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Petersen EA, Blom I, Melander SA, Al-Rubai M, Vidotto M, Dalgaard LT, Karsdal MA, Henriksen K, Larsen S, Larsen AT. DACRA induces profound weight loss, satiety control, and increased mitochondrial respiratory capacity in adipose tissue. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024; 48:1421-1429. [PMID: 38879729 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-024-01564-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Dual amylin and calcitonin receptor agonists (DACRAs) are therapeutic candidates in the treatment of obesity with beneficial effects on weight loss superior to suppression of food intake. Hence, suggesting effects on energy expenditure by possibly targeting mitochondria in metabolically active tissue. METHODS Male rats with HFD-induced obesity received a DACRA, KBP-336, every third day for 8 weeks. Upon study end, mitochondrial respiratory capacity (MRC), - enzyme activity, - transcriptional factors, and -content were measured in perirenal (pAT) and inguinal adipose tissue. A pair-fed group was included to examine food intake-independent effects of KBP-336. RESULTS A vehicle-corrected weight loss (23.4 ± 2.8%) was achieved with KBP-336, which was not observed to the same extent with the food-restricted weight loss (12.4 ± 2.8%) (P < 0.001). Maximal coupled respiration supported by carbohydrate and lipid-linked substrates was increased after KBP-336 treatment independent of food intake in pAT (P < 0.01). Moreover, oligomycin-induced leak respiration and the activity of citrate synthase and β-hydroxyacetyl-CoA-dehydrogenase were increased with KBP-336 treatment (P < 0.05). These effects occurred without changes in mitochondrial content in pAT. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate favorable effects of KBP-336 on MRC in adipose tissue, indicating an increased energy expenditure and capacity to utilize fatty acids. Thus, providing more mechanistic insight into the DACRA-induced weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie A Petersen
- Nordic Bioscience, Herlev, Denmark.
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Ida Blom
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Mays Al-Rubai
- Nordic Bioscience, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | | | - Louise T Dalgaard
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Morten A Karsdal
- Nordic Bioscience, Herlev, Denmark
- KeyBioscience AG, Stans, Switzerland
| | - Kim Henriksen
- Nordic Bioscience, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
- KeyBioscience AG, Stans, Switzerland
| | - Steen Larsen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Fuwa M, Kajita K, Mori I, Asano M, Kajita T, Senda T, Inagaki T, Morita H. Mitochondrial fractions located in the cytoplasmic and peridroplet areas of white adipocytes have distinct roles. FEBS Lett 2024; 598:1753-1768. [PMID: 38658180 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The role of mitochondria in white adipocytes (WAs) has not been fully explored. A recent study revealed that brown adipocytes contain functionally distinct mitochondrial fractions, cytoplasmic mitochondria, and peridroplet mitochondria. However, it is not known whether such a functional division of mitochondria exists in WA. Herein, we observed that mitochondria could be imaged and mitochondrial DNA and protein detected in pellets obtained from the cytoplasmic layer and oil layer of WAs after centrifugation. The mitochondria in each fraction were designated as cytoplasmic mitochondria (CMw) and peridroplet mitochondria (PDMw) in WAs, respectively. CMw had higher β-oxidation activity than PDMw, and PDMw was associated with diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2. Therefore, CMw may be involved in β-oxidation and PDMw in droplet expansion in WAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Fuwa
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kajita
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Home Economics, Gifu Women's University, Japan
| | - Ichiro Mori
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Motochika Asano
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Toshiko Kajita
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Takao Senda
- Department of Anatomy, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Takeshi Inagaki
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunnma University, Maebashi-shi, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Morita
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
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3
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Conte C, Cipponeri E, Roden M. Diabetes Mellitus, Energy Metabolism, and COVID-19. Endocr Rev 2024; 45:281-308. [PMID: 37934800 PMCID: PMC10911957 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnad032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Obesity, diabetes mellitus (mostly type 2), and COVID-19 show mutual interactions because they are not only risk factors for both acute and chronic COVID-19 manifestations, but also because COVID-19 alters energy metabolism. Such metabolic alterations can lead to dysglycemia and long-lasting effects. Thus, the COVID-19 pandemic has the potential for a further rise of the diabetes pandemic. This review outlines how preexisting metabolic alterations spanning from excess visceral adipose tissue to hyperglycemia and overt diabetes may exacerbate COVID-19 severity. We also summarize the different effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the key organs and tissues orchestrating energy metabolism, including adipose tissue, liver, skeletal muscle, and pancreas. Last, we provide an integrative view of the metabolic derangements that occur during COVID-19. Altogether, this review allows for better understanding of the metabolic derangements occurring when a fire starts from a small flame, and thereby help reducing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Conte
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome 00166, Italy
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan 20099, Italy
| | - Elisa Cipponeri
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan 20099, Italy
| | - Michael Roden
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
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4
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Bilson J, Oquendo CJ, Read J, Scorletti E, Afolabi PR, Lord J, Bindels LB, Targher G, Mahajan S, Baralle D, Calder PC, Byrne CD, Sethi JK. Markers of adipose tissue fibrogenesis associate with clinically significant liver fibrosis and are unchanged by synbiotic treatment in patients with NAFLD. Metabolism 2024; 151:155759. [PMID: 38101770 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) dysfunction contributes to NAFLD pathogenesis and may be influenced by the gut microbiota. Whether transcript profiles of SAT are associated with liver fibrosis and are influenced by synbiotic treatment (that changes the gut microbiome) is unknown. We investigated: (a) whether the presence of clinically significant, ≥F2 liver fibrosis associated with adipose tissue (AT) dysfunction, differential gene expression in SAT, and/or a marker of tissue fibrosis (Composite collagen gene expression (CCGE)); and (b) whether synbiotic treatment modified markers of AT dysfunction and the SAT transcriptome. METHODS Sixty-two patients with NAFLD (60 % men) were studied before and after 12 months of treatment with synbiotic or placebo and provided SAT samples. Vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE)-validated thresholds were used to assess liver fibrosis. RNA-sequencing and histological analysis of SAT were performed to determine differential gene expression, CCGE and the presence of collagen fibres. Regression modelling and receiver operator characteristic curve analysis were used to test associations with, and risk prediction for, ≥F2 liver fibrosis. RESULTS Patients with ≥F2 liver fibrosis (n = 24) had altered markers of AT dysfunction and a SAT gene expression signature characterised by enrichment of inflammatory and extracellular matrix-associated genes, compared to those with CONCLUSION A differential gene expression signature in SAT associates with ≥F2 liver fibrosis is explained by a measure of systemic insulin resistance and is not changed by synbiotic treatment. SAT CCGE values are a good predictor of ≥F2 liver fibrosis in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh Bilson
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Carolina J Oquendo
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - James Read
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Eleonora Scorletti
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK; Division of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Paul R Afolabi
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Jenny Lord
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Laure B Bindels
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UC Louvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Welbio department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
| | - Giovanni Targher
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Italy; Metabolic Diseases Unit, IRCCS Sacro Cuore - Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar di Valpolicella, Italy
| | - Sumeet Mahajan
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Diana Baralle
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Philip C Calder
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK; Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Christopher D Byrne
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.
| | - Jaswinder K Sethi
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK; Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
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Larsen JK, Kruse R, Sahebekhtiari N, Moreno-Justicia R, Gomez Jorba G, Petersen MH, de Almeida ME, Ørtenblad N, Deshmukh AS, Højlund K. High-throughput proteomics uncovers exercise training and type 2 diabetes-induced changes in human white adipose tissue. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi7548. [PMID: 38019916 PMCID: PMC10686561 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi7548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) is important for metabolic homeostasis. We established the differential proteomic signatures of WAT in glucose-tolerant lean and obese individuals and patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and the response to 8 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT). Using a high-throughput and reproducible mass spectrometry-based proteomics pipeline, we identified 3773 proteins and found that most regulated proteins displayed progression in markers of dysfunctional WAT from lean to obese to T2D individuals and were highly associated with clinical measures such as insulin sensitivity and HbA1c. We propose that these distinct markers could serve as potential clinical biomarkers. HIIT induced only minor changes in the WAT proteome. This included an increase in WAT ferritin levels independent of obesity and T2D, and WAT ferritin levels were strongly correlated with individual insulin sensitivity. Together, we report a proteomic signature of WAT related to obesity and T2D and highlight an unrecognized role of human WAT iron metabolism in exercise training adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeppe Kjærgaard Larsen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rikke Kruse
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Navid Sahebekhtiari
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Roger Moreno-Justicia
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gerard Gomez Jorba
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria H. Petersen
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Martin E. de Almeida
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Niels Ørtenblad
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Atul S. Deshmukh
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kurt Højlund
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
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Alvarez-Gallego F, González-Blázquez R, Gil-Ortega M, Somoza B, Calderón-Dominguez M, Moratinos J, Garcia-Garcia V, Fernández P, González-Moreno D, Viana M, Alcalá M. Angiotensin II type 2 receptor as a novel activator of brown adipose tissue in obesity. Biofactors 2023; 49:1106-1120. [PMID: 37286331 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) exerts vasorelaxant, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. In obesity, its activation counterbalances the adverse cardiovascular effects of angiotensin II mediated by the AT1R. Preliminary results indicate that it also promotes brown adipocyte differentiation in vitro. Our hypothesis is that AT2R activation could increase BAT mass and activity in obesity. Five-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed a standard or a high-fat (HF) diet for 6 weeks. Half of the animals were treated with compound 21 (C21), a selective AT2R agonist, (1 mg/kg/day) in the drinking water. Electron transport chain (ETC), oxidative phosphorylation, and UCP1 proteins were measured in the interscapular BAT (iBAT) and thoracic perivascular adipose tissue (tPVAT) as well as inflammatory and oxidative parameters. Differentiation and oxygen consumption rate (OCR) in the presence of C21 was tested in brown preadipocytes. In vitro, C21-differentiated brown adipocytes showed an AT2R-dependent increase of differentiation markers (Ucp1, Cidea, Pparg) and increased basal and H+ leak-linked OCR. In vivo, HF-C21 mice showed increased iBAT mass compared to HF animals. Both their iBAT and tPVAT showed higher protein levels of the ETC protein complexes and UCP1, together with a reduction of inflammatory and oxidative markers. The activation of the AT2R increases BAT mass, mitochondrial activity, and reduces markers of tissue inflammation and oxidative stress in obesity. Therefore, insulin reduction and better vascular responses are achieved. Thus, the activation of the protective arm of the renin-angiotensin system arises as a promising tool in the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Alvarez-Gallego
- Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Farmacia., Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel González-Blázquez
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Gil-Ortega
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Somoza
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Calderón-Dominguez
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz, Spain
- Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health Department, University of Cadiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Javier Moratinos
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada Nemesio Díez, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - Virginia Garcia-Garcia
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada Nemesio Díez, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Fernández
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada Nemesio Díez, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel González-Moreno
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Viana
- Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Farmacia., Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - Martín Alcalá
- Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Farmacia., Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
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Todosenko N, Khaziakhmatova O, Malashchenko V, Yurova K, Bograya M, Beletskaya M, Vulf M, Gazatova N, Litvinova L. Mitochondrial Dysfunction Associated with mtDNA in Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12012. [PMID: 37569389 PMCID: PMC10418437 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a precursor to the major health diseases associated with high mortality in industrialized countries: cardiovascular disease and diabetes. An important component of the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome is mitochondrial dysfunction, which is associated with tissue hypoxia, disruption of mitochondrial integrity, increased production of reactive oxygen species, and a decrease in ATP, leading to a chronic inflammatory state that affects tissues and organ systems. The mitochondrial AAA + protease Lon (Lonp1) has a broad spectrum of activities. In addition to its classical function (degradation of misfolded or damaged proteins), enzymatic activity (proteolysis, chaperone activity, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)binding) has been demonstrated. At the same time, the spectrum of Lonp1 activity extends to the regulation of cellular processes inside mitochondria, as well as outside mitochondria (nuclear localization). This mitochondrial protease with enzymatic activity may be a promising molecular target for the development of targeted therapy for MetS and its components. The aim of this review is to elucidate the role of mtDNA in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome and its components as a key component of mitochondrial dysfunction and to describe the promising and little-studied AAA + LonP1 protease as a potential target in metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Todosenko
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236001 Kaliningrad, Russia; (N.T.); (O.K.); (V.M.); (K.Y.); (M.B.); (M.B.); (M.V.); (N.G.)
