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Sallie FN, Pienaar L, Lubbe A, Xhakaza S, Manne SR, de la Torre BG, Albericio F, Mu Daniels W, Me Millen A, Baijnath S. Neurobehavioral and molecular changes in a rodent model of ACTH-induced HPA axis dysfunction. Brain Res 2024; 1834:148913. [PMID: 38580046 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysregulation is linked to the pathophysiology of depression. Although exogenous adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is associated with a depressive-like phenotype in rodents, comprehensive neurobehavioral and mechanistic evidence to support these findings are limited. Sprague-Dawley rats (male, n = 30; female, n = 10) were randomly assigned to the control (male, n = 10) or ACTH (male, n = 20; female n = 10) groups that received saline (0.1 ml, sc.) or ACTH (100 μg/day, sc.), respectively, for two weeks. Thereafter, rats in the ACTH group were subdivided to receive ACTH plus saline (ACTH_S; male, n = 10; female, n = 5; 0.2 ml, ip.) or ACTH plus imipramine (ACTH_I; male, n = 10; female, n = 5;10 mg/kg, ip.) for a further four weeks. Neurobehavioral changes were assessed using the forced swim test (FST), the sucrose preference test (SPT), and the open field test (OFT). Following termination, the brain regional mRNA expression of BDNF and CREB was determined using RT-PCR. After two-weeks, ACTH administration significantly increased immobility in the FST (p = 0.03), decreased interaction with the center of the OFT (p < 0.01), and increased sucrose consumption (p = 0.03) in male, but not female rats. ACTH administration significantly increased the expression of BDNF in the hippocampus and CREB in all brain regions in males (p < 0.05), but not in female rats. Imipramine treatment did not ameliorate these ACTH-induced neurobehavioral or molecular changes. In conclusion, ACTH administration resulted in a sex-specific onset of depressive-like symptoms and changes in brain regional expression of neurotrophic factors. These results suggest sex-specific mechanisms underlying the development of depressive-like behavior in a model of ACTH-induced HPA axis dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhanah N Sallie
- Wits Integrated Molecular Physiology Research Initiative, Wits Health Consortium (PTY) Ltd, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of The Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of The Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Leandrie Pienaar
- Wits Integrated Molecular Physiology Research Initiative, Wits Health Consortium (PTY) Ltd, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of The Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of The Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Andrea Lubbe
- Wits Integrated Molecular Physiology Research Initiative, Wits Health Consortium (PTY) Ltd, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of The Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of The Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sanelisiwe Xhakaza
- Wits Integrated Molecular Physiology Research Initiative, Wits Health Consortium (PTY) Ltd, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of The Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of The Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Srinivasa R Manne
- Peptide Science Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Beatriz G de la Torre
- Peptide Science Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Fernando Albericio
- Peptide Science Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - William Mu Daniels
- School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of The Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Aletta Me Millen
- Wits Integrated Molecular Physiology Research Initiative, Wits Health Consortium (PTY) Ltd, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of The Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of The Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Sooraj Baijnath
- Wits Integrated Molecular Physiology Research Initiative, Wits Health Consortium (PTY) Ltd, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of The Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of The Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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Millen AME, Daniels WMU, Baijnath S. Depression, an unmet health need in Africa: Understanding the promise of ketamine. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28610. [PMID: 38601594 PMCID: PMC11004535 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In Africa, there is currently a paucity of data on the epidemiology of depression, its treatment and management. The prevalence of depression is severely underestimated, with unique circumstances and societal risk factors associated with depression and its public awareness. Treating and managing depression is confounded by an inaccessibility to efficient and low-cost treatments for patients with depression. The aetiology of depression is multifactorial, with various theories implicating multiple neuronal networks. Despite this, the treatment of depression is one-dimensional focussing on outdated theories of depression and mainly targeting dysfunctional neurotransmitter pathways. Hence, it is not surprising that there is a significant increase in the prevalence of patients suffering from treatment resistant depression (TRD), with a large portion of patients deriving little clinical benefit from these traditional anti-depressant therapies. This highlights the need for more effective treatment strategies for depression, especially applicable to resource limited environments such as Africa, where there is little investment in public healthcare resources towards managing mental health disorders. The clinical potential of using ketamine in managing depression has received considerable attention in the past two decades, with the FDA approving esketamine for the management of TRD in 2019. This widespread attention has significantly increased ketamine's appeal as a novel antidepressant. Consequently, many ketamine infusion clinics have been established in Africa. However, there is little regulation or guidance for ketamine infusions. Furthermore, while esketamine is expensive and hence inaccessible to a large portion of the African population, racemic ketamine is significantly cheaper and has demonstrated clinical potential. However, there is currently a limited understanding of the neurological mechanisms of action of racemic ketamine in treating and managing depression, especially in a diverse African population. Therefore, this review aims to provide an African context of depression and the therapeutic potential of ketamine by highlighting aspects of its molecular mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aletta ME. Millen
- Integrated Molecular Physiology Research Initiative, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - William MU. Daniels
- School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sooraj Baijnath
- Integrated Molecular Physiology Research Initiative, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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3
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Mrozek W, Socha J, Sidorowicz K, Skrok A, Syrytczyk A, Piątkowska-Chmiel I, Herbet M. Pathogenesis and treatment of depression: Role of diet in prevention and therapy. Nutrition 2023; 115:112143. [PMID: 37562078 PMCID: PMC10299949 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.112143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a significant increase in depression, which is related to, among other things, the COVID-19 pandemic. Depression can be fatal if not treated or if treated inappropriately. Depression is the leading cause of suicide attempts. The disease is multifactorial, and pharmacotherapy often fails to bring satisfactory results. Therefore, increasingly more importance is attached to the natural healing substances and nutrients in food, which can significantly affect the therapy process and prevention of depressive disorders. A proper diet is vital to preventing depression and can be a valuable addition to psychological and pharmacologic treatment. An inadequate diet may reduce the effectiveness of antidepressants or increase their side effects, leading to life-threatening symptoms. This study aimed to review the literature on the pathogenesis of the development and treatment of depression, with particular emphasis on dietary supplements and the role of nutrition in the prevention and treatment of depressive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Mrozek
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Justyna Socha
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Klara Sidorowicz
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Skrok
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Syrytczyk
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Mariola Herbet
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
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Baj J, Bargieł J, Cabaj J, Skierkowski B, Hunek G, Portincasa P, Flieger J, Smoleń A. Trace Elements Levels in Major Depressive Disorder-Evaluation of Potential Threats and Possible Therapeutic Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15071. [PMID: 37894749 PMCID: PMC10606638 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The multifactorial etiology of major depressive disorder (MDD) includes biological, environmental, genetic, and psychological aspects. Recently, there has been an increasing interest in metallomic studies in psychiatry, aiming to evaluate the role of chosen trace elements in the MDD etiology as well as the progression of symptoms. This narrative review aims to summarize the available literature on the relationship between the concentration of chosen elements in the serum of patients with MDD and the onset and progression of this psychiatric condition. The authors reviewed PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases searching for elements that had been investigated so far and further evaluated them in this paper. Ultimately, 15 elements were evaluated, namely, zinc, magnesium, selenium, iron, copper, aluminium, cadmium, lead, mercury, arsenic, calcium, manganese, chromium, nickel, and phosphorus. The association between metallomic studies and psychiatry has been developing dynamically recently. According to the results of current research, metallomics might act as a potential screening tool for patients with MDD while at the same time providing an assessment of the severity of symptoms. Either deficiencies or excessive amounts of chosen elements might be associated with the progression of depressive symptoms or even the onset of the disease among people predisposed to MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Baj
- Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Julia Bargieł
- Student Research Group of Department of Epidemiology and Clinical Research Methodology, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska 11, 20-080 Lublin, Poland; (J.B.); (J.C.); (B.S.)
| | - Justyna Cabaj
- Student Research Group of Department of Epidemiology and Clinical Research Methodology, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska 11, 20-080 Lublin, Poland; (J.B.); (J.C.); (B.S.)
| | - Bartosz Skierkowski
- Student Research Group of Department of Epidemiology and Clinical Research Methodology, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska 11, 20-080 Lublin, Poland; (J.B.); (J.C.); (B.S.)
