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Jovanović M, Stevanović B, Pajović V, Tasić T, Lozić M, Đukić L, Kosić M, Murphy D, Japundžić-Žigon N. Vasopressin and cardiovascular autonomic adjustment in chronic hypertensive pregnancy. Hypertens Res 2024:10.1038/s41440-024-01769-6. [PMID: 39039283 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-024-01769-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Chronic hypertensive pregnancy (CHP) is a growing health issue with unknown etiology. Vasopressin (VP), a nonapeptide synthesized in paraventricular (PVN) and supraoptic nucleus (SON), is a well-known neuroendocrine and autonomic modulator of the cardiovascular system, related to hypertension development. We quantified gene expression of VP and its receptors, V1aR and V1bR, within the PVN and SON in CHP and normal pregnancy, and assessed levels of secreted plasma VP. Also, we evaluated autonomic cardiovascular adaptations to CHP using spectral indices of blood pressure (BPV) and heart rate (HRV) short-term variability, and spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity (BRS). Experiments were performed in female spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and in normotensive Wistar rats (WRs). Animals were equipped with a radiotelemetry probe for continuous hemodynamic recordings before and during pregnancy. BPV, HRV and BRS were assessed using spectral analysis and the sequence method, respectively. Plasma VP was determined by ELISA whilst VP, V1aR, and V1bR gene expression was analyzed by real-time-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). The results show that non-pregnant SHRs exhibit greater VP, V1aR, and V1bR gene expression in both PVN and SON respectively, compared to Wistar dams. Pregnancy decreased VP gene expression in the SON of SHRs but increased it in the PVN and SON of WRs. Pregnant SHRs exhibited a marked drop in plasma VP concentration associated with BP normalization. This triggered marked tachycardia, heart rate variability increase, and BRS increase in pregnant SHRs. It follows that regardless of BP normalization in late pregnancy, SHRs exhibit cardiovascular vulnerability and compensate by recruiting vagal mechanisms. Pregnant SHR dams have reduced expression of VP in SON associated with increased V1bR expression, lower plasma VP, normal BP during late pregnancy and marked signs of enhanced sympathetic cardiac stimulation (increased HR and LFHR variability) and recruitment of vagal mechanisms (enhancement of BRS and HFHR variability).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjana Jovanović
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Belgrade Faculty of Medicine, Belgrade, RS, Serbia
| | | | - Vladislav Pajović
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Belgrade Faculty of Medicine, Belgrade, RS, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Tasić
- University of Belgrade Faculty of Dentistry, Belgrade, RS, Serbia
| | - Maja Lozić
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Belgrade Faculty of Medicine, Belgrade, RS, Serbia
| | - Ljiljana Đukić
- University of Belgrade Faculty of Dentistry, Belgrade, RS, Serbia
| | - Marija Kosić
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Belgrade Faculty of Medicine, Belgrade, RS, Serbia
| | - David Murphy
- Bristol Medical School: Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Nina Japundžić-Žigon
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Belgrade Faculty of Medicine, Belgrade, RS, Serbia.
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Zagmutt S, Mera P, González-García I, Ibeas K, Romero MDM, Obri A, Martin B, Esteve-Codina A, Soler-Vázquez MC, Bastias-Pérez M, Cañes L, Augé E, Pelegri C, Vilaplana J, Ariza X, García J, Martinez-González J, Casals N, López M, Palmiter R, Sanz E, Quintana A, Herrero L, Serra D. CPT1A in AgRP neurons is required for sex-dependent regulation of feeding and thirst. Biol Sex Differ 2023; 14:14. [PMID: 36966335 PMCID: PMC10040140 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-023-00498-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatty acid metabolism in the hypothalamus has an important role in food intake, but its specific role in AgRP neurons is poorly understood. Here, we examined whether carnitinea palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A), a key enzyme in mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation, affects energy balance. METHODS To obtain Cpt1aKO mice and their control littermates, Cpt1a(flox/flox) mice were crossed with tamoxifen-inducible AgRPCreERT2 mice. Food intake and body weight were analyzed weekly in both males and females. At 12 weeks of age, metabolic flexibility was determined by ghrelin-induced food intake and fasting-refeeding satiety tests. Energy expenditure was analyzed by calorimetric system and thermogenic activity of brown adipose tissue. To study fluid balance the analysis of urine and water intake volumes; osmolality of urine and plasma; as well as serum levels of angiotensin and components of RAAS (renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system) were measured. At the central level, changes in AgRP neurons were determined by: (1) analyzing specific AgRP gene expression in RiboTag-Cpt1aKO mice obtained by crossing Cpt1aKO mice with RiboTag mice; (2) measuring presynaptic terminal formation in the AgRP neurons with the injection of the AAV1-EF1a-DIO-synaptophysin-GFP in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus; (3) analyzing AgRP neuronal viability and spine formations by the injection AAV9-EF1a-DIO-mCherry in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus; (4) analyzing in situ the specific AgRP mitochondria in the ZsGreen-Cpt1aKO obtained by breeding ZsGreen mice with Cpt1aKO mice. Two-way ANOVA analyses were performed to determine the contributions of the effect of lack of CPT1A in AgRP neurons in the sex. RESULTS Changes in food intake were just seen in male Cpt1aKO mice while only female Cpt1aKO mice increased energy expenditure. The lack of Cpt1a in the AgRP neurons enhanced brown adipose tissue activity, mainly in females, and induced a substantial reduction in fat deposits and body weight. Strikingly, both male and female Cpt1aKO mice showed polydipsia and polyuria, with more reduced serum vasopressin levels in females and without osmolality alterations, indicating a direct involvement of Cpt1a in AgRP neurons in fluid balance. AgRP neurons from Cpt1aKO mice showed a sex-dependent gene expression pattern, reduced mitochondria and decreased presynaptic innervation to the paraventricular nucleus, without neuronal viability alterations. CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight that fatty acid metabolism and CPT1A in AgRP neurons show marked sex differences and play a relevant role in the neuronal processes necessary for the maintenance of whole-body fluid and energy balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Zagmutt
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paula Mera
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ismael González-García
- NeurObesity Group, Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Kevin Ibeas
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Del Mar Romero
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Arnaud Obri
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Martin
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Esteve-Codina
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Carmen Soler-Vázquez
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marianela Bastias-Pérez
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Cañes
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona (IIBB-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisabeth Augé
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carme Pelegri
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences of the Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Vilaplana
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences of the Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Ariza
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Inorganic & Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi García
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Inorganic & Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Martinez-González
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona (IIBB-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Casals
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Miguel López
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- NeurObesity Group, Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Richard Palmiter
- Department of Biochemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Elisenda Sanz
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Albert Quintana
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Laura Herrero
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolors Serra
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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Smith-Cohn MA, Burley NB, Grossman SA. Transient Opening of the Blood-Brain Barrier by Vasoactive Peptides to Increase CNS Drug Delivery: Reality Versus Wishful Thinking? Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:1383-1399. [PMID: 35100958 PMCID: PMC9881081 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20999220131163504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The blood-brain barrier inhibits the central nervous system penetration of 98% of small molecule drugs and virtually all biologic agents, which has limited progress in treating neurologic disease. Vasoactive peptides have been shown in animal studies to transiently disrupt the blood-brain barrier and regadenoson is currently being studied in humans to determine if it can improve drug delivery to the brain. However, many other vasoactive peptides could potentially be used for this purpose. METHODS We performed a review of the literature evaluating the physiologic effects of vasoactive peptides on the vasculature of the brain and systemic organs. To assess the likelihood that a vasoactive peptide might transiently disrupt the blood-brain barrier, we devised a four-tier classification system to organize the available evidence. RESULTS We identified 32 vasoactive peptides with potential blood-brain barrier permeabilityaltering properties. To date, none of these are shown to open the blood-brain barrier in humans. Twelve vasoactive peptides increased blood-brain barrier permeability in rodents. The remaining 20 had favorable physiologic effects on blood vessels but lacked specific information on permeability changes to the blood-brain barrier. CONCLUSION Vasoactive peptides remain an understudied class of drugs with the potential to increase drug delivery and improve treatment in patients with brain tumors and other neurologic diseases. Dozens of vasoactive peptides have yet to be formally evaluated for this important clinical effect. This narrative review summarizes the available data on vasoactive peptides, highlighting agents that deserve further in vitro and in vivo investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A. Smith-Cohn
- Ben & Catherine Ivy Center for Advanced Brain Tumor Treatment, Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle, WA, USA; ,Address correspondence to these authors at the The Ben & Catherine Ivy Center for Advanced Brain Tumor Treatment, Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Swedish Health Services, 500 17th Ave, James Tower, Suite 540, Seattle, WA 98122, USA; Tel: 206-320-2300; Fax: 206-320-8149; E-mail: , Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Skip Viragh Building, 201 North Broadway, 9th Floor (Mailbox #3), Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; E-mail:
| | - Nicholas B. Burley
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA;
| | - Stuart A. Grossman
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA,Address correspondence to these authors at the The Ben & Catherine Ivy Center for Advanced Brain Tumor Treatment, Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Swedish Health Services, 500 17th Ave, James Tower, Suite 540, Seattle, WA 98122, USA; Tel: 206-320-2300; Fax: 206-320-8149; E-mail: , Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Skip Viragh Building, 201 North Broadway, 9th Floor (Mailbox #3), Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; E-mail:
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Xu Q, Zhuo K, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Xue J, Zhou MS. Oxytocin-induced endothelial nitric oxide dependent vasorelaxation and ERK1/2-mediated vasoconstriction in the rat aorta. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 26:255-262. [PMID: 35766003 PMCID: PMC9247708 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2022.26.4.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Oxytocin is a neuropeptide produced primarily in the hypothalamus and plays an important role in the regulation of mammalian birth and lactation. It has been shown that oxytocin has important cardiovascular protective effects. Here we investigated the effects of oxytocin on vascular reactivity and underlying the mechanisms in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro and in rat aorta ex vivo. Oxytocin increased phospho-eNOS (Ser 1177) and phospho-Akt (Ser 473) expression in HUVECs in vitro and the aorta of rat ex vivo. Wortmannin, a specific inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), inhibited oxytocin-induced Akt and eNOS phosphorylation. In the rat aortic rings, oxytocin induced a biphasic vascular reactivity: oxytocin at low dose (10-9–10-8 M) initiated a vasorelaxation followed by a vasoconstriction at high dose (10-7 M). L-NAME (a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor), endothelium removal or wortmannin abolished oxytocin-induced vasorelaxation, and slightly enhanced oxytocin-induced vasoconstriction. Atosiban, an oxytocin/vasopressin 1a receptor inhibitor, totally blocked oxytocin-induced relaxation and vasoconstriction. PD98059 (ERK1/2 inhibitor) partially inhibited oxytocin-induced vasoconstriction. Oxytocin also increased aortic phospho-ERK1/2 expression, which was reduced by either atosiban or PD98059, suggesting that oxytocin-induced vasoconstriction was partially mediated by oxytocin/V1aR activation of ERK1/2. The present study demonstrates that oxytocin can activate different signaling pathways to cause vasorelaxation or vasoconstriction. Oxytocin stimulation of PI3K/eNOS-derived nitric oxide may participate in maintenance of cardiovascular homeostasis, and different vascular reactivities to low or high dose of oxytocin suggest that oxytocin may have different regulatory effects on vascular tone under physiological or pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xu
- Department of Physiology, Shenyang Medical University, Shenyang 110034, P.R. China
| | - Kunping Zhuo
- Department of Physiology, Shenyang Medical University, Shenyang 110034, P.R. China
| | - Xiaotian Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Shenyang Medical University, Shenyang 110034, P.R. China
| | - Yaoxia Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Shenyang Medical University, Shenyang 110034, P.R. China
| | - Jiaojiao Xue
- Department of Physiology, Shenyang Medical University, Shenyang 110034, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Sheng Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Shenyang Medical University, Shenyang 110034, P.R. China
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Watanasriyakul WT, Scotti MAL, Carter CS, McNeal N, Colburn W, Wardwell J, Grippo AJ. Social isolation and oxytocin antagonism increase emotion-related behaviors and heart rate in female prairie voles. Auton Neurosci 2022; 239:102967. [PMID: 35240436 PMCID: PMC8974671 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2022.102967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Social isolation influences depression- and anxiety-related disorders and cardiac function. Oxytocin may mediate these conditions through interactions with social behavior, emotion, and cardiovascular function, via central and/or peripheral mechanisms. The present study investigated the influence of oxytocin antagonism using L-368,899, a selective oxytocin receptor antagonist that crosses the blood-brain barrier, on depression- and anxiety-related behaviors and heart rate in prairie voles. This rodent species has translational value for investigating interactions of social stress, behavior, cardiac responses, and oxytocin function. Adult female prairie voles were socially isolated or co-housed with a sibling for 4 weeks. A subset of animals in each housing condition was subjected to 4 sessions of acute L-368,899 (20 mg/kg, ip) or saline administration followed by a depression- or anxiety-related behavioral assessment. A subset of co-housed animals was evaluated for cardiac function following acute administration of L-368,899 (20 mg/kg, ip) and during behavioral assessments. Social isolation (vs. co-housing) increased depression- and anxiety-related behaviors. In isolated animals, L-368,899 (vs. vehicle) did not influence anxiety-related behaviors but exacerbated depression-related behaviors. In co-housed animals, L-368,899 exacerbated depression-related behaviors and increased heart rate at baseline and during behavioral tests. Social isolation produces emotion-related behaviors in prairie voles; central and/or peripheral oxytocin antagonism exacerbates these behavioral signs. Oxytocin antagonism induces depression-relevant behaviors and increases basal and stressor-reactive heart rate in co-housed prairie voles, similar to the consequences of social isolation demonstrated in this model. These results provide translational value for humans who experience behavioral and cardiac consequences of loneliness or social stress.