| | - Olga Khaziakhmatova
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236001 Kaliningrad, Russia; (N.T.); (O.K.); (V.M.); (K.Y.); (M.B.); (M.B.); (M.V.); (N.G.)
| | - Vladimir Malashchenko
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236001 Kaliningrad, Russia; (N.T.); (O.K.); (V.M.); (K.Y.); (M.B.); (M.B.); (M.V.); (N.G.)
| | - Kristina Yurova
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236001 Kaliningrad, Russia; (N.T.); (O.K.); (V.M.); (K.Y.); (M.B.); (M.B.); (M.V.); (N.G.)
| | - Maria Bograya
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236001 Kaliningrad, Russia; (N.T.); (O.K.); (V.M.); (K.Y.); (M.B.); (M.B.); (M.V.); (N.G.)
| | - Maria Beletskaya
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236001 Kaliningrad, Russia; (N.T.); (O.K.); (V.M.); (K.Y.); (M.B.); (M.B.); (M.V.); (N.G.)
| | - Maria Vulf
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236001 Kaliningrad, Russia; (N.T.); (O.K.); (V.M.); (K.Y.); (M.B.); (M.B.); (M.V.); (N.G.)
| | - Natalia Gazatova
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236001 Kaliningrad, Russia; (N.T.); (O.K.); (V.M.); (K.Y.); (M.B.); (M.B.); (M.V.); (N.G.)
| | - Larisa Litvinova
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236001 Kaliningrad, Russia; (N.T.); (O.K.); (V.M.); (K.Y.); (M.B.); (M.B.); (M.V.); (N.G.)
- Laboratory of Cellular and Microfluidic Technologies, Siberian State Medical University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
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Krapf SA, Lund J, Bakke HG, Nyman TA, Bartesaghi S, Peng XR, Rustan AC, Thoresen GH, Kase ET. SENP2 knockdown in human adipocytes reduces glucose metabolism and lipid accumulation, while increases lipid oxidation. Metabol Open 2023; 18:100234. [PMID: 37013149 PMCID: PMC10066554 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2023.100234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is one of the main regulative sites for energy metabolism. Excess lipid storage and expansion of white adipose tissue (WAT) is the primary contributor to obesity, a strong predisposing factor for development of insulin resistance. Sentrin-specific protease (SENP) 2 has been shown to play a role in metabolism in murine fat and skeletal muscle cells, and we have previously demonstrated its role in energy metabolism of human skeletal muscle cells. In the present work, we have investigated the impact of SENP2 on fatty acid and glucose metabolism in primary human fat cells by using cultured primary human adipocytes to knock down the SENP2 gene. Glucose uptake and oxidation, as well as accumulation and distribution of oleic acid into complex lipids were decreased, while oleic acid oxidation was increased in SENP2-knockdown cells compared to control adipocytes. Furthermore, lipogenesis was reduced by SENP2-knockdown in adipocytes. Although TAG accumulation relative to total uptake was unchanged, there was increased mRNA expression of metabolically relevant genes such as UCP1 and PPARGC1A and mRNA and proteomic data revealed increased levels of mRNA and proteins related to mitochondrial function by SENP2-knockdown. In conclusion, SENP2 is an important regulator of energy metabolism in primary human adipocytes and its knockdown reduce glucose metabolism and lipid accumulation, while increasing lipid oxidation in human adipocytes.
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9
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Pafili K, Kahl S, Mastrototaro L, Strassburger K, Pesta D, Herder C, Pützer J, Dewidar B, Hendlinger M, Granata C, Saatmann N, Yavas A, Gancheva S, Heilmann G, Esposito I, Schlensak M, Roden M. Mitochondrial respiration is decreased in visceral but not subcutaneous adipose tissue in obese individuals with fatty liver disease. J Hepatol 2022; 77:1504-1514. [PMID: 35988689 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2022.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Adipose tissue dysfunction is involved in the development of insulin resistance and is responsible for excessive lipid delivery to other organs such as the liver. We tested the hypothesis that impaired mitochondrial function is a common feature of subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT), but may differently contribute to adipose tissue insulin resistance (IR) in obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) and steatohepatitis (NASH). METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed tissue-specific insulin sensitivity using stable isotope dilution and hyperinsulinemic-normoglycemic clamp tests. We also assessed mitochondrial respiration, mRNA and protein expression, and tissue morphology in biopsies of SAT and VAT from obese humans without NAFL, with NAFL or with NASH (n = 22/group). RESULTS Compared to individuals without liver disease, persons with NAFL and NASH had about 30% (p = 0.010) and 33% (p = 0.002) lower maximal mitochondrial respiration, respectively, in VAT, but not in SAT. The lower maximal mitochondrial respiration of VAT was associated with lower adipose tissue insulin sensitivity (β = 0.985, p = 0.041) and with increased VAT protein expression of tumor necrosis factor A across all groups (β = -0.085, p = 0.040). VAT from individuals with NASH was characterized by lower expression of oxidative phosphorylation complex IV (p = 0.042) and higher mRNA expression of the macrophage marker CD68 (p = 0.002) than VAT from participants without NAFL. CONCLUSIONS Humans with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease have distinct abnormalities of VAT energy metabolism, which correlate with adipose tissue dysfunction and may favor progression of NAFL to NASH. LAY SUMMARY Adipose tissue (commonly called body fat) can be found under the skin (subcutaneous) or around internal organs (visceral). Dysfunction of adipose tissue can cause insulin resistance and lead to excess delivery of fat to other organs such as the liver. Herein, we show that dysfunction specifically in visceral adipose tissue was associated with fatty liver disease. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER NCT01477957.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalliopi Pafili
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, 85764, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Kahl
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, 85764, München-Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lucia Mastrototaro
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, 85764, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Strassburger
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, 85764, München-Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dominik Pesta
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, 51147, Cologne, Germany; Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), University Hospital Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Christian Herder
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, 85764, München-Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jennifer Pützer
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, 85764, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Bedair Dewidar
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, 85764, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Mona Hendlinger
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, 85764, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Cesare Granata
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, 85764, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nina Saatmann
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, 85764, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Aslihan Yavas
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital and Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sofiya Gancheva
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, 85764, München-Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Geronimo Heilmann
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, 85764, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Irene Esposito
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital and Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Matthias Schlensak
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Neuwerk Hospital, 41066, Mönchengladbach, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, 85764, München-Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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10
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Black HS. A Synopsis of the Associations of Oxidative Stress, ROS, and Antioxidants with Diabetes Mellitus. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2003. [PMID: 36290725 PMCID: PMC9598123 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11102003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The Greek physician, Aretaios, coined the term "diabetes" in the 1st Century A.D. "Mellitus" arose from the observation that the urine exhibits a sweetness due to its elevated glucose levels. Diabetes mellitus (DM) accounted for 6.7 million deaths globally in 2021 with expenditures of USD 966 billion. Mortality is predicted to rise nearly 10-fold by 2030. Oxidative stress, an imbalance between the generation and removal of reactive oxygen species (ROS), is implicated in the pathophysiology of diabetes. Whereas ROS are generated in euglycemic, natural insulin-regulated glucose metabolism, levels are regulated by factors that regulate cellular respiration, e.g., the availability of NAD-linked substrates, succinate, and oxygen; and antioxidant enzymes that maintain the cellular redox balance. Only about 1-2% of total oxygen consumption results in the formation of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide under normal reduced conditions. However, under hyperglycemic conditions, about 10% of the respiratory oxygen consumed may be lost as free radicals. Under hyperglycemic conditions, the two-reaction polyol pathway is activated. Nearly 30% of blood glucose can flux through this pathway-a major path contributing to NADH/NAD+ redox imbalance. Under these conditions, protein glycation and lipid peroxidation increase, and inflammatory cytokines are formed, leading to the further formation of ROS. As mitochondria are the major site of intracellular ROS, these organelles are subject to the deleterious effects of ROS themselves and eventually become dysfunctional-a milestone in Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) of which insulin resistance and diabetes predispose to cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Homer S Black
- Department of Dermatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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11
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Bharath LP, Hart SN, Nikolajczyk BS. T-cell Metabolism as Interpreted in Obesity-associated Inflammation. Endocrinology 2022; 163:6657752. [PMID: 35932471 PMCID: PMC9756079 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The appreciation of metabolic regulation of T-cell function has exploded over the past decade, as has our understanding of how inflammation fuels comorbidities of obesity, including type 2 diabetes. The likelihood that obesity fundamentally alters T-cell metabolism and thus chronic obesity-associated inflammation is high, but studies testing causal relationships remain underrepresented. We searched PubMed for key words including mitochondria, obesity, T cell, type 2 diabetes, cristae, fission, fusion, redox, and reactive oxygen species to identify foundational and more recent studies that address these topics or cite foundational work. We investigated primary papers cited by reviews found in these searches and highlighted recent work with >100 citations to illustrate the state of the art in understanding mechanisms that control metabolism and thus function of various T-cell subsets in obesity. However, "popularity" of a paper over the first 5 years after publication cannot assess long-term impact; thus, some likely important work with fewer citations is also highlighted. We feature studies of human cells, supplementing with studies from animal models that suggest future directions for human cell research. This approach identified gaps in the literature that will need to be filled before we can estimate efficacy of mitochondria-targeted drugs in clinical trials to alleviate pathogenesis of obesity-associated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena P Bharath
- Department of Nutrition and Public Health, Merrimack College, North Andover, MA 01845, USA
| | - Samantha N Hart
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Barbara S Nikolajczyk
- Correspondence: Barbara S. Nikolajczyk, PhD, Healthy Kentucky Research Bldg. Rm. 217, 760 Press Ave, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
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12
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High fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia and tissue steatosis in rabbits through modulating ileal microbiota. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:7187-7207. [PMID: 36173452 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12203-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
High-fat diet (HFD) and overnutrition are important starting factors that may alter intestinal microbiota, lipid metabolism, and systemic inflammation. However, there were few studies on how intestinal microbiota contributes to tissue steatosis and hyperlipidemia. Here, we investigated the effect of lipid metabolism disorder-induced inflammation via toll-like receptor 2 (TLR-2), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4), and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathways at the intestinal level in response to HFD. Twenty 80-day-old male New Zealand White rabbits were randomly divided into the normal diet group (NDG) and the high-fat diet group (HDG) for 80 days. Growth performance, blood biochemical parameters, lipid metabolism, inflammation, degree of tissue steatosis, and intestinal microbial composition were measured. HFD increased the relative abundance of Christensenellaceae_R_7_group, Marvinbryantia, Akkermansia etc., with a reduced relative abundance of Enterorhabdus and Lactobacillus. Moreover, HFD caused steatosis in the liver and abdominal fat and abnormal expression of some genes related to lipid metabolism and tight junction proteins. The TLR-2, TLR-4, NF-κB, TNF-α, and IL-6 were confirmed by overexpression with downregulation of IL-10. Serum biochemical indices (TG, TCHO, LDL-C, and HDL-C) were also increased, indicating evidence for the development of the hyperlipidemia model. Correlation analysis showed that this microbial dysbiosis was correlated with lipid metabolism and inflammation, which were associated with the intestinal tract's barrier function and hyperlipidemia. These results provide an insight into the relationship between HFD, the intestinal microbiota, intestinal barrier, tissue inflammation, lipid metabolism, and hyperlipidemia. KEY POINTS: • High-fat diet leads to ileal microbiota disorders • Ileal microbiota mediates local and systemic lipid metabolism disorders and inflammation • There is a specific link between ileal microbiota, histopathology, and hyperlipidemia.
