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Lu W, Vu TT, Wilton L, Paige M, Nandi V, Greene E, Frye V. Patterns and Factors Associated With Alcohol Misuse Among Young Black Men Who Have Sex With Men in New York City. Am J Mens Health 2024; 18:15579883231218580. [PMID: 38700239 PMCID: PMC11069334 DOI: 10.1177/15579883231218580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Alcohol misuse is a significant health concern among gay, bisexual, same-gender-loving, and other men who have sex with men (MSM). Yet, little is known about the severity and predictors of alcohol misuse among self-reported young Black MSM. This study aimed to identify patterns of and factors associated with alcohol misuse in a sample of young Black MSM living in New York City. Baseline data from a randomized controlled trial aimed at improving the uptake of HIV testing among 250 MSM aged 18 to 29 were analyzed. Log-binominal regression analyses were conducted to assess the association of demographic and psychosocial factors with alcohol misuse in the past year and past 3 months among young Black MSM. Overall, 33.2% and 28.0% of young Black MSM in the study experienced alcohol misuse in the past year and past 3 months, respectively. In the adjusted model, factors positively associated with past-year alcohol misuse included marijuana use, a history of drug use, and having one-two or more than two male sex partners. Likewise, participants who used marijuana and those with one-two or more than two male partners were more likely to report past 3-month alcohol misuse. No significant association was found between positive screening for depressive symptoms, chemsex, internalized homophobia, and the likelihood of having alcohol misuse. The high prevalence of alcohol misuse underscores the importance of raising awareness of alcohol misuse and designing alcohol risk reduction programs that jointly address HIV risk among young Black MSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Lu
- Department of Community Health and Social Medicine, School of Medicine, The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thinh Toan Vu
- Center for Innovation in Mental Health, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Community Health and Social Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Leo Wilton
- Department of Human Development, College of Community and Public Affairs, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, USA
- Faculty of Humanities, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Mark Paige
- Department of Community Health and Social Medicine, School of Medicine, The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vijay Nandi
- Faculty of Humanities, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Emily Greene
- Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention, New York Blood Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Victoria Frye
- School of Social Work, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Voisin DR, Takahashi L, Walsh JL, DiFranceisco W, Johnson A, Dakin A, Bouacha N, Brown K, Quinn KG. An exploratory study of community violence and HIV care engagement among Black gay and bisexual men. AIDS Care 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38648523 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2024.2331221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
This study examined the relationship between exposure to community violence and HIV care engagement among 107 Black gay or bisexual men living with HIV in Chicago. Measures assessed the importance of demographic covariates (age, annual income, health insurance status, and years living with HIV), community violence exposures, mental health, social support, in explaining variations in missed doses of antiretroviral therapy (ART) medication and missed HIV care appointments. Results showed that participants who reported higher rates of exposure to community violence were two times more likely to have missed ART doses and HIV care appointments. Participants who reported depression scores were two times more likely to have greater non-ART adherence. Finally, older participants were more likely to report fewer missed ART doses. More research is needed to clarify the mechanisms between age or depression and ART adherence given community violence exposure. Health care providers should screen for depression when attempting to promote better ART adherence and keeping HIV care appointments for Black gay and bisexual men living with HIV. Younger Black gay and bisexual men living with HIV may be more vulnerable than older men for missed ART doses and may require additional screening and follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexter R Voisin
- Jack Joseph and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Lois Takahashi
- Sol Price School of Public Policy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Anthony Johnson
- School of Social Work, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Khalil Brown
- Jack Joseph and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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3
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Scanlon F, Remch M, Scheidell JD, Brewer R, Dyer TV, Albis-Burdige B, Irvine N, Turpin R, Parker S, Cleland CM, Hucks-Ortiz C, Gaydos CA, Mayer KH, Khan MR. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms and Incarceration: The Impact on Sexual Risk-Taking, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Depression Among Black Sexual Minority Men in HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) 061. PSYCHOLOGY OF MEN & MASCULINITY 2024; 25:44-56. [PMID: 38854997 PMCID: PMC11156418 DOI: 10.1037/men0000458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Black men and people belonging to sexual minority groups are disproportionately impacted by criminal legal involvement and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Traumatic experiences are often associated with later criminal legal involvement, depression symptoms, sexual risk behavior, and STIs. Research on the joint influence of trauma and incarceration on STI risk among racial and/or sexual minority people is limited. This study tested the association between post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and incarceration on sexual risk behavior and STI among Black sexual minority men, a population that may be at higher risk for contracting STIs. Using data from the HIV Prevention Trials Network 061 Study, a longitudinal study of adult Black sexual minority men in six U.S. cities (N = 855), we tested associations between past six-month incarceration and subsequent sexual risk behavior, STI, and depression symptoms, for those with and without pre-incarceration PTSD symptoms. PTSD symptoms were elevated among participants who reported Hispanic ethnicity, having sex with both men and women, and previous incarceration. Although there were not significant differences between recent incarceration and sexual risk for those with and without PTSD, incarceration was linked to some sexual risk behaviors regardless of PTSD symptoms. Among people with PTSD symptoms, there was a higher prevalence of sexual risk and depression symptoms, regardless of incarceration. These findings suggest a potentially compounding influence of PTSD symptoms and incarceration on sexual risk and infection among Black sexual minority men.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sharon Parker
- North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University
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Quinn KG, Edwards T, Johnson A, Takahashi L, Dakin A, Bouacha N, Voisin D. Understanding the impact of police brutality on Black sexually minoritized men. Soc Sci Med 2023; 334:116191. [PMID: 37666095 PMCID: PMC10565611 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.116191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Young Black gay, bisexual, and other sexually minoritized men (SMM) face high levels of police brutality and other negative, unwarranted encounters with the police. Such interactions have known health consequences. The purpose of this study was to understand the health, mental health, and social consequences of police brutality experienced by young Black SMM. We conducted in-depth interviews with 31 Black, cisgender men, ages of 16-30 and analyzed the data using thematic analysis. Our primary results are summarized in four themes: 1) Police brutality is built into the system and diminishes trust; 2) Videos and social media make visible violence that has long existed; 3) Police brutality contributes to anxiety and other psychosocial effects; and 4) Violence reduces feelings of safety and contributes to avoidance of police. Our results highlight the direct and vicarious police brutality participants are subjected to and sheds light on the effects of such violence on trust, perceived safety, anxiety, and trauma symptoms. Results from this study contribute to the needed public health conversation around police brutality against Black men, specifically shedding light on the experiences of Black SMM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine G Quinn
- Center for AIDS Intervention Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
| | - Travonne Edwards
- School of Child and Youth Care, Toronto Metropolitan University, Canada
| | - Anthony Johnson
- School of Social Work, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lois Takahashi
- Sol Price School of Public Policy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Dexter Voisin
- School of Applied Social Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Kirschbaum AL, Metheny N, Skakoon-Sparling S, Grace D, Yakubovich AR, Cox J, Palachi A, Sang JM, O'Campo P, Tan DHS, Hart TA. Syndemic Factors and Lifetime Bidirectional Intimate Partner Violence Among Gay, Bisexual, and Other Sexual Minority Men. LGBT Health 2023; 10:S89-S97. [PMID: 37754925 DOI: 10.1089/lgbt.2023.0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Bidirectional intimate partner violence (IPV), the reporting of both IPV victimization and perpetration, is likely the most common form of violence among gay, bisexual, and other sexual minority men (GBM) and is thought to be part of a larger syndemic of stressors. This purpose of this study was to examine associations between syndemic factors and lifetime bidirectional IPV among GBM in three Canadian cities to inform future interventions. Methods: Data from GBM (N = 2449) were used to fit three logistic regression models with lifetime bidirectional IPV as the outcome and four syndemic factors (i.e., depressive symptomatology, childhood sexual abuse [CSA], illegal drug use, and alcohol misuse) as independent variables. Model 1 examined syndemic factors individually. Model 2 employed a summative scale of syndemic exposure. Model 3 used marginal analysis to examine the relative excess risk of each potential iteration of the syndemic. Results: Thirty-one percent (N = 762) of respondents reported lifetime bidirectional IPV. Each of the syndemic factors were significantly associated with greater odds of reporting bidirectional IPV (Model 1). Model 2 exhibited a dose-response relationship between the number of syndemic factors reported and bidirectional IPV. Model 3 suggested that the specific combination of depressive symptomatology, CSA, and alcohol misuse resulted in the highest risk of lifetime bidirectional IPV. Conclusion: Bidirectional IPV was common in this sample and was associated with a complex interplay of stressors. However, there may be opportunities to target interventions to the specific syndemic issues in an effort to prevent and mitigate this form of IPV in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicholas Metheny
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
| | | | - Daniel Grace
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Alexa R Yakubovich
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
- MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Joseph Cox
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
- Direction régionale de santé publique de Montréal, CIUSSS Centre-Sud-de-l'Iîle-de-Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Aaron Palachi
- Department of Psychology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jordan M Sang
- British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Patricia O'Campo
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Darrell H S Tan
- MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Division of Infectious Diseases, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Trevor A Hart
- Department of Psychology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Lin K, Tan Z, Li J, Cheng W, Yang Y, Jiang H. Prevalence of and Factors Associated With Intimate Partner Violence Victimhood Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Guangzhou, China. Sex Transm Dis 2023; 50:432-438. [PMID: 36943817 DOI: 10.1097/olq.0000000000001807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intimate partner violence (IPV) has been a concern among men who have sex with men (MSM), but less attention has been paid to the factors associated with this population in China. AIMS We investigated the prevalence of and factors associated with IPV victimhood among MSM in Guangzhou, China. METHODS Men who have sex with men were recruited from May to November 2017, and data were collected using an anonymous electronic questionnaire. χ2 Tests and nonconditional logistic regressions were used to explore the factors associated with IPV victimhood. RESULTS A total of 129 in 976 MSM (13.22%) reported experiencing IPV victimhood. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that individuals who had condomless anal intercourse (CAI; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.47; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.00-2.17) or had sex with a female partner (aOR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.15-2.83) in the past 6 months were at a higher risk of IPV victimhood. Participants who had ever experienced child sexual abuse (CSA) were more likely to experience IPV (aOR, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.32-2.94). Individuals who used rush poppers before sex had a higher risk of IPV (aOR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.21-2.63). In addition, ever having sex with a female sex partner (aOR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.04-2.60), ever having used rush poppers before sex (aOR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.22-2.64) in the past 6 months, and ever having experienced CSA (aOR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.35-3.01) were associated with experiencing more types of IPV. CONCLUSIONS Intimate partner violence victimhood was relatively common among MSM in Guangzhou, particularly among those who had CAI, experienced CSA, had sex with a female partner, used rush poppers before sex, and with less education.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhimin Tan
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Haizhu District, Guangzhou
| | - Jing Li
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Haizhu District, Guangzhou
| | - Weibin Cheng
- Institute for Healthcare Artificial Intelligence Application, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Yang
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Haizhu District, Guangzhou
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7
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Du X, Zhang Q, Hao J, Gong X, Liu J, Chen J. Global trends in depression among patients living with HIV: A bibliometric analysis. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1125300. [PMID: 36968702 PMCID: PMC10036061 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1125300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) related depression has seriously affected the quality of life and treatment outcomes of patients living with HIV (PLWH), which has become a hot topic in recent years. This study aims to discover the main keywords, predict frontier topics, and give meaningful suggestions for researchers by bibliometric analysis.MethodsPublications between 1999 and 2022 on depression in HIV/AIDS were searched in the Web of Science core collection. Microsoft Excel 2010 and VOSviewer were utilized to key contributors (e.g., authors, journals, institutions, and countries). VOSviewer and CiteSpace were used to analyze the knowledge evolution, collaborative maps, hot topics, and keywords trends in this field.ResultsIn total, 8,190 publications were included in the final analysis. From 1999 to 2021, the number of published articles roughly presents a steadily increasing trend. The United States, South Africa, and the United Kingdom were three key contributing countries/regions to this field. University Calif San Francisco (United States), University Calif Los Angeles (United States), and Johns Hopkins University (United States) were three key contributing institutions. Safren, Steven A. was the most productive and highest cited author. AIDS Care was the top prolific journal. Antiretroviral therapy and adherence, men has sex with men, mental health, substance abuse, stigma, and Sub-Saharan Africa were the central topics regarding the depression-related research in HIV/AIDS.ConclusionThis bibliometric analysis reported the publication trend, major contributing countries/regions, institutions, authors, journals and mapped the knowledge network of depression-related research on HIV/AIDS. In this field, topics such as “adherence,” “mental health,” “substance abuse,” “stigma,” “men who have sex with men” and “South Africa” have attracted considerable attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Du