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Savić B, Murphy D, Japundžić-Žigon N. The Paraventricular Nucleus of the Hypothalamus in Control of Blood Pressure and Blood Pressure Variability. Front Physiol 2022; 13:858941. [PMID: 35370790 PMCID: PMC8966844 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.858941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The paraventricular nucleus (PVN) is a highly organized structure of the hypothalamus that has a key role in regulating cardiovascular and osmotic homeostasis. Functionally, the PVN is divided into autonomic and neuroendocrine (neurosecretory) compartments, both equally important for maintaining blood pressure (BP) and body fluids in the physiological range. Neurosecretory magnocellular neurons (MCNs) of the PVN are the main source of the hormones vasopressin (VP), responsible for water conservation and hydromineral balance, and oxytocin (OT), involved in parturition and milk ejection during lactation. Further, neurosecretory parvocellular neurons (PCNs) take part in modulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and stress responses. Additionally, the PVN takes central place in autonomic adjustment of BP to environmental challenges and contributes to its variability (BPV), underpinning the PVN as an autonomic master controller of cardiovascular function. Autonomic PCNs of the PVN modulate sympathetic outflow toward heart, blood vessels and kidneys. These pre-autonomic neurons send projections to the vasomotor nucleus of rostral ventrolateral medulla and to intermediolateral column of the spinal cord, where postganglionic fibers toward target organs arise. Also, PVN PCNs synapse with NTS neurons which are the end-point of baroreceptor primary afferents, thus, enabling the PVN to modify the function of baroreflex. Neuroendocrine and autonomic parts of the PVN are segregated morphologically but they work in concert when the organism is exposed to environmental challenges via somatodendritically released VP and OT by MCNs. The purpose of this overview is to address both neuroendocrine and autonomic PVN roles in BP and BPV regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojana Savić
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - David Murphy
- Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Nina Japundžić-Žigon
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- *Correspondence: Nina Japundžić-Žigon,
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Kiss A, Osacka J. The effect of amisulpride, olanzapine, quetiapine, and aripiprazole single administration on c-Fos expression in vasopressinergic and oxytocinergic neurons of the rat hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus. Neuropeptides 2021; 87:102148. [PMID: 33887540 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2021.102148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Antipsychotics, including amisulpride (AMI), quetiapine (QUE), aripiprazole (ARI), and olanzapine (OLA), are used to treat mental illnesses associated with psychotic symptoms. The effect of these drugs on c-Fos expression in vasopressinergic (AVP) and oxytocinergic (OXY) neurons was studied in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of rats. The presence of c-Fos in AVP and OXY perikarya was investigated in seven PVN cells segregations: the anterior (Ant), dorsal cup (Dc), wing-shaped (Wi), periventricular zone (Pe), circle-shaped core (Co) and shell of core (Sh), and the posterior (pPVN) after an acute treatment with AMI-20 mg/kg, QUE-15 mg/kg, ARI-10 mg/kg, and OLA-5 mg/kg/bw in rats. Ninety min after treatments, the animals were sacrificed by transcardial perfusion with fixative and the PVN area sliced into 35 μm thick coronal sections for immunohistochemistry. The c-Fos was processed by avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex intensified with nickel-enhanced 3,3'-diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride. Visualization of AVP- and OXY-synthesizing neurons was achieved by a fluorescent marker Alexa Flour 568. The c-Fos-AVP and c-Fos-OXY colocalizations were evaluated from c-Fos stained sections merged with AVP or OXY ones. AMI, QUE, ARI, and OLA, single administration distinctly increased the c-Fos expression in each of the PVN cells segregations. QUE induced the highest magnitude of activation of AVP and OXY neurons, while OLA and AMI had only moderate effects. Incontestable variabilities detected in c-Fos expression in PVN AVP and OXY neurons extend the knowledge of selected antipsychotics extra-striatal actions and may also be helpful in a presumption of their possible functional impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kiss
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska Cesta 9, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Jana Osacka
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska Cesta 9, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Gogakos AI, Gogakos T, Kita M, Efstathiadou ZA. Pituitary Dysfunction as a Cause of Cardiovascular Disease. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 26:5573-5583. [PMID: 33155896 DOI: 10.2174/1381612824999201105165351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The hypothalamic-pituitary axis is responsible for the neuroendocrine control of several organ systems. The anterior pituitary directly affects the functions of the thyroid gland, the adrenal glands, and gonads, and regulates growth and milk production. The posterior hypophysis, through nerve connections with the hypothalamic nuclei, releases vasopressin and oxytocin responsible for water balance and social bonding, sexual reproduction and childbirth, respectively. Pituitary gland hormonal excess or deficiency results in dysregulation of metabolic pathways and mechanisms that are important for the homeostasis of the organism and are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Cardiovascular (CV) disorders are common in pituitary disease and have a significant impact on survival. Hormonal imbalance is associated with CV complications either through direct effects on the heart structure and function and vasculature or indirectly by altering the metabolic profile. Optimal endocrine control can prevent or reverse CV defects and preserve survival and quality of life. In this review, we discuss the effects of pituitary hormone excess and deficiency on the CV system. Specifically, we assess the impact of Somatotroph, Corticotroph, Gonadotroph, and Lactotroph anterior pituitary axes on the CV system. The effect of posterior pituitary function on the CV system is also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apostolos I Gogakos
- Department of Endocrinology, "Hippokration" General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Tasos Gogakos
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, United States
| | - Marina Kita
- Department of Endocrinology, "Hippokration" General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Zoe A Efstathiadou
- Department of Endocrinology, "Hippokration" General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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9
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Martin A, Mecawi AS, Antunes VR, Yao ST, Antunes-Rodrigues J, Paton JFR, Paterson A, Greenwood M, Šarenac O, Savić B, Japundžić-Žigon N, Murphy D, Hindmarch CCT. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Downregulation of Urocortin Expression in the Hypothalamo-Neurohypophysial System of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Front Physiol 2021; 11:599507. [PMID: 33815127 PMCID: PMC8011454 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.599507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The chronically increased blood pressure characteristic of essential hypertension represents an insidious and cumulative risk for cardiovascular disease. Essential hypertension is a multifactorial condition, with no known specific aetiology but a strong genetic component. The Spontaneously Hypertensive rat (SHR) shares many characteristics of human essential hypertension, and as such is a commonly used experimental model. The mammalian hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal system (HNS) plays a pivotal role in the regulation of blood pressure, volume and osmolality. In order to better understand the possible role of the HNS in hypertension, we have used microarray analysis to reveal differential regulation of genes in the HNS of the SHR compared to a control normotensive strain, the Wistar Kyoto rat (WKY). These results were validated by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). One of the genes identified and validated as being downregulated in SHR compared to WKY was that encoding the neuropeptide urocortin (Ucn). Immunohistochemical analyses revealed Ucn to be highly expressed within magnocellular neurons of the PVN and SON, with pronounced localisation in dendritic projections containing oxytocin and vasopressin. When Ucn was overexpressed in the PVN of the SHR by in vivo lentiviral mediated gene transfer, blood pressure was unaffected but there were significant, transient reductions in the VLF spectra of systolic blood pressure consistent with an action on autonomic balance. We suggest that Ucn may act, possibly via dendritic release, to subtly regulate neurohumoral aspects of arterial pressure control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Martin
- Bristol Medical School: Translational Health Sciences, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Andre S Mecawi
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Department of Biophysics, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vagner R Antunes
- Bristol Medical School: Translational Health Sciences, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Song T Yao
- Bristol Medical School: Translational Health Sciences, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.,Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jose Antunes-Rodrigues
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Julian F R Paton
- Manaaki Mānawa, The Heart Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Alex Paterson
- Bristol Medical School: Translational Health Sciences, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Greenwood
- Bristol Medical School: Translational Health Sciences, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Olivera Šarenac
- Bristol Medical School: Translational Health Sciences, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bojana Savić
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nina Japundžić-Žigon
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - David Murphy
- Bristol Medical School: Translational Health Sciences, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Charles C T Hindmarch
- Bristol Medical School: Translational Health Sciences, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.,Queen's Cardiopulmonary Unit, Department of Medicine, Translational Institute of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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10
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Savić B, Martin A, Mecawi AS, Bukumirić Z, Antunes-Rodrigues J, Murphy D, Šarenac O, Japundžić-Žigon N. Vasopressin and v1br gene expression is increased in the hypothalamic pvn of borderline hypertensive rats. Hypertens Res 2020; 43:1165-1174. [PMID: 32415179 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-020-0469-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Vasopressin (VP) is a neurohypophyseal peptide best known for its role in maintaining osmotic and cardiovascular homeostasis. The main sources of VP are the supraoptic and paraventricular (PVN) nuclei of the hypothalamus, which coexpress the vasopressin V1a and V1b receptors (V1aR and V1bR). Here, we investigated the level of expression of VP and VP receptors in the PVN of borderline hypertensive rats (BHRs), a key integrative nucleus for neuroendocrine cardiovascular control. Experiments were performed in male BHRs and Wistar rats (WRs) equipped with a radiotelemetry device for continuous hemodynamic recording under baseline conditions and after saline load without or with stress. Autonomic control of the circulation was evaluated by spectral analysis of blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) variability and baroreceptor reflex sensitivity (BRS) using the sequence method. Plasma VP was determined by radioimmunoassay, and VP, V1aR, and V1bR gene expression was determined by RT-qPCR. Under baseline conditions, BHRs had higher BP, lower HR, and stronger BRS than WRs. BP and HR variability was unchanged. In the PVN, overexpression of the VP and V1bR genes was found, and plasma VP was increased. Saline load downregulated V1bR mRNA expression without affecting VP mRNA expression or plasma VP and BP. Adding stress increased BP, HR, and low-frequency sympathetic spectral markers and decreased plasma VP without altering the level of expression of VP and VP receptors in the PVN. It follows that overexpression of VP and V1bR in the PVN is a characteristic trait of BHRs and that sympathetic hyperactivity underlies stress-induced hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojana Savić
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Andrew Martin
- Bristol Medical School: Translational Health Sciences, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS1 3NY, UK
| | - Andre Souza Mecawi
- Paulista Medical School, Department of Biophysics, Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Zoran Bukumirić
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Medical Statics and Informatics, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - José Antunes-Rodrigues
- Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Physiology, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - David Murphy
- Bristol Medical School: Translational Health Sciences, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS1 3NY, UK
| | - Olivera Šarenac
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nina Japundžić-Žigon
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
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11