| | - Gabriela Hunek
- Student Research Group of Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Jolanta Flieger
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4A, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Agata Smoleń
- Department of Epidemiology and Clinical Research Methodology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-080 Lublin, Poland;
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Huang D, Lai S, Zhong S, Jia Y. Association between serum copper, zinc, and selenium concentrations and depressive symptoms in the US adult population, NHANES (2011-2016). BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:498. [PMID: 37434135 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04953-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggests that alterations in serum trace element concentrations are closely associated with mental illness. However, studies on the relationship between serum copper, zinc, and selenium concentrations and depressive symptoms are limited and with controversial results. We aimed to investigate the association between serum concentrations of these trace elements and depressive symptoms in US adults. METHODS Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (2011-2016) were used in this cross-sectional study. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 Items (PHQ-9) was employed to assess depressive symptoms. Multiple logistic regression was performed to determine the relationship between the serum concentrations of copper, zinc, and selenium and depressive symptoms. RESULTS A total of 4552 adults were included. Subjects with depressive symptoms had higher serum copper concentrations (123.88 ± 1.87) than those without depressive symptoms (116.99 ± 0.86) (p < 0.001). In Model 2, weighted logistic regression analysis showed that the second (Q2) quartile of zinc concentrations (odds ratio [OR] = 1.534, 95% confident interval [CI]: 1.018 to 2.313) were significantly associated with an increased risk of depressive symptoms. Subgroup analysis revealed that the third (Q3) and fourth (Q4) quartiles of copper concentrations (Q3: OR = 2.699, 95% CI: 1.285 to 5.667; Q4: OR = 2.490, 95% CI: 1.026 to 6.046) were also positively associated with depressive symptoms in obese individuals after controlling for all confounders. However, no significant relationship between serum selenium concentrations and depressive symptoms was observed. CONCLUSIONS Obese US adults with high serum copper concentrations, as well as US adults in general with low serum zinc concentrations, were susceptible to depressive symptoms. Nevertheless, the causal mechanisms underlying these relationships need to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Shunkai Lai
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Shuming Zhong
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Yanbin Jia
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
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Wang B, Fang T, Chen H. Zinc and Central Nervous System Disorders. Nutrients 2023; 15:2140. [PMID: 37432243 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc (Zn2+) is the second most abundant necessary trace element in the human body, exerting a critical role in many physiological processes such as cellular proliferation, transcription, apoptosis, growth, immunity, and wound healing. It is an essential catalyst ion for many enzymes and transcription factors. The maintenance of Zn2+ homeostasis is essential for the central nervous system, in which Zn2+ is abundantly distributed and accumulates in presynaptic vesicles. Synaptic Zn2+ is necessary for neural transmission, playing a pivotal role in neurogenesis, cognition, memory, and learning. Emerging data suggest that disruption of Zn2+ homeostasis is associated with several central nervous system disorders including Alzheimer's disease, depression, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, schizophrenia, epilepsy, and traumatic brain injury. Here, we reviewed the correlation between Zn2+ and these central nervous system disorders. The potential mechanisms were also included. We hope that this review can provide new clues for the prevention and treatment of nervous system disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangqi Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
- Queen Mary School, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Tianshu Fang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
- Queen Mary School, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Hongping Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
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Chrzastek Z, Guligowska A, Sobczuk P, Kostka T. Dietary factors, risk of developing depression, and severity of its symptoms in older adults-A narrative review of current knowledge. Nutrition 2023; 106:111892. [PMID: 36436336 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2022.111892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Depression is one of the most common diseases in the older population. Difficulties in recognizing its etiology and recurrence make depression a major challenge for health care professionals. The risk of developing depression is influenced by many factors, including lifestyle and diet. Research studies have shown a relationship between the consumption of specific macro- and microelements and depression. However, so far, no nutritional recommendations on how to reduce the risk of the disease and its relapses in older adults have been developed. This review outlines research results of conducted studies and focuses on both basic and potentially promising elements of diet, such as proteins, carbohydrates, fats, dietary fiber, vitamins (D, E, C, and B), and microelements such as magnesium, zinc, selenium, or iron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzanna Chrzastek
- Department of Geriatrics, Healthy Ageing Research Centre, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Guligowska
- Department of Geriatrics, Healthy Ageing Research Centre, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Sobczuk
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Disaster Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kostka
- Department of Geriatrics, Healthy Ageing Research Centre, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Abstract
Anorexia nervosa is a disorder associated with serious adverse health outcomes, for which there is currently considerable treatment ineffectiveness. Characterised by restrictive eating behaviours, distorted body image perceptions and excessive physical activity, there is growing recognition anorexia nervosa is associated with underlying dysfunction in excitatory and inhibitory neurometabolite metabolism and signalling. This narrative review critically explores the role of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-mediated excitatory and inhibitory neurometabolite dysfunction in anorexia nervosa and its associated biomarkers. The existing magnetic resonance spectroscopy literature in anorexia nervosa is reviewed and we outline the brain region-specific neurometabolite changes that have been reported and their connection to anorexia nervosa psychopathology. Considering the proposed role of dysfunctional neurotransmission in anorexia nervosa, the potential utility of zinc supplementation and sub-anaesthetic doses of ketamine in normalising this is discussed with reference to previous research in anorexia nervosa and other neuropsychiatric conditions. The rationale for future research to investigate the combined use of low-dose ketamine and zinc supplementation to potentially extend the therapeutic benefits in anorexia nervosa is subsequently explored and promising biological markers for assessing and potentially predicting treatment response are outlined.
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Al-Hakeim HK, Al-Musawi AF, Al-Mulla A, Al-Dujaili AH, Debnath M, Maes M. The interleukin-6/interleukin-23/T helper 17-axis as a driver of neuro-immune toxicity in the major neurocognitive psychosis or deficit schizophrenia: A precision nomothetic psychiatry analysis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275839. [PMID: 36256663 PMCID: PMC9578624 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia and especially deficit schizophrenia (DSCZ) are characterized by increased activity of neuroimmunotoxic pathways and a generalized cognitive decline (G-CoDe). There is no data on whether the interleukin (IL)-6/IL-23/T helper 17 (IL-6/IL-23/Th17)-axis is more associated with DSCZ than with non-deficit schizophrenia (NDSCZ) and whether changes in this axis are associated with the G-CoDe and the phenome (a factor extracted from all symptom domains) of schizophrenia. METHODS This study included 45 DSCZ and 45 NDSCZ patients and 40 controls and delineated whether the IL-6/IL-23/Th17 axis, trace elements (copper, zinc) and ions (magnesium, calcium) are associated with DSCZ, the G-CoDe and the schizophrenia phenome. RESULTS Increased plasma IL-23 and IL-6 levels were associated with Th17 upregulation, assessed as a latent vector (LV) extracted from IL-17, IL-21, IL-22, and TNF-α. The IL-6/IL-23/Th17-axis score, as assessed by an LV extracted from IL-23, IL-6, and the Th17 LV, was significantly higher in DSCZ than in NDSCZ and controls. We discovered that 70.7% of the variance in the phenome was explained by the IL-6/IL-23/Th17-axis (positively) and the G-CoDe and IL-10 (both inversely); and that 54.6% of the variance in the G-CoDe was explained by the IL-6/IL-23/Th17 scores (inversely) and magnesium, copper, calcium, and zinc (all positively). CONCLUSION The pathogenic IL-6/IL-23/Th17-axis contributes to the generalized neurocognitive deficit and the phenome of schizophrenia, especially that of DSCZ, due to its key role in peripheral inflammation and neuroinflammation and its consequent immunotoxic effects on neuronal circuits. These clinical impairments are more prominent in subjects with lowered IL-10, magnesium, calcium, and zinc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Fattah Al-Musawi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Laboratory Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Al-Kafeel, Kufa, Iraq
| | - Abbas Al-Mulla
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
| | | | - Monojit Debnath
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Michael Maes
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
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Mehvari-Habibabadi J, Zare M, Aghaye-Ghazvini MR, Rahnama M. The effect of levetiracetam on depression and anti-oxidant activity in patients with epilepsy. CURRENT JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY 2022; 21:224-229. [PMID: 38011345 PMCID: PMC10189196 DOI: 10.18502/cjn.v21i4.11719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Background: Levetiracetam (LEV) is approved for treating epilepsy. The current evidence shows that LEV can cause behavioral problems such as depression. It is well-known that depression is associated with oxidative stress. Therefore, we conducted this study to assess the influence of LEV on depression severity and anti-oxidant status. Methods: In this prospective longitudinal study, 50 patients with diagnosis of epilepsy on LEV were included. We used Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) to assess depression severity. The serum levels of zinc and glutathione were measured as anti-oxidant markers. These variables were evaluated at the baseline and 3 months after the commencement of LEV. Results: A total of 30 patients finished the follow-up. Among them, 21 patients were women. The mean age at baseline was 28.76 ± 11.37 (range: 16-68 years). The severity of depression at the last follow-up was significantly higher than the baseline. We observed a decrease in the serum levels of zinc and glutathione, though they were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Our results suggest that LEV can increase the risk of depression in patients with epilepsy. This study also suggests that zinc depletion can be induced through act of LEV. Further studies are needed to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jafar Mehvari-Habibabadi
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Zare
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Rahnama
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Rospond B, Krakowska A, Krośniak M, Muszyńska B, Opoka W. The influence of high-fat and high-sucrose feeding regimes on organ weight, body weight, and serum concentration of bioelements in rats. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2022; 73:127020. [PMID: 35780652 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.127020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is one of the most common diseases of civilization, and approximately 13 % of the world's adult population is obese. Obesity is defined as excessive accumulation of fat in the human body, which leads to adverse health effects such as metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and fatty liver disease (e.g., nonalcoholic liver disease). The development of obesity is accompanied by changes in the levels of certain bioelements such as copper and zinc. These elements may have an influence on the proper functioning of the central nervous system. METHOD Fifty-six male Wistar rats (initial weight 290-300 g) were divided into seven experimental groups. They were fed with different feeding patterns (constant versus intermittent-binge access) and exposed to different diets (high sucrose versus high fat) to analyze the factors that affect the organ weight gain (pancreas, spleen, liver, testes, and kidneys) and total body weight gain. Further, zinc and copper levels in the serum of the animals were determined. The relationship between organ and body weight and serum metal concentration was analyzed by cluster and principal component analyses. RESULTS Rats with unlimited access to high fat diet (HF) and restricted intake of high sugar diet (for 2-hours daily-HSB and every second day-IHSB) have elevated body weight in comparison to the control. However, the heaviest organ weights were recorded in the HSB rats compared to the control group (pancreas, 14 %; spleen, 9 %; kidneys, 5 %; and liver, 3 %). On the other hand, an average 20 % decrease in zinc concentration was observed in rats fed with high-fat diet compared to the control. Moreover, an 18 % decrease in copper levels was observed in rats that had periodic access to high-fat diet every 2 h daily and for 2 h every other day compared to the control. CONCLUSION Both the high-sucrose and high-fat diets had an influence on body and organ weights. This study demonstrates an association between the different types of diet and the parameters investigated (body and organ weights and concentration of serum bioelements).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartłomiej Rospond
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Agata Krakowska
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Mirosław Krośniak
- Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Bożena Muszyńska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Włodzimierz Opoka
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
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12
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The Problem of Malnutrition Associated with Major Depressive Disorder from a Sex-Gender Perspective. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14051107. [PMID: 35268082 PMCID: PMC8912662 DOI: 10.3390/nu14051107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is an incapacitating condition characterized by loss of interest, anhedonia and low mood, which affects almost 4% of people worldwide. With rising prevalence, it is considered a public health issue that affects economic productivity and heavily increases health costs alone or as a comorbidity for other pandemic non-communicable diseases (such as obesity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, inflammatory bowel diseases, etc.). What is even more noteworthy is the double number of women suffering from MDD compared to men. In fact, this sex-related ratio has been contemplated since men and women have different sexual hormone oscillations, where women meet significant changes depending on the age range and moment of life (menstruation, premenstruation, pregnancy, postpartum, menopause…), which seem to be associated with susceptibility to depressive symptoms. For instance, a decreased estrogen level promotes decreased activation of serotonin transporters. Nevertheless, sexual hormones are not the only triggers that alter neurotransmission of monoamines and other neuropeptides. Actually, different dietary habits and/or nutritional requirements for specific moments of life severely affect MDD pathophysiology in women. In this context, the present review aims to descriptively collect information regarding the role of malnutrition in MDD onset and course, focusing on female patient and especially macro- and micronutrient deficiencies (amino acids, ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3 PUFAs), folate, vitamin B12, vitamin D, minerals…), besides providing evidence for future nutritional intervention programs with a sex-gender perspective that hopefully improves mental health and quality of life in women.
