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Hosseininasab SS, Dhiaa SM, Shahrtash SA, Lak M, Faghihkhorasani A, Mahdi F. The interaction between klotho protein and epigenetic alteration in diabetes and treatment options. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2024; 23:333-341. [PMID: 38932867 PMCID: PMC11196449 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-024-01387-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Klotho is a membrane protein predominantly expressed in the kidneys, and its discovery was serendipitously made through gene-targeting experiments conducted on mice. Klotho has a favorable role in the regulation of multiple cellular processes, such as aging, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. This regulation occurs through the targeting of diverse signaling molecules, cell membrane receptors, and ion channels, achieved by physical contacts or enzymatic activities of Klotho. This review examines the role of Klotho in the epigenetic regulation of molecules associated with diabetes. Methods Authors conducted a thorough literature search using the PubMed®, Web of Science™, and Scopus®. Relevant articles up to September 2023, published in the English language were considered. We reviewed research databases searching for studies that included keywords klotho, epigenetic, and diabetes. Results 14 related papers about epigenetic modification of proteins involved in diabetes pathogenesis were selected to be included in this narrative review. In the studies, the kidney was the most investigated organ regarding this correlation. Also, phosphorylation and methylation were the common epigenetic modifications of proteins by Klotho. Conclusion Klotho has a significant role in the maturation of adipocytes and the regulation of systemic glucose metabolism, exhibiting a strong association with the pathogenesis of diabetes. Both epigenetic alterations and the modulation of protein phosphorylation by Klotho play significant roles in the regulation of Klotho expression and the modulation of other molecules implicated in the etiology of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mehrnoosh Lak
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Mahdi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
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Ho TJ, Tsai BCK, Debakshee G, Shibu MA, Kuo CH, Lin CH, Lin PY, Lin SZ, Kuo WW, Huang CY. Ohwia caudata aqueous extract attenuates senescence in aging adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29729. [PMID: 38698985 PMCID: PMC11064092 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Stem cells exhibit pluripotency and self-renewal abilities. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells can potentially be used to reconstruct various tissues. They possess significant versatility and alleviate various aging-related diseases. Unfortunately, aging leads to senescence, apoptosis, and a decline in regenerative capacity in adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. These changes necessitate a strategy to mitigate the effects of aging on stem cells. Ohwia caudata (O. caudata) has therapeutic effects against several illnesses. However, studies on whether O. caudata has therapeutic effects against aging are lacking. In this study, we aimed to identify potential therapeutic anti-aging effects in the crude aqueous extract of O. caudata on adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Using 0.1 μM doxorubicin, we induced aging in human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADMSCs) and evaluated whether various concentrations of O. caudata aqueous extract exhibit anti-aging effects on them. The O. caudata extract exhibited significant antioxidant effects on hADMSCs without any toxicity. Furthermore, after treatment with the O. caudata aqueous extract, the levels of mitochondrial superoxide, DNA double-strand breaks, and telomere shortening were reduced in the hADMSCs subjected to doxorubicin-induced aging. The extract also suppressed doxorubicin-induced aging by upregulating klotho and downregulating p21 in hADMSCs. These findings indicated that the O. caudata extract exhibited anti-aging properties that modulated hADMSC homeostasis. Therefore, it could be a potential candidate for restoring the self-renewal ability and multipotency of aging hADMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Jung Ho
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- Integration Center of Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Bruce Chi-Kang Tsai
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Goswami Debakshee
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Marthandam Asokan Shibu
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chia-Hua Kuo
- Department of Sports Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, University of Taipei, Tianmu Campus, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, USA
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chih-Hsueh Lin
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Yu Lin
- Buddhist Compassion Relief Tzu Chi Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Shinn-Zong Lin
- Bioinnovation Center, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Wen Kuo
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program for Biotechnology Industry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Center of General Education, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien, Taiwan
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Luo H, Zheng Z, Hu H, Sun C. Serum klotho levels and mortality patterns in frail individuals: unraveling the u-shaped association. Aging Clin Exp Res 2024; 36:92. [PMID: 38602574 PMCID: PMC11008069 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-024-02730-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frailty, a clinical syndrome intricately linked with the aging process, stands as a harbinger of numerous adverse outcomes, most notably mortality. This study aimed to elucidate the association between serum α-klotho concentration and mortality patterns, including all-cause and cause-specific mortality, in patients with frailty. METHODS The study employed Cox proportional hazard models, smoothed curve fitting, and supplementary analyses, encompassing threshold effect analysis, subgroup and sensitivity analyses, to explore the relationship between α-klotho levels and mortality, including all-cause, CVD, and cancer-related mortality. RESULTS Among the 2,608 frail individuals (mean age: 60.78 [SD 10.48] years; 59.89% female), the mortality stood at 25.35% during a median follow-up period of 6.95 years. Both unadjusted and adjusted models revealed a significant inverse association between higher serum α-klotho levels and the risk of all-cause and CVD-related mortality ([mean(95% CI) 0.68 (0.55, 0.83)] for all-cause mortality; [mean(95% CI) 0.48 (0.32, 0.74)] for CVD-related mortality, all P for trend < 0.001). Notably, log2-klotho displayed a U-shaped correlation with all-cause mortality and cancer mortality, characterized by thresholds of 9.48 and 9.55, respectively. The robustness of these findings was consistently supported by subgroup and sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSION This study unveils a U shaped association between serum α-klotho levels and both all-cause and cancer-related mortality among middle-aged and elderly individuals with frailty in the United States. The identified serum α-klotho thresholds, at 714.8 pg/ml for all-cause mortality and 750.6 pg/ml for cancer-related mortality, hold promise as potential targets for interventions aimed at mitigating the risks of premature death and cancer within this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Luo
- Department of Nursing, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, NO.1 Da Hua Road, DongDan, Beijing, 100730, China
- Graduate School of Peking, Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zitian Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries; Engineering Research Center of Sports Trauma Treatment Technology and Devices, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Huixiu Hu
- Department of Nursing, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, NO.1 Da Hua Road, DongDan, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Chao Sun
- Department of Nursing, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, NO.1 Da Hua Road, DongDan, Beijing, 100730, China.
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Zhang FF, Xu YQ, Xiong JH, Hu JX, Zhu GS, Cheng SM. Bibliometric study and review of Klotho research: global characteristics and trends from 2000 to 2023. Int Urol Nephrol 2024; 56:1045-1056. [PMID: 37728807 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-023-03792-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although Klotho-related research has seen a significant upsurge, the field lacks comprehensive analytical representation and in-depth exploration of pertinent areas such as prevailing research trends and key focus areas. METHOD This review presents a bibliometric analysis of literature data gathered from the Web of Science Core Collection databases from January 1, 2000, to April 30, 2023. Parameters such as co-authorship, co-citation, co-occurrence, and the emergence of publications, countries, categories, references, and keywords were scrutinized predominantly using Citespace software. RESULTS Our investigation amassed a total of 3548 papers, with the United States leading in the quantity of publications (1175, accounting for 33.12%), followed by China (867, representing 24.44%), and Japan (439, accounting for 12.37%). While the United States is preeminent in the overall volume of publications, Scotland holds prominence in terms of centrality. Out of a total of 96 subject categories, urology and nephrology (573), and endocrinology and metabolism (542) were the two leading domains of Klotho-related publications. The 2011 paper titled "FGF23 induces left ventricular hypertrophy" by Faul C et al. holds the distinction of being the most frequently cited. The keywords "fibroblast growth factor 23," "phosphate homeostasis," and "functional variants" demonstrated the highest intensity, underscoring the potential of these research areas. CONCLUSION As the volume of literature grows, the role of Klotho in disease management and its applicability as a marker in disease progression warrant vigilant tracking and study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen-Fen Zhang
- Graduate School, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yue-Qi Xu
- Graduate School, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jiang-Hao Xiong
- Graduate School, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jun-Xia Hu
- Graduate School, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi, China
| | - Guo-Shuang Zhu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1688 Meiling Avenue, Nanchang, 33004, Jiangxi Province, China.
| | - Shao-Min Cheng
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1688 Meiling Avenue, Nanchang, 33004, Jiangxi Province, China.