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Xiangya Hospital Department of Neurosurgery, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiaqi Hao
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xilong Gong
- Department of Breast Disease, Henan Breast Cancer Center, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Liu,
| | - Jia Chen
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Jia Chen,
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López DJ, Chandler C, Whitfield DL, Adams B, Burdick J, Friedman MR. "Take It Out on the Floor": Experiences of Violence Among Black LGBT House and Ball Community Youth in a Rust Belt City. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2023; 38:3950-3978. [PMID: 36004529 PMCID: PMC10105583 DOI: 10.1177/08862605221113025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Black, lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT), individuals experience higher rates of violent victimization compared to their cisgender heterosexual counterparts over their life course. Among Black LGBT people, witnessing and experiencing violence have been related to poor health outcomes, including depression, risky sexual behavior, substance use, and lower engagement in healthcare services. We engaged in research to better understand the effects of violence experienced by the Black LGBT youth community. We conducted a qualitative, phenomenological study focused on the causes of violence occurring in the lives of Black LGBT youth engaged in a recreation-based community health program. The study consisted of four focus groups with Black LGBT youth (N = 24) and in-depth individual interviews with medical and social service providers who work with Black LGBT youth (N = 4). Data analysis presented three themes: (1) causes of violence, (2) the context of intracommunity violence, and (3) solutions to violence. The first theme describes the reasoning, motivation, or explanation for violence experienced by the Black LGBT youth community. The second theme, the context of intracommunity violence, describes how violence occurs specifically within Black LGBT young adult communities. The third theme, solutions to violence, describes the recommendations for addressing, reducing, and/or eliminating violence within the Black LGBT youth community. Our findings highlight the need for safe spaces, culturally-relevant services, and trusted figures for Black LGBT young adults, which can serve as mechanisms for mitigating violence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jessica Burdick
- Project Silk, Community Health Services, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Yosep I, Hikmat R, Mardhiyah A, Lukman M. Interventions Focused by Nurses for Reducing Negative Effect of Traumatic Experience on Victims of Sexual Violence: A Scoping Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 11:healthcare11010125. [PMID: 36611585 PMCID: PMC9819366 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11010125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Sexual violence has increased quite rapidly. Sexual violence can be in the form of physical or verbal violence. The impact of sexual violence causes a traumatic experience that causes physical problems, psychological problems, loss of the future, and causes the risk of death. Nurses have an important role in reducing the impact of sexual violence on victims. The purpose of this study is to describe nursing interventions to reduce the impact of traumatic experiences experienced by victims of sexual violence. This study used a scoping review method. The literature used in this study is from CINAHL, PubMed, and Scopus. Keywords in this study are sexual violence, traumatic experience, impact, and victims. Search strategy used PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews to select articles for this study. The inclusion criteria were that the sample was female victims of sexual violence, studies employed a randomized control trial or quasi-experimental research design, and the publication period was of the last 10 years (2013-2022). We found 10 articles that matched the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The findings from this scoping review show that nursing interventions can reduce the impact of traumatic experiences on victims of sexual violence. There are three methods of nursing intervention, namely cognitive behavior, counseling, and web-based intervention. The samples are from developing and developed countries. The range of the samples are from 35-1250 respondents. Nursing interventions focus on victims in order to improve mental health and reduce the traumatic impact experienced by victims of sexual violence. The activities carried out were psychoeducation, keeping a daily journal, and discussions related to the traumatic experiences experienced. Nurses as health workers have a role to provide comprehensive nursing care to victims of sexual violence by taking into account the characteristics and impact of trauma experienced by victims of sexual violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iyus Yosep
- Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +62-81394665577
| | - Rohman Hikmat
- Professional Nursing Program, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Ai Mardhiyah
- Department of Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Mamat Lukman
- Department of Community Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
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Shangani S, van den Berg JJ, Dyer TV, Mayer KH, Operario D. Childhood sexual abuse, alcohol and drug use problems among Black sexual minority men in six US Cities: Findings from the HPTN 061 study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0279238. [PMID: 36548261 PMCID: PMC9778556 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior research has found a high prevalence of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) among sexual minority men (SMM) in the US, and has indicated that CSA is associated with higher rates of alcohol and drug use disorders. However, most of these studies have focused almost exclusively on White SMM. We assessed associations of CSA, alcohol use, and drug use problems among adult Black SMM. METHODS Participants were 1,016 Black SMM recruited from six US cities (Atlanta, Boston, Los Angeles, New York City, San Francisco, and Washington, DC) between July 2009 and December 2011. We used hierarchical logistic regression to evaluate the associations between CSA, alcohol use problems (≥ 8 AUDIT), and drug use problems (excluding marijuana). RESULTS Mean (SD) age was 37.8 (11.7) years, and 28.6% and 49.2% reported alcohol and drug use disorders in the past six months, respectively. Most of the study participants reported history of CSA (70.3%). Adjusting for sociodemographic and confounding variables, CSA was associated with higher odds of alcohol use problems (odds ratio (OR) = 1.52, 95% CI 1.09, 2.12) and drug use problems (OR = 1.58, 95% CI 1.19, 2.10) than non-CSA group. CONCLUSION Prevalence of CSA is high among BSMM in the US and is positively associated with alcohol and drug use problems. Substance use interventions should address the psychological health needs of BSMM with a history of CSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Shangani
- Department of Community Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Jacob J. van den Berg
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Behavioral, Social and Health Education, and Social Sciences, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Typhanye V. Dyer
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kenneth H. Mayer
- The Fenway Institute of Fenway Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Don Operario
- Department of Behavioral, Social and Health Education, and Social Sciences, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
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Downing MJ, Benoit E, Coe L, Brown D, Steen JT. Examining Cultural Competency and Sexual Abuse Training Needs Among Service Providers Working with Black and Latino Sexual Minority Men. JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SERVICE RESEARCH 2022; 49:79-92. [PMID: 38108062 PMCID: PMC10723252 DOI: 10.1080/01488376.2022.2157524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Black and Latino sexual minority men (SMM) with a history of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) may be reluctant to disclose such experiences or may appraise them as consensual because of cultural norms. Anticipated stigma, medical mistrust, and concerns that providers lack training in sexuality may complicate their efforts to obtain treatment for long-term health consequences of CSA. It is important to examine the training needs of service providers working with SMM who may disclose sexual abuse. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 35 substance use disorder (SUD) treatment and allied health service providers across the New York City area. Themes included the importance of training in cultural competence, trauma-informed care, and assessment of-and counseling for-CSA. Further education in these areas can enable providers to recognize indicators of abuse in their clients' sexual histories and to more effectively and safely respond to this information. Future studies are encouraged to test a trauma-informed approach to screening for CSA history with Black and Latino SMM who present to SUD treatment and allied health service providers. This research should consider provider perspectives in developing such an approach and will likely involve training and evaluation to ensure adequate preparedness and effective service delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J. Downing
- Department of Psychology, Lehman College of the City University of New York (CUNY), Bronx, NY
| | - Ellen Benoit
- North Jersey Community Research Initiative, Newark, NJ
| | - Lauren Coe
- New York City Department of Education, New York, NY
| | - Dominique Brown
- New York University School of Global Public Health, New York, NY
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Robles G, Bosco SC, Cardenas I, Hostetter J, Starks TJ. Psychosocial and Culturally-Specific Factors Related to Intimate Partner Violence Victimization among a Sample of Latino Sexual Minority Cis Men in the U.S. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP22501-NP22527. [PMID: 35166599 PMCID: PMC9376202 DOI: 10.1177/08862605211072167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of research illustrates that sexual minority men (SMM) experience elevated rates of intimate partner violence (IPV) compared to heterosexual individuals. Researchers have examined the relationship between minority stress and IPV victimization among sexual minority men. A majority of the IPV research identifying risk factors associated with IPV victimization among SMM have sampled predominately non-Hispanic White SMM, while Latino SMM are consistently under-represented in IPV research. This study examines the associations between (1) co-occurring psychosocial factors (e.g., depression, anxiety, childhood sexual abuse, drug use, and problematic drinking) and (2) Latino-specific minority stress factors (e.g., U.S.-born, language, race/ethnic identities, and discrimination) on IPV victimization in a nationwide sample of Latino SMM. Data were collected from Latino SMM aged 18 or older, identified as cis-male, and in a romantic relationship with a cis-male partner (N = 530). The participants were recruited through social media and geo-location-based dating mobile applications. A majority (72%) of the sample reported IPV victimization in their lifetime. Specific to forms of IPV, more than half (51.9%) of the sample reported monitoring behaviors, while 49.6% reported emotional IPV, 45.1% reported physical IPV, 31.5% reported controlling behaviors, and 22.3% reported HIV-related IPV. In multivariable models, psychosocial and Latino-specific factors were associated with the increased likelihood of IPV victimization. Regarding Latino-specific factors, being born in the U.S. and race-based discrimination predicted IPV victimization. These findings highlight the extent to which minority stress elevates the risk of IPV for Latino SMM and point to the need to address social factors in IPV prevention services. Further, work on SMM IPV victimization tends to focus on the potential role of sexual orientation-related discrimination, whereas the current study points to the importance of race-based discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Robles
- School of Social Work, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Stephen C. Bosco
- Doctoral Program in Health Psychology and Clinical Science, the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, NY
| | - Iris Cardenas
- School of Social Work, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
| | | | - Tyrel J. Starks
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, NY
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Boyd DT, Abu-Ba’are GR, LoVette A, Whitfield DL, Turpin RE, Ramos SR, Quinn CR, Hickson DA. Assessing the Influence of Child Sexual Behavior on Depression among Black SMM in the Southeastern United States. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13930. [PMID: 36360808 PMCID: PMC9658341 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192113930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Limited studies have examined the associations between child sexual abuse (CSA) and depression among Black sexual minority men (SMM) in the Southeastern United States (US). As, such, the current study examined the critical gap in understanding the impact of CSA on Black SMM's mental health. Specifically, we tested the associations between contextual CSA factors and depression among a large population-based sample of Black SMM living in two cities in the Southern US. Data were obtained from the MARI Study, a sample of Black SMM ages 18-66 years, recruited from the Jackson, MS and Atlanta, GA metropolitan areas (n = 507). Depression was assessed using the 9-item CES-D scale. We conducted multivariable regression analyses to examine the association between depression with history of CSA and other child sexual-related variables (i.e., age of perpetrator and age of sexual abuse), controlling for key confounders. Our results indicated that CSA (β = 0.14, p < 0.001) was positively associated with depression. Our results also indicated that Black SMM who reported being sexually abused at the ages of 6 to 10 (β = 0.30, p < 0.01) and 16 to 18 (β = 0.25, p < 0.05) were positively associated with depression. These findings suggest that there is a need to provide culturally and safe mental health services in the Southeastern US for CSA survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donte Travon Boyd
- College of Social Work, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Us Helping Us, People into Living, Inc., Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Gamji Rabiu Abu-Ba’are
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- School of Nursing, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Ashleigh LoVette
- Us Helping Us, People into Living, Inc., Washington, DC 20010, USA
- College of Public Health, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | | | - Rodman E. Turpin
- Department of Global & Community Health, College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - S. Raquel Ramos
- Us Helping Us, People into Living, Inc., Washington, DC 20010, USA
- School of Nursing, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06477, USA
| | - Camille R. Quinn
