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Islam R, Yu RMK, O'Connor WA, Lin X, Lai KP, Leusch FDL, MacFarlane GR. Intergenerational toxicity of 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2): Effects of parental exposure on early larval development and transcriptomic profiles in the Sydney rock oyster, Saccostrea glomerata. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 475:134876. [PMID: 38870858 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
This study exposed adult Sydney rock oysters, of either sex or both, to the synthetic estrogen 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) at 50 ng/L for 21 days, followed by an examination of developmental endpoints and transcriptomic responses in unexposed larvae. Reduced survival was observed at 1 day post-fertilisation (dpf) in larvae from bi-parental exposure (FTMT). Motile larvae at 2 dpf were fewer from maternal (FTMC), paternal (FCMT), and FTMT exposures. Additionally, shell length at 7 dpf decreased in larvae from FTMC and FTMT parents. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) revealed 1064 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in 1-dpf larvae from FTMT parents, while fewer DEGs were detected in larvae from FTMC and FCMT parents, with 258 and 7, respectively. GO and KEGG analyses showed significant enrichment of DEGs in diverse terms and pathways, with limited overlap among treatment groups. IPA results indicated potential inhibition of pathways regulating energy production, larval development, transcription, and detoxification of reactive oxygen species in FTMT larvae. qRT-PCR validation confirmed significant downregulation of selected DEGs involved in these pathways and relevant biological processes, as identified in the RNA-seq dataset. Overall, our results suggest that the intergenerational toxicity of EE2 is primarily maternally transmitted, with bi-parental exposure amplifying these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafiquel Islam
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Islamic University, Kushtia 7003, Bangladesh
| | - Richard Man Kit Yu
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Wayne A O'Connor
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Port Stephens Fisheries Institute, Taylors Beach, NSW 2316, Australia
| | - Xiao Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Keng Po Lai
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Integrative Omics, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Frederic D L Leusch
- Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Geoff R MacFarlane
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
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Xiao L, Ye G. RUNX3 alleviates mitochondrial dysfunction and tubular damage by inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB signalling pathway in diabetic kidney disease. Nephrology (Carlton) 2024; 29:470-481. [PMID: 38735649 DOI: 10.1111/nep.14307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
AIM The impaired function of tubular mitochondria is critical in diabetic kidney disease (DKD) progression. RUNX3 is down-regulated in DKD models. We intend to explore the effects of RUNX3 on mitochondrial dysfunction and renal tubule injury in DKD and related mechanisms. METHODS The development of diabetes models involved injecting mice with streptozotocin while treating HK-2 cells with high glucose (HG). By using immunohistochemical techniques, the renal localizations of RUNX3 were identified. Levels of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), mitochondrial membrane potential, and biochemical index were detected by appropriate kits. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was assessed with dihydroethidium and MitoSOX Red staining. Apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry and TUNEL. RUNX3 ubiquitination was measured. RESULTS RUNX3 was mainly present in renal tubules. Overexpressing RUNX3 increased Mfn2, Mfn1, ATP levels, and mitochondrial membrane potential, reduced Drp1 and ROS levels and cell apoptosis, as well as Cyt-C release into the cytoplasm. RUNX3 overexpression displayed a reduction in urinary albumin to creatinine ratio, Hemoglobin A1c, serum creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen. Overexpressing TLR4 attenuated the inhibitory effect of RUNX3 overexpression on mitochondrial dysfunction and cell apoptosis. HG promoted RUNX3 ubiquitination and SMURF2 expression. RUNX3 knockdown cancelled the inhibitory effect of SMURF2 on mitochondrial dysfunction and cell apoptosis. CONCLUSION SMURF2 interference inhibits RUNX3 ubiquitination and TLR4/NF-κB signalling pathway, thereby alleviating renal tubule injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, Wuhan Third Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Ye
- Department of Nephrology, Wuhan Third Hospital, Wuhan, China
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Liu F, Feng Q, Yang M, Yang Y, Nie J, Wang S. Quercetin prevented diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting renal tubular epithelial cell apoptosis via the PI3K/AKT pathway. Phytother Res 2024; 38:3594-3606. [PMID: 38725104 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the most common and serious complication of diabetes, posing a significant threat to human health. Currently, safe and effective preventive strategies for DN are lacking. The study aimed to explore the preventive effect and the underlying mechanism of quercetin against DN. In the in vivo experiments, we established a mouse model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) induced by a combination of high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ) to explore the preventive effect of quercetin on DN and its protective role against renal tubular epithelial cell apoptosis. Subsequently, in vitro experiments using human tubular epithelial cells (HK-2 cells) were conducted to further validate the protective effects of quercetin on renal tubular epithelial cell apoptosis. Additionally, we employed RNA sequencing analysis (RNA-seq) and network pharmacology analysis to comprehensively elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved. In vivo, we observed a significant increase in the ratio of urinary microalbumin to creatinine in diabetic mice compared to control mice, accompanied by the activation of renal tubular epithelial cell apoptosis. Remarkably, all of these changes were reversed after quercetin treatment. In vitro, high-glucose-induced apoptosis in HK-2 cells was significantly attenuated by quercetin. Subsequent RNA sequencing analysis and network pharmacology analysis revealed that quercetin was most likely to inhibit high-glucose-induced HK-2 cell apoptosis through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Western Blotting results further demonstrated that quercetin could inhibit the activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in HK-2 cells induced by high glucose. Our results supported that quercetin could prevent DN by inhibiting tubular epithelial cell apoptosis via the PI3K/AKT pathway. Quercetin might be a promising candidate for the prevention of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qianqian Feng
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengna Yang
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yichi Yang
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaqi Nie
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Suqing Wang
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- School of Nursing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Center for Chronic Disease Rehabilitation, School of Nursing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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4
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Liang J, Li B, Xia Y. MicroR-380-3p Reduces Sepsis-Induced Acute Kidney Injury via Regulating RAB1P to Restrain NF-κB Pathway. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2024; 263:69-79. [PMID: 38220171 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.2023.j106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Septic acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication in critically ill patients with high morbidity and mortality. This study intends to clarify the clinical value and molecular mechanism of microR-380-3p in septic AKI by recruiting patients with septic AKI and establishing septic AKI cell models. Patients with septic AKI were included and human kidney-2 (HK-2) cells were induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to construct the AKI cell model of sepsis. The expression of microR-380-3p was detected by quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). The expression of Bax, cleaved caspase 3, Bcl-2, p65, and p-p65 was detected by Western blot. The contents of inflammation and oxidation were determined by commercial kits. Bioinformatics predicted the binding target of microR-380-3p and a dual luciferase reporting system was used to verify the regulatory relationship between microR-380-3p and RAP1B. The concentration of microR-380-3p was elevated in patients with septic AKI and appeared to be a biomarker for these patients. Silenced microR-380-3p reversed the damage of LPS on HK-2 cells via promoting viability, inhibiting apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidation. RAP1B was a target of microR-380-3p and microR-380-3p exerted targeted inhibition of RAP1B expression level. Down-regulation of RAP1B reversed the influence of silenced microR-380-3p on HK-2 cells. MicroR-380-3p/RAP1B participated in activating the NF-κB pathway. MicroR-380-3p down-regulated RAP1B to exacerbate septic AKI, providing a potential therapeutic biomarker for septic AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jifang Liang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University
| | - Yanmei Xia