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13
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Simon L, Molina PE. Cellular Bioenergetics: Experimental Evidence for Alcohol-induced Adaptations. FUNCTION 2022; 3:zqac039. [PMID: 36120487 PMCID: PMC9469757 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqac039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
At-risk alcohol use is associated with multisystemic effects and end-organ injury, and significantly contributes to global health burden. Several alcohol-mediated mechanisms have been identified, with bioenergetic maladaptation gaining credence as an underlying pathophysiological mechanism contributing to cellular injury. This evidence-based review focuses on the current knowledge of alcohol-induced bioenergetic adaptations in metabolically active tissues: liver, cardiac and skeletal muscle, pancreas, and brain. Alcohol metabolism itself significantly interferes with bioenergetic pathways in tissues, particularly the liver. Alcohol decreases states of respiration in the electron transport chain, and activity and expression of respiratory complexes, with a net effect to decrease ATP content. In addition, alcohol dysregulates major metabolic pathways, including glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and fatty acid oxidation. These bioenergetic alterations are influenced by alcohol-mediated changes in mitochondrial morphology, biogenesis, and dynamics. The review highlights similarities and differences in bioenergetic adaptations according to tissue type, pattern of (acute vs. chronic) alcohol use, and energy substrate availability. The compromised bioenergetics synergizes with other critical pathophysiological mechanisms, including increased oxidative stress and accelerates cellular dysfunction, promoting senescence, programmed cell death, and end-organ injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liz Simon
- Department of Physiology and Comprehensive Alcohol-HIV/AIDS Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1901 Perdido Street, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Patricia E Molina
- Department of Physiology and Comprehensive Alcohol-HIV/AIDS Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1901 Perdido Street, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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14
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Heras-Molina A, Núñez Y, Benítez R, Pesántez-Pacheco JL, García-Contreras C, Vázquez-Gómez M, Astiz S, Isabel B, González-Bulnes A, Óvilo C. Hypothalamic transcriptome analysis reveals male-specific differences in molecular pathways related to oxidative phosphorylation between Iberian pig genotypes. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272775. [PMID: 35972914 PMCID: PMC9380940 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamus is implicated in controlling feeding and adiposity, besides many other physiological functions, and thus can be of great importance in explaining productive differences between lean and fatty pig breeds. The present study aimed to evaluate the hypothalamic transcriptome of pure Iberian (IBxIB) and Large White x Iberian crossbreds (IBxLW) at 60 days-old, produced in a single maternal environment. Results showed the implication of gender and genotype in the hypothalamic transcriptome, with 51 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between genotypes and 10 DEGs between genders. Fourteen genotype by sex interactions were found, due to a higher genotype effect on transcriptome found in males. In fact, just 31 DEGs were identified when using only females but 158 using only males. A higher expression of genes related to mitochondrial activity in IBxIB male animals (ND3, ND4, ND5, UQCRC2 and ATP6) was found, which was related to a higher oxidative phosphorylation and greater reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide production. IBxLW male animals showed higher expression of SIRT3 regulator, also related to mitochondrial function. When females were analysed, such differences were not found, since only some differences in genes related to the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Thus, the results indicate a significant effect and interaction of the breed and the sex on the hypothalamic transcriptome at this early age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Heras-Molina
- Department of Animal Breeding, INIA-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Animal Production, Veterinary Faculty, UCM, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Yolanda Núñez
- Department of Animal Breeding, INIA-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rita Benítez
- Department of Animal Breeding, INIA-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Pesántez-Pacheco
- Department of Animal Reproduction, INIA-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, UC, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | | | - Marta Vázquez-Gómez
- Department of Animal Production, Veterinary Faculty, UCM, Madrid, Spain
- Nutrition and Obesities: Systemic Approaches Research Unit (NutriOmics), INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Susana Astiz
- Department of Animal Reproduction, INIA-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Isabel
- Department of Animal Production, Veterinary Faculty, UCM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio González-Bulnes
- Department of Animal Reproduction, INIA-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Animal Production, Veterinary Faculty, UCH-CEU, Valencia, Spain
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15
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Sabaratnam R, Skov V, Paulsen SK, Juhl S, Kruse R, Hansen T, Halkier C, Kristensen JM, Vind BF, Richelsen B, Knudsen S, Dahlgaard J, Beck-Nielsen H, Kruse TA, Højlund K. A Signature of Exaggerated Adipose Tissue Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes Is Linked to Low Plasma Adiponectin and Increased Transcriptional Activation of Proteasomal Degradation in Muscle. Cells 2022; 11:cells11132005. [PMID: 35805088 PMCID: PMC9265693 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance in skeletal muscle in type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by more pronounced metabolic and molecular defects than in obesity per se. There is increasing evidence that adipose tissue dysfunction contributes to obesity-induced insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. Here, we used an unbiased approach to examine if adipose tissue dysfunction is exaggerated in T2D and linked to diabetes-related mechanisms of insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. Transcriptional profiling and biological pathways analysis were performed in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and skeletal muscle biopsies from 17 patients with T2D and 19 glucose-tolerant, age and weight-matched obese controls. Findings were validated by qRT-PCR and western blotting of selected genes and proteins. Patients with T2D were more insulin resistant and had lower plasma adiponectin than obese controls. Transcriptional profiling showed downregulation of genes involved in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and the tricarboxylic-acid cycle and increased expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) genes in SAT in T2D, whereas genes involved in proteasomal degradation were upregulated in the skeletal muscle in T2D. qRT-PCR confirmed most of these findings and showed lower expression of adiponectin in SAT and higher expression of myostatin in muscle in T2D. Interestingly, muscle expression of proteasomal genes correlated positively with SAT expression of ECM genes but inversely with the expression of ADIPOQ in SAT and plasma adiponectin. Protein content of proteasomal subunits and major ubiquitin ligases were unaltered in the skeletal muscle of patients with T2D. A transcriptional signature of exaggerated adipose tissue dysfunction in T2D, compared with obesity alone, is linked to low plasma adiponectin and increased transcriptional activation of proteasomal degradation in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rugivan Sabaratnam
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark; (R.S.); (S.J.); (R.K.); (J.M.K.); (B.F.V.); (H.B.-N.)
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark; (T.H.); (C.H.)
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Vibe Skov
- Department of Hematology, Zealand University Hospital, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark;
| | - Søren K. Paulsen
- Department of Pathology, Viborg Regional Hospital, DK-8800 Viborg, Denmark;
| | - Stine Juhl
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark; (R.S.); (S.J.); (R.K.); (J.M.K.); (B.F.V.); (H.B.-N.)
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark; (T.H.); (C.H.)
| | - Rikke Kruse
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark; (R.S.); (S.J.); (R.K.); (J.M.K.); (B.F.V.); (H.B.-N.)
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark; (T.H.); (C.H.)
| | - Thea Hansen
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark; (T.H.); (C.H.)
| | - Cecilie Halkier
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark; (T.H.); (C.H.)
| | - Jonas M. Kristensen
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark; (R.S.); (S.J.); (R.K.); (J.M.K.); (B.F.V.); (H.B.-N.)
- Molecular Physiology Section, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birgitte F. Vind
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark; (R.S.); (S.J.); (R.K.); (J.M.K.); (B.F.V.); (H.B.-N.)
| | - Bjørn Richelsen
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark;
| | - Steen Knudsen
- Allarity Therapeutics Europe, DK-2970 Hørsholm, Denmark;
| | - Jesper Dahlgaard
- Program for Mind and Body in Mental Health, Research Centre for Health and Welfare Technology, VIA University College, DK-8200 Aarhus, Denmark;
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, DK-8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Henning Beck-Nielsen
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark; (R.S.); (S.J.); (R.K.); (J.M.K.); (B.F.V.); (H.B.-N.)
| | - Torben A. Kruse
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark;
| | - Kurt Højlund
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark; (R.S.); (S.J.); (R.K.); (J.M.K.); (B.F.V.); (H.B.-N.)
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark; (T.H.); (C.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +45-2532-0648
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16
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Influence of NAFLD and bariatric surgery on hepatic and adipose tissue mitochondrial biogenesis and respiration. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2931. [PMID: 35614135 PMCID: PMC9132900 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30629-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in liver tissue has been hypothesised to contribute to the development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). It is unknown whether OXPHOS capacities in human visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) associate with NAFLD severity and how hepatic OXPHOS responds to improvement in NAFLD. In biopsies sampled from 62 patients with obesity undergoing bariatric surgery and nine control subjects without obesity we demonstrate that OXPHOS is reduced in VAT and SAT while increased in the liver in patients with obesity when compared with control subjects without obesity, but this was independent of NAFLD severity. In repeat liver biopsy sampling in 21 patients with obesity 12 months after bariatric surgery we found increased hepatic OXPHOS capacity and mitochondrial DNA/nuclear DNA content compared with baseline. In this work we show that obesity has an opposing association with mitochondrial respiration in adipose- and liver tissue with no overall association with NAFLD severity, however, bariatric surgery increases hepatic OXPHOS and mitochondrial biogenesis. Impaired mitochondrial function in liver tissue may contribute to the pathogenesis and disease progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Here the authors report that patients with obesity have lower mitochondrial capacity in adipose tissues but higher capacity in the liver, without overall associations to NAFLD severity, and that bariatric surgery increases hepatic mitochondrial respiration and mitochondrial biogenesis.
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17
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Choi KM, Ryan KK, Yoon JC. Adipose Mitochondrial Complex I Deficiency Modulates Inflammation and Glucose Homeostasis in a Sex-Dependent Manner. Endocrinology 2022; 163:6529386. [PMID: 35171275 PMCID: PMC8900697 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction in adipose tissue has been associated with type 2 diabetes, but it is unclear whether it is a cause or the consequence. Mitochondrial complex I is a major site of reactive oxygen species generation and a therapeutic target. Here we report that genetic deletion of the complex I subunit Ndufs4 specifically in adipose tissue results in an increased propensity to develop diet-induced weight gain, glucose intolerance, and elevated levels of fat inflammatory genes. This outcome is apparent in young males but not in young females, suggesting that females are relatively protected from the adverse consequences of adipose mitochondrial dysfunction for metabolic health. Mutant mice of both sexes exhibit defects in brown adipose tissue thermogenesis. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) signaling in adipose tissue is selectively blunted in male mutant mice relative to wild-type littermates, consistent with sex-dependent regulation of its autocrine/paracrine action in adipocytes. Together, these findings support that adipocyte-specific mitochondrial dysfunction is sufficient to induce tissue inflammation and can cause systemic glucose abnormalities in male mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Mi Choi
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Karen K Ryan
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, College of Biological Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - John C Yoon
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Correspondence: John C. Yoon, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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18
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Bean C, Audano M, Varanita T, Favaretto F, Medaglia M, Gerdol M, Pernas L, Stasi F, Giacomello M, Herkenne S, Muniandy M, Heinonen S, Cazaly E, Ollikainen M, Milan G, Pallavicini A, Pietiläinen KH, Vettor R, Mitro N, Scorrano L. The mitochondrial protein Opa1 promotes adipocyte browning that is dependent on urea cycle metabolites. Nat Metab 2021; 3:1633-1647. [PMID: 34873337 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-021-00497-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
White to brown/beige adipocytes conversion is a possible therapeutic strategy to tackle the current obesity epidemics. While mitochondria are key for energy dissipation in brown fat, it is unknown if they can drive adipocyte browning. Here, we show that the mitochondrial cristae biogenesis protein optic atrophy 1 (Opa1) facilitates cell-autonomous adipocyte browning. In two cohorts of patients with obesity, including weight discordant monozygotic twin pairs, adipose tissue OPA1 levels are reduced. In the mouse, Opa1 overexpression favours white adipose tissue expandability as well as browning, ultimately improving glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. Transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses identify the Jumanji family chromatin remodelling protein Kdm3a and urea cycle metabolites, including fumarate, as effectors of Opa1-dependent browning. Mechanistically, the higher cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels in Opa1 pre-adipocytes activate cAMP-responsive element binding protein (CREB), which transcribes urea cycle enzymes. Flux analyses in pre-adipocytes indicate that Opa1-dependent fumarate accumulation depends on the urea cycle. Conversely, adipocyte-specific Opa1 deletion curtails urea cycle and beige differentiation of pre-adipocytes, and is rescued by fumarate supplementation. Thus, the urea cycle links the mitochondrial dynamics protein Opa1 to white adipocyte browning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Bean
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Matteo Audano
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Tatiana Varanita
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Marta Medaglia
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Gerdol
- Department of Life Science, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Lena Pernas
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Fabio Stasi
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Stèphanie Herkenne
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Maheswary Muniandy
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sini Heinonen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Emma Cazaly
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Miina Ollikainen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Kirsi H Pietiläinen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Obesity Centre, Abdominal Centre, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Roberto Vettor
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Nico Mitro
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Scorrano
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy.
