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Anderson VA, Anbalagan S, Favara MT, Stark D, Carola D, Solarin KO, Adeniyi-Jones S, Aghai ZH. Sex-Related Differences in the Severity of Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome: A Single-Center, Retrospective Cohort Study. Am J Perinatol 2024. [PMID: 39074806 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1788717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Factors associated with the development and expression of Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome (NOWS) are poorly understood. There are conflicting data on the role of infant sex in NOWS. Some studies have suggested that infant sex predicts NOWS severity and adverse outcomes, with male infants being more vulnerable. This study aimed to analyze if infant sex is associated with the severity of NOWS among those who require pharmacologic treatment. STUDY DESIGN This is a retrospective cohort study of term and late-preterm infants (≥35 weeks gestation) exposed to in utero opioids, born between September 2006 and August 2022, and required pharmacologic treatment for NOWS. Maternal and infant demographics were collected. Indicators of the severity of NOWS (duration of medical treatment (DOT), duration of hospitalization, maximum dose of opioid treatment, and use of secondary medications) were compared between male and female infants. Standard statistical tests and regression analysis were used to establish the differences in outcomes after accounting for confounders and baseline differences. RESULTS Out of the 1,074 infants included in the study, 47.9% were female, and 52.1% were male. There was no significant difference in demographic and baseline clinical characteristics between groups except for anthropometry (birth weight, head circumference, and length) and Apgar score at 5 minutes. The median DOT (25 days [14, 39] vs. 23 days [13, 39], p = 0.57), length of hospital stay (31.5 days [20, 44] vs. 28 days [20, 44], p = 0.35), treatment with phenobarbital (24.7 vs. 26.3%, p = 0.56), and clonidine (3.9 vs. 3.8%, p = 0.9) were similar in both groups. The differences remained nonsignificant after adjusting for birth anthropometric measurements, gestational age, 5-minute Apgar score, small for gestational age status, and maternal exposure to benzodiazepines. CONCLUSION In this cohort of neonates, sex-related differences were not identified to influence the severity of NOWS among those who required pharmacological treatment. KEY POINTS · Vulnerability to NOWS is multifactorial.. · The role of infant sex in the severity of NOWS is not concrete.. · We noted that sex did not impact NOWS severity in those treated..
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria A Anderson
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Saminathan Anbalagan
- Department of Pediatrics/Neonatology, Thomas Jefferson University/Nemours, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pediatrics/Neonatology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Michael T Favara
- Department of Pediatrics/Neonatology, ChristianaCare Hospital, Newark, Delaware
| | - Daniela Stark
- Department of Pediatrics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - David Carola
- Department of Pediatrics/Neonatology, Thomas Jefferson University/Nemours, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kolawole O Solarin
- Department of Pediatrics/Neonatology, Thomas Jefferson University/Nemours, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Susan Adeniyi-Jones
- Department of Pediatrics/Neonatology, Thomas Jefferson University/Nemours, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Zubair H Aghai
- Department of Pediatrics/Neonatology, Thomas Jefferson University/Nemours, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Xie T, Mao Y. The causal impact of maternal smoking around birth on offspring ADHD: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study. J Affect Disord 2024; 351:24-30. [PMID: 38266926 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The previous literature highlights a relationship between maternal smoking around birth (MSAB) and offspring attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). These studies have focused on the causal effects of MSAB on offspring ADHD. METHOD A Mendelian randomization analysis was conducted using summary statistics. Data on MSAB were obtained from a recent study including 391,992 participants. ADHD data were obtained from six sources for 246,888 participants. The present study used five methods to examine the causal impact from outcomes on exposures. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) was the main method of analysis, while the other four methods were supplementary methods. RESULT The IVW revealed that MSAB was a risk factor for offspring ADHD (OR: 2.54; 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 1.61-4.00, p = 6.04 × 10-5). Concerning ADHD in both sexes, MSAB was associated with females (OR = 3.96, 95 % CI: 1.99-7.90, p = 8.98 × 10-5) and males (OR = 3.74, 95 % CI: 1.74-5.72, p = 1.48 × 10-4). In different diagnosis periods for ADHD, MSAB increased the risk of childhood (OR = 3.63, 95 % CI: 2.25-5.87, p = 1.31 × 10-7), late-diagnosed (OR = 2.99, 95 % CI: 1.74-5.14, p = 7.33 × 10-5), and persistent (OR = 4.77, 95 % CI: 1.88-12.14, p = 1.03 × 10-3) ADHD. The final analysis did not reveal heterogeneity. CONCLUSIONS A causal impact of MSAB on offspring ADHD was observed. These findings highlight the need for careful consideration of prenatal exposure (MSAB) during the assessment of offspring ADHD. Additionally, it can provide targeted guidance for prenatal interventions. Future studies should analyze the effects of different doses of maternal smoking on ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xie
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Ying Mao
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
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Dahiphale SM, Potdar J, Acharya N, Jyotsna G, Saloni, Desale R. Congenital Anomalies of the Female Genital Tract: A Comprehensive Review. Cureus 2024; 16:e56753. [PMID: 38654788 PMCID: PMC11037924 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.56753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive review provides an in-depth examination of congenital anomalies of the female genital tract, explicitly focusing on the American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) Müllerian Anomalies Classification. The classification system is crucial for standardizing communication and guiding accurate diagnoses in clinical practice. The review explores the diverse clinical presentations, etiological factors, and diagnostic modalities associated with these anomalies. Management strategies, ranging from conservative approaches to advanced reproductive technologies, are discussed in the context of individualized treatment plans based on the ASRM classification. The psychosocial impact of female genital tract anomalies is thoroughly examined, emphasizing the importance of holistic care and patient-centered approaches. Looking toward the future, the review outlines emerging research areas, including advances in diagnosis techniques, innovative treatment modalities, and genetic studies. It ultimately underscores the need for a comprehensive understanding of physical and psychosocial dimensions, offering insights for healthcare professionals to navigate this complex landscape and improve the lives of affected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati M Dahiphale
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Jyotsana Potdar
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Neema Acharya
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Garapati Jyotsna
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Saloni
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Rahul Desale
- Radiodiagnosis, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research, Wardha, IND
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Jareebi MA, Lyall DM, Gharawi NF, Shami MO, Dahas N, Alfaifi RF, Hakami A, Darraj MA, Hakami FA, Hakami MH, Almalki HM, Hakami ZT, Alessa A, Alhazmi AA. Causal Associations of Modifiable Risk Factors With Migraine: Evidence From Mendelian Randomization Analysis. Cureus 2024; 16:e53448. [PMID: 38435140 PMCID: PMC10909377 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.53448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives The exact etiology of migraine is unknown; however, it is likely a mixture of genetic and non-genetic factors including lifestyle variables like smoking and diet. This study aims to assess the causal effect of modifiable risk factors on the risk of migraine using two-sample Mendelian randomization. Materials and methods The study used publicly available genome-wide significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The study evaluated a diverse smoking exposure, encompassing age at smoking initiation, smoking intensity, and maternal smoking, alongside other pertinent risk factors, namely key dietary aspects, coffee consumption, BMI, and physical activity. Self-reported migraine was the outcome of the study. The genetic data for migraine were obtained from the FinnGen (Finland) and the UK Biobank (United Kingdom) cohorts. Results With sample sizes ranging from 64,949 to 632,802 for each risk factor collected from several consorts, the study included a total of 282 SNPs for all risk factors. The findings demonstrated that in the FinnGen consortium, genetically estimated dietary factors as well as BMI, were significantly associated with the risk of migraine (OR 0.765 per single unit of BMI, p = 0.011; OR 0.468 per one SD higher cheese intake, p = 0.012; OR 0.286 per one SD higher salad intake, p = 0.004, and 0.625 per one SD higher coffee consumption, p = 0.003, respectively). The results also showed that in the UK Biobank specifically, a genetically estimated history of maternal smoking was significantly associated with an elevated risk of migraine (OR=1.02, p=0.004). Conclusions The latest study implies a connection between maternal smoking and a heightened risk of migraines, whereas cheese intake, salad intake, coffee consumption, BMI, and physical activity are associated with a lower risk of migraine development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Donald M Lyall
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, GBR
| | | | | | - Najwa Dahas
- Medicine and Surgery, Jazan University, Jazan, SAU
| | - Rashed F Alfaifi
- Directorate General of Health Affairs, Ministry of Health, Jazan, SAU
| | | | | | - Faris A Hakami
- Directorate General of Health Affairs, Ministry of Health, Jazan, SAU
| | - Mohammed H Hakami
- Directorate General of Health Affairs, Ministry of Health, Jazan, SAU
| | - Hassan M Almalki
- Directorate General of Health Affairs, Ministry of Health, Jazan, SAU
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Archie SR, Sifat AE, Zhang Y, Villalba H, Sharma S, Nozohouri S, Abbruscato TJ. Maternal e-cigarette use can disrupt postnatal blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity and deteriorates motor, learning and memory function: influence of sex and age. Fluids Barriers CNS 2023; 20:17. [PMID: 36899432 PMCID: PMC9999561 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-023-00416-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), also commonly known as electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) are considered in most cases as a safer alternative to tobacco smoking and therefore have become extremely popular among all age groups and sex. It is estimated that up to 15% of pregnant women are now using e-cigs in the US which keeps increasing at an alarming rate. Harmful effects of tobacco smoking during pregnancy are well documented for both pregnancy and postnatal health, however limited preclinical and clinical studies exist to evaluate the long-term effects of prenatal e-cig exposure on postnatal health. Therefore, the aim of our study is to evaluate the effect of maternal e-cig use on postnatal blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity and behavioral outcomes of mice of varying age and sex. In this study, pregnant CD1 mice (E5) were exposed to e-Cig vapor (2.4% nicotine) until postnatal day (PD) 7. Weight of the offspring was measured at PD0, PD7, PD15, PD30, PD45, PD60 and PD90. The expression of structural elements of the BBB, tight junction proteins (ZO-1, claudin-5, occludin), astrocytes (GFAP), pericytes (PDGFRβ) and the basement membrane (laminin α1, laminin α4), neuron specific marker (NeuN), water channel protein (AQP4) and glucose transporter (GLUT1) were analyzed in both male and female offspring using western blot and immunofluorescence. Estrous cycle was recorded by vaginal cytology method. Long-term motor and cognitive functions were evaluated using open field test (OFT), novel object recognition test (NORT) and morris water maze test (MWMT) at adolescence (PD 40-45) and adult (PD 90-95) age. In our study, significantly reduced expression of tight junction proteins and astrocyte marker were observed in male and female offspring until PD 90 (P < 0.05). Additionally, prenatally e-cig exposed adolescent and adult offspring showed impaired locomotor, learning, and memory function compared to control offspring (P < 0.05). Our findings suggest that prenatal e-cig exposure induces long-term neurovascular changes of neonates by disrupting postnatal BBB integrity and worsening behavioral outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Rahman Archie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA
| | - Ali Ehsan Sifat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA
| | - Heidi Villalba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA
| | - Sejal Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA
| | - Saeideh Nozohouri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA
| | - Thomas J Abbruscato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA.
