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Soedono S, Sharlene S, Vo DHN, Averia M, Rosalie EE, Lee YK, Cho KW. Obese visceral adipose dendritic cells downregulate regulatory T cell development through IL-33. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1335651. [PMID: 38566998 PMCID: PMC10985834 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1335651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) residing in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) play a pivotal role in regulating tissue inflammation and metabolic dysfunction associated with obesity. However, the specific phenotypic and functional characteristics of Tregs in obese VAT, as well as the regulatory mechanisms shaping them, remain elusive. This study demonstrates that obesity selectively reduces Tregs in VAT, characterized by restrained proliferation, heightened PD-1 expression, and diminished ST2 expression. Additionally, obese VAT displays distinctive maturation of dendritic cells (DCs), marked by elevated expressions of MHC-II, CD86, and PD-L1, which are inversely correlated with VAT Tregs. In an in vitro co-culture experiment, only obese VAT DCs, not macrophages or DCs from subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and spleen, result in decreased Treg differentiation and proliferation. Furthermore, Tregs differentiated by obese VAT DCs exhibit distinct characteristics resembling those of Tregs in obese VAT, such as reduced ST2 and IL-10 expression. Mechanistically, obesity lowers IL-33 production in VAT DCs, contributing to the diminished Treg differentiation. These findings collectively underscore the critical role of VAT DCs in modulating Treg generation and shaping Treg phenotype and function during obesity, potentially contributing to the regulation of VAT Treg populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shindy Soedono
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sharlene Sharlene
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dan Hoang Nguyet Vo
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Maria Averia
- Magister of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Eufrasia Elaine Rosalie
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Food Technology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Yun Kyung Lee
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kae Won Cho
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
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Muñoz-Rojas AR, Wang G, Benoist C, Mathis D. Adipose-tissue regulatory T cells are a consortium of subtypes that evolves with age and diet. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2320602121. [PMID: 38227656 PMCID: PMC10823167 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2320602121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Foxp3+CD4+ regulatory T (Treg) cells found within tissues regulate local immunity, inflammation, and homeostasis. Tregs in epididymal visceral adipose tissue (eVAT) are critical regulators of local and systemic inflammation and metabolism. During aging and under obesogenic conditions, eVAT Tregs undergo transcriptional and phenotypic changes and are important for containing inflammation and normalizing metabolic indices. We have employed single-cell RNA sequencing, single-cell Tra and Trb sequencing, adoptive transfers, photoconvertible mice, cellular interaction analyses, and in vitro cultures to dissect the evolving heterogeneity of eVAT Tregs with aging and obesity. Distinct Treg subtypes with distinguishable gene expression profiles and functional roles were enriched at differing ages and with differing diets. Like those in lean mice, eVAT Tregs in obese mice were not primarily recruited from the circulation but instead underwent local expansion and had a distinct and diversified T cell receptor repertoire. The different eVAT-Treg subtypes were specialized in different functions; for example, the subtypes enriched in lean, but not obese, mice suppressed adipogenesis. The existence of functionally divergent eVAT-Treg subtypes in response to obesogenic conditions presents possibilities for precision therapeutics in the context of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | | | - Diane Mathis
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
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Gao F, Litchfield B, Wu H. Adipose tissue lymphocytes and obesity. THE JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR AGING 2024; 4:5. [PMID: 38455510 PMCID: PMC10919906 DOI: 10.20517/jca.2023.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with chronic inflammation in adipose tissue (AT), mainly evidenced by infiltration and phenotypic changes of various types of immune cells. Macrophages are the major innate immune cells and represent the predominant immune cell population within AT. Lymphocytes, including T cells and B cells, are adaptive immune cells and constitute another important immune cell population in AT. In obesity, CD8+ effector memory T cells, CD4+ Th1 cells, and B2 cells are increased in AT and promote AT inflammation, while regulatory T cells and Th2 cells, which usually function as immune regulatory or type 2 inflammatory cells, are reduced in AT. Immune cells may regulate the metabolism of adipocytes and other cells through various mechanisms, contributing to the development of metabolic diseases, including insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Efforts targeting immune cells and inflammation to prevent and treat obesity-linked metabolic disease have been explored, but have not yielded significant success in clinical studies. This review provides a concise overview of the changes in lymphocyte populations within AT and their potential role in AT inflammation and the regulation of metabolic functions in the context of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Gao
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Huaizhu Wu
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Yu Y, Bai H, Wu F, Chen J, Li B, Li Y. Tissue adaptation of regulatory T cells in adipose tissue. Eur J Immunol 2022; 52:1898-1908. [PMID: 36369886 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202149527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells critically suppress over-activated immune responses and therefore maintain immune homeostasis. Adipose tissue-resident Treg (AT Treg) cells are known for modulating immunity and metabolism in adipose tissue microenvironment through various physiological signals, as well as their heterogeneous subsets, which potentially play disparate roles in aging and obesity. Recent single-cell studies of Treg cells have revealed specialized trajectories of their tissue adaptation and development in lymphoid tissues and at barrier sites. Here, we reviewed a T Cell Receptor (TCR)-primed environmental cue-boosted model of adipose Treg cells' tissue adaptation, especially in response to IL-33, IFN-α, insulin, and androgen signals, which trigger sophisticated transcriptional cascades and ultimately establish unique transcriptional modules in adipose Treg cell subsets. In addition, we further discuss potential therapeutic strategies against aging and obesity by blocking detrimental environmental cues, strengthening the functions of specific AT Treg subsets and modifying the communications between AT Treg subsets and adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimeng Yu
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of Ruijin Hospital, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyu Bai
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of Ruijin Hospital, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fenglin Wu
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of Ruijin Hospital, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jieqiong Chen
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of Ruijin Hospital, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Li
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of Ruijin Hospital, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yangyang Li
- Unit of Immune and Metabolic Regulation, School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
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Santos DCD, Ribeiro IS, Lopes DPS, Pereira ÍS, Santos DP, Muniz IPR, Lima FMDAS, Costa AAS, Souza DDASP, Calado SPDEM, Gonçalves CV, Galantini MPL, Lopes DN, Silva RAADA, Santos GS. Gender-related differences in the modulation of anthropometric, biochemical, and immune markers by physical activity in hypertensive and diabetic individuals. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2021; 93:e20201905. [PMID: 34909822 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202120201905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) compose the two major noncommunicable chronic inflammatory diseases. Physical activity has been shown as a promising complementary approach to control the systemic inflammation. However, it is still unclear whether this modulation is gender-dependent. The objective of this study was evaluate the gender-related influence of physical activity on the inflammatory response and biochemical profile of individuals with SAH and T2DM. An international physical activity questionnaire was applied to 376 individuals diagnosed with SAH and T2DM in order to access their exercises routine and was evaluated the influence of physical activity in biochemical, anthropometrical, and immunological markers involved in these disorders in men and women. Even though active individuals have exhibited lower serum levels of IL-1β, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-17A, the ratios between IL-10 and all inflammatory cytokines were higher in men than in women. Physically active individuals also demonstrated increased HDL/LDL and HDL/VLDL ratios. Moreover, multiple correlations revealed that in active women both IL-10 and TNF-α serum levels positively correlate with fasting glucose levels, and were negatively associated with HDL levels. Our findings suggest that gender-related differences dictate a distinct crosstalk between inflammatory and biochemical markers in physically active individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Déborah C Dos Santos
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Campus Anísio Teixeira, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Bairro Candeias, 45.029-094 Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Israel S Ribeiro
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Campus Anísio Teixeira, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Bairro Candeias, 45.029-094 Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil.,Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia, Campus Paulo Freire, Praça Joana Angélica, 250, São José, 45988-058 Teixeira de Freitas, BA, Brazil
| | - Diego Patrick S Lopes
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Campus Anísio Teixeira, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Bairro Candeias, 45.029-094 Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Ítalo S Pereira
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Campus Anísio Teixeira, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Bairro Candeias, 45.029-094 Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Denisar P Santos
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Campus Anísio Teixeira, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Bairro Candeias, 45.029-094 Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Igor P R Muniz
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Campus Anísio Teixeira, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Bairro Candeias, 45.029-094 Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Fernanda M DA Silva Lima
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Campus Anísio Teixeira, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Bairro Candeias, 45.029-094 Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Andressa Antônia S Costa
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Campus Anísio Teixeira, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Bairro Candeias, 45.029-094 Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Daniela DA Silva P Souza
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Campus Anísio Teixeira, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Bairro Candeias, 45.029-094 Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Stéfano Pedro DE Melo Calado
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Campus Anísio Teixeira, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Bairro Candeias, 45.029-094 Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Caroline V Gonçalves
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Campus Anísio Teixeira, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Bairro Candeias, 45.029-094 Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Maria Poliana L Galantini
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Campus Anísio Teixeira, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Bairro Candeias, 45.029-094 Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Danilo N Lopes
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Campus Anísio Teixeira, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Bairro Candeias, 45.029-094 Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Robson A A DA Silva
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Campus Anísio Teixeira, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Bairro Candeias, 45.029-094 Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Gilvanéia S Santos
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Campus Anísio Teixeira, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Bairro Candeias, 45.029-094 Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
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Liu L, Hu J, Wang Y, Lei H, Xu D. The role and research progress of the balance and interaction between regulatory T cells and other immune cells in obesity with insulin resistance. Adipocyte 2021; 10:66-79. [PMID: 33472506 PMCID: PMC7834085 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2021.1876375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic homoeostasis in adipose tissue plays a major role in obesity-related insulin resistance (IR). Regulatory T (Treg) cells have been recorded to regulate metabolic homoeostasis in adipose tissue. However, their specific mechanism is not yet known. This review aims to present the role of Treg cells and other immune cells in obesity-associated IR, focusing on the balance of numbers and functions of Treg cells and other immune cells as well as the crucial role of their interactions in maintaining adipose tissue homoeostasis. Th1 cells, Th17 cells, CD8+ T cells, and pro-inflammatory macrophages mediate the occurrence of obesity and IR by antagonizing Treg cells, while anti-inflammatory dendritic cells, eosinophils and type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) regulate the metabolic homoeostasis of adipose tissue by promoting the proliferation and differentiation of Treg cells. γ δ T cells and invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells have complex effects on Treg cells, and their roles in obesity-associated IR are controversial. The balance of Treg cells and other immune cells can help maintain the metabolic homoeostasis of adipose tissue. Further research needs to explore more specific molecular mechanisms, thus providing more precise directions for the treatment of obesity with IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leiling Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiahui Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yating Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hao Lei
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Danyan Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Więckowska-Gacek A, Mietelska-Porowska A, Wydrych M, Wojda U. Western diet as a trigger of Alzheimer's disease: From metabolic syndrome and systemic inflammation to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 70:101397. [PMID: 34214643 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
An excess of saturated fatty acids and simple sugars in the diet is a known environmental risk factor of Alzheimer's disease (AD) but the holistic view of the interacting processes through which such diet may contribute to AD pathogenesis is missing. We addressed this need through extensive analysis of published studies investigating the effects of western diet (WD) on AD development in humans and laboratory animals. We reviewed WD-induced systemic alterations comprising metabolic changes, induction of obesity and adipose tissue inflammation, gut microbiota dysbiosis and acceleration of systemic low-grade inflammation. Next we provide an overview of the evidence demonstrating that WD-associated systemic alterations drive impairment of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and development of neuroinflammation paralleled by accumulation of toxic amyloid. Later these changes are followed by dysfunction of synaptic transmission, neurodegeneration and finally memory and cognitive impairment. We conclude that WD can trigger AD by acceleration of inflammaging, and that BBB impairment induced by metabolic and systemic inflammation play the central role in this process. Moreover, the concurrence of neuroinflammation and Aβ dyshomeostasis, which by reciprocal interactions drive the vicious cycle of neurodegeneration, contradicts Aβ as the primary trigger of AD. Given that in 2019 the World Health Organization recommended focusing on modifiable risk factors in AD prevention, this overview of the sequential, complex pathomechanisms initiated by WD, which can lead from peripheral disturbances to neurodegeneration, can support future prevention strategies.