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Komaru Y, Bai YZ, Kreisel D, Herrlich A. Interorgan communication networks in the kidney-lung axis. Nat Rev Nephrol 2024; 20:120-136. [PMID: 37667081 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-023-00760-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
The homeostasis and health of an organism depend on the coordinated interaction of specialized organs, which is regulated by interorgan communication networks of circulating soluble molecules and neuronal connections. Many diseases that seemingly affect one primary organ are really multiorgan diseases, with substantial secondary remote organ complications that underlie a large part of their morbidity and mortality. Acute kidney injury (AKI) frequently occurs in critically ill patients with multiorgan failure and is associated with high mortality, particularly when it occurs together with respiratory failure. Inflammatory lung lesions in patients with kidney failure that could be distinguished from pulmonary oedema due to volume overload were first reported in the 1930s, but have been largely overlooked in clinical settings. A series of studies over the past two decades have elucidated acute and chronic kidney-lung and lung-kidney interorgan communication networks involving various circulating inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, metabolites, uraemic toxins, immune cells and neuro-immune pathways. Further investigations are warranted to understand these clinical entities of high morbidity and mortality, and to develop effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Komaru
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yun Zhu Bai
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Daniel Kreisel
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Andreas Herrlich
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- VA Saint Louis Health Care System, John Cochran Division, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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Topal M, Erkus E. Improving sleep quality is essential for enhancing soluble Klotho levels in hemodialysis patients. Int Urol Nephrol 2023; 55:3275-3280. [PMID: 37382769 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-023-03693-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sleep and Klotho seem to share common physiological pathways in aging. However, studies investigating this relationship are very few and none of them was done with a specific patient group. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of sleep quality and soluble Klotho levels in hemodialysis patients. METHODS 100 hemodialysis patients were included in this study. Soluble Klotho levels were obtained from each patient and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was performed by all patients. Association of soluble Klotho with sleep quality was calculated. RESULTS Soluble Klotho levels were significantly inversely correlated with total sleep quality score (p < 0.001, r = - 0.444). Among the subscales, soluble Klotho levels were negatively correlated with subjective sleep quality (p < 0.001, r = - 0.365), sleep latency (p = 0.002, r = - 0.312), sleep disturbance (p = 0.002, r = - 0.303) and daytime dysfunction (p = 0.027, r = - 0.221). Patients who had good sleep quality scores were found to have higher soluble Klotho levels [4.15 (0.05-22.68) vs. 1.14 (0.32-17.63), p < 0.001]. In regression analysis, total sleep quality score, subjective sleep quality and age were found to be independent negative factors for soluble Klotho levels. CONCLUSION In this study, a significant association between sleep quality and soluble Klotho levels was revealed in hemodialysis patients. Improving sleep quality will lead to increased soluble Klotho levels, which may further slow down the aging process in hemodialysis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Topal
- Clinic of Nephrology, Konya City Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Akabe Mahallesi Adana Çevreyolu Caddesi No: 135/1, 42020, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Edip Erkus
- Clinic of Nephrology, Konya City Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Akabe Mahallesi Adana Çevreyolu Caddesi No: 135/1, 42020, Konya, Turkey
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Neyra JA, Moe OW. Bone Dysregulation in Acute Kidney Injury. Nephron Clin Pract 2023; 147:747-753. [PMID: 37757785 DOI: 10.1159/000534228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a highly prevalent condition with multiple acute and chronic consequences. Survivors of AKI are at risk of AKI-to-chronic kidney disease (CKD) transition, which carries significant morbidity and mortality. One retrospective analysis showed increased risk of bone fracture post-AKI in humans, which was independent of CKD development. While there are several theoretical reasons for late disturbances of bone health post-AKI, no definitive data are available to date. An important question is whether there are bone sequelae from AKI that are independent of CKD, meaning bone disease prior to the onset, or in the absence of CKD - a form of "post-AKI osteopathy." While preclinical studies examining bone health after acute stressors have focused mostly on sepsis models, multiple experimental AKI models are readily available for longitudinal bone health interrogation. Future research should be tailored to define whether AKI is a risk factor, independent of CKD, for bone disease and if present, the time course and type of bone disease. This review summarizes a fraction of the existing data to provide some guidance in future research efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier A Neyra
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Orson W Moe
- Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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Che QC, Jia Q, Zhang XY, Sun SN, Zhang XJ, Shu Q. A prospective study of the association between serum klotho and mortality among adults with rheumatoid arthritis in the USA. Arthritis Res Ther 2023; 25:149. [PMID: 37587536 PMCID: PMC10428634 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-023-03137-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While it is known that klotho has negative regulatory effects in a variety of diseases such as metabolic disorders and kidney disease, the specific role of klotho in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and its effect on mortality are unclear. This study investigated the association between serum klotho levels and mortality in patients with RA. METHODS This study included 841 adults with RA from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2007 to 2016 to extract the concentrations of serum klotho. The association between klotho and RA was determined using Cox regression, Kaplan-Meier (KM) curves, and restricted cubic spline (RCS) models. RESULTS A total of 841 patients with RA were included in this study, who were divided into four groups based on the quartiles of serum klotho levels (Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4). Cox regression analysis with adjustment for covariates revealed that high levels of klotho lowered the risk of both all-cause and cardiovascular mortality compared to the Q1 group. The KM curve analysis suggested that this effect was more pronounced for all-cause mortality. The RCS-fitted Cox regression model indicated a U-shaped correlation between serum klotho levels and RA mortality. The risk of all-cause mortality increased with decreasing serum klotho levels below a threshold of 838.81 pg/mL. Subgroup analysis revealed that the protective effect of klotho was more pronounced in patients with the following characteristics: male, white ethnicity, age ≥ 60 years, body mass index < 25 kg/m2, estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥ 60 mL/ (min × 1.73 m2), and 25-hydroxyvitamin D level ≥ 50 nmol/L. CONCLUSION Serum klotho levels had a U-shaped correlation with all-cause mortality in patients with RA, indicating that maintain a certain level of serum klotho could prevent premature death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin-Cheng Che
- Department of Rheumatology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No.107, West Culture Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250012, China
- Department of Rheumatology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Immune Diseases and Gout, Jinan, China
| | - Qian Jia
- Department of Rheumatology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No.107, West Culture Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250012, China
- Department of Rheumatology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Immune Diseases and Gout, Jinan, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No.107, West Culture Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250012, China
- Department of Rheumatology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Immune Diseases and Gout, Jinan, China
| | - Shu-Ning Sun
- Department of Rheumatology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No.107, West Culture Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250012, China
- Department of Rheumatology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Immune Diseases and Gout, Jinan, China
| | - Xiao-Jie Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No.107, West Culture Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250012, China
- Department of Rheumatology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Immune Diseases and Gout, Jinan, China
| | - Qiang Shu
- Department of Rheumatology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No.107, West Culture Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250012, China.
- Department of Rheumatology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Immune Diseases and Gout, Jinan, China.
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Samanta A, Lufkin T, Kraus P. Intervertebral disc degeneration-Current therapeutic options and challenges. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1156749. [PMID: 37483952 PMCID: PMC10359191 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1156749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Degeneration of the intervertebral disc (IVD) is a normal part of aging. Due to the spine's declining function and the development of pain, it may affect one's physical health, mental health, and socioeconomic status. Most of the intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) therapies today focus on the symptoms of low back pain rather than the underlying etiology or mechanical function of the disc. The deteriorated disc is typically not restored by conservative or surgical therapies that largely focus on correcting symptoms and structural abnormalities. To enhance the clinical outcome and the quality of life of a patient, several therapeutic modalities have been created. In this review, we discuss genetic and environmental causes of IVDD and describe promising modern endogenous and exogenous therapeutic approaches including their applicability and relevance to the degeneration process.
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Giannuzzi F, Maiullari S, Gesualdo L, Sallustio F. The Mission of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Human Adult Renal Stem/Progenitor Cells and Renal Diseases. Cells 2023; 12:cells12081115. [PMID: 37190024 DOI: 10.3390/cells12081115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a large, heterogeneous class of transcripts and key regulators of gene expression at both the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels in different cellular contexts and biological processes. Understanding the potential mechanisms of action of lncRNAs and their role in disease onset and development may open up new possibilities for therapeutic approaches in the future. LncRNAs also play an important role in renal pathogenesis. However, little is known about lncRNAs that are expressed in the healthy kidney and that are involved in renal cell homeostasis and development, and even less is known about lncRNAs involved in human adult renal stem/progenitor cells (ARPC) homeostasis. Here we give a thorough overview of the biogenesis, degradation, and functions of lncRNAs and highlight our current understanding of their functional roles in kidney diseases. We also discuss how lncRNAs regulate stem cell biology, focusing finally on their role in human adult renal stem/progenitor cells, in which the lncRNA HOTAIR prevents them from becoming senescent and supports these cells to secrete high quantities of α-Klotho, an anti-aging protein capable of influencing the surrounding tissues and therefore modulating the renal aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Giannuzzi
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine (DIM), University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Silvia Maiullari
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine (DIM), University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Loreto Gesualdo
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
- MIRROR-Medical Institute for Regeneration, Repairing and Organ Replacement, Interdepartmental Center, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Fabio Sallustio
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
- MIRROR-Medical Institute for Regeneration, Repairing and Organ Replacement, Interdepartmental Center, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
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Luo L, Guo J, Li Y, Liu T, Lai L. Klotho promotes AMPK activity and maintains renal vascular integrity by regulating the YAP signaling pathway. Int J Med Sci 2023; 20:194-205. [PMID: 36794161 PMCID: PMC9925983 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.80220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The development and formation of mammalian blood vessels are closely related to the regulation of signal transduction pathways. Klotho/AMPK and YAP/TAZ signaling pathways are closely related to angiogenesis, but the internal relationship between them is not clear. In this study, we found that Klotho heterozygous deletion mice (Klotho+/- mice) had obvious thickening of the renal vascular wall, obvious enlargement of vascular volume, and significant proliferation and pricking of vascular endothelial cells. Western blot showed that the expression levels of total YAP protein, p-YAP protein (Ser127 and Ser397), p-MOB1, MST1, LATS1, and SAV1 in renal vascular endothelial cells were significantly lower in Klotho+/- mice than in wild-type mice. Knockdown of endogenous Klotho in HUVECs accelerated their ability to divide and form vascular branches in the extracellular matrix. Meanwhile, the results of CO-IP western blot showed that the expression of LATS1 and p-LATS1 interacting with AMPK protein decreased significantly, and the ubiquitination level of YAP protein also decreased significantly in vascular endothelial cells of kidney tissue of Klotho+/- mice. Subsequently, continuous overexpression of exogenous Klotho protein in Klotho heterozygous deficient mice effectively reversed the abnormal renal vascular structure by weakening the expression of the YAP signal transduction pathway. Therefore, we confirmed that Klotho and AMPKα proteins were highly expressed in vascular endothelial cells of adult mouse tissues and organs; this resulted in a phosphorylation modification of YAP protein, closed the activity of the YAP/TAZ signal transduction pathway, and inhibited the growth and proliferation of vascular endothelial cells. When Klotho was absent, the phosphorylation modification of YAP protein by AMPKα was inhibited, resulting in the activation of the YAP/TAZ signal transduction pathway and finally inducing the excessive proliferation of vascular endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Luo
- The Department of Nephrology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.,Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jianming Guo
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yi Li
- The Department of Nephrology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Te Liu
- Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Lingyun Lai
- Division of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
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12