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Shayganfard M. Are Essential Trace Elements Effective in Modulation of Mental Disorders? Update and Perspectives. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:1032-1059. [PMID: 33904124 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02733-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of mental disorders is associated with several risk factors including genetic and environmental susceptibility. A group of nutrients serves an especially important role in a number of essential neurodevelopmental processes through brain areas promoting the high degree of brain metabolism during early life, although almost all nutrients are needed. These include macronutrients and micronutrients (e.g., iron, magnesium, zinc, copper, selenium). Numerous nutritional psychiatry trials have been performed to examine the correlation of many individual nutrients with mental health, such as essential trace elements. The increased accumulation or lack of such components will facilitate an alternative metabolic pathway that can lead to many diseases and conditions of neurodevelopment. Mental functions have biochemical bases, so the impairment of such neurochemical mechanisms due to lack of trace elements can have mental effects. In psychological conditions such as depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, and autism, scientific studies demonstrate the putative role of trace element deficiency. Therefore, given the critical roles played by essential trace elements in the neurodevelopment and mental health, the effect of these elements' intake on the modulation of psychological functioning is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Shayganfard
- Department of Psychiatry, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
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Emojevwe V, Nwangwa EK, Naiho AO, Oyovwi MO, Ben-Azu B. Toxicological outcome of phthalate exposure on male fertility: Ameliorative impacts of the co-administration of N-acetylcysteine and zinc sulfate in rats. MIDDLE EAST FERTILITY SOCIETY JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43043-022-00096-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Reports have shown that humans are consistently exposed to environmental toxicants such as phthalate (PHT) during their daily activities. This results in reproductive dysfunction and infertility-related issues as already noted in human and experimental animals. We therefore designed this study to investigate fertility outcome in phthalate-exposed male rats treated with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) with the view of providing a therapeutic alternative to reproductive toxicity caused by phthalate. The research was done in two phases. In phase 1, thirty-five male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to one of five (n = 7) groups given the following treatments for 21 days: group A was given distilled water as a control, while groups B, C, D, and E were given phthalate (750 mg/kg/day). Animals in groups C to E were also given ZnSO4 (0.5 mg/kg/day), N-acetylcysteine (100 mg/kg/day), and ZnSO4 (0.5 mg/kg/day) + N-acetylcysteine (100 mg/kg/day) in addition to phthalate. In phase 2, animals from groups in phase 1 were mated with females for fecundity testing.
Results
The result shows alteration in testicular and epididymis weight and testis/epididymis ratio, semen parameters, sperm capacitation and acrosome reaction, sperm DNA, serum Zn and Mg, testicular mitochondria apoptosis mechanisms (TNF-α and BCL-2), and testicular Ca2+-ATPase as well as fecundity outcome in the phthalate-treated group. However, ZnSO4 and NAC successfully ameliorated the deleterious effects of phthalate on semen parameters, sperm capacitation and acrosome reaction, serum electrolyte and mitochondria apoptosis mechanisms, and testicular electrogenic Ca2+-ATPase in phthalate-induced male rats with a better outcome in the combined therapy. Pregnancy outcome and litter sizes were also higher in the combined therapy when also compared with the phthalate-treated groups.
Conclusion
According to the result, ZnSO4 and NAC increased fertility outcome in phthalate-treated male rats through enhancement of testicular BCL-2, serum electrolyte, testicular Ca2+ATPase pumps, and cytoprotection.
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Jonsson BH, Orhan F, Bruno S, Oliveira AO, Sparding T, Landen M, Sellgren CM. Serum concentration of zinc is elevated in clinically stable bipolar disorder patients. Brain Behav 2022; 12:e2472. [PMID: 34967503 PMCID: PMC8785612 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic psychiatric disorder characterized by recurrent mood episodes interspersed with euthymic periods. A growing number of studies have indicated that zinc plays an important role in coordinating immune responses, as well as being involved in synaptic transmission. In the current study, we set out to measure serum levels of zinc in a meticulously phenotyped cohort of 121 euthymic BD subjects and 30 matched controls. METHODS Serum levels of zinc were measured by photometry. To assess the interplay between zinc levels and immune activation in BD, we measured serum levels of high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels by immunoturbidimetric assay, and serum levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), chitinase 3-like protein 1 (YKL-40), and soluble cluster of differentiation 14 (sCD14) by electrochemiluminescence enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The baseline clinical diagnostic instrument for BD was the Affective Disorder Evaluation, and executive functioning was assessed by using the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System. RESULTS Controlling for potential confounding factors, BD patients displayed increased serum levels of zinc unrelated to hsCRP, MCP-1, YKL-40, and sCD14 levels. Serum levels of zinc did not associate with executive functioning or measurements of disease severity. DISCUSSION This study suggests that the zinc homeostasis is disturbed in BD and that this dyshomeostasis is not related to ongoing mood symptoms or immune activation. Of note, serum levels were increased and hence do not support continuous zinc supplementation in BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo H Jonsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Stockholm & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Funda Orhan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sanna Bruno
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ana Osório Oliveira
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Timea Sparding
- Section of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mikael Landen
- Section of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carl M Sellgren
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Stockholm & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Berríos-Cartagena N, Rubio-Dávila MM, Rivera-Delgado I, Feliciano-Bonilla MM, De Cardona-Juliá EA, Ortiz JG. Effects of Zinc, Mercury, or Lead on [ 3H]MK-801 and [ 3H]Fluorowillardiine Binding to Rat Synaptic Membranes. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:3159-3165. [PMID: 34370167 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03407-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Glutamate (Glu) is considered the most important excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter in the mammalian Central Nervous System. Zinc (Zn) is co-released with Glu during synaptic transmission and interacts with Glutamate receptors and transporters. We performed binding experiments using [3H]MK-801 (NMDA), and [3H]Fluorowillardine (AMPA) as ligands to study Zn-Glutamate interactions in rat cortical synaptic membranes. We also examined the effects of mercury and lead on NMDA or AMPA receptors. Zinc at 1 nM, significantly potentiates [3H]MK-801 binding. Lead inhibits [3H]MK-801 binding at micromolar concentrations. At millimolar concentrations, Hg also has a significant inhibitory effect. These effects are not reversed by Zn (1 nM). Zinc displaces the [3H]FW binding curve to the right. Lead (nM) and Hg (μM) inhibit [3H]FW binding. At certain concentrations, Zn reverses the effects of these metals on [3H]FW binding. These specific interactions serve to clarify the role of Zn, Hg, and Pb in physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Berríos-Cartagena
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, P.O. Box 365067, San Juan, 00936-5067, Puerto Rico
| | - M M Rubio-Dávila
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, P.O. Box 365067, San Juan, 00936-5067, Puerto Rico
| | - I Rivera-Delgado
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, P.O. Box 365067, San Juan, 00936-5067, Puerto Rico
| | - M M Feliciano-Bonilla
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, P.O. Box 365067, San Juan, 00936-5067, Puerto Rico
| | - E A De Cardona-Juliá
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, P.O. Box 365067, San Juan, 00936-5067, Puerto Rico
| | - J G Ortiz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, P.O. Box 365067, San Juan, 00936-5067, Puerto Rico.
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Jafari F, Mohammadi H, Amani R. The effect of zinc supplementation on brain derived neurotrophic factor: A meta-analysis. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2021; 66:126753. [PMID: 33831797 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2021.126753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zinc in one of the most abundant trace minerals in human body which is involved in numerous biological pathways and has variety of roles in the nervous system. It has been assumed that zinc exerts its role in nervous system through increasing brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) concentrations. OBJECTIVES Present meta-analysis was aimed to review the effect of zinc supplementation on serum concentrations of BDNF. METHODS AND MATERIALS Four electronic databases (Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase) were searched for identifying studies that examined BDNF levels prior and after zinc supplementation up to May 2020. According to the Cochrane guideline, a meta-analysis was performed to pool the effect size estimate (Hedges' test) of serum BDNF across studies. Risk of publication bias was assessed using a funnel plot and Egger's test. RESULTS Five studies were eligible and 238 participants were included. These studies enrolled subjects with premenstrual syndrome, diabetic retinopathy, major depression disorder, overweight/obese and obese with mild to moderate depressive disorders. Zinc supplementation failed to increase blood BDNF concentrations with effect size of 0.30 (95 % CI: -0.08, 0.67, P = 0.119). Funnel plot did not suggest publication bias. CONCLUSION Zinc supplementation may not significantly increase BDNF levels. However, the small number of included articles and significant heterogeneity between them can increase the risk of a false negative result; therefore, the results should be interpreted with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Jafari
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Hamed Mohammadi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Reza Amani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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The consumption of wholegrain is related to depressive symptoms among Chinese adults: a cross-sectional study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2021; 76:126-133. [PMID: 33931771 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-021-00917-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wholegrains contribute a range of beneficial nutrients, such as dietary fiber and several minerals and vitamins, that are beneficial to depressive symptoms. However, there are a few studies aimed at exploring whether a wholegrain diet is related to depressive symptoms. We conducted this study to investigate the relationship between wholegrains consumption and depressive symptoms. METHODS This cross-sectional study included a total of 24,776 (mean age: 39.9 years, age range: 18.1-91.3 years; males, 54.1%) inhabitants living in Tianjin, China. Wholegrains consumption was assessed using a valid self-administered food frequency questionnaire. Depressive symptoms were evaluated using the Chinese version of Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) and the cutoff point was set at 45. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the relationship between wholegrains consumption and depressive symptoms. RESULTS The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 19.1% and 22.4% in males and females, respectively. After adjustments for potential confounding factors, the odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of depressive symptoms across wholegrains consumption were 0.77 (0.65-0.91) for <1 time/week, 0.73 (0.62-0.86) for 1 time/week and 0.68 (0.59-0.79) for ≥2 time/week in males compared with the control group (almost never). In females, the odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) were 0.86 (0.71-1.04) for <1 time/week, 0.94 (0.78-1.13) for 1 time/week, and 0.76 (0.65-0.91) for ≥2 time/week. Similar results were observed when we use other cut-offs (SDS ≥ 40 and 50) to define depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION This study first demonstrated that the higher consumption of wholegrains might have effects on the prevention and improvement of depressive symptoms. Prospective or intervention studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Mlyniec K, Siodłak D, Doboszewska U, Nowak G. GPCR oligomerization as a target for antidepressants: Focus on GPR39. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 225:107842. [PMID: 33746052 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