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Abstract
The FOXP3+CD4+ regulatory T (Treg) cells located in non-lymphoid tissues differ in phenotype and function from their lymphoid organ counterparts. Tissue Treg cells have distinct transcriptomes, T cell receptor repertoires and growth and survival factor dependencies that arm them to survive and operate in their home tissue. Their functions extend beyond immune surveillance to tissue homeostasis, including regulation of local and systemic metabolism, promotion of tissue repair and regeneration, and control of the proliferation, differentiation and fate of non-lymphoid cell progenitors. Treg cells in diverse tissues share a common FOXP3+CD4+ precursor located within lymphoid organs. This precursor undergoes definitive specialization once in the home tissue, following a multilayered array of common and tissue-distinct transcriptional programmes. Our deepening knowledge of tissue Treg cell biology will inform ongoing attempts to harness Treg cells for precision immunotherapeutics.
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Soedono S, Cho KW. Adipose Tissue Dendritic Cells: Critical Regulators of Obesity-Induced Inflammation and Insulin Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168666. [PMID: 34445379 PMCID: PMC8395475 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation of the adipose tissue (AT) is a critical component of obesity-induced insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Adipose tissue immune cells, including AT macrophages (ATMs), AT dendritic cells (ATDCs), and T cells, are dynamically regulated by obesity and participate in obesity-induced inflammation. Among AT resident immune cells, ATDCs are master immune regulators and engage in crosstalk with various immune cells to initiate and regulate immune responses. However, due to confounding markers and lack of animal models, their exact role and contribution to the initiation and maintenance of AT inflammation and insulin resistance have not been clearly elucidated. This paper reviews the current understanding of ATDCs and their role in obesity-induced AT inflammation. We also provide the potential mechanisms by which ATDCs regulate AT inflammation and insulin resistance in obesity. Finally, this review offers perspectives on ways to better dissect the distinct functions and contributions of ATDCs to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shindy Soedono
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea;
| | - Kae Won Cho
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea;
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-41-413-5028
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Tanaka T, Wada T, Uno K, Ogihara S, Ie H, Okekawa A, Ishikawa A, Ito T, Miyazawa Y, Sameshima A, Onogi Y, Tsuneki H, Sasahara M, Nakashima A, Saito S, Sasaoka T. Oestrogen receptor α in T cells controls the T cell immune profile and glucose metabolism in mouse models of gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia 2021; 64:1660-1673. [PMID: 33796910 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-021-05447-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The imbalance between maternal insulin resistance and a relative lack of insulin secretion underlies the pathogenesis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Alterations in T cell subtypes and increased levels of circulating proinflammatory cytokines have been proposed as potential mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of insulin resistance in GDM. Since oestrogen modulates T cell immunity, we hypothesised that oestrogen plays a homeostatic role in visceral adipose tissue by coordinating T cell immunity through oestrogen receptor α (ERα) in T cells to prevent GDM. METHODS Female CD4-cre ERαfl/fl (KO) mice on a C57BL/6 background with ERα ablation specifically in T cells, and ERαfl/fl (ERα-floxed [FL]) mice were fed 60 kJ% high-fat diet (HFD) for 4 weeks. Female mice mated with male BALB/c mice to achieve allogenic pregnancy and were maintained on an HFD to generate the GDM model. Mice were divided into four experimental groups: non-pregnant FL, non-pregnant KO, pregnant FL (FL-GDM) and pregnant KO (KO-GDM). GTTs and ITTs were performed on day 12.5 or 13.5 and 16.5 after breeding, respectively. On day 18.5 after breeding, mice were killed and T cell subsets in the gonadal white adipose tissue (gWAT) and spleen were analysed using flow cytometry. Histological examination was also conducted and proinflammatory gene expression in gWAT and the liver was evaluated. RESULTS KO mice that mated with BALB/c mice showed normal fertility rates and fetal weights as compared with FL mice. Body and tissue weights were similar between FL and KO mice. When compared with FL-GDM mice, KO-GDM mice showed decreased insulin secretion (serum insulin concentration 15 min after glucose loading: 137.3 ± 18.3 pmol/l and 40.1 ± 36.5 pmol/l, respectively; p < 0.05), impaired glucose tolerance (glucose AUC in GTT: 2308.3 ± 54.0 mmol/l × min and 2620.9 ± 122.1 mmol/l × min, respectively; p < 0.05) and increased numbers of T helper (Th)17 cells in gWAT (0.4 ± 0.0% vs 0.8 ± 0.1%; p < 0.05). However, the contents of Th1 and regulatory T cells (Tregs) in gWAT remained similar between FL-GDM and KO-GDM. Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion was similar between isolated islets derived from FL and KO mice, but was reduced by IL-17A treatment. Moreover, the levels of proinflammatory gene expression, including expression of Emr1 and Tnfa in gWAT, were significantly higher in KO-GDM mice than in FL-GDM mice (5.1-fold and 2.7-fold, respectively; p < 0.01 for both). Furthermore, KO-GDM mice showed increased expression of genes encoding hepatokines, Ahsg and Fgf21 (both were 2.4-fold higher vs FL-GDM mice; p < 0.05 and p = 0.09, respectively), with no changes in inflammatory gene expression (e.g., Tnfa and Ifng) in the liver compared with FL-GDM mice. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Deletion of ERα in T cells caused impaired maternal adaptation of insulin secretion, changes in hepatokine profiles, and enhanced chronic inflammation in gWAT alongside an abnormal increase in Th17 cells. These results suggest that the ERα-mediated oestrogen signalling effects in T cells regulate T cell immunity and contribute to glucose homeostasis in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Tanaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Wada
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
| | - Kimie Uno
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Saki Ogihara
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hiromi Ie
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Akira Okekawa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Akari Ishikawa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Ito
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Miyazawa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Azusa Sameshima
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Onogi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tsuneki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | | | - Akitoshi Nakashima
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Shigeru Saito
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Toshiyasu Sasaoka
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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Adipose Tissue Immunomodulation and Treg/Th17 Imbalance in the Impaired Glucose Metabolism of Children with Obesity. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8070554. [PMID: 34199040 PMCID: PMC8305706 DOI: 10.3390/children8070554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the last few decades, obesity has increased dramatically in pediatric patients. Obesity is a chronic disease correlated with systemic inflammation, characterized by the presence of CD4 and CD8 T cell infiltration and modified immune response, which contributes to the development of obesity related diseases and metabolic disorders, including impaired glucose metabolism. In particular, Treg and Th17 cells are dynamically balanced under healthy conditions, but imbalance occurs in inflammatory and pathological states, such as obesity. Some studies demonstrated that peripheral Treg and Th17 cells exhibit increased imbalance with worsening of glucose metabolic dysfunction, already in children with obesity. In this review, we considered the role of adipose tissue immunomodulation and the potential role played by Treg/T17 imbalance on the impaired glucose metabolism in pediatric obesity. In the patient care, immune monitoring could play an important role to define preventive strategies of pediatric metabolic disease treatments.