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Yan Y, Chen J. Association between serum Klotho concentration and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among American individuals with hypertension. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1013747. [PMID: 36457804 PMCID: PMC9705974 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1013747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Evidence indicates that serum Klotho concentration is associated with mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, evidence on this association among people with hypertension is scarce. Therefore, we aimed to examine the association between serum Klotho concentration and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in American patients with hypertension. METHODS AND RESULTS We included 6,778 participants with hypertension from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2014. A Cox proportional hazard model was used to compute the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The correlation between serum Klotho concentration and mortality was determined using restricted cubic spline and piecewise linear regression analyses. During 36,714 person-years of follow-up, 575 deaths were documented. Lower serum Klotho concentration was associated with increased all-cause mortality, but not cardiovascular mortality after multivariate adjustment. According to spline analysis, the correlation between serum Klotho concentration and all-cause mortality was non-linear (P < 0.001), and the threshold value was 574 pg/mL. The HR below the threshold point was 0.79 (95% CI: 0.67-0.93); no significant difference was found above the threshold point. CONCLUSION Higher serum Klotho concentration was associated with lower all-cause mortality, but not cardiovascular mortality in patients with hypertension with or without chronic renal impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Yan
- *Correspondence: Yuqin Yan, ; orcid.org/0000-0001-6973-8909
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13
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Picerno A, Giannuzzi F, Curci C, De Palma G, Di Chiano MG, Simone S, Franzin R, Gallone A, Di Lorenzo VF, Stasi A, Pertosa GB, Sabbà C, Gesualdo L, Sallustio F. The long non-coding RNA HOTAIR controls the self-renewal, cell senescence, and secretion of antiaging protein α-Klotho in human adult renal progenitor cells. Stem Cells 2022; 40:963-975. [PMID: 35922038 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxac054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) play an important role in several biological processes including some renal diseases. Nevertheless, little is known on lncRNA that are expressed in healthy kidney and involved in renal cell homeostasis and development, and even less is known about lncRNA involved in the maintenance of human adult renal stem/progenitor cells (ARPCs) that have been shown to be very important for renal homeostasis and repair processes. Through a whole genome transcriptome screening, we found that the HOTAIR lncRNA is highly expressed in renal progenitors and potentially involved in cell cycle and senescence biological processes. By CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing, we generated HOTAIR knock-out ARPC lines and established a key role of this lncRNA in ARPC self-renewal properties by sustaining their proliferative capacity and limiting the apoptotic process. Intriguingly, the HOTAIR knock-out led to the ARPC senescence and to a significant decrease of the CD133 stem cell marker expression, that is an inverse marker of ARPC senescence and can regulate renal tubular repair after the damage. Furthermore, we found that ARPCs expressed high levels of the α-Klotho anti-aging protein and especially 2.6-fold higher levels compared to that secreted by renal proximal tubular cells (RPTECs). Finally, we showed that HOTAIR exerts its function through the epigenetic silencing of the cell cycle inhibitor p15 inducing the trimethylation of the histone H3K27. Altogether, these results shed new light on the mechanisms of regulation of these important renal cells and may support the future development of precision therapies for kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Picerno
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesca Giannuzzi
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Claudia Curci
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, DETO, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe De Palma
- MIRROR-Medical Institute for Regeneration, Repairing and Organ Replacement, Interdepartmental Center, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Giovanna Di Chiano
- Institutional BioBank, Experimental Oncology and Biobank Management Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italia
| | - Simona Simone
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, DETO, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Rossana Franzin
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, DETO, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124, Bari, Italy.,MIRROR-Medical Institute for Regeneration, Repairing and Organ Replacement, Interdepartmental Center, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Anna Gallone
- MIRROR-Medical Institute for Regeneration, Repairing and Organ Replacement, Interdepartmental Center, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Alessandra Stasi
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, DETO, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124, Bari, Italy.,MIRROR-Medical Institute for Regeneration, Repairing and Organ Replacement, Interdepartmental Center, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Battista Pertosa
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, DETO, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124, Bari, Italy.,MIRROR-Medical Institute for Regeneration, Repairing and Organ Replacement, Interdepartmental Center, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Carlo Sabbà
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Loreto Gesualdo
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, DETO, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124, Bari, Italy.,MIRROR-Medical Institute for Regeneration, Repairing and Organ Replacement, Interdepartmental Center, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Fabio Sallustio
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124, Bari, Italy.,MIRROR-Medical Institute for Regeneration, Repairing and Organ Replacement, Interdepartmental Center, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
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14
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Prud’homme GJ, Kurt M, Wang Q. Pathobiology of the Klotho Antiaging Protein and Therapeutic Considerations. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 3:931331. [PMID: 35903083 PMCID: PMC9314780 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2022.931331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Abstract
The α-Klotho protein (henceforth denoted Klotho) has antiaging properties, as first observed in mice homozygous for a hypomorphic Klotho gene (kl/kl). These mice have a shortened lifespan, stunted growth, renal disease, hyperphosphatemia, hypercalcemia, vascular calcification, cardiac hypertrophy, hypertension, pulmonary disease, cognitive impairment, multi-organ atrophy and fibrosis. Overexpression of Klotho has opposite effects, extending lifespan. In humans, Klotho levels decline with age, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease and other conditions. Low Klotho levels correlate with an increase in the death rate from all causes. Klotho acts either as an obligate coreceptor for fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), or as a soluble pleiotropic endocrine hormone (s-Klotho). It is mainly produced in the kidneys, but also in the brain, pancreas and other tissues. On renal tubular-cell membranes, it associates with FGF receptors to bind FGF23. Produced in bones, FGF23 regulates renal excretion of phosphate (phosphaturic effect) and vitamin D metabolism. Lack of Klotho or FGF23 results in hyperphosphatemia and hypervitaminosis D. With age, human renal function often deteriorates, lowering Klotho levels. This appears to promote age-related pathology. Remarkably, Klotho inhibits four pathways that have been linked to aging in various ways: Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), Wnt and NF-κB. These can induce cellular senescence, apoptosis, inflammation, immune dysfunction, fibrosis and neoplasia. Furthermore, Klotho increases cell-protective antioxidant enzymes through Nrf2 and FoxO. In accord, preclinical Klotho therapy ameliorated renal, cardiovascular, diabetes-related and neurodegenerative diseases, as well as cancer. s-Klotho protein injection was effective, but requires further investigation. Several drugs enhance circulating Klotho levels, and some cross the blood-brain barrier to potentially act in the brain. In clinical trials, increased Klotho was noted with renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (losartan, valsartan), a statin (fluvastatin), mTOR inhibitors (rapamycin, everolimus), vitamin D and pentoxifylline. In preclinical work, antidiabetic drugs (metformin, GLP-1-based, GABA, PPAR-γ agonists) also enhanced Klotho. Several traditional medicines and/or nutraceuticals increased Klotho in rodents, including astaxanthin, curcumin, ginseng, ligustilide and resveratrol. Notably, exercise and sport activity increased Klotho. This review addresses molecular, physiological and therapeutic aspects of Klotho.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gérald J. Prud’homme
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Gérald J. Prud’homme,
| | - Mervé Kurt
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Qinghua Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Yinuo Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
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15
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Gupta M, Orozco G, Rao M, Gedaly R, Malluche HH, Neyra JA. The Role of Alterations in Alpha-Klotho and FGF-23 in Kidney Transplantation and Kidney Donation. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:803016. [PMID: 35602513 PMCID: PMC9121872 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.803016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease and mineral bone disorders are major contributors to morbidity and mortality among patients with chronic kidney disease and often persist after renal transplantation. Ongoing hormonal imbalances after kidney transplant (KT) are associated with loss of graft function and poor outcomes. Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) and its co-receptor, α-Klotho, are key factors in the underlying mechanisms that integrate accelerated atherosclerosis, vascular calcification, mineral disorders, and osteodystrophy. On the other hand, kidney donation is also associated with endocrine and metabolic adaptations that include transient increases in circulating FGF-23 and decreases in α-Klotho levels. However, the long-term impact of these alterations and their clinical relevance have not yet been determined. This manuscript aims to review and summarize current data on the role of FGF-23 and α-Klotho in the endocrine response to KT and living kidney donation, and importantly, underscore specific areas of research that may enhance diagnostics and therapeutics in the growing population of KT recipients and kidney donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meera Gupta
- Department of Surgery - Transplant Division, University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, United States
- Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- *Correspondence: Meera Gupta
| | - Gabriel Orozco
- Department of Surgery - Transplant Division, University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, United States
- Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Madhumati Rao
- Department of Internal Medicine - Nephrology, Bone and Mineral Metabolism Division, University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Roberto Gedaly
- Department of Surgery - Transplant Division, University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, United States
- Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Hartmut H. Malluche
- Department of Internal Medicine - Nephrology, Bone and Mineral Metabolism Division, University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Javier A. Neyra
- Department of Internal Medicine - Nephrology, Bone and Mineral Metabolism Division, University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, United States
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Javier A. Neyra
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16
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References Values of Soluble α-Klotho Serum Levels Using an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay in Healthy Adults Aged 18-85 Years. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11092415. [PMID: 35566540 PMCID: PMC9101232 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11092415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
α-Klotho protein is a powerful predictor of the aging process and lifespan. Although lowered circulating soluble α-Klotho levels have been observed in aged non-healthy individuals, no specific reference values across a wide range of ages and sex using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) are available for larger cohorts of healthy individuals. The present analytical cross-sectional study was aimed to establish the reference values of soluble α-Klotho serum levels in healthy adults by age and sex groups. A total of 346 (59% women) healthy individuals aged from 18 to 85 years were recruited. Subjects were divided by sex and age as: (i) young (18−34.9 years), (ii) middle-aged (35−54.9 years), and (iii) senior (55−85 years) individuals. The soluble α-Klotho levels were measured in serum using ELISA. Senior adults were the age-group that presented the lowest soluble α-Klotho serum levels (p < 0.01), with age showing a negative association with soluble α-Klotho serum levels (p < 0.001). No differences between sexes were observed. Therefore, soluble α-Klotho levels were especially decreased—regardless of sex—in our cohort of healthy individuals because of the physiological decline derived from the aging process. We recommend routine assessments of soluble α-Klotho levels using ELISA as a simple and cheap detectable marker of aging that improves quality of life in the elderly.
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Franco ML, Beyerstedt S, Rangel ÉB. Klotho and Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Review on Cell and Gene Therapy for Chronic Kidney Disease and Acute Kidney Disease. Pharmaceutics 2021; 14:pharmaceutics14010011. [PMID: 35056905 PMCID: PMC8778857 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and acute kidney injury (AKI) are public health problems, and their prevalence rates have increased with the aging of the population. They are associated with the presence of comorbidities, in particular diabetes mellitus and hypertension, resulting in a high financial burden for the health system. Studies have indicated Klotho as a promising therapeutic approach for these conditions. Klotho reduces inflammation, oxidative stress and fibrosis and counter-regulates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. In CKD and AKI, Klotho expression is downregulated from early stages and correlates with disease progression. Therefore, the restoration of its levels, through exogenous or endogenous pathways, has renoprotective effects. An important strategy for administering Klotho is through mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In summary, this review comprises in vitro and in vivo studies on the therapeutic potential of Klotho for the treatment of CKD and AKI through the administration of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Liciani Franco
- Albert Einstein Research and Education Institute, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo 05652-900, Brazil; (M.L.F.); (S.B.)
| | - Stephany Beyerstedt
- Albert Einstein Research and Education Institute, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo 05652-900, Brazil; (M.L.F.); (S.B.)
| | - Érika Bevilaqua Rangel
- Albert Einstein Research and Education Institute, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo 05652-900, Brazil; (M.L.F.); (S.B.)