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Elbagir R, Faisal M, O’Hanharan S. Systematic Review of Environmental and Psychosocial Risk Factors associated with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, and Conduct Disorder in Children and Adolescents. Scand J Child Adolesc Psychiatr Psychol 2023; 11:108-119. [PMID: 37637869 PMCID: PMC10450252 DOI: 10.2478/sjcapp-2023-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In the majority of cases, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is accompanied by one or more comorbid disorders, with the oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) being one of the most frequently diagnosed comorbid disorders. There is a lack of systematic reviews addressing the evidence for an association between the independent environmental and psychosocial risk factors associated with ADHD, ODD, and Conduct Disorder (CD). Objective This study aims to determine the link between ADHD and ODD/CD, specifically in terms of the most up-to-date environmental and psychosocial risk factors in the development of these illnesses. Results Eleven studies were included in this systematic review. Among these, ten studies involved environmental risk factors, and only one involved socioeconomic risk factors as exposure. Of the ten studies highlighting the environmental risk factors, six studies reported perinatal risk factors, three reported Atopic diseases as exposure measures, and one involved exposure to energy and coffee drinks. We have found that the most common risk factors associated with ADHD, ODD and CD in Europe and North America were Perinatal risk factors. In contrast, the risk factors of Atopic diseases were more common in Asia. Conclusions Most of the studies included in our systematic review fall within the scope of environmental risk factors were perinatal risk factors and atopic diseases are the most common risk factors. However, only one article highlighted the association of socioeconomic risk factors as an exposure. Our review results suggest the need for more research focused on psychosocial risk factors for ADHD and comorbid ODD/CD. Further research is required with the primary objective of investigating this association in greater depth and examining the possible mechanisms at varying levels is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Elbagir
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Mid Western Health Board, Health Service Executive West, Bangalore, India
| | - Mohd Faisal
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Mid Western Health Board, Health Service Executive West, Bangalore, India
| | - Susan O’Hanharan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Mid Western Health Board, Health Service Executive West, Bangalore, India
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7
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Thomaidou MA, Berryessa CM. A jury of scientists: Formal education in biobehavioral sciences reduces the odds of punitive criminal sentencing. BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES & THE LAW 2022; 40:787-817. [PMID: 35978472 PMCID: PMC10087556 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study examines how formal education in biological and behavioral sciences may impact punishment intuitions (views on criminal sentencing, free will, responsibility, and dangerousness) in cases involving neurobiological evidence. In a survey experiment, we compared intuitions between biobehavioral science and non-science university graduates by presenting them with a baseline case without a neurobiological explanation for offending followed by one of two cases with a neurobiological explanation (described as either innate or acquired biological influences to offending). An ordinal logistic regression indicated that both science and non-science graduates selected significantly more severe punishments for the baseline case as compared to when an innate neurobiological explanation for offending was provided. However, across all cases, science graduates selected significantly less severe sentences than non-science graduates, and only science graduates' decisions were mediated by free will and responsibility attributions. Findings are discussed in relation to scientific understandings of behavior, the impact of science education on attitudes towards punishment, and potential criminal-legal implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia A. Thomaidou
- Leiden UniversityFaculty of Social and Behavioral SciencesLeidenNetherlands
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Chen Z, Chen W, Li Y, Moos M, Xiao D, Wang C. Single-nucleus chromatin accessibility and RNA sequencing reveal impaired brain development in prenatally e-cigarette exposed neonatal rats. iScience 2022; 25:104686. [PMID: 35874099 PMCID: PMC9304611 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Although emerging evidence reveals that vaping alters the function of the central nervous system, the effects of maternal vaping on offspring brain development remain elusive. Using a well-established in utero exposure model, we performed single-nucleus ATAC-seq (snATAC-seq) and RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) on prenatally e-cigarette-exposed rat brains. We found that maternal vaping distorted neuronal lineage differentiation in the neonatal brain by promoting excitatory neurons and inhibiting lateral ganglionic eminence-derived inhibitory neuronal differentiation. Moreover, maternal vaping disrupted calcium homeostasis, induced microglia cell death, and elevated susceptibility to cerebral ischemic injury in the developing brain of offspring. Our results suggest that the aberrant calcium signaling, diminished microglial population, and impaired microglia-neuron interaction may all contribute to the underlying mechanisms by which prenatal e-cigarette exposure impairs neonatal rat brain development. Our findings raise the concern that maternal vaping may cause adverse long-term brain damage to the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Chen
- Center for Genomics, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, 11021 Campus St., Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Wanqiu Chen
- Center for Genomics, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, 11021 Campus St., Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Yong Li
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Division of Pharmacology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Malcolm Moos
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research & Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Daliao Xiao
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Division of Pharmacology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Charles Wang
- Center for Genomics, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, 11021 Campus St., Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
- Division of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, Department of Basic Science, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, 11021 Campus St., Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
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Hsu YC, Chen CT, Yang HJ, Chou P. Family, personal, parental correlates and behavior disturbances in school-aged boys with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a cross-sectional study. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2022; 16:30. [PMID: 35440036 PMCID: PMC9019941 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-022-00467-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the relationship among family, personal, parental correlates, and behavioral disturbances in boys with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHODS We performed a hospital-based cross-sectional study. School-aged boys who first visited the hospital between 2000 and 2011 with ADHD were identified. Through medical records review, demographic information, family characteristics, personal characteristics, parental characteristics, and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) collected during the first outpatient visit were retrieved. A T-score higher than 63 in the internalizing or externalizing subscale of the CBCL indicated severe behavioral disturbances in each domain. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate the relationship between the correlates and behavioral disturbances. Eligible patients were further classified into groups without behavioral disturbance, with either only severe internalizing or only severe externalizing behaviors, or with both behaviors. Multivariable ordinal logistic regression was used to investigate the association between the correlates and the number of types of behavioral disturbances. RESULTS A total of 1855 boys with ADHD were included. In the multivariable logistic regression, family factors, including being first-born, living in a family not with both parents, and family history of mental disorder, were associated with severe internalizing and externalizing behaviors. Personal factors, including prenatal complications, perinatal complications, and medical and psychiatric comorbidities, were associated with severe internalizing behaviors, but only prenatal complications and medical comorbidities were associated with severe externalizing behaviors. Parental factors were only associated with severe externalizing behaviors. A higher paternal education level had a protective effect, but younger motherhood increased the risk. In ordinal logistic regression, these factors were also associated with more types of behavioral disturbances. CONCLUSIONS Multiple factors are related to behavioral disturbances in ADHD. Our study reported the association among family, personal, parental factors, severe internalizing behavior, severe externalizing behavior, and number of behavioral disturbances in boys with ADHD. However, the impacts differed as the behavior phenotypes varied. Further research is needed to better understand the heterogeneity of ADHD behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Chang Hsu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Tao-Yuan Psychiatric Center, Ministry of Health and Welfare, 71 Long-Shou St. Tao-Yuan District, Taoyuan City, Taiwan. .,Institute of Public Health, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Tsai Chen
- grid.454740.6Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Tao-Yuan Psychiatric Center, Ministry of Health and Welfare, 71 Long-Shou St. Tao-Yuan District, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Jan Yang
- grid.411641.70000 0004 0532 2041Department of Public Health, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pesus Chou
- grid.260539.b0000 0001 2059 7017Institute of Public Health, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan ,grid.260539.b0000 0001 2059 7017Community Medicine Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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Massey SH, Allen NB, Pool LR, Miller ES, Pouppirt NR, Barch DM, Luby J, Perlman SB, Rogers CE, Smyser CD, Wakschlag LS. Impact of prenatal exposure characterization on early risk detection: Methodologic insights for the HEALthy Brain and Child Development (HBCD) study. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2021; 88:107035. [PMID: 34606910 PMCID: PMC8578417 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2021.107035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A major challenge in prenatal drug exposure research concerns the balance of measurement quality with sample sizes necessary to address confounders. To inform the selection of optimal exposure measures for the HEALthy Brain and Child Development (HBCD) Study, we employed integrated analysis to determine how different methods used to characterize prenatal tobacco exposure influence the detection of exposure-related risk, as reflected in normal variations in birth weight. METHODS Participants were N = 2323 mother-infant dyads derived from 7 independent developmental cohorts harmonized on measures of exposure, outcome (birthweight), and covariates. We compared estimates of PTE-related effects on birthweight derived from linear regression models when PTE was categorized dichotomously based on any fetal exposure (30% exposed; 69% not exposed); versus categorically, based on common patterns of maternal smoking during pregnancy (never smoked 69%; quit smoking 16%; smoked intermittently 2%; smoked persistently 13%). We secondarily explored sex differences in PTE-birthweight associations across these categorization methods. RESULTS When PTE was categorized dichotomously, exposure was associated with a - 125-g difference in birthweight (95% C.I. -173.7 - -76.6, p < .0001). When PTE was characterized categorically based on maternal smoking patterns, however, exposure was associated with either no difference in birthweight if mothers quit smoking by the end of the first trimester (B = -30.6, 95% C.I. -88.7-27.4, p = .30); or a - 221.8 g difference in birthweight if mothers did not [95% C.I. (-161.7 to -282.0); p < .001]. Qualitative sex differences were also detected though PTE x sex interactions did not reach statistical significance. Maternal smoking cessation during pregnancy was associated with a 239.3 g increase in birthweight for male infants, and a 114.0 g increase in birthweight for females infants (p = .07). CONCLUSIONS Categorization of PTE based on patterns of maternal smoking rather than the presence or absence of exposure alone revealed striking nuances in estimates of exposure-related risk. The described method that captures both between-individual and within-individual variability in prenatal drug exposure is optimal and recommended for future developmental investigations such as the HBCD Study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suena H Massey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 North Saint Clair Street, Suite 1000, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 625 N Michigan Avenue, Suite 2100, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 633 North Saint Clair Street, 19(th) floor, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Norrina B Allen
- Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 633 North Saint Clair Street, 19(th) floor, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 680 North Lakeshore Drive, Suite 1400, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Lindsay R Pool
- Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 633 North Saint Clair Street, 19(th) floor, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 680 North Lakeshore Drive, Suite 1400, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Emily S Miller
- Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 633 North Saint Clair Street, 19(th) floor, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 250 East Superior Street, Room 05-2175, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Nicole R Pouppirt
- Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 633 North Saint Clair Street, 19(th) floor, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, 225 East Chicago Avenue, Box 45, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University, Box 1125, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
| | - Joan Luby
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, 660 S. Euclid Box 8511, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Susan B Perlman
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, 4444 Forest Park Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America.
| | - Cynthia E Rogers
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, 660 S. Euclid Box 8511, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Chris D Smyser
- Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, and Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, 4525 Scott Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Lauren S Wakschlag
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 625 N Michigan Avenue, Suite 2100, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 633 North Saint Clair Street, 19(th) floor, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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11
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Hall HA, Speyer LG, Murray AL, Auyeung B. Prenatal maternal infections and children's socioemotional development: findings from the UK Millennium Cohort Study. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2021; 30:1641-1650. [PMID: 32949288 PMCID: PMC8505323 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-020-01644-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Previous research suggests that prenatal maternal infections may be associated with increased odds of children having a neurodevelopmental disorder. However, little evidence exists on associations with broader child outcomes, especially subclinical symptoms. Participants were the N = 14,021 members of the population-representative UK Millennium Cohort Study. We examined associations between prenatal maternal infections, both maternal-reported and hospital-recorded, and children's socioemotional development, using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) at age three. Maternal-reported prenatal infections were associated with increased emotional symptoms, after adjusting for several potential confounds and covariates. Hospital-recorded prenatal infections were not associated with children's socioemotional outcomes, after adjusting for potential confounding and covarying factors. Findings suggest that prenatal maternal infections, particularly those which the mothers remember months later, may be associated with increased emotional problems in early childhood. This emphasises the need for screening for and preventing infections during pregnancy. Further, the occurrence of prenatal infection indicates the potential need for early intervention for children's emotional difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hildigunnur Anna Hall
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK.