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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Liu BH, Xu CZ, Liu Y, Lu ZL, Fu TL, Li GR, Deng Y, Luo GQ, Ding S, Li N, Geng Q. Mitochondrial quality control in human health and disease. Mil Med Res 2024; 11:32. [PMID: 38812059 PMCID: PMC11134732 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-024-00536-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria, the most crucial energy-generating organelles in eukaryotic cells, play a pivotal role in regulating energy metabolism. However, their significance extends beyond this, as they are also indispensable in vital life processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, immune responses, and redox balance. In response to various physiological signals or external stimuli, a sophisticated mitochondrial quality control (MQC) mechanism has evolved, encompassing key processes like mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial dynamics, and mitophagy, which have garnered increasing attention from researchers to unveil their specific molecular mechanisms. In this review, we present a comprehensive summary of the primary mechanisms and functions of key regulators involved in major components of MQC. Furthermore, the critical physiological functions regulated by MQC and its diverse roles in the progression of various systemic diseases have been described in detail. We also discuss agonists or antagonists targeting MQC, aiming to explore potential therapeutic and research prospects by enhancing MQC to stabilize mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Hao Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Chen-Zhen Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Zi-Long Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Ting-Lv Fu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Guo-Rui Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yu Deng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Guo-Qing Luo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Song Ding
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
| | - Qing Geng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
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Ye S, Zhang M, Tang SCW, Li B, Chen W. PGC1-α in diabetic kidney disease: unraveling renoprotection and molecular mechanisms. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:304. [PMID: 38361088 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09232-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction represents a pivotal aspect of the pathogenesis and progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Central to the orchestration of mitochondrial biogenesis is the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1-α (PGC1-α), a master regulator with a profound impact on mitochondrial function. In the context of DKD, PGC1-α exhibits significant downregulation within intrinsic renal cells, precipitating a cascade of deleterious events. This includes a reduction in mitochondrial biogenesis, heightened levels of mitochondrial oxidative stress, perturbed mitochondrial dynamics, and dysregulated mitophagy. Concurrently, structural and functional abnormalities within the mitochondrial network ensue. In stark contrast, the sustained expression of PGC1-α emerges as a beacon of hope in maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis within intrinsic renal cells, ultimately demonstrating an impressive renoprotective potential in animal models afflicted with DKD. This comprehensive review aims to delve into the recent advancements in our understanding of the renoprotective properties wielded by PGC1-α. Specifically, it elucidates the potential molecular mechanisms underlying PGC1-α's protective effects within renal tubular epithelial cells, podocytes, glomerular endothelial cells, and mesangial cells in the context of DKD. By shedding light on these intricate mechanisms, we aspire to provide valuable insights that may pave the way for innovative therapeutic interventions in the management of DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyang Ye
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-Sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-Sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Sydney C W Tang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-Sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-Sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Liu S, Han S, Wang C, Chen H, Xu Q, Feng S, Wang Y, Yao J, Zhou Q, Tang X, Lin L, Hu L, Davidson AJ, Yang B, Ye C, Yang F, Mao J, Tong C, Chen J, Jiang H. MAPK1 Mediates MAM Disruption and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Diabetic Kidney Disease via the PACS-2-Dependent Mechanism. Int J Biol Sci 2024; 20:569-584. [PMID: 38169625 PMCID: PMC10758092 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.89291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Mitochondrial dysfunction in renal tubules, occurring early in the disease, is linked to the development of DKD, although the underlying pathways remain unclear. Here, we examine diabetic human and mouse kidneys, and HK-2 cells exposed to high glucose, to show that high glucose disrupts mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane (MAM) and causes mitochondrial fragmentation. We find that high glucose conditions increase mitogen-activated protein kinase 1(MAPK1), a member of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway, which in turn lowers the level of phosphofurin acidic cluster sorting protein 2 (PACS-2), a key component of MAM that tethers mitochondria to the ER. MAPK1-induced disruption of MAM leads to mitochondrial fragmentation but this can be rescued in HK-2 cells by increasing PACS-2 levels. Functional studies in diabetic mice show that inhibition of MAPK1 increases PACS-2 and protects against the loss of MAM and the mitochondrial fragmentation. Taken together, these results identify the MAPK1-PACS-2 axis as a key pathway to therapeutically target as well as provide new insights into the pathogenesis of DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Liu
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System Disease, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuai Han
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System Disease, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cuili Wang
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System Disease, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongjun Chen
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System Disease, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiannan Xu
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System Disease, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shi Feng
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System Disease, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yucheng Wang
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System Disease, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jihong Yao
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System Disease, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System Disease, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuanli Tang
- Department of nephrology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Nephrology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lidan Hu
- Department of Nephrology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Alan J Davidson
- Department of Molecular Medicine & Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Bing Yang
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cunqi Ye
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Biophysics, and Kidney Disease Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Mao
- Department of Nephrology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao Tong
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianghua Chen
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System Disease, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System Disease, Hangzhou, China
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Chae SY, Kim Y, Park CW. Oxidative Stress Induced by Lipotoxicity and Renal Hypoxia in Diabetic Kidney Disease and Possible Therapeutic Interventions: Targeting the Lipid Metabolism and Hypoxia. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2083. [PMID: 38136203 PMCID: PMC10740440 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12122083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress, a hallmark pathophysiological feature in diabetic kidney disease (DKD), arises from the intricate interplay between pro-oxidants and anti-oxidants. While hyperglycemia has been well established as a key contributor, lipotoxicity emerges as a significant instigator of oxidative stress. Lipotoxicity encompasses the accumulation of lipid intermediates, culminating in cellular dysfunction and cell death. However, the mechanisms underlying lipotoxic kidney injury in DKD still require further investigation. The key role of cell metabolism in the maintenance of cell viability and integrity in the kidney is of paramount importance to maintain proper renal function. Recently, dysfunction in energy metabolism, resulting from an imbalance in oxygen levels in the diabetic condition, may be the primary pathophysiologic pathway driving DKD. Therefore, we aim to shed light on the pivotal role of oxidative stress related to lipotoxicity and renal hypoxia in the initiation and progression of DKD. Multifaceted mechanisms underlying lipotoxicity, including oxidative stress with mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress activated by the unfolded protein response pathway, pro-inflammation, and impaired autophagy, are delineated here. Also, we explore potential therapeutic interventions for DKD, targeting lipotoxicity- and hypoxia-induced oxidative stress. These interventions focus on ameliorating the molecular pathways of lipid accumulation within the kidney and enhancing renal metabolism in the face of lipid overload or ameliorating subsequent oxidative stress. This review highlights the significance of lipotoxicity, renal hypoxia-induced oxidative stress, and its potential for therapeutic intervention in DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Yun Chae
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.C.); (Y.K.)
| | - Yaeni Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.C.); (Y.K.)
| | - Cheol Whee Park
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.C.); (Y.K.)