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Chen Y, Wang X, Yang C, Liu Q, Ran Z, Li X, He C. A mouse model reveals the events and underlying regulatory signals during the gonadotrophin-dependent phase of follicle development. Mol Hum Reprod 2020; 26:920-937. [PMID: 33063120 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaaa069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During folliculogenesis, the gonadotrophin (GTH)-dependent phase begins at the small antral follicle stage and ends with Graafian follicles. In this study, pregnant mare's serum GTH was used to induce GTH-dependent folliculogenesis in mice, following which the developmental events that follicles undergo, as well as the underlying regulatory signals, were investigated at both the morphological and transcriptomic level. GTH-dependent folliculogenesis consisted of three phases: preparation, rapid growth and decelerated growth. In the preparation phase, comprising the first 12 h, granulosa cells completed the preparations for proliferation and differentiation, shifted energy metabolism to glycolysis, and reduced protein synthesis and processing. The rapid growth phase lasted from 12 to 24 h; in this phase, granulosa cells completed their proliferation, and follicles acquired the capacity for estradiol secretion and ovulation. Meanwhile, the decelerating growth phase occurred between 24 and 48 h of GTH-dependent folliculogenesis. In this phase, the proliferation and expansion of the follicular antrum were reduced, energy metabolism was shifted to oxidative phosphorylation, and cell migration and lipid metabolism were enhanced in preparation for luteinization. We also revealed the key signaling pathways that regulate GTH-dependent folliculogenesis and elucidated the activation sequence of these pathways. A comparison of our RNA-sequencing data with that reported for humans suggested that the mechanisms involved in mouse and human folliculogenesis are evolutionarily conserved. In this study, we draw a detailed atlas of GTH-dependent folliculogenesis, thereby laying the foundation for further investigation of the regulatory mechanisms underlying this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.,National Center for International Research on Animal Genetics, Breeding and reproduction, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.,Department of Hubei Province Engineering Research Center in Buffalo Breeding and Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.,National Center for International Research on Animal Genetics, Breeding and reproduction, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.,Department of Hubei Province Engineering Research Center in Buffalo Breeding and Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Chan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.,National Center for International Research on Animal Genetics, Breeding and reproduction, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.,Department of Hubei Province Engineering Research Center in Buffalo Breeding and Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Qinghua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.,National Center for International Research on Animal Genetics, Breeding and reproduction, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.,Department of Hubei Province Engineering Research Center in Buffalo Breeding and Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Zaohong Ran
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.,National Center for International Research on Animal Genetics, Breeding and reproduction, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.,Department of Hubei Province Engineering Research Center in Buffalo Breeding and Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.,National Center for International Research on Animal Genetics, Breeding and reproduction, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.,Department of Hubei Province Engineering Research Center in Buffalo Breeding and Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Changjiu He
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.,National Center for International Research on Animal Genetics, Breeding and reproduction, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.,Department of Hubei Province Engineering Research Center in Buffalo Breeding and Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
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12
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Jankowski M, Broderick TL, Gutkowska J. The Role of Oxytocin in Cardiovascular Protection. Front Psychol 2020; 11:2139. [PMID: 32982875 PMCID: PMC7477297 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The beneficial effects of oxytocin on infarct size and functional recovery of the ischemic reperfused heart are well documented. The mechanisms for this cardioprotection are not well defined. Evidence indicates that oxytocin treatment improves cardiac work, reduces apoptosis and inflammation, and increases scar vascularization. Oxytocin-mediated cytoprotection involves the production of cGMP stimulated by local release of atrial natriuretic peptide and synthesis of nitric oxide. Treatment with oxytocin reduces the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and reduces immune cell infiltration. Oxytocin also stimulates differentiation stem cells to cardiomyocyte lineages as well as generation of endothelial and smooth muscle cells, promoting angiogenesis. The beneficial actions of oxytocin may include the increase in glucose uptake by cardiomyocytes, reduction in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, decrease in oxidative stress, and mitochondrial protection of several cell types. In cardiac and cellular models of ischemia and reperfusion, acute administration of oxytocin at the onset of reperfusion enhances cardiomyocyte viability and function by activating Pi3K and Akt phosphorylation and downstream cellular signaling. Reperfusion injury salvage kinase and signal transducer and activator of transcription proteins cardioprotective pathways are involved. Oxytocin is cardioprotective by reducing the inflammatory response and improving cardiovascular and metabolic function. Because of its pleiotropic nature, this peptide demonstrates a clear potential for the treatment of cardiovascular pathologies. In this review, we discuss the possible cellular mechanisms of action of oxytocin involved in cardioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Jankowski
- Cardiovascular Biochemistry Laboratory, University of Montreal Hospital Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Tom L Broderick
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Exercise Metabolism, Department of Physiology, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, United States
| | - Jolanta Gutkowska
- Cardiovascular Biochemistry Laboratory, University of Montreal Hospital Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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13
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Martins D, Davies C, De Micheli A, Oliver D, Krawczun-Rygmaczewska A, Fusar-Poli P, Paloyelis Y. Intranasal oxytocin increases heart-rate variability in men at clinical high risk for psychosis: a proof-of-concept study. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:227. [PMID: 32655132 PMCID: PMC7354990 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-00890-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction (i.e., increased sympathetic and/or decreased parasympathetic activity) has been proposed to contribute to psychosis vulnerability. Yet, we still lack directed therapeutic strategies that improve ANS regulation in psychosis or at-risk states. The oxytocin system constitutes a potential therapeutic target, given its role in ANS regulation. However, whether intranasal oxytocin ameliorates autonomic regulation during emerging psychosis is currently unknown. We pooled together two datasets, one of 30 men at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR-P), and another of 17 healthy men, who had participated in two double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomised, crossover MRI studies with similar protocols. All participants self-administered 40 IU of intranasal oxytocin or placebo using a nasal spray. We recorded pulse plethysmography during a period of 8 min at about 1 h post dosing and estimated heart rate (HR) and high-frequency HR variability (HF-HRV), an index of cardio-parasympathetic activity. CHR-P and healthy men did not differ at resting HR or HF-HRV under placebo. We found a significant condition × treatment effect for HF-HRV, showing that intranasal oxytocin, compared with placebo, increased HF-HRV in CHR-P but not in healthy men. The main effects of treatment and condition were not significant. In this proof-of-concept study, we show that intranasal oxytocin increases cardio-parasympathetic activity in CHR-P men, highlighting its therapeutic potential to improve autonomic regulation in this clinical group. Our findings support the need for further research on the preventive and therapeutic potential of intranasal oxytocin during emerging psychosis, where we lack effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Martins
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Cathy Davies
- Early Psychosis: Interventions & Clinical detection (EPIC) lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Andrea De Micheli
- Early Psychosis: Interventions & Clinical detection (EPIC) lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Dominic Oliver
- Early Psychosis: Interventions & Clinical detection (EPIC) lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Alicja Krawczun-Rygmaczewska
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Paolo Fusar-Poli
- Early Psychosis: Interventions & Clinical detection (EPIC) lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
- OASIS Service, South London and the Maudsley NHS National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Yannis Paloyelis
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK.
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14
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Huang J, Mousavi MZ, Giovannini G, Zhao Y, Hubarevich A, Soler MA, Rocchia W, Garoli D, De Angelis F. Multiplexed Discrimination of Single Amino Acid Residues in Polypeptides in a Single SERS Hot Spot. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202000489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian‐An Huang
- Plasmon Nanotechology Unit Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Via Morego 30 16163 Genova Italy
| | - Mansoureh Z. Mousavi
- Plasmon Nanotechology Unit Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Via Morego 30 16163 Genova Italy
| | - Giorgia Giovannini
- Plasmon Nanotechology Unit Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Via Morego 30 16163 Genova Italy
- Present address: EMPA Federal Swiss research Institute 9014 St. Gallen Switzerland
| | - Yingqi Zhao
- Plasmon Nanotechology Unit Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Via Morego 30 16163 Genova Italy
| | - Aliaksandr Hubarevich
- Plasmon Nanotechology Unit Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Via Morego 30 16163 Genova Italy
| | - Miguel A. Soler
- CONCEPT Lab Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Via Melen 83 16152 Genova Italy
| | - Walter Rocchia
- CONCEPT Lab Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Via Melen 83 16152 Genova Italy
| | - Denis Garoli
- Plasmon Nanotechology Unit Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Via Morego 30 16163 Genova Italy
- AB ANALITICA s.r.l. Via Svizzera 16 35127 Padova Italy
| | - Francesco De Angelis
- Plasmon Nanotechology Unit Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Via Morego 30 16163 Genova Italy
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15
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Miyata S, Yamagata H, Matsuo K, Uchida S, Harada K, Fujihara K, Yanagawa Y, Watanabe Y, Mikuni M, Nakagawa S, Fukuda M. Characterization of the signature of peripheral innate immunity in women with later-life major depressive disorder. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 87:831-839. [PMID: 32217081 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of depression in later life is higher in women than in men. However, the sex difference in the pathophysiology of depression in elderly patients is not fully understood. Here, we performed gene expression profiling in leukocytes of middle-aged and elderly patients with major depressive disorder, termed later-life depression (LLD) in this context, and we characterized the sex-dependent pathophysiology of LLD. A microarray dataset obtained from leukocytes of patients (aged ≥50 years) with LLD (32 males and 39 females) and age-matched healthy individuals (20 males and 24 females) was used. Differentially expressed probes were determined by comparing the expression levels between patients and healthy individuals, and then functional annotation analyses (Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, Reactome pathway analysis, and cell-type enrichment analysis) were performed. A total of 1656 probes were differentially expressed in LLD females, but only 3 genes were differentially expressed in LLD males. The differentially expressed genes in LLD females were relevant to leukocyte extravasation signaling, Tec kinase signaling and the innate immune response. The upregulated genes were relevant to myeloid lineage cells such as CD14+ monocytes. In contrast, the downregulated genes were relevant to CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Remarkable innate immune signatures are present in the leukocytes of LLD females but not males. Because inflammation is involved in the pathophysiology of depression, the altered inflammatory activity may be involved in the pathophysiology of LLD in women. In contrast, abnormal inflammation may be an uncommon feature in LLD males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeo Miyata
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan; Department of Genetic and Behavioral Neuroscience, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan.
| | - Hirotaka Yamagata
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Koji Matsuo
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama, Iruma, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
| | - Shusaku Uchida
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan; SK Project, Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 53 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Harada
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Fujihara
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan; Department of Genetic and Behavioral Neuroscience, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Yuchio Yanagawa
- Department of Genetic and Behavioral Neuroscience, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Watanabe
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan; Southern TOHOKU Research Institute for Neuroscience, Southern TOHOKU General Hospital, 7-115 Yatsuyamada, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-8052, Japan
| | - Masahiko Mikuni
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Shin Nakagawa
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Masato Fukuda
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan.