- Center for Equitable Family and Community Well-Being, School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Nouri E, Moradi Y, Moradi G. What is the global prevalence of depression among men who have sex with men? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Gen Psychiatry 2022; 21:38. [PMID: 36096814 PMCID: PMC9465955 DOI: 10.1186/s12991-022-00414-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression due to stigma resulting from their sexual identity, isolation, social exclusion, and insufficient access to care and counseling services has become a health problem among men who have sex with men (MSM). OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the global prevalence of depression among MSM as a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS This study was a systematic review and meta-analysis performed in five steps of search strategy, screening and selecting articles, data extraction, evaluation of the risk of bias, and meta-analysis. In this study, the determined keywords were searched in the databases of PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science from January 1913 to July 2021 to find the initial articles, from which data were extracted according to the set checklist in the data extraction stage. Finally, the studies were included in the present meta-analysis according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, to be evaluated using the Newcastle Ottawa scale checklist. I Square and Q Cochrane were also used to assess the degree of heterogeneity. The analyses were performed using the random-effects model in STATA 16. RESULTS The results showed the quality score of the majority of cross-sectional studies included in the meta-analysis (62 studies) was equal to six or seven (moderate), and five ones had a high-quality score. After combining these studies, the pooled prevalence of depression among MSM in the world was 35% (95% CI 31%-39%, I square; 98.95%, P-value < 0.001). Population subgroup analysis showed the pooled prevalence of depression among MSM living with HIV was 47% (95% CI 39%-55%, I square; 95.76%, P-value < 0.001). Continent subgroup analysis showed the highest pooled prevalence of depression among Asian MSM at 37% (95% CI 31%-43%, I square; 99.07%, P-value < 0.001). Also, in the subgroup analysis of the sampling method, the pooled prevalence in the studies which used the respondent-driven sampling method was equal to 34% (95% CI 25%-43%, I square; 99.32%, P-value < 0.001). Sensitivity analysis revealed the pooled prevalence of depression in studies included in the meta-analysis was near or around the pooled estimate. CONCLUSION The pooled prevalence of depression among MSM was almost three times higher than the general male population. Therefore, particular and therapeutic interventions such as screening, and harm reduction programs for mental disorders, especially depression, are suggested to be considered in service packages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Nouri
- Social Determinant of the Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Yousef Moradi
- Social Determinant of the Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Ghobad Moradi
- Social Determinant of the Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran. .,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
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15
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Dyer TV, Feelemyer J, Scheidell JD, Turpin RE, Brewer R, Mazumdar M, Fortune N, Severe M, Cleland CM, Remch M, Mayer K, Khan MR. Estimating the Influence of Incarceration on Subsequent Experience With Violence Among Black Men Who Have Sex With Men in the HPTN061 Study. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP16327-NP16350. [PMID: 34107789 PMCID: PMC10091627 DOI: 10.1177/08862605211021970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Black men who have sex with men (BMSM) are disproportionately incarcerated in the United States. Incarceration is a barrier to health equity and may be a risk factor for experiences of interpersonal violence. However, the effect of incarceration on experienced violence among BMSM is understudied. We examined associations between recent incarceration on subsequent experiences of race- or sexuality-based violence, intimate partner violence, or community violence. We analyzed data from the HPTN 061 study. Analysis includes data on 1,169 BMSM recruited from 6 U.S. cities who were present at baseline as well as 6- and 12-month follow-up interview. We tested if self-reported incarceration between baseline and 6 months was associated with self-reported outcomes between 6 and 12 months using logistic regression with inverse probability of treatment weighting and multiple imputation methods. Experienced outcomes included violence due to race or sexuality, intimate partner violence and aggression, and community violence (i.e., gang violence, robbery, shooting). Approximately 14% reported incarceration between baseline and 6 months and 90% reported experiencing violence between 6 and 12 months. In adjusted analyses, incarceration was associated with subsequent race- or sexuality-based violence [aOR (adjusted odds ratio) range: 1.25-1.41, 95% CI (confidence interval) range: 1.00-1.74], experiences of physical abuse and aggression from intimate partners (aOR: 2.35; 95% CI: 1.50, 3.70) and community violence (OR 1.82; 95% CI: 1.23, 2.72). Recent incarceration experience increased risk of exposure to future violence in this population. Mixed methods research examining mediating paths between and downstream effects of incarceration and violence on the wellbeing and health of BMSM is needed. We implore researchers to study violence and incarceration among BMSM. Practitione should implement strategies such as trauma-informed interventions, and policies strengthening the social and economic support needs of Black populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Typhanye V. Dyer
- University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Rodman E. Turpin
- University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA
| | | | - Medha Mazumdar
- New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nicole Fortune
- University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Molly Remch
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Maria R. Khan
- New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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16
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Decker MR, Lyons C, Guan K, Mosenge V, Fouda G, Levitt D, Abelson A, Nunez GT, Njindam IM, Kurani S, Baral S. A Systematic Review of Gender-Based Violence Prevention and Response Interventions for HIV Key Populations: Female Sex Workers, Men Who Have Sex With Men, and People Who Inject Drugs. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2022; 23:676-694. [PMID: 35144502 DOI: 10.1177/15248380211029405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Gender-based violence (GBV) is that perpetrated based on sex, gender identity, or perceived adherence to socially defined gender norms. This human rights violation is disproportionately experienced by HIV key populations including female sex workers (FSW), people who inject drugs (PWID), and men who have sex with men (MSM). Consequently, addressing GBV is a global priority in HIV response. There is limited consensus about optimal interventions and little known about effectiveness. Our systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and was registered in International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews. Peer-reviewed and non-peer-reviewed literature were searched for articles that described a GBV prevention or response intervention specifically for key populations including FSW, PWID, and MSM. Results were organized by level(s) of implementation and pillars of a comprehensive GBV response: prevention, survivor support, and accountability/justice. Of 4,287 articles following removal of duplicates, 32 unique interventions (21 FSW, seven PWID, and nine MSM, not mutually exclusive) met inclusion criteria, representing 13 countries. Multisectoral interventions blended empowerment, advocacy, and crisis response with reductions in violence. Individual-level interventions included violence screening and response services. Violence-related safety promotion and risk reduction counseling within HIV risk reduction programming reduced violence. Quantitative evaluations were limited. Violence prevention and response interventions for FSW, PWID, and MSM span individual, community, and multisectoral levels with evidence of promising practices at each level. The strongest evidence supported addressing violence in the context of sexually transmitted infection/HIV risk reduction. As interventions continue to emerge, the rigor of accompanying evaluations must simultaneously advance to enable clarity on the health and safety impact of GBV prevention and response programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele R Decker
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Center for Public Health and Human Rights, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center for Public Health and Human Rights, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Carrie Lyons
- Center for Public Health and Human Rights, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health and Human Rights, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kathleen Guan
- Center for Public Health and Human Rights, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health and Human Rights, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vanessa Mosenge
- Continuum of Prevention, Care and Treatment of HIV/AIDS with Most at Risk Populations in Cameroon, CARE International, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Ghislane Fouda
- Continuum of Prevention, Care and Treatment of HIV/AIDS with Most at Risk Populations in Cameroon, CARE International, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Daniel Levitt
- Continuum of Prevention, Care and Treatment of HIV/AIDS with Most at Risk Populations in Cameroon, CARE USA, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Anna Abelson
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Center for Public Health and Human Rights, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center for Public Health and Human Rights, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gnilane Turpin Nunez
- Center for Public Health and Human Rights, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health and Human Rights, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Iliassou Mfochive Njindam
- Center for Public Health and Human Rights, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health and Human Rights, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shaheen Kurani
- Center for Public Health and Human Rights, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health and Human Rights, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stefan Baral
- Center for Public Health and Human Rights, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health and Human Rights, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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17
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Association of positive psychobehavioral factors and structural disadvantage with condomless sex in men who have sex men with childhood sexual abuse histories. J Behav Med 2022; 45:90-102. [PMID: 34431031 PMCID: PMC8821327 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-021-00251-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Previous research has highlighted both psychological and structural risk factors as correlates of condomless anal sex, a key pathway to HIV acquisition in men who have sex with men (MSM). Fewer studies have focused on positive psychobehavioral factors, which may be associated with more consistent condom use. This study hypothesized that positive psychobehavioral factors would be associated with more frequent condom use over and above psychological and structural risk factors. MSM with histories of childhood sexual abuse in Boston, MA and Miami, FL (N = 108) completed cross-sectional assessments of psychosocial, structural, and positive psychobehavioral factors. These factors were entered simultaneously in a linear regression model to examine their association with frequency of condomless sex. More recent seroadaptive behavior (B = 0.323, 95% CI = 0.055-0.590, p = .019) and receipt of government benefits to supplement income (B = 0.892, 95% CI = 0.171-1.612, p = .016) were independently associated with higher frequency of condomless sex over and above all other psychosocial, structural, and positive psychobehavioral factors. R2 for the final model was 0.270. Ancillary analyses including participants taking and adherent to biomedical HIV prevention suggested an association between higher distress tolerance and lower frequency of condomless sex. Positive psychobehavioral factors may potentially lower risk for HIV in high-risk MSM; however, left unaddressed, structural disadvantage is a potent influence which may limit potential benefits.
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Inwards-Breland DJ, Johns NE, Raj A. Sexual Violence Associated With Sexual Identity and Gender Among California Adults Reporting Their Experiences as Adolescents and Young Adults. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e2144266. [PMID: 35050356 PMCID: PMC8777565 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.44266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Disproportionate levels of violence exist in lesbian, gay, bisexual, queer, asexual, and other sexual identity (LGBQA+) communities, often starting in adolescence and young adulthood, but little research exists on the range of sexual violence (SV) experiences. OBJECTIVE To assess risk of experiences of sexual violence among California LGBQA+ adults during adolescence and young adulthood. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This survey study analyzed data from Cal-VEX 2020, a state-representative survey of California residents aged 18 years and older, to assess associations between LGBQA+ identification and types of SV experienced in adolescence (ages 13-17 years) and young adulthood (ages 18-24 years) using gender-stratified adjusted logistic regression. Forms of SV included verbal, cyber, and coercion or physically aggressive sexual harassment; homophobic or transphobic slurs; and forced sex. EXPOSURE Sexual identity. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The outcome of interest was experiences with any 5 forms of sexual violence (verbal sexual harassment, homophobic or transphobic slurs, cyber sexual harassment, sexual coercion or physically aggressive sexual harassment, and forced sex) during adolescence or young adulthood. RESULTS A total of 2102 contacted individuals (response rate, 26.2%) completed the Cal-VEX survey and were included in these analyses. Among these, the mean (SD) age was 46.6 (17.7) years, 1149 identified as female, 953 identified as male, and 214 respondents (9.6%) identified as LGBQA+. Compared with heterosexual individuals, LGBQA+ individuals had significantly higher odds of having experienced homophobic or transphobic slurs (women: AOR, 14.65; 95% CI, 5.14-41.77; men: AOR, 14.17; 95% CI, 6.96-28.86) and forced sex (women: AOR, 5.35; 95% CI, 2.74-10.43; men: AOR, 2.68; 95% CI, 1.01-7.10) in adolescence. LGBQA+ women also had higher odds of having experienced verbal and coercion or physically aggressive sexual harassment in adolescence (AOR, 2.33; 95% CI, 1.30-4.19). In young adulthood, LGBQA+ individuals also had higher odds of having experienced homophobic or transphobic slurs (women: AOR, 18.58; 95% CI, 7.12-48.49; men: AOR, 16.73; 95% CI, 8.26-33.92) in young adulthood. LGBQA+ men also had higher odds of having experienced homophobic or transphobic slurs (AOR, 16.73; 95% CI, 8.26-33.92); verbal (AOR, 3.29; 95% CI, 1.44-7.53), cyber (AOR, 6.32; 95% CI, 1.50-26.52), and coercion or physically aggressive (AOR, 5.54; 95% CI, 2.08-14) sexual harassment; and forced sex (AOR, 21.26; 95% CI, 5.63-80.35) in young adulthood. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This survey study found that adult LGBQA+ individuals were at increased risk for having experienced SV across the continuum during adolescence and young adulthood, consistent with prior research. Multifold solutions are needed to support LGBQA+ youth, including altering social norms accepting SV and homophobia, creating safer schools and other institutional environments, and supporting healthy sexual and romantic partnerships.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Inwards-Breland
- Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego, California
- School of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla
- Center on Gender Equity and Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla
| | - Nicole E. Johns
