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Zhang X, Li A, Zhu Y, Liu F, Zhao D, Tang H, Xu C. Effect of stearoyl-coenzyme a desaturase 1 (SCD1) on the function of mast cells. J Asthma 2024; 61:707-716. [PMID: 38315158 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2024.2303749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Background: The prevalence of childhood asthma and obesity is increasing, while obesity increases the risk and severity of asthma. Lipid metabolism has been considered as an important factor in the pathogenesis of obesity-associated asthma. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) is a rate-limiting enzyme that catalyzes the production of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA).Methods: In the present study, the microarray data retrieved from the Gene Expression Comprehensive Database (GEO) was analyzed to further clarify the impact of SCD1 on Mast cell activation related lipid mediators and the correlation between SCD1 and obesity asthma in the population.Results: SCD1 was highly expressed in IgE-activated bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs). Meanwhile, SCD1 was also verified expressed highly in dinitrophenyl human serum albumin (DNP-HAS) stimulated RBL-2H3 cells. The expression of SCD1 was up-regulated in peripheral blood leukocytes of asthmatic children, and was positively correlated with skinfold thickness of upper arm, abdominal skinfold and body mass index (BMI). Inhibition of SCD1 expression significantly suppressed the degranulation, lipid mediator production, as well as the migration ability in DNP-HAS-stimulated RBL-2H3 cells.Conclusion: SCD1 is involved in obese-related asthma through regulating mast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuqing Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tianjin Children's Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Aiguo Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Tong Ren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifan Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Deyu Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Heng Tang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Changdi Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Martiniakova M, Biro R, Penzes N, Sarocka A, Kovacova V, Mondockova V, Omelka R. Links among Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, and Osteoporosis: Bone as a Target. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4827. [PMID: 38732046 PMCID: PMC11084398 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and osteoporosis are serious diseases with an ever-increasing incidence that quite often coexist, especially in the elderly. Individuals with obesity and T2DM have impaired bone quality and an elevated risk of fragility fractures, despite higher and/or unchanged bone mineral density (BMD). The effect of obesity on fracture risk is site-specific, with reduced risk for several fractures (e.g., hip, pelvis, and wrist) and increased risk for others (e.g., humerus, ankle, upper leg, elbow, vertebrae, and rib). Patients with T2DM have a greater risk of hip, upper leg, foot, humerus, and total fractures. A chronic pro-inflammatory state, increased risk of falls, secondary complications, and pharmacotherapy can contribute to the pathophysiology of aforementioned fractures. Bisphosphonates and denosumab significantly reduced the risk of vertebral fractures in patients with both obesity and T2DM. Teriparatide significantly lowered non-vertebral fracture risk in T2DM subjects. It is important to recognize elevated fracture risk and osteoporosis in obese and T2DM patients, as they are currently considered low risk and tend to be underdiagnosed and undertreated. The implementation of better diagnostic tools, including trabecular bone score, lumbar spine BMD/body mass index (BMI) ratio, and microRNAs to predict bone fragility, could improve fracture prevention in this patient group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Martiniakova
- Department of Zoology and Anthropology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Informatics, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, 949 01 Nitra, Slovakia; (R.B.); (V.K.)
| | - Roman Biro
- Department of Zoology and Anthropology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Informatics, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, 949 01 Nitra, Slovakia; (R.B.); (V.K.)
| | - Noemi Penzes
- Department of Botany and Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Informatics, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, 949 01 Nitra, Slovakia; (N.P.); (A.S.); (V.M.); (R.O.)
| | - Anna Sarocka
- Department of Botany and Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Informatics, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, 949 01 Nitra, Slovakia; (N.P.); (A.S.); (V.M.); (R.O.)
| | - Veronika Kovacova
- Department of Zoology and Anthropology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Informatics, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, 949 01 Nitra, Slovakia; (R.B.); (V.K.)
| | - Vladimira Mondockova
- Department of Botany and Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Informatics, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, 949 01 Nitra, Slovakia; (N.P.); (A.S.); (V.M.); (R.O.)
| | - Radoslav Omelka
- Department of Botany and Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Informatics, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, 949 01 Nitra, Slovakia; (N.P.); (A.S.); (V.M.); (R.O.)
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Öztürk D, Koca AO, Keskin M, Öztürk B, Oğuz EF, Turhan T, Buluş H. Patients who received sleeve gastrectomy have lower plasma osteopontin levels than those who did not. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2024; 79:100352. [PMID: 38574573 PMCID: PMC10999792 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinsp.2024.100352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to compare metabolic parameters, plasma Osteopontin (OPN) and Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF) levels between Sleeve Gastrectomy (SG) patients in their 6th post-operation month and healthy control patients. METHODS Height, weight, Body Mass Index (BMI) and laboratory parameters of 58 SG patients aged 18‒65 years (Group 1) and 46 healthy control patients (Group 2) were compared. In addition, preoperative and postoperative sixth-month BMI and laboratory parameters of the patients in Group 1 were compared. RESULTS The mean age and gender distributions of the groups were similar (p > 0.05). Mean BMI was 28.9 kg/m2 in Group 1 and 27 kg/m2 in Group 2 (p < 0.01). While plasma HGF levels were similar between both groups, plasma OPN levels were higher in Group 2 (p < 0.001). Fasting plasma glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, fasting plasma insulin and insulin resistance values were higher in Group 1, while alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels were higher in Group 2 (p < 0.05). There was a strong correlation between plasma HGF and OPN levels in Group 1, but not in Group 2 (Rho = 0.805, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION OPN and HGF are promising biomarkers that can be used to better understand and detect problems related to obesity. The fact that patients in the early post-SG period had lower plasma OPN and similar plasma HGF compared to non-surgical patients of similar age and gender with higher BMI may be another favorable and previously unknown metabolic effect of SG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doğan Öztürk
- University of Health Sciences, Ankara Atatürk Sanatoryum Education and Research Hospital, Department of General Surgery, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Arzu Or Koca
- University of Health Sciences, Dr. Abdurrahman Yurtaslan Ankara Onkoloji Education and Research Hospital, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Müge Keskin
- University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bülent Öztürk
- University of Health Sciences, Ankara Atatürk Sanatoryum Education and Research Hospital, Department of General Surgery, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Esra Fırat Oğuz
- University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Turan Turhan
- University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hakan Buluş
- University of Health Sciences, Ankara Atatürk Sanatoryum Education and Research Hospital, Department of General Surgery, Ankara, Turkey
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Savage TM, Fortson KT, de Los Santos-Alexis K, Oliveras-Alsina A, Rouanne M, Rae SS, Gamarra JR, Shayya H, Kornberg A, Cavero R, Li F, Han A, Haeusler RA, Adam J, Schwabe RF, Arpaia N. Amphiregulin from regulatory T cells promotes liver fibrosis and insulin resistance in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Immunity 2024; 57:303-318.e6. [PMID: 38309273 PMCID: PMC10922825 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Production of amphiregulin (Areg) by regulatory T (Treg) cells promotes repair after acute tissue injury. Here, we examined the function of Treg cells in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a setting of chronic liver injury. Areg-producing Treg cells were enriched in the livers of mice and humans with NASH. Deletion of Areg in Treg cells, but not in myeloid cells, reduced NASH-induced liver fibrosis. Chronic liver damage induced transcriptional changes associated with Treg cell activation. Mechanistically, Treg cell-derived Areg activated pro-fibrotic transcriptional programs in hepatic stellate cells via epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling. Deletion of Areg in Treg cells protected mice from NASH-dependent glucose intolerance, which also was dependent on EGFR signaling on hepatic stellate cells. Areg from Treg cells promoted hepatocyte gluconeogenesis through hepatocyte detection of hepatic stellate cell-derived interleukin-6. Our findings reveal a maladaptive role for Treg cell-mediated tissue repair functions in chronic liver disease and link liver damage to NASH-dependent glucose intolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Savage
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Katherine T Fortson
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Mathieu Rouanne
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sarah S Rae
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Hani Shayya
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind, and Brain and Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adam Kornberg
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Renzo Cavero
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fangda Li
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Arnold Han
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rebecca A Haeusler
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Julien Adam
- Pathology Department, Hopital Paris Saint-Joseph, Paris, France; INSERM U1186, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Nicholas Arpaia
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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Wang L, Niu X. Immunoregulatory Roles of Osteopontin in Diseases. Nutrients 2024; 16:312. [PMID: 38276550 PMCID: PMC10819284 DOI: 10.3390/nu16020312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a multifunctional protein that plays a pivotal role in the immune system. It is involved in various biological processes, including cell adhesion, migration and survival. The study of the immunomodulatory effects of OPN is of paramount importance due to its potential therapeutic applications. A comprehensive understanding of how OPN regulates the immune response could pave the way for the development of novel treatments for a multitude of diseases, including autoimmune disorders, infectious diseases and cancer. Therefore, in the following paper, we provide a systematic overview of OPN and its immunoregulatory roles in various diseases, laying the foundation for the development of OPN-based therapies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lebei Wang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China;
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xiaoyin Niu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China;
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Al Zein M, Zein O, Diab R, Dimachkie L, Sahebkar A, Al-Asmakh M, Kobeissy F, Eid AH. Intermittent fasting favorably modulates adipokines and potentially attenuates atherosclerosis. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 218:115876. [PMID: 37871879 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is now recognized as an endocrine organ that secretes bioactive molecules called adipokines. These biomolecules regulate key physiological functions, including insulin sensitivity, energy metabolism, appetite regulation, endothelial function and immunity. Dysregulated secretion of adipokines is intimately associated with obesity, and translates into increased risk of obesity-related cardiovasculo-metabolic diseases. In particular, emerging evidence suggests that adipokine imbalance contributes to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. One of the promising diet regimens that is beneficial in the fight against obesity and cardiometabolic disorders is intermittent fasting (IF). Indeed, IF robustly suppresses inflammation, meditates weight loss and mitigates many aspects of the cardiometabolic syndrome. In this paper, we review the main adipokines and their role in atherosclerosis, which remains a major contributor to cardiovascular-associated morbidity and mortality. We further discuss how IF can be employed as an effective management modality for obesity-associated atherosclerosis. By exploring a plethora of the beneficial effects of IF, particularly on inflammatory markers, we present IF as a possible intervention to help prevent atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Al Zein
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Hadath, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Omar Zein
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rawan Diab
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Lina Dimachkie
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maha Al-Asmakh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Department of Neurobiology and Neuroscience, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
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7
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Soysouvanh F, Rousseau D, Bonnafous S, Bourinet M, Strazzulla A, Patouraux S, Machowiak J, Farrugia MA, Iannelli A, Tran A, Anty R, Luci C, Gual P. Osteopontin-driven T-cell accumulation and function in adipose tissue and liver promoted insulin resistance and MAFLD. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2023; 31:2568-2582. [PMID: 37724058 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the contribution of osteopontin/secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) to T-cell regulation in initiation of obesity-driven adipose tissue (AT) inflammation and macrophage infiltration and the subsequent impact on insulin resistance (IR) and metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) development. METHODS SPP1 and T-cell marker expression was evaluated in AT and liver according to type 2 diabetes and MAFLD in human individuals with obesity. The role of SPP1 on T cells was evaluated in Spp1-knockout mice challenged with a high-fat diet. RESULTS In humans with obesity, elevated SPP1 expression in AT was parallel to T-cell marker expression (CD4, CD8A) and IR. Weight loss reversed AT inflammation with decreased SPP1 and CD8A expression. In liver, elevated SPP1 expression correlated with MAFLD severity and hepatic T-cell markers. In mice, although Spp1 deficiency did not impact obesity, it did improve AT IR associated with prevention of proinflammatory T-cell accumulation at the expense of regulatory T cells. Spp1 deficiency also decreased ex vivo helper T cell, subtype 1 (Th1) polarization of AT CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. In addition, Spp1 deficiency significantly reduced obesity-associated liver steatosis and inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Current findings highlight a critical role of SPP1 in the initiation of obesity-driven chronic inflammation by regulating accumulation and/or polarization of T cells. Early targeting of SPP1 could be beneficial for IR and MAFLD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Manon Bourinet
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, U1065, C3M, Nice, France
| | | | | | - Jean Machowiak
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, U1065, C3M, Nice, France
| | | | | | - Albert Tran
- Université Côte d'Azur, CHU, INSERM, U1065, C3M, Nice, France
| | - Rodolphe Anty
- Université Côte d'Azur, CHU, INSERM, U1065, C3M, Nice, France
| | - Carmelo Luci
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, U1065, C3M, Nice, France
| | - Philippe Gual
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, U1065, C3M, Nice, France
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8