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Qin W, Sun L, Dong M, An G, Zhang K, Zhang C, Meng X. Regulatory T Cells and Diabetes Mellitus. Hum Gene Ther 2021; 32:875-881. [PMID: 33975439 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2021.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune system dysfunction causes dysregulation of immune homeostasis, which in turn leads to autoimmune diseases. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a specialized T cell subpopulation that maintain peripheral tolerance and immune homeostasis. Diabetic patients are at an increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases; thus, in terms of coronary risk, diabetes mellitus (DM) is considered coronary heart disease equivalent. Accumulating evidence indicates that Tregs play an important role in protecting against the development of various cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we provide an overview of the role of Tregs in the pathogenesis of DM, including type 1 DM, type 2 DM, latent autoimmune diabetes of adults, and gestational DM. In addition, we discuss the role of Tregs in diabetic complications, including cardiovascular diseases, nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy. Tregs play a beneficial role in the pathogenesis of DM and diabetic complications, although the precise molecular mechanisms underlying the protective effect of Tregs against DM are still obscure. Collectively, modification of Tregs may provide a promising and novel future strategy for the prevention and therapy of DM and diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Qin
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Mei Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Guipeng An
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiao Meng
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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13
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Mitochondrial remodelling-a vicious cycle in diabetic complications. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:4721-4731. [PMID: 34023988 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06408-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic, metabolic condition characterized by excessive blood glucose that causes perturbations in physiological functioning of almost all the organs of human body. This devastating metabolic disease has its implications in cognitive decline, heart damage, renal, retinal and neuronal complications that severely affects quality of life and associated with decreased life expectancy. Mitochondria possess adaptive mechanisms to meet the cellular energy demand and combat cellular stress. In recent years mitochondrial homeostasis has been point of focus where several mechanisms regulating mitochondrial health and function are evaluated. Mitochondrial dynamics plays crucial role in maintaining healthy mitochondria in cell under physiological as well as stress condition. Mitochondrial dynamics and corresponding regulating mechanisms have been implicated in progression of metabolic disorders including diabetes and its complications. In current review we have discussed about role of mitochondrial dynamics under physiological and pathological conditions. Also, modulation of mitochondrial fission and fusion in diabetic complications are described. The available literature supports mitochondrial remodelling as reliable target for diabetic complications.
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Ma M, Wang M, Xu F, Hao S. The Imbalance in Th17 and Treg Cells in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Patients with Autoimmune Thyroiditis. Immunol Invest 2021; 51:1170-1181. [PMID: 33902382 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2021.1915329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The ratio of T helper (Th) 17 and T regulatory (Treg) cells in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome complicated with autoimmune thyroiditis (PCOS-AIT) remains unreported. The study aimed to determine the Th17/Treg cell paradigm in PCOS-AIT patients. In peripheral blood mononuclear cells from PCOS patients and controls, the percentages of Th17 and Treg cells were measured by flow cytometry, the mRNA levels of a Th17-related transcription factor (ROR-γt) and a Treg-specific transcription factor (Foxp3) were determined by qRT-PCR, and the levels of Th17-related cytokines and Treg-related cytokines were measured by ELISA. Additionally, to examine the effect of testosterone on the Th17/Treg cell balance in vitro, cultured PCOS-AIT CD4+ T cells were treated with 10 μM testosterone for 24 h, and the Th17/Treg cell proportions and expression of Th17/Treg cell-associated transcription factors and cytokines were analyzed by flow cytometry, qRT-PCR, and ELISA. The Th17 cell percentage, Th17/Treg cell ratio, and expression of Th17-related ROR-γt and IL-17 were significantly higher in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from PCOS-AIT patients than in those from controls. In CD4+ T cells derived from PCOS-AIT patients, testosterone significantly decreased the Th17 cell percentage, Th17/Treg ratio, mRNA level of ROR-γt, and production of Th17-related cytokines and increased the Treg cell percentage, mRNA level of Foxp3, and secretion of Treg-related cytokines. The Th17/Treg cell imbalance favoring proinflammatory Th17 cells is involved in the pathogenesis of PCOS-AIT. Targeting the Th17/Treg cell axis may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of PCOS-AIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Ma
- Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Mengsi Wang
- Heilongjiang Data Center Office of Traditional Chinese Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Fang Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Songli Hao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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15
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Tetrahedral Framework Nucleic Acid-Based Delivery of Resveratrol Alleviates Insulin Resistance: From Innate to Adaptive Immunity. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2021; 13:86. [PMID: 34138319 PMCID: PMC8006527 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-021-00614-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tetrahedral framework nucleic acid (tFNA)-based delivery of resveratrol (RSV) ameliorates the performance of RSV. tFNAs-RSV improve insulin sensitivity in high-fat diet-fed mice by promoting Treg and Th2 and suppressing Th1 and Th17, and switching macrophage from M1 to M2 phenotype both in vitro and in vivo.
Obesity-induced insulin resistance is the hallmark of metabolic syndrome, and chronic, low-grade tissue inflammation links obesity to insulin resistance through the activation of tissue-infiltrating immune cells. Current therapeutic approaches lack efficacy and immunomodulatory capacity. Thus, a new therapeutic approach is needed to prevent chronic inflammation and alleviate insulin resistance. Here, we synthesized a tetrahedral framework nucleic acid (tFNA) nanoparticle that carried resveratrol (RSV) to inhibit tissue inflammation and improve insulin sensitivity in obese mice. The prepared nanoparticles, namely tFNAs-RSV, possessed the characteristics of simple synthesis, stable properties, good water solubility, and superior biocompatibility. The tFNA-based delivery ameliorated the lability of RSV and enhanced its therapeutic efficacy. In high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice, the administration of tFNAs-RSV ameliorated insulin resistance by alleviating inflammation status. tFNAs-RSV could reverse M1 phenotype macrophages in tissues to M2 phenotype macrophages. As for adaptive immunity, the prepared nanoparticles could repress the activation of Th1 and Th17 and promote Th2 and Treg, leading to the alleviation of insulin resistance. Furthermore, this study is the first to demonstrate that tFNAs, a nucleic acid material, possess immunomodulatory capacity. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that tFNAs-RSV alleviate insulin resistance and ameliorate inflammation in HFD mice, suggesting that nucleic acid materials or nucleic acid-based delivery systems may be a potential agent for the treatment of insulin resistance and obesity-related metabolic diseases.![]()
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Adipose Tissue T Regulatory Cells: Implications for Health and Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1278:125-139. [PMID: 33523447 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-6407-9_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Obesity dramatically increases the risk of numerous conditions, including type 2 diabetes mellitus and other components of the metabolic syndrome. Pro-inflammatory changes that occur in adipose tissue are critical to the pathogenesis of these obesity-induced complications. Adipose tissue is one of the body's largest endocrine organs, and the cells that comprise the adipose tissue immunoenvironment secrete multiple factors (including adipokines and cytokines) that impact systemic metabolism. In particular, immunosuppressive regulatory T cells (Tregs) decline in obesity, partly in response to its complex interaction with adipocytes, and this decline contributes to disruption of the typical homeostasis observed in lean adipose tissue. Although the regulation of Treg differentiation, function, and enrichment is incompletely understood, factors including various cell-surface co-stimulatory molecules, certain lipid species, and cytokines such as PPARγ, adiponectin, and leptin are important mediators. It is also clear that there may be depot-specific differences in Tregs, rendering adipose tissue Tregs distinct from lymphoid or circulating Tregs, with implications on maintenance and functionality. While most of these findings are derived from studies in murine models, comparatively little is known about the human adipose tissue Treg signature, which requires further investigation.
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High-fat diet-induced obesity affects alpha 7 nicotine acetylcholine receptor expressions in mouse lung myeloid cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18368. [PMID: 33110180 PMCID: PMC7592050 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75414-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ample evidence indicates that obesity causes dysfunctions in the lung. Previous studies also show that cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathways play crucial roles in obesity-induced chronic inflammation via α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) signaling. However, it remains unclear whether and how obesity affects the expressions of α7nAChR in myeloid cells in the lung. To address this question, we treated regular chow diet-fed mice or high-fat diet induced obese mice with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or vehicle via endotracheal injections. By using a multicolor flow cytometry approach to analyze and characterize differential cell subpopulations and α7nAChR expressions, we find no detectable α7nAChR in granulocytes, monocytes and alveolar macrophages, and low expression levels of α7nAChR were detected in interstitial macrophages. Interestingly, we find that a challenge with LPS treatment significantly increased expression levels of α7nAChR in monocytes, alveolar and interstitial macrophages. Meanwhile, we observed that the expression levels of α7nAChR in alveolar and interstitial macrophages in high-fat diet induced obese mice were lower than regular chow diet-fed mice challenged by the LPS. Together, our findings indicate that obesity alters the expressions of α7nAChR in differential lung myeloid cells.
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18
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miR-223-3p Inhibits Antigen Endocytosis and Presentation and Promotes the Tolerogenic Potential of Dendritic Cells through Targeting Mannose Receptor Signaling and Rhob. J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:1379458. [PMID: 32656268 PMCID: PMC7320286 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1379458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The role of miR-223-3p in dendritic cells (DCs) is unknown. This study is aimed at investigating the effect of miR-223-3p on the antigen uptake and presentation capacities of DCs and the underlying molecular mechanism. Methods FITC-OVA antigen uptake and cell surface markers in bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs) were analyzed by flow cytometry. BMDCs were transfected with the miR-223-3p mimic or inhibitor. Cytokine levels were determined by ELISA. CD4+ T cell differentiation was determined by mixed lymphocyte culture assay. Results OVA treatment significantly downregulated miR-223-3p in BMDCs. The miR-223-3p mimic significantly inhibited OVA-induced antigen uptake and surface expression of MHC-II on BMDCs (P < 0.01). The miR-223-3p mimic increased TGF-β1 production in OVA-treated DCs (P < 0.01). Mixed lymphocyte reaction showed that the miR-223-3p mimic significantly promoted Treg cell differentiation. In addition, the miR-223-3p mimic significantly upregulated CD103 in DCs, indicating the promotion of tolerogenic DCs. The miR-223-3p mimic downregulated Rhob protein in OVA-induced DCs. Rhob knockdown significantly suppressed the ability of FITC-OVA endocytosis (P < 0.01) and surface MHC-II molecule expression (P < 0.01) in BMDCs, promoting promoted Treg cell differentiation. Mannose receptor (MR) knockdown significantly upregulated miR-223-3p, downregulated Rhob protein in OVA-treated DCs, inhibited the FITC-OVA endocytosis and surface MHC-II expression in BMDCs, and promoted Treg cell differentiation (all P < 0.01). Conclusion These data suggest that miR-223-3p has an inhibitory effect on the antigen uptake and presentation capacities of BMDCs and promotes Treg cell differentiation, which is, at least partially, through targeting MR signaling and Rhob.