- Center on Gender Equity and Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla
| | - Anita Raj
- Center on Gender Equity and Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla
- Division of Social Sciences, Department of Education Studies, University of California, La Jolla
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19
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Bosco SC, Robles G, Stephenson R, Starks TJ. Relationship Power and Intimate Partner Violence in Sexual Minority Male Couples. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP671-NP695. [PMID: 32779502 PMCID: PMC7876153 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520916271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Objective: The objective of the present study was to test pathways implied by Disempowerment Theory to predict intimate partner violence (IPV) among men in a same-sex relationship. Background: Sexual minority men in relationships experience rates of IPV comparable with heterosexual women, yet most research on IPV focuses on heterosexual couples. Disempowerment Theory suggests that a range of individual, family-of-origin, and intimate relationship risk factors predict the use of violence to re-establish power in a relationship. Method: Data for the present study were gathered from an online survey completed by sexual minority men currently in a same-sex relationship (n = 339). Analysis of data included two steps: (a) we tested the direct effect of individual, family, and relational predictors on the odds of IPV and (b) we calculated a path model that included relationship power as a link between the predictors (individual, family, and relational) and IPV. Results: In line with Disempowerment Theory, relationship power was negatively associated with IPV. Bivariate analysis indicated an association between childhood sexual abuse and IPV, but childhood sexual abuse was not predictive of IPV through relationship power. Other individual (depression) and relationship-specific (sexual communication and relationship satisfaction) risk factors were associated with IPV indirectly through relationship power. Conclusion: Disempowerment Theory may provide a useful framework for understanding the occurrence of IPV in sexual minority male couples. It may also provide a starting point for the development of multi-component interventions to reduce violence in these couples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C. Bosco
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College of the City
University of New York (CUNY), 695 Park Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Doctoral Program in Health Psychology and Clinical Science,
The Graduate Center of CUNY, 365 5th Ave, New York, NY 10034, USA
| | - Gabriel Robles
- School of Social Work, Rutgers University–New
Brunswick, 536 George ST., New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Rob Stephenson
- Department of Systems, Populations and Leadership, and The
Center for Sexuality and Health Disparities, School of Nursing, University of
Michigan, 400 North Ingalls Building, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Tyrel J. Starks
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College of the City
University of New York (CUNY), 695 Park Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Doctoral Program in Health Psychology and Clinical Science,
The Graduate Center of CUNY, 365 5th Ave, New York, NY 10034, USA
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Holloway IW, Beltran R, Shah SV, Cordero L, Garth G, Smith T, Wilson BDM, Ochoa AM. Structural Syndemics and Antiretroviral Medication Adherence Among Black Sexual Minority Men Living With HIV. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2021; 88:S12-S19. [PMID: 34757988 PMCID: PMC8579986 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000002806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although HIV antiretroviral treatment (ART) access and uptake have increased among racial/ethnic minority individuals, lower rates of ART adherence and viral suppression persist, especially among Black men who have sex with men (BMSM) compared with their White counterparts. SETTING Black men who have sex with men living with HIV (BMSM+) residing in Los Angeles County (N = 124) were recruited in-person (eg, clinic) and online (eg, social networking apps). METHODS Participants completed a cross-sectional survey measuring demographic characteristics, structural syndemics (poverty, criminal justice involvement, and housing instability), and psychosocial syndemics (mental health and substance use). A text message survey assessed missed doses of ART over the past week. Zero-inflated Poisson regression models were used to evaluate variables associated with the number of missed doses of ART. RESULTS On average, participants missed 1.30 doses of ART (SD = 2.09) and reported structural syndemics: poverty (56.1%), criminal justice involvement (36.6%), housing instability (26.3%), and psychosocial syndemics: childhood sexual abuse (51.8%), intimate partner violence (16.9%), depression (39%), and problem alcohol use (15.5%). After controlling for employment, age, education, and psychosocial syndemics, participants with a one-point increase in structural syndemic indicators were found to be 1.63 times more likely to have missed a dose of ART. CONCLUSIONS Structural syndemic were associated with ART nonadherence among BMSM+ after adjusting for demographic and psychosocial factors. HIV treatment interventions that incorporate financial incentives, legal support, and housing may help improve ART adherence among BMSM+. Findings suggest that key priorities to ending the HIV epidemic must include structural interventions that alleviate poverty, eliminate disproportionate policing and criminalization, and end homelessness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian W. Holloway
- Department of Social Welfare, UCLA Luskin School of Public Affairs, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Raiza Beltran
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Saanchi V. Shah
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Luisita Cordero
- Department of Social Welfare, UCLA Luskin School of Public Affairs, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Gerald Garth
- Arming Minorities Against Addiction and Disease (AMAAD) Institute, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Bianca D. M. Wilson
- The Williams Institute, UCLA School of Law, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Ayako M. Ochoa
- Department of Social Welfare, UCLA Luskin School of Public Affairs, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
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21
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Fredericksen RJ, Nance RM, Whitney BM, Harding BN, Fitzsimmons E, Del Rio C, Eron J, Feaster DJ, Kalokhe AS, Mathews WC, Mayer KH, Metsch LR, Mugavero MJ, Potter J, O'Cleirigh C, Napravnik S, Rodriguez B, Ruderman S, Jac D, Crane HM. Correlates of psychological intimate partner violence with HIV care outcomes on patients in HIV care. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1824. [PMID: 34627181 PMCID: PMC8502266 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11854-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Among people living with HIV (PLWH), physical intimate partner violence (IPV) is associated with poor virologic, psychiatric, and behavioral outcomes. We examined non-physical, psychological intimate partner violence (psy-IPV) and HIV care outcomes using data from two U.S. consortia. Methods We conducted multivariable analyses with robust standard errors to compare patients indicating/not indicating psy-IPV. Results Among PLWH (n = 5950), 9.5% indicated psy-IPV; these individuals were younger (− 3; 95% CI [− 2,-4], p-value < 0.001), less likely to be on antiretroviral treatment (ART) (0.73 [0.55,0.97], p = 0.03), less adherent to ART (− 4.2 [− 5.9,-2.4], p < 0.001), had higher odds of detectable viral load (1.43 [1.15,1.78], p = 0.001) and depression (2.63 [2.18,3.18], p < 0.001), and greater use of methamphetamines/crystal [2.98 (2.30,3.87),p < 0.001], cocaine/crack [1.57 (1.24,1.99),p < 0.001], illicit opioids [1.56 (1.13,2.16),p = 0.007], and marijuana [1.40 (1.15,1.70), p < 0.001]. Conclusion Psychological IPV, even in the absence of physical or sexual IPV, appears to be associated with HIV care outcomes and should be included in IPV measures integrated into routine HIV care. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-11854-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Fredericksen
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
| | - R M Nance
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - B M Whitney
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - B N Harding
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - E Fitzsimmons
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - C Del Rio
- Department of Global Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - J Eron
- School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - D J Feaster
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - A S Kalokhe
- Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - W C Mathews
- Department of Medicine, University of California - San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - K H Mayer
- The Fenway Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - L R Metsch
- Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - M J Mugavero
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama - Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - J Potter
- Department of Medicine, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - C O'Cleirigh
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S Napravnik
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - B Rodriguez
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - S Ruderman
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Delaney Jac
- College of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, USA
| | - H M Crane
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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22
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Prevalence of Intimate Partner Violence Among Men Who Have Sex With Men: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sex Med 2021; 9:100433. [PMID: 34571326 PMCID: PMC8766270 DOI: 10.1016/j.esxm.2021.100433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Intimate partner violence (IPV) among men who have sex with men (MSM) has become a serious and widespread public health issue, which might result in low quality of life and increase the global burden of diseases. Aim To quantitatively estimate the pooled prevalence of IPV and its specific forms (physical violence, sexual violence and emotional violence) among MSM. Methods Databases of PubMed, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CNKI, WANFANG Data, and Weipu (CQVIP) Data were searched for identified studies published between January 1990 and August 2020. Random effect meta-analyses were used to synthesize the pooled prevalence and 95% CIs of IPV. Main Outcome Measures The pooled prevalence of IPV in victimization and in perpetration among MSM. Results A total of 52 studies with 32,048 participants were included for final analysis. The pooled prevalence of IPV was 33% (6,342 of 19,873; 95%CI, 28–39%) in victimization and 29% (1,491 of 5,983; 95%CI, 17 –40%) in perpetration across all recall periods among MSM population. Furthermore, the pooled prevalence of physical violence was 17% (3,979 of 22,928; 95%CI, 14 –20%) and 12% (942 of 9,236; 95%CI, 10 –15%), of sexual violence was 9% (1,527 of 19,511; 95%CI, 8 –11%) and 4% (324 of 8,044; 95%CI, 3 –5%), of emotional violence was 33% (5,147 of 17,994; 95%CI, 25 –40%) and 41% (1,317 of 3,811; 95%CI, 17 –65%) in victimization and perpetration, respectively. Out of all the IPV identified, emotional violence was estimated at the highest level. Conclusion This study demonstrated a high prevalence of IPV both in victimization and perpetration among MSM, and emotional violence was estimated at the highest level out of all IPV forms. Efforts are needed to develop corresponding prevention programs for victims with an intent to increase the accessible availability of health services, and ultimately improve their life quality. Liu M., Cai X., Hao G. et al., Prevalence of Intimate Partner Violence Among Men Who Have Sex With Men: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sex Med 2021;9:100433.
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23
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Thirunavukkarasu B, Khandekar J, Parasha M, Dhiman B, Yadav K. Psychosocial health and its associated factors among Men who have sex with Men in India: A cross-sectional study. Indian J Psychiatry 2021; 63:490-494. [PMID: 34789937 PMCID: PMC8522621 DOI: 10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_18_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM MSM in India experience complex and multiple psychosocial challenges. The current study was conducted with an aim to assess the magnitude and predictors of psychosocial health-related problems including MSM registered in targeted intervention centers in Delhi. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among 235 MSMs. Burden of psychosocial health issues among MSM including depression, anxiety, substance abuse, and partner violence was assessed using semistructured questionnaire. Chi-square test was used to study the association of sociodemographic characteristics and psychosocial issues among the study participants. RESULTS The prevalence of depression, anxiety, substance abuse, and partner violence was 45.1%, 37.8%, 27.6%, and 8%, respectively. Age (<24 years), education up to middle school, and being single had significant association with depression. Being sex worker as occupation had a significant association with anxiety and intimate partner violence. CONCLUSIONS The study reveals a significant burden of psychosocial problems and throws light toward broadening the spectrum of health assessment among this vulnerable group.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Thirunavukkarasu
- Department of Community Medicine, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Jyoti Khandekar
- Department of Community Medicine, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Mamta Parasha
- Department of Community Medicine, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Balraj Dhiman
- Department of Community Medicine, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Kartikey Yadav
- Department of Community Medicine, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India
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24
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Eaton LA, Watson RJ, Maksut JL, Rucinski KB, Earnshaw VA, Berman M. Elevated Perceived Risk for HIV as a Barrier to Accessing Health Care Among Black Men Who Have Sex with Men. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2021; 21:917-925. [PMID: 32504393 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-020-01135-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We sought to examine how self-perception of risk for HIV and HIV status information avoidance are related to HIV testing uptake and engagement in routine health care among Black men who have sex with men (BMSM)-the group at highest risk for HIV in the USA. To do so, we used generalized linear modeling and serial mediation modeling to assess data from 342 HIV-negative BMSM collected from 2017 to 2019 in Atlanta, GA, USA. Participants reported considerable concern for testing HIV-positive; 40% reported believing they would test positive for HIV; 27% reported being "extremely concerned about getting HIV"; and 17% reported worrying about HIV "all the time". Mediation analyses demonstrated that greater concern for HIV was associated with longer intervals since the last HIV test and the last health-care appointment. BMSM perceived themselves to be at considerable risk for HIV, but critically, this outlook did not yield improved health-care behaviors. Findings highlight the need to reconceptualize our public health approach to reaching BMSM. Emphasizing risk behavior and targeting efforts toward BMSM may have unintended consequences and need to be reevaluated. Despite continued efforts to improve HIV-related outcomes, we are failing to meet the needs of BMSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Eaton
- Institute for Collaboration on Health, Intervention, and Policy University of Connecticut, 2006 Hillside Rd, Storrs, CT, 06269-1248, USA
| | - Ryan J Watson
- Institute for Collaboration on Health, Intervention, and Policy University of Connecticut, 2006 Hillside Rd, Storrs, CT, 06269-1248, USA.