| | - Lydia Gabriela Speyer
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Aja Louise Murray
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Bonnie Auyeung
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
- Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 8AH, UK
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12
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Pike CK, Sofis MJ, Budney AJ. Correlates of continued cannabis use during pregnancy. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 227:108939. [PMID: 34358772 PMCID: PMC8464496 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cannabis use is increasingly common among pregnant women despite concern that it may be linked to adverse maternal and infant outcomes. Determining whether variables associated with cannabis use predict whether women continue or quit using during pregnancy may inform strategies to reduce prenatal use. METHODS Pregnant women who regularly used cannabis before pregnancy (n = 296) were recruited via Facebook. After finding out they were pregnant, 41 % reported quitting, 13 % quit then relapsed, 32 % reduced use, and 15 % continued use at the same rate. Differences among these four cannabis use status groups (quit, relapsed, reduced, continued) in sociodemographics, cannabis use, cigarette use, perceived risk/benefit, delay discounting, and communications about cannabis with their doctor were assessed. RESULTS Compared to those who quit, continuing use during pregnancy was associated with being unemployed (Relative Risk (RR) = .32, 95 %CI [.13, .78]), using cigarettes pre-pregnancy (RR = 3.43, 95 %CI [1.32, 8.94]), being in an earlier trimester (RR = 4.38, 95 %CI [1.18, 16.23]), less perceived risk (RR = .79, 95 %CI [.74, .85]), and more days per week of use pre-pregnancy (RR = .10, 95 %CI [.01, .84]). Unintended pregnancy, shorter time to cannabis use after waking pre-pregnancy, using cannabis more times per day pre-pregnancy, and greater perceived benefits of use had significant bivariate associations with continued use during pregnancy, but did not retain significance in a multinomial model. CONCLUSIONS Identification of these correlates provides potential targets for prevention of or intervention for prenatal cannabis use. However, much more research is needed to understand prenatal cannabis use and its effects in order to better educate women and healthcare providers, and to design optimal public health strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea K Pike
- Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Center for Technology and Behavioral Health, 46 Centerra Parkway, Suite 315, Lebanon, NH, USA.
| | - Michael J Sofis
- Advocates for Human Potential, Inc., Corporate Office, 490-B Boston Post Road, Sudbury, MA, USA.
| | - Alan J Budney
- Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Center for Technology and Behavioral Health, 46 Centerra Parkway, Suite 315, Lebanon, NH, USA.
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13
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Auty KM, Farrington DP, Coid JW. Intergenerational transmission of personality disorder: general or disorder-specific? PSYCHOLOGY CRIME & LAW 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1068316x.2021.1941014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jeremy W. Coid
- West China Brain Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
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14
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Duko B, Pereira G, Betts K, Tait RJ, Newnham J, Alati R. Prenatal exposure to maternal, but not paternal, tobacco smoking is associated with smoking in adolescence. Addict Behav 2021; 117:106871. [PMID: 33609811 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.106871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mounting epidemiological evidence suggests an association between prenatal tobacco exposure and an increased risk of tobacco smoking in offspring. However, it is uncertain whether the association is due to the intrauterine or shared environmental exposures. METHODS Study participants were from the Raine Study, a prospective birth cohort study based in Perth, Western Australia (N = 2730). Tobacco smoking in adolescents, at age 17 years, was measured using a self-reported questionnaire. Log-binomial regression was used to estimate the relative risks (RRs) of tobacco smoking in offspring exposed to maternal prenatal tobacco use during the first and third trimesters of pregnancy. We have also calculated the E-values to investigate the potential effect of unmeasured confounding. Paternal smoking during pregnancy was used as a negative control for comparison. RESULTS A total of 1210 mothers-offspring pairs were included in the final analysis. After controlling for potential confounders, we found increased risks of tobacco smoking in offspring exposed to maternal prenatal tobacco use during the first trimester [RR 1.50 (95% CI: 1.13-1.97)] (E-value for point estimate = 2.37) and during both trimesters of pregnancy [RR 1.41 (95% CI: 1.03-1.89)] (E-value for point estimate = 2.17). However, we found insufficient statistical evidence for an association between paternal smoking during pregnancy and risk of tobacco smoking in offspring [RR 1.18 (95% CI: 0.84-1.67)]. CONCLUSION Maternal prenatal tobacco exposure was associated with an increased risk of tobacco smoking in offspring at the age of 17 years. Tobacco smoking cessation at the early stages of gestation may reduce the risk of tobacco smoking in the next generation.
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15
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Testa A, Jackson DB, Boccio C. Incarceration exposure and electronic cigarette use during pregnancy: Findings from the pregnancy risk assessment monitoring system, 2016-2018. Prev Med 2021; 143:106375. [PMID: 33321122 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Smoking during pregnancy is a serious public health concern that poses risks for maternal and infant health. Considering the rise of electronic cigarette use in recent years, there is also growing concern about electronic cigarette use during pregnancy. Recent research has begun to explore correlates of electronic cigarette use among pregnant women. While research has revealed a strong connection between incarceration and smoking, scholars have yet to examine the connection between a woman's exposure to incarceration in the year prior to birth - either personally or vicariously through her husband or partner - and prenatal electronic cigarette use. The current study uses data from 74,554 recent mothers from the 2016-2018 Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System. Logistic regression and multinomial logistic regression models were used to assess the association between incarceration exposure and electronic cigarette use. The findings indicate a robust association between incarceration exposure and electronic cigarette use during pregnancy. Specifically, analyses demonstrate that incarceration-exposed women were approximately 2.7 times (AOR = 2.699, 95% CI = 1.939, 3.755) as likely to use electronic cigarettes after adjusting for a host of demographic, economic, health, and pregnancy related characteristics. Additional analyses reveal this association remains after accounting for conventional cigarette use during pregnancy. Considering the potential harmful health ramifications for electronic cigarette use during pregnancy, these findings suggest a need for interventions targeting electronic cigarette use among incarceration-exposed populations and point to electronic cigarette use among pregnant women in particular as an important area of focus for both criminal justice and public health practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Testa
- University of Texas at San Antonio, United States of America.
| | | | - Cashen Boccio
- University of Texas at San Antonio, United States of America
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16
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Ekblad MO, Rolan E, Marceau K, Palmer R, Todorov A, Heath AC, Knopik VS. Disruptive Behavior in Siblings Discordant for Exposure to Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy: A Multi-rater Approach. Nicotine Tob Res 2020; 22:1330-1338. [PMID: 31734697 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntz214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Maternal smoking during pregnancy (SDP) is associated with disruptive behavior. However, there is debate whether the SDP-disruptive behavior association is a potentially causal pathway or rather a spurious effect confounded by shared genetic and environmental factors. AIMS AND METHODS The Missouri Mothers and Their Children Study is a sibling comparison study that includes families (n = 173) selected for sibling pairs (aged 7-16 years) discordant for SDP. Critically, the sibling comparison design is used to disentangle the effects of SDP from familial confounds on disruptive behavior. An SDP severity score was created for each child using a combination of SDP indicators (timing, duration, and amount of SDP). Multiple informants (parents and teachers) reported on disruptive behavior (i.e., DSM-IV semi-structured interview, the Child Behavior Checklist, and Teacher Report Form). RESULTS The variability in disruptive behavior was primarily a function of within-family differences (66%-100%). Consistent with prior genetically informed approaches, the SDP-disruptive behavior association was primarily explained by familial confounds (genetic and environmental). However, when using a multi-rater approach (parents and teachers), results suggest a potentially causal effect of SDP on disruptive behavior (b = 0.09, SE = 0.04, p = 0.03). The potentially causal effect of SDP remained significant in sensitivity analyses. DISCUSSION These findings suggest that familial confounding likely plays a complex role in the SDP-disruptive behavior association when examining both parent and teacher reports of behavior. Importantly, the current study highlights the importance of multiple raters, reflecting a more comprehensive measure of complex behaviors (e.g., disruptive behavior) to examine the teratogenic effects of SDP. IMPLICATIONS Our study provides additional evidence that controlling for genetic and family factors is essential when examining the effect of SDP on later behavioral problems, as it explains a portion of the association between SDP and later behavioral problems. However, we found a significant association between SDP and disruptive behavior when using a multi-rater approach that capitalizes on both parent and teacher report, suggesting that parent and teacher ratings capture a unique perspective that is important to consider when examining SDP-behavior associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael O Ekblad
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN.,Department of General Practice, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Turku University and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Emily Rolan
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Kristine Marceau
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Rohan Palmer
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Alexandre Todorov
- Department of Psychiatry, Midwest Alcoholism Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Andrew C Heath
- Department of Psychiatry, Midwest Alcoholism Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Valerie S Knopik
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Robinson
- Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia,
- School of Psychology, The University of Western Australia,
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18
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Kolla NJ, Bortolato M. The role of monoamine oxidase A in the neurobiology of aggressive, antisocial, and violent behavior: A tale of mice and men. Prog Neurobiol 2020; 194:101875. [PMID: 32574581 PMCID: PMC7609507 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2020.101875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, research has revealed that genetic factors shape the propensity for aggressive, antisocial, and violent behavior. The best-documented gene implicated in aggression is MAOA (Monoamine oxidase A), which encodes the key enzyme for the degradation of serotonin and catecholamines. Congenital MAOA deficiency, as well as low-activity MAOA variants, has been associated with a higher risk for antisocial behavior (ASB) and violence, particularly in males with a history of child maltreatment. Indeed, the interplay between low MAOA genetic variants and early-life adversity is the best-documented gene × environment (G × E) interaction in the pathophysiology of aggression and ASB. Additional evidence indicates that low MAOA activity in the brain is strongly associated with a higher propensity for aggression; furthermore, MAOA inhibition may be one of the primary mechanisms whereby prenatal smoke exposure increases the risk of ASB. Complementary to these lines of evidence, mouse models of Maoa deficiency and G × E interactions exhibit striking similarities with clinical phenotypes, proving to be valuable tools to investigate the neurobiological mechanisms underlying antisocial and aggressive behavior. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of the knowledge on the involvement of MAOA in aggression, as defined by preclinical and clinical evidence. In particular, we show how the convergence of human and animal research is proving helpful to our understanding of how MAOA influences antisocial and violent behavior and how it may assist in the development of preventative and therapeutic strategies for aggressive manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan J Kolla
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH) Research Imaging Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; Violence Prevention Neurobiological Research Unit, CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada; Waypoint Centre for Mental Health Care, Penetanguishene, ON, Canada; Translational Initiative on Antisocial Personality Disorder (TrIAD); Program of Research on Violence Etiology, Neurobiology, and Treatment (PReVENT).
| | - Marco Bortolato
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Translational Initiative on Antisocial Personality Disorder (TrIAD); Program of Research on Violence Etiology, Neurobiology, and Treatment (PReVENT).
