sustainability, and costs required to implement and sustain the approaches as well as to scale-up in additional communities. Discussion Results from this project will help inform future methods of delivery of prevention, testing, and treatment of HIV, HCV, substance use disorders (particularly for opioids and stimulants), and sexually transmitted infections for justice-involved individuals in the community. Trial registration: Clincialtrials.gov NCT05286879 March 18, 2022.
Collapse
|
33
|
Spaulding AC, Rabeeah Z, Del Mar González-Montalvo M, Akiyama MJ, Baker BJ, Bauer HM, Gibson BR, Nijhawan AE, Parvez F, Wangu Z, Chan PA. Prevalence and Management of Sexually Transmitted Infections in Correctional Settings: A Systematic Review. Clin Infect Dis 2022; 74:S193-S217. [PMID: 35416974 PMCID: PMC9989347 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciac122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Admissions to jails and prisons in the United States number 10 million yearly; persons entering locked correctional facilities have high prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). These individuals come disproportionately from communities of color, with lower access to care and prevention, compared with the United States as a whole. Following PRISMA guidelines, the authors present results of a systematic review of literature published since 2012 on STIs in US jails, prisons, Immigration and Customs Enforcement detention centers, and juvenile facilities. This updates an earlier review of STIs in short-term facilities. This current review contributed to new recommendations in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2021 treatment guidelines for STIs, advising screening for Trichomonas in women entering correctional facilities. The current review also synthesizes recommendations on screening: in particular, opt-out testing is superior to opt-in protocols. Carceral interventions-managing diagnosed cases and preventing new infections from occurring (eg, by initiating human immunodeficiency virus preexposure prophylaxis before release)-can counteract structural racism in healthcare.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne C Spaulding
- Departments of Epidemiology and Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health; Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Emory School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Zainab Rabeeah
- Departments of Epidemiology and Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health; Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Matthew J Akiyama
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Brenda J Baker
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Heidi M Bauer
- California Correctional Health Care Services, Elk Grove, California, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Brent R Gibson
- National Commission on Correctional Healthcare, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ank E Nijhawan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease and Geographic Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Farah Parvez
- National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, Field Services Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Bureau of Tuberculosis Control, Division of Disease Control, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Zoon Wangu
- National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, Field Services Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Bureau of Tuberculosis Control, Division of Disease Control, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York City, New York, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases & Immunology, UMass Memorial Children's Medical Center & UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.,Ratelle STD/HIV Prevention Training Center, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Philip A Chan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences at the Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Division of STD Elimination, National Centers for Disease Control and Elimination, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
King C, Cook R, Giang LM, Bart G, Hoffman K, Waddell EN, Korthuis PT. Incarceration and compulsory rehabilitation impede use of medication for opioid use disorder and HIV care engagement in Vietnam. J Subst Abuse Treat 2022; 134:108451. [PMID: 33962813 PMCID: PMC8558110 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2021.108451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-prescribed opioid use is illegal in Vietnam. People who are apprehended for use of non-prescribed opioids may be arrested and incarcerated or sent to compulsory rehabilitation centers. For those on medication to treat opioid use disorder (MOUD), incarceration in either setting may disrupt treatment. This study estimates the effects of incarceration and compulsory rehabilitation on MOUD and HIV treatment outcomes in Vietnam. METHODS Data are from a clinical trial testing the effects of MOUD on HIV viral suppression in six Vietnamese HIV clinics. Participants were assessed quarterly for 12 months. We assessed the associations between incarceration or compulsory rehabilitation during months 0-9 and study outcomes of receipt of MOUD, HIV clinic engagement, and antiretroviral therapy prescription during months 9-12, among those who were released by month 9 of the study, using logistic regression and zero-inflated negative binomial models. RESULTS At nine months, 25 of 258 participants (9.7%) were incarcerated or sent to compulsory rehabilitation at least once and completed the month 9 assessment. Of those, 19 (76.0%) did not receive MOUD in months 9 through 12. Both incarceration and compulsory rehabilitation were negatively associated with subsequent receipt of MOUD (aOR = 0.05, 95% CI = (0.01, 0.24); 0.14 (0.04, 0.50), respectively) and HIV clinic engagement (aOR = 0.13, 95% CI = (0.03, 0.71); 0.09 (0.02, 0.39), respectively). In the final three months of the study, participants who were incarcerated had 42.5 fewer days of MOUD (95% CI = 23.1, 61.9), and participants in compulsory rehabilitation had 46.1 fewer days of MOUD (95% CI = 33.8, 58.4) than those not incarcerated or in compulsory rehabilitation. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that both incarceration and compulsory rehabilitation disrupt MOUD and HIV treatment among people with HIV and Opioid Use Disorder in Vietnam. Prioritization of evidence-based strategies to support engagement in care for people who use drugs could potentially expand HIV and Opioid Use Disorder treatment access and curb substance use more effectively than reliance on incarceration or compulsory rehabilitation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline King