At present most of the evidence for the relevance of oligomerization for the pharmacology of depression comes from in vitro studies which identified oligomers, and from neuropsychopharmacological studies of receptors which participate in oligomerization. For example, behavioural and biochemical studies in knockout animals suggest that GPR39 may mediate the antidepressant action of monoaminergic antidepressants. We have recently found long-lasting antidepressant-like effects of GPR39 agonist, thus suggesting GPR39 as a target for the development of novel antidepressant drugs. In vitro studies have shown that GPR39 oligomerizes with other GPCRs. Oligomerization of GPR39 should thus be considered in relation to the development of new antidepressants targeting this receptor as well as antidepressants targeting other receptors that may form complexes with GPR39. Here, we summarize recent data suggestive of the importance of oligomerization for the pharmacology of depression and discuss approaches for validation of this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Mlyniec
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Dominika Siodłak
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Urszula Doboszewska
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Gabriel Nowak
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Krakow, Poland; Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12, PL 31-343 Kraków, Poland
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Hoepner CT, McIntyre RS, Papakostas GI. Impact of Supplementation and Nutritional Interventions on Pathogenic Processes of Mood Disorders: A Review of the Evidence. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030767. [PMID: 33652997 PMCID: PMC7996954 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This narrative review was conducted using searches of the PubMed/Medline and Google Scholar databases from inception to November 2019. Clinical trials and relevant articles were identified by cross-referencing major depressive disorder (and/or variants) with the following terms: folate, homocysteine, S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe), L-acetylcarnitine, alpha-lipoic acid, N-acetylcysteine, L-tryptophan, zinc, magnesium, vitamin D, omega-3 fatty acids, coenzyme Q10, and inositol. Manual reviews of references were also performed using article reference lists. Abnormal levels of folate, homocysteine, and SAMe have been shown to be associated with a higher risk of depression. Numerous studies have demonstrated antidepressant activity with L-methylfolate and SAMe supplementation in individuals with depression. Additionally, the amino acids L-acetylcarnitine, alpha-lipoic acid, N-acetylcysteine, and L-tryptophan have been implicated in the development of depression and shown to exert antidepressant effects. Other agents with evidence for improving depressive symptoms include zinc, magnesium, omega-3 fatty acids, and coenzyme Q10. Potential biases and differences in study designs within and amongst the studies and reviews selected may confound results. Augmentation of antidepressant medications with various supplements targeting nutritional and physiological factors can potentiate antidepressant effects. Medical foods, particularly L-methylfolate, and other supplements may play a role in managing depression in patients with inadequate response to antidepressant therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara T. Hoepner
- Bay Area Psychiatric, A Nursing Corporation, San Francisco, CA 94111, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Roger S. McIntyre
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada;
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Szopa A, Bogatko K, Herbet M, Serefko A, Ostrowska M, Wośko S, Świąder K, Szewczyk B, Wlaź A, Skałecki P, Wróbel A, Mandziuk S, Pochodyła A, Kudela A, Dudka J, Radziwoń-Zaleska M, Wlaź P, Poleszak E. The Interaction of Selective A1 and A2A Adenosine Receptor Antagonists with Magnesium and Zinc Ions in Mice: Behavioural, Biochemical and Molecular Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041840. [PMID: 33673282 PMCID: PMC7918707 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to investigate whether the co-administration of Mg2+ and Zn2+ with selective A1 and A2A receptor antagonists might be an interesting antidepressant strategy. Forced swim, tail suspension, and spontaneous locomotor motility tests in mice were performed. Further, biochemical and molecular studies were conducted. The obtained results indicate the interaction of DPCPX and istradefylline with Mg2+ and Zn2+ manifested in an antidepressant-like effect. The reduction of the BDNF serum level after co-administration of DPCPX and istradefylline with Mg2+ and Zn2+ was noted. Additionally, Mg2+ or Zn2+, both alone and in combination with DPCPX or istradefylline, causes changes in Adora1 expression, DPCPX or istradefylline co-administered with Zn2+ increases Slc6a15 expression as compared to a single-drug treatment, co-administration of tested agents does not have a more favourable effect on Comt expression. Moreover, the changes obtained in Ogg1, MsrA, Nrf2 expression show that DPCPX-Mg2+, DPCPX-Zn2+, istradefylline-Mg2+ and istradefylline-Zn2+ co-treatment may have greater antioxidant capacity benefits than administration of DPCPX and istradefylline alone. It seems plausible that a combination of selective A1 as well as an A2A receptor antagonist and magnesium or zinc may be a new antidepressant therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Szopa
- Chair and Department of Applied and Social Pharmacy, Laboratory of Preclinical Testing, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodźki Street, PL 20–093 Lublin, Poland; (K.B.); (A.S.); (S.W.)
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (E.P.)
| | - Karolina Bogatko
- Chair and Department of Applied and Social Pharmacy, Laboratory of Preclinical Testing, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodźki Street, PL 20–093 Lublin, Poland; (K.B.); (A.S.); (S.W.)
| | - Mariola Herbet
- Chair and Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Lublin, 8 Chodźki Street, PL 20–093 Lublin, Poland; (M.H.); (M.O.); (A.K.) (J.D.)
| | - Anna Serefko
- Chair and Department of Applied and Social Pharmacy, Laboratory of Preclinical Testing, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodźki Street, PL 20–093 Lublin, Poland; (K.B.); (A.S.); (S.W.)
| | - Marta Ostrowska
- Chair and Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Lublin, 8 Chodźki Street, PL 20–093 Lublin, Poland; (M.H.); (M.O.); (A.K.) (J.D.)
| | - Sylwia Wośko
- Chair and Department of Applied and Social Pharmacy, Laboratory of Preclinical Testing, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodźki Street, PL 20–093 Lublin, Poland; (K.B.); (A.S.); (S.W.)
| | - Katarzyna Świąder
- Chair and Department of Applied and Social Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodźki Street, PL 20–093 Lublin, Poland; (K.Ś.); (A.P.)
| | - Bernadeta Szewczyk
- Department of Neurobiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, 12 Smętna Street, PL 31–343 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Aleksandra Wlaź
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Lublin, 8 Jaczewskiego Street, PL 20–090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Piotr Skałecki
- Department of Commodity Science and Processing of Raw Animal Materials, University of Life Sciences, 13 Akademicka Street, PL 20–950 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Andrzej Wróbel
- Second Department of Gynecology, 8 Jaczewskiego Street, PL 20–090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Sławomir Mandziuk
- Department of Pneumology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University of Lublin, 8 Jaczewskiego Street, PL 20–090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Aleksandra Pochodyła
- Chair and Department of Applied and Social Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodźki Street, PL 20–093 Lublin, Poland; (K.Ś.); (A.P.)
| | - Anna Kudela
- Chair and Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Lublin, 8 Chodźki Street, PL 20–093 Lublin, Poland; (M.H.); (M.O.); (A.K.) (J.D.)
| | - Jarosław Dudka
- Chair and Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Lublin, 8 Chodźki Street, PL 20–093 Lublin, Poland; (M.H.); (M.O.); (A.K.) (J.D.)
| | - Maria Radziwoń-Zaleska
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, 27 Nowowiejska Street, PL 00–665 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Piotr Wlaź
- Department of Animal Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie–Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, PL 20–033 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Ewa Poleszak
- Chair and Department of Applied and Social Pharmacy, Laboratory of Preclinical Testing, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodźki Street, PL 20–093 Lublin, Poland; (K.B.); (A.S.); (S.W.)
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (E.P.)
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Podkowa A, Kryczyk-Poprawa A, Opoka W, Muszyńska B. Culinary–medicinal mushrooms: a review of organic compounds and bioelements with antioxidant activity. Eur Food Res Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-020-03646-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThere are about 3000 species of mushrooms, which have a high amount of substances that are beneficial to human health, such as antioxidants. It is well known that oxidative stress plays an important role in the etiopathogenesis of many diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disorders, and diseases of the central nervous system. One way to prevent homeostasis disorders that occur as a result of excessive production of pro-oxidative substances is to include the ingredients having antioxidant properties in the diet. Several compounds, such as those with phenolic and indole derivatives as well as carotenoids and some vitamins, exhibit antioxidant activity. These substances are present in many foods, including mushrooms. In addition, they have certain unique compounds that are not found in other sources (e.g., norbadione A). The present work discusses selected ingredients exhibiting antioxidant activity, which are found in various species of mushrooms as wells as describes the content of these compounds in the extracts obtained from mushrooms using artificial digestive juice.
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Philipsen MH, Gu C, Ewing AG. Zinc Deficiency Leads to Lipid Changes in Drosophila Brain Similar to Cognitive-Impairing Drugs: An Imaging Mass Spectrometry Study. Chembiochem 2020; 21:2755-2758. [PMID: 32402134 PMCID: PMC7586942 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Several diseases and disorders have been suggested to be associated with zinc deficiency, especially learning and memory impairment. To have better understanding about the connection between lipid changes and cognitive impairments, we investigated the effects of a zinc-chelated diet on certain brain lipids of Drosophila melanogaster by using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). The data revealed that there are increases in the levels of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylinositol in the central brains of the zinc-deficient flies compared to the control flies. In contrast, the abundance of phosphatidylethanolamine in the brains of the zinc-deficient flies is lower. These data are consistent with that of cognitive-diminishing drugs, thus providing insight into the biological and molecular effects of zinc deficiency on the major brain lipids and opening a new treatment target for cognitive deficit in zinc deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai H. Philipsen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringChalmers University of TechnologyKemigården 4412 96GöteborgSweden
| | - Chaoyi Gu
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of GothenburgKemigården 4412 96GöteborgSweden
| | - Andrew G. Ewing
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of GothenburgKemigården 4412 96GöteborgSweden
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Wang M, Phadke M, Packard D, Yadav D, Gorelick F. Zinc: Roles in pancreatic physiology and disease. Pancreatology 2020; 20:1413-1420. [PMID: 32917512 PMCID: PMC7572834 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2020.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Zinc is an essential trace element. Deficiencies are frequently seen with gastrointestinal diseases, including chronic pancreatitis, nutritional deficiency, and reduced intestinal absorption. Additionally, reduced zinc levels have been linked to cellular changes associated with acute pancreatitis such as enhanced inflammation with increased macrophage activation and production of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, impaired autophagy, and modulation of calcium homeostasis. Preliminary data suggest that zinc deficiency may lead to pancreatic injury in animal models. The purpose of this review is to explore the biologic effects of zinc deficiency that could impact pancreatic disease. MESH KEYWORDS: Malnutrition, inflammation, trace element.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda Wang
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and VA HealthCare System, CT, USA
| | - Madhura Phadke
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and VA HealthCare System, CT, USA
| | - Daniel Packard
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and VA HealthCare System, CT, USA
| | - Dhiraj Yadav
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Medicine, USA
| | - Fred Gorelick
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and VA HealthCare System, CT, USA.