| | - Jessica L Maksut
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Katherine B Rucinski
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Valerie A Earnshaw
- Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Delaware, 240 Academy St, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Marcie Berman
- Institute for Collaboration on Health, Intervention, and Policy University of Connecticut, 2006 Hillside Rd, Storrs, CT, 06269-1248, USA
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25
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Emetu RE, Brandt AS, Forster M. Sexual self-concepts among sexual minority men with childhood sexual abuse histories. JOURNAL OF GAY & LESBIAN MENTAL HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/19359705.2020.1838379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta E. Emetu
- Department of Health Sciences, California State University, Northridge, College of Health & Human Development, Northridge, California, USA
| | - Alexis S. Brandt
- Department of Health Sciences, California State University, Northridge, College of Health & Human Development, Northridge, California, USA
| | - Myriam Forster
- Department of Health Sciences, California State University, Northridge, College of Health & Human Development, Northridge, California, USA
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26
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Hall CDX, Moran K, Newcomb ME, Mustanski B. Age of Occurrence and Severity of Childhood Sexual Abuse: Impacts on Health Outcomes in Men Who Have Sex with Men and Transgender Women. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2021; 58:763-774. [PMID: 33215945 PMCID: PMC8134626 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2020.1840497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) is associated with a wide range of health outcomes and is more prevalent among men who have sex with men (MSM) compared to men who have sex with women exclusively and among transgender women (TW) compared to cisgender peers; however, there is a lack of consensus regarding an explanatory theoretical model. This analysis examined these models across health outcomes using baseline data from a longitudinal study of MSM and TW in Chicago (n = 1,035) collected from 2015 to 2019. Severity of CSA was measured for two age ranges (prior to 13 and 13-17). Logistic regression and negative binomial regressions were estimated. Teenage experiences of CSA were associated with alcohol problems, cannabis problems, suicide ideation/attempt, depression, condomless anal sex partners, rectal STI, and HIV. Pre-teenage CSA was associated with alcohol use and depressive symptoms. Significant interactions across age of experience of CSA were found for alcohol problems, cannabis problems, and condomless anal sex partners. Consistent with previous literature, this analysis found CSA to be a significant influence on various health outcomes. No single explanatory framework emerged; however, adolescent exposures may be more closely linked to health outcomes and risk behaviors than pre-teenage or cumulative exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey D. Xavier Hall
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern
University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
- Northwestern University Institute for Sexual and Gender
Minority Health and Wellbeing, Chicago, IL
| | - Kevin Moran
- Northwestern University Institute for Sexual and Gender
Minority Health and Wellbeing, Chicago, IL
| | - Michael E. Newcomb
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern
University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
- Northwestern University Institute for Sexual and Gender
Minority Health and Wellbeing, Chicago, IL
| | - Brian Mustanski
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern
University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
- Northwestern University Institute for Sexual and Gender
Minority Health and Wellbeing, Chicago, IL
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27
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Satyanarayana S, Rogers BG, Bainter SA, Christopoulos KA, Fredericksen RJ, Mathews WC, Moore RD, Mugavero MJ, Napravnik S, Carrico AW, Mimiaga MJ, Mayer KH, Crane HM, Safren SA. Longitudinal Associations of Syndemic Conditions with Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence and HIV Viral Suppression Among HIV-Infected Patients in Primary Care. AIDS Patient Care STDS 2021; 35:220-230. [PMID: 34097465 PMCID: PMC8336208 DOI: 10.1089/apc.2021.0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychosocial syndemic conditions have received more attention regarding their deleterious effects on HIV acquisition risk than for their potential impact on HIV treatment and viral suppression. To examine syndemic conditions' impact on the HIV care continuum, we analyzed data collected from people living with HIV (N = 14,261) receiving care through The Centers for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical Systems at seven sites from 2007 to 2017 who provided patient-reported outcomes ∼4-6 months apart. Syndemic condition count (depression, anxiety, substance use, and hazardous drinking), sexual risk group, and time in care were modeled to predict antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence and viral suppression (HIV RNA <400 copies/mL) using multilevel logistic regression. Comparing patients with each other, odds of ART adherence were 61.6% lower per between-patient syndemic condition [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 0.384; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.362-0.408]; comparing patients with themselves, odds of ART adherence were 36.4% lower per within-patient syndemic condition (AOR = 0.636 95% CI, 0.606-0.667). Odds of viral suppression were 29.3% lower per between-patient syndemic condition (AOR = 0.707; 95% CI, 0.644-0.778) and 27.7% lower per within-patient syndemic condition (AOR = 0.723; 95% CI, 0.671-0.780). Controlling for the effects of adherence (AOR = 5.522; 95% CI, 4.67-6.53), each additional clinic visit was associated with 1.296 times higher odds of viral suppression (AOR = 1.296; 95% CI, 1.22-1.38), but syndemic conditions were not significant. Deploying effective interventions within clinics to identify and treat syndemic conditions and bolster ART adherence and continued engagement in care can help control the HIV epidemic, even within academic medical settings in the era of increasingly potent ART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyanand Satyanarayana
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA.,Address correspondence to: Satyanand Satyanarayana, JD, MS, Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124, USA
| | - Brooke G. Rogers
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA.,Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Sierra A. Bainter
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
| | | | - Rob J. Fredericksen
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - William C. Mathews
- Department of Medicine, UCSD School of Medicine, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Richard D. Moore
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael J. Mugavero
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,Department of Medicine, UAB School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Sonia Napravnik
- Department of Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Adam W. Carrico
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Matthew J. Mimiaga
- UCLA Center for LGBTQ Advocacy, Research, and Health (C-LARAH), Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA.,The Fenway Institute at Fenway Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kenneth H. Mayer
- The Fenway Institute at Fenway Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Massachusetts General Hospital Center for Global Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Heidi M. Crane
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Steven A. Safren
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA.,The Fenway Institute at Fenway Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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28
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Campbell CK. Structural and intersectional biographical disruption: The case of HIV disclosure among a sample of black gay and bisexual men. Soc Sci Med 2021; 280:114046. [PMID: 34051554 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
HIV disclosure has been considered key to prevention and privileged as a "healthy" behavior for people living with HIV. Although research has documented potential negative outcomes of disclosure, we know little about its potential of these consequences to disrupt one's biography, or the intersectional and structural inequities that shape disclosure/nondisclosure and its outcomes. Exploring HIV disclosure as a discrete, measurable event cannot account for the experience of the self in illness, and how disclosure can fundamentally shift everyday reality and social relationships. To fill this gap, I employed the framework of structural intersectionality, and the medical sociology theory of biographical disruption to explore HIV disclosure among a sample of Black gay and bisexual men living with HIV in the Deep South. Between June 2019 and June 2020, I conducted in-depth qualitative interviews with 30 Black gay and bisexual men living with HIV in the Baton Rouge, Louisiana metropolitan area. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim and analyzed using a grounded theory approach. Disruptions as a result of HIV disclosure included: assaults on self; disturbance to social and familial networks; and socioeconomic impacts. Further, findings illustrate that disruptions were not discrete events, but evolved over time, and that the nature of disruption was constituted by previous traumatic disruptions, social and structural contexts, and men's social location at the intersections of race, class, sexuality, HIV-status, and geography. I highlight that consequences of HIV disclosure among a sample of Black gay and bisexual men, were shaped by their unique social location and the persistence of intersecting structural inequities. Future research should account for preceding and cumulative experiences, how intersecting inequities constitute disclosure experiences, and that disclosure is a complex process occurring in the context of ongoing social relations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chadwick K Campbell
- Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of California San Francisco, 550 16th Street, 3rd Floor, San Francisco, CA, 94158, United States; Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco, Box 0612, 490 Illinois Street, Floor 12, San Francisco, CA, 94143, United States.
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29
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Ménard AD, MacIntosh HB. Childhood Sexual Abuse and Adult Sexual Risk Behavior: A Review and Critique. JOURNAL OF CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE 2021; 30:298-331. [PMID: 33403939 DOI: 10.1080/10538712.2020.1869878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) is a global problem with serious repercussions for survivors in various domains of adult interpersonal functioning, including sexual risk behavior. This review aimed to summarize findings from the recent literature on the connections between CSA and later adult sexual risk behaviors (e.g., unprotected intercourse, sexually transmitted infection [STSI] diagnosis). The sexual risk behaviors consistently associated with CSA were having sex under the influence of alcohol/substances and reports of concurrent sexual partners/infidelity. Notably, studies investigating the links between CSA and history of STI diagnosis and CSA and reports of unprotected sex (with the exception of samples comprised men who have sex with men) produced inconsistent findings. The methodological limitations of existing studies are considered and suggestions for future research are offered.
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30
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Antebi-Gruszka N, Scheer JR. Associations Between Trauma-Informed Care Components and Multiple Health and Psychosocial Risks Among LGBTQ Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence. JOURNAL OF MENTAL HEALTH COUNSELING 2021; 43:139-156. [PMID: 34092983 PMCID: PMC8174812 DOI: 10.17744/mehc.43.2.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) individuals disproportionately experience intimate partner violence (IPV) and resulting negative health consequences compared to cisgender heterosexual individuals. This study builds on prior recent work by examining specific trauma-informed care (TIC) components most associated with a comprehensive set of health and psychosocial risks among 298 LGBTQ IPV survivors who sought and accessed trauma-related services (e.g., mental health counseling). Results indicated that TIC components are differentially associated with LGBTQ clients' health and well-being. Specifically, greater perceptions of providers who fostered agency and mutual respect were associated with better outcomes, whereas greater perceptions of providers who focused on culture and increasing opportunities to connect with other survivors were related to negative outcomes. These findings underscore the need for providers to prioritize LGBTQ clients' sense of agency and mutual respect and identify for whom focusing on culture and connecting with other LGBTQ survivors might be beneficial.
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31
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Satyanarayana S, Safren SA, Rogers BG, Bainter SA, Christopoulos KA, Fredericksen RJ, Mathews WC, Moore RD, Mugavero MJ, Napravnik S, Carrico AW, Mimiaga MJ, Mayer KH, Crane HM. Estimating HIV transmissions in a large U.S. clinic-based sample: effects of time and syndemic conditions. J Int AIDS Soc 2021; 24:e25679. [PMID: 33724718 PMCID: PMC7962793 DOI: 10.1002/jia2.25679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Little is known about onward HIV transmissions from people living with HIV (PLWH) in care. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has increased in potency, and treatment as prevention (TasP) is an important component of ending the epidemic. Syndemic theory has informed modelling of HIV risk but has yet to inform modelling of HIV transmissions. METHODS Data were from 61,198 primary HIV care visits for 14,261 PLWH receiving care through the Centers for AIDS Research (CFAR) Network of Integrated Clinical Systems (CNICS) at seven United States (U.S.) sites from 2007 to 2017. Patient-reported outcomes and measures (PROs) of syndemic conditions - depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, drug use (opiates, amphetamines, crack/cocaine) and alcohol use - were collected approximately four to six months apart along with sexual behaviours (mean = 4.3 observations). Counts of syndemic conditions, HIV sexual risk group and time in care were modelled to predict estimated HIV transmissions resulting from sexual behaviour and viral suppression status (HIV RNA < 400/mL) using hierarchical linear modelling. RESULTS Patients averaged 0.38 estimated HIV transmissions/100 patients/year for all visits with syndemic conditions measured (down from 0.83, first visit). The final multivariate model showed that per 100 patients, each care visit predicted 0.05 fewer estimated transmissions annually (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.03 to 0.06; p < 0.0005). Cisgender women, cisgender heterosexual men and cisgender men of undisclosed sexual orientation had, respectively, 0.47 (95% CI: 0.35 to 0.59; p < 0.0005), 0.34 (95% CI: 0.20 to 0.49; p < 0.0005) and 0.22 (95% CI: 0.09 to 0.35; p < 0.005) fewer estimated HIV transmissions/100 patients/year than cisgender men who have sex with men (MSM). Each within-patient syndemic condition predicted 0.18 estimated transmissions/100 patients/year (95% CI: 0.12 to 0.24; p < 0.0005). Each between-syndemic condition predicted 0.23 estimated HIV transmissions/100 patients/year (95% CI: 0.17 to 0.28; p < 0.0005). CONCLUSIONS Estimated HIV transmissions among PLWH receiving care in well-resourced U.S. clinical settings varied by HIV sexual risk group and decreased with time in care, highlighting the importance of TasP efforts. Syndemic conditions remained a significant predictor of estimated HIV transmissions notwithstanding the effects of HIV sexual risk group and time in care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steven A Safren
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of MiamiCoral GablesFLUSA
- The Fenway Institute at Fenway HealthBostonMAUSA
| | - Brooke G Rogers
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of MiamiCoral GablesFLUSA
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityProvidenceRIUSA
| | | | | | - Rob J Fredericksen
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Washington School of MedicineSeattleWAUSA
| | | | | | | | | | - Adam W Carrico
- Department of Public Health SciencesUniversity of Miami School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA
| | - Matthew J Mimiaga
- The Fenway Institute at Fenway HealthBostonMAUSA
- UCLA Center for LGBTQ Advocacy, Research, and Health (C‐LARAH)Los AngelesCAUSA
- Department of EpidemiologyUCLA Fielding School of Public HealthLos AngelesCAUSA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral SciencesUCLA David Geffen School of MedicineLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Kenneth H Mayer
- The Fenway Institute at Fenway HealthBostonMAUSA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Center for Global HealthBostonMAUSA
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Heidi M Crane
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Washington School of MedicineSeattleWAUSA
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32
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Quinn KG, Spector A, Takahashi L, Voisin DR. Conceptualizing the Effects of Continuous Traumatic Violence on HIV Continuum of Care Outcomes for Young Black Men Who Have Sex with Men in the United States. AIDS Behav 2021; 25:758-772. [PMID: 32944841 PMCID: PMC7886964 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-020-03040-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The United States (US) is on track to achieve the 90-90-90 targets set forth by UNAIDS and the National HIV/AIDS strategy, yet significant racial disparities in HIV care outcomes remain, particularly for young Black men who have sex with men (YBMSM). Research has demonstrated that various types of violence are key aspects of syndemics that contribute to disparities in HIV risk. However, little research has looked collectively at cumulative violent experiences and how those might affect HIV treatment and care outcomes. Drawing on extant literature and theoretical underpinnings of syndemics, we provide a conceptual model that highlights how continuous traumatic violence experienced by YBMSM may affect HIV outcomes and contribute to racial disparities in HIV outcomes. The findings of this focused review suggest a need for research on how continuous exposure to various types of violence influence HIV prevention and treatment outcomes for young Black MSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine G Quinn
- Center for AIDS Intervention Research (CAIR), Medical College of Wisconsin, 2071 N. Summit Ave., Milwaukee, WI, 53202, USA.