- MD/PhD Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Ryan Cook
- Addiction Medicine Program, Dept. of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Le Minh Giang
- Center for Training and Research on Substance Abuse-HIV, Hanoi Medical University, Viet Nam
| | - Gavin Bart
- Hennepin Healthcare, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kim Hoffman
- Addiction Medicine Program, Dept. of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Oregon Health & Science University-Portland State University School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Elizabeth Needham Waddell
- Addiction Medicine Program, Dept. of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Oregon Health & Science University-Portland State University School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - P Todd Korthuis
- Addiction Medicine Program, Dept. of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Oregon Health & Science University-Portland State University School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Developing a cascade of care for opioid use disorder among individuals in jail. J Subst Abuse Treat 2022; 138:108751. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2022.108751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
36
|
Blue C, Buchbinder M, Brown ME, Bradley-Bull S, Rosen DL. Access to HIV care in jails: Perspectives from people living with HIV in North Carolina. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262882. [PMID: 35073350 PMCID: PMC8786150 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Most incarcerations for people living with HIV (PLWH) occur in jails, yet studies of HIV care during jail incarceration are limited. As part of a larger study to explore the ethical considerations in extending public health HIV surveillance to jail settings, we conducted semi-structured interviews with twenty-three PLWH with more than 300 distinct jail incarcerations post HIV diagnosis in 21 unique North Carolina jails. Interviews included questions about HIV disclosure in jail, the type of HIV care received in jail, and overall experiences with HIV care in jail. We report on participants' experiences and perspectives in four domains: access to HIV care in jail; impact of jail incarceration on continuity of HIV care; privacy and stigma; and satisfaction with HIV care in jail. Although most participants received HIV medications and saw providers while in jail, almost half reported that their greatest challenge in regard to HIV care was obtaining their HIV medications in the face of limited jail resources or policies that made access to medications difficult. Findings from this study suggest that jail leadership should review internal policies regarding HIV medications to ensure that PLWH can receive them quickly upon entry into jail. Findings also suggest that more external resources are needed, for example from state and local health departments, so that jails can provide timely HIV medications for PLWH incarcerated in their facilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Colleen Blue
- Institute for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Mara Buchbinder
- Department of Social Medicine, Center for Bioethics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Mersedes E. Brown
- Institute for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Steve Bradley-Bull
- Institute for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - David L. Rosen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Johnson KA, Hunt T, Puglisi LB, Maeng D, Epa-Llop A, Elumn JE, Nguyen A, Leung A, Chen R, Shah Z, Wang J, Johnson R, Chapman BP, Gilbert L, El-Bassel N, Morse DS. Trauma, Mental Health Distress, and Infectious Disease Prevention Among Women Recently Released From Incarceration. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:867445. [PMID: 35693964 PMCID: PMC9186377 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.867445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND U.S. women recently released from incarceration experience significantly higher rates of trauma and exacerbation of mental health conditions, and the period following release has been identified as a window of heightened risk for mental health distress and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), sexually transmitted infections (STI) and hepatitis C (HCV) transmissions. Despite these vulnerabilities, and an urgent need for supports, optimal engagement strategies remain unclear. WORTH Transitions is a program made up of two evidence-based interventions focused on improving the health of women returning to the community from incarceration with substance use disorders. Combining the two was designed to reduce HIV/STIs/HCV risks and increase overall health treatment engagement using a community health worker led intervention. METHODS We examined associations between trauma, mental health symptomology, and HIV/STI/HCV outcomes among women who engaged in the WORTH Transitions intervention (N = 206) Specifically, bivariate and longitudinal multivariate models were created to examine associations between trauma and mental health distress (defined as depressive and PTSD symptoms), on (1) types of engagement in HIV/STIs/HCV prevention and behavioral health services; and (2) HIV/STIs/HCV risk outcomes. The women who engaged in the intervention were 18 years and older and some were White, Black and other racial or ethnic minority. RESULTS PTSD symptomology and being a Black or indigenous woman of color was significantly (p = 0.014) associated with individual or group session engagement. Neither trauma nor PTSD symptoms were associated with higher HIV/STIs/HCV risks. Instead, relative to those who did not engage in HIV/STI/HCV risky behaviors, PTSD symptomology (p = 0.040) was associated with more than 3-fold increase in the probability of being lost to follow up (relative risk ratio = 3.722). CONCLUSION Given the impact of PTSD-related symptoms on driving both engagement in HIV/STIs/HCV prevention services and intervention attrition among women leaving incarceration, physical and behavioral health interventions must be both overtly trauma- and mental health-informed. As was the case with WORTH Transitions, physical and behavioral health services for this population must include intentional and active support of the forms of treatment participants endorse to ensure maximal engagement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen A Johnson