- Institute for Aging and Metabolic Disease, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
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Liu Y, Zhang L, Zhang S, Liu J, Li X, Yang K, Yang D, Liu Y, Sun L, Liu F, Xiao L. ATF5 regulates tubulointerstitial injury in diabetic kidney disease via mitochondrial unfolded protein response. Mol Med 2023; 29:57. [PMID: 37095454 PMCID: PMC10127323 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00651-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial quality control (MQC) plays a critical role in the progression of tubulointerstitial injury in diabetic kidney disease (DKD). The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt), which is an important MQC process, is activated to maintain mitochondrial protein homeostasis in response to mitochondrial stress. Activating transcription factor 5 (ATF5) is critical in the mammalian UPRmt via mitochondria-nuclear translocation. However, the role of ATF5 and UPRmt in tubular injury under DKD conditions is unknown. METHODS ATF5 and UPRmt-related proteins including heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) and Lon peptidase 1 (LONP1), in DKD patients and db/db mice were examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and western blot analysis. Eight-week-old db/db mice were injected with ATF5-shRNA lentiviruses via the tail vein, and a negative lentivirus was used as a control. The mice were euthanized at 12 weeks, and dihydroethidium (DHE) and TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assays were performed to evaluate reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and apoptosis in kidney sections, respectively. In vitro, ATF5-siRNA, ATF5 overexpression plasmids or HSP60-siRNA were transfected into HK-2 cells to evaluate the effect of ATF5 and HSP60 on tubular injury under ambient hyperglycemic conditions. Mitochondrial superoxide (MitoSOX) staining was used to gauge mitochondrial oxidative stress levels, and the early stage of cell apoptosis was examined by Annexin V-FITC kits. RESULTS Increased ATF5, HSP60 and LONP1 expression was observed in the kidney tissue of DKD patients and db/db mice and was tightly correlated with tubular damage. The inhibition of HSP60 and LONP1, improvements in serum creatinine, tubulointerstitial fibrosis and apoptosis were observed in db/db mice treated with lentiviruses carrying ATF5 shRNA. In vitro, the expression of ATF5 was increased in HK-2 cells exposed to high glucose (HG) in a time-dependent manner, which was accompanied by the overexpression of HSP60, fibronectin (FN) and cleaved-caspase3 (C-CAS3). ATF5-siRNA transfection inhibited the expression of HSP60 and LONP1, which was accompanied by reduced oxidative stress and apoptosis in HK-2 cells exposed to sustained exogenous high glucose. ATF5 overexpression exacerbated these impairments. HSP60-siRNA transfection blocked the effect of ATF5 on HK-2 cells exposed to continuous HG treatment. Interestingly, ATF5 inhibition exacerbated mitochondrial ROS levels and apoptosis in HK-2 cells in the early period of HG intervention (6 h). CONCLUSIONS ATF5 could exert a protective effect in a very early stage but promoted tubulointerstitial injury by regulating HSP60 and the UPRmt pathway under DKD conditions, providing a potential target for the prevention of DKD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Shumin Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Jialu Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Kexin Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Danyi Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Fuyou Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Li Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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10
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Liu J, Duan G, Yang W, Zhang S, Liu F, Peng Y, Sun L, Liu Y, Xiao L. Identification of transcription factors related to diabetic tubulointerstitial injury. J Transl Med 2023; 21:228. [PMID: 36978091 PMCID: PMC10053902 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04069-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a main cause of chronic renal failure. Despite decades of extensive study, the molecular mechanisms underlying diabetic tubulointerstitial injury remain unclear. We aim to identify key transcription factor genes involved in diabetic tubulointerstitial injury. METHODS A microarray dataset (GSE30122) from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) was downloaded. A total of 38 transcription factor genes based on 166 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by UCSC_TFBS. RESULTS The regulatory network showed connections between the top 10 transcription factors and their target DEGs. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis of targeted DEGs indicated that extracellular space, extracellular exosome, cell surface and complement and coagulation cascades were most significantly enriched. Utilizing Nephroseq v5 online platform, the mRNA expression pattern analysis of transcription factor genes demonstrated that mRNA expression of CDC5, CEBPA, FAC1, HFH1, IRF1, NFE2 and TGIF1 increased in renal tubulointerstitium of DN patients compared with normal controls while that of CEBPB and FOXO4 decreased in renal tubulointerstitium of DN patients compared with normal controls. Correlation analysis between mRNA expression of transcription factor genes in renal tubulointerstitium and clinical features showed that AP1, BACH1, CDC5, FAC1, FOXD1, FOXJ2, FOXO1, FOXO4, HFH1, IRF1, POU3F2, SOX5, SOX9, RSRFC4, S8 and TGIF1 may be related to diabetic tubulointerstitial injury. CONCLUSIONS (1) CDC5, FAC1, FOXO4, HFH1, IRF1 and TGIF1 may be key transcription factor genes. (2)Transcription factors involved in diabetic tubulointerstitial injury may become prospective targets for diagnosis and treatment of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialu Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Guangzhong Duan
- Hunan Communication Polytechnic, Changsha, 410132, Hunan, China
| | - Wenxia Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Shumin Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Fuyou Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Youming Peng
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Li Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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11
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Chattaraj B, Khanal P, Nandi A, Das A, Sharma A, Mitra S, Dey YN. Network pharmacology and molecular modelling study of Enhydra fluctuans for the prediction of the molecular mechanisms involved in the amelioration of nephrolithiasis. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:15400-15410. [PMID: 36914227 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2189476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
In view of the ethno medicinal use of Enhydra fluctuans for the treatment of kidney stones; the present study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in the amelioration of nephrolithiasis through a network pharmacology approach. The phytoconstituents were queried in DIGEP-Pred to identify the regulated proteins. The modulated proteins were then enriched in the STRING to predict the protein-protein interactions and the probably regulated pathways were traced in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes. Further, the network was constructed using Cytoscape ver 3.5.1. Results showed that β-carotene was found to be regulating maximum targets i.e. 26. In addition, 63 proteins were triggered by the components in which the vitamin D receptor was targeted by the maximum phytoconstituents i.e. 16. The enrichment analysis identified the regulation of 67 pathways in which fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis-associated pathways (KEGG entry hsa05418) regulated ten genes. Further, protein kinase C-α was traced in 23 different pathways. In addition, the majority of the regulated genes were identified from the extracellular space via the modulation of 43 genes. Also, nuclear receptor activity had the maximum molecular function via the regulation of 7 genes. Likewise, the response to organic substance was predicted to trigger the top genes i.e. 43. In contrast, Stigmasterol, Baicalein-7-o-glucoside, and Kauran-16-ol were found to have a high affinity to bind with the VDR receptor confirmed by the molecular modelling and the dynamics. Hence, the study elucidated the probable molecular mechanisms of E. fluctuans in managing nephrolithiasis and identified the lead molecules, their targets, and possible pathways.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bornika Chattaraj
- Department of Pharmacology, Dr. B. C. Roy College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Sciences, Durgapur, West Bengal, India
| | - Pukar Khanal
- Department of Pharmacology, Nitte Gulabi Shetty Memorial Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (NGSMIPS), NITTE University, Mangalore, India
| | - Arijit Nandi
- Department of Pharmacology, Dr. B. C. Roy College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Sciences, Durgapur, West Bengal, India
| | - Anwesha Das
- Department of Pharmacy, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Anuppur, India
| | - Amit Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Soumya Mitra
- Department of Pharmacology, Dr. B. C. Roy College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Sciences, Durgapur, West Bengal, India
| | - Yadu Nandan Dey
- Department of Pharmacology, Dr. B. C. Roy College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Sciences, Durgapur, West Bengal, India
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12