| | - Antoinette Spector
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Institute for Health Equity, Milwaukee, USA
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Maiorana A, Kegeles SM, Brown S, Williams R, Arnold EA. Substance use, intimate partner violence, history of incarceration and vulnerability to HIV among young Black men who have sex with men in a Southern US city. CULTURE, HEALTH & SEXUALITY 2021; 23:37-51. [PMID: 31944158 PMCID: PMC7363521 DOI: 10.1080/13691058.2019.1688395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In this longitudinal qualitative study we explored the lived experiences of young Black men who have sex with men in Dallas, Texas in relation to methamphetamine use, intimate partner violence and a history of incarceration as syndemic conditions that may contribute to their risk of transmitting or acquiring HIV. We conducted a total of 106 interviews (four repeat interviews every six months) with a cohort of 30 participants. Some reported condomless sex and no discussion about condom use or HIV status with sexual partners. Fifteen participants reported that they were living with HIV. Methamphetamine use contributed to participants' unstable housing, job loss, destructive relationships and HIV risk. One third of participants reported a history of intimate partner violence. About half had a history of incarceration resulting from intimate partner violence, substance use/dealing and/or other activities. Post-release, having a criminal record limited job opportunities and impacted financial stability. Consequently, some men engaged in survival work involving HIV risk (sex work, organising/participating in sex parties). Methamphetamine use, intimate partner violence and incarceration may constitute syndemic conditions that increase young Black men who have sex with men's risk for HIV acquisition and transmission. HIV prevention interventions must address syndemics and include structural factors and the wider social environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Maiorana
- Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of
California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Susan M. Kegeles
- Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of
California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Stephen Brown
- Community, Prevention, and Intervention Unit, University of Texas, Southwestern
| | - Robert Williams
- Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of
California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Emily A. Arnold
- Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of
California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Fu H, Feng T, Wang T, Wu X, Cai Y, Yang T. Reported prevalence of depression or depressive symptoms among men who have sex with men in China, 2004-2018: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2020; 277:192-203. [PMID: 32829195 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a major mental disorder that imposes a considerable burden on health. Men who have sex with men (MSM) are at high risk for depression. Numerous studies have reported the prevalence of depression or depressive symptoms among MSM in China. However, the estimates have varied substantially between studies. This meta-analysis aimed to establish the pooled prevalence of depression or depressive symptoms among Chinese MSM to attract public attention. METHOD A systematic search of several electronic databases and a subsequent manual search was performed to identify relevant studies. A random effects model was adopted to calculate the pooled prevalence of depression or depressive symptoms. Heterogeneity between studies and publication bias was also assessed. RESULTS A total of 54 articles with a sample size of 21,950 MSM were analysed. The pooled prevalence of depression or depressive symptoms among MSM was 40.0% (95% CI: 37.9%-45.0%). Substantial heterogeneity was observed across individual studies. The pooled summary estimate stratified by screening instruments and cutoff scores ranged from 19.0% to 60.2%. Subgroup analysis indicated that survey dates, sampling method, HIV infection status and occupation can partially contribute to the between-study heterogeneity. LIMITATIONS The findings should be interpreted with caution because of several limitations related to the heterogeneity across studies, sampling method and quality assessment. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the reported prevalence of depression or depressive symptoms among Chinese MSM was fairly high. The study suggested that more attention and effective intervention programmes are urgently provided to prevent and improve mental health issues among Chinese MSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanlin Fu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, XiangYa School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410078, China; HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control Division, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518000, China
| | - Tiejian Feng
- HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control Division, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518000, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, XiangYa School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410078, China
| | - Xiaobing Wu
- Department of STD control and prevention, Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518020, China
| | - Yumao Cai
- Department of STD control and prevention, Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518020, China
| | - Tubao Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, XiangYa School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410078, China.
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Quinn KG, Voisin DR. ART Adherence Among Men Who Have Sex with Men Living with HIV: Key Challenges and Opportunities. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep 2020; 17:290-300. [PMID: 32557117 DOI: 10.1007/s11904-020-00510-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In the USA, gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM) are disproportionately affected by HIV. High levels of adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) can dramatically improve outcomes for persons living with HIV and reduce the risk of HIV transmission to others. Yet, there are numerous individual, social, and structural barriers to optimal ART adherence. Many of these factors disproportionately impact Black MSM and may contribute to their poorer rates of ART adherence. This review synthesizes the key challenges and intervention opportunities to improve ART adherence among MSM in the USA. RECENT FINDINGS Key challenges to ART adherence include stigma, violence, depression, and substance use. Black MSM are significantly disadvantaged by several of these factors. There are several promising interventions to improve ART adherence among MSM, and there remains an opportunity to culturally tailor these to the needs of Black MSM populations to enhance adherence. Despite high rates of HIV among MSM, there continues to be a paucity of research on the various contributors to poor ART adherence among this population. Similarly, few interventions have been tested that lead to increased and sustained ART adherence among Black MSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine G Quinn
- Center for AIDS Intervention Research (CAIR), Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 2071 N. Summit, Milwaukee, WI, 53202, USA.
| | - Dexter R Voisin
- Factor-Intwentash School of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Okafor CN, Li MJ, Hucks-Ortiz C, Mayer KH, Shoptaw S. Disclosure of HIV Status and HIV Sexual Transmission Behaviors among HIV-Positive Black Men Who Have Sex with Men in the BROTHERS (HPTN 061) Study. J Urban Health 2020; 97:692-703. [PMID: 32020466 PMCID: PMC7560677 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-020-00419-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We assessed whether disclosure of HIV status is significantly associated with reported HIV sexual risk behaviors among HIV positive Black/African American men who have sex with men (MSM) (Black MSM) in six cities in the USA. Participants from the BROTHERS (HIV Prevention Trials Network [HPTN 061]) study focused on assessing the feasibility and acceptability of a multifaceted HIV prevention intervention to reduce HIV infections among Black MSM enrolled between July 2009 and October 2010. All participants completed a behavioral assessment using an audio computer-assisted self-interview that included questions about HIV status disclosure, HIV sexual risk behaviors, and other behaviors. Biological samples were also collected. This analysis focused on baseline data of HIV-positive Black MSM in the HPTN 061 study. Of the 143 HIV-positive Black MSM (majority ≥ 35 years of age) included in this analysis, 58% reported disclosing their HIV status to their last male anal sex partner. Forty-three percent and 42% reported condomless insertive and receptive anal intercourse respectively with their last male partner; whereas, 17% and 18% of the sample engaged in condomless insertive and receptive anal intercourse with a serodiscordant/unknown status partner, respectively. In multivariable logistic regression models, there was no statistically significant association between HIV status disclosure and condomless insertive anal intercourse (aOR = 0.35, 95% CI 0.11, 1.08; p = 0.30), condomless receptive anal intercourse (aOR = 2.48, 95% CI 0.94, 6.52; p = 0.20), or condomless receptive anal intercourse with a serodiscordant/unknown status partner (aOR = 0.55, 95% CI 0.20, 1.49; p = 0.45). However, HIV status disclosure was significantly associated with lower odds of reporting condomless insertive anal intercourse with a serodiscordant/unknown status partner (aOR = 0.19, 95% CI 0.06, 0.68; p ≤ 0.01). Among this multi-city sample of HIV-positive Black MSM, disclosure of HIV status was common and associated with lower HIV sexual risk behaviors. These findings should motivate and guide research to develop prevention messages to increase HIV status disclosures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chukwuemeka N Okafor
- Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
- Center for Behavioral and Addiction Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
- Department of Family Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
| | - Michael J Li
- Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
- Center for Behavioral and Addiction Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
- Department of Family Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Christopher Hucks-Ortiz
- CommonSpirit Health, Dignity Health, CARE Clinic, St. Mary Medical Center, Long Beach, CA, USA
| | - Kenneth H Mayer
- The Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steve Shoptaw
- Center for Behavioral and Addiction Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
- Department of Family Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
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Dangerfield DT, Heidari O, Cooper J, Allen S, Lucas GM. Motivations for opioid and stimulant use among drug using black sexual minority men: A life course perspective. Drug Alcohol Depend 2020; 215:108224. [PMID: 32777690 PMCID: PMC7502465 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION HIV-related disparities persist among U.S. Black sexual minority men (BSMM). Generational differences in drug use trends and the HIV/AIDS epidemic have created different risk trajectories for BSMM. This study explored age-related differences in the profiles, motivations, and contexts of opioid and stimulant use among drug using BSMM. METHODS Participants were recruited using active and passive strategies and in-depth qualitative interviews were conducted among 30 BSMM in Baltimore, MD from December 2018 to March 2019. Exploratory drug testing was conducted to confirm drug use and identify the presence of synthetic materials. Thematic analysis was conducted guided by Life Course theoretical domains. RESULTS Participants' ages ranged from 25-63 (mean age 41, SD = 12.4); 40 % were under age 35, 60 % were age 35 and older. Most (86.7 %) were living with HIV. Older BSMM attributed drug use initiation to social trends and sexual partners; younger men shared that prescription painkiller use led to misuse to address emotional pain. Across age groups, childhood sexual abuse and other major events along the life course increased BSMM's drug use as a coping strategy. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION HIV and drug use interventions should support BSMM through targeted mental health services and trauma-informed healthcare models.
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Walters SM, Braksmajer A, Coston B, Yoon I, Grov C, Downing MJ, Teran R, Hirshfield S. A Syndemic Model of Exchange Sex Among HIV-Positive Men Who Have Sex With Men. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2020; 49:1965-1978. [PMID: 31965453 PMCID: PMC7321855 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-020-01628-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Exchange sex is a behavior associated with HIV transmission risk among men who have sex with men (MSM). Few studies have examined exchange sex among HIV-positive MSM. We utilize a syndemic framework to account for co-occurring psychosocial problems that suggest the presence of intertwining epidemics (i.e., syndemics), which have not been examined within the context of exchange sex among HIV-positive MSM. In 2015, MSM were recruited via online sexual networking Web site and app advertisements for Sex Positive![+], a video-based online intervention that aimed to improve health outcomes for men living with HIV. Participants completed surveys every three months for a year. Surveys covered demographics, drug use, exchange sex, intimate partner violence (IPV), and past 2-week depressive symptoms. We conducted three logistic regression models to assess syndemic factors associated with exchange sex in the past 3 months. Of the 722 HIV-positive MSM included in the sample, 59 (8%) reported exchange sex in the past 3 months at 12-month follow-up. HIV-positive MSM who had more syndemic factors had greater odds of exchange sex. Exchange sex was associated with being African-American/Black, age 18-29 years, past and present experiences with IPV, stimulant use, polysubstance use, and depressive symptoms. Exchange sex was associated with multiple psychosocial factors, indicating exchange sex may be part of a syndemic involving substance use, depression, HIV, and IPV. Interventions should address the social and behavioral circumstances that perpetuate environments that can foster multiple negative health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzan M Walters
- Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, 380 2nd Ave., Suite 306, NY 10010, New York, NY, USA.