- Nephrology Division, Federal University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo 04038-901, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-11-2151-2148
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18
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Herrlich A. Interorgan crosstalk mechanisms in disease: the case of acute kidney injury-induced remote lung injury. FEBS Lett 2021; 596:620-637. [PMID: 34932216 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Homeostasis and health of multicellular organisms with multiple organs depends on interorgan communication. Tissue injury in one organ disturbs this homeostasis and can lead to disease in multiple organs, or multiorgan failure. Many routes of interorgan crosstalk during homeostasis are relatively well known, but interorgan crosstalk in disease still lacks understanding. In particular, how tissue injury in one organ can drive injury at remote sites and trigger multiorgan failure with high mortality is poorly understood. As examples, acute kidney injury can trigger acute lung injury and cardiovascular dysfunction; pneumonia, sepsis or liver failure conversely can cause kidney failure; lung transplantation very frequently triggers acute kidney injury. Mechanistically, interorgan crosstalk after tissue injury could involve soluble mediators and their target receptors, cellular mediators, in particular immune cells, as well as newly identified neuro-immune connections. In this review, I will focus the discussion of deleterious interorgan crosstalk and its mechanistic concepts on one example, acute kidney injury-induced remote lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Herrlich
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, MO, USA
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19
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Hanson K, Fisher K, Hooper N. Exploiting the neuroprotective effects of α-klotho to tackle ageing- and neurodegeneration-related cognitive dysfunction. Neuronal Signal 2021; 5:NS20200101. [PMID: 34194816 PMCID: PMC8204227 DOI: 10.1042/ns20200101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive dysfunction is a key symptom of ageing and neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Strategies to enhance cognition would impact the quality of life for a significant proportion of the ageing population. The α-klotho protein may protect against cognitive decline through multiple mechanisms: such as promoting optimal synaptic function via activation of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor signalling; stimulating the antioxidant defence system; reducing inflammation; promoting autophagy and enhancing clearance of amyloid-β. However, the molecular and cellular pathways by which α-klotho mediates these neuroprotective functions have yet to be fully elucidated. Key questions remain unanswered: which form of α-klotho (transmembrane, soluble or secreted) mediates its cognitive enhancing properties; what is the neuronal receptor for α-klotho and which signalling pathways are activated by α-klotho in the brain to enhance cognition; how does peripherally administered α-klotho mediate neuroprotection; and what is the molecular basis for the beneficial effect of the VS variant of α-klotho? In this review, we summarise the recent research on neuronal α-klotho and discuss how the neuroprotective properties of α-klotho could be exploited to tackle age- and neurodegeneration-associated cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Hanson
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, U.K
| | - Kate Fisher
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, U.K
| | - Nigel M. Hooper
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, U.K
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance and University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K
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20
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Li L, Pastor J, Zhang J, Davidson T, Hu MC, Moe OW. In search of alternatively spliced alpha-Klotho Kl1 protein in mouse brain. FASEB Bioadv 2021; 3:531-540. [PMID: 34258522 PMCID: PMC8255843 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2020-00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alpha‐Klotho is a multi‐functional protein essential for maintenance of a myriad of cell functions. αKlotho is a single transmembrane protein with a large extracellular segment consisting of two domains (termed Kl1 and Kl2) which is shed into the extracellular fluid by proteolytic cleavage to furnish circulating soluble αKlotho. Based on cDNA sequence, an alternatively spliced mRNA is predicted to translate to a putative soluble αKlotho protein in mouse and human with only the Kl1 domain that represents a “spliced αKlotho Kl1” (spKl1) and is released from the cell without membrane targeting or cleavage. The existence of this protein remains in silico for two decades. We generated a novel antibody (anti‐spE15) against the 15 amino acid epitope (E15; VSPLTKPSVGLLLPH) which is not present in Kl1 or full‐length αKlotho and validated its specific reactivity against spKl1 in vitro. Using anti‐spE15 and two well‐established anti‐αKlotho monoclonal antibodies, we performed immunoblots, immunoprecipitation, and immunohistochemistry to investigate for expression of spKl1 in the mouse brain. We found anti‐spE15 labeling in mouse brain but were not able to see co‐labelling of Kl1 and spE15 epitopes on the same protein, which is the pre‐requisite for the existence of a spKl1 polypeptide, indicating that anti‐spE15 likely binds to another protein other than the putative spKl1. In isolated choroid plexus from mouse brain, we found strong staining with anti‐spE15, but did not find the spliced αKlotho transcript. We conclude that using reliable reagents and inclusion of proper controls, there is no evidence of the spKl1 protein in the mouse brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Li
- Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research Dallas TX USA
| | - Johanne Pastor
- Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research Dallas TX USA
| | - Jianning Zhang
- Division of Nephrology Department of Internal Medicine University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas TX USA
| | - Taylor Davidson
- Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research Dallas TX USA
| | - Ming-Chang Hu
- Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research Dallas TX USA
| | - Orson W Moe
- Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research Dallas TX USA.,Division of Nephrology Department of Internal Medicine University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas TX USA.,Department of Physiology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas TX USA
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21
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Xu L, Idrees M, Joo MD, Sidrat T, Wei Y, Song SH, Lee KL, Kong IK. Constitutive Expression of TERT Enhances β-Klotho Expression and Improves Age-Related Deterioration in Early Bovine Embryos. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105327. [PMID: 34070219 PMCID: PMC8158768 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-associated decline in oocyte quality is one of the dominant factors of low fertility. Aging alters several key processes, such as telomere lengthening, cell senescence, and cellular longevity of granulosa cells surrounding oocyte. To investigate the age-dependent molecular changes, we examined the expression, localization, and correlation of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) and β-Klotho (KLB) in bovine granulosa cells, oocytes, and early embryos during the aging process. Herein, cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) obtained from aged cows (>120 months) via ovum pick-up (OPU) showed reduced expression of β-Klotho and its co-receptor fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1). TERT plasmid injection into pronuclear zygotes not only markedly enhanced day-8 blastocysts’ development competence (39.1 ± 0.8%) compared to the control (31.1 ± 0.5%) and D-galactose (17.9 ± 1.0%) treatment groups but also enhanced KLB and FGFR1 expression. In addition, plasmid-injected zygotes displayed a considerable enhancement in blastocyst quality and implantation potential. Cycloastragenol (CAG), an extract of saponins, stimulates telomerase enzymes and enhances KLB expression and alleviates age-related deterioration in cultured primary bovine granulosa cells. In conclusion, telomerase activation or constitutive expression will increase KLB expression and activate the FGFR1/β-Klotho pathway in bovine granulosa cells and early embryos, inhibiting age-related malfunctioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianguang Xu
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Gyeongnam Province, Korea; (L.X.); (M.I.); (M.-D.J.); (T.S.); (Y.W.)
| | - Muhammad Idrees
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Gyeongnam Province, Korea; (L.X.); (M.I.); (M.-D.J.); (T.S.); (Y.W.)
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Gyeongnam Province, Korea
| | - Myeong-Don Joo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Gyeongnam Province, Korea; (L.X.); (M.I.); (M.-D.J.); (T.S.); (Y.W.)
| | - Tabinda Sidrat
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Gyeongnam Province, Korea; (L.X.); (M.I.); (M.-D.J.); (T.S.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yiran Wei
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Gyeongnam Province, Korea; (L.X.); (M.I.); (M.-D.J.); (T.S.); (Y.W.)
| | - Seok-Hwan Song
- The Kingkong Co., Ltd., Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Gyeongnam Province, Korea; (S.-H.S.); (K.-L.L.)
| | - Kyeong-Lim Lee
- The Kingkong Co., Ltd., Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Gyeongnam Province, Korea; (S.-H.S.); (K.-L.L.)
| | - Il-Keun Kong
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Gyeongnam Province, Korea; (L.X.); (M.I.); (M.-D.J.); (T.S.); (Y.W.)
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Gyeongnam Province, Korea
- The Kingkong Co., Ltd., Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Gyeongnam Province, Korea; (S.-H.S.); (K.-L.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-55-772-1942
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22
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Lai L, Li Y, Liu J, Luo L, Tang J, Xue J, Liu T. Bovine serum albumin aggravates macrophage M1 activation and kidney injury in heterozygous Klotho-deficient mice via the gut microbiota-immune axis. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:742-755. [PMID: 33767585 PMCID: PMC7975693 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.56424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Klotho expression abnormalities induces kidney injury and chronic kidney disease, however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, Klotho+/- mice and wild-type mice were treated with low-dose bovine serum albumin (BSA). Pathological examination demonstrated that the area of glomerular collagen deposition and fibrosis in BSA-Kl-/+ mice was significantly larger than that in BSA-WT mice. The serum levels of superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, creatinine, and urea in BSA-Kl-/+ mice were significantly increased. Sequencing of gut microbiota 16S rRNA v3-v4 region indicated that BSA-Kl-/+ mice showed a significantly higher relative abundance of the genera Dubosiella, Akkermansia, Alloprevotella, and Lachnospiraceae and a significantly lower relative abundance of the genera Allobaculum and Muribaculaceae than BSA-WT mice. KEGG analysis revealed that the metabolic pathways of signal transduction, xenobiotic biodegradation and metabolism, and lipid metabolism increased significantly in BSA-Kl-/+ mice. Flow cytometry showed that the proportion of CD68+/CD11b+ cells in the peripheral blood was significantly higher in BSA-KL-/+ mice than that in BSA-WT mice. qPCR and western blot suggested that Klotho and Nrf2 expression in MΦ1 cells of BSA-KL-/+ mice was significantly decreased. Thus, the findings suggest during the immune activation and chronic inflammation induced by the gut microbiota imbalance in Klotho-deficient mice treated to BSA, disrupted expression of proteins in the Nrf2/NF-κB signaling pathway in monocyte-derived macrophage M1 cells leads to the aggravation of inflammation and kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyun Lai
- Division of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yi Li
- Division of Nephrology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Trauma-Emergency & Critical Care Medicine Center, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Lei Luo
- Division of Nephrology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jianguo Tang
- Trauma-Emergency & Critical Care Medicine Center, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jun Xue
- Division of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Te Liu
- Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200031, China.,Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
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23
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Chen C, Wu L, Xie C, Zhao X, Mao H, Xing C. The role of AMP-activated protein kinase α1-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress in alleviating the toxic effect of uremic toxin indoxyl sulfate on vascular endothelial cells by Klotho. J Appl Toxicol 2021; 41:1446-1455. [PMID: 33458837 PMCID: PMC8451879 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the Klotho protein (Klotho) has received substantial attention as protective factor against cardiovascular complications of chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the direct effect and mechanism of Klotho on endothelial cells injury are not well-known. In this study, we incubated human vein umbilical endothelial cells (HUVECs) with uremic toxin indoxyl sulfate (IS) to mimic CKD internal environment and investigated the direct effect of Klotho on the HUVECs injury induced by IS and to explore the mechanism in this process. We found IS inhibited cell viability, increased endoplasmic reticulum stress, and mediated apoptosis of HUVECs. Treatment with Klotho significantly attenuated IS-induced above effects. Furthermore, Klotho alleviated the IS toxic effect on HUVECs via promoting AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) α1 phosphorylation instead of directly upregulating AMPKα1, which could be partly blocked by AMPK pathway inhibitor-Compound C. In addition, Klotho also inhibited intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression induced by IS. Altogether, these results indicated that Klotho can protect HUVECs from IS-induced injury by alleviating AMPKα1-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Wu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Caidie Xie
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiufen Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Huijuan Mao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Changying Xing
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China
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Typiak M, Piwkowska A. Antiinflammatory Actions of Klotho: Implications for Therapy of Diabetic Nephropathy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020956. [PMID: 33478014 PMCID: PMC7835923 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Klotho was initially introduced as an antiaging molecule. Klotho deficiency significantly reduces lifespan, and its overexpression extends it and protects against various pathological phenotypes, especially renal disease. It was shown to regulate phosphate and calcium metabolism, protect against oxidative stress, downregulate apoptosis, and have antiinflammatory and antifibrotic properties. The course of diabetes mellitus and diabetic nephropathy resembles premature cellular senescence and causes the activation of various proinflammatory and profibrotic processes. Klotho was shown to exert many beneficial effects in these disorders. The expression of Klotho protein is downregulated in early stages of inflammation and diabetic nephropathy by proinflammatory factors. Therefore, its therapeutic effects are diminished in this disorder. Significantly lower urine levels of Klotho may serve as an early biomarker of renal involvement in diabetes mellitus. Recombinant Klotho administration and Klotho overexpression may have immunotherapeutic potential for the treatment of both diabetes and diabetic nephropathy. Therefore, the current manuscript aims to characterize immunopathologies occurring in diabetes and diabetic nephropathy, and tries to match them with antiinflammatory actions of Klotho. It also gives reasons for Klotho to be used in diagnostics and immunotherapy of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlena Typiak
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Agnieszka Piwkowska
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland;
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
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25
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Neyra JA, Hu MC, Moe OW. Klotho in Clinical Nephrology: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Implications. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2021; 16:162-176. [PMID: 32699047 PMCID: PMC7792642 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.02840320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
αKlotho (called Klotho here) is a membrane protein that serves as the coreceptor for the circulating hormone fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23). Klotho is also cleaved and released as a circulating substance originating primarily from the kidney and exerts a myriad of housekeeping functions in just about every organ. The vital role of Klotho is shown by the multiorgan failure with genetic deletion in rodents, with certain features reminiscent of human disease. The most common causes of systemic Klotho deficiency are AKI and CKD. Preclinical data on Klotho biology have advanced considerably and demonstrated its potential diagnostic and therapeutic value; however, multiple knowledge gaps exist in the regulation of Klotho expression, release, and metabolism; its target organs; and mechanisms of action. In the translational and clinical fronts, progress has been more modest. Nonetheless, Klotho has potential clinical applications in the diagnosis of AKI and CKD, in prognosis of progression and extrarenal complications, and finally, as replacement therapy for systemic Klotho deficiency. The overall effect of Klotho in clinical nephrology requires further technical advances and additional large prospective human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier A. Neyra
- Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, Dallas, Texas,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas,Division of Nephrology, Bone and Mineral Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Ming Chang Hu
- Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, Dallas, Texas,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Orson W. Moe
- Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, Dallas, Texas,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas,Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
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26
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Zhao Y, Yi Y, Gu B, Wang H, Ma J, Guo Z. Echinacoside protects adenine-induced uremic rats from sciatic nerve damage by up-regulating α-Klotho. JOURNAL OF MUSCULOSKELETAL & NEURONAL INTERACTIONS 2021; 21:413-421. [PMID: 34465681 PMCID: PMC8426649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the therapeutic effect of Echinacoside on uremia-induced sciatic nerve injury and explore the specific molecular mechanism and role of α-Klotho. METHODS SD rats were given continuous gavage of adenine to prepare a uremia-induced sciatic nerve injury model. The model was given either Echinacoside or α-Klotho by gavage. Histopathological changes of kidney and sciatic nerve were detected by H&E staining. The changes of creatinine, urea nitrogen, and urine protein were detected by biochemical detection. The changes of IL-1β and IL-18 were detected by ELISA. Nerve activity-related indicators were detected by biochemical detection. Changes in related mRNA and protein expression were detected by qPCR and western blot. RESULTS Creatinine, urea nitrogen, urine protein, and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the model group were significantly increased and inhibited by Echinacoside and α-Klotho treatment with Echinacoside dose-dependence. Meanwhile, the activities of ATP concentration, potassium adenosine triphosphate (Na+, K+ ATPase), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) showed opposite trends. CONCLUSIONS Echinacoside can significantly relieve uremia-induced sciatic nerve injury in rats. Its specific molecular mechanism is related to the inhibition of the classical cellular pyroptosis pathway, which is likely achieved by promoting α-Klotho expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingdan Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Changhai Hospital of Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Yi
- Department of Nephrology, Jing’ an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Gu
- Department of Nephrology, Jing’ an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanqing Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Jing’ an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Jing’ an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Jun Ma, Department of Nephrology, Jing’ an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China E-mail:
| | - Zhiyong Guo
- Department of Nephrology, Changhai Hospital of Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Suku M, Laiva AL, O’Brien FJ, Keogh MB. Anti-Ageing Protein β-Klotho Rejuvenates Diabetic Stem Cells for Improved Gene-Activated Scaffold Based Wound Healing. J Pers Med 2020; 11:jpm11010004. [PMID: 33375065 PMCID: PMC7822036 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin wounds can lead to serious morbidity complications in diabetic patients due to the reduced healing potential of autologous stem cells. One reason for the low functional potency of stem cells from diabetic patients (diabetic stem cells) is attributed to their senescent-like nature. Here, we investigated if an anti-ageing protein, β-klotho, could be used to rejuvenate diabetic stem cells and to promote pro-angiogenic gene-activated scaffold (GAS)-induced functional response for wound healing applications. Human stem cells derived from the adipose tissue (adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs)) of normal and diabetic (type 2) donors were used for the study. We report that the β-klotho priming facilitated inflammatory signal pruning by reducing interleukin-8 release by more than half while concurrently doubling the release of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. Additionally, β-klotho priming enhanced the pro-angiogenic response of diabetic ADSCs on GAS by dampening the release of anti-angiogenic factors (i.e., pigment epithelium-derived factor, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 and thrombospondin-1) while simultaneously supporting the expression of pro-angiogenic factors (i.e., Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), angiopoietin-2 and angiogenin). Finally, we show that β-klotho pre-treatment expedites the cellular expression of matrix proteins such as collagen IV and collagen VI, which are implicated in tissue maturation. Taken together, our study provides evidence that the synergistic effect of the pro-angiogenic GAS and β-klotho activation effectively accelerates the functional development of diabetic ADSCs for wound healing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Suku
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Medical University of Bahrain, Kingdom of Bahrain P.O. Box 15503, Ireland; (M.S.); (A.L.L.)