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Liu B, Zhang L, Yang H, Chen X, Zheng H, Liao X. SIK2 protects against renal tubular injury and the progression of diabetic kidney disease. Transl Res 2023; 253:16-30. [PMID: 36075517 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2022.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Despite optimal medical therapy, many patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) progress to end-stage renal disease. The identification of new biomarkers and drug targets for DKD is required for the development of more effective therapies. The apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells is a key feature of the pathogenicity associated with DKD. SIK2, a salt-inducible kinase, regulates important biological processes, such as energy metabolism, cell cycle progression and cellular apoptosis. In our current study, a notable decrease in the expression of SIK2 was detected in the renal tubules of DKD patients and murine models. Functional experiments demonstrated that deficiency or inactivity of SIK2 aggravates tubular injury and interstitial fibrosis in diabetic mice. Based on transcriptome sequencing, molecular mechanism exploration revealed that SIK2 overexpression reduces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated tubular epithelial apoptosis by inhibiting the histone acetyltransferase activity of p300 to activate HSF1/Hsp70. Furthermore, the specific restoration of SIK2 in tubules blunts tubular and interstitial impairments in diabetic and vancomycin-induced kidney disease mice. Together, these findings indicate that SIK2 protects against renal tubular injury and the progression of kidney disease, and make a compelling case for targeting SIK2 for therapy in DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyao Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Chongqing Education Commission Key Laboratory of Diabetic Translational Research, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Chongqing Education Commission Key Laboratory of Diabetic Translational Research, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hang Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Chongqing Education Commission Key Laboratory of Diabetic Translational Research, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinyu Chen
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongting Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Chongqing Education Commission Key Laboratory of Diabetic Translational Research, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Liao
- Department of Endocrinology, Chongqing Education Commission Key Laboratory of Diabetic Translational Research, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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13
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Zhang Z, Huang Q, Zhao D, Lian F, Li X, Qi W. The impact of oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction on diabetic microvascular complications. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1112363. [PMID: 36824356 PMCID: PMC9941188 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1112363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia, with absolute insulin deficiency or insulin resistance as the main cause, and causes damage to various target organs including the heart, kidney and neurovascular. In terms of the pathological and physiological mechanisms of DM, oxidative stress is one of the main mechanisms leading to DM and is an important link between DM and its complications. Oxidative stress is a pathological phenomenon resulting from an imbalance between the production of free radicals and the scavenging of antioxidant systems. The main site of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is the mitochondria, which are also the main organelles damaged. In a chronic high glucose environment, impaired electron transport chain within the mitochondria leads to the production of ROS, prompts increased proton leakage and altered mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), which in turn releases cytochrome c (cyt-c), leading to apoptosis. This subsequently leads to a vicious cycle of impaired clearance by the body's antioxidant system, impaired transcription and protein synthesis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), which is responsible for encoding mitochondrial proteins, and impaired DNA repair systems, contributing to mitochondrial dysfunction. This paper reviews the dysfunction of mitochondria in the environment of high glucose induced oxidative stress in the DM model, and looks forward to providing a new treatment plan for oxidative stress based on mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Qingxia Huang
- Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Daqing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Fengmei Lian
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Fengmei Lian, ; Xiangyan Li, ; Wenxiu Qi,
| | - Xiangyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Fengmei Lian, ; Xiangyan Li, ; Wenxiu Qi,
| | - Wenxiu Qi
- Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Fengmei Lian, ; Xiangyan Li, ; Wenxiu Qi,
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14
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Morevati M, Fang EF, Mace ML, Kanbay M, Gravesen E, Nordholm A, Egstrand S, Hornum M. Roles of NAD + in Acute and Chronic Kidney Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010137. [PMID: 36613582 PMCID: PMC9820289 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (oxidized form, NAD+) is a critical coenzyme, with functions ranging from redox reactions and energy metabolism in mitochondrial respiration and oxidative phosphorylation to being a central player in multiple cellular signaling pathways, organ resilience, health, and longevity. Many of its cellular functions are executed via serving as a co-substrate for sirtuins (SIRTs), poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs), and CD38. Kidney damage and diseases are common in the general population, especially in elderly persons and diabetic patients. While NAD+ is reduced in acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD), mounting evidence indicates that NAD+ augmentation is beneficial to AKI, although conflicting results exist for cases of CKD. Here, we review recent progress in the field of NAD+, mainly focusing on compromised NAD+ levels in AKI and its effect on essential cellular pathways, such as mitochondrial dysfunction, compromised autophagy, and low expression of the aging biomarker αKlotho (Klotho) in the kidney. We also review the compromised NAD+ levels in renal fibrosis and senescence cells in the case of CKD. As there is an urgent need for more effective treatments for patients with injured kidneys, further studies on NAD+ in relation to AKI/CKD may shed light on novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marya Morevati
- Department of Nephrology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Correspondence:
| | - Evandro Fei Fang
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo and Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Maria L. Mace
- Department of Nephrology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mehmet Kanbay
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul 34010, Turkey
| | - Eva Gravesen
- Department of Pathology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2730 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Nordholm
- Department of Nephrology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Egstrand
- Department of Nephrology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads Hornum
- Department of Nephrology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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15
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Emerging Protective Actions of PGC-1α in Diabetic Nephropathy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:6580195. [PMID: 36262282 PMCID: PMC9576408 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6580195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Renal impairment is affected by various mechanisms of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and basement membrane thickening, which are the major causes of renal dysfunction in diabetes. Of note, hyperglycemia-induced mitochondrial dysfunction has been identified as a common cause of diabetic nephropathy and renal impairment, and the decrease in PGC-1α expression brought on by hyperglycemia plays an immensurable role in both the reduction of mitochondrial biogenesis and the rise in oxidative stress. Reduced PGC-1α expression levels may occur with rising SGLT2-dependent increase of cytoplasmic sodium and protons in the renal cells of diabetes, even if the precise mechanism of hyperglycemia-induced disruption of PGC-1α expression has not been identified. Additionally, it has been observed that SGLT2 inhibitors enhance PGC-1α expression and activity and decrease cytoplasmic sodium and protons in many kidney cells, which may be helpful in reducing renal impairment brought on by diabetes. This review summarizes our and other recent studies on the function of PGC-1α in diabetic nephropathy, provides another potential mediator of the lower PGC-1α expression levels brought on by hyperglycemia in diabetics, and identifies a new pathogenesis of diabetes-related renal impairment. It also explains the mechanism underlying the protective effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on diabetic nephropathy. Therefore, it should be taken into account that SGLT2 inhibitors are an effective therapeutic strategy for reducing renal dysfunction caused by diabetes.