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Ouyang JF, Mishra K, Xie Y, Park H, Huang KY, Petretto E, Behmoaras J. Systems level identification of a matrisome-associated macrophage polarisation state in multi-organ fibrosis. eLife 2023; 12:e85530. [PMID: 37706477 PMCID: PMC10547479 DOI: 10.7554/elife.85530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue fibrosis affects multiple organs and involves a master-regulatory role of macrophages which respond to an initial inflammatory insult common in all forms of fibrosis. The recently unravelled multi-organ heterogeneity of macrophages in healthy and fibrotic human disease suggests that macrophages expressing osteopontin (SPP1) associate with lung and liver fibrosis. However, the conservation of this SPP1+ macrophage population across different tissues and its specificity to fibrotic diseases with different etiologies remain unclear. Integrating 15 single-cell RNA-sequencing datasets to profile 235,930 tissue macrophages from healthy and fibrotic heart, lung, liver, kidney, skin, and endometrium, we extended the association of SPP1+ macrophages with fibrosis to all these tissues. We also identified a subpopulation expressing matrisome-associated genes (e.g., matrix metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors), functionally enriched for ECM remodelling and cell metabolism, representative of a matrisome-associated macrophage (MAM) polarisation state within SPP1+ macrophages. Importantly, the MAM polarisation state follows a differentiation trajectory from SPP1+ macrophages and is associated with a core set of regulon activity. SPP1+ macrophages without the MAM polarisation state (SPP1+MAM-) show a positive association with ageing lung in mice and humans. These results suggest an advanced and conserved polarisation state of SPP1+ macrophages in fibrotic tissues resulting from prolonged inflammatory cues within each tissue microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F Ouyang
- Centre for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Medical SchoolSingaporeSingapore
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical SchoolSingaporeSingapore
| | - Kunal Mishra
- Centre for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Medical SchoolSingaporeSingapore
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical SchoolSingaporeSingapore
| | - Yi Xie
- Centre for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Medical SchoolSingaporeSingapore
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical SchoolSingaporeSingapore
| | - Harry Park
- Centre for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Medical SchoolSingaporeSingapore
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical SchoolSingaporeSingapore
| | - Kevin Y Huang
- Centre for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Medical SchoolSingaporeSingapore
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical SchoolSingaporeSingapore
| | - Enrico Petretto
- Centre for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Medical SchoolSingaporeSingapore
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical SchoolSingaporeSingapore
- Institute for Big Data and Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University (CPU)NanjingChina
| | - Jacques Behmoaras
- Centre for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Medical SchoolSingaporeSingapore
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical SchoolSingaporeSingapore
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
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Pestel J, Blangero F, Watson J, Pirola L, Eljaafari A. Adipokines in obesity and metabolic-related-diseases. Biochimie 2023; 212:48-59. [PMID: 37068579 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of leptin in the 1990s led to a reconsideration of adipose tissue (AT) as not only a fatty acid storage organ, but also a proper endocrine tissue. AT is indeed capable of secreting bioactive molecules called adipokines for white AT or batokines for brown/beige AT, which allow communication with numerous organs, especially brain, heart, liver, pancreas, and/or the vascular system. Adipokines exert pro or anti-inflammatory activities. An equilibrated balance between these two sets ensures homeostasis of numerous tissues and organs. During the development of obesity, AT remodelling leads to an alteration of its endocrine activity, with increased secretion of pro-inflammatory adipokines relative to the anti-inflammatory ones, as shown in the graphical abstract. Pro-inflammatory adipokines take part in the initiation of local and systemic inflammation during obesity and contribute to comorbidities associated to obesity, as detailed in the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Pestel
- INSERM U1060-CarMeN /Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1/INRAE/ Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1: Laboratoire CarMeN, 165 chemin du Grand Revoyet, CHLS, 69310 Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Ferdinand Blangero
- INSERM U1060-CarMeN /Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1/INRAE/ Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1: Laboratoire CarMeN, 165 chemin du Grand Revoyet, CHLS, 69310 Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Julia Watson
- INSERM U1060-CarMeN /Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1/INRAE/ Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1: Laboratoire CarMeN, 165 chemin du Grand Revoyet, CHLS, 69310 Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Luciano Pirola
- INSERM U1060-CarMeN /Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1/INRAE/ Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1: Laboratoire CarMeN, 165 chemin du Grand Revoyet, CHLS, 69310 Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Assia Eljaafari
- INSERM U1060-CarMeN /Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1/INRAE/ Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1: Laboratoire CarMeN, 165 chemin du Grand Revoyet, CHLS, 69310 Pierre Bénite, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon: 2 quai des Célestins, 69001 Lyon, France.
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10
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Fu H, Liu X, Shi L, Wang L, Fang H, Wang X, Song D. Regulatory roles of Osteopontin in lung epithelial inflammation and epithelial-telocyte interaction. Clin Transl Med 2023; 13:e1381. [PMID: 37605313 PMCID: PMC10442477 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung epithelial cells play important roles in lung inflammation and injury, although mechanisms remain unclear. Osteopontin (OPN) has essential roles in epithelial damage and repair and in lung cancer biological behaviours. Telocyte (TC) is a type of interstitial cell that interacts with epithelial cells to alleviate acute inflammation and lung injury. The present studies aim at exploring potential mechanisms by which OPN regulates the epithelial origin lung inflammation and the interaction of epithelial cells with TCs in acute and chronic lung injury. METHODS The lung disease specificity of OPN and epithelial inflammation were defined by bioinformatics. We evaluated the regulatory roles of OPN in OPN-knockdown or over-expressed bronchial epithelia (HBEs) challenged with cigarette smoke extracts (CSE) or in animals with genome OPN knockout (gKO) or lung conditional OPN knockout (cKO). Acute lung injury and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were induced by smoking or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Effects of OPN on PI3K subunits and ERK were assessed using the inhibitors. Spatialization and distribution of OPN, OPN-positive epithelial subtypes, and TCs were defined by spatial transcriptomics. The interaction between HBEs and TCs was assayed by the co-culture system. RESULTS Levels of OPN expression increased in smokers, smokers with COPD, and smokers with COPD and lung cancer, as compared with healthy nonsmokers. LPS and/or CSE induced over-production of cytokines from HBEs, dependent upon the dysfunction of OPN. The severity of lung inflammation and injury was significantly lower in OPN-gKO or OPN-cKO mice. HBEs transferred with OPN enhanced the expression of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)CA/p110α, PIK3CB/p110β, PIK3CD/p110δ, PIK3CG/p110γ, PIK3R1, PIK3R2 or PIK3R3. Spatial locations of OPN and OPN-positive epithelial subtypes showed the tight contact of airway epithelia and TCs. Epithelial OPN regulated the epithelial communication with TCs, and the down-regulation of OPN induced more alterations in transcriptomic profiles than the up-regulation. CONCLUSION Our data evidenced that OPN regulated lung epithelial inflammation, injury, and cell communication between epithelium and TCs in acute and chronic lung injury. The conditional control of lung epithelial OPN may be an alternative for preventing and treating epithelial-origin lung inflammation and injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huirong Fu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineZhongshan HospitalFudan University Shanghai Medical CollegeShanghaiChina
- Center for Tumor Diagnosis & TherapyJinshan HospitalFudan University Shanghai Medical CollegeShanghaiChina
| | - Xuanqi Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineZhongshan HospitalFudan University Shanghai Medical CollegeShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Institute of Clinical BioinformaticsShanghaiChina
| | - Lin Shi
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineZhongshan HospitalFudan University Shanghai Medical CollegeShanghaiChina
| | - Lingyan Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Clinical BioinformaticsShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Engineering Research for AI Technology for Cardiopulmonary DiseasesShanghaiChina
| | - Hao Fang
- Department of AnesthesiologyZhongshan HospitalFudan University Shanghai Medical CollegeShanghaiChina
- Department of AnesthesiologyShanghai Geriatric Medical CenterShanghaiChina
| | - Xiangdong Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineZhongshan HospitalFudan University Shanghai Medical CollegeShanghaiChina
- Center for Tumor Diagnosis & TherapyJinshan HospitalFudan University Shanghai Medical CollegeShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Institute of Clinical BioinformaticsShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Engineering Research for AI Technology for Cardiopulmonary DiseasesShanghaiChina
| | - Dongli Song
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineZhongshan HospitalFudan University Shanghai Medical CollegeShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Institute of Clinical BioinformaticsShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Engineering Research for AI Technology for Cardiopulmonary DiseasesShanghaiChina
- Department of Pulmonary MedicineShanghai Xuhui Central HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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11
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Cicekli I, Saglam D, Takar N. A New Perspective on Metabolic Syndrome with Osteopontin: A Comprehensive Review. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1608. [PMID: 37511983 PMCID: PMC10381599 DOI: 10.3390/life13071608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) imposes a substantial burden on the healthcare systems and economies of countries and is a major public health concern worldwide. MetS is mainly caused by an imbalance between calorie intake and energy expenditure; however, it is recognized that additional variables, such as chronic inflammation, may have the same predictive potential as insulin resistance or MetS components in the genesis of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular events. More importantly, the early diagnosis or treatment of MetS may significantly reduce the burden on the health systems of the disease with any prevention or biomarker and should not be underestimated. Osteopontin (OPN), also called secreted phosphoprotein 1, is a soluble protein found mostly in body fluids. Studies suggest that serum OPN levels may be an early and new biomarker to predict metabolic and cardiovascular complications significantly associated with some diseases. This review aims to provide specific insight into the new biomarker OPN in MetS. With this purpose, it is examined the link between the MetS cornerstones and OPN. In addition, the interaction between the microbiota and MetS is predicted to be bidirectional, and the microbiota may act as a bridge in this interaction process. Increased OPN levels may have unfavourable consequences for cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and obesity, all of which are components of MetS. Further studies are required to evaluate the use of OPN levels as a clinical biomarker risk of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ipek Cicekli
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul 34752, Turkey
| | - Duygu Saglam
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul 34752, Turkey
| | - Nadir Takar
- Department of Family Medicine, Kartal Dr. Lutfi Kirdar City Hospital, Istanbul Provincial Directorate of Health, Istanbul 34865, Turkey
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12
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Levy E, Marcil V, Tagharist Ép Baumel S, Dahan N, Delvin E, Spahis S. Lactoferrin, Osteopontin and Lactoferrin–Osteopontin Complex: A Critical Look on Their Role in Perinatal Period and Cardiometabolic Disorders. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061394. [PMID: 36986124 PMCID: PMC10052990 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Milk-derived bioactive proteins have increasingly gained attention and consideration throughout the world due to their high-quality amino acids and multiple health-promoting attributes. Apparently, being at the forefront of functional foods, these bioactive proteins are also suggested as potential alternatives for the management of various complex diseases. In this review, we will focus on lactoferrin (LF) and osteopontin (OPN), two multifunctional dairy proteins, as well as to their naturally occurring bioactive LF–OPN complex. While describing their wide variety of physiological, biochemical, and nutritional functionalities, we will emphasize their specific roles in the perinatal period. Afterwards, we will evaluate their ability to control oxidative stress, inflammation, gut mucosal barrier, and intestinal microbiota in link with cardiometabolic disorders (CMD) (obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension) and associated complications (diabetes and atherosclerosis). This review will not only attempt to highlight the mechanisms of action, but it will critically discuss the potential therapeutic applications of the underlined bioactive proteins in CMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emile Levy
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Sainte-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montreal, C. P. 6205, succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3T5, Canada
| | - Valérie Marcil
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Sainte-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montreal, C. P. 6205, succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3T5, Canada
| | - Sarah Tagharist Ép Baumel
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Sainte-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montreal, C. P. 6205, succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3T5, Canada
| | - Noam Dahan
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Sainte-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Edgard Delvin
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Sainte-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Biochemistry &Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montreal, C. P. 6205, succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3T5, Canada
| | - Schohraya Spahis
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Sainte-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Biochemistry &Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montreal, C. P. 6205, succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3T5, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(514)-345-4832
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13
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Nagasaki K, Nagasaki A, Taylor JM, Kear BD, Ma Y, Somerman MJ, Gavrilova O. The RGD region of bone sialoprotein affects metabolic activity in mice. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2023.1124084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionBone sialoprotein (BSP) is a key regulator of mineralized tissue formation. Previously, we generated BSP-KAE knock-in mice (KAEKI mice) by substituting a non-function KAE (lysine-alanine-glutamic acid) for the integrin-binding RGD (arginine-glycine-aspartic acid) sequence and reported a vital role of the BSP-RGD motif in modulating the periodontal ligament (PDL). Specifically, histologically a disorganization of the PDL was noted, resulting in a weakened function of the PDL as measured by dynamic mechanical analysis. Intriguingly, also noted was a weight gain as KAEKI mice aged. While several proteins associated with mineralized tissues are reported to affect energy metabolism, the metabolic role of the BSP-RGD region has yet to be elucidated. Here we focus on defining the role of the BSP-RGD region in metabolic activity.MethodsBody weight, body composition, and caloric intake were measured in wild type (WT) and KAEKI mice. Energy expenditure was estimated using energy balance technique. Epididymal fat, interscapular fat, and liver were harvested for histological analysis. Systemic metabolic phenotype was assessed by sera analyses, insulin tolerance and glucose tolerance tests.ResultsThe results showed that KAEKI mice developed mild obesity starting from 13 weeks postnatal (wpn). The increase in body weight correlated with an increase in lean mass and visceral adiposity. Histological examination revealed adipocyte hypertrophy in white epididymal fat and interscapular brown fat in KAEKI vs. WT mice at 17 wpn. Metabolic profiling indicated that KAEKI mice had dyslipidemia and hyperleptinemia but no significant changes in glucose metabolism. Energy balance analyses revealed that hyperphagia preceded weight gain in KAEKI mice.ConclusionThese data suggest that the RGD region of BSP affects energy metabolism by regulating food intake, with further studies warranted to uncover the underlying mechanisms.