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Jeremiah OJ, Cousins G, Boland F, Kirby BP, Ryan BK. Evaluation of the effect of insulin sensitivity-enhancing lifestyle- and dietary-related adjuncts on antidepressant treatment response: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04845. [PMID: 32995594 PMCID: PMC7502352 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Depression is associated with insulin resistance (IR). However, the potential beneficial effect, on antidepressant treatment response, of adjunctive therapy with insulin sensitivity-enhancing lifestyle and dietary interventions (exercise; supplementation with: vitamin D, magnesium, zinc, probiotics or omega-3 fatty acids) has not been systematically explored. Aims To determine the effect of the above stated adjuncts on antidepressant treatment response in clinically depressed patients via a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods RCTs which assessed the effect, on antidepressant treatment response of adjunctive therapy with any of the interventions in comparison with treatment as usual were included. Results The interventions had a significant antidepressant effect, with SMD for follow-up (end of study) scores and change (from baseline) scores being -0.88, [95% CI: -1.19 to -0.57; P < 0.001] and -1.98 [95% CI -2.86 to -1.10; P < 0.001], respectively. The odds ratio (OR) for remission was 2.28 (95% CI 1.42 to 3.66; P < 0.001). The number-needed-to-treat (NNT) for remission was 6. Subgroup analysis of the follow-up scores revealed age effect: SMD significant in those with mean age ≤50 (-1.02 SMD; 95% CI: -1.40 to -0.64; p < 0.001) and insignificant in those with mean age >50 (-0.38 SMD (95% CI: -0.82 to 0.05; P = 0.08)). Also, the interventions were more beneficial among outpatients- SMD: -0.97 (95% CI: -1.32 to -0.62; P < 0.001) compared to inpatients- SMD: -0.34 (95% CI: -0.88 to 0.20; P = 0.22). Sensitivity analysis did not change the results. Conclusion The finding that antidepressant treatment response may be improved using insulin sensitivity-enhancing lifestyle and dietary adjuncts is worthy of further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaitan J Jeremiah
- School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Gráinne Cousins
- School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Fiona Boland
- Data Science Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaux Lane House, Lower Mercer Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Brian P Kirby
- School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Benedict K Ryan
- School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
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Anorexia nervosa, zinc deficiency and the glutamate system: The ketamine option. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2020; 101:109921. [PMID: 32169564 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.109921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe, biological brain disorder with significant medical risks and a tenacious development over time. Unfortunately, few treatments show efficacy in people with AN although numerous therapies including pharmacological have been explored. Zinc deficiency has been implicated in AN and zinc is important in a large range of processes in the brain. In particular, it is an allosteric modulator of NMDA receptors - the maintenance of zinc levels within a normal, narrow range is essential for glutamatergic functioning. Chronic zinc deficiency increases neuronal stores of calcium and reduces direct modulation of NMDA receptors which collectively lead to overactivation and upregulation of NMDA receptors. This may facilitate pathologically high levels of glutamate, calcium influx and subsequent excitotoxicity, which can disrupt synaptogenesis and synaptic plasticity. While studies of zinc supplementation in AN have shown some promise, the efficacy of this treatment is limited. This may be due to AN illness chronicity and the significant changes already made, as well as a reduced potency of zinc to inhibit NMDA receptors in a pathological state. Thus, we propose that the safe (at low doses) yet more potent NMDA receptor antagonist, ketamine, may act to normalise a perturbed glutamatergic system and increase synaptogenesis in the short term. This 'kickstart' via ketamine could then allow zinc supplementation and other forms of treatment to enhance recovery in AN.
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Botturi A, Ciappolino V, Delvecchio G, Boscutti A, Viscardi B, Brambilla P. The Role and the Effect of Magnesium in Mental Disorders: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061661. [PMID: 32503201 PMCID: PMC7352515 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Magnesium is an essential cation involved in many functions within the central nervous system, including transmission and intracellular signal transduction. Several studies have shown its usefulness in neurological and psychiatric diseases. Furthermore, it seems that magnesium levels are lowered in the course of several mental disorders, especially depression. Objectives: In this study, we wish to evaluate the presence of a relationship between the levels of magnesium and the presence of psychiatric pathology as well as the effectiveness of magnesium as a therapeutic supplementation. Methods: A systematic search of scientific records concerning magnesium in psychiatric disorders published from 2010 up to March 2020 was performed. We collected a total of 32 articles: 18 on Depressive Disorders (DD), four on Anxiety Disorders (AD), four on Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), three on Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), one on Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder (OCD), one on Schizophrenia (SCZ) and one on Eating Disorders (ED). Results: Twelve studies highlighted mainly positive results in depressive symptoms. Seven showed a significant correlation between reduced plasma magnesium values and depression measured with psychometric scales. Two papers reported improved depressive symptoms after magnesium intake, two in association with antidepressants, compared to controls. No significant association between magnesium serum levels and panic or Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) patients, in two distinct papers, was found. In two other papers, a reduced Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) score in depressed patients correlated with higher levels of magnesium and beneficial levels of magnesium in stressed patients was found. Two papers reported low levels of magnesium in association with ADHD. Only one of three papers showed lower levels of magnesium in ASD. ED and SCZ reported a variation in magnesium levels in some aspects of the disease. Conclusion: The results are not univocal, both in terms of the plasma levels and of therapeutic effects. However, from the available evidence, it emerged that supplementation with magnesium could be beneficial. Therefore, it is necessary to design ad hoc clinical trials to evaluate the efficacy of magnesium alone or together with other drugs (antidepressants) in order to establish the correct use of this cation with potential therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Botturi
- Neurologic Clinic, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Valentina Ciappolino
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (V.C.); (A.B.); (B.V.); (P.B.)
| | - Giuseppe Delvecchio
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Andrea Boscutti
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (V.C.); (A.B.); (B.V.); (P.B.)
| | - Bianca Viscardi
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (V.C.); (A.B.); (B.V.); (P.B.)
| | - Paolo Brambilla
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (V.C.); (A.B.); (B.V.); (P.B.)
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
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Rychlik M, Mlyniec K. Zinc-mediated Neurotransmission in Alzheimer's Disease: A Potential Role of the GPR39 in Dementia. Curr Neuropharmacol 2020; 18:2-13. [PMID: 31272355 PMCID: PMC7327932 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x17666190704153807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
With more people reaching an advanced age in modern society, there is a growing need for strategies to slow down age-related neuropathology and loss of cognitive functions, which are a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease. Neuroprotective drugs and candidate drug compounds target one or more processes involved in the neurodegenerative cascade, such as excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, misfolded protein aggregation and/or ion dyshomeostasis. A growing body of research shows that a G-protein coupled zinc (Zn2+) receptor (GPR39) can modulate the abovementioned processes. Zn2+ itself has a diverse activity profile at the synapse, and by binding to numerous receptors, it plays an important role in neurotransmission. However, Zn2+ is also necessary for the formation of toxic oligomeric forms of amyloid beta, which underlie the pathology of Alzheimer’s disease. Furthermore, the binding of Zn2+ by amyloid beta causes a disruption of zincergic signaling, and recent studies point to GPR39 and its intracellular targets being affected by amyloid pathology. In this review, we present neurobiological findings related to Zn2+ and GPR39, focusing on its signaling pathways, neural plasticity, interactions with other neurotransmission systems, as well as on the effects of pathophysiological changes observed in Alzheimer's disease on GPR39 function. Direct targeting of the GPR39 might be a promising strategy for the pharmacotherapy of zincergic dyshomeostasis observed in Alzheimer’s disease. The information presented in this article will hopefully fuel further research into the role of GPR39 in neurodegeneration and help in identifying novel therapeutic targets for dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Rychlik
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Mlyniec
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Krakow, Poland
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Chasapis CT, Ntoupa PSA, Spiliopoulou CA, Stefanidou ME. Recent aspects of the effects of zinc on human health. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:1443-1460. [PMID: 32394086 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02702-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is one of the most important essential nutrients of great public health significance. It is involved in numerous biological functions and it is considered as a multipurpose trace element, due to its capacity to bind to more than 300 enzymes and more than 2000 transcriptional factors. Its role in biochemical pathways and cellular functions, such as the response to oxidative stress, homeostasis, immune responses, DNA replication, DNA damage repair, cell cycle progression, apoptosis and aging is significant. Zn is required for the synthesis of protein and collagen, thus contributing to wound healing and a healthy skin. Metallothioneins are metal-binding proteins and they are potent scavengers of heavy metals, including Zn, and protect the organism against stress. Zn deficiency is observed almost in 17% of the global population and affects many organ systems, leading to dysfunction of both humoral and cell-mediated immunity, thus increasing the susceptibility to infection. This review gives a thorough insight into the most recent evidence on the association between Zn biochemistry and human pathologies, epigenetic processes, gut microbial composition, drug targets and nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos T Chasapis
- NMR Center, Instrumental Analysis Laboratory, School of Natural Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.,Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH/ICE-HT), Patras, Greece
| | - Panagoula-Stamatina A Ntoupa
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75, Mikras Asias Street, 11527, Goudi, Athens, Greece
| | - Chara A Spiliopoulou
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75, Mikras Asias Street, 11527, Goudi, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria E Stefanidou
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75, Mikras Asias Street, 11527, Goudi, Athens, Greece.
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Liu X, Zhong S, Li Z, Chen J, Wang Y, Lai S, Miao H, Jia Y. Serum copper and zinc levels correlate with biochemical metabolite ratios in the prefrontal cortex and lentiform nucleus of patients with major depressive disorder. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2020; 99:109828. [PMID: 31778759 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.109828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have demonstrated that copper and zinc metabolism are associated with the development of major depressive disorder (MDD). Abnormal copper and zinc levels may be related to neurotransmission and biochemical metabolism in the brains of MDD patients, especially in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and lentiform nucleus (LN). However, the mechanism of how copper and zinc levels contribute to neural metabolism in MDD patients remains to be deciphered. This study aimed to correlate copper and zinc levels with biochemical metabolite ratios in the PFC and LN of MDD patients. METHOD Twenty-nine MDD patients and thirty-two healthy control (HC) volunteers were enrolled in this study. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) was used to determine the levels of the N-acetylaspartate (NAA), choline (Cho) and creatine (Cr) in the brain, and specifically in the PFC and LN regions. Serum copper and zinc levels were measured using atomic emission spectrometry (AES). Afterwards, copper and zinc levels were correlated with biochemical metabolite ratios in the PFC and LN regions of the brain. RESULTS Higher serum copper and lower serum zinc levels with higher copper/zinc ratios were observed in MDD patients. NAA/Cr ratios in the PFC of MDD patients were lower compared to HC volunteers. In MDD patients, serum copper levels were negatively correlated with NAA/Cr ratios in the right PFC and right LN, while copper/zinc ratios were negatively correlated with NAA/Cr ratios in the right LN. No significant differences in serum copper and zinc levels with NAA/Cr ratios in the left PFC and left LN were observed in MDD patients. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that higher serum copper and lower serum zinc levels may contribute to neuronal impairment by affecting neuronal biochemical metabolite ratios in the right PFC and right LN of MDD patients. Abnormal copper and zinc levels may play an important role in the pathophysiology of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanjun Liu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Shuming Zhong
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Zhinan Li
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Department of Psychiatry, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | | | - Ying Wang
- Medical Imaging Center of The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Shunkai Lai
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | | | - Yanbin Jia
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China.