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen’s Green, Dublin 2, Ireland;
| | - Ashang Luwang Laiva
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Medical University of Bahrain, Kingdom of Bahrain P.O. Box 15503, Ireland; (M.S.); (A.L.L.)
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen’s Green, Dublin 2, Ireland;
| | - Fergal J. O’Brien
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen’s Green, Dublin 2, Ireland;
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Michael B. Keogh
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Medical University of Bahrain, Kingdom of Bahrain P.O. Box 15503, Ireland; (M.S.); (A.L.L.)
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen’s Green, Dublin 2, Ireland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +97-316-660-128
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28
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Xu J, Zhou L, Liu Y. Cellular Senescence in Kidney Fibrosis: Pathologic Significance and Therapeutic Strategies. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:601325. [PMID: 33362554 PMCID: PMC7759549 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.601325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related disorders such as chronic kidney disease (CKD) are increasingly prevalent globally and pose unprecedented challenges. In many aspects, CKD can be viewed as a state of accelerated and premature aging. Aging kidney and CKD share many common characteristic features with increased cellular senescence, a conserved program characterized by an irreversible cell cycle arrest with altered transcriptome and secretome. While developmental senescence and acute senescence may positively contribute to the fine-tuning of embryogenesis and injury repair, chronic senescence, when unresolved promptly, plays a crucial role in kidney fibrogenesis and CKD progression. Senescent cells elicit their fibrogenic actions primarily by secreting an assortment of inflammatory and profibrotic factors known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Increasing evidence indicates that senescent cells could be a promising new target for therapeutic intervention known as senotherapy, which includes depleting senescent cells, modulating SASP and restoration of senescence inhibitors. In this review, we discuss current understanding of the role and mechanism of cellular senescence in kidney fibrosis. We also highlight potential options of targeting senescent cells for the treatment of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lili Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Youhua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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29
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Herb-Derived Products: Natural Tools to Delay and Counteract Stem Cell Senescence. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:8827038. [PMID: 33101419 PMCID: PMC7568162 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8827038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence plays a very important role in organismal aging increasing with age and in age-related diseases (ARDs). This process involves physiological, structural, biochemical, and molecular changes of cells, leading to a characteristic trait referred to "senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP)." In particular, with aging, stem cells (SCs) in situ exhibit a diminished capacity of self-renewal and show a decline in their functionality. The identification of interventions able to prevent the accumulation of senescent SCs in the organism or to pretreat cultured multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) prior to employing them for cell therapy is a main purpose of medical research. Many approaches have been investigated and resulted effective to prevent or counteract SC senescence in humans, as well as other animal models. In this work, we have reviewed the chance of using a number of herb-derived products as novel tools in the treatment of cell senescence, highlighting the efficacy of these agents, often still far from being clearly understood.
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30
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Yu L, Li M. Roles of klotho and stem cells in mediating vascular calcification (Review). Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:124. [PMID: 33005250 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification, characterized by the active deposition of calcium phosphate in the vascular walls, is commonly observed in aging, diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease. This process is mediated by different cell types, including vascular stem/progenitor cells. The anti-aging protein klotho may act as an inhibitor of vascular calcification through direct effects on vascular stem/progenitor cells with osteogenic differentiation potential. A better understanding of the possible effects of klotho on vascular stem/progenitor cells may provide novel insight into the cellular and molecular mechanisms of klotho deficiency-related vascular calcification and disease. The klotho protein may be considered as a promising therapeutic agent for treating vascular calcification and disease and calcification-related vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangzhu Yu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular, Cerebrovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China.,Departments of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Mincai Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular, Cerebrovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China.,Departments of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
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31
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Zhao Y, Zeng C, Li X, Yang T, Kuang X, Du J. Klotho overexpression improves amyloid-β clearance and cognition in the APP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13239. [PMID: 32964663 PMCID: PMC7576297 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent type of dementia, characterized by the presence of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques. We previously reported that Klotho lowered Aβ levels in the brain and protected against cognitive deficits in amyloid precursor protein/presenilin 1(APP/PS1) mice. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we induced intracerebral Klotho overexpression in 13-month-old APP/PS1 mice by injecting lentivirus that carried full-length mouse Klotho cDNA in the lateral ventricle of the brain. We examined the effects of Klotho overexpression on cognition, Aβ burden, Aβ-related neuropathology, microglia transformation, and Aβ transport systems in vivo. Additionally, we investigated the effects of Klotho on Aβ transport at the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier by knocking down Klotho in primary human choroid plexus epithelial cells (HCPEpiCs). The upregulation of Klotho levels in the brain and serum significantly ameliorated Aβ burden, neuronal and synaptic loss and cognitive deficits in aged APP/PS1 mice. Klotho treatment significantly inhibited NACHT, LRR, and PYD domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) and the subsequent transformation of microglia to the M2 type that may enhance microglia-mediated Aβ clearance. Meanwhile, Klotho overexpression also regulated Aβ transporter expression, which may promote Aβ transporter-mediated Aβ clearance. Moreover, the ability of HCPEpiCs to transport Aβ in vitro was also significantly impaired by Klotho knockdown. Given the neuroprotective effect of Klotho overexpression, the present findings suggest that Klotho should be further investigated as a potential therapeutic target for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Drug‐Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant‐Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of PharmacySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Chen‐Ye Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Drug‐Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant‐Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of PharmacySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xiao‐Hong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Drug‐Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant‐Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of PharmacySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Ting‐Ting Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Drug‐Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant‐Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of PharmacySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xi Kuang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Drug‐Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant‐Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of PharmacySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Jun‐Rong Du
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Drug‐Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant‐Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of PharmacySichuan UniversityChengduChina
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32
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Song N, Sengupta S, Khoruzhenko S, Welsh RA, Kim A, Kumar MR, Sønder SU, Sidhom JW, Zhang H, Jie C, Siliciano RF, Sadegh-Nasseri S. Multiple genetic programs contribute to CD4 T cell memory differentiation and longevity by maintaining T cell quiescence. Cell Immunol 2020; 357:104210. [PMID: 32987276 PMCID: PMC7737224 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2020.104210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
While memory T-cells represent a hallmark of adaptive immunity, little is known about the genetic mechanisms regulating the longevity of memory CD4 T cells. Here, we studied the dynamics of gene expression in antigen specific CD4 T cells during infection, memory differentiation, and long-term survival up to nearly a year in mice. We observed that differentiation into long lived memory cells is associated with increased expression of genes inhibiting cell proliferation and apoptosis as well as genes promoting DNA repair response, lipid metabolism, and insulin resistance. We identified several transmembrane proteins in long-lived murine memory CD4 T cells, which co-localized exclusively within the responding antigen-specific memory CD4 T cells in human. The unique gene signatures of long-lived memory CD4 T cells, along with the new markers that we have defined, will enable a deeper understanding of memory CD4 T cell biology and allow for designing novel vaccines and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nianbin Song
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, United States
| | - Srona Sengupta
- The Graduate Program in Immunology, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, USA
| | - Stanislav Khoruzhenko
- MaxCyte, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA; Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, United States
| | | | - AeRyon Kim
- The Graduate Program in Immunology, USA; Amgen, South San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, United States
| | - Mithra R Kumar
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Søren Ulrik Sønder
- Amerimmune LLC, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA; Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, United States
| | - John-William Sidhom
- Medical Scientist Training Program, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, USA
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Chunfa Jie
- Des Moines University, Des Moines, IA 50312, USA
| | - Robert F Siliciano
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Mochón-Benguigui S, Carneiro-Barrera A, Castillo MJ, Amaro-Gahete FJ. Is Sleep Associated with the S-Klotho Anti-Aging Protein in Sedentary Middle-Aged Adults? The FIT-AGEING Study. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9080738. [PMID: 32806634 PMCID: PMC7463654 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep and Klotho have both been closely related to the ageing process, both playing a substantial role in the endocrine and immune systems and, thereby, in oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. However, there are no studies elucidating the relationship between sleep and Klotho. Therefore, this study investigated the association of sleep quantity and quality with the shed form of the α-Klotho gene (S-Klotho plasma levels) in sedentary middle-aged adults. A total of 74 volunteers (52.7% women; aged 53.7 ± 5.1) were recruited for the present study. Objective sleep quality parameters (total sleep time (TST), wake after sleep onset (WASO), and sleep efficiency (SE)) were determined using a wrist-worn accelerometer over seven consecutive days, and the subjective sleep quality was assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI; higher scores indicate worse sleep quality). The S-Klotho plasma levels were measured in the ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid plasma using a solid-phase sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Objective sleep parameters were associated with the S-Klotho plasma levels only after including the age, fat mass percentage, and lean mass index as covariates. A direct relationship was observed between the subjective sleep quality (inverse of PSQI scores) and the S-Klotho plasma levels in sedentary middle-aged adults. Improving sleep quantity and quality could be considered an anti-aging therapeutic approach for the prevention, slowing, and even reversal of the physiological decline and degenerative pathologies that are certainly related to the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sol Mochón-Benguigui
- EFFECTS-262 Research Group, Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain;
- Correspondence: (S.M.-B.); (F.J.A.-G.)
| | - Almudena Carneiro-Barrera
- Sleep and Health Promotion Laboratory, Mind, Brain and Behaviour Research Centre (CIMCYC), University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain;
| | - Manuel J. Castillo
- EFFECTS-262 Research Group, Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain;
| | - Francisco J. Amaro-Gahete
- EFFECTS-262 Research Group, Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain;
- Correspondence: (S.M.-B.); (F.J.A.-G.)