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19
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Determining nicotine-related behavior changes in juvenile female rats through long-term maternal nicotine exposure. Behav Pharmacol 2020; 31:34-44. [PMID: 31625971 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) has been developed as a drug therapy for smoking cessation and has been considered a safe alternative to smoking during pregnancy. However, the effects of long-term nicotine exposure via NRT on the fetus are still being debated. Here, we determined the effects of long-term maternal nicotine exposure in gestation and lactation on nicotine-related behavior and drug vulnerability in dams and offspring rats. To expose long-term nicotine, on gestation day 14, pregnant rats were implanted with osmotic minipumps releasing nicotine tartrate (6 mg/kg/day, subcutaneously, equivalent to 2 mg nicotine-freebase) for 28 days. The concentration of cotinine in blood was 373.0 ± 109.0 ng/ml in dams and 12.50 ± 1.19 ng/ml in offspring rats. In dams, we found no significant differences in anxiety-like behaviors and various maternal behaviors such as touching, sniffing, pup licking, laying on pups, and retrieval between saline- and nicotine-exposed groups. Adolescent offspring female rats showed no significant differences in anxiety-like behavior and forced alcohol consumption between saline- and nicotine-exposed groups. Nicotine-exposed offspring rats showed more increased nicotine aversion than saline-exposed groups, but the effect was disturbed in the forced alcohol consumption condition on the first day of the nicotine consumption test. Taken together, these results suggest that, in the last gestation and lactation period corresponding to the second and third trimester of human pregnancy, long-term maternal nicotine exposure has a minor effect on dam and female offspring health and does not involve serious pathological changes in rat offspring, despite the presence of nicotine in their blood.
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20
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Massey SH, Clark CAC, Sun MY, Burns JL, Mroczek DK, Espy KA, Wakschlag LS. Dimension- and context-specific expression of preschoolers' disruptive behaviors associated with prenatal tobacco exposure. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2020; 81:106915. [PMID: 32693011 PMCID: PMC7484981 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2020.106915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Precise phenotypic characterization of prenatal tobacco exposure (PTE)-related disruptive behavior (DB) that integrates nuanced measures of both exposures and outcomes is optimal for elucidating underlying mechanisms. Using this approach, our goals were to identify dimensions of DB most sensitive to PTE prior to school entry and assess contextual variation in these dimensions. METHODS A community obstetric sample of N = 369 women (79.2% lifetime smokers; 70.2% pregnancy smokers) from two Midwestern cities were assessed for PTE using cotinine-calibrated interview-based reports at 16, 28, and 40 weeks of gestation. A subset of n = 244 who completed observational assessments with their 5-year-old children in a subsequent preschool follow-up study constitute the analytic sample. Using two developmentally-meaningful dimensions previously associated with emergent clinical risk for DB-irritability and noncompliance-we assessed children with 2 parent-report scales: the Multidimensional Assessment Profile of Disruptive Behavior (MAP-DB) and the Early Childhood Inventory (ECI). We also assessed children by direct observation across 3 interactional contexts with the Disruptive Behavior Diagnostic Observation Schedule (DB-DOS). We used generalized linear models to examine between-child variability across behavioral dimensions, and mixed effects models to examine directly observed within-child variability by interactional context. RESULTS Increasing PTE predicted increasing impairment in preschoolers' modulation of negative affect (irritability), but not negative behavior (noncompliance) across reported (MAP-DB) and observed (DB-DOS) dimensional measures. Moreover, children's PTE-related irritability was more pronounced when observed with parents than with the examiner. The ECI did not detect PTE-related irritability nor noncompliance. CONCLUSIONS Nuanced, dimension- and context-specific characterization of PTE-related DB described can optimize early identification of at-risk children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suena H Massey
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 N Saint Clair St, Suite 1000, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 633 N Saint Clair St, 19th Floor, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University, 633 N Saint Clair St, 19th Floor, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Caron A C Clark
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Nebraska at Lincoln, 241 Teacher College Hall, Lincoln, NE 68508, USA
| | - Michael Y Sun
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 633 N Saint Clair St, 19th Floor, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - James L Burns
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 633 N Saint Clair St, 19th Floor, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Daniel K Mroczek
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 633 N Saint Clair St, 19th Floor, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University, 633 N Saint Clair St, 19th Floor, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Kimberly A Espy
- Departments of Psychology and Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249-1644, USA; Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, MC 7792 San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Lauren S Wakschlag
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 N Saint Clair St, Suite 1000, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 633 N Saint Clair St, 19th Floor, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University, 633 N Saint Clair St, 19th Floor, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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21
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Rauschert S, Melton PE, Heiskala A, Karhunen V, Burdge G, Craig JM, Godfrey KM, Lillycrop K, Mori TA, Beilin LJ, Oddy WH, Pennell C, Järvelin MR, Sebert S, Huang RC. Machine Learning-Based DNA Methylation Score for Fetal Exposure to Maternal Smoking: Development and Validation in Samples Collected from Adolescents and Adults. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2020; 128:97003. [PMID: 32930613 PMCID: PMC7491641 DOI: 10.1289/ehp6076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fetal exposure to maternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with the development of noncommunicable diseases in the offspring. Maternal smoking may induce such long-term effects through persistent changes in the DNA methylome, which therefore hold the potential to be used as a biomarker of this early life exposure. With declining costs for measuring DNA methylation, we aimed to develop a DNA methylation score that can be used on adolescent DNA methylation data and thereby generate a score for in utero cigarette smoke exposure. METHODS We used machine learning methods to create a score reflecting exposure to maternal smoking during pregnancy. This score is based on peripheral blood measurements of DNA methylation (Illumina's Infinium HumanMethylation450K BeadChip). The score was developed and tested in the Raine Study with data from 995 white 17-y-old participants using 10-fold cross-validation. The score was further tested and validated in independent data from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 (NFBC1986) (16-y-olds) and 1966 (NFBC1966) (31-y-olds). Further, three previously proposed DNA methylation scores were applied for comparison. The final score was developed with 204 CpGs using elastic net regression. RESULTS Sensitivity and specificity values for the best performing previously developed classifier ("Reese Score") were 88% and 72% for Raine, 87% and 61% for NFBC1986 and 72% and 70% for NFBC1966, respectively; corresponding figures using the elastic net regression approach were 91% and 76% (Raine), 87% and 75% (NFBC1986), and 72% and 78% for NFBC1966. CONCLUSION We have developed a DNA methylation score for exposure to maternal smoking during pregnancy, outperforming the three previously developed scores. One possible application of the current score could be for model adjustment purposes or to assess its association with distal health outcomes where part of the effect can be attributed to maternal smoking. Further, it may provide a biomarker for fetal exposure to maternal smoking. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP6076.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Rauschert
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Phillip E. Melton
- Centre for Genetic Origins of Health and Disease, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Anni Heiskala
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ville Karhunen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Graham Burdge
- Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - Jeffrey M. Craig
- Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Molecular Epidemiology, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
| | - Keith M. Godfrey
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Karen Lillycrop
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, UK
| | - Trevor A. Mori
- Medical School, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Lawrence J. Beilin
- Medical School, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Wendy H. Oddy
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Craig Pennell
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Marjo-Riitta Järvelin
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Sylvain Sebert
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Genomic Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Rae-Chi Huang
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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22
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Raghunathan R, Liu CH, Ambekar YS, Singh M, Miranda RC, Larin KV. Optical coherence tomography angiography to evaluate murine fetal brain vasculature changes caused by prenatal exposure to nicotine. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:3618-3632. [PMID: 33014555 PMCID: PMC7510910 DOI: 10.1364/boe.394905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Maternal smoking causes several defects ranging from intrauterine growth restriction to sudden infant death syndrome and spontaneous abortion. While several studies have documented the effects of prenatal nicotine exposure in development and behavior, acute vasculature changes in the fetal brain due to prenatal nicotine exposure have not been evaluated yet. This study uses correlation mapping optical coherence angiography to evaluate changes in fetal brain vasculature flow caused by maternal exposure to nicotine during the second trimester-equivalent of gestation in a mouse model. The effects of two different doses of nicotine were evaluated. Results showed a decrease in the vasculature for both doses of nicotine, which was not seen in the case of the sham group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raksha Raghunathan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3517 Cullen Blvd., Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Chih-Hao Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3517 Cullen Blvd., Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Yogeshwari S Ambekar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3517 Cullen Blvd., Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Manmohan Singh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3517 Cullen Blvd., Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Rajesh C Miranda
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, TAMHSC College of Medicine, 8441 Riverside Parkway, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
| | - Kirill V Larin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3517 Cullen Blvd., Houston, TX 77204, USA
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77206, USA
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23
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Berryessa CM. The effects of essentialist thinking toward biosocial risk factors for criminality and types of offending on lay punishment support. BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES & THE LAW 2020; 38:355-380. [PMID: 32754930 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This research uses experimental methods to gauge how different facets of essentialist thinking toward (1) types of offending and (2) biosocial risk factors for criminality predict lay punishment support. A randomized between-subjects experiment using contrastive vignettes was conducted with members of the general public (N = 897). Overall, as hypothesized, aspects of essentialist thinking, particularly informativeness, continuity, immutability, and discreteness, toward both biosocial risk factors and types of offending behavior generally predicted more severe punishments surrounding retribution, incapacitation, and deterrence. Yet, surprisingly, several of the same beliefs, specifically toward discreteness and informativeness, also predicted non-punitive sentiments toward restoration and decreased prison time in some contexts. This work demonstrates that essentialist thinking not only may affect how the public cognitively categorizes biosocial risk factors for criminality and types of offending, but also may have consequences for public support for the punishment of offenders with particular offense records or characteristics.