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16
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Tubular Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Oxidative Stress, and Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071356. [PMID: 35883847 PMCID: PMC9311633 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are interconnected conditions, and CKD is projected to become the fifth leading global cause of death by 2040. New therapeutic approaches are needed. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress have emerged as drivers of kidney injury in acute and chronic settings, promoting the AKI-to-CKD transition. In this work, we review the role of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in AKI and CKD progression and discuss novel therapeutic approaches. Specifically, evidence for mitochondrial dysfunction in diverse models of AKI (nephrotoxicity, cytokine storm, and ischemia-reperfusion injury) and CKD (diabetic kidney disease, glomerulopathies) is discussed; the clinical implications of novel information on the key role of mitochondria-related transcriptional regulators peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha, transcription factor EB (PGC-1α, TFEB), and carnitine palmitoyl-transferase 1A (CPT1A) in kidney disease are addressed; the current status of the clinical development of therapeutic approaches targeting mitochondria are updated; and barriers to the clinical development of mitochondria-targeted interventions are discussed, including the lack of clinical diagnostic tests that allow us to categorize the baseline renal mitochondrial dysfunction/mitochondrial oxidative stress and to monitor its response to therapeutic intervention. Finally, key milestones for further research are proposed.
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17
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Wang Z, Chang Y, Liu Y, Liu B, Zhen J, Li X, Lin J, Yu Q, Lv Z, Wang R. Inhibition of the lncRNA MIAT prevents podocyte injury and mitotic catastrophe in diabetic nephropathy. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 28:136-153. [PMID: 35402074 PMCID: PMC8956887 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Podocyte damage is strongly associated with the progression of diabetic nephropathy. Mitotic catastrophe plays an essential role in accelerating podocyte loss and detachment from the glomerular basement membrane. In the current study, we observed that the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) MIAT was noticeably upregulated in the plasma and kidney tissues of patients with diabetic nephropathy, and this upregulation was accompanied by higher albumin/creatinine ratios and serum creatinine levels. By generating CRISPR-Cas9 Miat-knockout (KO) mice in vivo and employing vectors in vitro, we found that the depletion of Miat expression significantly restored slit-diaphragm integrity, attenuated foot process effacement, prevented dedifferentiation, and suppressed mitotic catastrophe in podocytes during hyperglycemia. The mechanistic investigation revealed that Miat increased Sox4 expression and subsequently regulated p53 ubiquitination and acetylation, thereby inhibiting the downstream factors CyclinB/cdc2 by enhancing p21cip1/waf1 activity, and that Miat interacted with Sox4 by sponging miR-130b-3p. Additionally, the inhibition of miR-130b-3p with an antagomir in vivo effectively enhanced glomerular podocyte injury and mitotic dysfunction, eventually exacerbating proteinuria. Based on these findings, MIAT may represent a therapeutic target for diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Ying Chang
- Department of Geriatrics, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China.,Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250117, China
| | - Junhui Zhen
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Xiaobing Li
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250062, China
| | - Jiangong Lin
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China.,Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250117, China
| | - Qun Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Zhimei Lv
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China.,Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250117, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China.,Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250117, China
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18
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Huang X, Guo X, Yan G, Zhang Y, Yao Y, Qiao Y, Wang D, Chen G, Zhang W, Tang C, Cao F. Dapagliflozin Attenuates Contrast-induced Acute Kidney Injury by Regulating the HIF-1α/HE4/NF-κB Pathway. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2022; 79:904-913. [PMID: 35383661 PMCID: PMC9162274 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) causes clinically acquired nephropathy in patients who undergo coronary interventions. Hypoxic injury to proximal tubular epithelial cells is a pathological mechanism of CI-AKI. Previous studies have shown that hypoxia activates HIF-1α/HE4/NF-κB to enhance renal fibrosis, and the SGLT-2 inhibitor luseogliflozin inhibits hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α expression to reduce the progression of diabetic nephropathy. However, the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of SGLT-2 inhibitors on CI-AKI are unclear. We explored the role of the HIF-1α/HE4/NF-κB pathway in CI-AKI and how dapagliflozin effectively treats CI-AKI by inhibiting this pathway. In vitro, cells were divided into the control, hypoxia, hypoxia + dapagliflozin, and hypoxia + pSilencer-HIF-1α groups. Cellular hypoxia, apoptosis, and related protein expression were evaluated by immunofluorescence, western blotting, and flow cytometry, respectively. Dapagliflozin significantly decreased oxygen consumption, HIF-1α, human epididymis protein 4 (HE4), NF-κB expression, and apoptotic cells compared with the control (P < 0.01). In vivo, rats were divided into the control (C), diabetes (D), diabetes + contrast media, and diabetes + contrast media + dapagliflozin groups. Rats in the latter 2 groups were treated with dapagliflozin for 2 days. CI-AKI was induced by intravenously injecting indomethacin, N-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester, and iohexol. The effects of dapagliflozin on CI-AKI rats were elucidated by assessing renal function, H&E staining, and immunohistochemistry. Serum creatinine, urea nitrogen, TUNEL-positive tubular cells, HIF-1α, HE4, NF-κB expression, and histopathological scores were increased in diabetes + contrast media rats compared with C, D, and diabetes + dapagliflozin + contrast media rats (P < 0.01). Thus, dapagliflozin may ameliorate CI-AKI through suppression of HIF-1α/HE4/NF-κB signaling in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxu Guo
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China;
| | - Gaoliang Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, 2nd Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; and
| | - Yuyu Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Qiao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Gecai Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangsu Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, 2nd Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; and
| | - Chengchun Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Cao
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, 2nd Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; and
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19
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Wang A, Li Z, Zhuo S, Gao F, Zhang H, Zhang Z, Ren G, Ma X. Mechanisms of Cardiorenal Protection With SGLT2 Inhibitors in Patients With T2DM Based on Network Pharmacology. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:857952. [PMID: 35677689 PMCID: PMC9169967 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.857952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have cardiorenal protective effects regardless of whether they are combined with type 2 diabetes mellitus, but their specific pharmacological mechanisms remain undetermined. Materials and Methods We used databases to obtain information on the disease targets of “Chronic Kidney Disease,” “Heart Failure,” and “Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus” as well as the targets of SGLT2 inhibitors. After screening the common targets, we used Cytoscape 3.8.2 software to construct SGLT2 inhibitors' regulatory network and protein-protein interaction network. The clusterProfiler R package was used to perform gene ontology functional analysis and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway enrichment analyses on the target genes. Molecular docking was utilized to verify the relationship between SGLT2 inhibitors and core targets. Results Seven different SGLT2 inhibitors were found to have cardiorenal protective effects on 146 targets. The main mechanisms of action may be associated with lipid and atherosclerosis, MAPK signaling pathway, Rap1 signaling pathway, endocrine resistance, fluid shear stress, atherosclerosis, TNF signaling pathway, relaxin signaling pathway, neurotrophin signaling pathway, and AGEs-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications were related. Docking of SGLT2 inhibitors with key targets such as GAPDH, MAPK3, MMP9, MAPK1, and NRAS revealed that these compounds bind to proteins spontaneously. Conclusion Based on pharmacological networks, this study elucidates the potential mechanisms of action of SGLT2 inhibitors from a systemic and holistic perspective. These key targets and pathways will provide new ideas for future studies on the pharmacological mechanisms of cardiorenal protection by SGLT2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anzhu Wang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhendong Li