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16
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Japundžić-Žigon N, Lozić M, Šarenac O, Murphy D. Vasopressin & Oxytocin in Control of the Cardiovascular System: An Updated Review. Curr Neuropharmacol 2020; 18:14-33. [PMID: 31544693 PMCID: PMC7327933 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x17666190717150501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of vasopressin (VP) and oxytocin (OT) in 1953, considerable knowledge has been gathered about their roles in cardiovascular homeostasis. Unraveling VP vasoconstrictor properties and V1a receptors in blood vessels generated powerful hemostatic drugs and drugs effective in the treatment of certain forms of circulatory collapse (shock). Recognition of the key role of VP in water balance via renal V2 receptors gave birth to aquaretic drugs found to be useful in advanced stages of congestive heart failure. There are still unexplored actions of VP and OT on the cardiovascular system, both at the periphery and in the brain that may open new venues in treatment of cardiovascular diseases. After a brief overview on VP, OT and their peripheral action on the cardiovascular system, this review focuses on newly discovered hypothalamic mechanisms involved in neurogenic control of the circulation in stress and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maja Lozić
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Olivera Šarenac
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - David Murphy
- School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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17
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Huang JA, Mousavi MZ, Giovannini G, Zhao Y, Hubarevich A, Soler MA, Rocchia W, Garoli D, De Angelis F. Multiplexed Discrimination of Single Amino Acid Residues in Polypeptides in a Single SERS Hot Spot. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:11423-11431. [PMID: 32250516 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202000489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The SERS-based detection of protein sequences with single-residue sensitivity suffers from signal dominance of aromatic amino acid residues and backbones, impeding detection of non-aromatic amino acid residues. Herein, we trap a gold nanoparticle in a plasmonic nanohole to generate a single SERS hot spot for single-molecule detection of 2 similar polypeptides (vasopressin and oxytocin) and 10 distinct amino acids that constitute the 2 polypeptides. Significantly, both aromatic and non-aromatic amino acids are detected and discriminated at the single-molecule level either at individual amino acid molecules or within the polypeptide chains. Correlated with molecular dynamics simulations, our results suggest that the signal dominance due to large spatial occupancy of aromatic rings of the polypeptide sidechains on gold surfaces can be overcome by the high localization of the single hot spot. The superior spectral and spatial discriminative power of our approach can be applied to single-protein analysis, fingerprinting, and sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-An Huang
- Plasmon Nanotechology Unit, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Mansoureh Z Mousavi
- Plasmon Nanotechology Unit, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Giorgia Giovannini
- Plasmon Nanotechology Unit, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy.,Present address: EMPA Federal Swiss research Institute, 9014, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Yingqi Zhao
- Plasmon Nanotechology Unit, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Aliaksandr Hubarevich
- Plasmon Nanotechology Unit, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Miguel A Soler
- CONCEPT Lab, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Melen 83, 16152, Genova, Italy
| | - Walter Rocchia
- CONCEPT Lab, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Melen 83, 16152, Genova, Italy
| | - Denis Garoli
- Plasmon Nanotechology Unit, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy.,AB ANALITICA s.r.l., Via Svizzera 16, 35127, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco De Angelis
- Plasmon Nanotechology Unit, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
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18
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Cafarchio EM, da Silva LA, Auresco LC, Rodart IF, de Souza JS, Antonio BB, Venancio DP, Maifrino LBM, Maciel RMB, Giannocco G, Aronsson P, Sato MA. Oxytocin Reduces Intravesical Pressure in Anesthetized Female Rats: Action on Oxytocin Receptors of the Urinary Bladder. Front Physiol 2020; 11:382. [PMID: 32435202 PMCID: PMC7218109 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Urinary bladder dysfunction affects several people worldwide and shows higher prevalence in women. Micturition is dependent on the Barrington’s nucleus, pontine urine storage center and periaqueductal gray matter, but other brain stem areas are involved in the bladder regulation. Neurons in the medulla oblongata send projections to hypothalamic nuclei as the supraoptic nucleus, which synthetizes oxytocin and in its turn, this peptide is released in the circulation. We investigated the effects of intravenous injection of oxytocin (OT) on the urinary bladder in sham and ovariectomized rats. We also evaluated the topical (in situ) action of OT on intravesical pressure (IP) as well as the existence of oxytocin receptors in the urinary bladder. In sham female Wistar rats, anesthetized with isoflurane, intravenous infusion of OT (10 ng/kg) significantly decreased the IP (–47.5 ± 1.2%) compared to saline (3.4 ± 0.7%). Similar effect in IP was observed in ovariectomized rats after i.v. OT (–41.9 ± 2.9%) compared to saline (0.5 ± 0.6%). Topical administration (in situ) of 0.1 mL of OT (1.0 ng/mL) significantly reduced the IP (22.3.0 ± 0.6%) compared to saline (0.9 ± 0.7%). We also found by qPCR that the gene expression of oxytocin receptor is present in this tissue. Blockade of oxytocin receptors significantly attenuated the reduction in IP evoked by oxytocin i.v. or in situ. Therefore, the findings suggest that (1) intravenous oxytocin decreases IP due to bladder relaxation and (2) OT has local bladder effect, binding directly in receptors located in the bladder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo M Cafarchio
- Department Morphology and Physiology, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Centro Universitário Saúde ABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Luiz A da Silva
- Department Morphology and Physiology, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Centro Universitário Saúde ABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Luciana C Auresco
- Department Morphology and Physiology, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Centro Universitário Saúde ABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Itatiana F Rodart
- Department Collective Health, Human Reproduction and Genetics Center, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Centro Universitário Saúde ABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno B Antonio
- Department Morphology and Physiology, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Centro Universitário Saúde ABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Daniel P Venancio
- Department Morphology and Physiology, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Centro Universitário Saúde ABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Laura B M Maifrino
- Laboratory of Histomophometry, Universidade São Judas Tadeu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rui M B Maciel
- Department Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gisele Giannocco
- Department Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patrik Aronsson
- Department Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Monica A Sato
- Department Morphology and Physiology, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Centro Universitário Saúde ABC, Santo André, Brazil
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19
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Matías Pompa B, López López A, Alonso Fernández M, Vargas Moreno E, González Gutiérrez JL. Stress-Recovery State in Fibromyalgia Patients and Healthy People. Relationship with the Cardiovascular Response to Stress in Laboratory Conditions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17093138. [PMID: 32365957 PMCID: PMC7246877 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17093138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The current study´s objective was to determine the relationship between stress-recovery state and cardiovascular response to an acute stressor in a sample of female fibromyalgia patients in comparison with a control group of healthy participants. The laboratory procedure was completed by 36 participants with fibromyalgia and by 38 healthy women who were exposed to an arithmetic task with harassment while blood pressure and heart rate were measured during task exposure.
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20
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Assersen KB, Sumners C, Steckelings UM. The Renin-Angiotensin System in Hypertension, a Constantly Renewing Classic: Focus on the Angiotensin AT 2-Receptor. Can J Cardiol 2020; 36:683-693. [PMID: 32389341 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2020.02.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It is common knowledge that the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), in particular angiotensin II acting through the angiotensin AT1-receptor (AT1R), is pivotal for the regulation of blood pressure (BP) and extracellular volume. More recent findings have revealed that the RAS is far more complex than initially thought and that it harbours additional mediators and receptors, which are able to counteract and thereby fine-tune AT1R-mediated actions. This review will focus on the angiotensin AT2-receptor (AT2R), which is one of the "counter-regulatory" receptors within the RAS. It will review and discuss data related to the role of the AT2R in regulation of BP and focus on the following 3 questions: Do peripheral AT2R have an impact on BP regulation, and, if so, does this effect become apparent only under certain conditions? Are central nervous system AT2R involved in regulation of BP, and, if so, which brain areas are involved and what are the mechanisms? Does dysfunction of AT2R contribute to the pathogenesis of hypertension in preeclampsia?
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper B Assersen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Colin Sumners
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - U Muscha Steckelings
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
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21
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Swift LA, Christensen BW, Samocha MB, le Jeune SS, Millares-Ramirez EM, Dujovne GA. Randomized Comparative Trial of Acupuncture and Exercise Versus Uterine Ecbolics in the Treatment of Persistent Postbreeding Endometritis in Mares. J Equine Vet Sci 2019; 86:102821. [PMID: 32067656 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2019.102821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Although exercise and acupuncture are frequently used therapies to treat persistent postbreeding endometritis, their efficacy to date is unproven. The objective of this study was to determine if exercise and acupuncture are effective methods to reduce intrauterine fluid and compare the effectiveness of these treatments to the use of uterine ecbolics. Twelve mares susceptible to postbreeding endometritis were enrolled in the study with a randomized cross-over design using both positive and negative controls. During each estrous cycle, mares were randomized into one of six treatment groups, including stall rest (SR), oxytocin, cloprostenol, exercise, electroacupuncture, and oxytocin and exercise. Each mare was challenged with an insemination dose of 500 × 106 dead sperm at time 0 hours. Intrauterine fluid measurements were taken at 0, 4, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours postbreeding. Associations between treatment efficacy and fluid clearance were investigated using a random-effects logistic regression model that controlled for positive uterine culture. Compared with the SR negative control, exercise was the most effective treatment and had 29.7 times increased odds of fluid clearance. The second most effective treatment was oxytocin alone, with 16.9 times increased odds of fluid clearance. This was followed by cloprostenol that had 10.6 greater odds of fluid clearance, and finally, the treatment that combined exercise with oxytocin had 8.4 times greater odds of fluid clearance. Results from this study confirm that exercise and exercise combined with oxytocin are effective methods to clear intrauterine fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Swift
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Bruce W Christensen
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Mollie B Samocha
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Sarah S le Jeune
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA
| | | | - Ghislaine A Dujovne
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA.
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22
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Doi H, Sulpizio S, Esposito G, Katou M, Nishina E, Iriguchi M, Honda M, Oohashi T, Bornstein MH, Shinohara K. Inaudible components of the human infant cry influence haemodynamic responses in the breast region of mothers. J Physiol Sci 2019; 69:1085-1096. [PMID: 31786800 PMCID: PMC10717493 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-019-00729-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Distress vocalizations are fundamental for survival, and both sonic and ultrasonic components of such vocalizations are preserved phylogenetically among many mammals. On this basis, we hypothesized that ultrasonic inaudible components of the acoustic signal might play a heretofore hidden role in humans as well. By investigating the human distress vocalization (infant cry), here we show that, similar to other species, the human infant cry contains ultrasonic components that modulate haemodynamic responses in mothers, without the mother being consciously aware of those modulations. In two studies, we measured the haemodynamic activity in the breasts of mothers while they were exposed to the ultrasonic components of infant cries. Although mothers were not aware of ultrasounds, the presence of the ultrasounds in combination with the audible components increased oxygenated haemoglobin concentration in the mothers' breast region. This modulation was observed only when the body surface was exposed to the ultrasonic components. These findings provide the first evidence indicating that the ultrasonic components of the acoustic signal play a role in human mother-infant interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Doi
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto-cho, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Simone Sulpizio
- Faculty of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Centre for Neurolinguistics and Psycholinguistics, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Esposito
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
- Psychology Program, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Emi Nishina
- Department of Liberal Arts, The Open University of Japan, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mayuko Iriguchi
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto-cho, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Manabu Honda
- Department of Information Medicine, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Oohashi
- Department of Research and Development, Foundation for Advancement of International Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Marc H Bornstein
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, USA
- Institute for Fiscal Studies, London, UK
| | - Kazuyuki Shinohara
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto-cho, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan.