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24
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Schuetze P, Molnar D, Eiden RD, Shisler S, Zhao J, Colder CR, Huestis MA. The effect of prenatal adversity on externalizing behaviors at 24 months of age in a high-risk sample: Maternal sensitivity as a moderator. Infant Ment Health J 2020; 41:530-542. [PMID: 32594565 DOI: 10.1002/imhj.21863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the moderating role of maternal sensitivity on the association between prenatal adversity and externalizing behaviors at 24 months of age in a diverse, high-risk sample. We hypothesized that among children with higher prenatal adversity, high maternal sensitivity would serve as a protective factor. Participants were 247 primarily low-income, diverse dyads. Results indicated a significant interaction effect of maternal sensitivity and prenatal adversity on externalizing problems. The association between prenatal adversity and externalizing behaviors was significant only among children who experienced low prenatal adversity, with higher maternal sensitivity associated with lower externalizing behaviors. These findings indicate that, in the absence of high prenatal risk, responsive and sensitive parenting can buffer children in an otherwise high-risk sample from the development of externalizing behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Schuetze
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York Buffalo State, Buffalo, New York, USA.,Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | | | - Rina D Eiden
- Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA.,Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Shannon Shisler
- Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Junru Zhao
- Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Craig R Colder
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Marilyn A Huestis
- School of Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
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25
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Bush NR, Wakschlag LS, LeWinn KZ, Hertz-Picciotto I, Nozadi SS, Pieper S, Lewis J, Biezonski D, Blair C, Deardorff J, Neiderhiser JM, Leve LD, Elliott AJ, Duarte CS, Lugo-Candelas C, O’Shea TM, Avalos LA, Page GP, Posner J. Family Environment, Neurodevelopmental Risk, and the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Initiative: Looking Back and Moving Forward. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:547. [PMID: 32636769 PMCID: PMC7318113 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The family environment, with all its complexity and diverse components, plays a critical role in shaping neurodevelopmental outcomes in children. Herein we review several domains of the family environment (family socioeconomic status, family composition and home environment, parenting behaviors and interaction styles, parental mental health and functioning, and parental substance use) and discuss how these domains influence neurodevelopment, with particular emphasis on mental health outcomes. We also highlight a new initiative launched by the National Institutes of Health, the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) program. We discuss the role that ECHO will play in advancing our understanding of the impact of the family environment on children's risk for psychiatric outcomes. Lastly, we conclude with important unanswered questions and controversies in this area of research, highlighting how ECHO will contribute to resolving these gaps in our understanding, clarifying relationships between the family environment and children's mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole R. Bush
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Lauren S. Wakschlag
- Department of Medical Social Sciences and Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, Il, United States
| | - Kaja Z. LeWinn
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Irva Hertz-Picciotto
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Sara S. Nozadi
- Community Environmental Health Program, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Sarah Pieper
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Johnnye Lewis
- Community Environmental Health Program, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Dominik Biezonski
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Clancy Blair
- Department of Population Health, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Julianna Deardorff
- Community Health Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Jenae M. Neiderhiser
- Department of Psychology, Penn State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Leslie D. Leve
- Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
| | - Amy J. Elliott
- Center for Pediatric and Community Research, Avera Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
| | - Cristiane S. Duarte
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Claudia Lugo-Candelas
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - T. Michael O’Shea
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Lyndsay A. Avalos
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, United States
| | - Grier P. Page
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, RTI, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jonathan Posner
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
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26
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Froggatt S, Covey J, Reissland N. Infant neurobehavioural consequences of prenatal cigarette exposure: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Paediatr 2020; 109:1112-1124. [PMID: 31821600 PMCID: PMC7317476 DOI: 10.1111/apa.15132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM Prenatal exposure to cigarettes leads to alterations in brain development during pregnancy. This has an impact on postnatal psychological and behavioural processes, affecting an infant's neurobehavioural profile with little known about which aspects are affected. The evidence was synthesised to assess the effects of prenatal cigarette smoke exposure on neurobehavioural outcomes within the first year of life. METHODS Six databases were searched (Web of Science Core Collections, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, EBSCOhost eBook Collection and OpenGrey) in November 2018. Eligible studies (n = 17) had to include a measure of prenatal cigarette exposure and a neurobehavioural assessment ≤1 year of age. RESULTS In the first year of life, specific areas of neurobehavioural functioning are related to prenatal cigarette exposure with eight out of 10 areas of neurobehaviour having significant medium (negative affect, attention, excitability, irritability and orientation) or small (muscle tone, regulation and difficult temperament) pooled effect sizes. Only lethargy and stress did not show any significant pooled effects. CONCLUSION Prenatal cigarette exposure affects a significant range of behaviours during the first year of life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Judith Covey
- Department of PsychologyDurham UniversityDurhamUK
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27
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Parent Involvement in Maternal, Infant, and Early Childhood Home Visiting Programs: an Integrative Review. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2020; 21:728-747. [PMID: 32436153 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-020-01129-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Despite the evidence and investment in evidence-based federally funded maternal, infant, and early childhood home visiting, substantial challenges persist with parent involvement: enrolling, engaging, and retaining participants. We present an integrative review and synthesis of recent evidence regarding the influence of multi-level factors on parent involvement in evidence-based home visiting programs. We conducted a search for original research studies published from January 2007 to March 2018 using PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and CINAHL databases. Twenty-two studies met criteria for inclusion. Parent and family characteristics were the most commonly studied influencing factor; however, consistent evidence for its role in involvement was scarce. Attributes of the home visitor and quality of the relationship between home visitor and participant were found to promote parent involvement. Staff turnover was found to be a barrier to parent involvement. A limited number of influencing factors have been adequately investigated, and those that have reveal inconsistent findings regarding factors that promote parent involvement in home visiting. Future research should move beyond the study of parent- and family-level characteristics and focus on program- and home visitor-level characteristics which, although still limited, have demonstrated some consistent association with parent involvement. Neighborhood characteristics have not been well studied and warrant future research.
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28
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Roncero C, Valriberas-Herrero I, Mezzatesta-Gava M, Villegas JL, Aguilar L, Grau-López L. Cannabis use during pregnancy and its relationship with fetal developmental outcomes and psychiatric disorders. A systematic review. Reprod Health 2020; 17:25. [PMID: 32066469 PMCID: PMC7027300 DOI: 10.1186/s12978-020-0880-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study analyze factors associated to cannabis use in pregnant women, its perceived availability, its risk perception and the relationship between prenatal exposure to cannabis and developmental and mental disorders. OBJECTIVES We present a review of the literature on cannabis use among pregnant women. The objective is to analyze factors associated to cannabis use during pregnancy and assess the potential effects of prenatal exposure to cannabis on the development of the fetus and the mental health of those exposed. METHODS Systematic review of studies on the maternal use of cannabis and the relationship between early exposure and the development of psychiatric disorders in the PubMed database until July 2018 in English and Spanish with the following keywords: Marijuana, Cannabinoids, Mental disorders, Pregnancy, Prenatal Cannabis Exposure, Risk factors. RESULTS The use of cannabis among pregnant women is frequent but it has not been extensively researched. Prenatal exposure to cannabis may be associated with affective symptoms and ADHD. CONCLUSIONS Mental healthcare professionals who treat women during their fertile life need to be able to explain the relationship between prenatal exposure to cannabis and the presence of developmental and mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Roncero
- Psychiatric Service, University of Salamanca Health Care Complex, Salamanca, Spain. .,Institute of Biomedicine of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Isabel Valriberas-Herrero
- Psychiatric Service, University of Salamanca Health Care Complex, Salamanca, Spain.,Institute of Biomedicine of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Marcela Mezzatesta-Gava
- Multidisciplinary Unit of Autism Spectrum Disorder (UnimTEA), Mental Health Department, Sant Joan de Deu Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José L Villegas
- Psychiatric Service, University of Salamanca Health Care Complex, Salamanca, Spain.,Institute of Biomedicine of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Lourdes Aguilar
- Psychiatric Service, University of Salamanca Health Care Complex, Salamanca, Spain.,Institute of Biomedicine of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Lara Grau-López
- Addiction and Dual Diagnosis Unit, Psychiatric Service, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain.,Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Autonomus University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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29
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Brannigan R, Tanskanen A, Huttunen MO, Cannon M, Leacy FP, Clarke MC. The role of prenatal stress as a pathway to personality disorder: longitudinal birth cohort study. Br J Psychiatry 2020; 216:85-89. [PMID: 31488224 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.2019.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies have reported associations between prenatal stress and the development of psychotic, anxiety and depressive disorders; however, to date no studies have investigated potential associations with personality disorders. AIMS This study investigated potential associations between exposure to prenatal stress and personality disorder in offspring. METHOD In a subsample (N = 3626) of a large Finnish birth cohort, we used logistic regression models to examine associations between self-reported maternal stress during pregnancy, collected monthly during antenatal clinic appointments, and personality disorder in offspring. Familial and outcome information were obtained by linking data from the Finnish Hospital Discharge Register and the Finnish Population Register. RESULTS Compared with those unexposed, children exposed to any maternal stress during gestation had three times the odds of developing a personality disorder (odds ratio 2.76, 95% CI 1.59-4.80, P = 0.000). Those exposed to moderate stress had three times the odds (odds ratio 3.13, 95% CI 1.42-6.88, P = 0.005) and those exposed to severe stress had seven times the odds (odds ratio 7.06, 95% CI 2.10-23.81, P = 0.002) of developing a personality disorder. These associations remained after adjusting for parental psychiatric history, comorbid psychiatric diagnoses, prenatal smoking and antenatal depression. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to stress during gestation increases the odds of personality disorder in offspring, independent of other psychiatric disorders. These results suggest the assessment of maternal stress and well-being during pregnancy may be useful in identifying those at greatest risk of developing personality disorder, and highlight the importance of prenatal care for good maternal mental health during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross Brannigan
- PhD Candidate, Department of Psychology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Ireland
| | - Antti Tanskanen
- Researcher, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Sweden; and Department of Mental Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Finland
| | - Matti O Huttunen
- Professor, Department of Mental Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Finland
| | - Mary Cannon
- Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Ireland
| | - Finbarr P Leacy
- Researcher, Data Science Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Ireland
| | - Mary C Clarke
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Psychology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland; and Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Ireland
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30
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Emer LR, Kalkbrenner AE, O'Brien M, Yan A, Cisler RA, Weinhardt L. Association of childhood blood lead levels with firearm violence perpetration and victimization in Milwaukee. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 180:108822. [PMID: 31654907 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Childhood lead exposure impairs future decision-making and may influence criminal behavior, but its role in future firearm violence is unclear. Using public health, education, and criminal justice datasets linked at the individual level, we studied a population-based cohort of all persons born between June 1, 1986 and December 31, 2003 with a valid blood lead test before age 6 years and stable Milwaukee residency (n = 89,129). We estimated associations with firearm violence perpetration (n = 553) and victimization (n = 983) using logistic regression, adjusting for temporal trends, child sex, race, and neighborhood socioeconomic status. Increasing risks for firearm violence perpetration and victimization were found in each higher category of blood lead compared to the lowest, after adjusting for confounding. For perpetration, risk ratios (RR) for increasing comparisons of mean blood lead in categories of ≥5 < 10, ≥10 < 20, and ≥20 μg/dL compared to persons with mean blood lead < 5 μg/dL, were: RR 2.3 (95% CI 1.6, 3.3), RR 2.5 (95% CI 1.7, 3.9), and RR 2.8 (95% CI 1.8, 4.4). For victimization, the same increasing categoric comparisons were: RR 1.8 (95% CI 1.4, 2.3), RR 2.4 (95% CI 1.8, 3.2), RR 3.3 (95% CI 2.4, 4.5). The proportion of firearm violence attributable to blood lead ≥5 μg/dL was 56% for perpetration and 51% for victimization. In Milwaukee, during a period of high lead exposures, childhood levels may have substantially contributed to adult firearm violence. While we cannot definitively conclude causality, the possibility that over half of firearm violence among this sample might be due to lead exposure suggests the potential importance of lead exposure reduction in firearm violence prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay R Emer
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, 1240 North 10th Street, Milwaukee, WI, 53205, USA; Medical College of Wisconsin, Institute for Health and Equity, 8701 Watertown Plank, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA; National Center for State Courts, 300 Newport Avenue, Williamsburg, VA, 23185, USA.
| | - Amy E Kalkbrenner
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, 1240 North 10th Street, Milwaukee, WI, 53205, USA
| | - Mallory O'Brien
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Institute for Health and Equity, 8701 Watertown Plank, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Alice Yan
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, 1240 North 10th Street, Milwaukee, WI, 53205, USA
| | - Ron A Cisler
- Western Michigan University, College of Health and Human Services, 1200 Oakland Drive, Kalamazoo, MI, 49008, USA
| | - Lance Weinhardt
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, 1240 North 10th Street, Milwaukee, WI, 53205, USA
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31
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Björnholm L, Nikkinen J, Kiviniemi V, Niemelä S, Drakesmith M, Evans JC, Pike GB, Richer L, Pausova Z, Veijola J, Paus T. Prenatal exposure to maternal cigarette smoking and structural properties of the human corpus callosum. Neuroimage 2019; 209:116477. [PMID: 31874257 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations induced by prenatal exposure to nicotine have been observed in experimental (rodent) studies. While numerous developmental outcomes have been associated with prenatal exposure to maternal cigarette smoking (PEMCS) in humans, the possible relation with brain structure is less clear. Here we sought to elucidate the relation between PEMCS and structural properties of human corpus callosum in adolescence and early adulthood in a total of 1,747 youth. We deployed three community-based cohorts of 446 (age 25-27 years, 46% exposed), 934 (age 12-18 years, 47% exposed) and 367 individuals (age 18-21 years, 9% exposed). A mega-analysis revealed lower mean diffusivity in the callosal segments of exposed males. We speculate that prenatal exposure to maternal cigarette smoking disrupts the early programming of callosal structure and increases the relative portion of small-diameter fibres.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Björnholm
- Department of Psychiatry, Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.