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Xue Y, Yin Y, Trabi EB, Xie F, Lin L, Mao S. Transcriptome analysis reveals the effect of high-grain pelleted and non-pelleted diets on ruminal epithelium of Hu-lamb. Animal 2021; 15:100278. [PMID: 34126388 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2021.100278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
High-grain non-pelleted (HG) and high-grain pelleted (HP) diets are becoming prevalent for ruminant feeding in intensive farms. However, rare information is about their effect on sheep and the comparison between these two kinds of diets. The current study investigated how HG and HP diets affected the transcriptome profiles of rumen epithelium in Hu-lamb. Fifteen male Hu-lambs were assigned randomly to three groups (n = 5 for each group). Lambs in the control (CON), HG, and HP groups were fed with low-grain non-pelleted diet (30% grain), HG diet (70% grain), and HP diet (70% grain), respectively, for 42 days. All these lambs were slaughtered to collect ruminal epithelium samples for transcriptome analysis. Results showed both HG and HP diets obviously changed the transcriptome profiles, and 192, 319, and three differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified for CON_HG, CON_HP, and HG_HP comparisons, respectively. Clusters of orthologous group functional classification of CON_HG and CON_HP DEG datasets both showed the enrichments of DEGs in pathways involved in protein biogenesis and modification as well as energy production and conversion. Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway analysis of CON_HG and CON_HP DEG datasets both displayed the enrichments of DEGs in ribosome and oxidative phosphorylation. Almost all these DEGs involved in translation and ribosomal structure and biogenesis as well as oxidative phosphorylation were downregulated in the HG and HP groups compared to the CON group. Furthermore, CON_HP comparison demonstrated more DEGs related to these two pathways than CON_HG comparison. In conclusion, both HG and HP diets inhibited energy production and conversion as well as protein synthesis and modification in ruminal epithelium. HP diet showed lower growth benefits, induced severer rumen acidosis, and more seriously inhibited energy production and protein synthesis as compared to HG diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Xue
- Centre for Ruminant Nutrition and Feed Technology Research, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Jilin Inter-Regional Cooperation Centre for the Scientific and Technological Innovation of Ruminant Precision Nutrition and Smart and Ecological Farming, 132109 Jilin, China
| | - Y Yin
- Huzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - E B Trabi
- Centre for Ruminant Nutrition and Feed Technology Research, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Jilin Inter-Regional Cooperation Centre for the Scientific and Technological Innovation of Ruminant Precision Nutrition and Smart and Ecological Farming, 132109 Jilin, China
| | - F Xie
- Centre for Ruminant Nutrition and Feed Technology Research, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Jilin Inter-Regional Cooperation Centre for the Scientific and Technological Innovation of Ruminant Precision Nutrition and Smart and Ecological Farming, 132109 Jilin, China
| | - L Lin
- Centre for Ruminant Nutrition and Feed Technology Research, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Jilin Inter-Regional Cooperation Centre for the Scientific and Technological Innovation of Ruminant Precision Nutrition and Smart and Ecological Farming, 132109 Jilin, China
| | - S Mao
- Centre for Ruminant Nutrition and Feed Technology Research, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Jilin Inter-Regional Cooperation Centre for the Scientific and Technological Innovation of Ruminant Precision Nutrition and Smart and Ecological Farming, 132109 Jilin, China.
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20
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Lee JH, Jung SB, Lee SE, Kim JE, Kim JT, Kang YE, Kang SG, Yi HS, Ko YB, Lee KH, Ku BJ, Shong M, Kim HJ. Expression of LONP1 Is High in Visceral Adipose Tissue in Obesity, and Is Associated with Glucose and Lipid Metabolism. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2021; 36:661-671. [PMID: 34154043 PMCID: PMC8258340 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2021.1023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nature and role of the mitochondrial stress response in adipose tissue in relation to obesity are not yet known. To determine whether the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) in adipose tissue is associated with obesity in humans and rodents. METHODS Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) was obtained from 48 normoglycemic women who underwent surgery. Expression levels of mRNA and proteins were measured for mitochondrial chaperones, intrinsic proteases, and components of electron-transport chains. Furthermore, we systematically analyzed metabolic phenotypes with a large panel of isogenic BXD inbred mouse strains and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) data. RESULTS In VAT, expression of mitochondrial chaperones and intrinsic proteases localized in inner and outer mitochondrial membranes was not associated with body mass index (BMI), except for the Lon protease homolog, mitochondrial, and the corresponding gene LONP1, which showed high-level expression in the VAT of overweight or obese individuals. Expression of LONP1 in VAT positively correlated with BMI. Analysis of the GTEx database revealed that elevation of LONP1 expression is associated with enhancement of genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism in VAT. Mice with higher Lonp1 expression in adipose tissue had better systemic glucose metabolism than mice with lower Lonp1 expression. CONCLUSION Expression of mitochondrial LONP1, which is involved in the mitochondrial quality control stress response, was elevated in the VAT of obese individuals. In a bioinformatics analysis, high LONP1 expression in VAT was associated with enhanced glucose and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hee Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon,
Korea
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon,
Korea
| | - Saet-Byel Jung
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon,
Korea
| | - Seong Eun Lee
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon,
Korea
| | - Ji Eun Kim
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon,
Korea
| | - Jung Tae Kim
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon,
Korea
| | - Yea Eun Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon,
Korea
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon,
Korea
| | - Seul Gi Kang
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon,
Korea
| | - Hyon-Seung Yi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon,
Korea
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon,
Korea
| | - Young Bok Ko
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon,
Korea
| | - Ki Hwan Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon,
Korea
| | - Bon Jeong Ku
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon,
Korea
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon,
Korea
| | - Minho Shong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon,
Korea
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon,
Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon,
Korea
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon,
Korea
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21
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Bjørklund G, Tippairote T, Dadar M, Lizcano F, Aaseth J, Borisova O. The Roles of Dietary, Nutritional and Lifestyle Interventions in Adipose Tissue Adaptation and Obesity. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:1683-1702. [PMID: 32368968 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200505090449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The obesity and the associated non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are globally increasing in their prevalence. While the modern-day lifestyle required less ventilation of metabolic energy through muscular activities, this lifestyle transition also provided the unlimited accession to foods around the clock, which prolong the daily eating period of foods that contained high calorie and high glycemic load. These situations promote the high continuous flux of carbon substrate availability in mitochondria and induce the indecisive bioenergetic switches. The disrupted bioenergetic milieu increases the uncoupling respiration due to the excess flow of the substrate-derived reducing equivalents and reduces ubiquinones into the respiratory chain. The diversion of the uncoupling proton gradient through adipocyte thermogenesis will then alleviate the damaging effects of free radicals to mitochondria and other organelles. The adaptive induction of white adipose tissues (WAT) to beige adipose tissues (beAT) has shown beneficial effects on glucose oxidation, ROS protection and mitochondrial function preservation through the uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1)-independent thermogenesis of beAT. However, the maladaptive stage can eventually initiate with the persistent unhealthy lifestyles. Under this metabolic gridlock, the low oxygen and pro-inflammatory environments promote the adipose breakdown with sequential metabolic dysregulation, including insulin resistance, systemic inflammation and clinical NCDs progression. It is unlikely that a single intervention can reverse all these complex interactions. A comprehensive protocol that includes dietary, nutritional and all modifiable lifestyle interventions, can be the preferable choice to decelerate, stop, or reverse the NCDs pathophysiologic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine (CONEM), Mo i Rana, Norway
| | - Torsak Tippairote
- Doctor of Philosophy Program in Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital and Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Maryam Dadar
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | | | - Jan Aaseth
- Research Department, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Brumunddal, Norway
| | - Olga Borisova
- Odesa I. I. Mechnikov National University, Odessa, Ukraine
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22
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Different Expression of Mitochondrial and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Genes in Epicardial Adipose Tissue Depends on Coronary Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094538. [PMID: 33926122 PMCID: PMC8123607 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of our study was to analyze mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) gene expression profiles in subcutaneous (SAT) and epicardial (EAT) adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and myocardium in patients with and without CAD undergoing elective cardiac surgery. Thirty-eight patients, 27 with (CAD group) and 11 without CAD (noCAD group), undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting and/or valvular surgery were included in the study. EAT, SAT, intercostal skeletal muscle, and right atrium tissue and blood samples were collected at the start and end of surgery; mRNA expression of selected mitochondrial and ER stress genes was assessed using qRT-PCR. The presence of CAD was associated with decreased mRNA expression of most of the investigated mitochondrial respiratory chain genes in EAT, while no such changes were seen in SAT or other tissues. In contrast, the expression of ER stress genes did not differ between the CAD and noCAD groups in almost any tissue. Cardiac surgery further augmented mitochondrial dysfunction in EAT. In our study, CAD was associated with decreased expression of mitochondrial, but not endoplasmic reticulum stress genes in EAT. These changes may contribute to the acceleration of coronary atherosclerosis.