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Cadamuro M, Sarcognato S, Camerotto R, Girardi N, Lasagni A, Zanus G, Cillo U, Gringeri E, Morana G, Strazzabosco M, Campello E, Simioni P, Guido M, Fabris L. Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Developing in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome Is Characterized by Osteopontin Overexpression in the Tumor Stroma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054748. [PMID: 36902188 PMCID: PMC10003180 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a common condition closely associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NAFLD/NASH). Recent meta-analyses show that MetS can be prodromal to intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) development, a liver tumor with features of biliary differentiation characterized by dense extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. Since ECM remodeling is a key event in the vascular complications of MetS, we aimed at evaluating whether MetS patients with iCCA present qualitative and quantitative changes in the ECM able to incite biliary tumorigenesis. In 22 iCCAs with MetS undergoing surgical resection, we found a significantly increased deposition of osteopontin (OPN), tenascin C (TnC), and periostin (POSTN) compared to the matched peritumoral areas. Moreover, OPN deposition in MetS iCCAs was also significantly increased when compared to iCCA samples without MetS (non-MetS iCCAs, n = 44). OPN, TnC, and POSTN significantly stimulated cell motility and the cancer-stem-cell-like phenotype in HuCCT-1 (human iCCA cell line). In MetS iCCAs, fibrosis distribution and components differed quantitatively and qualitatively from non-MetS iCCAs. We therefore propose overexpression of OPN as a distinctive trait of MetS iCCA. Since OPN stimulates malignant properties of iCCA cells, it may provide an interesting predictive biomarker and a putative therapeutic target in MetS patients with iCCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Cadamuro
- General Internal Medicine Unit, Padua University-Hospital, 35128 Padua, Italy
- Department of Medicine—DIMED, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (L.F.); Tel.: +39-049-826-6113 (M.C.); +39-049-821-3131 (L.F.)
| | - Samantha Sarcognato
- Department of Pathology, Azienda ULSS2 Marca Trevigiana, 31100 Treviso, Italy
| | - Riccardo Camerotto
- Department of Molecular Medicine (DMM), University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Noemi Girardi
- Department of Molecular Medicine (DMM), University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Alberto Lasagni
- General Internal Medicine Unit, Padua University-Hospital, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Giacomo Zanus
- 4th Surgery Unit, Azienda ULSS2 Marca Trevigiana, 31100 Treviso, Italy
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology—DISCOG, University of Padova, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Umberto Cillo
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology—DISCOG, University of Padova, 35128 Padua, Italy
- Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation Unit, Padua University-Hospital, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Enrico Gringeri
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology—DISCOG, University of Padova, 35128 Padua, Italy
- Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation Unit, Padua University-Hospital, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Giovanni Morana
- Division of Radiology, Treviso Regional Hospital, 31100 Treviso, Italy
| | - Mario Strazzabosco
- Digestive Disease Section, Liver Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Elena Campello
- General Internal Medicine Unit, Padua University-Hospital, 35128 Padua, Italy
- Department of Medicine—DIMED, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy
- Thrombotic and Haemorrhagic Disease Unit and Haemophilia Center, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Paolo Simioni
- General Internal Medicine Unit, Padua University-Hospital, 35128 Padua, Italy
- Department of Medicine—DIMED, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy
- Thrombotic and Haemorrhagic Disease Unit and Haemophilia Center, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Maria Guido
- Department of Medicine—DIMED, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy
- Department of Pathology, Azienda ULSS2 Marca Trevigiana, 31100 Treviso, Italy
| | - Luca Fabris
- General Internal Medicine Unit, Padua University-Hospital, 35128 Padua, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine (DMM), University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy
- Digestive Disease Section, Liver Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (L.F.); Tel.: +39-049-826-6113 (M.C.); +39-049-821-3131 (L.F.)
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15
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Roy I, Jover E, Matilla L, Alvarez V, Fernández-Celis A, Beunza M, Escribano E, Gainza A, Sádaba R, López-Andrés N. Soluble ST2 as a New Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Marker in Metabolic Syndrome. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20032579. [PMID: 36767947 PMCID: PMC9915842 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a complex and prevalent disorder. Oxidative stress and inflammation might contribute to the progression of MS. Soluble ST2 (sST2) is an attractive and druggable molecule that sits at the interface between inflammation, oxidative stress and fibrosis. This study aims to analyze the relationship among sST2, oxidative stress, inflammation and echocardiographic parameters in MS patients. METHODS Fifty-eight patients with MS were recruited and underwent physical, laboratory and transthoracic echocardiography examinations. Commercial ELISA and appropriate colorimetric assays were used to quantify serum levels of oxidative stress and inflammation markers and sST2. RESULTS Circulating sST2 was increased in MS patients and was significantly correlated with the oxidative stress markers nitrotyrosine and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine as well as with peroxide levels. The inflammatory parameters interleukin-6, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and myeloperoxidase were positively correlated with sST2. Noteworthy, sST2 was positively correlated with left ventricular mass, filling pressures and pulmonary arterial pressures. CONCLUSION Circulating levels of sST2 are associated with oxidative stress and inflammation burden and may underlie the pathological remodeling and dysfunction of the heart in MS patients. Our results suggest that sST2 elevation precedes diastolic dysfunction, emerging as an attractive biotarget in MS.
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16
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Exercise-induced responses in matrix metalloproteinases and osteopontin are not moderated by exercise format in males with overweight or obesity. Eur J Appl Physiol 2023; 123:1115-1124. [PMID: 36648516 PMCID: PMC10119240 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05133-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and -3 (MMP-3), and osteopontin (OPN) are associated with adipose-tissue expansion and development of metabolic disease. The purpose of the current study was to assess the circulating concentration of these markers, along with adiponectin and glucose concentrations, in response to acute exercise in individuals with overweight or obesity. METHODS Fourteen sedentary males with overweight or obesity (29.0 ± 3.1 kg/m2) completed two separate, 3-day trials in randomised and counterbalanced order. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed on each day of the trial. Day two of each trial consisted of a single 30 min workload-matched bout of either high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE; alternating 100% and 50% of peak pulmonary oxygen uptake, [Formula: see text]O2peak) or continuous moderate intensity (CME; 60% [Formula: see text]O2peak) cycling completed 1 h prior to the OGTT. Glucose and physical activity were continuously monitored, while MMP-2, MMP-3, OPN and adiponectin were measured pre-, 0 h post-, 1 h post- and 25 h post-exercise. RESULTS Exercise transiently increased MMP-3 and decreased OPN (both p < 0.01), but not MMP-2 or adiponectin. There were no differences in the response of inflammatory markers to the different exercise formats. Exercise increased mean daily glucose concentration and area under the glucose curve during the OGTT on Day 2 and Day 3 (main effect of time; p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Acute cycling exercise decreased OPN, which is consistent with longer term improvements in cardiometabolic health and increased MMP-3, which is consistent with its role in tissue remodelling. Interestingly, exercise performed prior to the morning OGTT augmented the glucose concentrations in males. TRIAL REGISTRATION ACTRN12613001086752.
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17
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Immune mechanisms linking metabolic injury to inflammation and fibrosis in fatty liver disease - novel insights into cellular communication circuits. J Hepatol 2022; 77:1136-1160. [PMID: 35750137 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2022.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent chronic liver disease and is emerging as the leading cause of cirrhosis, liver transplantation and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). NAFLD is a metabolic disease that is considered the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome; however, during the evolution of NAFLD from steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), to more advanced stages of NASH with liver fibrosis, the immune system plays an integral role. Triggers for inflammation are rooted in hepatic (lipid overload, lipotoxicity, oxidative stress) and extrahepatic (gut-liver axis, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle) systems, resulting in unique immune-mediated pathomechanisms in NAFLD. In recent years, the implementation of single-cell RNA-sequencing and high dimensional multi-omics (proteogenomics, lipidomics) and spatial transcriptomics have tremendously advanced our understanding of the complex heterogeneity of various liver immune cell subsets in health and disease. In NAFLD, several emerging inflammatory mechanisms have been uncovered, including profound macrophage heterogeneity, auto-aggressive T cells, the role of unconventional T cells and platelet-immune cell interactions, potentially yielding novel therapeutics. In this review, we will highlight the recent discoveries related to inflammation in NAFLD, discuss the role of immune cell subsets during the different stages of the disease (including disease regression) and integrate the multiple systems driving inflammation. We propose a refined concept by which the immune system contributes to all stages of NAFLD and discuss open scientific questions arising from this paradigm shift that need to be unravelled in the coming years. Finally, we discuss novel therapeutic approaches to target the multiple triggers of inflammation, including combination therapy via nuclear receptors (FXR agonists, PPAR agonists).