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23
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Association of oxytocin levels and oxytocin receptor gene polymorphism (rs2254298) with cardiovascular risk factors in Brazilian elderly from Primary Health Care. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2019; 84:103903. [PMID: 31326852 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2019.103903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease is a typical phenomenon in the elderly, and are related to unfavorable genetic, hormonal and environmental (lifestyle) interactions. In this context, oxytocin (OT) seems plays a key role in the development of CVD by performing important actions in metabolism energy and hemodynamic variables. OBJECTIVE To verify if there is an association between (OT) levels and the oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) polymorphism (rs2254298) with cardiovascular risk factors (CRF) in the elderly. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study in community-dwelling elderly attending primary health care. The genotyping was done using the polymerase chain reaction technique. The CRF factors investigated included hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, sedentary lifestyle, and obesity. Levels of triglycerides (TGC) postprandial and glucose were measured in capillary blood. OT and cortisol levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS The sample comprised 177 elderly individuals. OT levels showed a significant negative correlation with postprandial triglycerides (p = 0.030) and BMI (p = 0.019). OT levels were also associated with leanness (p = 0.005). On Poisson regression analysis, OT remained a predictor for leanness (p = 0.010). No significant associations were observed between the OXTR polymorphism and CRF. CONCLUSION The results suggest that Postprandial TGC levels are increased, while OT levels are decreased, and this hormone was significantly elevated in lean elderly. Future studies are needed to confirm these findings, and the role of OT in metabolic parameters.
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24
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Reiss AB, Glass DS, Lam E, Glass AD, De Leon J, Kasselman LJ. Oxytocin: Potential to mitigate cardiovascular risk. Peptides 2019; 117:170089. [PMID: 31112739 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death worldwide, despite multiple treatment options. In addition to elevated lipid levels, oxidative stress and inflammation are key factors driving atherogenesis and CVD. New strategies are required to mitigate risk and most urgently for statin-intolerant patients. The neuropeptide hormone oxytocin, synthesized in the brain hypothalamus, is worthy of consideration as a CVD ancillary treatment because it moderates factors directly linked to atherosclerotic CVD such as inflammation, weight gain, food intake and insulin resistance. Though initially studied for its contribution to parturition and lactation, oxytocin participates in social attachment and bonding, associative learning, memory and stress responses. Oxytocin has shown promise in animal models of atherosclerosis and in some human studies as well. A number of properties of oxytocin make it a candidate CVD treatment. Oxytocin not only lowers fat mass and cytokine levels, but also improves glucose tolerance, lowers blood pressure and relieves anxiety. Further, it has an important role in communication in the gut-brain axis that makes it a promising treatment for obesity and type 2 diabetes. Oxytocin acts through its receptor which is a class I G-protein-coupled receptor present in cells of the vascular system including the heart and arteries. While oxytocin is not used for heart disease at present, residual CVD risk remains in a substantial portion of patients despite multidrug regimens, leaving open the possibility of using the endogenous nonapeptide as an adjunct therapy. This review discusses the possible role for oxytocin in human CVD prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison B Reiss
- Department of Medicine and Research Institute, NYU Winthrop Hospital, Mineola NY 11501, USA.
| | - Daniel S Glass
- Department of Medicine and Research Institute, NYU Winthrop Hospital, Mineola NY 11501, USA
| | - Eric Lam
- Department of Medicine and Research Institute, NYU Winthrop Hospital, Mineola NY 11501, USA
| | - Amy D Glass
- Department of Medicine and Research Institute, NYU Winthrop Hospital, Mineola NY 11501, USA
| | - Joshua De Leon
- Department of Medicine and Research Institute, NYU Winthrop Hospital, Mineola NY 11501, USA
| | - Lora J Kasselman
- Department of Medicine and Research Institute, NYU Winthrop Hospital, Mineola NY 11501, USA
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25
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Gao Q, Fan X, Xu T, Li H, He Y, Yang Y, Chen J, Ding H, Tao J, Xu Z. Promoter methylation changes and vascular dysfunction in pre-eclamptic umbilical vein. Clin Epigenetics 2019; 11:84. [PMID: 31138298 PMCID: PMC6537217 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-019-0685-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hypertension is one of primary clinical presentations of pre-eclampsia. The occurrence and progress of hypertension are closely related to vascular dysfunction. However, information is limited regarding the pathological changes of vascular functions in pre-eclamptic fetuses. Human umbilical cord vein was used to investigate the influence of pre-eclampsia on fetal blood vessels in this study. Results The present study found that the vasoconstriction responses to arginine vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OXT) were attenuated in the pre-eclamptic umbilical vein as compared to in normal pregnancy, which was related to the downregulated AVP receptor 1a (AVPR1a), OXT receptor (OXTR), and protein kinase C isoform β (PKCβ), owing to the deactivated gene transcription, respectively. The deactivated AVPR1a, OXTR, and PKCB gene transcription were respectively linked with an increased DNA methylation within the gene promoter. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this study first revealed that a hyper-methylation in gene promoter, leading to relatively reduced patterns of AVPR1a, OXTR, and PKCB expressions, which was responsible for the decreased sensitivity to AVP and OXT in the umbilical vein under conditions of pre-eclampsia. The data offered new and important information for further understanding the pathological features caused by pre-eclampsia in the fetal vascular system, as well as roles of epigenetic-mediated gene expression in umbilical vascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinqin Gao
- Institute for Fetology and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.
| | - Xiaorong Fan
- Institute for Fetology and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Ting Xu
- Institute for Fetology and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Huan Li
- Institute for Fetology and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Yun He
- Institute for Fetology and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Yuxian Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Institute for Fetology and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Hongmei Ding
- Institute for Fetology and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Jianying Tao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhice Xu
- Institute for Fetology and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China. .,Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University, California, USA.
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26
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Wang P, Wang SC, Yang H, Lv C, Jia S, Liu X, Wang X, Meng D, Qin D, Zhu H, Wang YF. Therapeutic Potential of Oxytocin in Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: Mechanisms and Signaling Pathways. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:454. [PMID: 31178679 PMCID: PMC6537480 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major cardiovascular disease responsible for high morbidity and mortality worldwide. The major pathophysiological basis of CAD is atherosclerosis in association with varieties of immunometabolic disorders that can suppress oxytocin (OT) receptor (OTR) signaling in the cardiovascular system (CVS). By contrast, OT not only maintains cardiovascular integrity but also has the potential to suppress and even reverse atherosclerotic alterations and CAD. These protective effects of OT are associated with its protection of the heart and blood vessels from immunometabolic injuries and the resultant inflammation and apoptosis through both peripheral and central approaches. As a result, OT can decelerate the progression of atherosclerosis and facilitate the recovery of CVS from these injuries. At the cellular level, the protective effect of OT on CVS involves a broad array of OTR signaling events. These signals mainly belong to the reperfusion injury salvage kinase pathway that is composed of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt-endothelial nitric oxide synthase cascades and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2. Additionally, AMP-activated protein kinase, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase signaling and many others are also implicated in OTR signaling in the CVS protection. These signaling events interact coordinately at many levels to suppress the production of inflammatory cytokines and the activation of apoptotic pathways. A particular target of these signaling events is endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and mitochondrial oxidative stress that interact through mitochondria-associated ER membrane. In contrast to these protective effects and machineries, rare but serious cardiovascular disturbances were also reported in labor induction and animal studies including hypotension, reflexive tachycardia, coronary spasm or thrombosis and allergy. Here, we review our current understanding of the protective effect of OT against varieties of atherosclerotic etiologies as well as the approaches and underlying mechanisms of these effects. Moreover, potential cardiovascular disturbances following OT application are also discussed to avoid unwanted effects in clinical trials of OT usages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Stephani C Wang
- Department of Medicine, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Haipeng Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Forth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chunmei Lv
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shuwei Jia
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoran Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Dexin Meng
- Department of Physiology, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Danian Qin
- Department of Physiology, Shantou University of Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yu-Feng Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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27
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González JL, Alonso-Fernández M, Matías-Pompa B, Carretero I, Nieto-Bona MP, López-López A. Cardiovascular Responses of Women with Fibromyalgia to a Laboratory Stressor: Does Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Comorbidity Matter? PAIN MEDICINE 2019; 20:988-999. [PMID: 30476240 DOI: 10.1093/pm/pny210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study compared cardiovascular responses to a laboratory trauma-unrelated stressor of two groups of women diagnosed with fibromyalgia (FM), one of them with comorbid post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), with a group of healthy controls in order to detect the possible existence of differences linked to comorbidity. DESIGN Case-controls. METHODS Eighteen women diagnosed with FM and comorbid PTSD, 18 women diagnosed with FM and no PTSD, and 38 healthy women were exposed to an arithmetic task with harassment while blood pressure and heart rate were measured during task exposure and recovery. RESULTS Although heart rate response evidenced a general blunted reactivity for both groups of FM patients, only those with comorbid PTSD presented lower levels of reactivity in terms of their systolic blood pressure response. In addition, systolic blood pressure response was sensitive to the presence of depression in both groups of FM patients and controls. Finally, although both groups of FM patients showed significantly slower rates of recovery, their final recovery state was not worse after twelve minutes of recording. CONCLUSIONS Results of this study point to comorbid PTSD as a significant contributor to the blunted cardiovascular reactivity observed in FM patients, which may be dependent to a great extent on depressive symptomatology. As some degree of cardiovascular response to stress is functional in that it mobilizes energy and triggers the necessary compensatory mechanisms to manage stressors, this study supports the well-recognized clinical strategies of detection and treatment of PTSD and concomitant depression in the management of FM.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis González
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Psychology, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Medical Microbiology and Immunology, King Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miriam Alonso-Fernández
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Psychology, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Medical Microbiology and Immunology, King Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Borja Matías-Pompa
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Psychology, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Medical Microbiology and Immunology, King Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Carretero
- Department of Psychology and Pedagogy, San Pablo CEU University, King Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ma Paz Nieto-Bona
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, King Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Almudena López-López
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Psychology, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Medical Microbiology and Immunology, King Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain
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Birch S, Lu C. Ergometrine-induced atrial fibrillation at caesarean section. BMJ Case Rep 2019; 12:12/2/e226747. [PMID: 30765440 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2018-226747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A 36-year-old woman with a history of one previous caesarean section presented to the birthing suite of a regional hospital with spontaneous rupture of membranes at 39+2/40 weeks. Syntocinon was administered to initiate uterine contractions in the absence of labour, as the patient desired vaginal birth. A caesarean section was subsequently indicated and ergometrine was administered for uterine atony. The patient immediately developed atrial fibrillation (AF). AF is the most common sustained arrhythmia in the general population, but is rare in the obstetric population. AF occurring in an intrapartum setting following the administration of syntocinon and ergometrine, is not documented in the literature. We suggest the initiation of paroxysmal AF was precipitated by an abrupt alteration in autonomic tone caused by administration of syntocinon followed by ergometrine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Birch
- Cardiology department, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Corrine Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Centenary Hospital for Women and Children, Canberra Hospital, Garran, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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29