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31
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Kurniati Y, Sinrang W, Syamsuddin S. Postpartum blues syndrome: Serum zinc and psychosocial factors. ENFERMERIA CLINICA 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enfcli.2019.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Mezzaroba L, Alfieri DF, Colado Simão AN, Vissoci Reiche EM. The role of zinc, copper, manganese and iron in neurodegenerative diseases. Neurotoxicology 2019; 74:230-241. [PMID: 31377220 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Metals are involved in different pathophysiological mechanisms associated with neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD) and multiple sclerosis (MS). The aim of this study was to review the effects of the essential metals zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn) and iron (Fe) on the central nervous system (CNS), as well as the mechanisms involved in their neurotoxicity. Low levels of Zn as well as high levels of Cu, Mn, and Fe participate in the activation of signaling pathways of the inflammatory, oxidative and nitrosative stress (IO&NS) response, including nuclear factor kappa B and activator protein-1. The imbalance of these metals impairs the structural, regulatory, and catalytic functions of different enzymes, proteins, receptors, and transporters. Neurodegeneration occurs via association of metals with proteins and subsequent induction of aggregate formation creating a vicious cycle by disrupting mitochondrial function, which depletes adenosine triphosphate and induces IO&NS, cell death by apoptotic and/or necrotic mechanisms. In AD, at low levels, Zn suppresses β-amyloid-induced neurotoxicity by selectively precipitating aggregation intermediates; however, at high levels, the binding of Zn to β-amyloid may enhance formation of fibrillar β-amyloid aggregation, leading to neurodegeneration. High levels of Cu, Mn and Fe participate in the formation α-synuclein aggregates in intracellular inclusions, called Lewy Body, that result in synaptic dysfunction and interruption of axonal transport. In PD, there is focal accumulation of Fe in the substantia nigra, while in AD a diffuse accumulation of Fe occurs in various regions, such as cortex and hippocampus, with Fe marginally increased in the senile plaques. Zn deficiency induces an imbalance between T helper (Th)1 and Th2 cell functions and a failure of Th17 down-regulation, contributing to the pathogenesis of MS. In MS, elevated levels of Fe occur in certain brain regions, such as thalamus and striatum, which may be due to inflammatory processes disrupting the blood-brain barrier and attracting Fe-rich macrophages. Delineating the specific mechanisms by which metals alter redox homeostasis is essential to understand the pathophysiology of AD, PD, and MS and may provide possible new targets for their prevention and treatment of the patients affected by these NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leda Mezzaroba
- Laboratory of Applied Immunology, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Zip Code 86.038-440 Brazil; Department of Pathology, Clinical Analysis and Toxicology, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Zip Code 86.038-440 Brazil
| | - Daniela Frizon Alfieri
- Laboratory of Applied Immunology, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Zip Code 86.038-440 Brazil
| | - Andrea Name Colado Simão
- Laboratory of Applied Immunology, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Zip Code 86.038-440 Brazil; Department of Pathology, Clinical Analysis and Toxicology, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Zip Code 86.038-440 Brazil
| | - Edna Maria Vissoci Reiche
- Laboratory of Applied Immunology, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Zip Code 86.038-440 Brazil; Department of Pathology, Clinical Analysis and Toxicology, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Zip Code 86.038-440 Brazil.
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Dos Santos AB, Bezerra MA, Rocha ME, Barreto GE, Kohlmeier KA. Higher zinc concentrations in hair of Parkinson’s disease are associated with psychotic complications and depression. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2019; 126:1291-1301. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-019-02041-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Dome P, Tombor L, Lazary J, Gonda X, Rihmer Z. Natural health products, dietary minerals and over-the-counter medications as add-on therapies to antidepressants in the treatment of major depressive disorder: a review. Brain Res Bull 2019; 146:51-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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35
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Jeremiah OJ, Cousins G, Leacy FP, Kirby BP, Ryan BK. Evaluation of the effect of insulin sensitivity-enhancing lifestyle- and dietary-related adjuncts on antidepressant treatment response: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. Syst Rev 2019; 8:62. [PMID: 30803432 PMCID: PMC6388470 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-019-0978-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is the leading cause of disability worldwide and is known to be associated with insulin resistance (IR). Insulin resistance worsens the symptoms of depression and reduces the effectiveness of antidepressant medications in some depressed patients. Many studies have assessed the effect of adjunctive exercise, vitamin D supplementation, zinc supplementation, magnesium, probiotics, unsaturated fatty acids, and hygienic-dietary recommendations (sleep hygiene, healthy diet, physical activity, and sunlight exposure, combined or singly used), individually, on antidepressant treatment response. However, despite the reported insulin sensitivity-enhancing potential of these adjuncts, no systematic review has collectively analysed their antidepressant effect with regards to insulin sensitivity. METHODS/DESIGN In this systematic review, we will analyse the effect of the above-stated adjuncts on antidepressant treatment response (primary outcome) in comparison with treatment as usual with or without adjunctive placebo after identifying the relevant trials from a systematic literature search. Randomised controlled trials involving clinically depressed patients with diagnosis of major depressive, dysthymic or bipolar disorder will be considered. Changes in insulin sensitivity parameters, following treatment, will also be analysed as the secondary outcome. Effect estimates of the included trials will be combined using random-effects meta-analysis, while addressing risk of bias issues. Any significant heterogeneity between studies will be explored using sensitivity and subgroup analyses. DISCUSSION The findings of this review will contribute to the evidence base regarding the utility of non-pharmacological insulin-sensitising treatments in enhancing conventional antidepressant treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaitan J Jeremiah
- School of Pharmacy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123, St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Gráinne Cousins
- School of Pharmacy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123, St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Finbarr P Leacy
- Data Science Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123, St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Brian P Kirby
- School of Pharmacy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123, St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Benedict K Ryan
- School of Pharmacy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123, St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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Starowicz G, Jarosz M, Frąckiewicz E, Grzechnik N, Ostachowicz B, Nowak G, Mlyniec K. Long-lasting antidepressant-like activity of the GPR39 zinc receptor agonist TC-G 1008. J Affect Disord 2019; 245:325-334. [PMID: 30419533 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The discovery of the zinc-sensing receptor, has provided new possibilities for explaining the neurobiology of zinc. Recent studies indicate that the GPR39 zinc receptor may play an important role in the pathogenesis of depression as well as in the antidepressant mechanism of action. METHODS In this study we evaluated the time-course of the antidepressant response of the GPR39 agonist (TC-G 1008), imipramine, ZnCl2 and MK-801 in the forced swim test in mice 30 min, 3 h, 6 h and 24 h after acute drug administration as well as after 14-day treatment. Zinc level was measured in serum of mice. BDNF protein level was evaluated in hippocampus following both acute and chronic TC-G 1008 treatment. RESULTS A single administration of the GPR39 agonist caused an antidepressant-like effect lasting up to 24 h following the injection, which is longer than the effect of imipramine, ZnCl2 and MK-801. Chronic treatment with these compounds caused a decrease in immobility time in the FST. Serum zinc concentrations showed an increased level following chronic ZnCl2 administration, but not following administration of TC-G 1008, imipramine or MK-801. We also observed some tendencies for increased BDNF following acute TC-G 1008 treatment. LIMITATIONS TC-G 1008 is new drug designed to study GPR39 therefore additional pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties in preclinical studies are required. CONCLUSION This study shows for the first time the long-lasting antidepressant effect of the GPR39 agonist in comparison with imipramine, ZnCl2 and MK-801. Our findings suggest that GPR39 should be considered as a target in efforts to develop new antidepressant drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Starowicz
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Jarosz
- Department of Radioligands, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewelina Frąckiewicz
- Department of Radioligands, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Natalia Grzechnik
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Beata Ostachowicz
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Sciences, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Gabriel Nowak
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Krakow, Poland; Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Trace Elements Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology, Smetna Street 12, 31-343 Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Mlyniec
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Krakow, Poland.