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Infante B, Franzin R, Madio D, Calvaruso M, Maiorano A, Sangregorio F, Netti GS, Ranieri E, Gesualdo L, Castellano G, Stallone G. Molecular Mechanisms of AKI in the Elderly: From Animal Models to Therapeutic Intervention. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9082574. [PMID: 32784471 PMCID: PMC7464895 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9082574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI), a critical syndrome characterized by a sudden reduction of renal function, is a common disorder among elderly patients particularly in Intensive Care Unit (ICU). AKI is closely associated with both short- and long-term mortality and length of hospital stay and is considered a predictor of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Specific hemodynamic, metabolic, and molecular changes lead to increased susceptibility to injury in the aged kidney; therefore, certain causes of AKI such as the prerenal reduction in renal perfusion or vascular obstructive conditions are more common in the elderly; moreover, AKI is often multifactorial and iatrogenic. Older patients present several comorbidities (diabetes, hypertension, heart failure) and are exposed to multiple medical interventions such as the use of nephrotoxic contrasts media and medications, which can also trigger AKI. Considering the emerging relevance of this condition, prevention and treatment of AKI in the elderly should be crucial in the internist and emergency setting. This review article summarizes the incidence, the risk factors, the pathophysiology, the molecular mechanisms and the strategies of prevention and treatment of AKI in elderly patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Infante
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Viale Pinto Luigi 251, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (B.I.); (D.M.); (A.M.); (F.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Rossana Franzin
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (R.F.); (L.G.)
| | - Desirèe Madio
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Viale Pinto Luigi 251, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (B.I.); (D.M.); (A.M.); (F.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Martina Calvaruso
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Annamaria Maiorano
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Viale Pinto Luigi 251, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (B.I.); (D.M.); (A.M.); (F.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Fabio Sangregorio
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Viale Pinto Luigi 251, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (B.I.); (D.M.); (A.M.); (F.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Giuseppe Stefano Netti
- Clinical Pathology, Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences, University of Foggia, Viale Pinto Luigi 251, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (G.S.N.); (E.R.)
| | - Elena Ranieri
- Clinical Pathology, Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences, University of Foggia, Viale Pinto Luigi 251, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (G.S.N.); (E.R.)
| | - Loreto Gesualdo
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (R.F.); (L.G.)
| | - Giuseppe Castellano
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Viale Pinto Luigi 251, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (B.I.); (D.M.); (A.M.); (F.S.); (G.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-088-173-2610; Fax: +39-088-173-6001
| | - Giovanni Stallone
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Viale Pinto Luigi 251, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (B.I.); (D.M.); (A.M.); (F.S.); (G.S.)
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Bartolone SN, Ward EP, Wang Z, Zwaans BMM, Chancellor MB, Bjorling DE, Lamb LE. Micturition defects and altered bladder function in the klotho mutant mouse model of aging. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL UROLOGY 2020; 8:81-92. [PMID: 32699807 PMCID: PMC7364365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Symptoms associated with detrusor underactivity (DU) or underactive bladder (UAB) can severely impact a person's quality of life, and growing old is the main etiological factor of DU and UAB. The gene Klotho has been associated with suppression of several aging phenotypes, and there is moderate klotho expression in the bladder. Given this, we hypothesized that the klotho gene is involved in regulation of bladder function. Thus, we examined a premature aging rodent genetic model with hypomorphic klotho expression for alterations in bladder function. METHODS Klotho mutant mice are established as a preclinical model of aging. Male and female klotho mice had micturition measured at weeks 4, 6, and 8 through metabolic cage and void spot assays. Histology was assessed at 4, 6, and 8 weeks. Lastly, bladder contraction was assessed using bladder strip tissue bath. All animals were gender- and age-matched with wild-type littermates for analysis. RESULTS Void spot and bladder contraction assays revealed that klotho mutant mice, similar to other aging models, have increased voiding frequency and decreased voiding volume per micturition event. The in vitro contractile response to electrical stimulation was weaker and muscarinic receptor subtype expression was reduced in the in klotho mutant mouse bladders. These data suggest that klotho mutant mouse bladders had impaired bladder function. CONCLUSIONS Klotho mutant mice recapitulate many characteristics of an older dysfunctional bladder, including altered bladder function. Given the short time frame to bladder dysfunction and robustness of the model, this model will provide new insights to drive aging bladder research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elijah P Ward
- Department of Urology, Beaumont Health SystemRoyal Oak, MI, USA
| | - Zunyi Wang
- Department of Surgical Services, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI, USA
| | - Bernadette MM Zwaans
- Department of Urology, Beaumont Health SystemRoyal Oak, MI, USA
- Oakland University William Beaumont School of MedicineRochester Hills, MI, USA
| | - Michael B Chancellor
- Department of Urology, Beaumont Health SystemRoyal Oak, MI, USA
- Oakland University William Beaumont School of MedicineRochester Hills, MI, USA
| | - Dale E Bjorling
- Department of Surgical Services, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI, USA
| | - Laura E Lamb
- Department of Urology, Beaumont Health SystemRoyal Oak, MI, USA
- Oakland University William Beaumont School of MedicineRochester Hills, MI, USA
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Thongprayoon C, Neyra JA, Hansrivijit P, Medaura J, Leeaphorn N, Davis PW, Kaewput W, Bathini T, Salim SA, Chewcharat A, Aeddula NR, Vallabhajosyula S, Mao MA, Cheungpasitporn W. Serum Klotho in Living Kidney Donors and Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9061834. [PMID: 32545510 PMCID: PMC7355868 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
α-Klotho is a known anti-aging protein that exerts diverse physiological effects, including phosphate homeostasis. Klotho expression occurs predominantly in the kidney and is significantly decreased in patients with chronic kidney disease. However, changes in serum klotho levels and impacts of klotho on outcomes among kidney transplant (KTx) recipients and kidney donors remain unclear. A literature search was conducted using MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Database from inception through October 2019 to identify studies evaluating serum klotho levels and impacts of klotho on outcomes among KTx recipients and kidney donors. Study results were pooled and analyzed utilizing a random-effects model. Ten cohort studies with a total of 431 KTx recipients and 5 cohort studies with a total of 108 living kidney donors and were identified. After KTx, recipients had a significant increase in serum klotho levels (at 4 to 13 months post-KTx) with a mean difference (MD) of 243.11 pg/mL (three studies; 95% CI 67.41 to 418.81 pg/mL). Although KTx recipients had a lower serum klotho level with a MD of = -234.50 pg/mL (five studies; 95% CI -444.84 to -24.16 pg/mL) compared to healthy unmatched volunteers, one study demonstrated comparable klotho levels between KTx recipients and eGFR-matched controls. Among kidney donors, there was a significant decrease in serum klotho levels post-nephrectomy (day 3 to day 5) with a mean difference (MD) of -232.24 pg/mL (three studies; 95% CI -299.41 to -165.07 pg/mL). At one year following kidney donation, serum klotho levels remained lower than baseline before nephrectomy with a MD of = -110.80 pg/mL (two studies; 95% CI 166.35 to 55.24 pg/mL). Compared to healthy volunteers, living kidney donors had lower serum klotho levels with a MD of = -92.41 pg/mL (two studies; 95% CI -180.53 to -4.29 pg/mL). There is a significant reduction in serum klotho levels after living kidney donation and an increase in serum klotho levels after KTx. Future prospective studies are needed to assess the impact of changes in klotho on clinical outcomes in KTx recipients and living kidney donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charat Thongprayoon
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
- Correspondence: (C.T.); (W.C.)
| | - Javier A. Neyra
- Division of Nephrology, Bone and Mineral Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA;
- Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Panupong Hansrivijit
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Pinnacle, Harrisburg, PA 17105, USA;
| | - Juan Medaura
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA; (J.M.); (P.W.D.); (S.A.S.)
| | - Napat Leeaphorn
- Renal Transplant Program, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine/Saint Luke’s Health System, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA;
| | - Paul W. Davis
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA; (J.M.); (P.W.D.); (S.A.S.)
| | - Wisit Kaewput
- Department of Military and Community Medicine, Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Tarun Bathini
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA;
| | - Sohail Abdul Salim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA; (J.M.); (P.W.D.); (S.A.S.)
| | - Api Chewcharat
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
| | - Narothama Reddy Aeddula
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Deaconess Health System, Evansville, IN 47710, USA;
| | | | - Michael A. Mao
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA;
| | - Wisit Cheungpasitporn
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA; (J.M.); (P.W.D.); (S.A.S.)
- Correspondence: (C.T.); (W.C.)