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18
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Karampatsou SI, Paltoglou G, Genitsaridi SM, Kassari P, Charmandari E. The Effect of a Comprehensive Life-Style Intervention Program of Diet and Exercise on Four Bone-Derived Proteins, FGF-23, Osteopontin, NGAL and Sclerostin, in Overweight or Obese Children and Adolescents. Nutrients 2022; 14:3772. [PMID: 36145151 PMCID: PMC9505283 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The adipose and bone tissues demonstrate considerable interconnected endocrine function. In the present study, we determined the concentrations of fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23), osteopontin, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and sclerostin in 345 children and adolescents who were overweight or obese (mean age ± SD mean: 10.36 ± 0.16 years; 172 males, 173 females; 181 prepubertal; and 164 pubertal) before and after their participation in a comprehensive life-style intervention program of diet and exercise for one year. Following the one-year life-style interventions, there was a significant decrease in BMI (p < 0.01), FGF-23 (p < 0.05), osteopontin (p < 0.01) and NGAL (p < 0.01), and an increase in sclerostin (p < 0.01) concentrations. BMI z-score (b = 0.242, p < 0.05) and fat mass (b = 0.431, p < 0.05) were the best positive predictors and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) (b = −0.344, p < 0.05) was the best negative predictor of the change of osteopontin. NGAL concentrations correlated positively with HbA1C (b = 0.326, p < 0.05), WHtR (b = 0.439, p < 0.05) and HOMA-IR (b = 0.401, p < 0.05), while BMI (b = 0.264, p < 0.05), fat mass (b = 1.207, p < 0.05), HDL (b = 0.359, p < 0.05) and waist circumference (b = 0.263, p < 0.05) were the best positive predictors of NGAL. These results indicate that FGF-23, osteopontin, NGAL and sclerostin are associated with being overweight or obese and are altered in relation to alterations in BMI. They also indicate a crosstalk between adipose tissue and bone tissue and may play a role as potential biomarkers of glucose metabolism. Further studies are required to delineate the physiological mechanisms underlying this association in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia I. Karampatsou
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - George Paltoglou
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Sofia M. Genitsaridi
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Penio Kassari
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelia Charmandari
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
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19
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Guilliams M, Scott CL. Liver macrophages in health and disease. Immunity 2022; 55:1515-1529. [PMID: 36103850 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Single-cell and spatial transcriptomic technologies have revealed an underappreciated heterogeneity of liver macrophages. This has led us to rethink the involvement of macrophages in liver homeostasis and disease. Identification of conserved gene signatures within these cells across species and diseases is enabling the correct identification of specific macrophage subsets and the generation of more specific tools to track and study the functions of these cells. Here, we discuss what is currently known about the definitions of these different macrophage populations, the markers that can be used to identify them, how they are wired within the liver, and their functional specializations in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Guilliams
- Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Biology in Tissue Homeostasis and Regeneration, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, Ghent 9052, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Charlotte L Scott
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Biology in Tissue Damage and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, Ghent 9052, Belgium; Department of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Castletroy, County Limerick, Ireland.
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20
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Tao Y, Jiang Q, Wang Q. Adipose tissue macrophages in remote modulation of hepatic glucose production. Front Immunol 2022; 13:998947. [PMID: 36091076 PMCID: PMC9449693 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.998947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic glucose production (HGP) is fine-regulated via glycogenolysis or gluconeogenesis to maintain physiological concentration of blood glucose during fasting-feeding cycle. Aberrant HGP leads to hyperglycemia in obesity-associated diabetes. Adipose tissue cooperates with the liver to regulate glycolipid metabolism. During these processes, adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) change their profiles with various physio-pathological settings, producing diverse effects on HGP. Here, we briefly review the distinct phenotypes of ATMs under different nutrition states including feeding, fasting or overnutrition, and detail their effects on HGP. We discuss several pathways by which ATMs regulate hepatic gluconeogenesis or glycogenolysis, leading to favorable or unfavorable metabolic consequences. Furthermore, we summarize emerging therapeutic targets to correct metabolic disorders in morbid obesity or diabetes based on ATM-HGP axis. This review puts forward the importance and flexibility of ATMs in regulating HGP, proposing ATM-based HGP modulation as a potential therapeutic approach for obesity-associated metabolic dysfunction.
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21
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Becerikli M, Reinkemeier F, Dadras M, Wallner C, Wagner JM, Drysch M, Sogorski A, von Glinski M, Lehnhardt M, Hahn SA, Behr B. TGF-beta pathway inhibition as the therapeutic acceleration of diabetic bone regeneration. J Orthop Res 2022; 40:1810-1826. [PMID: 34775640 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Bone regeneration and fracture healing are impaired in diabetic patients due to defective functions of associated cells. Thus, the search for molecular causes and new treatment strategies are of particular clinical relevance. We investigated the gene expression profile of bones from type 2 diabetic (db- /db- ) mice and wild-type (wt) mice by comparative microarray analyses before and after placing tibial defects and examined the expression of several osteogenesis- and osteoclastogenesis-related markers by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. In regenerating wt bones, pathways related to, for example, inhibition of matrix metalloproteases were activated, whereas in db- /db- bones activation of pathways related to, for example, osteoarthritis, transforming growth factor-beta (Tgfb), or hypoxia-inducible factor 1a were detected during regeneration. We defined the Tgfb pathway as a potential therapeutic target and locally applied a single dose (0.5 µg) of the Tgfb 1, 2, and 3 neutralizing antibody 1D11 on tibial defects in db- /db- mice (n = 7). Seven days postoperation, histological and immunohistochemical stainings were performed. Decreased bone regeneration, osteogenic differentiation, osteoclast invasion, and angiogenesis in db- /db- mice were significantly restored by local 1D11 application in comparison to the phosphate-buffered saline controls. Thus, local treatment of db- /db- bony defects with Tgfb neutralizing antibody 1D11 might be considered a good candidate for the successful acceleration of bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Becerikli
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Felix Reinkemeier
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Mehran Dadras
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Christoph Wallner
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Johannes M Wagner
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Marius Drysch
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Alexander Sogorski
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Maxi von Glinski
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Marcus Lehnhardt
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Stephan A Hahn
- Department of Molecular GI-Oncology (MGO), Clinical Research Center (ZKF), Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Björn Behr
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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22
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Nagasaki K, Gavrilova O, Hajishengallis G, Somerman MJ. Does the RGD region of certain proteins affect metabolic activity? FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2022.974862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A better understanding of the role of mineralized tissues and their associated factors in governing whole-body metabolism should be of value toward informing clinical strategies to treat mineralized tissue and metabolic disorders, such as diabetes and obesity. This perspective provides evidence suggesting a role for the arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) region, a sequence identified in several proteins secreted by bone cells, as well as other cells, in modulating systemic metabolic activity. We focus on (a) two of the SIBLING (small integrin-binding ligand, N-linked glycoprotein) family genes/proteins, bone sialoprotein (BSP) and osteopontin (OPN), (b) insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 & 2 (IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2) and (c) developmental endothelial locus 1 (DEL1) and milk fat globule–EGF factor-8 (MFG-E8). In addition, for our readers to appreciate the mounting evidence that a multitude of bone secreted factors affect the activity of other tissues, we provide a brief overview of other proteins, to include fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), phosphatase orphan 1 (PHOSPHO1), osteocalcin (OCN/BGLAP), tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) and acidic serine aspartic-rich MEPE-associated motif (ASARM), along with known/suggested functions of these factors in influencing energy metabolism.
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23
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Weng X, Maxwell-Warburton S, Hasib A, Ma L, Kang L. The membrane receptor CD44: novel insights into metabolism. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2022; 33:318-332. [PMID: 35249813 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
CD44, a cell-surface glycoprotein, has long been studied as a cancer molecule due to its essential role in physiological activities in normal cells and pathological activities in cancer cells, such as cell proliferation, adhesion, and migration; angiogenesis; inflammation; and cytoskeleton rearrangement. Yet, recent evidence suggests a role of CD44 in metabolism, especially insulin resistance in obesity and diabetes. In line with the current concept of fibroinflammation in obesity and insulin resistance, CD44 as the main receptor of the extracellular matrix component, hyaluronan (HA), has been shown to regulate diet-induced insulin resistance in muscle and other insulin-sensitive tissues. In this review, we integrate current evidence for a role of CD44 in regulating glucose and lipid homeostasis and speculate about its involvement in the pathogenesis of chronic metabolic diseases, including obesity and diabetes. We summarize the current development of CD44-targeted therapies and discuss its potential for the use in treating metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Weng
- Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | | | - Annie Hasib
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Lifeng Ma
- School of Medicine, Xizang Minzhu University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Li Kang
- Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.
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24
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Wang W, Liu X, Wei P, Ye F, Chen Y, Shi L, Zhang X, Li J, Lin S, Yang X. SPP1 and CXCL9 Promote Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis Progression Based on Bioinformatics Analysis and Experimental Studies. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:862278. [PMID: 35514751 PMCID: PMC9063562 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.862278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major chronic liver disease worldwide, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is one of its pathological subtypes. The pathogenesis of NASH has not yet been fully elucidated. The purpose of this study was to identify the hub genes and pathways involved in NASH using bioinformatics methods. The hub genes were confirmed in human and animal models. Materials and Methods Three Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets (GSE48452, GSE58979, and GSE151158) of NASH patients and healthy controls were included in the study. We used GEO2R to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between NASH patients and healthy controls. Functional enrichment analyses were then performed to explore the potential functions and pathways of the DEGs. In all DEGs, only two genes were highly expressed in NASH patients throughout the three datasets; these two genes, SPP1 and CXCL9, were further studied. Serum and liver tissues from NASH patients and healthy controls were collected. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were measured in NASH patients and healthy controls. Liver tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Immunohistochemical staining was used to evaluate the expression levels of the two genes in liver tissues. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a methionine choline-deficient (MCD) diet for 8 weeks, after which serum ALT and AST levels were measured and liver tissues were stained. Results SPP1 and CXCL9 were the hub genes detected in the three datasets. “Lipid metabolism,” “inflammatory response,” and “lymphocyte activation” were the most significant biological functions in GSE48452, GSE58979, and GSE151158, respectively. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis showed that the toll-like receptor signaling pathway was significantly enriched in NASH patients. Serum ALT and AST levels were significantly increased in NASH patients compared to healthy controls. Liver tissues had more serious steatosis, hepatocyte ballooning degeneration, and lobular inflammatory infiltration, and the expression of SPP1 and CXCL9 in liver cells was significantly upregulated in NASH patients compared to healthy controls. MCD diet mice were consistent with NASH patients. Conclusion SPP1 and CXCL9 may play important roles in NASH pathogenesis and could be potential therapeutic targets and biomarkers of NASH in the future. Further experimental studies are needed to confirm our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Peiyao Wei
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Feng Ye
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yunru Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jianzhou Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shumei Lin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Shumei Lin
| | - Xueliang Yang
- Department of Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- *Correspondence: Xueliang Yang
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25
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Thromboinflammatory Processes at the Nexus of Metabolic Dysfunction and Prostate Cancer: The Emerging Role of Periprostatic Adipose Tissue. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071679. [PMID: 35406450 PMCID: PMC8996963 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary As overweight and obesity increase among the population worldwide, a parallel increase in the number of individuals diagnosed with prostate cancer was observed. There appears to be a relationship between both diseases where the increase in the mass of fat tissue can lead to inflammation. Such a state of inflammation could produce many factors that increase the aggressiveness of prostate cancer, especially if this inflammation occurred in the fat stores adjacent to the prostate. Another important observation that links obesity, fat tissue inflammation, and prostate cancer is the increased production of blood clotting factors. In this article, we attempt to explain the role of these latter factors in the effect of increased body weight on the progression of prostate cancer and propose new ways of treatment that act by affecting how these clotting factors work. Abstract The increased global prevalence of metabolic disorders including obesity, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and diabetes is mirrored by an increased incidence of prostate cancer (PCa). Ample evidence suggests that these metabolic disorders, being characterized by adipose tissue (AT) expansion and inflammation, not only present as risk factors for the development of PCa, but also drive its increased aggressiveness, enhanced progression, and metastasis. Despite the emerging molecular mechanisms linking AT dysfunction to the various hallmarks of PCa, thromboinflammatory processes implicated in the crosstalk between these diseases have not been thoroughly investigated. This is of particular importance as both diseases present states of hypercoagulability. Accumulating evidence implicates tissue factor, thrombin, and active factor X as well as other players of the coagulation cascade in the pathophysiological processes driving cancer development and progression. In this regard, it becomes pivotal to elucidate the thromboinflammatory processes occurring in the periprostatic adipose tissue (PPAT), a fundamental microenvironmental niche of the prostate. Here, we highlight key findings linking thromboinflammation and the pleiotropic effects of coagulation factors and their inhibitors in metabolic diseases, PCa, and their crosstalk. We also propose several novel therapeutic targets and therapeutic interventions possibly modulating the interaction between these pathological states.