- Qingdao West Coast New Area People's Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Sun Zhuo
- Qingdao West Coast New Area People's Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhibo Zhang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Gaocan Ren
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaochang Ma
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaochang Ma
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20
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Huang Q, Chen H, Yin K, Shen Y, Lin K, Guo X, Zhang X, Wang N, Xin W, Xu Y, Gui D. Formononetin Attenuates Renal Tubular Injury and Mitochondrial Damage in Diabetic Nephropathy Partly via Regulating Sirt1/PGC-1α Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:901234. [PMID: 35645821 PMCID: PMC9133725 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.901234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial abnormality is one of the main factors of tubular injury in diabetic nephropathy (DN). Formononetin (FMN), a novel isoflavonoid isolated from Astragalus membranaceus, has diverse pharmacological activities. However, the beneficial effects of FMN on renal tubular impairment and mitochondrial dysfunction in DN have yet to be studied. In this study, we performed in vivo tests in Streptozotocin (STZ) -induced diabetic rats to explore the therapeutic effects of FMN on DN. We demonstrated that FMN could ameliorate albuminuria and renal histopathology. FMN attenuated renal tubular cells apoptosis, mitochondrial fragmentation and restored expression of mitochondrial dynamics-associated proteins, such as Drp1, Fis1 and Mfn2, as well as apoptosis-related proteins, such as Bax, Bcl-2 and cleaved-caspase-3. Moreover, FMN upregulated the protein expression of Sirt1 and PGC-1α in diabetic kidneys. In vitro studies further demonstrated that FMN could inhibit high glucose-induced apoptosis of HK-2 cells. FMN also reduced the production of mitochondrial superoxide and alleviated mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) loss. Furthermore, FMN partially restored the protein expression of Drp1, Fis1 and Mfn2, Bax, Bcl-2, cleaved-caspase-3, Sirt1 and PGC-1α in HK-2 cells exposure to high glucose. In conclusion, FMN could attenuate renal tubular injury and mitochondrial damage in DN partly by regulating Sirt1/PGC-1α pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunwei Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongbo Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China
| | - Kai Yin
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guilin, China
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Disorders, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Yilan Shen
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Kanghong Lin
- Graduate School of Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Xieyi Guo
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China
| | - Niansong Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenfeng Xin
- College of Notoginseng Medicine and Pharmacy of Wenshan University, Wenshan, China
- *Correspondence: Wenfeng Xin, ; Youhua Xu, Dingkun Gui,
| | - Youhua Xu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, China
- *Correspondence: Wenfeng Xin, ; Youhua Xu, Dingkun Gui,
| | - Dingkun Gui
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Wenfeng Xin, ; Youhua Xu, Dingkun Gui,
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21
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Shi S, Zhang B, Li Y, Xu X, Lv J, Jia Q, Chai R, Xue W, Li Y, Wang Y, Wu H, Song Q, Hu Y. Mitochondrial Dysfunction: An Emerging Link in the Pathophysiology of Cardiorenal Syndrome. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:837270. [PMID: 35282359 PMCID: PMC8914047 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.837270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The crosstalk between the heart and kidney is carried out through various bidirectional pathways. Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is a pathological condition in which acute or chronic dysfunction in the heart or kidneys induces acute or chronic dysfunction of the other organ. Complex hemodynamic factors and biochemical and hormonal pathways contribute to the development of CRS. In addition to playing a critical role in generating metabolic energy in eukaryotic cells and serving as signaling hubs during several vital processes, mitochondria rapidly sense and respond to a wide range of stress stimuli in the external environment. Impaired adaptive responses ultimately lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, inducing cell death and tissue damage. Subsequently, these changes result in organ failure and trigger a vicious cycle. In vitro and animal studies have identified an important role of mitochondrial dysfunction in heart failure (HF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis may be a promising therapeutic strategy to interrupt the vicious cycle between HF and acute kidney injury (AKI)/CKD. In this review, we hypothesize that mitochondrial dysfunction may also play a central role in the development and progression of CRS. We first focus on the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathophysiology of HF and AKI/CKD, then discuss the current research evidence supporting that mitochondrial dysfunction is involved in various types of CRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqing Shi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bingxuan Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yumeng Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Xu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayu Lv
- Department of Internal Medicine, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiulei Jia
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ruoning Chai
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjing Xue
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Reproductive and Genetic Center, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yajiao Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huaqin Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Huaqin Wu
| | - Qingqiao Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Qingqiao Song
| | - Yuanhui Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Yuanhui Hu
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22
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Mitochondrial Pathophysiology on Chronic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031776. [PMID: 35163697 PMCID: PMC8836100 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In healthy kidneys, interstitial fibroblasts are responsible for the maintenance of renal architecture. Progressive interstitial fibrosis is thought to be a common pathway for chronic kidney diseases (CKD). Diabetes is one of the boosters of CKD. There is no effective treatment to improve kidney function in CKD patients. The kidney is a highly demanding organ, rich in redox reactions occurring in mitochondria, making it particularly vulnerable to oxidative stress (OS). A dysregulation in OS leads to an impairment of the Electron transport chain (ETC). Gene deficiencies in the ETC are closely related to the development of kidney disease, providing evidence that mitochondria integrity is a key player in the early detection of CKD. The development of novel CKD therapies is needed since current methods of treatment are ineffective. Antioxidant targeted therapies and metabolic approaches revealed promising results to delay the progression of some markers associated with kidney disease. Herein, we discuss the role and possible origin of fibroblasts and the possible potentiators of CKD. We will focus on the important features of mitochondria in renal cell function and discuss their role in kidney disease progression. We also discuss the potential of antioxidants and pharmacologic agents to delay kidney disease progression.