| | - J Nikkinen
- Department of Radiotherapy, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland; MIPT/MRC, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - V Kiviniemi
- Institute of Diagnostics, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland; Oulu Functional Neuroimaging, MIPT/MRC, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - S Niemelä
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Addiction Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital District of Southwest Finland, Finland
| | - M Drakesmith
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - J C Evans
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - G B Pike
- Department of Radiology and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - L Richer
- Department of Health Sciences, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, QC, Canada
| | - Z Pausova
- The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Departments of Physiology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - J Veijola
- Department of Psychiatry, Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - T Paus
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Canada; Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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32
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Straatmann VS, Lai E, Lange T, Campbell MC, Wickham S, Andersen AMN, Strandberg-Larsen K, Taylor-Robinson D. How do early-life factors explain social inequalities in adolescent mental health? Findings from the UK Millennium Cohort Study. J Epidemiol Community Health 2019; 73:1049-1060. [PMID: 31492761 PMCID: PMC6877708 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2019-212367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reducing inequalities in adolescent mental health is a public health priority, yet the pathways that link social conditions to mental health outcomes in the early years are unclear. We aimed to evaluate the extent to which early years risk factors explain social inequalities in adolescent mental health in the UK. METHODS We analysed data from 6509 children captured in the UK Millennium Cohort Study. Mental health was assessed through the socioemotional behavioural problems at age 14 (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire). The main exposure was maternal education at birth, used as a measure of childhood socioeconomic conditions (SECs), and used to calculate the relative index of inequality. Using causal mediation analysis, we assessed how perinatal, individual child, family, peer relation and neighbourhood-level factors measured up to age 3-mediated the total effect (TE) of SECs on adolescent socioemotional behavioural problems, estimating the proportion mediated and natural indirect effect (NIE) via each block of mediators, and all mediators together. RESULTS Children of mothers with no qualification were almost four times as likely to have socioemotional behavioural problems compared with degree plus level (relative risk (RR) 3.82, 95% CI 2.48 to 5.88). Overall, 63.9% (95% CI 50.2% to 77.6%) (NIE RR 1.97, 95% CI 1.63 to 2.37) of the TE (RR 4.40, 95% CI 3.18 to 6.07) of social inequalities on risk of adolescent socioemotional behavioural problems was mediated by early-life factors. CONCLUSIONS About two-thirds of the social inequality in adolescent mental health was explained by early risk factors measured by age 3, highlighting the importance of public health interventions in this period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane S Straatmann
- Public Health and Policy, Institute of Psychology Health and Society, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Eric Lai
- Public Health and Policy, Institute of Psychology Health and Society, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Theis Lange
- Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Biostatistic, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Melisa Claire Campbell
- Public Health and Policy, Institute of Psychology Health and Society, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Sophie Wickham
- Public Health and Policy, Institute of Psychology Health and Society, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Anne-Marie Nybo Andersen
- Department of Public Health, Section of Social Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katrine Strandberg-Larsen
- Department of Public Health, Section of Social Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David Taylor-Robinson
- Public Health and Policy, Institute of Psychology Health and Society, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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33
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D'Souza S, Crawford CN, Buckley J, Underwood L, Peterson ER, Bird A, Morton SMB, Waldie KE. Antenatal determinants of early childhood talking delay and behavioural difficulties. Infant Behav Dev 2019; 57:101388. [PMID: 31634704 DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2019.101388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The determinants of talking delay alone or its comorbidity with behavioural difficulties was examined in 5768 two-year-old members of the Growing Up in New Zealand longitudinal study. Using the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development inventories and the total difficulties score from the preschool Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, a composite measure was created so that children were categorised as showing no language or behavioural concerns (72.5%), behavioural only difficulties (6.1%), language only difficulties (18.1%), and comorbid language and behavioural difficulties (3.3%). Analyses revealed that antenatal factors such as maternal perceived stress, inadequate folate intake, vitamin intake, alcohol consumption during the first trimester and maternal smoking all had a significant effect on child outcomes. In particular, low multivitamin intake and perceived stress during pregnancy were associated with coexisting language and behavioural difficulties. These findings support international research in showing that maternal factors during pregnancy are associated with developmental outcomes in the early childhood period, and demonstrate these associations within a NZ context. Interventions which address maternal stress management and health behaviours during pregnancy could be beneficial to offspring development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie D'Souza
- School of Psychology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Centre for Longitudinal Research - He Ara ki Mua, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Centre of Methods and Policy Application in the Social Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Jude Buckley
- School of Psychology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lisa Underwood
- Centre for Longitudinal Research - He Ara ki Mua, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Elizabeth R Peterson
- School of Psychology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Centre for Longitudinal Research - He Ara ki Mua, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Amy Bird
- School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Susan M B Morton
- Centre for Longitudinal Research - He Ara ki Mua, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; School of Population Health, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Karen E Waldie
- School of Psychology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Centre for Longitudinal Research - He Ara ki Mua, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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34
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Clark CAC, Massey SH, Wiebe SA, Espy KA, Wakschlag LS. Does early maternal responsiveness buffer prenatal tobacco exposure effects on young children's behavioral disinhibition? Dev Psychopathol 2019; 31:1285-1298. [PMID: 30428950 PMCID: PMC6520205 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579418000706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Children with prenatal tobacco exposure (PTE) exhibit early self-regulatory impairments, reflecting a life-course persistent propensity toward behavioral disinhibition. Previously, we demonstrated the protective role of parental responsiveness for reducing the risk of exposure-related disruptive behavior in adolescence. Here, we expanded this line of inquiry, examining whether responsiveness moderates the relation of PTE to a broader set of behavioral disinhibition features in early childhood and testing alternative diathesis-stress versus differential susceptibility explanatory models. PTE was assessed prospectively using interviews and bioassays in the Midwestern Infant Development Study (MIDS). Mother-child dyads (N = 276) were re-assessed at approximately 5 years of age in a preschool follow-up. We quantified maternal responsiveness and child behavioral disinhibition using a combination of directly observed activities in the lab and developmentally sensitive questionnaires. Results supported a diathesis-stress pattern. Children with PTE and less responsive mothers showed increased disruptive behavior and lower effortful control compared with children without PTE. In contrast, exposed children with more responsive mothers had self-regulatory profiles similar to their non-exposed peers. We did not observe sex differences. Findings provide greater specification of the protective role of maternal responsiveness for self-regulation in children with PTE and help clarify mechanisms that may underscore trajectories of exposure-related behavioral disinhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caron A C Clark
- Department of Educational Psychology,University of Nebraska-Lincoln,Lincoln, NE,USA
| | - Suena H Massey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine,Chicago, IL,USA
| | - Sandra A Wiebe
- Department of Psychology,University of Alberta,Edmonton,Alberta,Canada
| | - Kimberly Andrews Espy
- Office of the Provost,University of San Antonio at Texas, San Antonio, TX, USA;Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory,University of Nebraska-Lincoln,Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Lauren S Wakschlag
- Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University,Chicago,IL, USA
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Rauschert S, Melton PE, Burdge G, Craig JM, Godfrey KM, Holbrook JD, Lillycrop K, Mori TA, Beilin LJ, Oddy WH, Pennell C, Huang RC. Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy Induces Persistent Epigenetic Changes Into Adolescence, Independent of Postnatal Smoke Exposure and Is Associated With Cardiometabolic Risk. Front Genet 2019; 10:770. [PMID: 31616461 PMCID: PMC6764289 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Several studies have shown effects of current and maternal smoking during pregnancy on DNA methylation of CpG sites in newborns and later in life. Here, we hypothesized that there are long-term and persistent epigenetic effects following maternal smoking during pregnancy on adolescent offspring DNA methylation, independent of paternal and postnatal smoke exposure. Furthermore, we explored the association between DNA methylation and cardiometabolic risk factors at 17 years of age. Materials and Methods: DNA methylation was measured using the Illumina HumanMethylation450K BeadChip in whole blood from 995 participants attending the 17-year follow-up of the Raine Study. Linear mixed effects models were used to identify differential methylated CpGs, adjusting for parental smoking during pregnancy, and paternal, passive, and adolescent smoke exposure. Additional models examined the association between DNA methylation and paternal, adolescent, and passive smoking over the life course. Offspring CpGs identified were analyzed against cardiometabolic risk factors (blood pressure, triacylglycerols (TG), high-density lipoproteins cholesterol (HDL-C), and body mass index). Results: We identified 23 CpGs (genome-wide p level: 1.06 × 10-7) that were associated with maternal smoking during pregnancy, including associated genes AHRR (cancer development), FTO (obesity), CNTNAP2 (developmental processes), CYP1A1 (detoxification), MYO1G (cell signalling), and FRMD4A (nicotine dependence). A sensitivity analysis showed a dose-dependent relationship between maternal smoking and offspring methylation. These results changed little following adjustment for paternal, passive, or offspring smoking, and there were no CpGs identified that associated with these variables. Two of the 23 identified CpGs [cg00253568 (FTO) and cg00213123 (CYP1A1)] were associated with either TG (male and female), diastolic blood pressure (female only), or HDL-C (male only), after Bonferroni correction. Discussion: This study demonstrates a critical timing of cigarette smoke exposure over the life course for establishing persistent changes in DNA methylation into adolescence in a dose-dependent manner. There were significant associations between offspring CpG methylation and adolescent cardiovascular risk factors, namely, TG, HDL-C, and diastolic blood pressure. Future studies on current smoking habits and DNA methylation should consider the importance of maternal smoking during pregnancy and explore how the persistent DNA methylation effects of in utero smoke exposure increase cardiometabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Rauschert
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Phillip E. Melton
- Centre for Genetic Origins of Health and Disease, The University of Western Australia and Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Graham Burdge
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Jeffrey M. Craig
- Early Life Epigenetics Group, MCRI, Royal Children’s Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Keith M. Godfrey
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna D. Holbrook
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Lillycrop
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Trevor A. Mori
- Medical School, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Lawrence J. Beilin
- Medical School, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Wendy H. Oddy
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | | | - Rae-Chi Huang
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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36
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Perinatal maternal mental health and infant socio-emotional development: A growth curve analysis using the MPEWS cohort. Infant Behav Dev 2019; 57:101336. [PMID: 31404801 DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2019.101336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy and the early post partum period are widely understood as a critical period for the infant's emotional development and the earliest influence shaping social interaction. The present study aims to understand the potential influence of both antenatal and postnatal maternal anxiety and depressive symptoms on socio-emotional outcomes in offspring aged 12 months. The study used longitudinal data from a prospective cohort study on Australian pregnant women and their children. Data were available for 282 mothers and their children. Maternal depressive and anxiety symptoms were measured in early pregnancy, trimester three of pregnancy, six and 12 months postpartum. Social and emotional development in children was measured using the Brief Infant and Toddler Social Emotional Assessment (BITSEA) at 12 months. Using growth curve analysis of 4 waves of repeated measurement to examine intercept and slope, we found that both initial maternal depression and anxiety symptom levels, and the growth of these symptoms over time, predicted more problems with children's social and emotional development. In the final model anxiety accounted for 19% of the variance in child socio-emotional problems and depression 23% of variance. The results emphasise the importance of perinatal maternal mental health as a potential risk factor for child development. This carries important implications for policy development, such as the need to build early identification and early intervention models in to the current clinical practice for perinatal care, specifically, to develop targeted screening, assessment and interventions to address maternal mental health issues for at-risk parents during pregnancy, and continuing monitoring of young children whose mothers have experienced perinatal mental health difficulties.