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26
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Xu C, Wu Y, Liu N. Osteopontin in autoimmune disorders: current knowledge and future perspective. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:385-396. [PMID: 35235108 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-00932-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a multifunctional cytokine and adhesion molecule, as well as an unusual regulator for both innate and adaptive immune responses. Several immune cells can produce OPN, including dendritic cells (DCs), macrophages, and T lymphocytes. OPN expression is reported to be increased in a wide range of disorders, including autoimmunity, cancer, and allergy. The overexpression of OPN in several autoimmune disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), multiple sclerosis (MS), Type 1 diabetes (T1D), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), Sjögren's, and myasthenia gravis, have been shown to be correlated with disease severity. Regarding the important regulatory roles of OPN in the immune system, this study aimed to review the role of this molecule in autoimmune disorders and to provide a complete view of the current knowledge in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canhua Xu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital, No. 16, Meiguan Avenue, Zhanggong District, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yaohong Wu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital, No. 16, Meiguan Avenue, Zhanggong District, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital, No. 16, Meiguan Avenue, Zhanggong District, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China.
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Snelder SM, Pouw N, Aga Y, Castro Cabezas M, Biter LU, Zijlstra F, Kardys I, van Dalen BM. Cardiovascular Biomarker Profiles in Obesity and Relation to Normalization of Subclinical Cardiac Dysfunction after Bariatric Surgery. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030422. [PMID: 35159232 PMCID: PMC8834585 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: We aimed to gain insight into the underlying pathophysiology of cardiac dysfunction in obesity patients and the improvement of cardiac function after weight loss. Methods: This is a longitudinal study in which 92 cardiovascular biomarkers were measured by multiplex immunoassays in obesity patients without known cardiovascular disease, before and one year after bariatric surgery. Results: Out of 100 eligible patients, 72 patients completed the follow-up. A total of 72 (78%) biomarkers changed significantly. The biomarkers with the highest relative changes represented processes linked mainly to insulin resistance and inflammation. In the patients with persistent subclinical cardiac dysfunction, the baseline values of 10 biomarkers were different from values in patients with normalization of cardiac function. Most of these biomarkers were linked to inflammation or atherosclerosis. Finally, a model was developed to investigate the relationship between changes in the biomarkers and persistent subclinical cardiac dysfunction. Seven biomarkers were retained in this model, mainly linked to inflammation, atherosclerosis, and hypercoagulability. Conclusion: The majority (78%) of cardiovascular biomarkers changed, pointing mainly to modulation of insulin resistance and inflammation. The baseline levels of 10 biomarkers, as well as pre- to post-bariatric surgery changes in seven biomarkers, were related to persistent subclinical cardiac dysfunction after bariatric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne M. Snelder
- Department of Cardiology, Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, 3045 PM Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (S.M.S.); (Y.A.)
| | - Nadine Pouw
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, 3045 PM Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Yaar Aga
- Department of Cardiology, Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, 3045 PM Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (S.M.S.); (Y.A.)
| | - Manuel Castro Cabezas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, 3045 PM Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - L. Ulas Biter
- Department of Surgery, Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, 3045 PM Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Felix Zijlstra
- Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (F.Z.); (I.K.)
| | - Isabella Kardys
- Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (F.Z.); (I.K.)
| | - Bas M. van Dalen
- Department of Cardiology, Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, 3045 PM Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (S.M.S.); (Y.A.)
- Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (F.Z.); (I.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-10-4616139
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28
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Lin C, Chen Z, Guo D, Zhou L, Lin S, Li C, Li S, Wang X, Lin B, Ding Y. Increased expression of osteopontin in subchondral bone promotes bone turnover and remodeling, and accelerates the progression of OA in a mouse model. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:253-271. [PMID: 34982732 PMCID: PMC8791213 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) has been proved to be closely related to the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA), but the role of OPN in the pathogenesis of OA has not been fully clarified. Current studies on OPN in OA mostly focus on articular cartilage, synovial membrane and articular fluid, while ignoring its role in OA subchondral bone turnover and remodeling. In this study, we used a destabilization OA mouse model to investigate the role of OPN in OA subchondral bone changes. Our results indicate that increased expression of OPN accelerates the turnover and remodeling of OA subchondral bone, promotes the formation of h-type vessels in subchondral bone, and mediates articular cartilage degeneration induced by subchondral bone metabolism. In addition, our results confirmed that inhibition of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway inhibits OPN-mediated OA subchondral bone remodeling and cartilage degeneration. This study revealed the role and mechanism of OPN in OA subchondral bone, which is of great significance for exploring specific biological indicators for early diagnosis of OA and monitoring disease progression, as well as for developing drugs to regulate the metabolism and turnover of subchondral bone and alleviate the subchondral bone sclerosis of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuangxin Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, P.R. China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou 515000, P.R. China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, P.R. China
| | - Dong Guo
- Department of Joint Surgery, Center for Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P.R China
| | - Laixi Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou 515000, P.R. China
| | - Sipeng Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, P.R. China
| | - Changchuan Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, P.R. China
| | - Shixun Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, P.R. China
| | - Xinjia Wang
- Department of Orthopedic, Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, P.R. China
| | - Bendan Lin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou 515000, P.R. China
| | - Yue Ding
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, P.R. China
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29
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Montecucco F, Montecucco F. Osteopontin in CardioMetabolic Medicine: a risk stratification biomarker with future therapeutic implication? Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:4314-4316. [PMID: 34963431 DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666211228113716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Federico Montecucco
- First Clinic of internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- RCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa - Italian Cardiovascular Network, 10 Largo Benzi, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Montecucco
- First Clinic of internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa - Italian Cardiovascular Network, 10 Largo Benzi, 16132 Genoa, Italy
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30
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Al-Rawaf HA, Alghadir AH, Gabr SA. Expression of Circulating MicroRNAs and Myokines and Interactions with Serum Osteopontin in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Moderate and Poor Glycemic Control: A Biochemical and Molecular Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:7453000. [PMID: 34917685 PMCID: PMC8670937 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7453000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cellular miRNAs are expressed in tissue fluids with sufficient amounts and were identified as potential molecular targets for studying the physiological mechanisms and correlations with many human diseases particularly diabetes. However, molecular-based changes among older adults with diabetes mellitus (DM) are rarely fully elucidated. AIM This study is aimed at identifying circulating miRNAs, which hold the potential to serve as biomarkers for the immune-inflammatory changes in older T2D patients with moderate and poor glycemic control status. In addition, the association of both myokines and osteopontin (OPN) levels with circulating miRNAs was identified. METHODS A total of 80 subjects aged 20-80 years were invited during the period of October 2017-May 2018 to participate in this descriptive cross-sectional study. All subjects were diagnosed with T2D for more than 5 years. Subjects were grouped based on glycemic control (HbA1c values) into two groups: moderate glycemic control (>7-8% HbA1c, no = 30) and poor glycemic control (>8% HbA1c, no = 50), respectively. Diabetic control parameters, fasting blood sugar (FS), HbA1c, fasting insulin (IF), insulin resistance (IR), HOMA-IR, inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, IL-18, IL-23, TNF-α, and CRP), osteopontin, and myokines (adropin and irisin) were estimated by colorimetric and immune ELISA assays, respectively. In addition, real-time RT-PCR analysis was performed to evaluate the expression of circulating miRNAs, miR-146a and miR-144, in the serum of all diabetic subjects. RESULTS In this study, T2D patients with poor glycemic control showed a significant increase in the serum levels of IL-6, IL-8, IL-18, IL-23, TNF-α, CRP, and OPN and a reduction in the levels of myokines, adropin and irisin, compared to patients with moderate glycemic control. The results obtained are significantly correlated with the severity of diabetes measured by HbA1c, FS, IF, and HOMA-IR. In addition, baseline expression of miR-146a is significantly reduced and miR-144 is significantly increased in T2D patients with poor glycemic control compared to those with moderate glycemic control. In all diabetic groups, the expression of miR-146a and miR-144 is significantly correlated with diabetic controls, inflammatory cytokines, myokines, and serum levels of OPN. Respective of gender, women with T2D showed more significant change in the expressed miRNAs, inflammatory cytokines, OPN, and serum myokine markers compared to men. ROC analysis identified AUC cutoff values of miR-146a, miR-144, adropin, irisin, and OPN expression levels with considerable specificity and sensitivity which recommends the potential use of adropin, irisin, and OPN as diagnostic biomarkers for diabetes with varying glycemic control status. CONCLUSION In this study, molecular expression of certain microRNA species, such as miR-146a and miR-144, was identified and significantly associated with parameters of disease severity, HbA1c, inflammatory cytokines, myokines, and serum osteopontin in T2D patients with moderate and poor glycemic control. The AUC cutoff values of circulating miRNAs, miR-146a and miR-144; myokines, adropin and irisin; and serum OPN were significantly identified by ROC analysis which additionally recommends the potential use of these biomarkers, miR-146a, miR-144, adropin, irisin, and OPN, as diagnostic biomarkers with considerable specificity and sensitivity for diabetes in patients with varying glycemic control status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadeel A. Al-Rawaf
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad H. Alghadir
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami A. Gabr
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
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31
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Marcelin G, Clément K. The multifaceted progenitor fates in healthy or unhealthy adipose tissue during obesity. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2021; 22:1111-1119. [PMID: 34105090 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-021-09662-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
While obesity is defined as an excessive fat accumulation conferring a risk to metabolic health, increased adipose mass by itself does not fully explain obesity's propensity to promote metabolic alterations. Adipose tissue regulates multiple processes critical for energy homeostasis and its dysfunction favors the development and perpetuation of metabolic diseases. Obesity drives inflammatory leucocyte infiltration in adipose tissue and fibrotic transformation of the fat depots. Both features associate with metabolic alterations such as impaired glucose control and resistance to fat mass loss. In this context, adipose progenitors, an heterogenous resident population of mesenchymal stromal cells, display functions important to shape healthy or unhealthy adipose tissue expansion. We, here, outline the current understanding of adipose progenitor biology in the context of obesity-induced adipose tissue remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geneviève Marcelin
- Nutrition and Obesities : Systemic Approaches (NutriOmics, UMRS U1269), Sorbonne Universités, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Karine Clément
- Nutrition and Obesities : Systemic Approaches (NutriOmics, UMRS U1269), Sorbonne Universités, INSERM, Paris, France.