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23
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Cox AR, Chernis N, Bader DA, Saha PK, Masschelin PM, Felix JB, Sharp R, Lian Z, Putluri V, Rajapakshe K, Kim KH, Villareal DT, Armamento-Villareal R, Wu H, Coarfa C, Putluri N, Hartig SM. STAT1 Dissociates Adipose Tissue Inflammation From Insulin Sensitivity in Obesity. Diabetes 2020; 69:2630-2641. [PMID: 32994273 PMCID: PMC7679774 DOI: 10.2337/db20-0384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity fosters low-grade inflammation in white adipose tissue (WAT) that may contribute to the insulin resistance that characterizes type 2 diabetes. However, the causal relationship of these events remains unclear. The established dominance of STAT1 function in the immune response suggests an obligate link between inflammation and the comorbidities of obesity. To this end, we sought to determine how STAT1 activity in white adipocytes affects insulin sensitivity. STAT1 expression in WAT inversely correlated with fasting plasma glucose in both obese mice and humans. Metabolomic and gene expression profiling established STAT1 deletion in adipocytes (STAT1 a-KO ) enhanced mitochondrial function and accelerated tricarboxylic acid cycle flux coupled with reduced fat cell size in subcutaneous WAT depots. STAT1 a-KO reduced WAT inflammation, but insulin resistance persisted in obese mice. Rather, elimination of type I cytokine interferon-γ activity enhanced insulin sensitivity in diet-induced obesity. Our findings reveal a permissive mechanism that bridges WAT inflammation to whole-body insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron R Cox
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Natasha Chernis
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - David A Bader
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Pradip K Saha
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Peter M Masschelin
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Jessica B Felix
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Robert Sharp
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Zeqin Lian
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Vasanta Putluri
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Advanced Technology Cores, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Kimal Rajapakshe
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Advanced Technology Cores, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Kang Ho Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Dennis T Villareal
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX
| | - Reina Armamento-Villareal
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX
| | - Huaizhu Wu
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Advanced Technology Cores, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Nagireddy Putluri
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Advanced Technology Cores, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Sean M Hartig
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
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24
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DeBarmore B, Longchamps RJ, Zhang Y, Kalyani RR, Guallar E, Arking DE, Selvin E, Young JH. Mitochondrial DNA copy number and diabetes: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2020; 8:8/1/e001204. [PMID: 32801120 PMCID: PMC7430458 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA-CN) is a measure of mitochondrial dysfunction and is associated with diabetes in experimental models. To explore the temporality of mitochondrial dysfunction and diabetes, we estimated the prevalent and incident association of mtDNA-CN and diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We assessed the associations of mtDNA-CN measured from buffy coat with prevalent and incident diabetes, stratified by race, in 8954 white and 2444 black participants in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study, an observational cohort study. Follow-up for incident analyses was complete through visit 6, 2016. RESULTS Mean age at mtDNA-CN measurement was 57 years and 59% were female. Prevalence of diabetes at time of mtDNA-CN measurement was higher in blacks (563/2444, 23%) than whites (855/8954, 10%). The fully adjusted odds of prevalent diabetes for the 10th vs 90th percentile of mtDNA-CN was 1.05 (95% CI 0.74 to 1.49) among black and 1.49 (95% CI 1.20 to 1.85) among white participants. Over a median follow-up time of 19 years (Q1, Q3: 11, 24 years), we observed 617 incident diabetes cases among 1744 black and 2121 cases among 7713 white participants free of diabetes at baseline. The fully adjusted hazard of incident diabetes for the 10th vs 90th percentile of mtDNA-CN was 1.07 (95% CI 0.84 to 1.38) among black and 0.97 (95% CI 0.86 to 1.10) among white participants. CONCLUSIONS Lower mtDNA-CN in buffy coat was associated with prevalent diabetes in white but not black ARIC participants. Lower mtDNA-CN was not associated with incident diabetes over 20 years of follow-up in whites or blacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailey DeBarmore
- Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ryan J Longchamps
- Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yiyi Zhang
- Epidemiology, JHSPH Welch Center for Prevention Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rita R Kalyani
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Eliseo Guallar
- Epidemiology, JHSPH Welch Center for Prevention Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Dan E Arking
- Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Elizabeth Selvin
- Epidemiology, JHSPH Welch Center for Prevention Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - J Hunter Young
- Epidemiology, JHSPH Welch Center for Prevention Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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25
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Increased mitochondrial respiration of adipocytes from metabolically unhealthy obese compared to healthy obese individuals. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12407. [PMID: 32709986 PMCID: PMC7382448 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69016-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Among obese subjects, metabolically healthy (MHO) and unhealthy obese (MUHO) subjects exist, the latter being characterized by whole-body insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, and subclinical inflammation. Insulin resistance and obesity are known to associate with alterations in mitochondrial density, morphology, and function. Therefore, we assessed mitochondrial function in human subcutaneous preadipocytes as well as in differentiated adipocytes derived from well-matched donors. Primary subcutaneous preadipocytes from 4 insulin-resistant (MUHO) versus 4 insulin-sensitive (MHO), non-diabetic, morbidly obese Caucasians (BMI > 40 kg/m2), matched for sex, age, BMI, and percentage of body fat, were differentiated in vitro to adipocytes. Real-time cellular respiration was measured using an XF24 Extracellular Flux Analyzer (Seahorse). Lipolysis was stimulated by forskolin (FSK) treatment. Mitochondrial respiration was fourfold higher in adipocytes versus preadipocytes (p = 1.6*10–9). In adipocytes, a negative correlation of mitochondrial respiration with donors’ insulin sensitivity was shown (p = 0.0008). Correspondingly, in adipocytes of MUHO subjects, an increased basal respiration (p = 0.002), higher proton leak (p = 0.04), elevated ATP production (p = 0.01), increased maximal respiration (p = 0.02), and higher spare respiratory capacity (p = 0.03) were found, compared to MHO. After stimulation with FSK, the differences in ATP production, maximal respiration and spare respiratory capacity were blunted. The differences in mitochondrial respiration between MUHO/MHO were not due to altered mitochondrial content, fuel switch, or lipid metabolism. Thus, despite the insulin resistance of MUHO, we could clearly show an elevated mitochondrial respiration of MUHO adipocytes. We suggest that the higher mitochondrial respiration reflects a compensatory mechanism to cope with insulin resistance and its consequences. Preserving this state of compensation might be an attractive goal for preventing or delaying the transition from insulin resistance to overt diabetes.
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26
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Choi MJ, Jung SB, Lee SE, Kang SG, Lee JH, Ryu MJ, Chung HK, Chang JY, Kim YK, Hong HJ, Kim H, Kim HJ, Lee CH, Mardinoglu A, Yi HS, Shong M. An adipocyte-specific defect in oxidative phosphorylation increases systemic energy expenditure and protects against diet-induced obesity in mouse models. Diabetologia 2020; 63:837-852. [PMID: 31925461 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-019-05082-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) is essential for energy production and survival. However, the tissue-specific and systemic metabolic effects of OxPhos function in adipocytes remain incompletely understood. METHODS We used adipocyte-specific Crif1 (also known as Gadd45gip1) knockout (AdKO) mice with decreased adipocyte OxPhos function. AdKO mice fed a normal chow or high-fat diet were evaluated for glucose homeostasis, weight gain and energy expenditure (EE). RNA sequencing of adipose tissues was used to identify the key mitokines affected in AdKO mice, which included fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15). For in vitro analysis, doxycycline was used to pharmacologically decrease OxPhos in 3T3L1 adipocytes. To identify the effects of GDF15 and FGF21 on the metabolic phenotype of AdKO mice, we generated AdKO mice with global Gdf15 knockout (AdGKO) or global Fgf21 knockout (AdFKO). RESULTS Under high-fat diet conditions, AdKO mice were resistant to weight gain and exhibited higher EE and improved glucose tolerance. In vitro pharmacological and in vivo genetic inhibition of OxPhos in adipocytes significantly upregulated mitochondrial unfolded protein response-related genes and secretion of mitokines such as GDF15 and FGF21. We evaluated the metabolic phenotypes of AdGKO and AdFKO mice, revealing that GDF15 and FGF21 differentially regulated energy homeostasis in AdKO mice. Both mitokines had beneficial effects on obesity and insulin resistance in the context of decreased adipocyte OxPhos, but only GDF15 regulated EE in AdKO mice. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The present study demonstrated that the adipose tissue adaptive mitochondrial stress response affected systemic energy homeostasis via cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous pathways. We identified novel roles for adipose OxPhos and adipo-mitokines in the regulation of systemic glucose homeostasis and EE, which facilitated adaptation of an organism to local mitochondrial stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jeong Choi
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, South Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Saet-Byel Jung
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, South Korea
| | - Seong Eun Lee
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, South Korea
| | - Seul Gi Kang
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, South Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Ju Hee Lee
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, 35015, South Korea
| | - Min Jeong Ryu
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hyo Kyun Chung
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, South Korea
| | - Joon Young Chang
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, South Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Yong Kyung Kim
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, South Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Hong
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, South Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hail Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Kim
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, 35015, South Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Lee
- Animal Model Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Adil Mardinoglu
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Hyon-Seung Yi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, 35015, South Korea.
| | - Minho Shong
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, South Korea.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, 35015, South Korea.
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27
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Chen Y, Cai GH, Xia B, Wang X, Zhang CC, Xie BC, Shi XC, Liu H, Lu JF, Zhang RX, Zhu MQ, Liu M, Yang SZ, Yang Zhang D, Chu XY, Khan R, Wang YL, Wu JW. Mitochondrial aconitase controls adipogenesis through mediation of cellular ATP production. FASEB J 2020; 34:6688-6702. [PMID: 32212192 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201903224rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial aconitase (Aco2) catalyzes the conversion of citrate to isocitrate in the TCA cycle, which produces NADH and FADH2, driving synthesis of ATP through OXPHOS. In this study, to explore the relationship between adipogenesis and mitochondrial energy metabolism, we hypothesize that Aco2 may play a key role in the lipid synthesis. Here, we show that overexpression of Aco2 in 3T3-L1 cells significantly increased lipogenesis and adipogenesis, accompanied by elevated mitochondrial biogenesis and ATP production. However, when ATP is depleted by rotenone, an inhibitor of the respiratory chain, the promotive role of Aco2 in adipogenesis is abolished. In contrast to Aco2 overexpression, deficiency of Aco2 markedly reduced lipogenesis and adipogenesis, along with the decreased mitochondrial biogenesis and ATP production. Supplementation of isocitrate efficiently rescued the inhibitory effect of Aco2 deficiency. Similarly, the restorative effect of isocitrate was abolished in the presence of rotenone. Together, these results show that Aco2 sustains normal adipogenesis through mediating ATP production, revealing a potential mechanistic link between TCA cycle enzyme and lipid synthesis. Our work suggest that regulation of adipose tissue mitochondria function may be a potential way for combating abnormal adipogenesis related diseases such as obesity and lipodystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Guo He Cai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Bo Xia
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Cong Cong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Bao Cai Xie
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiao Chen Shi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jun Feng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Rui Xin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Meng Qing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Shi Zhen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Dan Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xin Yi Chu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Rajwali Khan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yong Liang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jiang Wei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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28
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Heinonen S, Jokinen R, Rissanen A, Pietiläinen KH. White adipose tissue mitochondrial metabolism in health and in obesity. Obes Rev 2020; 21:e12958. [PMID: 31777187 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
White adipose tissue is one of the largest organs of the body. It plays a key role in whole-body energy status and metabolism; it not only stores excess energy but also secretes various hormones and metabolites to regulate body energy balance. Healthy adipose tissue capable of expanding is needed for metabolic well-being and to prevent accumulation of triglycerides to other organs. Mitochondria govern several important functions in the adipose tissue. We review the derangements of mitochondrial function in white adipose tissue in the obese state. Downregulation of mitochondrial function or biogenesis in the white adipose tissue is a central driver for obesity-associated metabolic diseases. Mitochondrial functions compromised in obesity include oxidative functions and renewal and enlargement of the adipose tissue through recruitment and differentiation of adipocyte progenitor cells. These changes adversely affect whole-body metabolic health. Dysfunction of the white adipose tissue mitochondria in obesity has long-term consequences for the metabolism of adipose tissue and the whole body. Understanding the pathways behind mitochondrial dysfunction may help reveal targets for pharmacological or nutritional interventions that enhance mitochondrial biogenesis or function in adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sini Heinonen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riikka Jokinen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aila Rissanen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Psychiatry, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kirsi H Pietiläinen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Endocrinology, Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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29
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Chernis N, Masschelin P, Cox AR, Hartig SM. Bisphenol AF promotes inflammation in human white adipocytes. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 318:C63-C72. [PMID: 31596606 PMCID: PMC6985838 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00175.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals interact with transcription factors essential for adipocyte differentiation. Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals corresponds with elevated risks of obesity, but the effects of these compounds on human cells remain largely undefined. Widespread use of bisphenol AF (BPAF) as a bisphenol A (BPA) alternative in the plastics industry presents unknown health risks. To this end, we discovered that BPAF interferes with the metabolic function of mature human adipocytes. Although 4-day exposures to BPAF accelerated adipocyte differentiation, we observed no effect on mature fat cell marker genes. Additional gene and protein expression analysis showed that BPAF treatment during human adipocyte differentiation failed to suppress the proinflammatory transcription factor STAT1. Microscopy and respirometry experiments demonstrated that BPAF impaired mitochondrial function and structure. To test the hypothesis that BPAF fosters vulnerabilities to STAT1 activation, we treated mature adipocytes previously exposed to BPAF with interferon-γ (IFNγ). BPAF increased IFNγ activation of STAT1 and exposed mitochondrial vulnerabilities that disrupt adipocyte lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. Collectively, our data establish that BPAF activates inflammatory signaling pathways that degrade metabolic activity in human adipocytes. These findings suggest how the BPA alternative BPAF contributes to metabolic changes that correspond with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Chernis
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Peter Masschelin
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Aaron R Cox
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Sean M Hartig
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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30
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Abstract
Neuroimmunology and immunometabolism are burgeoning topics of study, but the intersection of these two fields is scarcely considered. This interplay is particularly prevalent within adipose tissue, where immune cells and the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) have an important role in metabolic homeostasis and pathology, namely in obesity. In the present Review, we first outline the established reciprocal adipose-SNS relationship comprising the neuroendocrine loop facilitated primarily by adipose tissue-derived leptin and SNS-derived noradrenaline. Next, we review the extensive crosstalk between adipocytes and resident innate immune cells as well as the changes that occur in these secretory and signalling pathways in obesity. Finally, we discuss the effect of SNS adrenergic signalling in immune cells and conclude with exciting new research demonstrating an immutable role for SNS-resident macrophages in modulating SNS-adipose crosstalk. We posit that the latter point constitutes the existence of a new field - neuroimmunometabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea M Larabee
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Oliver C Neely
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Ana I Domingos
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, Oxford University, Oxford, UK.