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Grippo AJ, McNeal N, Watanasriyakul WT, Cacioppo S, Scotti MAL, Dagner A. Behavioral and cardiovascular consequences of disrupted oxytocin communication in cohabitating pairs of male and female prairie voles. Soc Neurosci 2019; 14:649-662. [PMID: 30658044 DOI: 10.1080/17470919.2019.1572031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Negative social experiences may influence psychological and physiological health via altered central oxytocin communication. The prairie vole is valuable for investigating the potential influence of oxytocin on responses to social experiences. Prairie voles are socially monogamous, live in pairs or family groups, and respond negatively to changes in the social environment. This study investigated the hypothesis that disruptions of oxytocin in one prairie vole of a cohabitating male-female pair would alter social behavior in that specific animal; and these behavioral changes in turn would influence the untreated partner's behavior and physiology. Pharmacological antagonism of oxytocin with the receptor antagonist L-368,899 in the male prairie vole disrupted social behaviors between the male and his untreated female partner. This manipulation also negatively influenced the behavior and cardiovascular function in the untreated female partner, including increased: (a) depression-relevant behaviors in two behavioral stressors, (b) basal mean arterial pressure and heart rate, and (c) cardiovascular reactivity to the behavioral stressors. These results suggest that disruptions of oxytocin and social behavior in one animal may produce indicators of social stress in an untreated social partner. This preliminary research provides a foundation for future studies to investigate mechanisms underlying responses to social experiences in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela J Grippo
- Department of Psychology, Northern Illinois University , DeKalb , IL , USA
| | - Neal McNeal
- Department of Psychology, Northern Illinois University , DeKalb , IL , USA
| | | | - Stephanie Cacioppo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience and Center for Cognitive and Social Neuroscience, University of Chicago , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Melissa-Ann L Scotti
- Department of Psychology, Northern Illinois University , DeKalb , IL , USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Brain-Body Center, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Ashley Dagner
- Department of Psychology, Northern Illinois University , DeKalb , IL , USA
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Szabadi E. Functional Organization of the Sympathetic Pathways Controlling the Pupil: Light-Inhibited and Light-Stimulated Pathways. Front Neurol 2018; 9:1069. [PMID: 30619035 PMCID: PMC6305320 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.01069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pupil dilation is mediated by a sympathetic output acting in opposition to parasympathetically mediated pupil constriction. While light stimulates the parasympathetic output, giving rise to the light reflex, it can both inhibit and stimulate the sympathetic output. Light-inhibited sympathetic pathways originate in retina-receptive neurones of the pretectum and the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN): by attenuating sympathetic activity, they allow unimpeded operation of the light reflex. Light stimulates the noradrenergic and serotonergic pathways. The hub of the noradrenergic pathway is the locus coeruleus (LC) containing both excitatory sympathetic premotor neurones (SympPN) projecting to preganglionic neurones in the spinal cord, and inhibitory parasympathetic premotor neurones (ParaPN) projecting to preganglionic neurones in the Edinger-Westphal nucleus (EWN). SympPN receive inputs from the SCN via the dorsomedial hypothalamus, orexinergic neurones of the latero-posterior hypothalamus, wake- and sleep-promoting neurones of the hypothalamus and brain stem, nociceptive collaterals of the spinothalamic tract, whereas ParaPN receive inputs from the amygdala, sleep/arousal network, nociceptive spinothalamic collaterals. The activity of LC neurones is regulated by inhibitory α2-adrenoceptors. There is a species difference in the function of the preautonomic LC. In diurnal animals, the α2-adrenoceptor agonist clonidine stimulates mainly autoreceptors on SymPN, causing miosis, whereas in nocturnal animals it stimulates postsynaptic α2-arenoceptors in the EWN, causing mydriasis. Noxious stimulation activates SympPN in diurnal animals and ParaPN in nocturnal animals, leading to pupil dilation via sympathoexcitation and parasympathetic inhibition, respectively. These differences may be attributed to increased activity of excitatory LC neurones due to stimulation by light in diurnal animals. This may also underlie the wake-promoting effect of light in diurnal animals, in contrast to its sleep-promoting effect in nocturnal species. The hub of the serotonergic pathway is the dorsal raphe nucleus that is light-sensitive, both directly and indirectly (via an orexinergic input). The light-stimulated pathways mediate a latent mydriatic effect of light on the pupil that can be unmasked by drugs that either inhibit or stimulate SympPN in these pathways. The noradrenergic pathway has widespread connections to neural networks controlling a variety of functions, such as sleep/arousal, pain, and fear/anxiety. Many physiological and psychological variables modulate pupil function via this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elemer Szabadi
- Developmental Psychiatry, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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31
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Rabow S, Hjorth U, Schönbeck S, Olofsson P. Effects of oxytocin and anaesthesia on vascular tone in pregnant women: a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled study using non-invasive pulse wave analysis. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2018; 18:453. [PMID: 30466402 PMCID: PMC6249927 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-018-2029-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxytocin is an uterotonic drug with profound cardiovascular effects, which in compromised patients could lead to serious events. The objective was to investigate whether oxytocin affects cardiac function and vascular tone in large and small arteries. We hypothesized that oxytocin decreases arterial vascular tone and elevates cardiac output. METHODS 51 pregnant women were randomised to treatment with 8.3 μg (5 U) oxytocin or placebo injection during first trimester surgical evacuation of the gravid uterus under general anaesthesia. Oxytocin or placebo was administered once either early or late in the procedure, in a double-blind fashion. Digital photoplethysmography pulse wave analysis variables, heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure and electrocardiographic ST index were recorded before and after anaesthesia and after each injection. Non-parametric statistics were used with a two-sided P value < 0.05 considered significant. RESULTS Anaesthesia induced a significant fall in blood pressure, heart rate and vascular tone in small and peripheral arteries. Oxytocin had a vasodilatory effect on small and peripheral arteries and increased the left cardiac ventricular ejection time. The ST index decreased. CONCLUSIONS Pulse wave analysis indicated peripheral vasodilation and increased cardiac output after oxytocin, implying increased myocardial oxygen demand. These effects might have been enhanced by the vasodilating effects of anaesthesia. Previous studies have demonstrated myocardial ischaemia after oxytocin, as reflected by a decrease in ST index in the present study. TRIAL REGISTRATION Trial registration number ISRCTN17860978 , 2018/03/14, Retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofus Rabow
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, S-22185, Lund, Sweden. .,Department. of Intensive and Perioperative Care, Skåne University Hospital, S-22185, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Ull Hjorth
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Sofia Schönbeck
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Per Olofsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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Gruson D. Oxytocin testing and reproductive health: Status and clinical applications. Clin Biochem 2018; 62:55-61. [PMID: 30392999 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2018.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Oxytocin (OT) is a nonapeptide hormone mainly synthesized in the magnocellular neurons of the paraventricular and supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus. In the extra-hypothalamic brain areas, OT acts like neurotransmitters and modulators. The physiological functions of OT are multiple. OT participates to the coordination and control of gonadal development and reproduction. OT appears also as an important regulator of social behaviors such as affiliative, parental, and romantic behaviors. Recent evidence suggests other roles for OT such as potent effects on cardiometabolic functions or involvement in stress-related disorders. The growing interest around the clinical role of OT raised the question of the measurement of OT levels and performances of assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Gruson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Cliniques Universitaires St-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Pôle de recherche en Endocrinologie, Diabète et Nutrition, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Cliniques Universitaires St-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
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Griffiths PR, Lolait SJ, Pearce LE, McBryde FD, Paton JFR, O'Carroll AM. Blockade of Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla Apelin Receptors Does Not Attenuate Arterial Pressure in SHR and L-NAME-Induced Hypertensive Rats. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1488. [PMID: 30459635 PMCID: PMC6232890 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of the apelinergic system, comprised of the neuropeptide apelin mediating its effects via the G protein-coupled apelin receptor (APJ), may underlie the onset of cardiovascular disease such as hypertension. Apelin expression is increased in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) compared to Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) normotensive rats, however, evidence that the apelinergic system chronically influences mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) under pathophysiological conditions remains to be established. In this study we investigated, in conscious unrestrained rats, whether APJ contributes to MABP and sympathetic vasomotor tone in the progression of two models of hypertension - SHR and L-NAME-treated rats - and whether APJ contributes to the development of hypertension in pre-hypertensive SHR. In SHR we showed that APJ gene (aplnr) expression was elevated in the RVLM, and there was a greater MABP increase following microinjection of [Pyr1]apelin-13 to the RVLM of SHR compared to WKY rats. Bilateral microinjection of a lentiviral APJ-specific-shRNA construct into the RVLM of WKY, SHR, and L-NAME-treated rats, chronically implanted with radiotelemeters to measure MABP, decreased aplnr expression in the RVLM and abolished acute [Pyr1]apelin-13-induced increases in MABP. However, chronic knockdown of aplnr in the RVLM did not affect MABP in either SHR or L-NAME-treated rats. Moreover, knockdown of aplnr in the RVLM of prehypertensive SHR did not protect against the development of hypertension. These results show that endogenous apelin, acting via APJ, is not involved in the genesis or maintenance of hypertension in either animal model used in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip R Griffiths
- Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J Lolait
- Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Louise E Pearce
- Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona D McBryde
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Julian F R Paton
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Anne-Marie O'Carroll
- Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Unravelling the intravenous and in situ vasopressin effects on the urinary bladder in anesthetized female rats: More than one vasopressin receptor subtype involved? Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 834:109-117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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35
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High norepinephrinergic orthostatic hypotension in early Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2018; 55:97-102. [PMID: 29880316 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2018.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Plasma norepinephrine concentration reflects lesions causing OH. We investigate whether patients with high norepinephrinergic orthostatic hypotension (OH) whose supine plasma norepinephrine concentration (NEsupine) is above the mean value in all patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) have central sympathetic denervation. METHODS We analyzed data from 110 non-demented patients with early de novo PD who underwent cardiovascular examinations. We divided the patients into three groups according to the presence or absence of orthostatic hypotension and NEsupine: patients without OH, patients with OH+high NEsupine, and patients with OH+low NEsupine. RESULTS The mean NEsupine in all patients was 251.6 pg/ml. Twelve patients (10.9%) had OH+high NEsupine (≥251.6 pg/ml), and 45 patients (40.9%) had OH+low NEsupine (<251.6 pg/ml). OH was more pronounced in patients with OH+high NEsupine than in those with OH+low NEsupine (p = 0.024). Vasopressin release and percent increase of NE after orthostatic stress were well preserved in patients with OH+low NEsupine, but not in patients with OH+high NEsupine. Cognition was lower in patients with OH+high NEsupine than in patients with OH+low NEsupine (p = 0.019) and was associated with vasopressin release during orthostatic stress on multiple regression analysis. The degree of cardiac sympathetic denervation did not differ between two groups with OH. CONCLUSIONS Patient with PD and high norepinephrinergic OH are a subset of patients who have early cognitive decline and impaired vasopressin release. Vasopressin release after orthostatic stress was closely related to global cognition in PD.
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Abstract
Hypertension is a prevalent and major health problem, involving a complex integration of different organ systems, including the central nervous system (CNS). The CNS and the hypothalamus in particular are intricately involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension. In fact, evidence supports altered hypothalamic neuronal activity as a major factor contributing to increased sympathetic drive and increased blood pressure. Several mechanisms have been proposed to contribute to hypothalamic-driven sympathetic activity, including altered ion channel function. Ion channels are critical regulators of neuronal excitability and synaptic function in the brain and, thus, important for blood pressure homeostasis regulation. These include sodium channels, voltage-gated calcium channels, and potassium channels being some of them already identified in hypothalamic neurons. This brief review summarizes the hypothalamic ion channels that may be involved in hypertension, highlighting recent findings that suggest that hypothalamic ion channel modulation can affect the central control of blood pressure and, therefore, suggesting future development of interventional strategies designed to treat hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Geraldes
- Instituto de Fisiologia, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sérgio Laranjo
- Instituto de Fisiologia, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Isabel Rocha
- Instituto de Fisiologia, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisbon, Portugal. .,Centro Cardiovascular da Universidade de Lisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisbon, Portugal.