- Nutrition Department, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, CRNH Ile de France, 75013, Paris, France.
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Abstract
Obesity is a chronic and progressive process affecting whole-body energy balance and is associated with comorbidities development. In addition to increased fat mass, obesity induces white adipose tissue (WAT) inflammation and fibrosis, leading to local and systemic metabolic dysfunctions, such as insulin resistance (IR). Accordingly, limiting inflammation or fibrosis deposition may improve IR and glucose homeostasis. Although no targeted therapy yet exists to slow or reverse adipose tissue fibrosis, a number of findings have clarified the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms. In this review, we highlight adipose tissue remodeling events shown to be associated with fibrosis deposition, with a focus on adipose progenitors involved in obesity-induced healthy as well as unhealthy WAT expansion. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Physiology, Volume 84 is February 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geneviève Marcelin
- INSERM, Nutrition and Obesities: Systemic Approach (NutriOmics) Research Unit, UMRS U1269, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; ,
| | | | - Karine Clément
- INSERM, Nutrition and Obesities: Systemic Approach (NutriOmics) Research Unit, UMRS U1269, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; , .,Nutrition Department, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
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覃 碧, 刁 娜, 白 岚. [Parathyroid hormone-related protein aggravates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease induced by methionine choline-deficient diet in mice]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2021; 41:1037-1043. [PMID: 34308853 PMCID: PMC8329677 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2021.07.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the effect of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) induced by methionine choline-deficient diet (MCD) in mice. METHODS Twelve male C57BL/6J mice were randomized into blank control group, vehicle group and PTHrP group (n=4). The mice in vehicle group and PTHrP group received injections of a control adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector and an AVV vector carrying PTHrP (AAV-PTHrP) gene, respectively, followed one week later by MCD feeding for 3 weeks; the mice in the blank control were fed a normal diet for 4 weeks. Body weight changes of the mice were monitored during the experiment. At the end of the experiment, liver tissues were harvested from the mice for histological analysis using HE staining, oil red O staining, and Sirius red staining. The levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), triglyceride, and free fatty acids (FFAs) in the liver and serum were detected to assess hepatic impairment and lipid metabolism of the mice. Cell models of NAFLD were established in mouse and human normal liver cells by treatment with 250 μmol/L FFAs for 24 h, and the effect of AAV-PTHrP on lipid deposition and viability of the cells were tested using Oil Red O and Nile red staining and CCK8 assay. RESULTS Treatment with AAV-PTHrP, as compared with the control AVV vector, caused more rapid reduction of body weight in mice with MCD feeding and significantly increased the levels of AST (P < 0.05), ALT (P < 0.05), triglyceride (P < 0.01) and FFA (P < 0.05) in the liver and the scores of NAS (P < 0.01) and SAF (P < 0.05). HE and Oil red O staining of the liver tissue revealed obvious lipid deposition after MCD feeding, which was more serious in PTHrP group. In the cell experiment, FFAs induced steatosis in both mouse and human hepatocytes, and treatment with PTHrP increased the accumulation of lipid droplets and lowered the viability of the cell model of NAFLD (P < 0.01 or 0.05). CONCLUSION PTHrP may aggravate MCD-induced NAFLD in mice by promoting the deposition of lipid droplets in the hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- 碧艳 覃
- 南方医科大学南方医院消化内科广东省胃肠疾病重点实验室,广东 广州 510515Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 娜 刁
- 中山大学附属第六医院消化内科//广东省结直肠盆底疾病重点实验室,广东 广州 510655Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology, Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - 岚 白
- 南方医科大学南方医院消化内科广东省胃肠疾病重点实验室,广东 广州 510515Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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Endocrine role of bone in the regulation of energy metabolism. Bone Res 2021; 9:25. [PMID: 34016950 PMCID: PMC8137703 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-021-00142-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone mainly functions as a supportive framework for the whole body and is the major regulator of calcium homeostasis and hematopoietic function. Recently, an increasing number of studies have characterized the significance of bone as an endocrine organ, suggesting that bone-derived factors regulate local bone metabolism and metabolic functions. In addition, these factors can regulate global energy homeostasis by altering insulin sensitivity, feeding behavior, and adipocyte commitment. These findings may provide a new pathological mechanism for related metabolic diseases or be used in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of metabolic diseases such as osteoporosis, obesity, and diabetes mellitus. In this review, we summarize the regulatory effect of bone and bone-derived factors on energy metabolism and discuss directions for future research.
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Song Z, Chen W, Athavale D, Ge X, Desert R, Das S, Han H, Nieto N. Osteopontin Takes Center Stage in Chronic Liver Disease. Hepatology 2021; 73:1594-1608. [PMID: 32986864 PMCID: PMC8106357 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) was first identified in 1986. The prefix osteo- means bone; however, OPN is expressed in other tissues, including liver. The suffix -pontin means bridge and denotes the role of OPN as a link protein within the extracellular matrix. While OPN has well-established physiological roles, multiple "omics" analyses suggest that it is also involved in chronic liver disease. In this review, we provide a summary of the OPN gene and protein structure and regulation. We outline the current knowledge on how OPN is involved in hepatic steatosis in the context of alcoholic liver disease and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. We describe the mechanisms whereby OPN participates in inflammation and liver fibrosis and discuss current research on its role in hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiopathies. To conclude, we highlight important points to consider when doing research on OPN and provide direction for making progress on how OPN contributes to chronic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuolun Song
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Dipti Athavale
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Xiaodong Ge
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Romain Desert
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Sukanta Das
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Hui Han
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Natalia Nieto
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL,Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
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Osteopontin's relationship with malnutrition and oxidative stress in adolescents. A pilot study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249057. [PMID: 33765028 PMCID: PMC7993823 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a protein involved in inflammatory illnesses such as fibrosis and cancer; its overexpression in cardiovascular diseases promotes the biomineralization of blood vessels and other soft tissues. Moreover, there is an active component of oxidative stress related with those diseases. The present study relates serum OPN levels with nutritional condition and oxidative stress in a group of adolescents. Anthropometric measurements were performed, and fasting blood samples were analyzed to determine OPN concentrations, blood chemistry parameters (glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, urea, uric acid, and creatinine) and oxidative stress biomarkers (Paraoxonase-1, Glutathione S-Transferase, Catalase, NAD(P)H Quinone Oxidoreductase, free carbonyl groups and malondialdehyde). Adolescents were categorized according to body mass index (BMI) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) criteria. We found increased OPN serum concentrations in overweight and obese adolescents, as well as in adolescents with MetS. Rises in OPN correlated with arm circumference and biomarkers of lipid peroxidation; with regard to serum glucose there was a trend to positive correlation. Our results suggest that serum OPN is associated to nutritional status and could be considered as an early biomarker of low-grade inflammation and probably the early biomineralization of soft tissues in adolescence.
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Peiseler M, Tacke F. Inflammatory Mechanisms Underlying Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis and the Transition to Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:730. [PMID: 33578800 PMCID: PMC7916589 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a rising chronic liver disease and comprises a spectrum from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) to end-stage cirrhosis and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The pathogenesis of NAFLD is multifactorial, but inflammation is considered the key element of disease progression. The liver harbors an abundance of resident immune cells, that in concert with recruited immune cells, orchestrate steatohepatitis. While inflammatory processes drive fibrosis and disease progression in NASH, fueling the ground for HCC development, immunity also exerts antitumor activities. Furthermore, immunotherapy is a promising new treatment of HCC, warranting a more detailed understanding of inflammatory mechanisms underlying the progression of NASH and transition to HCC. Novel methodologies such as single-cell sequencing, genetic fate mapping, and intravital microscopy have unraveled complex mechanisms behind immune-mediated liver injury. In this review, we highlight some of the emerging paradigms, including macrophage heterogeneity, contributions of nonclassical immune cells, the role of the adaptive immune system, interorgan crosstalk with adipose tissue and gut microbiota. Furthermore, we summarize recent advances in preclinical and clinical studies aimed at modulating the inflammatory cascade and discuss how these novel therapeutic avenues may help in preventing or combating NAFLD-associated HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Peiseler
- Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
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Singh A, Tandon S, Tandon C. An update on vascular calcification and potential therapeutics. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:887-896. [PMID: 33394226 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-06086-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pathological calcification is a major cause of cardiovascular morbidities primarily in population with chronic kidney disease (CKD), end stage renal diseases (ERSD) and metabolic disorders. Investigators have accepted the fact that vascular calcification is not a passive process but a highly complex, cell mediated, active process in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) resulting from, metabolic insults of bone fragility, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis. Over the years, studies have revealed various mechanisms of vascular calcification like induction of bone formation, apoptosis, alteration in Ca-P balance and loss of inhibition. Novel clinical studies targeting cellular mechanisms of calcification provide promising and potential avenues for drug development. The interventions include phosphate binders, sodium thiosulphate, vitamin K, calcimimetics, vitamin D, bisphosphonates, Myoinositol hexaphosphate (IP6), Denosumab and TNAP inhibitors. Concurrently investigators are also working towards reversing or curing pathological calcification. This review focuses on the relationship of vascular calcification to clinical diseases, regulators and factors causing calcification including genetics which have been identified. At present, there is lack of any significant preventive measures for calcifications and hence this review explores further possibilities for drug development and treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anubha Singh
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology (AIB), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Simran Tandon
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Chanderdeep Tandon
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology (AIB), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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McQuitty CE, Williams R, Chokshi S, Urbani L. Immunomodulatory Role of the Extracellular Matrix Within the Liver Disease Microenvironment. Front Immunol 2020; 11:574276. [PMID: 33262757 PMCID: PMC7686550 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.574276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver disease when accompanied by underlying fibrosis, is characterized by an accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and chronic inflammation. Although traditionally considered as a passive and largely architectural structure, the ECM is now being recognized as a source of potent damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP)s with immune-active peptides and domains. In parallel, the ECM anchors a range of cytokines, chemokines and growth factors, all of which are capable of modulating immune responses. A growing body of evidence shows that ECM proteins themselves are capable of modulating immunity either directly via ligation with immune cell receptors including integrins and TLRs, or indirectly through release of immunoactive molecules such as cytokines which are stored within the ECM structure. Notably, ECM deposition and remodeling during injury and fibrosis can result in release or formation of ECM-DAMPs within the tissue, which can promote local inflammatory immune response and chemotactic immune cell recruitment and inflammation. It is well described that the ECM and immune response are interlinked and mutually participate in driving fibrosis, although their precise interactions in the context of chronic liver disease are poorly understood. This review aims to describe the known pro-/anti-inflammatory and fibrogenic properties of ECM proteins and DAMPs, with particular reference to the immunomodulatory properties of the ECM in the context of chronic liver disease. Finally, we discuss the importance of developing novel biotechnological platforms based on decellularized ECM-scaffolds, which provide opportunities to directly explore liver ECM-immune cell interactions in greater detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire E. McQuitty
- Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Roger Williams
- Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shilpa Chokshi
- Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Luca Urbani
- Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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Remmerie A, Martens L, Thoné T, Castoldi A, Seurinck R, Pavie B, Roels J, Vanneste B, De Prijck S, Vanhockerhout M, Binte Abdul Latib M, Devisscher L, Hoorens A, Bonnardel J, Vandamme N, Kremer A, Borghgraef P, Van Vlierberghe H, Lippens S, Pearce E, Saeys Y, Scott CL. Osteopontin Expression Identifies a Subset of Recruited Macrophages Distinct from Kupffer Cells in the Fatty Liver. Immunity 2020; 53:641-657.e14. [PMID: 32888418 PMCID: PMC7501731 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) represents a spectrum of disease states ranging from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Hepatic macrophages, specifically Kupffer cells (KCs), are suggested to play important roles in the pathogenesis of MAFLD through their activation, although the exact roles played by these cells remain unclear. Here, we demonstrated that KCs were reduced in MAFLD being replaced by macrophages originating from the bone marrow. Recruited macrophages existed in two subsets with distinct activation states, either closely resembling homeostatic KCs or lipid-associated macrophages (LAMs) from obese adipose tissue. Hepatic LAMs expressed Osteopontin, a biomarker for patients with NASH, linked with the development of fibrosis. Fitting with this, LAMs were found in regions of the liver with reduced numbers of KCs, characterized by increased Desmin expression. Together, our data highlight considerable heterogeneity within the macrophage pool and suggest a need for more specific macrophage targeting strategies in MAFLD. Resident KCs are lost with time in MAFLD Resident KCs are replaced by distinct subsets of bone marrow derived macrophages One subset of recruited macrophages termed hepatic LAMs, express Osteopontin Hepatic LAMs are found in zones characterized by increased Desmin expression