- University of Alabama School of Social Work, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States
| | - Timothy Hunt
- Social Intervention Group, Columbia University School of Social Work, New York, NY, United States
| | - Lisa B Puglisi
- SEICHE Center for Health and Justice, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.,Section of General Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Daniel Maeng
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Amali Epa-Llop
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Johanna E Elumn
- SEICHE Center for Health and Justice, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.,Section of General Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Antoinette Nguyen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Ashley Leung
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Rachel Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Zainab Shah
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Jiayi Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Rachel Johnson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Benjamin P Chapman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Louisa Gilbert
- Social Intervention Group, Columbia University School of Social Work, New York, NY, United States
| | - Nabila El-Bassel
- Social Intervention Group, Columbia University School of Social Work, New York, NY, United States
| | - Diane S Morse
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Holloway IW, Beltran R, Shah SV, Cordero L, Garth G, Smith T, Wilson BDM, Ochoa AM. Structural Syndemics and Antiretroviral Medication Adherence Among Black Sexual Minority Men Living With HIV. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2021; 88:S12-S19. [PMID: 34757988 PMCID: PMC8579986 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000002806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although HIV antiretroviral treatment (ART) access and uptake have increased among racial/ethnic minority individuals, lower rates of ART adherence and viral suppression persist, especially among Black men who have sex with men (BMSM) compared with their White counterparts. SETTING Black men who have sex with men living with HIV (BMSM+) residing in Los Angeles County (N = 124) were recruited in-person (eg, clinic) and online (eg, social networking apps). METHODS Participants completed a cross-sectional survey measuring demographic characteristics, structural syndemics (poverty, criminal justice involvement, and housing instability), and psychosocial syndemics (mental health and substance use). A text message survey assessed missed doses of ART over the past week. Zero-inflated Poisson regression models were used to evaluate variables associated with the number of missed doses of ART. RESULTS On average, participants missed 1.30 doses of ART (SD = 2.09) and reported structural syndemics: poverty (56.1%), criminal justice involvement (36.6%), housing instability (26.3%), and psychosocial syndemics: childhood sexual abuse (51.8%), intimate partner violence (16.9%), depression (39%), and problem alcohol use (15.5%). After controlling for employment, age, education, and psychosocial syndemics, participants with a one-point increase in structural syndemic indicators were found to be 1.63 times more likely to have missed a dose of ART. CONCLUSIONS Structural syndemic were associated with ART nonadherence among BMSM+ after adjusting for demographic and psychosocial factors. HIV treatment interventions that incorporate financial incentives, legal support, and housing may help improve ART adherence among BMSM+. Findings suggest that key priorities to ending the HIV epidemic must include structural interventions that alleviate poverty, eliminate disproportionate policing and criminalization, and end homelessness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian W. Holloway
- Department of Social Welfare, UCLA Luskin School of Public Affairs, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Raiza Beltran
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Saanchi V. Shah
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Luisita Cordero
- Department of Social Welfare, UCLA Luskin School of Public Affairs, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Gerald Garth
- Arming Minorities Against Addiction and Disease (AMAAD) Institute, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Bianca D. M. Wilson
- The Williams Institute, UCLA School of Law, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Ayako M. Ochoa