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37
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Lozić M, Šarenac O, Murphy D, Japundžić-Žigon N. Vasopressin, Central Autonomic Control and Blood Pressure Regulation. Curr Hypertens Rep 2018; 20:11. [DOI: 10.1007/s11906-018-0811-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Dal Lin C, Tona F, Osto E. The Heart as a Psychoneuroendocrine and Immunoregulatory Organ. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1065:225-239. [PMID: 30051388 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-77932-4_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The heart can be viewed not just as muscle pump but also as an important checkpoint for a complex network of nervous, endocrine, and immune signals. The heart is able to process neurological signals independently from the brain and to crosstalk with the endocrine and immune systems. The heart communicates with the psyche through the neuro-endocrine-immune system in a highly integrated way, in order to maintain the homeostasis of the whole body with peculiarities specific to males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Dal Lin
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Tona
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Elena Osto
- Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Federal Institute of Technology Zurich ETHZ, Zurich, Switzerland. .,Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich and University Heart Center, Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Steckelings UM, Kloet AD, Sumners C. Centrally Mediated Cardiovascular Actions of the Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2017; 28:684-693. [PMID: 28733135 PMCID: PMC5563271 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sustained increases in the activity of the sympathetic neural pathways that exit the brain and which increase blood pressure (BP) are a major underlying factor in resistant hypertension. Recently available information on the occurrence of angiotensin II type 2 receptors (AT2Rs) within or adjacent to brain cardiovascular control centers is consistent with findings that stimulation of these receptors lowers BP, particularly during hypertension of neurogenic origin. Until recently brain AT2R had not been considered by many to play a role in the central control of BP. Demonstration of these powerful antihypertensive effects of brain AT2R opens the door to reconsideration of their role in BP regulation, and their consideration as a novel therapeutic avenue for resistant hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Muscha Steckelings
- Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM), Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Annette de Kloet
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Colin Sumners
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA.
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40
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Bernstein HG, Müller S, Dobrowolny H, Wolke C, Lendeckel U, Bukowska A, Keilhoff G, Becker A, Trübner K, Steiner J, Bogerts B. Insulin-regulated aminopeptidase immunoreactivity is abundantly present in human hypothalamus and posterior pituitary gland, with reduced expression in paraventricular and suprachiasmatic neurons in chronic schizophrenia. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2017; 267:427-443. [PMID: 28035472 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-016-0757-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The vasopressin- and oxytocin-degrading enzyme insulin-regulated aminopeptidase (IRAP) is expressed in various organs including the brain. However, knowledge about its presence in human hypothalamus is fragmentary. Functionally, for a number of reasons (genetic linkage, hydrolysis of oxytocin and vasopressin, its role as angiotensin IV receptor in learning and memory and others) IRAP might play a role in schizophrenia. We studied the regional and cellular localization of IRAP in normal human brain with special emphasis on the hypothalamus and determined numerical densities of IRAP-expressing cells in the paraventricular, supraoptic and suprachiasmatic nuclei in schizophrenia patients and controls. By using immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis, IRAP was immunolocalized in postmortem human brains. Cell countings were performed to estimate numbers and numerical densities of IRAP immunoreactive hypothalamic neurons in schizophrenia patients and control cases. Shape, size and regional distribution of IRAP-expressing cells, as well the lack of co-localization with the glia marker glutamine synthetase, show that IRAP is expressed in neurons. IRAP immunoreactive cells were observed in the hippocampal formation, cerebral cortex, thalamus, amygdala and, abundantly, hypothalamus. Double labeling experiments (IRAP and oxytocin/neurophysin 1, IRAP with vasopressin/neurophysin 2) revealed that IRAP is present in oxytocinergic and in vasopressinergic neurons. In schizophrenia patients, the numerical density of IRAP-expressing neurons in the paraventricular and the suprachiasmatic nuclei is significantly reduced, which might be associated with the reduction in neurophysin-containing neurons in these nuclei in schizophrenia. The pathophysiological role of lowered hypothalamic IRAP expression in schizophrenia remains to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Gert Bernstein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Susan Müller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Hendrik Dobrowolny
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Carmen Wolke
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Uwe Lendeckel
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Alicja Bukowska
- EUTRAF Working Group, Molecular Electrophysiology, University Hospital Magdeburg, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Gerburg Keilhoff
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Magdeburg, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Axel Becker
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, University of Magdeburg, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Kurt Trübner
- Department for Legal Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Johann Steiner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Bogerts
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
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Cheah HY, Kiew LV, Lee HB, Japundžić-Žigon N, Vicent MJ, Hoe SZ, Chung LY. Preclinical safety assessments of nano-sized constructs on cardiovascular system toxicity: A case for telemetry. J Appl Toxicol 2017; 37:1268-1285. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hoay Yan Cheah
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine; University of Malaya; 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Lik Voon Kiew
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine; University of Malaya; 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Hong Boon Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine; University of Malaya; 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Nina Japundžić-Žigon
- Institute of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine; University of Belgrade; Republic of Serbia
| | - Marίa J. Vicent
- Polymer Therapeutics Lab; Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe; Av. Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3 E-46012 Valencia Spain
| | - See Ziau Hoe
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine; University of Malaya; 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Lip Yong Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine; University of Malaya; 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
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Kiss A, Majercikova Z. Repeated asenapine treatment does not participate in the mild stress induced FosB/ΔFosB expression in the rat hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus neurons. Neuropeptides 2017; 61:57-65. [PMID: 27756486 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Effect of repeated asenapine (ASE) treatment on FosB/ΔFosB expression was studied in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of male rats exposed to chronic mild stress (CMS) for 21days. Our intention was to find out whether repeated ASE treatment for 14days may: 1) induce FosB/ΔFosB expression in the PVN; 2) activate selected PVN neuronal phenotypes, synthesizing oxytocin (OXY), vasopressin (AVP), corticoliberin (CRH) or tyrosine hydroxylase (TH); and 3) interfere with the impact of CMS. Control, ASE, CMS, and CMS+ASE treated groups were used. CMS included restraint, social isolation, crowding, swimming, and cold. From the 7th day of CMS, rats received ASE (0.3mg/kg) or saline (300μl/rat) subcutaneously, twice a day for 14days. They were sacrificed on the day 22nd (16-18h after last treatments). FosB/ΔFosB was visualized with avidin biotin peroxidase complex and OXY, AVP, CRH or TH antibodies by fluorescent dyes. Saline and ASE did not promote FosB/ΔFosB expression in the PVN. CMS and CMS+ASE elicited FosB/ΔFosB-expression in the PVN, whereas, ASE did not augment or attenuate FosB/ΔFosB induction elicited by CMS. FosB/ΔFosB-CRH occurred after CMS and CMS+ASE treatments in the PVN middle sector, while FosB/ΔFosB-AVP and FosB/ΔFosB-OXY after CMS and CMS+ASE treatments in the PVN posterior sector. FosB/ΔFosB-TH colocalization was rare. Larger FosB/ΔFosB profiles, running above the PVN, did not show any colocalizations. The study provides an anatomical/functional knowledge about an unaccented nature of prolonged ASE treatment at the level of PVN and excludes its positive or negative interplay with CMS effect. Data indicate that long-lasting ASE treatment might not act as a stressor acting at the PVN level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kiss
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedial Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Zuzana Majercikova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedial Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Underwood CF, Hildreth CM, Wyse BF, Boyd R, Goodchild AK, Phillips JK. Uraemia: an unrecognized driver of central neurohumoral dysfunction in chronic kidney disease? Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2017; 219:305-323. [PMID: 27247097 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) carries a large cardiovascular burden in part due to hypertension and neurohumoral dysfunction - manifesting as sympathetic overactivity, baroreflex dysfunction and chronically elevated circulating vasopressin. Alterations within the central nervous system (CNS) are necessary for the expression of neurohumoral dysfunction in CKD; however, the underlying mechanisms are poorly defined. Uraemic toxins are a diverse group of compounds that accumulate as a direct result of renal disease and drive dysfunction in multiple organs, including the brain. Intensive haemodialysis improves both sympathetic overactivity and cardiac baroreflex sensitivity in renal failure patients, indicating that uraemic toxins participate in the maintenance of autonomic dysfunction in CKD. In rodents exposed to uraemia, immediate early gene expression analysis suggests upregulated activity of not only pre-sympathetic but also vasopressin-secretory nuclei. We outline several potential mechanisms by which uraemia might drive neurohumoral dysfunction in CKD. These include superoxide-dependent effects on neural activity, depletion of nitric oxide and induction of low-grade systemic inflammation. Recent evidence has highlighted superoxide production as an intermediate for the depolarizing effect of some uraemic toxins on neuronal cells. We provide preliminary data indicating augmented superoxide production within the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus in the Lewis polycystic kidney rat, which might be important for mediating the neurohumoral dysfunction exhibited in this CKD model. We speculate that the uraemic state might serve to sensitize the central actions of other sympathoexcitatory factors, including renal afferent nerve inputs to the CNS and angiotensin II, by way of recruiting convergent superoxide-dependent and pro-inflammatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. F. Underwood
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; Macquarie University; Sydney NSW Australia
| | - C. M. Hildreth
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; Macquarie University; Sydney NSW Australia
| | - B. F. Wyse
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; Macquarie University; Sydney NSW Australia
| | - R. Boyd
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; Macquarie University; Sydney NSW Australia
| | - A. K. Goodchild
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; Macquarie University; Sydney NSW Australia
| | - J. K. Phillips
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; Macquarie University; Sydney NSW Australia
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Polshekan M, Jamialahmadi K, Khori V, Alizadeh AM, Saeidi M, Ghayour-Mobarhan M, Jand Y, Ghahremani MH, Yazdani Y. RISK pathway is involved in oxytocin postconditioning in isolated rat heart. Peptides 2016; 86:55-62. [PMID: 27717750 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The reperfusion injury salvage kinase (RISK) pathway is a fundamental signal transduction cascade in the cardioprotective mechanism of ischemic postconditioning. In the present study, we examined the cardioprotective role of oxytocin as a postconditioning agent via activation of the RISK pathway (PI3K/Akt and ERK1/2). Animals were randomly divided into 6 groups. The hearts were subjected under 30minutes (min) ischemia and 100min reperfusion. OT was perfused 15min at the early phase of reperfusion. RISK pathway inhibitors (Wortmannin; an Akt inhibitor, PD98059; an ERK1/2 inhibitor) and Atosiban (an OT receptor antagonist) were applied either alone 10min before the onset of the ischemia or in the combination with OT during early reperfusion phase. Myocardial infarct size, hemodynamic factors, ventricular arrhythmia, coronary flow and cardiac biochemical marker were measured at the end of reperfusion. OT postconditioning (OTpost), significantly decreased the infarct size, arrhythmia score, incidence of ventricular fibrillation, Lactate dehydrogenase and it increased coronary flow. The cardioprotective effect of OTpos was abrogated by PI3K/Akt, ERK1/2 inhibitors and Atosiban. Our data have shown that OTpost can activate RISK pathway mostly via the PI3K/Akt and ERK1/2 signaling cascades during the early phase of reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirali Polshekan
- Student Research Committee, Department of Modern Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Kadijeh Jamialahmadi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vahid Khori
- Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | | | - Mohsen Saeidi
- Stem cell Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan
- Biochemistry of Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Yahya Jand
- Ischemic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Ghahremani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yaghoub Yazdani
- Infectious Diseases Research Center and Laboratory Science Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
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Lozić M, Tasić T, Martin A, Greenwood M, Šarenac O, Hindmarch C, Paton JF, Murphy D, Japundžić-Žigon N. Over-expression of V1A receptors in PVN modulates autonomic cardiovascular control. Pharmacol Res 2016; 114:185-195. [PMID: 27810519 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) is a key integrative site for the neuroendocrine control of the circulation and of the stress response. It is also a major source of the neuropeptide hormone vasopressin (VP), and co-expresses V1a receptors (V1aR). We thus sought to investigate the role of V1aR in PVN in cardiovascular control in response to stress. Experiments were performed in male Wistar rats equipped with radiotelemetric device. The right PVN was transfected with adenoviral vectors (Ads) engineered to over-express V1aR along with an enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) tag. Control groups were PVN transfected with Ads expressing eGFP alone, or wild-type rats (Wt). Rats were recorded with and without selective blockade of V1aR (V1aRX) in PVN under both baseline and stressed conditions. Blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), their short-term variabilities, and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) were evaluated using spectral analysis and the sequence method, respectively. Under baseline physiological conditions,V1aR rats exhibited reduced BRS and a marked increase of BP and HR variability during exposure to stress. These effects were all prevented by V1aRX pretreatment. In Wt rats, V1aRX did not modify cardiovascular parameters under baseline conditions, and prevented BP variability increase by stress. However, V1aRX pretreatment did not modify baroreflex desensitization by stress in either rat strain. It follows that increased expression of V1aR in PVN influences autonomic cardiovascular regulation and demarcates vulnerability to stress. We thus suggest a possible role of hypothalamic V1aR in cardiovascular pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Lozić
- Institute of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Tasić
- Institute of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Andrew Martin
- Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, The Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, University of Bristol, Bristol, England BS1 3NY, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Greenwood
- Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, The Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, University of Bristol, Bristol, England BS1 3NY, United Kingdom
| | - Olivera Šarenac
- Institute of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, The Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, University of Bristol, Bristol, England BS1 3NY, United Kingdom
| | - Charles Hindmarch
- Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, The Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, University of Bristol, Bristol, England BS1 3NY, United Kingdom; Department of Physiology, University of Malaya, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Julian F Paton
- School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol, England BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - David Murphy
- Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, The Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, University of Bristol, Bristol, England BS1 3NY, United Kingdom; Department of Physiology, University of Malaya, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Nina Japundžić-Žigon
- Institute of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
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Levine TA, Alderdice FA, Grunau RE, McAuliffe FM. Prenatal stress and hemodynamics in pregnancy: a systematic review. Arch Womens Ment Health 2016; 19:721-39. [PMID: 27329120 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-016-0645-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Maternal prenatal stress is associated with preterm birth, intrauterine growth restriction, and developmental delay. However, the impact of prenatal stress on hemodynamics during pregnancy remains unclear. This systematic review was conducted in order to assess the quality of the evidence available to date regarding the relationship between prenatal stress and maternal-fetal hemodynamics. The PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Maternity and Infant Care, Trip, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL databases were searched using the search terms pregnancy; stress; fetus; blood; Doppler; ultrasound. Studies were eligible for inclusion if prenatal stress was assessed with standardized measures, hemodynamics was measured with Doppler ultrasound, and methods were adequately described. A specifically designed data extraction form was used. The methodological quality of included studies was assessed using well-accepted quality appraisal guidelines. Of 2532 studies reviewed, 12 met the criteria for inclusion. Six reported that prenatal stress significantly affects maternal or fetal hemodynamics; six found no significant association between maternal stress and circulation. Significant relationships between prenatal stress and uterine artery resistance (RI) and pulsatility (PI) indices, umbilical artery RI, PI, and systolic/diastolic ratio, fetal middle cerebral artery PI, cerebroplacental ratio, and umbilical vein volume blood flow were found. To date, there is limited evidence that prenatal stress is associated with changes in circulation. More carefully designed studies with larger sample sizes, repeated assessments across gestation, tighter control for confounding factors, and measures of pregnancy-specific stress will clarify this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terri A Levine
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Fiona A Alderdice
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Ruth E Grunau
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland.,Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Fionnuala M McAuliffe
- UCD Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Northern Ireland.