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneleen Remmerie
- Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Biology in Tissue Damage and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, Ghent 9052, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Liesbet Martens
- Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Biology in Tissue Damage and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, Ghent 9052, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Biology in Tissue Homeostasis and Regeneration, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, Ghent 9052, Belgium
| | - Tinne Thoné
- Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Biology in Tissue Damage and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, Ghent 9052, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Biology in Tissue Homeostasis and Regeneration, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, Ghent 9052, Belgium
| | - Angela Castoldi
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ruth Seurinck
- Data Mining and Modelling for Biomedicine, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, Ghent 9052, Belgium; Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Faculty of Science, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Benjamin Pavie
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; VIB BioImaging Core, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, Ghent 9052, Belgium
| | - Joris Roels
- Data Mining and Modelling for Biomedicine, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, Ghent 9052, Belgium; Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Faculty of Science, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bavo Vanneste
- Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Biology in Tissue Damage and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, Ghent 9052, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Biology in Tissue Homeostasis and Regeneration, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, Ghent 9052, Belgium
| | - Sofie De Prijck
- Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Biology in Tissue Damage and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, Ghent 9052, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Biology in Tissue Homeostasis and Regeneration, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, Ghent 9052, Belgium
| | - Mathias Vanhockerhout
- Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Biology in Tissue Damage and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, Ghent 9052, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Biology in Tissue Homeostasis and Regeneration, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, Ghent 9052, Belgium
| | - Mushida Binte Abdul Latib
- Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Biology in Tissue Damage and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, Ghent 9052, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Biology in Tissue Homeostasis and Regeneration, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, Ghent 9052, Belgium
| | - Lindsey Devisscher
- Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Anne Hoorens
- Department of Pathology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Johnny Bonnardel
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Biology in Tissue Homeostasis and Regeneration, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, Ghent 9052, Belgium
| | - Niels Vandamme
- Data Mining and Modelling for Biomedicine, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, Ghent 9052, Belgium; Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Faculty of Science, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anna Kremer
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; VIB BioImaging Core, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, Ghent 9052, Belgium
| | - Peter Borghgraef
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; VIB BioImaging Core, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, Ghent 9052, Belgium
| | - Hans Van Vlierberghe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Saskia Lippens
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; VIB BioImaging Core, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, Ghent 9052, Belgium
| | - Edward Pearce
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany; University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Yvan Saeys
- Data Mining and Modelling for Biomedicine, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, Ghent 9052, Belgium; Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Faculty of Science, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Charlotte L Scott
- Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Biology in Tissue Damage and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, Ghent 9052, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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Nardo AD, Grün NG, Zeyda M, Dumanic M, Oberhuber G, Rivelles E, Helbich TH, Markgraf DF, Roden M, Claudel T, Trauner M, Stulnig TM. Impact of osteopontin on the development of non-alcoholic liver disease and related hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Int 2020; 40:1620-1633. [PMID: 32281248 PMCID: PMC7384114 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Osteopontin, a multifunctional protein and inflammatory cytokine, is overexpressed in adipose tissue and liver in obesity and contributes to the induction of adipose tissue inflammation and non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL). Studies performed in both mice and humans also point to a potential role for OPN in malignant transformation and tumour growth. To fully understand the role of OPN on the development of NAFL-derived hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), we applied a non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)-HCC mouse model on osteopontin-deficient (Spp1-/- ) mice analysing time points of NASH, fibrosis and HCC compared to wild-type mice. METHODS Two-day-old wild-type and Spp1-/- mice received a low-dose streptozotocin injection in order to induce diabetes, and were fed a high-fat diet starting from week 4. Different cohorts of mice of both genotypes were sacrificed at 8, 12 and 19 weeks of age to evaluate the NASH, fibrosis and HCC phenotypes respectively. RESULTS Spp1-/- animals showed enhanced hepatic lipid accumulation and aggravated NASH, as also increased hepatocellular apoptosis and accelerated fibrosis. The worse steatotic and fibrotic phenotypes observed in Spp1-/- mice might be driven by enhanced hepatic fatty acid influx through CD36 overexpression and by a pathological accumulation of specific diacylglycerol species during NAFL. Lack of osteopontin lowered systemic inflammation, prevented HCC progression to less differentiated tumours and improved overall survival. CONCLUSIONS Lack of osteopontin dissociates NASH-fibrosis severity from overall survival and HCC malignant transformation in NAFLD, and is therefore a putative therapeutic target only for advanced chronic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander D. Nardo
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardio‐Metabolic Immunotherapy and Clinical Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Medicine IIIMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria,Present address:
Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular HepatologyDivision of Gastroenterology & HepatologyMedical University of ViennaVienna1090Austria
| | - Nicole G. Grün
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardio‐Metabolic Immunotherapy and Clinical Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Medicine IIIMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Maximilian Zeyda
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardio‐Metabolic Immunotherapy and Clinical Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Medicine IIIMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria,Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Monika Dumanic
- Division of Nuclear MedicineDepartment of Biomedical Imaging and Image‐guided TherapyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Georg Oberhuber
- Department of PathologyGeneral Hospital of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Elisa Rivelles
- Department of Laboratory MedicineMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Thomas H. Helbich
- Division of Nuclear MedicineDepartment of Biomedical Imaging and Image‐guided TherapyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria,Division of Molecular and Gender ImagingDepartment of Biomedical Imaging and Image‐guided TherapyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Daniel F. Markgraf
- German Diabetes CenterLeibniz Center for Diabetes ResearchInstitute for Clinical DiabetologyHeinrich Heine UniversityDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Michael Roden
- German Diabetes CenterLeibniz Center for Diabetes ResearchInstitute for Clinical DiabetologyHeinrich Heine UniversityDüsseldorfGermany,German Center of Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.)München‐NeuherbergGermany,Division of Endocrinology and DiabetologyMedical FacultyHeinrich‐Heine UniversityDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Thierry Claudel
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular HepatologyDivision of Gastroenterology & HepatologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Michael Trauner
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular HepatologyDivision of Gastroenterology & HepatologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Thomas M. Stulnig
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardio‐Metabolic Immunotherapy and Clinical Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Medicine IIIMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria,Present address:
Third Department of Medicine and Karl Landsteiner Institute for Metabolic Diseases and NephrologyHietzing HospitalVienna1130Austria
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A high-fat diet rich in corn oil exaggerates the infarct size and memory impairment in rats with cerebral ischemia and is associated with suppressing osteopontin and Akt, and activating GS3Kβ, iNOS, and NF-κB. J Physiol Biochem 2020; 76:393-406. [PMID: 32488539 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-020-00744-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The increase in osteopontin (OPN) levels after stroke induces neural protection by activating Akt signaling and inhibiting GS3Kβ, iNOS, and NF-κB. This study investigated the effect of a high-fat diet rich in corn oil (CO-HFD) on infarct size and memory function in rats after induction of cerebral ischemia in rats and investigated its effect on the expression of OPN/Akt/iNOS/NF-κB signaling pathways. Rats were initially fed a standard diet (STD, 3.82 kcal/g; 9.4%, from fat) or a CO-HFD (5.4 kcal/g, 40% from fat) for 12 weeks. Then, both groups were further subdivided into either sham group or group exposed to cerebral ischemia by the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) protocol. Compared with sham-operated rats fed STD diet, neurological scores and both short- and long-term memory functions were significantly impaired in sham-operated CO-HFD-fed rats. In addition, brains collected from CO-HFD-fed rats showed lower protein levels of OPN, p-Akt (Thr308), p-GS3Kβ (Ser9), and Bcl-2 and had higher protein levels of iNOS, cleaved caspase-3, nuclear NF-κB p65, and cytoplasmic cytochrome C. However, once exposed to MCAO surgery, similar but more profound alterations of all these biochemical parameters with more severe impairment in short- and long-term memory functions and larger infarct size were noticed in the brains of CO-HFD-fed rats as compared with STD-fed rats exposed to MCAO. In conclusion, chronic consumption of CO-HFD induces memory impairments and worsens memory function recovery and infarct size after cerebral ischemia in rats by reducing levels of OPN, inhibiting the activation of Akt and activating iNOS and NF-κB.
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Tang M, Jiang Y, Jia H, Patpur BK, Yang B, Li J, Yang C. Osteopontin acts as a negative regulator of autophagy accelerating lipid accumulation during the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 48:159-168. [PMID: 31852298 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1699822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence links osteopontin (OPN), a pro-fibrogenic extracellular matrix protein, to the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this study, liver tissues isolated from non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) patients expressed higher OPN than those of controls. However, the exact mechanism(s) for this phenomenon is yet to be clarified. Autophagy is the natural, regulated degradation and recycling of a cell's dysfunctional components, in order to maintain homeostasis. Increasing evidence supports that autophagy can constitute an effective Defence mechanism against NAFLD conditions. Herein, we constructed NAFLD mice model by high-fat (HF) and methionine-choline-deficient (MCD) diet and found that OPN is upregulated in livers of NAFLD mice. Besides, secreted OPN inhibited autophagosome-lysosome fusion via binding with its receptors integrin αVβ3 and αVβ5 in HepG2 cells supplemented with free fatty acids (FFA) and the livers of NAFLD mice. Silencing of OPN attenuated autophagy impairment and reduced lipid accumulation, while supplementation of OPN exhibited the opposite effect. Furthermore, treatment with anti-OPN Ab significantly attenuated steatosis as well as autophagy impairment in the liver. Our findings indicated that OPN plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of the development of NAFLD via autophagy impairment, which might represent a potential new therapeutic target for the treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Tang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Institution of Digestive Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Institution of Digestive Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Haoyu Jia
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Institution of Digestive Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Bhuvanesh Kinish Patpur
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Institution of Digestive Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Bo Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Institution of Digestive Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Institution of Digestive Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Changqing Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Institution of Digestive Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
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Wei Q, Nakahara F, Asada N, Zhang D, Gao X, Xu C, Alfieri A, Brodin NP, Zimmerman SE, Mar JC, Guha C, Guo W, Frenette PS. Snai2 Maintains Bone Marrow Niche Cells by Repressing Osteopontin Expression. Dev Cell 2020; 53:503-513.e5. [PMID: 32413329 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow (BM) mesenchymal stem and progenitor cells (MSPCs) are a critical constituent of the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) niche. Previous studies have suggested that the zinc-finger epithelial-mesenchymal transition transcription factor Snai2 (also known as Slug) regulated HSCs autonomously. Here, we show that Snai2 expression in the BM is restricted to the BM stromal compartment where it regulates the HSC niche. Germline or MSPC-selective Snai2 deletion reduces the functional MSPC pool and their mesenchymal lineage output and impairs HSC niche function during homeostasis and after stress. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that Spp1 (osteopontin) expression is markedly upregulated in Snai2-deficient MSPCs. Genetic deletion of Spp1 in Snai2-deficient mice rescues MSPCs' functions. Thus, SNAI2 is a critical regulator of the transcriptional network maintaining MSPCs by the suppression of osteopontin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaozhi Wei
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Fumio Nakahara
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Noboru Asada
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Dachuan Zhang
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Xin Gao
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Chunliang Xu
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Alan Alfieri
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - N Patrik Brodin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Samuel E Zimmerman
- Department of Systems and Computational Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA; Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Jessica C Mar
- Department of Systems and Computational Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA; Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Chandan Guha
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA; Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA; Department of Urology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Wenjun Guo
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Paul S Frenette
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA; Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA.