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Ullah M, Sun Z. Klotho Deficiency Accelerates Stem Cells Aging by Impairing Telomerase Activity. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2020; 74:1396-1407. [PMID: 30452555 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gly261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the effect of molecular pathways involved in the age-dependent deterioration of stem cell function is critical for developing new therapies. The overexpression of Klotho (KL), an antiaging protein, causes treated animal models to enjoy extended life spans. Now, the question stands: Does KL deficiency accelerate stem cell aging and telomere shortening? If so, what are the specific mechanisms by which it does this, and is cycloastragenol (CAG) treatment enough to restore telomerase activity in aged stem cells? We found that KL deficiency diminished telomerase activity by altering the expression of TERF1 and TERT, causing impaired differentiation potential, pluripotency, cellular senescence, and apoptosis in stem cells. Telomerase activity decreased with KL-siRNA knockdown. This suggests that both KL and telomeres regulate the stem cell aging process through telomerase subunits TERF1, POT1, and TERT using the TGFβ, Insulin, and Wnt signaling. These pathways can rejuvenate stem cell populations in a CD90-dependent mechanism. Stem cell dysfunctions were largely provoked by KL deficiency and telomere shortening, owing to altered expression of TERF1, TGFβ1, CD90, POT1, TERT, and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). The CAG treatment partially rescued telomerase deterioration, suggesting that KL plays a critical role in life-extension by regulating telomere length and telomerase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mujib Ullah
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Biomedical Research Center, Oklahoma City.,Interventional Regenerative Therapies lab, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Zhongjie Sun
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Biomedical Research Center, Oklahoma City.,Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis
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Franzin R, Stasi A, Fiorentino M, Stallone G, Cantaluppi V, Gesualdo L, Castellano G. Inflammaging and Complement System: A Link Between Acute Kidney Injury and Chronic Graft Damage. Front Immunol 2020; 11:734. [PMID: 32457738 PMCID: PMC7221190 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aberrant activation of complement system in several kidney diseases suggests that this pillar of innate immunity has a critical role in the pathophysiology of renal damage of different etiologies. A growing body of experimental evidence indicates that complement activation contributes to the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury (AKI) such as delayed graft function (DGF) in transplant patients. AKI is characterized by the rapid loss of the kidney's excretory function and is a complex syndrome currently lacking a specific medical treatment to arrest or attenuate progression in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Recent evidence suggests that independently from the initial trigger (i.e., sepsis or ischemia/reperfusions injury), an episode of AKI is strongly associated with an increased risk of subsequent CKD. The AKI-to-CKD transition may involve a wide range of mechanisms including scar-forming myofibroblasts generated from different sources, microvascular rarefaction, mitochondrial dysfunction, or cell cycle arrest by the involvement of epigenetic, gene, and protein alterations leading to common final signaling pathways [i.e., transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), p16 ink4a , Wnt/β-catenin pathway] involved in renal aging. Research in recent years has revealed that several stressors or complications such as rejection after renal transplantation can lead to accelerated renal aging with detrimental effects with the establishment of chronic proinflammatory cellular phenotypes within the kidney. Despite a greater understanding of these mechanisms, the role of complement system in the context of the AKI-to-CKD transition and renal inflammaging is still poorly explored. The purpose of this review is to summarize recent findings describing the role of complement in AKI-to-CKD transition. We will also address how and when complement inhibitors might be used to prevent AKI and CKD progression, therefore improving graft function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossana Franzin
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
- Department Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Alessandra Stasi
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Fiorentino
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Stallone
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cantaluppi
- Department Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Loreto Gesualdo
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Castellano
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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Salech F, Varela-Nallar L, Arredondo SB, Bustamante DB, Andaur GA, Cisneros R, Ponce DP, Ayala P, Inestrosa NC, Valdés JL, I Behrens M, Couve A. Local Klotho Enhances Neuronal Progenitor Proliferation in the Adult Hippocampus. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2020; 74:1043-1051. [PMID: 29300914 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glx248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Klotho is an aging-related protein associated with hippocampal cognitive performance in mammals. Klotho regulates progenitor cell proliferation in non-neuronal tissues, but its role in adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) has not been explored. Klotho expression in the adult mouse hippocampus was examined by immunofluorescence and polymerase chain reaction. AHN was evaluated in the hippocampus of klotho knock-out mice (KO), klotho KO/vitamin D-receptor mutant mice, and in a model of local klotho hippocampal knockdown. The recombinant Klotho effect on proliferation was measured in mouse-derived hippocampal neural progenitor cells. Hippocampal-dependent memory was assessed by a dry-land version of the Morris water maze. Klotho was expressed in the granular cell layer of the adult Dentate Gyrus. AHN was increased in klotho KO mice, but not in klotho KO/vitamin D-receptor mutant mice. Inversely, local downregulation of hippocampal Klotho diminished AHN. Recombinant Klotho increased the proliferation rate of neural progenitors. Downregulation of hippocampal Klotho correlated with a decreased performance in hippocampal-dependent memory. These results suggest that Klotho directly participates in regulating AHN. Our observations indicate that Klotho promotes proliferation, AHN and hippocampal-dependent cognition. Increased neurogenesis in klotho KO mice may be secondary to the activation of other pathways altered in the model, such as vitamin D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Salech
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Santiago, Chile.,Unidad de Geriatría, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago.,Centro de Investigación Clínica Avanzada (CICA), Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago
| | - Lorena Varela-Nallar
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CIB), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sebastián B Arredondo
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CIB), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniel B Bustamante
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CIB), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gabriela A Andaur
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CIB), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Cisneros
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela P Ponce
- Centro de Investigación Clínica Avanzada (CICA), Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago
| | - Patricia Ayala
- Centro de Investigación Clínica Avanzada (CICA), Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago
| | - Nibaldo C Inestrosa
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, P. Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago.,Center for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - José L Valdés
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Santiago, Chile
| | - María I Behrens
- Centro de Investigación Clínica Avanzada (CICA), Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago.,Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago.,Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrés Couve
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Santiago, Chile
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Wu Y, Zhu B, Chen Z, Duan J, Yang L. Comment on: "Fibroblast growth factor 21 controls mitophagy and muscle mass" by Oost et al. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2020; 11:336-337. [PMID: 31307122 PMCID: PMC7015229 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yeshun Wu
- Department of CardiologyThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityChangzhouChina
| | - Bin Zhu
- Department of Critical Care MedicineThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityChangzhouChina
| | - Zijun Chen
- Department of CardiologyThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityChangzhouChina
| | - Jiahao Duan
- Department of CardiologyThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityChangzhouChina
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of CardiologyThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityChangzhouChina
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Li P, Shi M, Maique J, Shaffer J, Yan S, Moe OW, Hu MC. Beclin 1/Bcl-2 complex-dependent autophagy activity modulates renal susceptibility to ischemia-reperfusion injury and mediates renoprotection by Klotho. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 318:F772-F792. [PMID: 31984794 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00504.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Klotho- and beclin 1-driven autophagy extends life. We examined the role of beclin 1 in modifying acute kidney injury (AKI) and whether beclin 1 mediates Klotho's known renoprotective action in AKI. AKI was induced by ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice with different levels of autophagy activity by genetic manipulation: wild-type (WT) mice with normal beclin 1 expression and function, mice with normal beclin 1 levels but high activity through knockin of gain-of-function mutant beclin 1 (Becn1F121A), mice with low beclin 1 levels and activity caused by heterozygous global deletion of beclin 1 (Becn1+/-), or mice with extremely low beclin 1 activity from knockin of the mutant constitutively active beclin 1 inhibitor Bcl-2 (Bcl2AAA). Klotho was increased by transgenic overexpression (Tg-Kl) or recombinant Klotho protein administration. After ischemia-reperfusion injury, Becn1F121A mice (high autophagy) had milder AKI and Becn1+/- and Bcl2AAA mice (low autophagy) had more severe AKI than WT mice. Tg-Kl mice had milder AKI, but its renoprotection was partially attenuated in Becn1+/-;Tg-Kl mice and was significantly reduced, although not completely abolished, in Bcl2AAA;Tg-Kl mice. Recombinant Klotho protein conferred more renoprotection from AKI in WT mice than in Becn1+/- or Bcl2AAA mice. Klotho reduced beclin 1/Bcl-2 protein complexes and increased autophagy activity, but this effect was less prominent in mice or cells with Bcl2AAA. Transfected Bcl2AAA or Becn1F123A decreased or increased autophagy activity and rendered cells more susceptible or more resistant to oxidative cytotoxicity, respectively. In conclusion, beclin 1 confers renoprotection by activating autophagy. Klotho protects the kidney partially via disruption of beclin 1/Bcl-2 interactions and enhancement of autophagy activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Mingjun Shi
- Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Jenny Maique
- Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Joy Shaffer
- Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Shirley Yan
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Orson W Moe
- Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Ming Chang Hu
- Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
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Wu Y, Chen Z, Duan J, Huang K, Zhu B, Yang L, Zheng L. Serum Levels of FGF21, β-Klotho, and BDNF in Stable Coronary Artery Disease Patients With Depressive Symptoms: A Cross-Sectional Single-Center Study. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:587492. [PMID: 33584362 PMCID: PMC7873935 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.587492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The incidence of depressive symptoms (DS) in patients with stable coronary artery disease (SCAD) is significantly higher than those in healthy population, and that DS are independent risk factors for cardiovascular events. Previous studies have reported that fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), β-klotho, mature brain-derived neurotrophic factor (mBDNF), and BDNF precursor (proBDNF) play important roles in the pathogenesis and treatment of coronary heart disease and depression. With this in mind, the present study aimed to clarify the relationship between FGF21, β-klotho, mBDNF, and proBDNF and SCAD with comorbid depression, in addition to also exploring the underlying mechanisms of these disease processes. Methods: A total of 116 patients with SCAD and 45 healthy controls were recruited. Patients with SCAD were further divided into two subgroups based on the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), which were characterized as those with no DS (NDS) and those with DS. Baseline data were collected, and serum levels of FGF21, β-klotho, mBDNF, and proBDNF were determined. Results: In SCAD patients, Gensini scores-denoting the degree of coronary arteriostenosis-were significantly greater in the DS group than in the NDS group. There was also a positive correlation between the Gensini scores and the SDS scores. Patients in the SCAD group demonstrated a lower serum FGF21. Serum β-klotho, mBDNF, and mBDNF/proBDNF were also significantly lower in the DS group than in the NDS group. Furthermore, β-klotho and mBDNF were negatively correlated with the SDS scores. Additionally, SCAD patients were divided into lower- and higher-level groups using hierarchical cluster analysis, with the results highlighting that patients in the lower mBDNF group had a higher incidence of DS. Conclusions: The depression score was positively correlated with the severity of coronary artery stenosis, and serum FGF21, β-klotho, mBDNF, and proBDNF were closely related to the development of DS in patients with SCAD. These observations suggest FGF21, β-klotho, mBDNF, and proBDNF as potential diagnostic and/or therapeutic targets for SCAD with co-morbid depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeshun Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China.,Department of Cardiology, People's Hospital of Quzhou, Quzhou, China
| | - Zijun Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Jiahao Duan
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Kai Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Lu Zheng
- Comprehensive Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
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Chen G, Li X. The decreased SIRT1 level may account for the lipid profile in chronic kidney disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 26:9. [PMID: 31637223 PMCID: PMC6794817 DOI: 10.1186/s40709-019-0101-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulated lipid profile with hypertriglyceridemia and increased low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is common in chronic kidney disease (CKD) whereas the reason is unclear. A similar phenomenon is found in the elder population. Silent information regulator-1 (SIRT1) associates with many modulators regulating lipid metabolism and results in increased expression of sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs), which functions as a key modulator in lipid synthesis. Since CKD is being viewed as a premature aging model and SIRT1 is known to decrease during the process of aging, we hypothesize that SIRT1 level is reduced in the liver when CKD develops and eventually result in dysregulated lipid profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Chen
- Dept. of Nephrology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, 100730 Beijing, China
| | - Xuemei Li
- Dept. of Nephrology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, 100730 Beijing, China
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Renal Klotho is Reduced in Septic Patients and Pretreatment With Recombinant Klotho Attenuates Organ Injury in Lipopolysaccharide-Challenged Mice. Crit Care Med 2019; 46:e1196-e1203. [PMID: 30239382 PMCID: PMC6250245 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000003427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the applicability of recombinant Klotho to prevent inflammation and organ injury in sepsis in man and mice. DESIGN Prospective, clinical laboratory study using "warm" human postmortem sepsis-acute kidney injury biopsies. Laboratory study using a mouse model of endotoxemia. SETTING Research laboratory at a university teaching hospital. SUBJECTS Adult patients who died of sepsis in the ICU and control patients undergoing total nephrectomy secondary to renal cancer; male C57BL/6 and Klotho haploinsufficient mice. INTERVENTIONS Lipopolysaccharide (0.05 mg/kg) injection and kill after 4, 8, and 24 hours. Mice received recombinant Klotho (0.05 mg/kg) 30 minutes prior to lipopolysaccharide (1 mg/kg) injection. Mice treated with saline were included as controls. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical staining were used to quantify Klotho messenger RNA and protein expression in the kidney of sepsis-acute kidney injury patients and the kidney and brain of mice. The messenger RNA and protein expression of damage markers, inflammatory cytokine, chemokines, and endothelial adhesion molecules were also determined in mice. Renal neutrophil influx was quantified. We found significantly lower renal Klotho messenger RNA and protein levels in sepsis-acute kidney injury biopsies than in control subjects. These findings were recapitulated in the kidney and brain of lipopolysaccharide-challenged mice. Decreased Klotho expression paralleled an increase in kidney damage markers neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and kidney injury molecule-1. Administration of recombinant Klotho prior to lipopolysaccharide injection attenuated organ damage, inflammation and endothelial activation in the kidney and brain of mice. Furthermore, less neutrophils infiltrated into the kidneys of recombinant Klotho mice compared with lipopolysaccharide only treated mice. CONCLUSIONS Renal Klotho expression in human sepsis-acute kidney injury and in mouse models of sepsis was significantly decreased and correlated with renal damage. Recombinant Klotho intervention diminished organ damage, inflammation, and endothelial activation in the kidney and brain of lipopolysaccharide-challenged mice. Systemic Klotho replacement may potentially be an organ-protective therapy for septic patients to halt acute, inflammatory organ injury.