- The Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), New York, NY, USA.
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31
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Lee JH, Park A, Oh KJ, Lee SC, Kim WK, Bae KH. The Role of Adipose Tissue Mitochondria: Regulation of Mitochondrial Function for the Treatment of Metabolic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194924. [PMID: 31590292 PMCID: PMC6801758 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
: Mitochondria play a key role in maintaining energy homeostasis in metabolic tissues, including adipose tissues. The two main types of adipose tissues are the white adipose tissue (WAT) and the brown adipose tissue (BAT). WAT primarily stores excess energy, whereas BAT is predominantly responsible for energy expenditure by non-shivering thermogenesis through the mitochondria. WAT in response to appropriate stimuli such as cold exposure and β-adrenergic agonist undergoes browning wherein it acts as BAT, which is characterized by the presence of a higher number of mitochondria. Mitochondrial dysfunction in adipocytes has been reported to have strong correlation with metabolic diseases, including obesity and type 2 diabetes. Dysfunction of mitochondria results in detrimental effects on adipocyte differentiation, lipid metabolism, insulin sensitivity, oxidative capacity, and thermogenesis, which consequently lead to metabolic diseases. Recent studies have shown that mitochondrial function can be improved by using thiazolidinedione, mitochondria-targeted antioxidants, and dietary natural compounds; by performing exercise; and by controlling caloric restriction, thereby maintaining the metabolic homeostasis by inducing adaptive thermogenesis of BAT and browning of WAT. In this review, we focus on and summarize the molecular regulation involved in the improvement of mitochondrial function in adipose tissues so that strategies can be developed to treat metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Ho Lee
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Anna Park
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Jin Oh
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Sang Chul Lee
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Won Kon Kim
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea.
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Kwang-Hee Bae
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea.
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34141, Korea.
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32
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Cox AR, Chernis N, Masschelin PM, Hartig SM. Immune Cells Gate White Adipose Tissue Expansion. Endocrinology 2019; 160:1645-1658. [PMID: 31107528 PMCID: PMC6591013 DOI: 10.1210/en.2019-00266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The immune system plays a critical role in white adipose tissue (WAT) energy homeostasis and, by extension, whole-body metabolism. Substantial evidence from mouse and human studies firmly establishes that insulin sensitivity deteriorates as a result of subclinical inflammation in the adipose tissue of individuals with diabetes. However, the relationship between adipose tissue expandability and immune cell infiltration remains a complex problem important for understanding the pathogenesis of obesity. Notably, a large body of work challenges the idea that all immune responses are deleterious to WAT function. This review highlights recent advances that describe how immune cells and adipocytes coordinately enable WAT expansion and regulation of energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron R Cox
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Natasha Chernis
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Peter M Masschelin
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Sean M Hartig
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Correspondence: Sean M. Hartig, PhD, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, BCM185, Houston, Texas 77030. E-mail:
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33
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Keuper M. On the role of macrophages in the control of adipocyte energy metabolism. Endocr Connect 2019; 8:R105-R121. [PMID: 31085768 PMCID: PMC6590200 DOI: 10.1530/ec-19-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The crosstalk between macrophages (MΦ) and adipocytes within white adipose tissue (WAT) influences obesity-associated insulin resistance and other associated metabolic disorders, such as atherosclerosis, hypertension and type 2 diabetes. MΦ infiltration is increased in WAT during obesity, which is linked to decreased mitochondrial content and activity. The mechanistic interplay between MΦ and mitochondrial function of adipocytes is under intense investigation, as MΦ and inflammatory pathways exhibit a pivotal role in the reprogramming of WAT metabolism in physiological responses during cold, fasting and exercise. Thus, the underlying immunometabolic pathways may offer therapeutic targets to correct obesity and metabolic disease. Here, I review the current knowledge on the quantity and the quality of human adipose tissue macrophages (ATMΦ) and their impact on the bioenergetics of human adipocytes. The effects of ATMΦ and their secreted factors on mitochondrial function of white adipocytes are discussed, including recent research on MΦ as part of an immune signaling cascade involved in the 'browning' of WAT, which is defined as the conversion from white, energy-storing adipocytes into brown, energy-dissipating adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Keuper
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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34
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Impaired Mitochondrial Fusion and Oxidative Phosphorylation Triggered by High Glucose Is Mediated by Tom22 in Endothelial Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:4508762. [PMID: 31236191 PMCID: PMC6545771 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4508762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Much evidence demonstrates that mitochondrial dysfunction plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of vascular complications of diabetes. However, the signaling pathways through which hyperglycemia leads to mitochondrial dysfunction of endothelial cells are not fully understood. Here, we treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with high glucose and examined the role of translocase of mitochondrial outer membrane (Tom) 22 on mitochondrial dynamics and cellular function. Impaired Tom22 expression and protein expression of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) as well as decreased mitochondrial fusion were observed in HUVECs treated with high glucose. The deletion of Tom22 resulted in reduced mitochondrial fusion and ATP production and increased apoptosis in HUVECs. The overexpression of Tom22 restored the balance of mitochondrial dynamics and OXPHOS disrupted by high glucose. Importantly, we found that Tom22 modulates mitochondrial dynamics and OXPHOS by interacting with mitofusin (Mfn) 1. Taken together, our findings demonstrate for the first time that Tom22 is a novel regulator of both mitochondrial dynamics and bioenergetic function and contributes to cell survival following high-glucose exposure.
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35
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Neeland IJ, Boone SC, Mook‐Kanamori DO, Ayers C, Smit RAJ, Tzoulaki I, Karaman I, Boulange C, Vaidya D, Punjabi N, Allison M, Herrington DM, Jukema JW, Rosendaal FR, Lamb HJ, van Dijk KW, Greenland P, de Mutsert R. Metabolomics Profiling of Visceral Adipose Tissue: Results From MESA and the NEO Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 8:e010810. [PMID: 31017036 PMCID: PMC6512086 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.010810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Identifying associations between serum metabolites and visceral adipose tissue ( VAT ) could provide novel biomarkers of VAT and insights into the pathogenesis of obesity-related diseases. We aimed to discover and replicate metabolites reflecting pathways related to VAT . Methods and Results Associations between fasting serum metabolites and VAT area (by computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging) were assessed with cross-sectional linear regression of individual-level data from participants in MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis; discovery, N=1103) and the NEO (Netherlands Epidemiology of Obesity) study (replication, N=2537). Untargeted 1H nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomics profiling of serum was performed in MESA, and metabolites were replicated in the NEO study using targeted 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. A total of 30 590 metabolomic spectral variables were evaluated. After adjustment for age, sex, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, smoking, physical activity, glucose/lipid-lowering medication, and body mass index, 2104 variables representing 24 nonlipid and 49 lipid/lipoprotein subclass metabolites remained significantly associated with VAT ( P=4.88×10-20-1.16×10-3). These included conventional metabolites, amino acids, acetylglycoproteins, intermediates of glucose and hepatic metabolism, organic acids, and subclasses of apolipoproteins, cholesterol, phospholipids, and triglycerides. Metabolites mapped to 31 biochemical pathways, including amino acid substrate use/metabolism and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis. In the replication cohort, acetylglycoproteins, branched-chain amino acids, lactate, glutamine (inversely), and atherogenic lipids remained associated with VAT ( P=1.90×10-35-8.46×10-7), with most associations remaining after additional adjustment for surrogates of VAT (glucose level, waist circumference, and serum triglycerides), reflecting novel independent associations. Conclusions We identified and replicated a metabolite panel associated with VAT in 2 community-based cohorts. These findings persisted after adjustment for body mass index and appear to define a metabolic signature of visceral adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian J. Neeland
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of Internal MedicineUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTX
| | - Sebastiaan C. Boone
- Department of Clinical EpidemiologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
| | - Dennis O. Mook‐Kanamori
- Department of Clinical EpidemiologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
- Department of Public Health and Primary CareLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
| | - Colby Ayers
- Department of Clinical SciencesUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTX
| | - Roelof A. J. Smit
- Department of Clinical EpidemiologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
| | - Ioanna Tzoulaki
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsImperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Ibrahim Karaman
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsImperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | | | | | - Naresh Punjabi
- Department of MedicineJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD
| | - Matthew Allison
- Department of Family Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCA
| | | | - J. Wouter Jukema
- Department of CardiologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
| | - Frits R. Rosendaal
- Department of Clinical EpidemiologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
| | - Hildo J. Lamb
- Department of RadiologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
| | - Ko Willems van Dijk
- Department of Human GeneticsLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
- Department of Internal MedicineLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular MedicineLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
| | - Philip Greenland
- Department of Preventive MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIL
| | - Renée de Mutsert
- Department of Clinical EpidemiologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
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36
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Nakajima T, Yokota T, Shingu Y, Yamada A, Iba Y, Ujihira K, Wakasa S, Ooka T, Takada S, Shirakawa R, Katayama T, Furihata T, Fukushima A, Matsuoka R, Nishihara H, Dela F, Nakanishi K, Matsui Y, Kinugawa S. Impaired mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation capacity in epicardial adipose tissue is associated with decreased concentration of adiponectin and severity of coronary atherosclerosis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3535. [PMID: 30837669 PMCID: PMC6401184 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40419-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT), a source of adipokines, is metabolically active, but the role of EAT mitochondria in coronary artery disease (CAD) has not been established. We investigated the association between EAT mitochondrial respiratory capacity, adiponectin concentration in the EAT, and coronary atherosclerosis. EAT samples were obtained from 25 patients who underwent elective cardiac surgery. Based on the coronary angiographycal findings, the patients were divided into two groups; coronary artery disease (CAD; n = 14) and non-CAD (n = 11) groups. The mitochondrial respiratory capacities including oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) capacity with non-fatty acid (complex I and complex I + II-linked) substrates and fatty acids in the EAT were significantly lowered in CAD patients. The EAT mitochondrial OXPHOS capacities had a close and inverse correlation with the severity of coronary artery stenosis evaluated by the Gensini score. Intriguingly, the protein level of adiponectin, an anti-atherogenic adipokine, in the EAT was significantly reduced in CAD patients, and it was positively correlated with the mitochondrial OXPHOS capacities in the EAT and inversely correlated with the Gensini score. Our study showed that impaired mitochondrial OXPHOS capacity in the EAT was closely linked to decreased concentration of adiponectin in the EAT and severity of coronary atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Nakajima
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takashi Yokota
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Yasushige Shingu
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akira Yamada
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Teine Keijinkai Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Iba
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Teine Keijinkai Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kosuke Ujihira
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Teine Keijinkai Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoru Wakasa
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomonori Ooka
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shingo Takada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Shirakawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takashi Katayama
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takaaki Furihata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Arata Fukushima
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Matsuoka
- Division of Clinical Cancer Genomics, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nishihara
- Division of Clinical Cancer Genomics, Hokkaido Cancer Center, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Flemming Dela
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Geriatrics, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katsuhiko Nakanishi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Teine Keijinkai Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Matsui