- Center for Drug Use and HIV/HCV Research, New York, NY, USA.
| | | | - Bethany Coston
- Department of Gender, Sexuality, and Women's Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Irene Yoon
- Research and Advisory, Gartner L2, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christian Grov
- CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy and the CUNY Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Richard Teran
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sabina Hirshfield
- Department of Medicine, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
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Emetu RE, Yarber WL, Sherwood-Laughlin CM, Brandt AS. Self-Reported Sexual Behavioral Similarities and Differences Among Young Men Who Have Sex With Men With Childhood Sexual Abuse Histories: A Qualitative Exploratory Study. Am J Mens Health 2020; 14:1557988320949355. [PMID: 32772691 PMCID: PMC7418259 DOI: 10.1177/1557988320949355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Young men who have sex with men (YMSM) have the highest burden of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV. Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) is a risk factor for high-risk sexual behavior and STI acquisition. Studies that have explored sexual behavior based on the type of reported sexual abuse are limited. This study aimed to further understand current sexual behaviors and perceptions among YMSM that have experienced different types of CSA. Sixteen YMSM who were survivors of CSA were interviewed utilizing a phenomenological conceptual framework and methodology. Thematic findings were divided into two parts. Part I gave an overview of the entire sample, and themes were as follows: unprotected oral sex used to evaluate penile abnormalities, trust promoting unprotected sex, and alcohol and other drugs not cited as the reason for casual sex. Part II demonstrated the differences among those with a history of CSA involving non-penile-anal intercourse and those with a history of CSA involving penile-anal intercourse. The major themes in Part II were that victims of CSA involving penile-anal intercourse reported the following: a hypersexual self-definition, an STI diagnosis and noncondom use history, and a third sexual partner during sexual activity. Based on the findings, early life experiences such as CSA should be considered when developing preventative sexual health strategies and individuals who experienced penetrative sexual abuse may have different needs which should be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta E. Emetu
- Department of Health Science, College of Health & Human Development, California State University, Northridge, CA, USA
| | - William L. Yarber
- Department of Applied Health Science, Rural Center for AIDS/STD Prevention, The Kinsey Institute for Research in Sex, Gender, and Reproduction, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | | | - Alexis S. Brandt
- Department of Health Science, College of Health & Human Development, California State University, Northridge, CA, USA
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Connecting the dots: a comparison of network analysis and exploratory factor analysis to examine psychosocial syndemic indicators among HIV-negative sexual minority men. J Behav Med 2020; 43:1026-1040. [PMID: 32361793 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-020-00148-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Syndemics, or comorbid and mutually reinforcing psychosocial problems, are associated with increased HIV risk among men who have sex with men (MSM). Although the dynamic interplay among syndemic indicators is theorized to be crucial for increasing risk of HIV acquisition, novel approaches are needed to understand how these syndemic problems interrelate. This study examined the associations between nine self-reported syndemic indicators in 194 MSM at high risk of HIV acquisition. We compared exploratory factor analyses (EFA) to a network analysis. In the present study, network analysis consisted of edges representing bidirectional partial polychoric correlations between nodes, which represent psychosocial syndemic indicators. EFA yielded a 1-factor solution including suicidal ideation (SI), injection drug use (IDU), depression, social anxiety, intimate partner violence, substance use, and sexual compulsivity, and excluded heavy drinking and childhood sexual abuse. Network analysis yielded a pattern of interconnectedness with the most central nodes being SI, IDU, substance use, and depression. Statistically significant relationships (absolute edge weights) were found between SI and depression, social anxiety, and IDU, and IDU and substance use. These results suggest that depression and substance use, especially more severe presentations of these conditions such as SI and IDU, are prominent interconnected components of the HIV syndemic among MSM at high risk for HIV acquisition. SI, IDU, substance use, and depression may indeed be prudent targets of intervention. Future research on the inclusion of these syndemic indicators in analytical models involving interaction terms may be warranted.
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Downing MJ, Benoit E, Brown D, Coe L, Hirshfield S, Pansulla L, Carballo-Diéguez A. Early Sexual Experiences, Mental Health, and Risk Behavior among Black Non-Hispanic and Hispanic / Latino Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM). JOURNAL OF CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE 2020; 29:41-61. [PMID: 31697197 PMCID: PMC7035177 DOI: 10.1080/10538712.2019.1685618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Black and Latino men who have sex with men (MSM) are disproportionately affected by childhood sexual abuse (CSA). Investigating these histories is often confounded by underreporting and varied definitions of abuse. Unrecognized abuse may manifest in unhealthy ways, specifically psychological distress, substance use, and high-risk sexual behaviors. Black and Hispanic/Latino MSM in New York City discussed formative sexual experiences in in-person interviews. Eligible men reported a sexual experience occurring before age 16 with a man or woman 18 or older at the time. Among interviewees (n = 61), men living with HIV were significantly younger at the time of their first sexual experience with a male partner compared to HIV-negative men. Approximately half of interviewees (47.5%) scored at or above the diagnostic cutoff for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Hispanic/Latino men had increased odds of scoring at or above the diagnostic cutoff for PTSD compared to Black non-Hispanic men. Further, nearly half of interviewees (46%) scored at or above the diagnostic cutoff for harmful drug use or possible drug dependence. Study findings have implications for future research using an indirect approach to uncovering potential sexual abuse during childhood, and associations with adult health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J Downing
- Department of Psychology, Lehman College of the City University of New York (CUNY), Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Ellen Benoit
- North Jersey Community Research Initiative, Inc., Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Dominique Brown
- New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lauren Coe
- New York City Department of Education, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sabina Hirshfield
- Department of Medicine, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Louis Pansulla
- The Institute for Clinical Social Work, Chicago, IL, USA
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Jiang H, Li J, Tan Z, Chen X, Cheng W, Gong X, Yang Y. Syndemic Factors and HIV Risk Among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Guangzhou, China: Evidence from Synergy and Moderated Analyses. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2020; 49:311-320. [PMID: 31617111 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-019-01488-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Syndemic factors tend to co-occur and increase the risks of condomless anal intercourse (CAI), multiple sexual partners (MSP) and HIV vulnerability among men who have sex with men (MSM). This study aimed to test the synergistic effects of syndemic factors on HIV risk and to further explore the moderators between syndemics and HIV risk among Chinese MSM. A cross-sectional study was conducted to recruit MSM in Guangzhou to collect data on syndemic factors (depression, intimate partner violence, childhood sexual abuse [CSA], alcohol, and rush popper use before anal sex). The relative excess risk due to interactions (RERIs) was calculated to test the synergy in adjusted regression models. A moderated analysis was conducted to test the buffer effects of potential resilience factors (education and income). Among the 976 included MSM, individuals experiencing more syndemic factors were more likely to have CAI (odds ratio [OR]= 1.26, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.11-1.44), MSP (OR= 1.33, 95% CI 1.16-1.52), and HIV infection (OR= 1.46, 95% CI 1.12-1.90). RERIs showed a synergy of depression and rush popper use prior to sex for MSP (1.17, 95% CI 0.03-2.03) and CSA and rush popper use prior to sex for HIV infection (1.72, 95% CI 0.05-3.43). However, no significant association was found for the interaction between the number of syndemic factors and education or income. Our findings support the synergy approach in syndemic studies and highlight the need for comprehensive and multifactorial intervention strategies on sexual health of MSM. Future studies are needed to identify potential resilience factors among Chinese MSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 283 Jianghai Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 283 Jianghai Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhimin Tan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 283 Jianghai Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobin Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 283 Jianghai Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weibin Cheng
- Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Gong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 283 Jianghai Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 283 Jianghai Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, China.
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The Relationship between Childhood Maltreatment and Risky Sexual Behaviors: A Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16193666. [PMID: 31569567 PMCID: PMC6801672 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16193666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Childhood maltreatment is associated with risky sexual behaviors (RSBs). Previous systematic reviews and meta-analysis focused only on the relationship between childhood sexual abuse and RSBs, thus the association between childhood maltreatment and RSBs has yet to be systematically and quantitatively reviewed. We aimed to provide a systematic meta-analysis exploring the effect of childhood maltreatment and its subtypes on subsequent RSBs in adolescence and adulthood. PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, Medline were searched for qualified articles up to April 2019. We calculated the pooled risk estimates using either the random-effect model or fixed-effect model. The potential heterogeneity moderators were identified by subgroup and sensitivity analysis. Overall, childhood maltreatment was significantly associated with an early sexual debut (odds ratio (OR) = 2.22; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.64–3.00), multiple sexual partners (OR = 2.22; 95% CI: 1.78–2.76), transactional sex (OR = 3.05; 95% CI: 1.92–4.86) and unprotected sex (OR = 1.59; 95% CI: 1.22-2.09). Additionally, different types of childhood maltreatment were also significantly associated with higher risk of RSBs. Relevant heterogeneity moderators have been identified by subgroup analysis. Sensitivity analysis yielded consistent results. Childhood maltreatment is significantly associated with risky sexual behaviors. The current meta-analysis indicates it is vital to protect children from any types of maltreatment and provide health education and support for maltreated individuals.
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O'Cleirigh C, Safren SA, Taylor SW, Goshe BM, Bedoya CA, Marquez SM, Boroughs MS, Shipherd JC. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Trauma and Self-Care (CBT-TSC) in Men Who have Sex with Men with a History of Childhood Sexual Abuse: A Randomized Controlled Trial. AIDS Behav 2019; 23:2421-2431. [PMID: 30993478 PMCID: PMC7271561 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-019-02482-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
To address childhood sexual abuse (CSA) related distress and HIV risk in men who have sex with men (MSM) using cognitive-behavioral therapy for trauma and self-care (CBT-TSC), which is a novel intervention integrating HIV risk reduction with modified cognitive and behavioral therapy strategies for post-traumatic stress. We compared CBT-TSC to HIV voluntary counseling and testing (VCT)-only in an initial 2-arm RCT in 43 HIV-negative MSM at with a history of CSA and HIV risk. Serodiscordant condomless anal/vaginal sex (CAS; CAS with HIV-postive or HIV unknown status partners) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms (Davidson Trauma Scale: total score and avoidance, intrusions, hyperarousal subscales) were outcomes immediately post-treatment, and at 6- and 9-month follow-up. At post-treatment, CBT-TSC had decreased odds (approximately 60%) of any CAS and greater reductions in CAS compared to VCT-only. Additionally, the CBT-TSC condition experienced greater reductions in total PTSD and avoidance symptoms. At the follow-up visits, CBT-TSC condition had significant reductions in the odds of any CAS and reductions in CAS. However, for PTSD symptoms, only the avoidance subscale remained significantly different compared to VCT-only. CBT-TSC is a potentially efficacious approach to address HIV risk in MSM with a CSA history, with replication and extension in a larger trial needed. This proof-of-concept trial is the first to integrate the treatment of a commonly occurring mental-health syndemic problem in MSM with a health psychology approach to self-care in MSM.Trial Registration Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01266122.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conall O'Cleirigh
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, One Bowdoin Square, 7th Floor, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- The Fenway Institute of Fenway Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Steven A Safren
- The Fenway Institute of Fenway Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - S Wade Taylor
- The Fenway Institute of Fenway Health, Boston, MA, USA
- School of Social Work, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brett M Goshe
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, One Bowdoin Square, 7th Floor, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C Andres Bedoya
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, One Bowdoin Square, 7th Floor, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samantha M Marquez
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, One Bowdoin Square, 7th Floor, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- The Fenway Institute of Fenway Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Jillian C Shipherd
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Women's Health Sciences Division, National Center for PTSD, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, LGBT Health Program, Washington, DC, USA
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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45
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Harkness A, Bainter SA, O'Cleirigh C, Albright C, Mayer KH, Safren SA. Longitudinal Effects of Syndemics on HIV-Positive Sexual Minority Men's Sexual Health Behaviors. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2019; 48:1159-1170. [PMID: 30868437 PMCID: PMC6586562 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-018-1329-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the longitudinal effects of co-occurring psychosocial concerns, or syndemics, on HIV-positive sexual minority men's likelihood of engaging in serodiscordant condomless anal sex (CAS), a health behavior with implications for personal and public health. Participants included 390 HIV-positive sexual minority men from two prior secondary prevention trials. Over the course of the 1-year data collection period (up to 5 observations per participant), participants completed self-report measures of CAS, as well as six syndemic factors: post-traumatic stress disorder, childhood sexual abuse, depression, anxiety, alcohol abuse, and polysubstance/stimulant use. We employed multilevel modeling to examine the longitudinal additive effect of syndemics on serodiscordant CAS (binary) over the 1-year period. The number of syndemic conditions was a significant predictor of CAS, with each additional syndemic associated with 1.41 greater odds of CAS (p = .0004; 95% CI [1.16, 1.70]). Both the between-person (p = .0121, 95% CI [1.07, 1.69]) and within-person (p = .01, 95% CI [1.11, 2.10]) effects of syndemics were significant predictors, showing that an increase in the number of syndemic conditions across person and time both increased odds of CAS. Interventions addressing HIV-positive sexual minority men's sexual health behaviors should address the potential impact of co-occurring psychosocial concerns that affect these behaviors. This will benefit this population's personal sexual health and reduce transmission of HIV and STIs among sexual minority men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Harkness
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, 33146-2510, USA.