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Li Y, Ma Q, Li P, Wang J, Wang M, Fan Y, Wang T, Wang C, Wang T, Zhao B. Proteomics reveals different pathological processes of adipose tissue, liver, and skeletal muscle under insulin resistance. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:6441-6461. [PMID: 32115712 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the most common type of diabetes, and insulin resistance (IR) is its core pathological mechanism. Proteomics is an ingenious and promising Omics technology that can comprehensively describe the global protein expression profiling of body or specific tissue, and is widely applied to the study of molecular mechanisms of diseases. In this paper, we focused on insulin target organs: adipose tissue, liver, and skeletal muscle, and analyzed the different pathological processes of IR in these three tissues based on proteomics research. By literature studies, we proposed that the main pathological processes of IR among target organs were diverse, which showed unique characteristics and focuses. We further summarized the differential proteins in target organs which were verified to be related to IR, and discussed the proteins that may play key roles in the emphasized pathological processes, aiming at discovering potentially specific differential proteins of IR, and providing new ideas for pathological mechanism research of IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Quantao Ma
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jingkang Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Min Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Fan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tieshan Wang
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chunguo Wang
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Baosheng Zhao
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Eleftheriadou I, Tsilingiris D, Tentolouris A, Mourouzis I, Grigoropoulou P, Kapelios C, Pantos C, Makrilakis K, Tentolouris N. Association of Circulating Osteopontin Levels With Lower Extremity Arterial Disease in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study. INT J LOW EXTR WOUND 2020; 19:180-189. [DOI: 10.1177/1534734619898097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is involved in the atherosclerotic and inflammatory process. In this article, we examined the relationship between circulating OPN levels with lower extremity arterial disease (LEAD) in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Seventy individuals with T2DM and 66 individuals without T2DM were recruited. Diagnosis of LEAD was based on the absence of triphasic waveform on the pedal arteries. Plasma OPN levels were determined by Luminex Multiplex immunoassay. LEAD was present in 34 (48.6%) patients with T2DM. In the diabetes cohort, individuals with LEAD had higher plasma OPN concentrations than those without LEAD (geometric mean [95% confidence intervals]; 43.4 [37.5-50.4] vs 26.1 [22.9-29.8] ng/mL, respectively, P < .001). Multivariable analysis showed that presence of LEAD independently associated with higher OPN levels in subjects with T2DM, with marginal statistical significance ( P = .049). In both cohorts, plasma OPN concentrations were negatively associated with ankle-brachial index values ( P < .05). In the total sample, there was a gradual increase of OPN levels across subgroups with triphasic, biphasic, and monophasic/blunted waveforms ( P < .001). In conclusion, plasma OPN levels are associated with the presence and severity of LEAD in subjects with T2DM. Further studies are needed to investigate the role of OPN in the pathogenesis and progression of LEAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Eleftheriadou
- Diabetes Center, First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Tsilingiris
- Diabetes Center, First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasios Tentolouris
- Diabetes Center, First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Iordanis Mourouzis
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Pinelopi Grigoropoulou
- Diabetes Center, First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Kapelios
- Diabetes Center, First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Constantinos Pantos
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Makrilakis
- Diabetes Center, First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Tentolouris
- Diabetes Center, First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Wu J, Wu D, Zhang L, Lin C, Liao J, Xie R, Li Z, Wu S, Liu A, Hu W, Xi Y, Bu S, Wang F. NK cells induce hepatic ER stress to promote insulin resistance in obesity through osteopontin production. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 107:589-596. [PMID: 31829469 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3ma1119-173r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
High-fat diet (HFD) induced hepatic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress drives insulin resistance (IR) and steatosis. NK cells in adipose tissue play an important role in the pathogenesis of IR in obesity. Whether NK cells in the liver can induce hepatic ER stress and thus promote IR in obesity is still unknown. We demonstrate that HFD-fed mice display elevated production of proinflammatory cytokine osteopontin (OPN) in hepatic NK cells, especially in CD49a+ DX5- tissue-resident NK (trNK) cells. Obesity-induced ER stress, IR, and steatosis in the liver are ameliorated by ablating NK cells with neutralizing antibody in HFD-fed mice. OPN treatment enhances the expression of ER stress markers, including p-PERK, p-eIF2, ATF4, and CHOP in both murine liver tissues and HL-7702, a human liver cell line. Pretreatment of HL-7702 cells with OPN promotes hyperactivation of JNK and subsequent decrease of tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), resulting in impaired insulin signaling, which can be reversed by inhibiting ER stress. Collectively, we demonstrate that hepatic NK cells induce obesity-induced hepatic ER stress, and IR through OPN production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Wu
- Diabetes Research Center, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Ningbo Women and Children's Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Danyang Wu
- Diabetes Research Center, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Longyao Zhang
- Diabetes Research Center, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Chuxuan Lin
- Diabetes Research Center, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jiahao Liao
- Diabetes Research Center, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Ruyin Xie
- Diabetes Research Center, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhulin Li
- Diabetes Research Center, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Siyang Wu
- Diabetes Research Center, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Aimin Liu
- Diabetes Research Center, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Weining Hu
- Diabetes Research Center, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yang Xi
- Diabetes Research Center, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Shizhong Bu
- Diabetes Research Center, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Fuyan Wang
- Diabetes Research Center, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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Hasib A, Hennayake CK, Bracy DP, Bugler-Lamb AR, Lantier L, Khan F, Ashford MLJ, McCrimmon RJ, Wasserman DH, Kang L. CD44 contributes to hyaluronan-mediated insulin resistance in skeletal muscle of high-fat-fed C57BL/6 mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 317:E973-E983. [PMID: 31550181 PMCID: PMC6957377 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00215.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix hyaluronan is increased in skeletal muscle of high-fat-fed insulin-resistant mice, and reduction of hyaluronan by PEGPH20 hyaluronidase ameliorates diet-induced insulin resistance (IR). CD44, the main hyaluronan receptor, is positively correlated with type 2 diabetes. This study determines the role of CD44 in skeletal muscle IR. Global CD44-deficient (cd44-/-) mice and wild-type littermates (cd44+/+) were fed a chow diet or 60% high-fat diet for 16 wk. High-fat-fed cd44-/- mice were also treated with PEGPH20 to evaluate its CD44-dependent action. Insulin sensitivity was measured by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp (ICv). High-fat feeding increased muscle CD44 protein expression. In the absence of differences in body weight and composition, despite lower clamp insulin during ICv, the cd44-/- mice had sustained glucose infusion rate (GIR) regardless of diet. High-fat diet-induced muscle IR as evidenced by decreased muscle glucose uptake (Rg) was exhibited in cd44+/+ mice but absent in cd44-/- mice. Moreover, gastrocnemius Rg remained unchanged between genotypes on chow diet but was increased in high-fat-fed cd44-/- compared with cd44+/+ when normalized to clamp insulin concentrations. Ameliorated muscle IR in high-fat-fed cd44-/- mice was associated with increased vascularization. In contrast to previously observed increases in wild-type mice, PEGPH20 treatment in high-fat-fed cd44-/- mice did not change GIR or muscle Rg during ICv, suggesting a CD44-dependent action. In conclusion, genetic CD44 deletion improves muscle IR, and the beneficial effects of PEGPH20 are CD44-dependent. These results suggest a critical role of CD44 in promoting hyaluronan-mediated muscle IR, therefore representing a potential therapeutic target for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Hasib
- Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Chandani K Hennayake
- Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Deanna P Bracy
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Centre, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Aimée R Bugler-Lamb
- Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Louise Lantier
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Centre, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Faisel Khan
- Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Michael L J Ashford
- Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Rory J McCrimmon
- Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - David H Wasserman
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Centre, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Li Kang
- Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
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Martin AM, Sun EW, Keating DJ. Mechanisms controlling hormone secretion in human gut and its relevance to metabolism. J Endocrinol 2019; 244:R1-R15. [PMID: 31751295 PMCID: PMC6892457 DOI: 10.1530/joe-19-0399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The homoeostatic regulation of metabolism is highly complex and involves multiple inputs from both the nervous and endocrine systems. The gut is the largest endocrine organ in our body and synthesises and secretes over 20 different hormones from enteroendocrine cells that are dispersed throughout the gut epithelium. These hormones include GLP-1, PYY, GIP, serotonin, and CCK, each of whom play pivotal roles in maintaining energy balance and glucose homeostasis. Some are now the basis of several clinically used glucose-lowering and weight loss therapies. The environment in which these enteroendocrine cells exist is also complex, as they are exposed to numerous physiological inputs including ingested nutrients, circulating factors and metabolites produced from neighbouring gut microbiome. In this review, we examine the diverse means by which gut-derived hormones carry out their metabolic functions through their interactions with different metabolically important organs including the liver, pancreas, adipose tissue and brain. Furthermore, we discuss how nutrients and microbial metabolites affect gut hormone secretion and the mechanisms underlying these interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyce M Martin
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Emily W Sun
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Damien J Keating
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Nutrition and Metabolism, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Correspondence should be addressed to D J Keating:
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Wang L, Zhao RP, Song XY, Wu WF. Targeting ERβ in Macrophage Reduces Crown-like Structures in Adipose Tissue by Inhibiting Osteopontin and HIF-1α. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15762. [PMID: 31673032 PMCID: PMC6823357 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52265-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Proinflammatory processes in adipose tissue contribute to development of breast cancer and insulin resistance. Crown-like structures (CLS) are histologic hallmarks of the proinflammatory process in adipose tissue. CLS are microscopic foci of dying adipocytes surrounded by macrophages mostly derived from monocytes in blood. Estrogen receptor β (ERβ) is expressed in microglia, macrophages within the central nervous system (CNS), where it evokes an anti-inflammatory response. The present study investigates the function of ERβ in macrophages within CLS. We report that even though monocytes in the blood have no detectable levels of ERβ, macrophages in CLS do express ERβ. In ERβ−/− mice, there was a significant increase in the number of CLS in both subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT). CLS in these mice were dominated by pro-inflammatory macrophages (M1 macrophages) with higher expression of osteopontin (OPN) and an increase in number of proliferating macrophages. In mice made obese by Western diet, treatment with an ERβ selective agonist (LY3201) reduced the number of CLS in both SAT and VAT with downregulation of OPN, activated hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), proliferation and upregulation prolyl hydroxylase 2 (PHD2), the enzyme which prevents activation of HIF1α, in macrophages. We conclude that ERβ expression is induced in macrophages in CLS within adipose tissue where it plays a pivotal role in suppression of CLS. Thus ERβ agonists may be used to alleviate CLS-related breast cancer and insulin resistance in adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Rui-Peng Zhao
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 1 West Huanghe Road, Huaian, 223300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Song
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Wan-Fu Wu
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA.
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