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Abstract
Evidence from both preclinical and clinical studies suggest the importance of zinc homeostasis in seizures/epilepsy. Undoubtedly, zinc, via modulation of a variety of targets, is necessary for maintaining the balance between neuronal excitation and inhibition, while an imbalance between excitation and inhibition underlies seizures. However, the relationship between zinc signaling and seizures/epilepsy is complex as both extracellular and intracellular zinc may produce either protective or detrimental effects. This review provides an overview of preclinical/behavioral, functional and molecular studies, as well as clinical data on the involvement of zinc in the pathophysiology and treatment of seizures/epilepsy. Furthermore, the potential of targeting elements associated with zinc signaling or homeostasis and zinc levels as a therapeutic strategy for epilepsy is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Doboszewska
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Młyniec
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Wlaź
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Ewa Poleszak
- Department of Applied Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Gabriel Nowak
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland; Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Piotr Wlaź
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
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Wang J, Um P, Dickerman BA, Liu J. Zinc, Magnesium, Selenium and Depression: A Review of the Evidence, Potential Mechanisms and Implications. Nutrients 2018; 10:E584. [PMID: 29747386 PMCID: PMC5986464 DOI: 10.3390/nu10050584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Micronutrient deficiency and depression are major global health problems. Here, we first review recent empirical evidence of the association between several micronutrients—zinc, magnesium, selenium—and depression. We then present potential mechanisms of action and discuss the clinical implications for each micronutrient. Collectively, empirical evidence most strongly supports a positive association between zinc deficiency and the risk of depression and an inverse association between zinc supplementation and depressive symptoms. Less evidence is available regarding the relationship between magnesium and selenium deficiency and depression, and studies have been inconclusive. Potential mechanisms of action involve the HPA axis, glutamate homeostasis and inflammatory pathways. Findings support the importance of adequate consumption of micronutrients in the promotion of mental health, and the most common dietary sources for zinc and other micronutrients are provided. Future research is needed to prospectively investigate the association between micronutrient levels and depression as well as the safety and efficacy of micronutrient supplementation as an adjunct treatment for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Wang
- University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Phoebe Um
- University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | | | - Jianghong Liu
- University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Inoshita M, Umehara H, Watanabe SY, Nakataki M, Kinoshita M, Tomioka Y, Tajima A, Numata S, Ohmori T. Elevated peripheral blood glutamate levels in major depressive disorder. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2018; 14:945-953. [PMID: 29670355 PMCID: PMC5896673 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s159855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE There is growing evidence that glutamatergic signaling may be involved in major depressive disorder (MDD). In regard to peripheral blood glutamate changes in MDD, inconsistent findings have been reported. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate whether blood glutamate levels differed between MDD patients and control participants. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of 12 association studies between blood glutamate levels and MDD in a total of 529 MDD patients and 590 controls. Subsequently, we conducted subgroup analyses and a meta-regression analysis to examine the sources of potential heterogeneity. RESULTS A random effects model showed that blood glutamate levels were significantly higher in MDD patients than in controls (standardized mean difference=0.54, 95% CI=0.27-0.82, p=8.5×10-5) with high heterogeneity (I2=75.0%, p<0.05). Subgroup analyses showed elevated glutamate levels in MDD patients compared with controls in plasma, but not serum studies, and in studies using high-performance liquid chromatography but not with mass spectrometry for glutamate assay. A meta-regression analysis showed no effects of age, gender, medication use, sample size, and published year on blood glutamate levels. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that altered glutamate levels may be implicated in MDD, which provides further evidence of glutamatergic dysfunction in MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Inoshita
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Umehara
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shin-Ya Watanabe
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masahito Nakataki
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Makoto Kinoshita
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yukiko Tomioka
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tajima
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Graduate School of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Shusuke Numata
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Ohmori
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
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Cattani D, Cesconetto PA, Tavares MK, Parisotto EB, De Oliveira PA, Rieg CEH, Leite MC, Prediger RDS, Wendt NC, Razzera G, Filho DW, Zamoner A. Developmental exposure to glyphosate-based herbicide and depressive-like behavior in adult offspring: Implication of glutamate excitotoxicity and oxidative stress. Toxicology 2017; 387:67-80. [PMID: 28627408 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that maternal exposure to glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH) leads to glutamate excitotoxicity in 15-day-old rat hippocampus. The present study was conducted in order to investigate the effects of subchronic exposure to GBH on some neurochemical and behavioral parameters in immature and adult offspring. Rats were exposed to 1% GBH in drinking water (corresponding to 0.36% of glyphosate) from gestational day 5 until postnatal day (PND)-15 or PND60. Results showed that GBH exposure during both prenatal and postnatal periods causes oxidative stress, affects cholinergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission in offspring hippocampus from immature and adult rats. The subchronic exposure to the pesticide decreased L-[14C]-glutamate uptake and increased 45Ca2+ influx in 60-day-old rat hippocampus, suggesting a persistent glutamate excitotoxicity from developmental period (PND15) to adulthood (PND60). Moreover, GBH exposure alters the serum levels of the astrocytic protein S100B. The effects of GBH exposure were associated with oxidative stress and depressive-like behavior in offspring on PND60, as demonstrated by the prolonged immobility time and decreased time of climbing observed in forced swimming test. The mechanisms underlying the GBH-induced neurotoxicity involve the NMDA receptor activation, impairment of cholinergic transmission, astrocyte dysfunction, ERK1/2 overactivation, decreased p65 NF-κB phosphorylation, which are associated with oxidative stress and glutamate excitotoxicity. These neurochemical events may contribute, at least in part, to the depressive-like behavior observed in adult offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiane Cattani
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Acordi Cesconetto
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Mauren Kruger Tavares
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Benedetti Parisotto
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Paulo Alexandre De Oliveira
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Carla Elise Heinz Rieg
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Marina Concli Leite
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rui Daniel Schröder Prediger
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Nestor Cubas Wendt
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Razzera
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Danilo Wilhelm Filho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Ariane Zamoner
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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41
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Li Z, Li B, Song X, Zhang D. Dietary zinc and iron intake and risk of depression: A meta-analysis. Psychiatry Res 2017; 251:41-47. [PMID: 28189077 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The associations between dietary zinc and iron intake and risk of depression remain controversial. Thus, we carried out a meta-analysis to evaluate these associations. A systematic search was performed in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Wanfang databases for relevant studies up to January 2017. Pooled relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random effects model. A total of 9 studies for dietary zinc intake and 3 studies for dietary iron intake were finally included in present meta-analysis. The pooled RRs with 95% CIs of depression for the highest versus lowest dietary zinc and iron intake were 0.67 (95% CI: 0.58-0.76) and 0.57 (95% CI: 0.34-0.95), respectively. In subgroup analysis by study design, the inverse association between dietary zinc intake and risk of depression remained significant in the cohort studies and cross-sectional studies. The pooled RRs (95% CIs) for depression did not substantially change in the influence analysis and subgroup analysis by adjustment for body mass index (BMI). The present meta-analysis indicates inverse associations between dietary zinc and iron intake and risk of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongyao Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, the School of Public Health of Qingdao University, 38 Dengzhou Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingrong Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, the School of Public Health of Qingdao University, 38 Dengzhou Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingxing Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, the School of Public Health of Qingdao University, 38 Dengzhou Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongfeng Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, the School of Public Health of Qingdao University, 38 Dengzhou Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, People's Republic of China.
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Jarosz M, Olbert M, Wyszogrodzka G, Młyniec K, Librowski T. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of zinc. Zinc-dependent NF-κB signaling. Inflammopharmacology 2017; 25:11-24. [PMID: 28083748 PMCID: PMC5306179 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-017-0309-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 362] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Zinc is a nutritionally fundamental trace element, essential to the structure and function of numerous macromolecules, including enzymes regulating cellular processes and cellular signaling pathways. The mineral modulates immune response and exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Zinc retards oxidative processes on a long-term basis by inducing the expression of metallothioneins. These metal-binding cysteine-rich proteins are responsible for maintaining zinc-related cell homeostasis and act as potent electrophilic scavengers and cytoprotective agents. Furthermore, zinc increases the activation of antioxidant proteins and enzymes, such as glutathione and catalase. On the other hand, zinc exerts its antioxidant effect via two acute mechanisms, one of which is the stabilization of protein sulfhydryls against oxidation. The second mechanism consists in antagonizing transition metal-catalyzed reactions. Zinc can exchange redox active metals, such as copper and iron, in certain binding sites and attenuate cellular site-specific oxidative injury. Studies have demonstrated that physiological reconstitution of zinc restrains immune activation, whereas zinc deficiency, in the setting of severe infection, provokes a systemic increase in NF-κB activation. In vitro studies have shown that zinc decreases NF-κB activation and its target genes, such as TNF-α and IL-1β, and increases the gene expression of A20 and PPAR-α, the two zinc finger proteins with anti-inflammatory properties. Alternative NF-κB inhibitory mechanism is initiated by the inhibition of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase, whereas another presumed mechanism consists in inhibition of IκB kinase in response to infection by zinc ions that have been imported into cells by ZIP8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Jarosz
- Department of Radioligands, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Olbert
- Department of Radioligands, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Gabriela Wyszogrodzka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Młyniec
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Librowski
- Department of Radioligands, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Krakow, Poland
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Styczeń K, Sowa-Kućma M, Siwek M, Dudek D, Reczyński W, Szewczyk B, Misztak P, Topór-Mądry R, Opoka W, Nowak G. The serum zinc concentration as a potential biological marker in patients with major depressive disorder. Metab Brain Dis 2017; 32:97-103. [PMID: 27502410 PMCID: PMC5225246 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-016-9888-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite many clinical trials assessing the role of zinc in major depressive disorder (MDD), the conclusions still remain ambiguous. The aim of the present clinical study was to determine and comparison the zinc concentration in the blood of MDD patients (active stage or remission) and healthy volunteers (controls), as well as to discuss its potential clinical usefulness as a biomarker of the disease. In this study 69 patients with current depressive episode, 45 patients in remission and 50 controls were enrolled. The zinc concentration was measured by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ET AAS). The obtained results revealed, that the zinc concentration in depressed phase were statistically lower than in the healthy volunteers [0.89 vs. 1.06 mg/L, respectively], while the zinc level in patients achieve remission was not significantly different from the controls [1.07 vs. 1.06 mg/L, respectively]. Additionally, among the patients achieve remission a significant differences in zinc concentration between group with and without presence of drug-resistance in the previous episode of depression were observed. Also, patients in remission demonstrated correlation between zinc level and the average number of depressive episodes in the last year. Serum zinc concentration was not dependent on atypical features of depression, presence of psychotic symptoms or melancholic syndrome, age, age of onset or duration of disease, number of episodes in the life time, duration of the episode/remission and severity of depression measured by the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HDRS), and the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). Concluding, our findings confirm the correlation between zinc deficit present in the depressive episode, and are consistent with the majority of previous studies. These results may also indicate that serum zinc concentration might be considered as a potential biological marker of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Styczeń
- Department of Affective Disorders, Chair of Psychiatry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 21a, 31-501, Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Sowa-Kućma
- Laboratory of Trace Elements Neurobiology, Institute of Pharmacology PAS, Smetna 12, 31-343, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Marcin Siwek
- Department of Affective Disorders, Chair of Psychiatry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 21a, 31-501, Krakow, Poland
| | - Dominika Dudek
- Department of Affective Disorders, Chair of Psychiatry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 21a, 31-501, Krakow, Poland
| | - Witold Reczyński
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
| | - Bernadeta Szewczyk
- Laboratory of Trace Elements Neurobiology, Institute of Pharmacology PAS, Smetna 12, 31-343, Krakow, Poland
| | - Paulina Misztak
- Laboratory of Trace Elements Neurobiology, Institute of Pharmacology PAS, Smetna 12, 31-343, Krakow, Poland
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Roman Topór-Mądry
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Grzegórzecka 20, 31-531, Krakow, Poland
| | - Włodzimierz Opoka
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Gabriel Nowak
- Laboratory of Trace Elements Neurobiology, Institute of Pharmacology PAS, Smetna 12, 31-343, Krakow, Poland
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Krakow, Poland
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Potential antidepressant-like properties of the TC G-1008, a GPR39 (zinc receptor) agonist. J Affect Disord 2016; 201:179-84. [PMID: 27235821 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Some forms of depression appear to be more related to the glutamatergic system. G-coupled protein receptor 39 (GPR39) is the metabotropic zinc receptor, which may be involved in the pathophysiology of depression and in the antidepressant response. Its deficiency abolishes the antidepressant response, which means that GPR39 is required to obtain a therapeutic effect in depression. This raises the possibility that agonists of the zinc receptor may have a role in antidepressant treatment. To explore this possibility we investigated animal behaviour in the forced swim test, the tail suspension test (to assess antidepressant-like properties), the light/dark test and the elevated plus maze test (to assess anxiolytic-like properties), following acute administration of a GPR39 agonist (TC G-1008). We found an antidepressant response (as measured by the forced swim test but not by the tail suspension test) in mice following the GPR39 agonist treatment. Additionally, we observed the opposite results in the light/dark box (decreased overall distance; increased time spent in the lit compartment; decreased time spent in the dark compartment; increased freezing time) and elevated plus maze (no significant changes), which may be a consequence of the sedative effect of TC G-1008. We also found hippocampal GPR39 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) up-regulation following administration of the GPR39 agonist, which may be undiscovered so far as a possible novel agent in the treatment of mood disorders.