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Guille C, Aujla R. Developmental Consequences of Prenatal Substance Use in Children and Adolescents. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2019; 29:479-486. [PMID: 31038354 DOI: 10.1089/cap.2018.0177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Prenatal substance use is increasing and is a major public health concern due to its impact on women's health and child development. Prior studies demonstrate an association between prenatal substance use and deficits in children's physical, cognitive, behavioral, and emotional development. Many studies, however, have significant methodological limitations that hinder our understanding of the impact of substance use on child development. The goal of this review is to describe the risks of prenatal substance use on child development among studies that have overcome major study limitations to inform the development of targeted interventions to improve child health. Methods: Studies investigating the relationship between prenatal substance use and its impact on child development are identified. Studies employing a prospective, longitudinal study design with appropriate comparison groups and methods accounting for potentially confounding variables are reviewed. Results: Prenatal tobacco or alcohol use has the most well-established adverse impact on child development, including an increased risk for behavioral problems and deficits in academic performance, resulting in significant functional impairment. Prenatal marijuana use is associated with deficits in executive and intellectual functioning among school-age children and adolescents. Prenatal opioid use and child development findings are conflicting, but treatment with opioid agonist therapy for opioid use disorder (e.g., methadone or buprenorphine) does not appear to have a negative impact on child growth, cognition, language abilities, sensory processing, or temperament. Prenatal amphetamine and cocaine use may have a negative impact on child development, but effects, in part, are mediated by childhood environment and adversity. Conclusions: Preventative efforts in women's health are needed to reduce substance use and unplanned pregnancies. Early interventions for children exposed to substances are needed as well as interventions targeting the myriad of issues that co-occur with substance use, including poverty, mental health problems, and childhood adversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constance Guille
- Department of Psychiatry, Behavioral Sciences and Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Rubin Aujla
- Department of Psychiatry, Behavioral Sciences and Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
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38
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Marceau K, Rolan E, Leve LD, Ganiban JM, Reiss D, Shaw DS, Natsuaki M, Egger H, Neiderhiser JM. Parenting and prenatal risk as moderators of genetic influences on conduct problems during middle childhood. Dev Psychol 2019; 55:1164-1181. [PMID: 30843708 PMCID: PMC6533149 DOI: 10.1037/dev0000701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This study examines interactions of heritable influences, prenatal substance use, and postnatal parental warmth and hostility on the development of conduct problems in middle childhood for boys and girls. Participants are 561 linked families, collected in 2 cohorts, including birth parents, adoptive parents, and adopted children. Heritable influences on internalizing and externalizing (including substance use) problems were derived from birth mothers' and fathers' symptoms, diagnoses, and age of onset from diagnostic interviews, and the proportion of first-degree relatives with the same type of problems. Smoking during pregnancy (SDP) and alcohol use during pregnancy were assessed retrospectively from birth mothers at 5 months postpartum. Earlier externalizing problems and parental warmth and hostility and were assessed at 1 assessment prior to the outcome (Cohort II: 4.5 years; Cohort I: 7 years). Conduct problems were symptoms from a diagnostic interview assessed at age 6 (Cohort II) or 8 (Cohort I). Findings from regression analyses suggest that (a) SDP plays an important role for the development of conduct problems, (b) some relatively well-accepted effects (e.g., parental hostility) were less important when simultaneously considering multiple factors influencing the development of conduct problems, and (c) main effects of genetic risk and SDP, and interactions among genetic risk and postnatal warmth, SDP and postnatal warmth, and genetic risk, SDP, and postnatal hostility for conduct problems were important for boys' but not girls' conduct problems. Replication is needed, but the current results provide preliminary but empirically grounded hypotheses for future research testing complex developmental models of conduct problems. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Marceau
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Purdue University
| | - Emily Rolan
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Purdue University
| | | | | | | | | | - Misaki Natsuaki
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside
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39
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Pasqualini M, Pieroni L, Tomassini C. How much and why does the mum matter? Mechanisms explaining the intergenerational transmission of smoking. ADVANCES IN LIFE COURSE RESEARCH 2019; 40:99-107. [PMID: 36694415 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcr.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Offspring whose mother smokes during pregnancy have higher risk of smoking themselves. In this study, epigenetics, antisocial behaviours, and social learning were investigated as potential mechanisms of mother-to-child transmission of smoking among a population sample drawn from the Birth Cohort Study 1970. Findings on daughters showed that the direct epigenetic hypothesis was mediated by social learning mechanisms, suggesting that exposure to maternal smoking across childhood and adolescence strongly explained why the smoking habits of mother and daughter correlate. However, prenatal smoking effects on sons were only partially explained by observational learning of mother smoking habits. Our estimates provided evidence concerning the potential role also played by the child's persistent antisocial behaviours. These results were confirmed after controlling for early life circumstances and current socioeconomic conditions. Policy implications of the results are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pasqualini
- Department of Statistical Science, University of Rome La Sapienza, Italy.
| | - L Pieroni
- Department of Political Science, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - C Tomassini
- Department of Economics, University of Molise, Italy
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40
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Risk factors associated to tobacco and alcohol use in a large French cohort of pregnant women. Arch Womens Ment Health 2019; 22:267-277. [PMID: 30074092 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-018-0892-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco and/or alcohol use during pregnancy is a major public health concern. The aim of our study was to identify risk factors associated to maternal alcohol and tobacco use assessed by maternal self-reports combined with biological measurements in meconium samples of cotinine and ethylglucuronide which reflect fetal exposure to tobacco and alcohol, respectively, during the 3rd trimester of pregnancy. We conducted a prospective study in three maternity hospitals in a large urban area during consecutive weeks (2010 and 2011). Maternal sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were assessed after delivery, using the French version of the Addiction Severity Index. Cotinine and ethylglucuronide were measured in meconium samples. Seven hundred and twenty-four women were included, and 645 meconium samples collected. Using multivariate analyses, we found that not being married or having a smoking partner predicts maternal tobacco use. In contrast, a decreased risk was associated with higher education level and wanted pregnancy. The risk for alcohol use increased when the mother had been in conflict with any relative or her partner for a long time throughout her life, as well as in case of previous treatment for any mental or emotional disorder. Using multivariate analyses and cotinine presence in meconium samples, the risks were similar except for marital status, which was not associated to cotinine presence. Community education and prevention programs should urgently be improved for all women of childbearing age with a special focus on those with past histories of mental or emotional disorders and addictive disorders. Smoking cessation should be recommended to both parents.
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41
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Brannigan R, Cannon M, Tanskanen A, Huttunen MO, Leacy FP, Clarke MC. The association between subjective maternal stress during pregnancy and offspring clinically diagnosed psychiatric disorders. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2019; 139:304-310. [PMID: 30548544 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Exposure to prenatal stress is a ubiquitous and non-specific risk factor for adverse outcomes in adulthood. In this study, we examined associations between exposure to subjective maternal stress during pregnancy and subsequent diagnosis of psychiatric disorders in offspring. METHOD This study used the Helsinki Longitudinal Temperament Cohort, a prospective birth cohort of individuals born between 1 July 1975 and 30 June 1976 in Helsinki, Finland. The sample for this study comprised 3626 infants whose mothers had completed health and well-being assessments during pregnancy which included a measure of self-reported stress. We ran logistic regressions to assess potential associations between prenatal stress and offspring psychiatric disorder in adulthood, identified through the Finnish Hospital Discharge Register. RESULTS Individuals whose mothers reported stress during pregnancy had significantly greater odds of developing a psychiatric disorder (OR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.10-1.81) particularly a mood disorder (OR = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.10-2.54). These associations remained after adjusting for parental psychiatric history, and other prenatal factors. CONCLUSIONS Individuals exposed to prenatal stress had significantly increased risk of developing psychiatric disorders later in life. This finding highlights the importance of supporting the mental health and emotional well-being of women during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Brannigan
- Department of Psychology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M Cannon
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - A Tanskanen
- Department of Mental Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M O Huttunen
- Department of Mental Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - F P Leacy
- Data Science Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M C Clarke
- Department of Psychology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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42
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Schuetze P, Zhao J, Eiden RD, Shisler S, Huestis MA. Prenatal exposure to tobacco and marijuana and child autonomic regulation and reactivity: An analysis of indirect pathways via maternal psychopathology and parenting. Dev Psychobiol 2019; 61:1022-1034. [PMID: 30868568 DOI: 10.1002/dev.21844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We examined a conceptual model for the associations of prenatal exposure to tobacco (PTE) and marijuana with child reactivity/regulation at 16 months of age. We hypothesized that PTE would be associated with autonomic reactivity and regulation that these associations would be indirect via maternal anger/hostility, depression/stress, or harsh parenting assessed at 2 months and that these effects would be most pronounced among children exposed to both tobacco and marijuana (PTME). Participants were 247 dyads (81 PTE, 97 PTME, and 69 nonexposed) who were followed up at 2 (N = 247) and 16 months (N = 238) of child age. Results from model testing indicated an indirect association between PTME and autonomic functioning during the second year of life, which was mediated by harsh parenting during caregiver-infant interactions. This study fills an important gap in the literature on PTE, PTME, and autonomic regulation during the toddler years, highlighting the role of maternal parenting as important intervening variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Schuetze
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York Buffalo State, Buffalo, New York.,Clinical and Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Junru Zhao
- Clinical and Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Rina D Eiden
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Shannon Shisler
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Marilyn A Huestis
- The Lambert Center for the Study of Medicinal Cannabis and Hemp, Thomas Jefferson, Philadelphia, PA
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43
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O’Callaghan F, O’Callaghan M, Scott JG, Najman J, Al Mamun A. Effect of maternal smoking in pregnancy and childhood on child and adolescent sleep outcomes to 21 years: a birth cohort study. BMC Pediatr 2019; 19:70. [PMID: 30841882 PMCID: PMC6402153 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-019-1439-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of prenatal maternal smoking have been studied extensively, however little research has examined the effects of prenatal exposure to maternal smoking on offspring sleep, particularly over several developmental periods. We examined the effects of prenatal maternal smoking and postnatal smoking from birth to 14 years, on offspring sleep at 6 months, 5, 14 and 21 years. METHODS This was a prospective, community-based birth cohort study involving 7223 women who delivered a singleton child in Brisbane, Australia between 1981 and 1983. Women were recruited at the first antenatal visit. Offspring sleep problems were reported by mothers at 6 months, 5 and 14 years, and by youth at 14 and 21 years. 3738 mothers prospectively reported their smoking status from pregnancy to 14 years postpartum. Youth snoring was reported by mothers at 14 years and by youth at 21 years. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were performed. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Prenatal maternal smoking was independently associated with an increased risk of offspring adolescent parasomnias including walking and talking in sleep and nightmares, and an increased likelihood of being in the highest quintile for maternal and youth reported sleep problems at 14 years. Maternal postnatal smoking was associated with increased likelihood of offspring snoring at 14 years. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to maternal prenatal smoking has different effects on offspring sleep compared to exposure to postnatal smoking. Prenatal smoking exposure may be associated with changes in neurodevelopment whereas postnatal smoking is more likely to affect the respiratory system. These findings highlight the long lasting and potentially serious clinical effects of exposure to pre and postnatal maternal smoking on offspring, the mechanisms by which warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances O’Callaghan
- School of Applied Psychology and Menzies Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, 4222 Australia
| | | | - James G. Scott