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19
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Abstract
Obesity is becoming an epidemic in the United States and worldwide and increases risk for many diseases, particularly insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease. The mechanisms linking obesity with these diseases remain incompletely understood. Over the past 2 to 3 decades, it has been recognized that in obesity, inflammation, with increased accumulation and inflammatory polarization of immune cells, takes place in various tissues, including adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, liver, gut, pancreatic islet, and brain and may contribute to obesity-linked metabolic dysfunctions, leading to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Therapies targeting inflammation have shed light on certain obesity-linked diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, but remain to be tested further and confirmed in clinical trials. This review focuses on inflammation in adipose tissue and its potential role in insulin resistance associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaizhu Wu
- From the Department of Medicine (H.W., C.M.B.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.,Department of Pediatrics (H.W.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Christie M Ballantyne
- From the Department of Medicine (H.W., C.M.B.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (C.M.B.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.,Center for Cardiometabolic Disease Prevention (C.M.B.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
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20
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Abstract
The immune system plays an important role in obesity-induced adipose tissue inflammation and the resultant metabolic dysfunction, which can lead to hypertension, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance and their downstream sequelae of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. While macrophages are the most abundant immune cell type in adipose tissue, other immune cells are also present, such as B cells, which play important roles in regulating adipose tissue inflammation. This brief review will overview B-cell subsets, describe their localization in various adipose depots and summarize our knowledge about the function of these B-cell subsets in regulating adipose tissue inflammation, obesity-induced metabolic dysfunction and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasad Srikakulapu
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Coleen A McNamara
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
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21
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Ribeiro IS, Pereira ÍS, Santos DP, Lopes DN, Prado AO, Calado SP, Gonçalves CV, Galantini MP, Muniz IP, Santos GS, Silva RA. Association between body composition and inflammation: A central role of IL-17 and IL-10 in diabetic and hypertensive elderly women. Exp Gerontol 2019; 127:110734. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.110734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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22
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Nyambuya TM, Dludla PV, Mxinwa V, Nkambule BB. Obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance: A mini-review on T-cells. Metabol Open 2019; 3:100015. [PMID: 32812921 PMCID: PMC7424835 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2019.100015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive lipid accumulation in an obese state is linked with activation and release of detrimental cytokines and chemokines that promote metabolic dysregulation. In fact, emerging experimental evidence shows that abnormal modulation of T-cells in an obese state correlates with the development and progression of insulin resistance. Importantly, the evolving concept linking insulin resistance with impaired immunological mechanisms such as T-cell responses provides new prospects for understanding the role of inflammation in moderating metabolic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tawanda Maurice Nyambuya
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences (SLMMS), College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, Namibia University of Science and Technology, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Phiwayinkosi Vusi Dludla
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Vuyolwethu Mxinwa
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences (SLMMS), College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Bongani Brian Nkambule
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences (SLMMS), College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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23
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de Sousa GC, Cruz FF, Heil LB, Sobrinho CJS, Saddy F, Knibel FP, Pereira JB, Schultz MJ, Pelosi P, Gama de Abreu M, Silva PL, Rocco PRM. Intraoperative immunomodulatory effects of sevoflurane versus total intravenous anesthesia with propofol in bariatric surgery (the OBESITA trial): study protocol for a randomized controlled pilot trial. Trials 2019; 20:300. [PMID: 31138279 PMCID: PMC6540380 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-019-3399-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is associated with a chronic systemic inflammatory process. Volatile or intravenous anesthetic agents may modulate immune function, and may do so differentially in obesity. However, no study has evaluated whether these potential immunomodulatory effects differ according to type of anesthesia in obese patients undergoing laparoscopic bariatric surgery. Methods/design The OBESITA trial is a prospective, nonblinded, single-center, randomized, controlled clinical pilot trial. The trial will include 48 patients with a body mass index ≥ 35 kg/m2, scheduled for laparoscopic bariatric surgery using sleeve or a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass technique, who will be allocated 1:1 to undergo general inhalational anesthesia with sevoflurane or total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) with propofol. The primary endpoint is the difference in plasma interleukin (IL)-6 levels when comparing the two anesthetic agents. Blood samples will be collected prior to anesthesia induction (baseline), immediately after anesthetic induction, and before endotracheal extubation. Levels of other proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, neutrophil chemotaxis, macrophage differentiation, phagocytosis, and occurrence of intraoperative and postoperative complications will also be evaluated. Discussion To our knowledge, this is the first randomized clinical trial designed to compare the effects of two different anesthetics on immunomodulation in obese patients undergoing laparoscopic bariatric surgery. Our hypothesis is that anesthesia with sevoflurane will result in a weaker proinflammatory response compared to anesthesia with propofol, with lower circulating levels of IL-6 and other proinflammatory mediators, and increased macrophage differentiation into the M2 phenotype in adipose tissue. Trial registration Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos, RBR-77kfj5. Registered on 25 July 2018. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13063-019-3399-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giselle Carvalho de Sousa
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Bloco G1-014, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil.,Department of Anesthesiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Ferreira Cruz
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Bloco G1-014, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Luciana Boavista Heil
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Bloco G1-014, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil
| | | | - Felipe Saddy
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Bloco G1-014, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil.,Institute D'Or of Research and Teaching, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marcus J Schultz
- Department of Intensive Care and Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology (L·E·I·C·A), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Paolo Pelosi
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marcelo Gama de Abreu
- Pulmonary Engineering Group, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Pedro Leme Silva
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Bloco G1-014, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Patricia Rieken Macedo Rocco
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Bloco G1-014, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil.
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24
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Duan L, Chen J, Razavi M, Wei Y, Tao Y, Rao X, Zhong J. Alpha2B-Adrenergic Receptor Regulates Neutrophil Recruitment in MSU-Induced Peritoneal Inflammation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:501. [PMID: 30941135 PMCID: PMC6433825 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Gout is one of the most common metabolic disorders in human. Previous studies have shown that the disease activity is closely associated with sympathetic nervous system (SNS). α2B-adrenergic receptor (α2BAR), a subtype of α2 adrenergic receptor, plays a critical role in many diseases. However, the role of α2BAR in the pathogenesis of gout remains unclear. Here, we assessed the role of α2BAR in the monosodium urate (MSU) crystals-induced peritonitis that mimics human gout by using the α2BAR-overexpressing mice (α2BAR-Tg). We found that the number of recruited neutrophils was significantly increased in the α2BAR-Tg mice after MSU treatment, when compared with wild type mice. In contrast, the number of macrophages was not changed. Importantly, there is no difference in the IL-1β levels and caspase-1 activity between wild type and α2BAR-Tg mice in the gout animal model. Notably, the enhanced neutrophil migration in α2BAR-Tg mice was dependent on the α2BAR overexpression in neutrophils, but not resulted from other tissues or cells with α2BAR overexpression. In conclusion, our data provide a direct evidence that α2BAR plays a critical role in neutrophil migration and MSU-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Duan
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Nanchang, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Nanchang, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Michael Razavi
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Yingying Wei
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States.,School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ying Tao
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiaoquan Rao
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Jixin Zhong
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
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25
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Chan CC, Damen MSMA, Alarcon PC, Sanchez-Gurmaches J, Divanovic S. Inflammation and Immunity: From an Adipocyte's Perspective. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2019; 39:459-471. [PMID: 30920343 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2019.0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Comprehension of adipocyte function has evolved beyond a long-held belief of their inert nature, as simple energy storing and releasing cells. Adipocytes, including white, brown, and beige, are capable mediators of global metabolic health, but their intersection with inflammation is a budding field of exploration. Evidence hints at a reciprocal relationship adipocytes share with immune cells. Adipocyte's capacity to behave in an "immune-like" manner and ability to sense inflammatory cues that subsequently alter core adipocyte function might play an important role in shaping immune responses. Clarifying this intricate relationship could uncover previously underappreciated contribution of adipocytes to inflammation-driven human health and disease. In this review, we highlight the potential of largely underappreciated adipocyte "immune-like" function and how it may contribute to inflammation, immunity, and pathology of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calvin C Chan
- 1Medical Scientist Training Program, Immunology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.,2Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.,3Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Michelle S M A Damen
- 2Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.,3Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Pablo C Alarcon
- 1Medical Scientist Training Program, Immunology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.,2Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.,3Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Joan Sanchez-Gurmaches
- 2Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.,4Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.,5Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Senad Divanovic
- 1Medical Scientist Training Program, Immunology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.,2Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.,3Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.,6Division of Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
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26
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Sheikh V, Zamani A, Mahabadi-Ashtiyani E, Tarokhian H, Borzouei S, Alahgholi-Hajibehzad M. Decreased regulatory function of CD4 +CD25 +CD45RA + T cells and impaired IL-2 signalling pathway in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Scand J Immunol 2018; 88:e12711. [PMID: 30270447 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the frequency and function of CD4+CD25+CD45RA+ regulatory T cells (Treg) and intracellular IL-2 signalling molecules in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were investigated. Tregs and responder T cells (Tresp, CD4+CD25- T cells) were sorted and suppression assays were performed using flow cytometry. Phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription-5 (pSTAT5) were assessed using flow cytometry. Gene expression of FOXP3 was performed with the SYBR green Real Time PCR method. Production of IL-2 from cultured cells was assessed using ELISA. We observed a functional defect of CD4+CD25+CD45RA+ Tregs in T2DM patients with higher proliferation of Tresp cells, in response to anti-CD3 and anti CD28 stimulation in the presence of Tregs in vitro. The results showed that the proliferation of Tresps in the absence of Treg cells was higher in T2DM patients than in healthy controls. Decreased FOXP3 mRNA expression and pSTAT5 were observed within the Tregs of the patients, whereas the level of secreted IL-2 from PBMCs culture was not statically different between T2DM patients and healthy individuals. Changes in intracellular IL-2 pathways and FOXP3 gene expression may contribute to the defect of Tregs in T2DM patients. These findings indicating that the purified CD4+CD25+CD45RA+ Treg cells have reduced functional capacity together with impaired IL-2 pathway in T2DM, and the Tregs could be used for a potential novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vida Sheikh
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Alireza Zamani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.,Molecular Immunology Research Group, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Elham Mahabadi-Ashtiyani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Hanieh Tarokhian