- Department of Social Welfare, UCLA Luskin School of Public Affairs, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Pulitzer Z, Box M, Hansen L, Tiruneh YM, Nijhawan AE. Patient, medical and legal perspectives on reentry: the need for a low-barrier, collaborative, patient-centered approach. HEALTH & JUSTICE 2021; 9:37. [PMID: 34855029 PMCID: PMC8638478 DOI: 10.1186/s40352-021-00161-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Worldwide, the United States has the highest incarceration rate per capita. Thousands of people are released from US correctional facilities each year, including many who are impacted by HIV infection and substance use disorder (SUD), two frequently comorbid conditions that present multiple challenges upon reentry. Reentry and care engagement research involving justice-involved people with HIV (PWH) with comorbid SUD has been largely limited to the perspective of those released. To formulate effective interventions for this population aimed at maintaining health and reducing recidivism, it is crucial to collect data from formerly incarcerated individuals with firsthand experience of the reentry process as well as other actors within the reentry framework. Insights from medical and legal service providers working in reentry systems have the potential to address key implementation concerns. To inform an intervention aimed at helping recently-released individuals PWH and SUD, we conducted a qualitative study to assess barriers and facilitators to community reentry from the perspectives of diverse consumers and providers of medical, legal, and reentry services. RESULTS Fifteen stakeholders within XXX County participated in in-person interviews. Results indicated that 1) Patients/clients emphasized psychosocial support and individual attitude more than medical and legal participants, who chiefly focused on logistical factors such as finances, housing, and transportation; 2) Patients/clients expressed both medical and legal needs during the reentry period, though medical providers and participants from legal entities mainly expressed concerns limited to their respective scopes of work; 3) All three participant groups underscored the need for a low-barrier, collaborative, patient-centered approach to reentry with the goal of achieving self-sufficiency. CONCLUSIONS Findings support and extend existing literature detailing the barriers and facilitators to successful reentry. Our findings underscore the notion that an effective reentry intervention addresses both medical and legal needs, includes an individualized approach that incorporates psychosocial needs, and focuses on establishing self-sufficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Pulitzer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Maria Box
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Laura Hansen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Yordanos M Tiruneh
- University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Tyler, 11937 US-271, Tyler, TX, 75708-3154, USA
| | - Ank E Nijhawan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
- Parkland Health and Hospital Systems, Correctional Health, Dallas, TX, 75235, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Beckwith CG, Min S, Manne A, Novitsky V, Howison M, Liu T, Kuo I, Kurth A, Bazerman L, Agopian A, Kantor R. HIV Drug Resistance and Transmission Networks Among a Justice-Involved Population at the Time of Community Reentry in Washington, D.C. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2021; 37:903-912. [PMID: 33896212 PMCID: PMC8716515 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2020.0267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Justice-involved (JI) populations bear a disproportionate burden of HIV infection and are at risk of poor treatment outcomes. Drug resistance prevalence and emergence, and phylogenetic inference of transmission networks, understudied in vulnerable JI populations, can inform care and prevention interventions, particularly around the critical community reentry period. We analyzed banked blood specimens from CARE+ Corrections study participants in Washington, D.C. (DC) across three time points and conducted HIV drug resistance testing using next-generation sequencing (NGS) at 20% and 5% thresholds to identify prevalent and evolving resistance during community reentry. Phylogenetic analysis was used to identify molecular clusters within participants, and in an extended analysis between participants and publicly available DC sequences. HIV sequence data from 54 participants (99 specimens) were analyzed. The prevalence of transmitted drug resistance was 14% at both thresholds, and acquired drug resistance was 47% at 20%, and 57% at 5% NGS thresholds, respectively. The overall prevalence of drug resistance was 43% at 20%, and 52% at 5% NGS thresholds, respectively. Among 34 participants sampled longitudinally, 21%–35% accumulated 10–17 new resistance mutations during a mean 4.3 months. In phylogenetic analysis within the JI population, 11% were found in three molecular clusters. The extended phylogenetic analysis identified 46% of participants in 22 clusters, of which 21 also included publicly-available DC sequences, and one JI-only unique dyad. This is the first study to identify a high prevalence of HIV drug resistance and its accumulation in a JI population during community reentry and suggests phylogenetic integration of this population into the non-JI DC HIV community. These data support the need for new, effective, and timely interventions to improve HIV treatment during this vulnerable period, and for JI populations to be included in broader surveillance and prevention efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Curt G. Beckwith
- Division of Infectious Diseases, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Sugi Min
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Akarsh Manne
- Division of Infectious Diseases, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Vladimir Novitsky
- Division of Infectious Diseases, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Mark Howison
- Research Improving People's Lives, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Irene Kuo
- George Washington University Milken Institute School of Public Health, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Ann Kurth
- Yale University School of Nursing, Orange, Connecticut, USA
| | - Lauri Bazerman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Anya Agopian
- George Washington University Milken Institute School of Public Health, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Rami Kantor