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shintaro Kinugawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Ngo DTM, Sverdlov AL, Karki S, Macartney-Coxson D, Stubbs RS, Farb MG, Carmine B, Hess DT, Colucci WS, Gokce N. Oxidative modifications of mitochondrial complex II are associated with insulin resistance of visceral fat in obesity. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 316:E168-E177. [PMID: 30576243 PMCID: PMC6397365 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00227.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Obesity, particularly visceral adiposity, has been linked to mitochondrial dysfunction and increased oxidative stress, which have been suggested as mechanisms of insulin resistance. The mechanism(s) behind this remains incompletely understood. In this study, we hypothesized that mitochondrial complex II dysfunction plays a role in impaired insulin sensitivity in visceral adipose tissue of subjects with obesity. We obtained subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue biopsies from 43 subjects with obesity (body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2) during planned bariatric surgery. Compared with subcutaneous adipose tissue, visceral adipose tissue exhibited decreased complex II activity, which was restored with the reducing agent dithiothreitol (5 mM) ( P < 0.01). A biotin switch assay identified that cysteine oxidative posttranslational modifications (OPTM) in complex II subunit A (succinate dehydrogenase A) were increased in visceral vs. subcutaneous fat ( P < 0.05). Insulin treatment (100 nM) stimulated complex II activity in subcutaneous fat ( P < 0.05). In contrast, insulin treatment of visceral fat led to a decrease in complex II activity ( P < 0.01), which was restored with addition of the mitochondria-specific oxidant scavenger mito-TEMPO (10 µM). In a cohort of 10 subjects with severe obesity, surgical weight loss decreased OPTM and restored complex II activity, exclusively in the visceral depot. Mitochondrial complex II may be an unrecognized and novel mediator of insulin resistance associated with visceral adiposity. The activity of complex II is improved by weight loss, which may contribute to metabolic improvements associated with bariatric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doan T M Ngo
- Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle , Newcastle, New South Wales , Australia
| | - Aaron L Sverdlov
- Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle , Newcastle, New South Wales , Australia
| | - Shakun Karki
- Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Donia Macartney-Coxson
- Biomarkers Group, Institute of Environmental Science and Research , Wellington , New Zealand
| | | | - Melissa G Farb
- Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Brian Carmine
- Department of General Surgery, Boston University School of Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Donald T Hess
- Department of General Surgery, Boston University School of Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Wilson S Colucci
- Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Noyan Gokce
- Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts
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38
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Pinti MV, Fink GK, Hathaway QA, Durr AJ, Kunovac A, Hollander JM. Mitochondrial dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus: an organ-based analysis. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 316:E268-E285. [PMID: 30601700 PMCID: PMC6397358 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00314.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a systemic disease characterized by hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and organismic insulin resistance. This pathological shift in both circulating fuel levels and energy substrate utilization by central and peripheral tissues contributes to mitochondrial dysfunction across organ systems. The mitochondrion lies at the intersection of critical cellular pathways such as energy substrate metabolism, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and apoptosis. It is the disequilibrium of these processes in T2DM that results in downstream deficits in vital functions, including hepatocyte metabolism, cardiac output, skeletal muscle contraction, β-cell insulin production, and neuronal health. Although mitochondria are known to be susceptible to a variety of genetic and environmental insults, the accumulation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations and mtDNA copy number depletion is helping to explain the prevalence of mitochondrial-related diseases such as T2DM. Recent work has uncovered novel mitochondrial biology implicated in disease progressions such as mtDNA heteroplasmy, noncoding RNA (ncRNA), epigenetic modification of the mitochondrial genome, and epitranscriptomic regulation of the mtDNA-encoded mitochondrial transcriptome. The goal of this review is to highlight mitochondrial dysfunction observed throughout major organ systems in the context of T2DM and to present new ideas for future research directions based on novel experimental and technological innovations in mitochondrial biology. Finally, the field of mitochondria-targeted therapeutics is discussed, with an emphasis on novel therapeutic strategies to restore mitochondrial homeostasis in the setting of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark V Pinti
- Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine , Morgantown, West Virginia
- Mitochondria, Metabolism, and Bioenergetics Working Group, West Virginia University School of Medicine , Morgantown, West Virginia
- West Virginia University School of Pharmacy , Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Garrett K Fink
- Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine , Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Quincy A Hathaway
- Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine , Morgantown, West Virginia
- Mitochondria, Metabolism, and Bioenergetics Working Group, West Virginia University School of Medicine , Morgantown, West Virginia
- Toxicology Working Group, West Virginia University School of Medicine , Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Andrya J Durr
- Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine , Morgantown, West Virginia
- Mitochondria, Metabolism, and Bioenergetics Working Group, West Virginia University School of Medicine , Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Amina Kunovac
- Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine , Morgantown, West Virginia
- Mitochondria, Metabolism, and Bioenergetics Working Group, West Virginia University School of Medicine , Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - John M Hollander
- Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine , Morgantown, West Virginia
- Mitochondria, Metabolism, and Bioenergetics Working Group, West Virginia University School of Medicine , Morgantown, West Virginia
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39
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Koh EH, Chernis N, Saha PK, Xiao L, Bader DA, Zhu B, Rajapakshe K, Hamilton MP, Liu X, Perera D, Chen X, York B, Trauner M, Coarfa C, Bajaj M, Moore DD, Deng T, McGuire SE, Hartig SM. miR-30a Remodels Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Inflammation to Improve Insulin Sensitivity in Obesity. Diabetes 2018; 67:2541-2553. [PMID: 30002134 PMCID: PMC6245225 DOI: 10.2337/db17-1378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation accompanies obesity and limits subcutaneous white adipose tissue (WAT) expandability, accelerating the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) influence expression of many metabolic genes in fat cells, but physiological roles in WAT remain poorly characterized. Here, we report that expression of the miRNA miR-30a in subcutaneous WAT corresponds with insulin sensitivity in obese mice and humans. To examine the hypothesis that restoration of miR-30a expression in WAT improves insulin sensitivity, we injected adenovirus (Adv) expressing miR-30a into the subcutaneous fat pad of diabetic mice. Exogenous miR-30a expression in the subcutaneous WAT depot of obese mice coupled improved insulin sensitivity and increased energy expenditure with decreased ectopic fat deposition in the liver and reduced WAT inflammation. High-throughput proteomic profiling and RNA-Seq suggested that miR-30a targets the transcription factor STAT1 to limit the actions of the proinflammatory cytokine interferon-γ (IFN-γ) that would otherwise restrict WAT expansion and decrease insulin sensitivity. We further demonstrated that miR-30a opposes the actions of IFN-γ, suggesting an important role for miR-30a in defending adipocytes against proinflammatory cytokines that reduce peripheral insulin sensitivity. Together, our data identify a critical molecular signaling axis, elements of which are involved in uncoupling obesity from metabolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Hee Koh
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Natasha Chernis
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Pradip K Saha
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Liuling Xiao
- Center for Bioenergetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, TX
| | - David A Bader
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Bokai Zhu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Kimal Rajapakshe
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Mark P Hamilton
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Dimuthu Perera
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Brian York
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Michael Trauner
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Mandeep Bajaj
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - David D Moore
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Tuo Deng
- Center for Bioenergetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, TX
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital and Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
| | - Sean E McGuire
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Sean M Hartig
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
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40
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Bianchi VE. Weight loss is a critical factor to reduce inflammation. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2018; 28:21-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Marroqui L, Tudurí E, Alonso-Magdalena P, Quesada I, Nadal Á, Dos Santos RS. Mitochondria as target of endocrine-disrupting chemicals: implications for type 2 diabetes. J Endocrinol 2018; 239:R27-R45. [PMID: 30072426 DOI: 10.1530/joe-18-0362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is a chronic, heterogeneous syndrome characterized by insulin resistance and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction or death. Among several environmental factors contributing to type 2 diabetes development, endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have been receiving special attention. These chemicals include a wide variety of pollutants, from components of plastic to pesticides, with the ability to modulate endocrine system function. EDCs can affect multiple cellular processes, including some related to energy production and utilization, leading to alterations in energy homeostasis. Mitochondria are primarily implicated in cellular energy conversion, although they also participate in other processes, such as hormone secretion and apoptosis. In fact, mitochondrial dysfunction due to reduced oxidative capacity, impaired lipid oxidation and increased oxidative stress has been linked to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Herein, we review the main mechanisms whereby metabolism-disrupting chemical (MDC), a subclass of EDCs that disturbs energy homeostasis, cause mitochondrial dysfunction, thus contributing to the establishment of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. We conclude that MDC-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, which is mainly characterized by perturbations in mitochondrial bioenergetics, biogenesis and dynamics, excessive reactive oxygen species production and activation of the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis, seems to be a relevant mechanism linking MDCs to type 2 diabetes development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Marroqui
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) and Institute of Bioengineering, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Eva Tudurí
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) and Institute of Bioengineering, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Paloma Alonso-Magdalena
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) and Institute of Bioengineering, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Iván Quesada
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) and Institute of Bioengineering, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Ángel Nadal
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) and Institute of Bioengineering, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Reinaldo Sousa Dos Santos
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) and Institute of Bioengineering, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Alicante, Spain
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42
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Yabiku K, Nakamoto K, Tokushige A. Reintroducing testosterone in the db/db mouse partially restores normal glucose metabolism and insulin resistance in a leptin-independent manner. BMC Endocr Disord 2018; 18:38. [PMID: 29895265 PMCID: PMC5998571 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-018-0266-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Testosterone signals through the androgen receptor (AR) and AR knockout mice develop obesity, suggesting a functional association between AR and leptin signaling. Furthermore, physiological blood concentrations of testosterone have been found to inhibit the development of arteriosclerosis, obesity and diabetes. However, these findings have not been verified by testosterone replacement in animal models and whether or not testosterone acts directly by activating AR to enhance leptin signaling, or indirectly by its conversion into estrogen remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated the effect of exogenously supplemented testosterone on glucose and lipid metabolism. METHODS Four-week-old male leptin receptor-knockout db/db mice were used as controls for a model of obesity retaining low testosterone. Mice were divided into sham-operated, castrated, or castrated and testosterone-supplemented groups and fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 2 weeks from 5 weeks of age. Testosterone concentrations, blood glucose, plasma insulin levels, and intraperitoneal glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance were measured. At 7 weeks, triglyceride and glycogen content were measured in the liver and muscle. Lipid accumulation in the liver and soleus muscle was determined by immunohistochemistry with Oil Red O. Statistical analyses were performed using the Student's t-test or ANOVA where applicable. RESULTS Lower testosterone levels in db/db mice compared with wild type (WT) db/+ mice were associated with glucose intolerance and fatty liver. Furthermore, castrated male db/db mice at 4 weeks of age progressively developed glucose intolerance accompanying a 15% increase in liver fat. Male mice fed a HFD had lower levels of testosterone compared with those fed a normal diet. We found that exogenous testosterone replacement injected subcutaneously into castrated male db/db mice alleviated the exacerbation of fatty liver and glucose intolerance, suggesting a leptin-independent mechanism. This mechanism is most likely mediated through gonadal axis suppression in this mouse model. CONCLUSIONS In summary, testosterone may use a novel pathway to complement leptin signaling to regulate glucose and lipid metabolism, and thus offers a new therapeutic target to treat metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Yabiku
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology (Second Department of Internal Medicine), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan.