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23
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Narongkiatikhun P, Chattipakorn SC, Chattipakorn N. Mitochondrial dynamics and diabetic kidney disease: Missing pieces for the puzzle of therapeutic approaches. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 26:249-273. [PMID: 34889040 PMCID: PMC8743650 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a common microvascular complication among diabetic patients. Once the DKD has developed, most of the patients inevitably progress to the end‐stage renal disease (ESRD). Although many new therapeutic strategies have attempted to demolish the root of the pathogenesis of DKD, the residual risks of ESRD still remained. Alteration of mitochondrial dynamics towards mitochondrial fission concurrent with the mitochondrial dysfunction is the characteristic that is usually seen in various diseases, including DKD. It has been proposed that those perturbation and their cooperative networks could be responsible for the residual risk of ESRD in DKD patients. In this review, the collective evidence of alteration in mitochondrial dynamics and their associations with the mitochondrial function from in vitro, in vivo and clinical reports of DKD are comprehensively summarized and discussed. In addition, both basic and clinical reports regarding the pharmacological interventions that showed an impact on the mitochondrial dynamics, and the correlation with the renal parameters in DKD is presented. Understanding these complex mechanisms in combination with the existing therapeutic modalities could bring a new opportunity to overcome the unresolvable problem of DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoom Narongkiatikhun
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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24
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Ahmad AA, Draves SO, Rosca M. Mitochondria in Diabetic Kidney Disease. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112945. [PMID: 34831168 PMCID: PMC8616075 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the leading cause of end stage renal disease (ESRD) in the USA. The pathogenesis of DKD is multifactorial and involves activation of multiple signaling pathways with merging outcomes including thickening of the basement membrane, podocyte loss, mesangial expansion, tubular atrophy, and interstitial inflammation and fibrosis. The glomerulo-tubular balance and tubule-glomerular feedback support an increased glomerular filtration and tubular reabsorption, with the latter relying heavily on ATP and increasing the energy demand. There is evidence that alterations in mitochondrial bioenergetics in kidney cells lead to these pathologic changes and contribute to the progression of DKD towards ESRD. This review will focus on the dialogue between alterations in bioenergetics in glomerular and tubular cells and its role in the development of DKD. Alterations in energy substrate selection, electron transport chain, ATP generation, oxidative stress, redox status, protein posttranslational modifications, mitochondrial dynamics, and quality control will be discussed. Understanding the role of bioenergetics in the progression of diabetic DKD may provide novel therapeutic approaches to delay its progression to ESRD.
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25
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Zhang X, Agborbesong E, Li X. The Role of Mitochondria in Acute Kidney Injury and Chronic Kidney Disease and Its Therapeutic Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011253. [PMID: 34681922 PMCID: PMC8537003 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are heterogeneous and highly dynamic organelles, playing critical roles in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis, metabolic modulation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and cell differentiation and death. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been recognized as a contributor in many diseases. The kidney is an organ enriched in mitochondria and with high energy demand in the human body. Recent studies have been focusing on how mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to the pathogenesis of different forms of kidney diseases, including acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). AKI has been linked to an increased risk of developing CKD. AKI and CKD have a broad clinical syndrome and a substantial impact on morbidity and mortality, encompassing various etiologies and representing important challenges for global public health. Renal mitochondrial disorders are a common feature of diverse forms of AKI and CKD, which result from defects in mitochondrial structure, dynamics, and biogenesis as well as crosstalk of mitochondria with other organelles. Persistent dysregulation of mitochondrial homeostasis in AKI and CKD affects diverse cellular pathways, leading to an increase in renal microvascular loss, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and eventually renal failure. It is important to understand the cellular and molecular events that govern mitochondria functions and pathophysiology in AKI and CKD, which should facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies. This review provides an overview of the molecular insights of the mitochondria and the specific pathogenic mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction in the progression of AKI, CKD, and AKI to CKD transition. We also discuss the possible beneficial effects of mitochondrial-targeted therapeutic agents for the treatment of mitochondrial dysfunction-mediated AKI and CKD, which may translate into therapeutic options to ameliorate renal injury and delay the progression of these kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (X.Z.); (E.A.)
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Ewud Agborbesong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (X.Z.); (E.A.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Xiaogang Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (X.Z.); (E.A.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +507-266-0110
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26
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Han YC, Tang SQ, Liu YT, Li AM, Zhan M, Yang M, Song N, Zhang W, Wu XQ, Peng CH, Zhang H, Yang S. AMPK agonist alleviate renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis via activating mitophagy in high fat and streptozotocin induced diabetic mice. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:925. [PMID: 34628484 PMCID: PMC8502176 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04184-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis was a crucial pathological feature of diabetic nephropathy (DN), and renal tubular injury might associate with abnormal mitophagy. In this study, we investigated the effects and molecular mechanisms of AMPK agonist metformin on mitophagy and cellular injury in renal tubular cell under diabetic condition. The high fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 2 diabetic mice model and HK-2 cells were used in this study. Metformin was administered in the drinking water (200 mg/kg/d) for 24 weeks. Renal tubulointerstitial lesions, oxidative stress and some indicators of mitophagy (e.g., LC3II, Pink1, and Parkin) were examined both in renal tissue and HK-2 cells. Additionally, compound C (an AMPK inhibitor) and Pink1 siRNA were applied to explore the molecular regulation mechanism of metformin on mitophagy. We found that the expression of p-AMPK, Pink1, Parkin, LC3II, and Atg5 in renal tissue of diabetic mice was decreased obviously. Metformin reduced the levels of serum creatinine, urine protein, and attenuated renal oxidative injury and fibrosis in HFD/STZ induced diabetic mice. In addition, Metformin reversed mitophagy dysfunction and the over-expression of NLRP3. In vitro pretreatment of HK-2 cells with AMPK inhibitor compound C or Pink1 siRNA negated the beneficial effects of metformin. Furthermore, we noted that metformin activated p-AMPK and promoted the translocation of Pink1 from the cytoplasm to mitochondria, then promoted the occurrence of mitophagy in HK-2 cells under HG/HFA ambience. Our results suggested for the first time that AMPK agonist metformin ameliorated renal oxidative stress and tubulointerstitial fibrosis in HFD/STZ-induced diabetic mice via activating mitophagy through a p-AMPK-Pink1-Parkin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Chun Han
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Institute of Kidney Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shi-Qi Tang
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yu-Ting Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ai-Mei Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ming Zhan
- International Medicine Department, Ningbo First Hospital, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Institute of Kidney Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Na Song
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xue-Qin Wu