| | - Sierra A Bainter
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, 33146-2510, USA
| | - Conall O'Cleirigh
- The Fenway Institute, Fenway Community Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christopher Albright
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, 33146-2510, USA
| | - Kenneth H Mayer
- The Fenway Institute, Fenway Community Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steven A Safren
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, 33146-2510, USA
- The Fenway Institute, Fenway Community Health, Boston, MA, USA
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46
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Harris OO, Dunn LL. "I Kept It to Myself": Young Jamaican Men Who Have Sex with Men's Experiences with Childhood Sexual Abuse and Sexual Assault. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2019; 48:1227-1238. [PMID: 29951864 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-018-1219-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of HIV is exceptionally high among Jamaican men who have sex with men (JMSM) compared to similar populations within the Caribbean. A noticeable gap in the literature is the impact of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and sexual assault on the state of the epidemic among this population. This study focused on JMSM's experiences with CSA and sexual assault and how these domains relate to HIV prevention. We analyzed qualitative data from 20 semi-structured in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with 10 men. Common themes emerged that highlight the patterns and nature of the abuse, the characteristics of the perpetrators, and the ways in which participants engage agency and resiliency as a basis to reclaim personal power. These findings serve as a catalyst for understanding how experiences with CSA and sexual assault affect the lives of young JMSM; how those experiences may impact attitudes and behaviors regarding HIV testing, engagement in care; and have implications for shaping legal policy, clinical, and mental health services for JMSM survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orlando O Harris
- Department of Community Health Systems, School of Nursing, University of California-San Francisco, 2 Koret Way, N 505E, PO Box 0608, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0608, USA.
| | - Leith Lorraine Dunn
- Gender Development Studies, Mona Campus Unit, University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
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Jiang H, Chen X, Li J, Tan Z, Cheng W, Yang Y. Predictors of condom use behavior among men who have sex with men in China using a modified information-motivation-behavioral skills (IMB) model. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:261. [PMID: 30832640 PMCID: PMC6399930 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-6593-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Men who have sex with men (MSM) are at high risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in China. Correct and consistent condom use is one of the most effective strategies for preventing the spread of HIV. This study developed a modified Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills (IMB) model to predict condom use behavior among Chinese MSM. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted to collect data using self-administered electronic questionnaire. Participants were recruited from HIV Voluntary Counseling and Testing clinics in six district Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Guangzhou and two community-based HIV service centers (Lingnan Partners and Zhitong Charity) from May to September 2017. Structural equation modeling was performed to develop the modified IMB model with extended multilevel factors. Results Among the 976 MSM included, 52.05% had engaged in anal intercourse with a condom every time. The final modified IMB model fitted the data more ideally than the conventional model. The final modified IMB model revealed that behavioral skills positively contributed directly to condom use (β = 0.385, p < 0.001) and partially mediated the associations between information (β = 0.106, p = 0.005) and motivation (β = 0.390, p < 0.001) and condom use. Regarding the extended multilevel factors, education, income, receiving HIV prevention services, sexual partner seeking behavior, depression, intimate partner violence, and child sexual abuse had indirect impacts on condom use that were mediated by information, motivation, and/or behavioral skills (p < 0.05). All paths from the latent variable to the corresponding observed variables were statistically significant (p < 0.001). Conclusion The modified IMB model with extended multilevel factors could serve as a theoretical framework for behavioral interventions for condom use among Chinese MSM. Further prospective studies are needed to examine the predictive power of the modified IMB model. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-019-6593-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 283 Jianghai Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobin Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 283 Jianghai Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 283 Jianghai Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhimin Tan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 283 Jianghai Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weibin Cheng
- Department of AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 1 Qide Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 283 Jianghai Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, China.
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48
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Ding R, Wen X, He P, Guo C, Luo Y, Song X, Zheng X. Association Between Childhood and Adolescent Sexual Abuse Experiences and High-Risk Sexual Behaviors Among Chinese Youth. Sex Med 2018; 6:273-281. [PMID: 30449477 PMCID: PMC6302131 DOI: 10.1016/j.esxm.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Adolescents are at high risk for negative health outcomes associated with high-risk sexual behaviors (HRSBs), and researchers have attempted to identify factors that influence such behavior so that meaningful prevention and intervention programs may be developed. Aim To investigate the associations between CSA experience and HRSBs in Chinese youth aged 15-24 years old. Methods Data were from the Survey of Youth Access to Reproductive Health in China, a national sample survey conducted in 2009. The following behaviors were classified as HRSBs: condom non-use during the first sexual experience, having sex with multiple partners, taking part in casual sex, engaging in commercial sex, taking part in anal sex, and condom non-use during the most recent sexual encounter. Differences in HRSBs between the sexes were examined. The χ2 test and binary logistic regression were used to estimate the association between CSA experience and HRSBs. Main Outcome Measure The sexual behaviors of condom non-use during the first sexual experience, sexual activity with multiple partners, taking part in casual sex, engaging in commercial sex (defined as paying or receiving money/gifts in exchange for sex), taking part in anal sex, and condom non-using during the most recent sexual intercourse were classified as HRSBs. Results 4,974 Sexually active youth were included in this study, 150 respondents (3.0%) reported CSA experience, and 3,950 (79.4%) sexually active youth had engaged in at least 1 type of HRSBs. The odds of having sex with multiple partners (odds ratio [OR] 4.31, 95% CI 3.07–6.07), casual sex (OR 3.65, 95% CI 2.55–5.24), commercial sex (OR 7.43, 95% CI 5.13–10.77), anal copulation (OR 2.54, 95% CI 1.57–4.12), or any of these HRSBs (OR 5.02, 95% CI 2.33–10.80) were significantly higher among those who had experienced CSA. There was a gender-specific difference in the associations of CSA with different types of HRSBs. Conclusion Sexual abuse experience in childhood is highly correlated with HRSBs among Chinese youth, and the pattern of this association differs between males and females. Public knowledge and social assistance systems needs to be improved for children and youth in China. Gender-specific counter-measures may be more efficient for interventions. Ding R, Wen X, He P, et al. Association Between Childhood and Adolescent Sexual Abuse Experiences and High-Risk Sexual Behaviors Among Chinese Youth. Sex Med 2018;6:273–281.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoxi Ding
- Institute of Population Research, Peking University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xu Wen
- Institute of Population Research, Peking University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping He
- China Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao Guo
- Institute of Population Research, Peking University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanan Luo
- Institute of Population Research, Peking University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinming Song
- Institute of Population Research, Peking University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Corresponding Author: Xiaoying Zheng, Institute of Population Research, Peking University, Yi He Yuan Lu No. 5, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China. Tel: 8610-62751974; Fax: 8610-62751974
| | - Xiaoying Zheng
- Institute of Population Research, Peking University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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49
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Wu E. Childhood sexual abuse among Black men who have sex with men: A cornerstone of a syndemic? PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206746. [PMID: 30383859 PMCID: PMC6211721 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The sequelae of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) includes HIV infection, engagement in HIV risk behaviors, substance misuse, and intimate partner violence (IPV). Although Black men who have sex with men (MSM) are disproportionately infected with HIV in the U.S.—especially in urban locations such as New York City—there is limited research with larger samples of Black MSM of varied HIV status regarding the prevalence of CSA and the potential negative consequence with respect to a “syndemic,” i.e., the co-occurrence of adverse conditions such as HIVrisk, substance misuse, and IPV. Methods Black MSM (N = 1,002) recruited in New York City from 2009–2015 completed a screening assessment eliciting self-reported data on age, CSA, self-reported HIV status, number of male sexual partners, number of acts of condomless anal intercourse (CAI), substance misuse, and IPV. Hypothesis testing utilized logistic and linear regression models with self-reported data on CSA (independent variable) and indicators of the following syndemic factors: HIV risk, substance misuse, and IPV. Results More than one-fourth (28.1%) met criteria for experiencing CSA. CSA was associated with significantly greater odds of being HIV-positive (AOR = 1.5; 95% CI = 1.1–2.0); number of male sexual partners (b = 2.0, SE = 0.5, p = .002) and condomless acts of anal intercourse (b = 4.3, SE = 1.6, p = .007); odds of binge drinking (AOR = 1.5; 95% CI = 1.1–2.0) and illicit substance use (AOR = 1.5; 95% CI = 1.1–2.0); and odds of experiencing current IPV (AOR = 1.7; 95% CI = 1.2–2.3). CSA was associated with significantly greater odds of concurrently experiencing 2 or more syndemic factors (AOR = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.4–2.9, p < .001); concurrently experiencing 2 or more syndemic factors was significantly associated with having a riskier HIV status (for being HIV-positive: AOR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.1–2.1, p = .02; for having an unknown HIV status: AOR = 3.7, 95% CI = 1.9–12.9, p = .04). Conclusions Among Black MSM, CSA is a prevalent problem and is a significant antecedent to HIV, substance misuse, and IPV indicators and risk. Addressing CSA may be a valuable approach to remedy the syndemic of HIV, substance misuse, and violence that has burdened MSM, especially Black MSM, in the U.S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elwin Wu
- Social Intervention Group, Columbia University School of Social Work, New York, NY, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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50
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Liu Y, Zhang Y, Ning Z, Zheng H, Ding Y, Gao M, Wong FY, He N. Intimate partner violence victimization and HIV infection among men who have sex with men in Shanghai, China. Biosci Trends 2018; 12:142-148. [PMID: 29760357 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2018.01035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) and its association with HIV infection among men who have sex men (MSM) in China are not understood. In this study, 732 MSM recruited from Shanghai, China between March and August 2015 were administered with a questionnaire survey and HIV blood testing. IPV victimization was measured by 25 forced-choice items capturing lifetime experience of physical, sexual, psychological, deprivation or neglect, and other forms of violence. Of them, 179 (24.3%) reported having experienced at least one type of IPV victimization. In separate multivariable analyses, sexual violence was associated with age over 35 years (AOR = 0.26, 95% CI: 0.07-1.02), ever had male-to-male commercial sex (AOR = 2.53, 95%CI: 1.19-5.39), and diagnosis of a sexually transmitted infection (STI) (AOR = 2.14, 95%CI: 0.98-4.66). Both psychological violence (AOR = 2.53, 95%CI: 1.25-5.12)and deprivation or neglect violence (AOR = 1.75, 95%CI: 1.14-2.68) were associated with ever had sex with a casual male partner(s). Having experienced at least one type of IPV victimization was significantly associated with ever had sex with a causal partner(s) (AOR = 1.72, 95%CI: 1.15-2.57) and ever had a diagnosis of a STI (AOR = 1.80, 95% CI: 1.12-2.88). HIV infection was marginally associated with having experienced any form of IPV victimization. IPV victimization is common among MSM, especially young MSM, in China, although its association with HIV infection is not conclusive in our sample. Nonetheless, our findings highlight the importance of the needs of individualized IPV interventions for certain target risk groups of MSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, and the Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Fudan University.,Putuo District Center for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Yuyan Zhang
- Putuo District Center for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Zhen Ning
- Shanghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention
| | | | - Yingying Ding
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, and the Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Fudan University
| | - Meiyang Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, and the Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University
| | - Frank Y Wong
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, and the Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University.,Department of Tropical Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa.,Department of Psychology, College of Social Sciences, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa
| | - Na He
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, and the Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Fudan University
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