| | | | - Akihiro Tokushige
- Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics University of the Ryukyus School of Medicine, Okinawa, Japan
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43
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Wang X, Yu C, Feng J, Chen J, Jiang Q, Kuang S, Wang Y. Depot-specific differences in fat mass expansion in WT and ob/ob mice. Oncotarget 2018; 8:46326-46336. [PMID: 28564636 PMCID: PMC5542270 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The study was designed to investigate the cellular mechanisms underlying the differential fat expansion in different fat depots in wild type (WT) and ob/ob (OB) mice. At 6 weeks old, no differences in fat mass were found between SAT and VAT in WT mice, while O-SAT showed significantly higher weight than that of O-VAT. The average adipocyte size of SAT (~ 4133.47 μm2) was smaller than that of VAT (~ 7438.91 μm2) in OB mice. O-SAT preadipocytes gained higher triglyceride contents and higher levels of PPARγ and C/EBPα than did O-VAT preadipocytes upon in vitro differentiation. W-SAT and W-VAT displayed no significant differences in fatty acid uptake, while 1.36 fold significantly higher fatty acid uptake was found in O-SAT compared to O-VAT. Approximately 52% of the radioactivity recovered in cellular lipids was found in TAG in O-SAT, which was significantly higher than the other three adipocyte types. Significantly more radiolabelled oleic acid was β-oxidized to CO2 in adipocytes from O-VAT than that from O-SAT. ATP production was significantly lower in W-SAT compared with W-VAT, whereas no significantly ATP level was observed between O-SAT and O-VAT. Expression of UCP-1 in SAT from either WT or OB mice was significantly higher than the counterpart of VAT, which demonstrated higher uncoupled respiration and lower oxidative phosphorylation in SAT. Together, a combined increase in adipogenesis and FA uptake, and decreases in β-oxidation and ATP production, contributed to greater expansion of SAT compared to VAT in obese mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxia Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Feed Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
| | - Caihua Yu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Feed Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
| | - Jie Feng
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Feed Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
| | - Jin Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Feed Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
| | - Qin Jiang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Feed Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
| | - Shihuan Kuang
- Department of Animal Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Yizhen Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Feed Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
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Ehrlund A, Acosta JR, Björk C, Hedén P, Douagi I, Arner P, Laurencikiene J. The cell-type specific transcriptome in human adipose tissue and influence of obesity on adipocyte progenitors. Sci Data 2017; 4:170164. [PMID: 29087381 PMCID: PMC5663208 DOI: 10.1038/sdata.2017.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity affects gene expression and metabolism of white adipose tissue (WAT),
which results in insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes. However, WAT is a
heterogeneous organ containing many cell types that might respond differently to
obesity-induced changes. We performed flow cytometry sorting and RNA expression
profiling by microarray of major WAT cell types (adipocytes,
CD45−/CD31−/CD34+ progenitors, CD45+/CD14+ monocytes/
macrophages, CD45+/CD14− leukocytes), which allowed us to identify genes
enriched in specific cell fractions. Additionally, we included adipocytes and
adipocyte progenitor cells obtained from lean and obese individuals. Taken
together, we provide a detailed gene expression atlas of major human adipose
tissue resident cell types for clinical/basic research and using this dataset
provide lists of cell-type specific genes that are of interest for metabolic
research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ehrlund
- Lipid Laboratory, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-14186, Sweden
| | - Juan R Acosta
- Lipid Laboratory, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-14186, Sweden
| | - Christel Björk
- Lipid Laboratory, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-14186, Sweden
| | - Per Hedén
- Akademikliniken, Storängsvägen 10, Stockholm SE-115 42, Sweden
| | - Iyadh Douagi
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine (HERM), Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-14186, Sweden
| | - Peter Arner
- Lipid Laboratory, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-14186, Sweden
| | - Jurga Laurencikiene
- Lipid Laboratory, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-14186, Sweden
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Rocha-Rodrigues S, Rodríguez A, Becerril S, Ramírez B, Gonçalves IO, Beleza J, Frühbeck G, Ascensão A, Magalhães J. Physical exercise remodels visceral adipose tissue and mitochondrial lipid metabolism in rats fed a high-fat diet. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2017; 44:386-394. [PMID: 27873387 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the effects of two physical exercise models, voluntary physical activity (VPA) and endurance training (ET) as preventive and therapeutic strategies, respectively, on lipid accumulation regulators and mitochondrial content in VAT of rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Sprague-Dawley rats (6 weeks old, n=60) were assigned into sedentary and VPA groups fed isoenergetic diets: standard (S, 35 kcal% fat) or HFD (71 kcal% fat). The VPA groups had free access to wheel running during the entire protocol. After 9 weeks, half of the sedentary animals were exercised on a treadmill while maintaining the dietary treatments. The HFD induced no changes in plasma non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and glycerol levels and decreased oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) subunit IV and increased truncated/full-length sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1c (SREBP1c) ratio in epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT). VPA decreased plasma glycerol levels, aquaglyceroporin 7 (AQP7) and increased subunit I of cytochrome c oxidase (COX) protein, in standard diet fed animals. Eight weeks of ET decreased body weight, visceral adiposity and adipocyte size and plasma NEFA and glycerol levels, as well as AQP7 protein expression in eWAT. ET increased fatty acid translocase (FAT/CD36), mitochondrial content of complexes IV and V subunits, mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamic (mitofusins and optic atrophy 1)-related proteins. Moreover, lipogenesis-related markers (SREBP1c and acetyl CoA carboxylase) were reduced after 8 weeks of ET. In conclusion, ET-induced alterations reflect a positive effect on mitochondrial function and the overall VAT metabolism of HFD-induced obese rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Rocha-Rodrigues
- CIAFEL - Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Amaia Rodríguez
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Obesity & Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitario de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.,CIBEROBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sara Becerril
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Obesity & Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitario de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.,CIBEROBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Ramírez
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Obesity & Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitario de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.,CIBEROBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Inês O Gonçalves
- CIAFEL - Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Beleza
- CIAFEL - Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Gema Frühbeck
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Obesity & Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitario de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.,CIBEROBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - António Ascensão
- CIAFEL - Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - José Magalhães
- CIAFEL - Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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46
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Urbanová M, Mráz M, Ďurovcová V, Trachta P, Kloučková J, Kaválková P, Haluzíková D, Lacinová Z, Hansíková H, Wenchich L, Kršek M, Haluzík M. The effect of very-low-calorie diet on mitochondrial dysfunction in subcutaneous adipose tissue and peripheral monocytes of obese subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Physiol Res 2017; 66:811-822. [PMID: 28730835 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a potentially important player in the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We investigated the changes of mRNA expression of genes encoding main enzymatic complexes of mitochondrial respiratory chain in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT) and peripheral monocytes (PM) of 11 subjects with simple obesity (OB), 16 obese patients with T2DM and 17 healthy lean subjects (C) before and after very low-calorie diet (VLCD) using quantitative real time PCR. At baseline in SCAT, both T2DM and OB group had decreased mRNA expression of all investigated mitochondrial genes with the exception of 2 complex I (NDUFA 12) and complex IV (COX 4/1) enzymes in OB subjects. In contrast, in PM only the expression of complex I enzymes NDUFA 12 and MT-ND5 was reduced in both T2DM and OB subjects along with decreased expression of citrate synthase (CS) in T2DM group. Additionally, T2DM subjects showed reduced activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase and complex IV in peripheral blood elements. VLCD further decreased mRNA expression of CS and complex I (NT-ND5) and II (SDHA) enzymes in SCAT and complex IV (COX4/1) and ATP synthase in PM of T2DM group, while increasing the activity of complex IV in their peripheral blood elements. We conclude that impaired mitochondrial biogenesis and decreased activity of respiratory chain enzymatic complexes was present in SCAT and PM of obese and diabetic patients. VLCD improved metabolic parameters and ameliorated mitochondrial oxidative function in peripheral blood elements of T2DM subjects but had only minor and inconsistent effect on mitochondrial gene mRNA expression in SCAT and PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Urbanová
- Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, Czech Republic, Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Delitala AP, Capobianco G, Delitala G, Cherchi PL, Dessole S. Polycystic ovary syndrome, adipose tissue and metabolic syndrome. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00404-017-4429-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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48
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Caminhotto RDO, Sertié RAL, Andreotti S, Campaãa AB, Lima FB. Renin-angiotensin system blockers regulate the metabolism of isolated fat cells in vitro. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 49:S0100-879X2016000800608. [PMID: 27487419 PMCID: PMC4974019 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20165409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
Due to the presence of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in tissues and its specific
influence on white adipose tissue, fat cells are possible targets of pharmacological
RAS blockers commonly used as anti-hypertensive drugs. In the present study, we
investigated the effects of different RAS blockers on fat cell metabolism, more
specifically on lipolysis, lipogenesis and oxidation of energy substrates. Isolated
primary adipocytes were incubated with different RAS blockers (aliskiren, captopril
and losartan) in vitro for 24 h and lipolysis, lipogenesis and
glucose oxidation capacities were determined in dose-response assays to a
β-adrenergic agonist and to insulin. Although no change was found in lipolytic
capacity, the RAS blockers modulated lipogenesis and glucose oxidation in a different
way. While captopril decreased insulin-stimulated lipogenesis (−19% of maximal
response and −60% of insulin responsiveness) due to reduced glucose derived glycerol
synthesis (−19% of maximal response and 64% of insulin responsiveness), aliskiren
increased insulin-stimulated glucose oxidation (+49% of maximal response and +292% of
insulin responsiveness) in fat cells. Our experiments demonstrate that RAS blockers
can differentially induce metabolic alterations in adipocyte metabolism,
characterized by a reduction in lipogenic responsiveness or an increase in glucose
oxidation. The impact of RAS blockers on adipocyte metabolism may have beneficial
implications on metabolic disorders during their therapeutic use in hypertensive
patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- R de O Caminhotto
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - R A L Sertié
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - S Andreotti
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - A B Campaãa
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - F B Lima
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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49
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Transcriptome analysis in blood cells from children reveals potential early biomarkers of metabolic alterations. Int J Obes (Lond) 2017; 41:1481-1488. [PMID: 28584296 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2017.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The development of effective strategies to prevent childhood obesity and its comorbidities requires new, reliable early biomarkers. Here, we aimed to identify in peripheral blood cells potential transcript-based biomarkers of unhealthy metabolic profile associated to overweight/obesity in children. METHODS We performed a whole-genome microarray analysis in blood cells to identify genes differentially expressed between overweight and normal weight children to obtain novel transcript-based biomarkers predictive of metabolic complications. RESULTS The most significant enriched pathway of differentially expressed genes was related to oxidative phosphorylation, for which most of genes were downregulated in overweight versus normal weight children. Other genes were involved in carbohydrate metabolism/glucose homoeostasis or in lipid metabolism (for example, TCF7L2, ADRB3, LIPE, GIPR), revealing plausible mechanisms according to existing biological knowledge. A set of differentially expressed genes was identified to discriminate in overweight children those with high or low triglyceride levels. CONCLUSIONS Functional microarray analysis has revealed a set of potential blood-cell transcript-based biomarkers that may be a useful approach for early identification of children with higher predisposition to obesity-related metabolic alterations.
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50
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Kulyté A, Ehrlund A, Arner P, Dahlman I. Global transcriptome profiling identifies KLF15 and SLC25A10 as modifiers of adipocytes insulin sensitivity in obese women. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178485. [PMID: 28570579 PMCID: PMC5453532 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the mechanisms linking obesity to insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are not entirely understood, it is likely that alterations of adipose tissue function are involved. The aim of this study was to identify new genes controlling insulin sensitivity in adipocytes from obese women with either insulin resistant (OIR) or sensitive (OIS) adipocytes. Insulin sensitivity was first determined by measuring lipogenesis in isolated adipocytes from abdominal subcutaneous white adipose tissue (WAT) in a large observational study. Lipogenesis was measured under conditions where glucose transport was the rate limiting step and reflects in vivo insulin sensitivity. We then performed microarray-based transcriptome profiling on subcutaneous WAT specimen from a subgroup of 9 lean, 21 OIS and 18 obese OIR women. We could identify 432 genes that were differentially expressed between the OIR and OIS group (FDR ≤5%). These genes are enriched in pathways related to glucose and amino acid metabolism, cellular respiration, and insulin signaling, and include genes such as SLC2A4, AKT2, as well as genes coding for enzymes in the mitochondria respiratory chain. Two IR-associated genes, KLF15 encoding a transcription factor and SLC25A10 encoding a dicarboxylate carrier, were selected for functional evaluation in adipocytes differentiated in vitro. Knockdown of KLF15 and SLC25A10 using siRNA inhibited insulin-stimulated lipogenesis in adipocytes. Transcriptome profiling of siRNA-treated cells suggested that KLF15 might control insulin sensitivity by influencing expression of PPARG, PXMP2, AQP7, LPL and genes in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Knockdown of SLC25A10 had only modest impact on the transcriptome, suggesting that it might directly influence insulin sensitivity in adipocytes independently of transcription due to its important role in fatty acid synthesis. In summary, this study identifies novel genes associated with insulin sensitivity in adipocytes in women independently of obesity. KFL15 and SLC25A10 are inhibitors of insulin-stimulated lipogenesis under conditions when glucose transport is the rate limiting step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agné Kulyté
- Lipid laboratory, Department of Medicine H7, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Ehrlund
- Lipid laboratory, Department of Medicine H7, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Arner
- Lipid laboratory, Department of Medicine H7, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Dahlman
- Lipid laboratory, Department of Medicine H7, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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