- Division of Infectious Diseases, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Hutchinson AB, MacGowan RJ, Margolis AD, Adee MG, Wen W, Bowden CJ, Spaulding AC. Costs and Consequences of Eliminating a Routine, Point-Of-Care HIV Screening Program in a High-Prevalence Jail. Am J Prev Med 2021; 61:S32-S38. [PMID: 34686288 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2021.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aims to assess the public health impact of eliminating a longstanding routine HIV screening program and replacing it with targeted testing. In addition, costs, outcomes, and cost effectiveness of routine screening are compared with those of targeted testing in the Fulton County Jail, Atlanta, Georgia. METHODS A published mathematical model was used to assess the cost effectiveness and public health impact of routine screening (March 2013-February 2014) compared with those of targeted testing (January 2018-December 2018) from a health system perspective. Costs, outcomes, and other model inputs were derived from the testing programs and the published literature, and the cost effectiveness analysis was conducted from 2019 to 2020. RESULTS Routine screening identified 74 more new HIV infections over 1 year than targeted testing, resulting in an estimated 10 HIV transmissions averted and 45 quality-adjusted life-years saved, and was cost saving. The missed opportunity to diagnose infections because routine screening was eliminated resulted in an estimated 8.4 additional HIV transmissions and $3.7 million in additional costs to the healthcare system. CONCLUSIONS Routine HIV screening in high-prevalence jails is cost effective and has a larger impact on public health than targeted testing. Prioritizing sustained funding for routine, jail-based HIV screening programs in high-prevalence areas may be important to realizing the national HIV prevention goals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela B Hutchinson
- Division of HIV Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention (NCHHSTP), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
| | - Robin J MacGowan
- Division of HIV Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention (NCHHSTP), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Andrew D Margolis
- Division of HIV Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention (NCHHSTP), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Madeline G Adee
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Wendy Wen
- Georgia Department of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Chava J Bowden
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Anne C Spaulding
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Xavier Hall CD, Morgan E, Bundy C, Foran JE, Janulis P, Newcomb ME, Mustanski B. Substance Use Predicts Sustained Viral Suppression in a Community Cohort of Sexual and Gender Minority Youth Living with HIV. AIDS Behav 2021; 25:3303-3315. [PMID: 33582890 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-021-03179-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Retention in care and sustained viral suppression are integral outcomes in the care continuum for people living with HIV (PLWH) and HIV prevention; however, less is known about how substance use predicts sustained viral suppression over time. This study seeks to examine the predictive effects of substance use on sustained viral suppression in a sample of cisgender sexual minority men and gender minority PLWH (n = 163) drawn from a longitudinal sample in the Chicago area collected 2015-2019. Using data from 3 visits separated by 6 months, participants were coded persistently detectable, inconsistently virally suppressed, and consistently virally suppressed (< 40 copies/mL at all visits). Multinomial logistic regressions were utilized. About 40% of participants had sustained viral suppression. In multinomial logistic regressions, CUDIT-R predicted persistent detectable status and stimulant use was associated with inconsistent viral suppression. Substance use may create challenges in achieving sustained viral suppression, which has important implications for care and prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Casey D Xavier Hall
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ethan Morgan
- Infectious Disease Institute, College of Nursing, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Camille Bundy
- Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - James E Foran
- Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Patrick Janulis
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michael E Newcomb
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Brian Mustanski
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Ibañez GE, Zhou Z, Algarin AB, Ayala DV, Spencer EC, Somboonwit C, Teo GM, Cook RL. Incarceration History and HIV Care Among Individuals Living with HIV in Florida, 2014-2018. AIDS Behav 2021; 25:3137-3144. [PMID: 33959828 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-021-03250-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The present study examines the HIV continuum of care outcomes among people living with HIV (PLWH) who have either recent (< 12-months) or distal (> 12-months) incarceration history compared to those without an incarceration history. A self-administered survey (as part of the Florida Cohort Study (n = 932)) was used to collect data on demographic information, linkage to care, retention in care, HIV medication adherence, viral suppression, and incarceration history. Those with recent incarceration history were least likely to report HIV medication adherence greater than or equal to 95% of the time (χ2 = 8.79; p = 0.0124), always take their medications as directed (χ2 = 15.29; p = 0.0005), and to have durable viral suppression (χ2 = 16.65; p = 0.0002) compared to those distally or never incarcerated. In multivariable analyses, those never and distally incarcerated had greater odds of care linkage ([vs recently incarcerated] AOR = 2.58; CI: 1.31, 5.07; p = 0.0063, AOR = 2.09; CI: 1.11, 3.95; p = 0.0228, respectively). Those never incarcerated had greater odds of taking ART as directed ([vs recently incarcerated] AOR = 2.53; CI: 1.23 - 5.19; p = 0.0116). PLWH with an incarceration history may need more on-going monitoring and follow-up HIV care than those without previous incarceration regardless of when incarceration occurred.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gladys E Ibañez
- Department of Epidemiology, Florida International University, 11200 S.W. 8th Street, AHC-5, Room 478, Miami, FL, 33199, USA.