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45
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Franklin AD, Saqibuddin J, Stephens K, Birkett R, Marsden L, Ernst LM, Mestan KK. Cord blood alpha klotho is decreased in small for gestational age preterm infants with placental lesions of accelerated aging. Placenta 2019; 87:1-7. [PMID: 31499336 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2019.08.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intrauterine growth restriction is often accompanied by placental vascular disease, of which histologic maternal vascular malperfusion is prominent. Maternal vascular malperfusion is characterized by accelerated villous maturation consistent with placental aging. Alpha klotho is an anti-aging protein produced by the placenta. We hypothesize that cord blood alpha klotho varies with maternal vascular malperfusion and small for gestational age infants through dysregulated angiogenesis. METHODS Nested case-control study of 54 preterm infants (N = 22 small for gestational age infants, 32 appropriate for gestational age infants, mean gestational age = 33.7 ± 2.7 weeks) and validation sample (N = 39) from a longitudinal birth cohort at Prentice Women's Hospital, Chicago, IL. Cord blood alpha klotho was measured via enzyme-linked immunoassay; concentrations were linked to multiplex data of cord blood angiogenic growth factors. RESULTS Median cord blood alpha klotho was decreased in small for gestational age infants (1200 [859, 2083] pg/mL) versus controls (3193 [1703, 3963] pg/mL; p < 0.01) and with severe maternal vascular malperfusion (1170 [760, 2645] pg/mL; P < 0.01), consistent with validation sample. Alpha klotho was decreased with maternal vascular malperfusion sublesions signifying accelerated villous maturation, including increased syncytial knots (1230 [805, 3606] pg/mL; p < 0.05) and distal villous hypoplasia (1170 [770, 3390] pg/mL; p < 0.05). Among 15 angiogenic markers, alpha klotho correlated directly with angiopoietin-2 (beta-coefficient = 2.6, p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Cord blood alpha klotho is decreased with small for gestational infants and maternal vascular malperfusion sublesions of accelerated placental villous maturation, and correlated with angiopoietin-2. Alpha klotho may play a role in vascular-mediated accelerated placental aging leading to intrauterine growth restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Franklin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, 225 E Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
| | - Juanita Saqibuddin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, 225 E Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Kelli Stephens
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, 225 E Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Robert Birkett
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, 225 E Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Lily Marsden
- Utah State Office of the Medical Examiner, 4451 2700 W, Taylorsville, UT, 84129, USA
| | - Linda M Ernst
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, NorthShore University HealthSystem, 2560 Ridge Ave, Evanston, IL, 60201, USA
| | - Karen K Mestan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, 225 E Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
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Urine Klotho Is Lower in Critically Ill Patients With Versus Without Acute Kidney Injury and Associates With Major Adverse Kidney Events. Crit Care Explor 2019; 1. [PMID: 32123869 PMCID: PMC7051168 DOI: 10.1097/cce.0000000000000016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Klotho and fibroblast growth factor-23 were recently postulated as candidate biomarkers and/or therapeutic targets in acute kidney injury. We examined whether urine Klotho and serum intact fibroblast growth factor-23 levels were differentially and independently associated with major adverse kidney events in critically ill patients with and without acute kidney injury.
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47
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Li D, Jing D, Liu Z, Chen Y, Huang F, Behnisch T. Enhanced Expression of Secreted α-Klotho in the Hippocampus Alters Nesting Behavior and Memory Formation in Mice. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:133. [PMID: 31001090 PMCID: PMC6454015 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The klotho gene family consists of α-, β-, and γ-Klotho, which encode type I single-pass transmembrane proteins with large extracellular domains. α-Klotho exists as a full-length membrane-bound and as a soluble form after cleavage of the extracellular domain. Due to gene splicing, a short extracellular Klotho form can be expressed and secreted. Inactivation of α-Klotho leads to a phenotype that resembles accelerated aging, as the expression level of the α-Klotho protein in the hippocampal formation of mice decreases with age. Here, we show that intrahippocampal viral expression of secreted human α-Klotho alters social behavior and memory formation. Interestingly, overexpression of secreted human α-Klotho in the CA1 changed the nest-building behavior and improved object recognition, object location and passive avoidance memory. Moreover, α-Klotho overexpression increased hippocampal synaptic transmission in response to standardized stimulation strengths, altered paired-pulse facilitation of synaptic transmission, and enhanced activity-dependent synaptic plasticity. These results indicate that memory formation benefits from an augmented level of secreted α-Klotho.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxue Li
- Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongqing Jing
- Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziyang Liu
- Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Thomas Behnisch
- Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Liu B, Tu Y, He W, Liu Y, Wu W, Fang Q, Tang H, Tang R, Wan Z, Sun W, Wan Y. Hyperoside attenuates renal aging and injury induced by D-galactose via inhibiting AMPK-ULK1 signaling-mediated autophagy. Aging (Albany NY) 2018; 10:4197-4212. [PMID: 30585174 PMCID: PMC6326678 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The kidney is a typical organ undergoing age and injury. Hyperoside is reported to be useful for preventing aging induced by D-galactose (D-gal). However, therapeutic mechanisms remain unclear. We thereby aimed to verify whether hyperoside, compared to vitamin E (VE), could alleviate renal aging and injury by regulating autophagic activity and its related signaling pathways. In vivo, rats were administered with either hyperoside or VE after renal aging modeling induced by D-gal. Changes in renal aging and injury markers, autophagic activity and AMPK-ULK1 signaling pathway in the kidneys were analysed. In vitro, the NRK-52E cells exposed to D-gal were used to investigate regulative actions of hyperoside and VE on cell viability, renal tubular cellular aging markers, autophagic activity and its related signaling pathways by histomorphometry, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, lentiviral transfection and Western blot. Aging and injury in the kidneys and renal tubular cells induced by D-gal were ameliorated by hyperoside and VE. Hyperoside and VE inhibited autophagic activity through mTOR-independent and AMPK-ULK1 signaling pathways. Hyperoside, as a component of phytomedicine similar to VE, attenuated renal aging and injury induced by D-gal via inhibiting AMPK-ULK1-mediated autophagy. This study provides the first evidence that hyperoside contributes to the prevention of age-associated renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buhui Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210008, China
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
- Equal contribution
| | - Yue Tu
- Department of TCM Health Preservation, Second Clinic Medical School, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Equal contribution
| | - Weiming He
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yinglu Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Qijun Fang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Haitao Tang
- Institute of Huangkui, Suzhong Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Taizhou 225500, China
| | - Renmao Tang
- Institute of Huangkui, Suzhong Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Taizhou 225500, China
| | - Ziyue Wan
- Department of Social Work, Meiji Gakuin University, Tokyo 108-8636, Japan
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yigang Wan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
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Rowland HA, Hooper NM, Kellett KAB. Modelling Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease Using Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Neurochem Res 2018; 43:2179-2198. [PMID: 30387070 PMCID: PMC6267251 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2663-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Developing cellular models of sporadic Alzheimer's disease (sAD) is challenging due to the unknown initiator of disease onset and the slow disease progression that takes many years to develop in vivo. The use of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has revolutionised the opportunities to model AD pathology, investigate disease mechanisms and screen potential drugs. The majority of this work has, however, used cells derived from patients with familial AD (fAD) where specific genetic mutations drive disease onset. While these provide excellent models to investigate the downstream pathways involved in neuronal toxicity and ultimately neuronal death that leads to AD, they provide little insight into the causes and mechanisms driving the development of sAD. In this review we compare the data obtained from fAD and sAD iPSC-derived cell lines, identify the inconsistencies that exist in sAD models and highlight the potential role of Aβ clearance mechanisms, a relatively under-investigated area in iPSC-derived models, in the study of AD. We discuss the development of more physiologically relevant models using co-culture and three-dimensional culture of iPSC-derived neurons with glial cells. Finally, we evaluate whether we can develop better, more consistent models for sAD research using genetic stratification of iPSCs and identification of genetic and environmental risk factors that could be used to initiate disease onset for modelling sAD. These considerations provide exciting opportunities to develop more relevant iPSC models of sAD which can help drive our understanding of disease mechanisms and identify new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen A Rowland
- Division of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Nigel M Hooper
- Division of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Katherine A B Kellett
- Division of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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Moderate aerobic exercise training decreases middle-aged induced pathologic cardiac hypertrophy by improving Klotho expression, MAPK signaling pathway, and oxidative stress status in Wistar rats. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2018; 21:911-919. [PMID: 30524691 PMCID: PMC6272071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the effect of aerobic training on serum levels of Klotho, cardiac tissue levels of H2O2 and phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and P38 as well as left ventricular internal diameter (LVID), the left ventricle wall thickness (LVWT) and fibrosis in middle-aged rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty wistar rats, including young rats (n=10, 4 month-old) and middle-aged rats (n=30, 13-15 months-old) were enrolled in this experimental study. The all young and 10 middle-aged rats were sacrificed (randomly) under deep anesthesia without any exercise training as normal young control and normal middle-aged control respectively. The remaining 20 middle-aged rats participated in 4 (n=10) or 8-week (n=10) aerobic exercise training. RESULTS There were significant differences in the plasmatic Klotho levels and the heart tissue levels of phosphorylated-ERK1/2 (p-ERK1/2), P-P38 and H2O2, LVWT, LVID and fibrosis between young and middle-aged rats (P=0.01). Plasmatic Klotho level was significantly increased after eight weeks training (P=0.011). Also, p-ERK1/2 was significantly decreased after eight weeks and p-P38 was significantly decreased in the fourth (P=0.01) and eight weeks of training (P=0.01). A similar decrease was reported for aging-induced H2O2 in the fourth (P=0.016) and eighth weeks (P=0.001). LVID was significantly increased in eight weeks, but LVWT and fibrosis was significantly reduced in the eighth week (P=0.011, P=0.028, P=0.001 respectively). CONCLUSION Moderate aerobic training attenuates aging-induced pathological cardiac hypertrophy at least partially by restoring the Klotho levels, attenuating oxidative stress, and reduction in the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, P38 and fibrosis.
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