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research and Metro North Mental Health, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, QLD, Brisbane, 4029 Australia
| | - Jake Najman
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, QLD, Brisbane, 4006 Australia
- School of Social Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072 Australia
| | - Abdullah Al Mamun
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, QLD, Brisbane, 4006 Australia
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44
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DeLisi M, Drury AJ, Elbert MJ. Parent Exposure to Drugs: A “New” Adverse Childhood Experience With Devastating Behavioral Consequences. JOURNAL OF DRUG ISSUES 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/0022042618805738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Household drug abuse is one of the seminal forms of adverse childhood experiences, but it does not fully capture the severity of parents that actively provide or even administer drugs to their children. Drawing on a near population of federal supervised release offenders, the current study examined this “new” adverse childhood experience and its association with antisociality. Multiple analytical techniques (e.g., correlation, binary and multinomial logistic regression, and negative binomial regression) indicated that parent exposure to drugs was significantly associated with current drug status while on supervision, three forms of drug offending, and Cannabis, Cocaine, Methamphetamine, Opiate, and Alcohol Dependence even while controlling for age of arrest onset, sex, race, and current age. We concur with other scholars that more conceptualization and measurement-refinement of adverse childhood experiences is needed to fully understand how early-life trauma shapes the contours of the criminal career.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alan J. Drury
- United States Probation and Pretrial Services, Des Moines, USA
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45
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Tzoumakis S, Carr VJ, Dean K, Laurens KR, Kariuki M, Harris F, Green MJ. Prenatal maternal smoking, maternal offending, and offspring behavioural and cognitive outcomes in early childhood. CRIMINAL BEHAVIOUR AND MENTAL HEALTH : CBMH 2018; 28:397-408. [PMID: 30256470 DOI: 10.1002/cbm.2089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal smoking during pregnancy and parental offending are both linked to adverse offspring outcomes. Few studies have examined how these exposures together influence diverse offspring outcomes in early childhood. AIMS To examine associations between quantity of prenatal maternal smoking and frequency of maternal offending and offspring behavioural and cognitive outcomes at age 5 years. METHODS Over 66,000 Australian children (mean age 5.6 years) were drawn from an intergenerational data linkage study. Unadjusted and adjusted logistic regressions were conducted for the two key exposures (maternal prenatal smoking and mother having at least two criminal convictions) and offspring behavioural and cognitive vulnerabilities. Population attributable fractions (PAFs) were also estimated for each outcome for the two exposures. RESULTS Prenatal smoking and maternal offending were, separately and together, associated with most of the developmental vulnerabilities examined, even after adjusting for other familial and prenatal risk factors. PAFs for prenatal smoking ranged from 5.3% to 15.8%, and PAFs for maternal offending ranged from 3.4% to 11.8% across the offspring outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Maternal smoking during pregnancy and maternal offending were uniquely associated with a range of offspring vulnerabilities, but mothers who smoked during pregnancy tended to experience multiple problems that should also be considered as indicators of child vulnerabilities. While early behavioural difficulties were evident in these children, it was striking that they were also likely to have cognitive vulnerabilities. Early intervention to support cognitive development in these children may minimise their risk of academic underachievement, long-term disadvantage, and even offending.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy Tzoumakis
- School of Social Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Vaughan J Carr
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kimberlie Dean
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Justice Health and Forensic Mental Health Network, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kristin R Laurens
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- School of Psychology, Australian Catholic University, Banyo, Queensland, Australia
| | - Maina Kariuki
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Felicity Harris
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Melissa J Green
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia
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46
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Yang HS, Lim H, Choi J, Bae S, Kim Y, Kwon HJ, Ha M. Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure at Home and Attributable Problem Behaviors in Korean Children and Adolescents for 2012-2014 in a Nationally Representative Survey. J Korean Med Sci 2018; 33:e229. [PMID: 30181731 PMCID: PMC6115691 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2018.33.e229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to examine the environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure at home and associated problem behaviors in Korean children and adolescents. METHODS Approximately 2,167 children aged 3-18 years were included in the study after excluding 163 active smokers from the Korean Environmental Health Survey in Children and Adolescents (2012-2014). ETS data were obtained using a questionnaire; problem behaviors were measured using the Child Behavior Checklist administered to parents. The relationship between ETS exposure and problem behavior was evaluated using a survey regression model adjusted for region, age, sex, income, and father's education. The population-attributable fraction (PAF%) was calculated based on problem behaviors related to ETS exposure at home. RESULTS The rates of ETS exposure at home were 20%, 28%, and 39% in children aged 3-5, 6-11, and 12-18 years, respectively; ETS exposure at home was associated with behavioral problems: the exposed group having higher total behavioral problem score (95% confidence interval [CI]) than the non-exposed by 2.46 (0.60-4.32) and 2.74 (0.74-4.74) in children aged 6-11 and 12-18 years, respectively, with no significant association in those aged 3-5 years. The PAF% (95% CI) of total problem behaviors for ETS exposure at home were 2.68 (-10.11-17.78), 10.66 (3.25-17.55), and 11.62 (3.03-18.96) in children aged 3-5, 6-11, and 12-18 years, respectively. Children with externalizing problems had higher PAF% than those with internalizing problems. CONCLUSION In Korea, ETS exposure at home is associated with problem behaviors in children and adolescents with about more than 10% population attributable fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee sun Yang
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Hyungryul Lim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Jonghyuk Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Sanghyuk Bae
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Yeni Kim
- Department of Pediatric Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Health, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho-Jang Kwon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Mina Ha
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
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Godleski SA, Shisler S, Eiden RD, Huestis MA. Co-use of tobacco and marijuana during pregnancy: Pathways to externalizing behavior problems in early childhood. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2018; 69:39-48. [PMID: 30081085 PMCID: PMC6396313 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Use and co-use of tobacco and marijuana during pregnancy are associated with the development of social, cognitive, and behavioral problems for infants and children. However, less is known about the potential developmental impact of the use of tobacco and marijuana in tandem. The present study examined an etiological model for the development of externalizing behavior problems (EBP) in early childhood in a high risk sample (N = 247) of mother-infant dyads with prospective data from pregnancy to 36 months of child age. Co-use during pregnancy and continued maternal tobacco and marijuana use from infancy through early childhood were investigated. Although direct pathways from exposure during pregnancy to EBP were not significant, there was a significant indirect pathway from prenatal tobacco use to EBP via lower breastfeeding duration to lower maternal warmth/sensitivity to EBP, and a pathway from higher maternal affective dysregulation to higher EBP. These results highlight the importance of considering cascading effects of substance use during pregnancy on parental processes within the context of developmental risk and protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Godleski
- College of Liberal Arts, Rochester Institute of Technology, 18 Lomb Memorial Drive, Rochester, NY 14623, USA.
| | - Shannon Shisler
- Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 1021 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Rina D Eiden
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 204 Park Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Marilyn A Huestis
- Institute of Emerging Health Professions, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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48
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Essau CA, Sasagawa S, Lewinsohn PM, Rohde P. The impact of pre- and perinatal factors on psychopathology in adulthood. J Affect Disord 2018; 236:52-59. [PMID: 29715609 PMCID: PMC6127869 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.04.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is considerable evidence that pre- and post-natal factors are associated with a wide range of psychopathology in offspring during childhood and adolescence. OBJECTIVE The main aims of the present study were to examine the associations between pre- and perinatal factors and psychopathology in offspring during adulthood, and to explore whether family factors (i.e., family cohesion, mother's social support, and father's social support) mediate these relationships. METHOD Information on pre- and perinatal events was collected from biological mothers of the participants (N = 315) when they were between 14 and 18 years who were then followed up until they reached age 30. RESULTS Maternal obstetric history and illness during first year were significant predictors of offspring anxiety disorder. Maternal emotional health predicted offspring affective disorder. Difficult delivery and breast feeding predicted disruptive disorder. The relationship between maternal obstetric history/emotional health and anxiety/affective disorder was no longer significant after controlling for family cohesion. LIMITATIONS The information was based on maternal recall when their offspring were between 14 and 18 years which may be subjected to recall bias. CONCLUSION The association between pre- and postnatal factors and psychopathology of offspring during adulthood is mediated by familial factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia A. Essau
- Department of Psychology, Roehampton University, London SW15 4JD, UK
| | - Satoko Sasagawa
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Mejiro University, Tokyo 161-8539, Japan
| | | | - Paul Rohde
- Oregon Research Institute, Eugene, OR 97403-1983, USA
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49
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Li G, Saad S, Oliver BG, Chen H. Heat or Burn? Impacts of Intrauterine Tobacco Smoke and E-Cigarette Vapor Exposure on the Offspring's Health Outcome. TOXICS 2018; 6:E43. [PMID: 30071638 PMCID: PMC6160993 DOI: 10.3390/toxics6030043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Maternal smoking during pregnancy leads to gestational complications and organ disorders in the offspring. As nicotine replacement therapy is often ineffective for smoking cessation, pregnant women turn to alternatives such as heat-not-burn tobacco and e-cigarettes. Recently, the popularly of e-cigarettes has been increasing especially among the youth and pregnant women, mainly due to the advertisements claiming their safety. This has even led to some clinicians recommending their use during pregnancy. E-cigarettes heat e-liquid to produce an aerosol (e-vapor), delivering flavorings and nicotine to the user. However, e-vapor also contains toxins such as formaldehyde along with heavy metals and carcinogenic nitrosamines. In addition, specific flavoring compounds such as diacetyl can be toxic themselves or decompose into toxic compounds such as benzaldehydes. These compounds can induce toxicity, inflammation and oxidative stress in the mothers and can accumulate in the developing fetus, affecting intrauterine development. Recent animal studies suggest that maternal e-vapor exposure during pregnancy could cause respiratory and neurological disorders in the offspring. This review will examine the available literature to shed light on the current understanding of this problem-to-be from lessons learned in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Li
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Sonia Saad
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
- Renal Group, Kolling Institute, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia.
| | - Brian G Oliver
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
- Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia.
| | - Hui Chen
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
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50
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Stroud LR, McCallum M, Salisbury AL. Impact of maternal prenatal smoking on fetal to infant neurobehavioral development. Dev Psychopathol 2018; 30:1087-1105. [PMID: 30068428 PMCID: PMC6541397 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579418000676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite recent emphasis on the profound importance of the fetal environment in "programming" postnatal development, measurement of offspring development typically begins after birth. Using a novel coding strategy combining direct fetal observation via ultrasound and actocardiography, we investigated the impact of maternal smoking during pregnancy (MSDP) on fetal neurobehavior; we also investigated links between fetal and infant neurobehavior. Participants were 90 pregnant mothers and their infants (52 MSDP-exposed; 51% minorities; ages 18-40). Fetal neurobehavior at baseline and in response to vibro-acoustic stimulus was assessed via ultrasound and actocardiography at M = 35 weeks gestation and coded via the Fetal Neurobehavioral Assessment System (FENS). After delivery, the NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale was administered up to seven times over the first postnatal month. MSDP was associated with increased fetal activity and fetal limb movements. Fetal activity, complex body movements, and cardiac-somatic coupling were associated with infants' ability to attend to stimuli and to self-regulate over the first postnatal month. Furthermore, differential associations emerged by MSDP group between fetal activity, complex body movements, quality of movement, and coupling, and infant attention and self-regulation. The present study adds to a growing literature establishing the validity of fetal neurobehavioral measures in elucidating fetal programming pathways.
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