| | - Zhi Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Angel B Algarin
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093-0507, USA
| | - Disler V Ayala
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093-0507, USA
| | - Emma C Spencer
- Florida Department of Health, Division of Disease Control and Health Protection, Bureau of Communicable Diseases, HIV/AIDS Section, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Charurut Somboonwit
- Morsani College of Medicine, Infectious Disease and International Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Greg Matthew Teo
- Morsani College of Medicine, Infectious Disease and International Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Robert L Cook
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Buchbinder MH, Blue C, Brown ME, Bradley-Bull S, Rosen DL. Jail-Based Data-to-Care to Improve Continuity of HIV Care: Perspectives and Experiences from Previously Incarcerated Individuals. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2021; 37:687-693. [PMID: 33764187 PMCID: PMC8501464 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2020.0296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Incarceration can disrupt retention in HIV care and viral suppression, yet it can also present an opportunity to reengage people living with HIV (PLWH) in care. Data-to-care (D2C) is a promising new public health strategy that uses HIV surveillance data to improve continuity of care for PLWH. The goal of this study was to examine perspectives on and experiences with D2C among PLWH who had recently been incarcerated in jail. Semistructured, qualitative interviews were conducted with 24 PLWH in community and prison settings about (1) knowledge of and experiences with D2C and (2) attitudes about implementing D2C in the jail setting. Participants who had been contacted for D2C described their interactions with state public health workers favorably, although almost half were not aware that the state performs HIV surveillance and D2C. While most participants indicated they would welcome assistance from the state for reengaging in care, they also framed retention in care as an individual responsibility. Most participants supported the idea of jail-based D2C. A vocal minority expressed adamant opposition, citing concerns about the violation of privacy and the threat of violence in the jail setting. Findings from this study suggest that D2C interventions in jails could be beneficial to reengaging PLWH in care, and acceptable to PLWH if done in a way that is sensitive to the needs and concerns of incarcerated individuals. If implemented, jail-based D2C programs must be designed with care to preserve privacy, confidentiality, and the autonomy of incarcerated individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mara H. Buchbinder
- Department of Social Medicine, Center for Bioethics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Colleen Blue
- Institute for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mersedes E. Brown
- Institute for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Steve Bradley-Bull
- Institute for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - David L. Rosen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Dong KR, Daudelin DH, Koutoujian PJ, Cabrera A, Pezzullo O, Grossman A, Siddiqi K, Khorasani S, Wurcel AG. Lessons Learned from the Pathways to Community Health Study to Evaluate the Transition of Care from Jail to Community for Men with HIV. AIDS Patient Care STDS 2021; 35:360-369. [PMID: 34463134 PMCID: PMC8563456 DOI: 10.1089/apc.2021.0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Time spent in jail can provide opportunities to deliver comprehensive medical care, including screening and treatment for HIV; however, engagement in HIV care postrelease is often fragmented. Identifying ways to improve the transition of care from jail to community for people with HIV (PWH) may help with engagement in HIV care postrelease. We evaluated the current HIV care transition processes of one jail in Massachusetts and identified change ideas to facilitate improving the transition of care from the jail to the community for PWH. We conducted qualitative interviews in 2018–2019 with incarcerated men with HIV (n = 17), jail staff (n = 7), and community providers (n = 6) to understand the processes of HIV care prerelease from the jail and engagement in care on release. Data from these interviews and quality improvement tools were used to identify ways to improve the release process for PWH, such as using a release planning checklist, to help ensure that a 30-day supply of HIV medication and an appointment with a community provider within 30 days of release were provided. We identified communication process inefficiencies related to knowing release dates between the HIV care team and case managers that prevented providing HIV medications on release. We worked with jail administrators to find ways to improve the prerelease planning process, which is vital to the continuity of successful HIV care. The use of quality improvement methods generated a list of testable change ideas to improve the release planning process to better align with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines, which has implications for PWH and public health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly R. Dong
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Denise H. Daudelin
- Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Alyssa Cabrera
- Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Olivia Pezzullo
- Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anna Grossman
- Tufts University Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Sarah Khorasani
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Does Anything Work? Improving HIV Care Engagement for Individuals Transitioning out of Correctional Settings. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2021; 86:286-287. [PMID: 33560746 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000002599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
47
|