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shiva Borzouei
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mahdi Alahgholi-Hajibehzad
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.,Molecular Immunology Research Group, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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27
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Zeng Q, Sun X, Xiao L, Xie Z, Bettini M, Deng T. A Unique Population: Adipose-Resident Regulatory T Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2075. [PMID: 30323806 PMCID: PMC6172295 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cell is well known for its anti-inflammatory function in a variety of tissues in health and disease. Accordingly, Treg cells that reside in adipose tissue exhibit specific phenotypes. Their numbers are regulated by age, gender and environmental factors, such as diet and cold stimulation. Adipose-resident Treg cells have been suggested to be critical regulators of immune and metabolic microenvironment in adipose tissue, as well as involved in pathogenesis of obesity-related metabolic disorders. This review surveys existing information on adipose-resident Treg cells. We first describe the origin, phenotype and function of adipose-resident Treg cells. We then describe the major regulators of adipose-resident Treg cells, and discuss how the adipose-resident Treg cells are regulated in lean and obese conditions, especially in humans. Finally, we highlight their therapeutic potential in obesity-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zeng
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Sun
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Central South University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
| | - Liuling Xiao
- Center for Bioenergetics, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Zhiguo Xie
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Maria Bettini
- Section of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, McNair Medical Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Tuo Deng
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Central South University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China.,Center for Bioenergetics, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
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28
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Th17 and Treg lymphocytes in obesity and Type 2 diabetic patients. Clin Immunol 2018; 197:77-85. [PMID: 30218707 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Assumption that the pathogenesis of obesity-associated type 2 diabetes (T2DM) encompasses inflammation and autoimmune aspects is increasingly recognized. In the state of obesity and T2DM, the imbalance of T helper 17 (Th17) cells and regulatory T (Treg) cells are observed. These alterations reflect a loss of T cell homeostasis, which may contribute to tissue and systemic inflammation and immunity in T2DM. In this review we will discuss the accumulating data supporting the concept that Th17/Treg mediated immune responses are present in obesity-related T2DM pathogenesis, and provide evidences that restoration of Th17/Treg imbalance may be a possible therapeutic avenue for the prevention and treatment of T2DM and its complications.
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29
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Su J, Li Y, Su G, Wang J, Qiu T, Ma R, Zhao L. Genetic association of CTLA4 gene with polycystic ovary syndrome in the Chinese Han population. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e11422. [PMID: 30024513 PMCID: PMC6086533 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000011422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The autoimmune and gene etiology are implicated in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4) is important for negative regulation of T-cell activation, and CTLA4 gene has been identified as a risk factor for some autoimmune diseases. However, none studies have been performed about the association between PCOS and the CTLA4 gene before. Here, we aimed to investigate the association of CTLA4 with PCOS in the Chinese Han population though a case-control association analysis of 606 individuals. The tagging variants rs733618 and rs231775 in the CTLA4 gene were detected using polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis method. Further analysis found the rs733618 was significantly different between case and control groups in either genotypic or allelic distribution (P = .01 and .009, respectively) while rs231775 not. Moreover, rs733618 was significantly associated with higher body mass index in the dominant model (P = .003) and with higher waist/hip ratio in the recessive model (P = .02). Interestingly, rs733618 was only found to have significant association with homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in both dominant and recessive model (P = .009 and .0065, respectively). This is the first study to investigate the association of CTLA4 gene with PCOS. The CTLA4 gene is suggested to correlated with PCOS, and influence PCOS through regulating obesity and the HOMA-IR in a novel way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Su
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University
| | - Guanglong Su
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Urumqi, Urumqi Xinjiang, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University
| | - Ting Qiu
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University
| | - Rong Ma
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University
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30
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Nam SY. Obesity-Related Digestive Diseases and Their Pathophysiology. Gut Liver 2018; 11:323-334. [PMID: 27890867 PMCID: PMC5417774 DOI: 10.5009/gnl15557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a growing medical and public health problem worldwide. Many digestive diseases are related to obesity. In this article, the current state of our knowledge of obesity-related digestive diseases, their pathogenesis, and the medical and metabolic consequences of weight reduction are discussed. Obesity-related digestive diseases include gastroesophageal reflux disease, Barrett’s esophagus, esophageal cancer, colon polyp and cancer, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatitis C-related disease, hepatocellular carcinoma, gallstone, cholangiocarcinoma, and pancreatic cancer. Although obesity-related esophageal diseases are associated with altered mechanical and humoral factors, other obesity-related digestive diseases seem to be associated with obesity-induced altered circulating levels of adipocytokines and insulin resistance. The relationship between functional gastrointestinal disease and obesity has been debated. This review provides a comprehensive evaluation of the obesity-related digestive diseases, including pathophysiology, obesity-related risk, and medical and metabolic effects of weight reduction in obese subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Youn Nam
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastric Cancer Center, Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Daegu, Korea
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31
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Improved Glucose Tolerance in a Kidney Transplant Recipient With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus After Switching From Tacrolimus To Belatacept: A Case Report and Review of Potential Mechanisms. Transplant Direct 2018; 4:e350. [PMID: 29707621 PMCID: PMC5912016 DOI: 10.1097/txd.0000000000000767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Supplemental digital content is available in the text. The introduction of immunosuppressant belatacept, an inhibitor of the CD28-80/86 pathway, has improved 1-year outcomes in kidney transplant recipients with preexistent diabetes mellitus and has also reduced the risk of posttransplant diabetes mellitus. So far, no studies have compared a tacrolimus-based with a belatacept-based immunosuppressive regimen with regard to improving glucose tolerance after kidney transplantation. Here, we present the case of a 54-year-old man with type 2 diabetes mellitus who was converted from belatacept to tacrolimus 1 year after a successful kidney transplantation. Thereafter, he quickly developed severe hyperglycemia, and administration of insulin was needed to improve metabolic control. Six months after this episode, he was converted back to belatacept because of nausea, diarrhea, and hyperglycemia. After switching back to belatacept and within 4 days after stopping tacrolimus glucose tolerance improved and insulin therapy could be discontinued. Although belatacept is considered less diabetogenic than tacrolimus, the rapid improvement of glucose tolerance after switching to belatacept is remarkable. In this article, the potential mechanisms of this observation are discussed.
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32
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Zhong JX, Chen J, Rao X, Duan L. Dichotomous roles of co-stimulatory molecules in diabetes mellitus. Oncotarget 2018; 9:2902-2911. [PMID: 29416823 PMCID: PMC5788691 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have established the importance of immune dysfunction in the development of diabetes mellitus, including typ1 and typ2 diabetes, and it is worth noting that T cell activation acts a key role in the pathogenesis of loss of β cell mass, adipose inflammation and insulin resistance. Regarding as an important checkpoint in the process of T cell activation, co-stimulatory molecules interaction between antigen present cells and T cells have been identified the critical role in the development of diabetes mellitus. Thus, blockage of co-stimulatory dyads interaction between antigen present cells and T cells was supposed to a potential of therapeutic strategies. However, studies also showed that inhibition or deletion of some co-stimulatory molecules do not always reduce the development of diabetes, and even exacerbate the disease activity. Here, in this context, we highlight the dichotomous role of co-stimulatory molecules interaction in the pathogenesis of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Xin Zhong
- Department of Endocrinology, Central Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, Hubei, China 430061
| | - Jie Chen
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA 44106
- Basic Medical Department of Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China 361102
| | - Xiaoquan Rao
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA 44106
| | - Lihua Duan
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China 361003
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33
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Jin B, Liu L, Zhang S, Cao X, Xu Y, Wang J, Sun L. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance-Assisted Metabolic Analysis of Plasma for Mild Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Patients. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2017; 15:439-449. [PMID: 29022831 DOI: 10.1089/met.2017.0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bai Jin
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liping Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuxuan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First People's Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Cao
- Department of Obstetrics, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yuhong Xu
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junsong Wang
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lizhou Sun
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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34
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Liu B, Yu H, Sun G, Sun X, Jin H, Zhang C, Shi W, Tian D, Liu K, Xu H, Li X, Yin J, Hong X, Zhang D. OX40 promotes obesity-induced adipose inflammation and insulin resistance. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:3827-3840. [PMID: 28612217 PMCID: PMC11107569 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2552-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Revised: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Adaptive immunity plays a critical role in IR and T2DM development; however, the biological mechanisms linking T cell costimulation and glucose metabolism have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we demonstrated that the costimulatory molecule OX40 controls T cell activation and IR development. Inflammatory cell accumulation and enhanced proinflammatory gene expression, as well as high OX40 expression levels on CD4+ T cells, were observed in the adipose tissues of mice with diet-induced obesity. OX40-KO mice exhibited significantly less weight gain and lower fasting glucose levels than those of WT mice, without obvious adipose tissue inflammation. The effects of OX40 on IR are mechanistically linked to the promotion of T cell activation, Th1 cell differentiation and proliferation-as well as the attenuation of Treg suppressive activity and the enhancement of proinflammatory cytokine production-in adipose tissues. Furthermore, OX40 expression on T cells was positively associated with obesity in humans, suggesting that our findings are clinically relevant. In summary, our study revealed that OX40 in CD4+ T cells is crucial for adipose tissue inflammation and IR development. Therefore, the OX40 signaling pathway may be a new target for preventing or treating obesity-related IR and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Liu
- Endocrinology Department, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong-an Road, Xi-cheng District, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Hengchi Yu
- Endocrinology Department, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong-an Road, Xi-cheng District, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangyong Sun
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong-an Road, Xi-cheng District, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojing Sun
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong-an Road, Xi-cheng District, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Jin
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong-an Road, Xi-cheng District, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunpan Zhang
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong-an Road, Xi-cheng District, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Shi
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong-an Road, Xi-cheng District, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Tian
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong-an Road, Xi-cheng District, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Liu
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong-an Road, Xi-cheng District, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Hufeng Xu
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong-an Road, Xi-cheng District, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinmin Li
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong-an Road, Xi-cheng District, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Yin
- Endocrinology Department, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Hong
- Endocrinology Department, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dong Zhang
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong-an Road, Xi-cheng District, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China.
- Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China.
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35
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Bae JH, Hwang WS, Jang YJ, Lee YH, Jang DE, Kim JS, Yeom SC. CD80CD86 deficiency disrupts regulatory CD4+FoxP3+T cell homoeostasis and induces autoimmune-like alopecia. Exp Dermatol 2017; 26:1053-1059. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.13371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hyun Bae
- Designed Animal and Transplantation Research Institute; Greenbio Research and Technology; Seoul National University; Pyeongchang Kangwon Korea
| | - Woo-Sung Hwang
- Designed Animal and Transplantation Research Institute; Greenbio Research and Technology; Seoul National University; Pyeongchang Kangwon Korea
| | - Yoo-Jin Jang
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology; Seoul National University; Pyeongchang Kangwon Korea
| | - Yoon-Hoo Lee
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology; Seoul National University; Pyeongchang Kangwon Korea
| | - Da-Eun Jang
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology; Seoul National University; Pyeongchang Kangwon Korea
| | - Jung-Sik Kim
- Institute of Endemic Diseases; Seoul National University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
- Xenotransplantation Research Center; Seoul National University; Chongno Seol Korea
| | - Su-Cheong Yeom
- Designed Animal and Transplantation Research Institute; Greenbio Research and Technology; Seoul National University; Pyeongchang Kangwon Korea
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology; Seoul National University; Pyeongchang Kangwon Korea
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36
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Rizkallah J, Kamar N, Bello AD. Acute antibody mediated rejection following sleeve gastrectomy in a kidney-transplant recipient treated with a belatacept-Mycophenolate mofetil based therapy. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2017; 13:e19-e20. [PMID: 28363404 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2017.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jamale Rizkallah
- Nephrology and Organ Transplant Department, CHU, TOULOUSE, France
| | - Nassim Kamar
- Nephrology and Organ Transplant Department, CHU, TOULOUSE, France
| | - Arnaud Del Bello
- Nephrology and Organ Transplant Department, CHU, TOULOUSE, France.
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37
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Morin SO, Poggi M, Alessi MC, Landrier JF, Nunès JA. Modulation of T Cell Activation in Obesity. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 26:489-500. [PMID: 27225042 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Immune T cells are present in adipose tissues (AT), and the stoichiometry of the different T cell subsets is altered during diet-induced obesity (DIO). T cells contribute to the early steps of AT inflammation during DIO. Recent Advances: Many factors could potentially be responsible for this altered pro-inflammatory versus anti-inflammatory T cell balance. CRITICAL ISSUES T cells are potentially activated in AT, which vitamin D might contribute to, as will be discussed in this article. In addition, we will review the different possible contributors to T cell activation in AT, such as the CD28 and CD154 T cell costimulatory molecules in AT. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The potential antigen presentation capacities of adipocytes should be further investigated. Moreover, the properties of these AT resident (or migrating to AT) T cells must be further assessed. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 26, 489-500.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie O Morin
- 1 Inserm, U1068, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille , Marseille, France .,2 Institut Paoli-Calmettes , Marseille, France .,3 CNRS, UMR7258, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille , Marseille, France .,4 Aix-Marseille Université , UM105, Marseille, France
| | - Marjorie Poggi
- 5 Inserm U1062 , Marseille, France .,6 Inra , UMR1260, Marseille, France .,7 Aix-Marseille Université , Nutrition Obésité Risques Thrombotiques, Marseille, France
| | - Marie-Christine Alessi
- 5 Inserm U1062 , Marseille, France .,6 Inra , UMR1260, Marseille, France .,7 Aix-Marseille Université , Nutrition Obésité Risques Thrombotiques, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-François Landrier
- 5 Inserm U1062 , Marseille, France .,6 Inra , UMR1260, Marseille, France .,7 Aix-Marseille Université , Nutrition Obésité Risques Thrombotiques, Marseille, France
| | - Jacques A Nunès
- 1 Inserm, U1068, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille , Marseille, France .,2 Institut Paoli-Calmettes , Marseille, France .,3 CNRS, UMR7258, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille , Marseille, France .,4 Aix-Marseille Université , UM105, Marseille, France
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38
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Tu L, Chen J, Zhang H, Duan L. Interleukin-4 Inhibits Regulatory T Cell Differentiation through Regulating CD103+ Dendritic Cells. Front Immunol 2017; 8:214. [PMID: 28316599 PMCID: PMC5334285 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
CD103+ dendritic cells (DCs) have been shown to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) through educating regulatory T (Treg) cells differentiation. However, the mechanism of CD103+ DCs subsets differentiation remains elusive. Interleukin (IL)-4 is a pleiotropic cytokine that is upregulated in certain types of inflammation, including IBDs and especially ulcerative colitis. However, the precise role of IL-4 in the differentiation of CD103+ DCs subpopulation remains unknown. In this study, we observed a repressive role of IL-4 on the CD103+ DCs differentiation in both mouse and human. High-dose IL-4 inhibited the CD103+ DC differentiation. In comparison to CD103- DCs, CD103+ DCs expressed high levels of the co-stimulatory molecules and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). Interestingly, IL-4 diminished IDO expression on DCs in a dose-dependent manner. Besides, high-dose IL-4-induced bone marrow-derived DCs, and monocyte-derived DCs revealed mature DCs profiles, characterized by increased co-stimulatory molecules and decreased pinocytotic function. Furthermore, DCs generated under low concentrations of IL-4 favored Treg cells differentiation, which depend on IDO produced by CD103+ DCs. Consistently, IL-4 also reduced the frequency of CD103+ DC in vivo. Thus, we here demonstrated that the cytokine IL-4 involved in certain types of inflammatory diseases by orchestrating the functional phenotype of CD103+ DCs subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Jie Chen
- Medical College, Xiamen University , Xiamen , China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Lihua Duan
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University , Xiamen , China
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Abstract
The prevalence of obesity-related hypertension is high worldwide and has become a major health issue. The mechanisms by which obesity relates to hypertensive disease are still under intense research scrutiny, and include altered hemodynamics, impaired sodium homeostasis, renal dysfunction, autonomic nervous system imbalance, endocrine alterations, oxidative stress and inflammation, and vascular injury. Most of these contributing factors interact with each other at multiple levels. Thus, as a multifactorial and complex disease, obesity-related hypertension should be recognized as a distinctive form of hypertension, and specific considerations should apply in planning therapeutic approaches to treat obese individuals with high blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinko Susic
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, 1514 Jefferson Highway New Orleans, Louisiana 70121, USA
| | - Jasmina Varagic
- Hypertension & Vascular Research, Department of Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA.