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45
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Takeda A, Tamano H, Nishio R, Murakami T. Behavioral Abnormality Induced by Enhanced Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Adrenocortical Axis Activity under Dietary Zinc Deficiency and Its Usefulness as a Model. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17071149. [PMID: 27438830 PMCID: PMC4964522 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17071149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary zinc deficiency increases glucocorticoid secretion from the adrenal cortex via enhanced hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis activity and induces neuropsychological symptoms, i.e., behavioral abnormality. Behavioral abnormality is due to the increase in glucocorticoid secretion rather than disturbance of brain zinc homeostasis, which occurs after the increase in glucocorticoid secretion. A major target of glucocorticoids is the hippocampus and their actions are often associated with disturbance of glutamatergic neurotransmission, which may be linked to behavioral abnormality, such as depressive symptoms and aggressive behavior under zinc deficiency. Glucocorticoid-mediated disturbance of glutamatergic neurotransmission in the hippocampus is also involved in the pathophysiology of, not only psychiatric disorders, such as depression, but also neurodegenerative disorders, e.g., Alzheimer’s disease. The evidence suggests that zinc-deficient animals are models for behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD), as well as depression. To understand validity to apply zinc-deficient animals as a behavioral abnormality model, this paper deals with the effect of antidepressive drugs and herbal medicines on hippocampal dysfunctions and behavioral abnormality, which are induced by enhanced HPA axis activity under dietary zinc deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Takeda
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Haruna Tamano
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Ryusuke Nishio
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Taku Murakami
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
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Ding Q, Li H, Tian X, Shen Z, Wang X, Mo F, Huang J, Shen H. Zinc and imipramine reverse the depression-like behavior in mice induced by chronic restraint stress. J Affect Disord 2016; 197:100-6. [PMID: 26985741 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Depression is a common psychopathological disorders. Studies of depression have indicated that zinc play a role in the depression pathophysiology and treatment. In present study, we examined the effects of zinc and imipramine supplement alone or combination of zinc and imipramine in mice induced by chronic restraint stress (CRS). Moreover, the possible roles of zinc receptor (G protein-coupled receptor 39, GPR39)-related pathway was investigated. Decreased weight and increased corticosterone (CORT) were observed after 3 weeks CRS exposure. It was shown that CRS induced lower serum zinc, higher hippocampal zinc, increased immobility time in tail suspension test and decreased movement distance in spontaneous activity test, which could be normalized by zinc (30 mg/kg) and imipramine (20 mg/kg) supplement alone and combination of zinc (15 mg/kg) and imipramine (5 mg/kg) for 3 weeks after CRS exposure. Moreover, the changes in mRNA expressions of GPR39, cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB), brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) and n-methytl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDAR) could be reversed by the same treatment mentioned above. These results suggested that zinc dyshomeostasis in serum and hippocampus and depression-like behavior in CRS exposure animals observed in present study could be normalized by zinc and imipramine. The combination of zinc and imipramine in low dose has synergetic effects. The possible mechanism might be correlated to GPR39 receptor-related pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Ding
- Department of Naval Hygiene, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongxia Li
- Department of Naval Hygiene, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue Tian
- Department of Naval Hygiene, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhilei Shen
- Department of Naval Hygiene, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Department of Naval Hygiene, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengfeng Mo
- Department of Naval Hygiene, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junlong Huang
- Department of Naval Hygiene, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hui Shen
- Department of Naval Hygiene, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
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Kiselyov K, Muallem S. ROS and intracellular ion channels. Cell Calcium 2016; 60:108-14. [PMID: 26995054 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a well-known driver of numerous pathological processes involving protein and lipid peroxidation and DNA damage. The resulting increase of pro-apoptotic pressure drives tissue damage in a host of conditions, including ischemic stroke and reperfusion injury, diabetes, death in acute pancreatitis and neurodegenerative diseases. Somewhat less frequently discussed, but arguably as important, is the signaling function of oxidative stress stemming from the ability of oxidative stress to modulate ion channel activity. The evidence for the modulation of the intracellular ion channels and transporters by oxidative stress is constantly emerging and such evidence suggests new regulatory and pathological circuits that can be explored towards new treatments for diseases in which oxidative stress is an issue. In this review we summarize the current knowledge on the effects of oxidative stress on the intracellular ion channels and transporters and their role in cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill Kiselyov
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States; Epithelial Signaling and Transport Section, Molecular Physiology and Therapeutics Branch NIH, NIDCR, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States.
| | - Shmuel Muallem
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States; Epithelial Signaling and Transport Section, Molecular Physiology and Therapeutics Branch NIH, NIDCR, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States.
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Donma MM, Donma O. Promising link between selenium and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma in the treatment protocols of obesity as well as depression. Med Hypotheses 2016; 89:79-83. [PMID: 26968915 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2016.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Considerable interest has been given to the significance of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) in macronutrient metabolism, however, there is not sufficient data concerning the interactions between PPARs and micronutrients. Investigations performed on PPARγ and one of the essential micronutrients selenium (Se) have shown that both parameters may lead to alterations in obesity-related or mood disorders. Therefore, it is plausible to consider PPARγ and Se together as a powerful combination during the treatment of two associated diseases; obesity and depression. PPARγ has been shown to be involved in the antidepressant-like activity. It is also an important parameter to be considered in obesity as the master regulator of adipogenesis. The mechanism of action of PPARγ is initiated by ligand binding which induces a conformational change in the receptor. Se is capable of alleviating inflammatory signaling pathways. Obesity is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation. Depression is also defined as an inflammatory disorder. Inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) participate in the progression of depression. They are also obesity-associated parameters. Due to TNFα induced depressive-like behaviors and the positive association between this proinflammatory cytokine and obesity, TNFα-activated signaling pathways and those inhibiting them have recently gained importance as potential targets and therapeutic tools, respectively. More studies are necessary to develop compounds with therapeutic nature against depressive disorders and obesity. PPARγ is an important signaling pathway that occurs at the crossroads of depression and obesity. Se, aside from its anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic and antioxidative nature, affects also the way of PPARγ action. Se supplementation or fortification as well as the development of the partial agonists of PPARγ in which lipophilic Se compounds are used as ligand followed by experimental trials and human studies using the newly developed compounds will be promising approaches for future hope during the treatment of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Donma
- Namik Kemal University, Faculty of Medicine, Tekirdag, Turkey
| | - O Donma
- Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
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Młyniec K, Trojan E, Ślusarczyk J, Głombik K, Basta-Kaim A, Budziszewska B, Skrzeszewski J, Siwek A, Holst B, Nowak G. Immune malfunction in the GPR39 zinc receptor of knockout mice: Its relationship to depressive disorder. J Neuroimmunol 2015; 291:11-7. [PMID: 26857489 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Depression is a serious psychiatric disorder affecting not only the monaminergic, glutamatergic, and GABAergic neurosystems, but also the immune system. Patients suffering from depression show disturbance in the immune parameters as well as increased susceptibility to infections. Zinc is well known as an anti-inflammatory agent, and its link with depression has been proved, zinc deficiency causing depression- and anxiety-like behavior with immune malfunction. It has been discovered that trace-element zinc acts as a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system via zinc receptor GPR39. In this study we investigated whether GPR39 knockout would cause depressive-like behavior as measured by the forced swim test, and whether these changes would coexist with immune malfunction. In GPR39 knockout mice versus a wild-type control we found: i) depressive-like behavior; ii) significantly reduced thymus weight; (iii) reduced cell viability of splenocytes; iv) reduced proliferative response of splenocytes; and v) increased IL-6 production of splenocytes after ConA stimulation and decreased IL-1b and IL-6 release after LPS stimulation. The results indicate depressive-like behavior in GPR39 KO animals with an immune response similar to that observed in depressive disorder. Here for the first time we show immunological changes under GPR39-deficient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Młyniec
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Ewa Trojan
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, PeL 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Joanna Ślusarczyk
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, PeL 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Głombik
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, PeL 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Basta-Kaim
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, PeL 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Bogusława Budziszewska
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, PeL 31-343 Kraków, Poland; Department of Biochemical Toxicology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Jakub Skrzeszewski
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Nowowiejski Hospital, Nowowiejska 27, PL 02-156 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Agata Siwek
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Birgitte Holst
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gabriel Nowak
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Kraków, Poland; Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, PeL 31-343 Kraków, Poland
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50
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The role of glutamatergic, GABA-ergic, and cholinergic receptors in depression and antidepressant-like effect. Pharmacol Rep 2015; 68:443-50. [PMID: 26922551 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2015.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Depression is one of the most common mental disorders and social issue worldwide. Although there are many antidepressants available, the effectiveness of the therapy is still a serious issue. Moreover, there are many limitations of currently used antidepressants, including slow onset of action, numerous side effects, or the fact that many patients do not respond adequately to the treatment. Therefore, scientists are searching for new compounds with different mechanisms of action. Numerous data indicate the important role of glutamatergic, GABA-ergic, and cholinergic receptors in the pathomechanism of major depressive disorder. This review presents the role of glutamatergic, GABA-ergic, and cholinergic receptors in depression and antidepressant-like effect.
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