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Louge P, Coulange M, Beneton F, Gempp E, Le Pennetier O, Algoud M, Dubourg L, Naibo P, Marlinge M, Michelet P, Vairo D, Kipson N, Kerbaul F, Jammes Y, Jones IM, Steinberg JG, Ruf J, Guieu R, Boussuges A, Fenouillet E. Pathophysiological and diagnostic implications of cardiac biomarkers and antidiuretic hormone release in distinguishing immersion pulmonary edema from decompression sickness. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e4060. [PMID: 27368044 PMCID: PMC4937958 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000004060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Immersion pulmonary edema (IPE) is a misdiagnosed environmental illness caused by water immersion, cold, and exertion. IPE occurs typically during SCUBA diving, snorkeling, and swimming. IPE is sometimes associated with myocardial injury and/or loss of consciousness in water, which may be fatal. IPE is thought to involve hemodynamic and cardiovascular disturbances, but its pathophysiology remains largely unclear, which makes IPE prevention difficult. This observational study aimed to document IPE pathogenesis and improve diagnostic reliability, including distinguishing in some conditions IPE from decompression sickness (DCS), another diving-related disorder.Thirty-one patients (19 IPE, 12 DCS) treated at the Hyperbaric Medicine Department (Ste-Anne hospital, Toulon, France; July 2013-June 2014) were recruited into the study. Ten healthy divers were recruited as controls. We tested: (i) copeptin, a surrogate marker for antidiuretic hormone and a stress marker; (ii) ischemia-modified albumin, an ischemia/hypoxia marker; (iii) brain-natriuretic peptide (BNP), a marker of heart failure, and (iv) ultrasensitive-cardiac troponin-I (cTnI), a marker of myocardial ischemia.We found that copeptin and cardiac biomarkers were higher in IPE versus DCS and controls: (i) copeptin: 68% of IPE patients had a high level versus 25% of DCS patients (P < 0.05) (mean ± standard-deviation: IPE: 53 ± 61 pmol/L; DCS: 15 ± 17; controls: 6 ± 3; IPE versus DCS or controls: P < 0.05); (ii) ischemia-modified albumin: 68% of IPE patients had a high level versus 16% of DCS patients (P < 0.05) (IPE: 123 ± 25 arbitrary-units; DCS: 84 ± 25; controls: 94 ± 7; IPE versus DCS or controls: P < 0.05); (iii) BNP: 53% of IPE patients had a high level, DCS patients having normal values (P < 0.05) (IPE: 383 ± 394 ng/L; DCS: 37 ± 28; controls: 19 ± 15; IPE versus DCS or controls: P < 0.01); (iv) cTnI: 63% of IPE patients had a high level, DCS patients having normal values (P < 0.05) (IPE: 0.66 ± 1.50 μg/L; DCS: 0.0061 ± 0.0040; controls: 0.0090 ± 0.01; IPE versus DCS or controls: P < 0.01). The combined "BNP-cTnI" levels provided most discrimination: all IPE patients, but none of the DCS patients, had elevated levels of either/both of these markers.We propose that antidiuretic hormone acts together with a myocardial ischemic process to promote IPE. Thus, monitoring of antidiuretic hormone and cardiac biomarkers can help to make a quick and reliable diagnosis of IPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Louge
- Department of Hyperbaric Medicine, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Toulon
| | - Mathieu Coulange
- Department of Hyperbaric Medicine, Sainte-Marguerite Hospital, Marseille
- UMR MD2, Aix-Marseille University and Institute of Biological Research of the Army
| | - Frederic Beneton
- Department of Hyperbaric Medicine, Sainte-Marguerite Hospital, Marseille
| | - Emmanuel Gempp
- Department of Hyperbaric Medicine, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Toulon
| | - Olivier Le Pennetier
- UMR MD2, Aix-Marseille University and Institute of Biological Research of the Army
| | - Maxime Algoud
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Timone University Hospital, Marseille
| | - Lorene Dubourg
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Timone University Hospital, Marseille
| | - Pierre Naibo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Timone University Hospital, Marseille
| | - Marion Marlinge
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Timone University Hospital, Marseille
| | - Pierre Michelet
- UMR MD2, Aix-Marseille University and Institute of Biological Research of the Army
| | - Donato Vairo
- UMR MD2, Aix-Marseille University and Institute of Biological Research of the Army
| | - Nathalie Kipson
- UMR MD2, Aix-Marseille University and Institute of Biological Research of the Army
| | - François Kerbaul
- UMR MD2, Aix-Marseille University and Institute of Biological Research of the Army
| | - Yves Jammes
- UMR MD2, Aix-Marseille University and Institute of Biological Research of the Army
| | - Ian M. Jones
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jean Ruf
- UMR MD2, Aix-Marseille University and Institute of Biological Research of the Army
| | - Régis Guieu
- UMR MD2, Aix-Marseille University and Institute of Biological Research of the Army
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Timone University Hospital, Marseille
- Correspondence: Régis Guieu, Faculty of Medicine, Bd Dramard, (e-mail: )
| | - Alain Boussuges
- UMR MD2, Aix-Marseille University and Institute of Biological Research of the Army
| | - Emmanuel Fenouillet
- UMR MD2, Aix-Marseille University and Institute of Biological Research of the Army
- Institut des Sciences Biologiques, CNRS, France
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Feijóo-Bandín S, Rodríguez-Penas D, García-Rúa V, Mosquera-Leal A, González-Juanatey JR, Lago F. Nesfatin-1: a new energy-regulating peptide with pleiotropic functions. Implications at cardiovascular level. Endocrine 2016; 52:11-29. [PMID: 26662184 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-015-0819-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nesfatin-1 is a new energy-regulating peptide widely expressed at both central and peripheral tissues with pleiotropic effects. In the last years, the study of nesfatin-1 actions and its possible implication in the development of different diseases has created a great interest among the scientific community. In this review, we will summarize nesfatin-1 main functions, focusing on its cardiovascular implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Feijóo-Bandín
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Research Unit of the Institute of Biomedical Research (IDIS) of Santiago de Compstela, and Department of Cardiology of the University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Santiago De Compostela, Spain.
| | - Diego Rodríguez-Penas
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Research Unit of the Institute of Biomedical Research (IDIS) of Santiago de Compstela, and Department of Cardiology of the University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Santiago De Compostela, Spain
| | - Vanessa García-Rúa
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Research Unit of the Institute of Biomedical Research (IDIS) of Santiago de Compstela, and Department of Cardiology of the University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Santiago De Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana Mosquera-Leal
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Research Unit of the Institute of Biomedical Research (IDIS) of Santiago de Compstela, and Department of Cardiology of the University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Santiago De Compostela, Spain
| | - José Ramón González-Juanatey
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Research Unit of the Institute of Biomedical Research (IDIS) of Santiago de Compstela, and Department of Cardiology of the University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Santiago De Compostela, Spain
| | - Francisca Lago
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Research Unit of the Institute of Biomedical Research (IDIS) of Santiago de Compstela, and Department of Cardiology of the University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Santiago De Compostela, Spain
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Stuebe A. Associations Among Lactation, Maternal Carbohydrate Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Health. Clin Obstet Gynecol 2015; 58:827-39. [PMID: 26457850 PMCID: PMC4968698 DOI: 10.1097/grf.0000000000000155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In mammalian reproductive physiology, lactation follows pregnancy; growing evidence suggests that disruption of this physiology affects a woman's lifetime risk of metabolic disease. These differences may reflect lactation-induced mobilization of fat stores and modulation of maternal stress reactivity. In addition, confounders may play a role: women who breastfeed for long durations are more likely to engage in other healthy behaviors, and obesity and insulin resistance may interfere with breastfeeding physiology. These findings underscore the importance of evidenced-based care to enable women to achieve their infant feeding goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Stuebe
- *Maternal-Fetal Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine †Maternal and Child Health, Carolina Global Breastfeeding Institute, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Karabowicz P, Schlicker E, Pędzińska-Betiuk A, Kloza M, Malinowska B. The adrenal medulla, not CB1 receptors, mediates the inhibitory effect of acute transverse aortic constriction on the neurogenic vasopressor response. Life Sci 2015; 138:86-93. [PMID: 25498898 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Karabowicz
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicz str. 2A, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Eberhard Schlicker
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Anna Pędzińska-Betiuk
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicz str. 2A, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Monika Kloza
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicz str. 2A, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Barbara Malinowska
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicz str. 2A, 15-222 Białystok, Poland.
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