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40
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Zirlik A, Lutgens E. An inflammatory link in atherosclerosis and obesity. Co-stimulatory molecules. Hamostaseologie 2016. [PMID: 26225729 DOI: 10.5482/hamo-14-12-0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis and obesity-induced metabolic dysfunction are lipid-driven inflammatory pathologies responsible for a major part of cardiovascular complications. Immune cell activation as well as interactions between the different immune cells is dependent on and controlled by a variety of co-stimulatory signals. These co-stimulatory signals can either aggravate or ameliorate the disease depending on the stage of the disease, the cell-types involved and the signal transduction cascades initiated. This review focuses on the diverse roles of the most established co-stimulatory molecules of the B7 and Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor (TNFR) families, ie the CD28/CTLA4-CD80/CD86 and CD40L/CD40 dyads in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and obesity. In addition, we will explore their potential as therapeutic targets in both atherosclerosis and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zirlik
- Prof. Andreas Zirlik, Atherogenesis Research Group, Heart Center Freiburg University, Cardiology and Angiology I, University of Freiburg, Germany, E-mail:
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Zhang SY, Lv Y, Zhang H, Gao S, Wang T, Feng J, Wang Y, Liu G, Xu MJ, Wang X, Jiang C. Adrenomedullin 2 Improves Early Obesity-Induced Adipose Insulin Resistance by Inhibiting the Class II MHC in Adipocytes. Diabetes 2016; 65:2342-55. [PMID: 27207558 DOI: 10.2337/db15-1626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
MHC class II (MHCII) antigen presentation in adipocytes was reported to trigger early adipose inflammation and insulin resistance. However, the benefits of MHCII inhibition in adipocytes remain largely unknown. Here, we showed that human plasma polypeptide adrenomedullin 2 (ADM2) levels were negatively correlated with HOMA of insulin resistance in obese human. Adipose-specific human ADM2 transgenic (aADM2-tg) mice were generated. The aADM2-tg mice displayed improvements in high-fat diet-induced early adipose insulin resistance. This was associated with increased insulin signaling and decreased systemic inflammation. ADM2 dose-dependently inhibited CIITA-induced MHCII expression by increasing Blimp1 expression in a CRLR/RAMP1-cAMP-dependent manner in cultured adipocytes. Furthermore, ADM2 treatment restored the high-fat diet-induced early insulin resistance in adipose tissue, mainly via inhibition of adipocyte MHCII antigen presentation and CD4(+) T-cell activation. This study demonstrates that ADM2 is a promising candidate for the treatment of early obesity-induced insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Yang Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Lv
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Song Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Feng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhui Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - George Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Jiang Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, China
| | - Xian Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, China
| | - Changtao Jiang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, China
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Ahmed RH, Huri HZ, Al-Hamodi Z, Salem SD, Al-absi B, Muniandy S. Association of DPP4 Gene Polymorphisms with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Malaysian Subjects. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154369. [PMID: 27111895 PMCID: PMC4844141 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Genetic polymorphisms of the Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 (DPP4) gene may play a role in the etiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study aimed to investigate the possible association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the DPP4 gene in Malaysian subjects with T2DM and evaluated whether they had an effect on the serum levels of soluble dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (sDPP-IV). Method Ten DPP4 SNPs were genotyped by TaqMan genotyping assays in 314 subjects with T2DM and 235 controls. Of these, 71 metabolic syndrome (MetS) subjects were excluded from subsequent analysis. The odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence interval (CIs) were calculated using multiple logistic regression for the association between the SNPs of DPP4 and T2DM. In addition, the serum levels of sDPP-IV were investigated to evaluate the association of the SNPs of DPP4 with the sDPP-IV levels. Results Dominant, recessive, and additive genetic models were employed to test the association of DPP4 polymorphisms with T2DM, after adjusting for age, race, gender and BMI. The rs12617656 was associated with T2DM in Malaysian subjects in the recessive genetic model (OR = 1.98, p = 0.006), dominant model (OR = 1.95, p = 0.008), and additive model (OR = 1.63, p = 0.001). This association was more pronounced among Malaysian Indians, recessive (OR = 3.21, p = 0.019), dominant OR = 3.72, p = 0.003) and additive model (OR = 2.29, p = 0.0009). The additive genetic model showed that DPP4 rs4664443 and rs7633162 polymorphisms were associated with T2DM (OR = 1.53, p = 0.039), and (OR = 1.42, p = 0.020), respectively. In addition, the rs4664443 G>A polymorphism was associated with increased sDPP-IV levels (p = 0.042) in T2DM subjects. Conclusions DPP4 polymorphisms were associated with T2DM in Malaysian subjects, and linked to variations in sDPP-IV levels. In addition, these associations were more pronounced among Malaysian Indian subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radwan H. Ahmed
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- * E-mail: (RHA); (SM)
| | - Hasniza Zaman Huri
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Clinical Investigation Centre, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zaid Al-Hamodi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Sana’a University, Sana’a, Yemen
| | - Sameer D. Salem
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Sana’a University, Sana’a, Yemen
| | - Boshra Al-absi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sekaran Muniandy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- * E-mail: (RHA); (SM)
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Nati M, Haddad D, Birkenfeld AL, Koch CA, Chavakis T, Chatzigeorgiou A. The role of immune cells in metabolism-related liver inflammation and development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2016; 17:29-39. [PMID: 26847547 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-016-9339-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The low grade inflammatory state present in obesity promotes the progression of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD). In Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH), augmented hepatic steatosis is accompanied by aberrant intrahepatic inflammation and exacerbated hepatocellular injury. NASH is an important disorder and can lead to fibrosis, cirrhosis and even neoplasia. The pathology of NASH involves a complex network of mechanisms, including increased infiltration of different subsets of immune cells, such as monocytes, T-lymphocytes and neutrophils, to the liver, as well as activation and in situ expansion of liver resident cells such as Kupffer cells or stellate cells. In this review, we summarize recent advances regarding understanding the role of the various cells of the innate and adaptive immunity in NASH development and progression, and discuss possible future therapeutic options and tools to interfere with disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Nati
- Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, MTZ, Fiedlerstrasse 42, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - David Haddad
- Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, MTZ, Fiedlerstrasse 42, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas L Birkenfeld
- Section of Metabolic Vascular Medicine, Medical Clinic III, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, Rayne Institute, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Christian A Koch
- Division of Endocrinology, Endocrine Tumor Program, Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Triantafyllos Chavakis
- Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, MTZ, Fiedlerstrasse 42, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Antonios Chatzigeorgiou
- Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, MTZ, Fiedlerstrasse 42, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany.
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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Majdoubi A, Kishta OA, Thibodeau J. Role of antigen presentation in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in obese adipose tissue. Cytokine 2016; 82:112-21. [PMID: 26854212 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Type II diabetes regroups different physiological anomalies that ultimately lead to low-grade chronic inflammation, insulin resistance and loss of pancreatic β-cells. Obesity is one of the best examples of such a condition that can develop into Metabolic Syndrome, causing serious health problems of great socio-economic consequences. The pathological outcome of obesity has a genetic basis and depends on the delicate balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory effectors of the immune system. The causal link between obesity and inflammation is well established. While innate immunity plays a key role in the development of a pro-inflammatory state in obese adipose tissues, it has now become clear that adaptive immune cells are also involved and participate in the cascade of events that lead to metabolic perturbations. The efficacy of some immunotherapeutic protocols in reducing the symptoms of obesity-driven metabolic syndrome in mice implicated all arms of the immune response. Recently, the production of pathogenic immunoglobulins and pro-inflammatory cytokines by B and T lymphocytes suggested an auto-immune basis for the establishment of a non-healthy obese state. Understanding the cellular landscape of obese adipose tissues and how immune cells sustain chronic inflammation holds the key to the development of targeted therapies. In this review, we emphasize the role of antigen-presenting cells and MHC molecules in obese adipose tissue and the general contribution of the adaptive arm of the immune system in inflammation-induced insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelilah Majdoubi
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie Moléculaire, Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Osama A Kishta
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie Moléculaire, Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jacques Thibodeau
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie Moléculaire, Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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Abstract
Low-grade inflammation in the obese AT (AT) and the liver is a critical player in the development of obesity-related metabolic dysregulation, including insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Myeloid as well as lymphoid cells infiltrate the AT and the liver and expand within these metabolic organs as a result of excessive nutrient intake, thereby exacerbating tissue inflammation. Macrophages are the paramount cell population in the field of metabolism-related inflammation; as obesity progresses, a switch takes place within the AT environment from an M2-alternatively activated macrophage state to an M1-inflammatory macrophage-dominated milieu. M1-polarized macrophages secrete inflammatory cytokines like TNF in the obese AT; such cytokines contribute to insulin resistance in adipocytes. Besides macrophages, also CD8+ T cells promote inflammation in the AT and the liver and thereby the deterioration of the metabolic balance in adipocytes and hepatocytes. Other cells of the innate immunity, such as neutrophils or mast cells, interfere with metabolic homeostasis as well. On the other hand, eosinophils or T-regulatory cells, the number of which in the AT decreases in the course of obesity, function to maintain metabolic balance by ameliorating inflammatory processes. In addition, eosinophils and M2-polarized macrophages may contribute to "beige" adipogenesis under lean conditions; beige adipocytes are located predominantly in the subcutaneous AT and have thermogenic and optimal energy-dispensing properties like brown adipocytes. This chapter will summarize the different aspects of the regulation of homeostasis of metabolic tissues by immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonios Chatzigeorgiou
- Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden, German Center for Diabetes Research, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Triantafyllos Chavakis
- Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden, German Center for Diabetes Research, Dresden, Germany
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Xia F, Cao H, Du J, Liu X, Liu Y, Xiang M. Reg3g overexpression promotes β cell regeneration and induces immune tolerance in nonobese-diabetic mouse model. J Leukoc Biol 2015; 99:1131-40. [PMID: 26667474 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3a0815-371rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The regenerating islet-derived gene was first isolated in regenerated pancreas tissues, greatly contributing to β cell regeneration. It is an anti-inflammatory in response to cellular stress. This encouraged us to investigate the exact role of a novel member of Reg family, regenerating islet-derived gene γ, in type 1 diabetes of nonobese-diabetic mice. For this, Reg3g gene was overexpressed in pancreatic islets, and conferred beneficial effects on β cell regeneration through activating the Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3/nuclear factor κB signaling pathway. Lentiviral vector-encoding regenerating islet-derived gene γ treatment also decreased lymphocyte infiltrates of the intra-islet and peri-islet by inducing both differentiation of regulatory T cell and immature dendritic cells of tolerogenic properties, which attenuated autoimmunity. This treatment further contributed to rebalanced levels of type 1/2 helper T cell cytokines and elevated α1-antitrypsin levels in the serum. These results were not observed in phosphate-buffered saline-treated mice or in lentivirus-control mice. We have shown, for the first time, to our knowledge, that regenerating islet-derived gene γ promotes β cell regeneration and preserves β cells from autoimmunity damage by increasing regulatory T cell differentiation and inducing tolerated dendritic cells. This regenerating islet-derived gene γ infusion could probably be developed into an optimal gene therapy for the prevention and reversal of type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xia
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; and
| | - Hui Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; and
| | - Jiao Du
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; and
| | - Xiulan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; and
| | - Yang Liu
- Synergy Innovation Center of Biological Peptide Antidiabetics of Hubei Province, School of Life Science, Wuchang University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming Xiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; and
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Morris DL, Oatmen KE, Mergian TA, Cho KW, DelProposto JL, Singer K, Evans-Molina C, O'Rourke RW, Lumeng CN. CD40 promotes MHC class II expression on adipose tissue macrophages and regulates adipose tissue CD4+ T cells with obesity. J Leukoc Biol 2015; 99:1107-19. [PMID: 26658005 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3a0115-009r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity activates both innate and adaptive immune responses in adipose tissue, but the mechanisms critical for regulating these responses remain unknown. CD40/CD40L signaling provides bidirectional costimulatory signals between antigen-presenting cells and CD4(+) T cells, and CD40L expression is increased in obese humans. Therefore, we examined the contribution of CD40 to the progression of obesity-induced inflammation in mice. CD40 was highly expressed on adipose tissue macrophages in mice, and CD40/CD40L signaling promoted the expression of antigen-presenting cell markers in adipose tissue macrophages. When fed a high fat diet, Cd40-deficient mice had reduced accumulation of conventional CD4(+) T cells (Tconv: CD3(+)CD4(+)Foxp3(-)) in visceral fat compared with wild-type mice. By contrast, the number of regulatory CD4(+) T cells (Treg: CD3(+)CD4(+)Foxp3(+)) in lean and obese fat was similar between wild-type and knockout mice. Adipose tissue macrophage content and inflammatory gene expression in fat did not differ between obese wild-type and knockout mice; however, major histocompatibility complex class II and CD86 expression on adipose tissue macrophages was reduced in visceral fat from knockout mice. Similar results were observed in chimeric mice with hematopoietic Cd40-deficiency. Nonetheless, neither whole body nor hematopoietic disruption of CD40 ameliorated obesity-induced insulin resistance in mice. In human adipose tissue, CD40 expression was positively correlated with CD80 and CD86 expression in obese patients with type 2 diabetes. These findings indicate that CD40 signaling in adipose tissue macrophages regulates major histocompatibility complex class II and CD86 expression to control the expansion of CD4(+) T cells; however, this is largely dispensable for the development of obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Morris
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kelsie E Oatmen
- Literature, Science and Arts Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Taleen A Mergian
- Literature, Science and Arts Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kae Won Cho
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jennifer L DelProposto
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kanakadurga Singer
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Carmella Evans-Molina
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Robert W O'Rourke
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Department of Surgery, Ann Arbor Veteran's Administration Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Carey N Lumeng
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA;
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Pendeloski KPT, Mattar R, Torloni MR, Gomes CP, Alexandre SM, Daher S. Immunoregulatory molecules in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus. Endocrine 2015; 50:99-109. [PMID: 25754913 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-015-0567-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Induction of maternal-fetal immune tolerance is essential for the development of normal pregnancy. Impaired expression of costimulatory molecules may lead to intense inflammatory reaction, a mechanism involved in the pathophysiology of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The aim of this study was to investigate whether immunoregulatory molecules are involved in the physiopathology of GDM. This case-control study included 30 healthy pregnant women and 20 GDM patients. Flow cytometry was used to assess peripheral blood T subpopulations (CD4(+) and CD8(+)), the expression of immunoregulatory molecules (CD28, ICOS, CTLA-4, and PD-1) and activation markers (CD69 and HLA-DR). Compared to healthy women, GDM patients had a significantly higher frequency of CD4(+)CD69(+) and CD8(+)CD69(+) T cells; only patients with insulin-treated GDM had increased numbers of CD4(+)HLA-DR(+) T cells. We also observed significantly higher percentages of CD4(+)CD28(+)HLA-DR(+), CD3(+)CD4(+)ICOS(+), CD3(+)CD4(+)PD-1(+), CD8(+)CD28(+)CD69(+), CD8(+)CD28(+)HLA-DR(+), CD8(+)CTLA-4(+)HLA-DR(+), and CD3(+)CD8(+)ICOS(+) T cells and lower frequency of CD3(+)CD4(+)CTLA-4(+), CD3(+)CD8(+)CTLA-4(+), and CD8(+)ICOS(+)HLA-DR(+) T cells in GDM patients compared to healthy pregnant women. This first study assessing costimulatory molecules in GDM patients shows that these patients have exacerbated markers of T cell activation along with CTLA-4 deficiency, findings that indicate that the maternal-fetal tolerance is compromised in these patients.
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Adaptive Immunity and Antigen-Specific Activation in Obesity-Associated Insulin Resistance. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:593075. [PMID: 26146464 PMCID: PMC4471324 DOI: 10.1155/2015/593075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a metabolic disease that is strongly tied to obesity and often preceded by insulin resistance (IR). It has been established that chronic inflammation of hypertrophic adipose tissue depots in obese individuals leads to obesity-associated IR and is mediated by cells of the innate immune system, particularly macrophages. More recently, cells of the adaptive immune system, B and T lymphocytes, have also emerged as important regulators of glucose homeostasis, raising the intriguing possibility that antigen-driven immune responses play a role in disease. In this review, we critically evaluate the roles that various B and T cell subsets play in IR, and then we examine the data suggesting that antigen-driven mechanisms, such as antigen presentation and costimulation, may drive the activity of these lymphocytes.
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50
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Poggi M, Morin SO, Bastelica D, Govers R, Canault M, Bernot D, Georgelin O, Verdier M, Burcelin R, Olive D, Alessi MC, Peiretti F, Nunès JA. CD28 deletion improves obesity-induced liver steatosis but increases adiposity in mice. Int J Obes (Lond) 2015; 39:977-85. [PMID: 25771927 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2015.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Lymphocytes have a critical role in visceral adipose tissue (AT) inflammation. The CD28 costimulatory molecule is required for lymphocyte activation and for the development of a functional regulatory T cells (Tregs) compartment; however, its role during obesity is unknown. METHODS During diet-induced obesity, we investigated the effects of selective interference with CD28 signaling using knockout mice (Cd28KO) and a CTLA4-Ig fusion protein inhibiting CD28-B7 interactions. RESULTS Cd28 deficiency decreased pathogenic T cells and Treg content within AT without changing the macrophages number. Cd28KO epididymal but not subcutaneous fat was characterized by enlarged adipocytes, reduced levels of inflammatory cytokines and increased Glut4, adiponectin and lipogenic enzyme mRNA levels. This was associated with reduced inflammation, fat accumulation and enhanced glucose metabolism in liver. Weight gain and fasting glucose tolerance were not affected. CTLA4-Ig injections reduced the number of T cells in epididymal AT (epiAT) but not the inflammatory cytokines levels and failed to improve liver fat accumulation. CONCLUSIONS Deletion of CD28 creates a new pro/anti-inflammatory balance in epiAT and liver and exerts a protective effect against hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Poggi
- 1] Inserm, U1062, Marseilles, France [2] Inra, UMR1260, Marseilles, France [3] Aix-Marseille Université, NORT, Marseilles, France
| | - S O Morin
- 1] Inserm, U1068, CRCM, Marseilles, France [2] Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseilles, France [3] Aix-Marseille Université, UM 105, Marseilles, France [4] CNRS, UMR7258, CRCM, Marseilles, France
| | - D Bastelica
- 1] Inserm, U1062, Marseilles, France [2] Inra, UMR1260, Marseilles, France [3] Aix-Marseille Université, NORT, Marseilles, France
| | - R Govers
- 1] Inserm, U1062, Marseilles, France [2] Inra, UMR1260, Marseilles, France [3] Aix-Marseille Université, NORT, Marseilles, France
| | - M Canault
- 1] Inserm, U1062, Marseilles, France [2] Inra, UMR1260, Marseilles, France [3] Aix-Marseille Université, NORT, Marseilles, France
| | - D Bernot
- 1] Inserm, U1062, Marseilles, France [2] Inra, UMR1260, Marseilles, France [3] Aix-Marseille Université, NORT, Marseilles, France
| | - O Georgelin
- 1] Inserm, U1062, Marseilles, France [2] Inra, UMR1260, Marseilles, France [3] Aix-Marseille Université, NORT, Marseilles, France
| | - M Verdier
- 1] Inserm, U1062, Marseilles, France [2] Inra, UMR1260, Marseilles, France [3] Aix-Marseille Université, NORT, Marseilles, France
| | - R Burcelin
- 1] Inserm, U1048, Toulouse, France [2] Université Paul Sabatier, IMC, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - D Olive
- 1] Inserm, U1068, CRCM, Marseilles, France [2] Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseilles, France [3] Aix-Marseille Université, UM 105, Marseilles, France [4] CNRS, UMR7258, CRCM, Marseilles, France
| | - M-C Alessi
- 1] Inserm, U1062, Marseilles, France [2] Inra, UMR1260, Marseilles, France [3] Aix-Marseille Université, NORT, Marseilles, France
| | - F Peiretti
- 1] Inserm, U1062, Marseilles, France [2] Inra, UMR1260, Marseilles, France [3] Aix-Marseille Université, NORT, Marseilles, France
| | - J A Nunès
- 1] Inserm, U1068, CRCM, Marseilles, France [2] Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseilles, France [3] Aix-Marseille Université, UM 105, Marseilles, France [4] CNRS, UMR7258, CRCM, Marseilles, France
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