Fuge TG, Tsourtos G, Miller ER. Various structural factors influenced early antiretroviral therapy initiation amongst HIV infected prisoners: a qualitative exploration in South Ethiopia. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1463. [PMID: 34320958 PMCID: PMC8317278 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11499-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Early initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) reduces the development of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), non-AIDS related comorbidities and mortality, and prevents transmission. However, the prevalence of delayed ART initiation amongst prisoners in sub-Saharan African countries is high and the contributing factors to this are relatively unknown. Methods Qualitative interviewing was employed to understand the prisoners’ lived world with regard to initiating ART and associated barriers and facilitators in the South Ethiopian prison system. We interviewed seven (five male and two female) inmates living with HIV (ILWH) and eleven stakeholders who had a role in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) care provision for incarcerated people. A phenomenological approach was used to analyse the interview data in which meaning attributed to the lived experiences of the participants was abstracted. Results In this study, participants discussed both barriers to, and facilitators of, early ART initiation during incarceration. The barriers included a lack of access to voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) services, poor linkage to care due to insufficient health staff training, uncooperative prison security systems and loss of privacy regarding disclosure of HIV status. Insufficient health staff training and uncooperative prison security systems both contributed to a loss of patient privacy, ultimately resulting in treatment refusal. Although most participants described the importance of peer education and support for enhancing HIV testing and treatment programs amongst prisoners, there had been a decline in such interventions in the correctional facilities. Service providers suggested opportunities that a prison environment offers for identification and treatment of HIV infected individuals and implementation of peer education programs. Conclusions Our study identified crucial barriers to and facilitators of early ART initiation amongst prisoners, a key HIV priority population group. Interventions that address the barriers while strengthening the facilitators may enhance a greater utilisation of ART. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-11499-w.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Terefe Gone Fuge
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - George Tsourtos
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Emma R Miller
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Baker P, Arredondo J, Borquez A, Clairgue E, Mittal ML, Morales M, Rocha-Jimenez T, Garfein R, Oren E, Pitpitan E, Strathdee SA, Beletsky L, Cepeda JA. Municipal police support for harm reduction services in officer-led referrals of people who inject drugs in Tijuana, Mexico. Harm Reduct J 2021; 18:76. [PMID: 34311765 PMCID: PMC8313001 DOI: 10.1186/s12954-021-00513-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Police constitute a structural determinant of health and HIV risk of people who inject drugs (PWID), and negative encounters with law enforcement present significant barriers to PWID access to harm reduction services. Conversely, police may facilitate access via officer-led referrals, potentiating prevention of HIV, overdose, and drug-related harms. We aimed to identify police characteristics associated with support for officer-led referrals to addiction treatment services and syringe service programs (SSP). We hypothesized that officers who believe harm reduction services are contradictory to policing priorities in terms of safety and crime reduction will be less likely to support police referrals. METHODS Between January and June 2018, police officers (n = 305) in Tijuana, Mexico, completed self-administered surveys about referrals to harm reduction services during the 24-month follow-up visit as part of the SHIELD police training and longitudinal cohort study. Log-binomial regression was used to estimate adjusted prevalence ratios and model policing characteristics and attitudes related to officers' support for including addiction treatment and SSP in referrals. RESULTS Respondents were primarily male (89%), patrol officers (86%) with a median age of 38 years (IQR 33-43). Overall, 89% endorsed referral to addiction services, whereas 53% endorsed SSP as acceptable targets of referrals. Officers endorsing addiction services were less likely to be assigned to high drug use districts (adjusted prevalence ratio [APR] = 0.50, 95% CI 0.24, 1.08) and more likely to agree that methadone programs reduce crime (APR = 4.66, 95% CI 2.05, 9.18) than officers who did not support addiction services. Officers endorsing SSPs were younger (adjusted prevalence ratio [APR] = 0.96 95% CI 0.93, 0.98), less likely to be assigned to high drug use districts (APR = 0.50, 95% CI 0.29, 0.87), more likely to believe that methadone programs reduce crime (APR = 2.43, 95% CI 1.30, 4.55), and less likely to believe that SSPs increase risk of needlestick injury for police (APR = 0.44, 0.27, 0.71). CONCLUSIONS Beliefs related to the occupational impact of harm reduction services in terms of officer safety and crime reduction are associated with support for referral to related harm reduction services. Efforts to deflect PWID from carceral systems toward harm reduction by frontline police should include measures to improve officer knowledge and attitudes about harm reduction services as they relate to occupational safety and law enforcement priorities. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT02444403.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Baker
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA USA
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA USA
| | - Jaime Arredondo
- Programa de Política de Drogas, Centro de Investigación Y Docencia Económica, Aguascalientes, Mexico
- British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Annick Borquez
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Erika Clairgue
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Maria L. Mittal
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA USA
- School of Medicine, Universidad Xochicalco, Tijuana, Baja California México
| | - Mario Morales
- School of Government and Public Policy, University of Arizona, Tuscon, AZ USA
| | - Teresita Rocha-Jimenez
- Society and Health Research Center, Facultad de Humanidades, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Richard Garfein
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Eyal Oren
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA USA
| | - Eileen Pitpitan
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA USA
| | - Steffanie A. Strathdee
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Leo Beletsky
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA USA
- School of Law & Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA USA
| | - Javier A. Cepeda
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA USA
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Woznica DM, Ntombela N, Hoffmann CJ, Mabuto T, Kaufman MR, Murray SM, Owczarzak J. Intersectional Stigma Among People Transitioning From Incarceration to Community-Based HIV Care in Gauteng Province, South Africa. AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR AIDS EDUCATION 2021; 33:202-215. [PMID: 34014112 PMCID: PMC8479561 DOI: 10.1521/aeap.2021.33.3.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
People transitioning from incarceration to community-based HIV care experience HIV stigma, incarceration stigma, and the convergence of these stigmas with social inequities. The objective of this study is to understand intersectional stigma among people returning from incarceration with HIV in Gauteng Province, South Africa. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 42 study participants. We analyzed transcript segments and memos from these interviews. Our results showed that anticipated HIV stigma increased participants' difficulty with disclosure and treatment collection. Incarceration stigma, particularly the mark of a criminal record, decreased socioeconomic stability in ways that negatively affected medication adherence. These stigmas converged with stereotypes that individuals were inherently criminal "bandits." Male participants expressed concerns that disclosing their HIV status would lead others to assume they had engaged in sexual activity with men while incarcerated. AIDS education and prevention efforts will require multilevel stigma interventions to improve HIV care outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Woznica
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Christopher J Hoffmann
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
- Aurum Institute for Health Research, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Tonderai Mabuto
- Aurum Institute for Health Research, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Michelle R Kaufman
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sarah M Murray
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
| | - Jill Owczarzak
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Taweh N, Schlossberg E, Frank C, Nijhawan A, Kuo I, Knight K, Springer SA. Linking criminal justice-involved individuals to HIV, Hepatitis C, and opioid use disorder prevention and treatment services upon release to the community: Progress, gaps, and future directions. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2021; 96:103283. [PMID: 34020864 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2021.103283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Improving HIV and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) management among people involved in the criminal justice (CJ) system who use drugs, in particular those with opioid use disorder (OUD), requires effective approaches to screening, linkage, and adherence to integrated prevention and treatment services across correctional and community agencies and providers. This manuscript reviews the literature to explore gaps in HIV, Hepatitis C, and OUD prevention, treatment, and delivery cascades of care for persons involved in the CJ system. Specifically, we compare two models of linkage to prevention and treatment services: Peer/Patient Navigation (PN) wherein the PN links CJ-involved individuals to community-based infectious disease (ID) and substance use prevention and treatment services, and Mobile Health Units (MHU) wherein individuals are linked to a MHU within their community that provides integrated ID and substance use prevention and treatment services. The most notable finding is a gap in the literature, with few to no comparisons of models linking individuals recently released from the CJ system to integrated HIV, Hepatitis C, and OUD prevention and treatment and other harm reduction services. Further, few published studies address the geographical distinctions that affect service implementation and their effects on these substance use, ID and harm reduction care cascades. This manuscript makes specific recommendations to fill this gap through a detailed evaluation of PN and MHU linkage models to co-located and integrated HIV, Hepatitis C, and OUD prevention and treatment services across different communities within the U.S.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noor Taweh
- Yale School of Medicine, Section of Infectious Disease, AIDS Program, 135 College Street, Suite 323, New Haven, CT 06510, United States; University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Esther Schlossberg
- Yale School of Medicine, Section of Infectious Disease, AIDS Program, 135 College Street, Suite 323, New Haven, CT 06510, United States
| | - Cynthia Frank
- Yale School of Medicine, Section of Infectious Disease, AIDS Program, 135 College Street, Suite 323, New Haven, CT 06510, United States
| | - Ank Nijhawan
- University of Texas Southwestern, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, TX, United States
| | - Irene Kuo
- George Washington University, DC, United States
| | - Kevin Knight
- Texas Christian University, Institute of Behavioral Research, TX, United States
| | - Sandra A Springer
- Yale School of Medicine, Section of Infectious Disease, AIDS Program, 135 College Street, Suite 323, New Haven, CT 06510, United States.
| |
Collapse
|