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Can-Hui Peng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shikun Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Zhao SJ, Jia H, Xu XL, Bu WB, Zhang Q, Chen X, Ji J, Sun JF. Identification of the Role of Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway Through Integrated Analyses and in vivo Experiments in Vitiligo. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2021; 14:1089-1103. [PMID: 34511958 PMCID: PMC8423189 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s319061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Vitiligo is an acquired depigmentation skin disease, which affects an average of 1% of the world’s population. The purpose of this study is to identify the key genes and pathways responsible for vitiligo and find new therapeutic targets. Methods The datasets GSE65127, GSE53146, and GSE75819 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. R language was used to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between lesional skin of vitiligo and non-lesional skin. Next, the key pathways were obtained by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses. The protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks were conducted by STRING database and Cytoscape software. Subsequently, module analysis was performed by Cytoscape. Among these results, the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and melanogenesis pathway caught our attention. The expression level of β-catenin, microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) and tyrosinase (TYR) was detected by immunofluorescence in vitiligo lesions and healthy skin. Moreover, zebrafish was treated with XAV-939, an inhibitor of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. After that, the area of melanin granules as a percentage of the head area was measured. The mRNA expression of β-catenin, lymphoid-enhancing factor 1(lef1), tyr and mitf were detected by q-PCR (quantitative polymerase chain reaction) in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Results A total of 2442 DEGs were identified, including 1068 upregulated and 1374 downregulated DEGs. The key pathways were identified by GO and KEGG analyses, such as “NOD-like receptor signaling pathway”, “Wnt signaling pathway”, “Melanogenesis”, “mTOR signaling pathway”, “PI3K-Akt signaling pathway”, “Calcium signaling pathway” and “Rap1 signaling pathway”. The immunofluorescence results showed that the level of β-catenin, MITF and TYR was significantly downregulated in vitiligo lesional skin. In zebrafish, the mean percentage area of melanin granules and the expression of β-catenin, lef1, tyr and mitf were decreased after treated with XAV-939. Conclusion The present study identified key genes and signaling pathways associated with the pathophysiology of vitiligo. Among them, the Wnt/β-catenin pathway played an essential role in pigmentation and could be a breakthrough point in vitiligo treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Jia Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Jia
- Department of Dermatology, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu-Lian Xu
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Bo Bu
- Department of Dermatologic Surgery, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Dermatologic Surgery, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Medicine 3, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen Nuremberg, Erlangen, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Juan Ji
- Department of Dermatology, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Fang Sun
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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Li W, Zeng H, Xu M, Huang C, Tao L, Li J, Zhang T, Chen H, Xia J, Li C, Li X. Oleanolic Acid Improves Obesity-Related Inflammation and Insulin Resistance by Regulating Macrophages Activation. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:697483. [PMID: 34393781 PMCID: PMC8361479 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.697483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The chronic low-grade inflammation of adipose tissues, primarily mediated by adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs), is the key pathogenic link between obesity and metabolic disorders. Oleanolic acid (OA) is a natural triterpenoid possessing anti-diabetic and anti-inflammation effects, but the machinery is poorly understood. This study investigated the detailed mechanisms of OA on adipose tissue inflammation in obese mice. C57BL/6J mice were fed with high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks, then daily intragastric administrated with vehicle, 25 and 50 mg/kg OA for 4 weeks. Comparing with vehicle, OA administration in obese mice greatly improved insulin resistance, and reduced adipose tissue hypertrophy, ATM infiltration as well as the M1/M2 ratio. The pro-inflammatory markers were significantly down-regulated by OA in both adipose tissue of obese mice and RAW264.7 macrophages treated with interferon gamma/lipopolysaccharide (IFN-γ/LPS). Furthermore, it was found that OA suppressed activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling and NACHT, LRR, and PYD domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome through decreasing voltage dependent anion channels (VDAC) expression and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. This is the first report that oleanolic acid exerts its benefits by affecting mitochondrial function and macrophage activation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Chunli Li
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xi Li
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Sakashita M, Tanaka T, Inagi R. Metabolic Changes and Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Kidney Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1143. [PMID: 34356375 PMCID: PMC8301131 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a major cause of end-stage kidney disease, and it is crucial to understand the pathophysiology of DKD. The control of blood glucose levels by various glucose-lowering drugs, the common use of inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system, and the aging of patients with diabetes can alter the disease course of DKD. Moreover, metabolic changes and associated atherosclerosis play a major role in the etiology of DKD. The pathophysiology of DKD is largely attributed to the disruption of various cellular stress responses due to metabolic changes, especially an increase in oxidative stress. Therefore, many antioxidants have been studied as therapeutic agents. Recently, it has been found that NRF2, a master regulator of oxidative stress, plays a major role in the pathogenesis of DKD and bardoxolone methyl, an activator of NRF2, has attracted attention as a drug that increases the estimated glomerular filtration rate in patients with DKD. This review outlines the altered stress responses of cellular organelles in DKD, their involvement in the pathogenesis of DKD, and discusses strategies for developing therapeutic agents, especially bardoxolone methyl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Midori Sakashita
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan;
| | - Tetsuhiro Tanaka
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan;
| | - Reiko Inagi
- Division of CKD Pathophysiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan;
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30
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Tang C, Cai J, Yin XM, Weinberg JM, Venkatachalam MA, Dong Z. Mitochondrial quality control in kidney injury and repair. Nat Rev Nephrol 2021; 17:299-318. [PMID: 33235391 PMCID: PMC8958893 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-020-00369-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential for the activity, function and viability of eukaryotic cells and mitochondrial dysfunction is involved in the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease, as well as in abnormal kidney repair after AKI. Multiple quality control mechanisms, including antioxidant defence, protein quality control, mitochondrial DNA repair, mitochondrial dynamics, mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis, have evolved to preserve mitochondrial homeostasis under physiological and pathological conditions. Loss of these mechanisms may induce mitochondrial damage and dysfunction, leading to cell death, tissue injury and, potentially, organ failure. Accumulating evidence suggests a role of disturbances in mitochondrial quality control in the pathogenesis of AKI, incomplete or maladaptive kidney repair and chronic kidney disease. Moreover, specific interventions that target mitochondrial quality control mechanisms to preserve and restore mitochondrial function have emerged as promising therapeutic strategies to prevent and treat kidney injury and accelerate kidney repair. However, clinical translation of these findings is challenging owing to potential adverse effects, unclear mechanisms of action and a lack of knowledge of the specific roles and regulation of mitochondrial quality control mechanisms in kidney resident and circulating cell types during injury and repair of the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyuan Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Juan Cai
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Yin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Joel M. Weinberg
- Department of Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Manjeri A. Venkatachalam
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Zheng Dong
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA.,
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31
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Mavrogeorgis E, Mischak H, Beige J, Latosinska A, Siwy J. Understanding glomerular diseases through proteomics. Expert Rev Proteomics 2021; 18:137-157. [PMID: 33779448 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2021.1908893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic kidney disease is avery common and complex chronic disease. Uncovering the pathological patterns of CKD on the molecular level of bio-fluids and tissue appears to be both vital and promising for a more favorable outcome. We reviewed recently discovered proteomics biomarkers for CKD to provide new insight into disease pathology. AREAS COVERED We review the application of proteome analysis in the context of CKD with various etiologies within the last 5 years. Proteins and peptides associated with CKD as derived from multiple sources (urine, blood and tissue) are reported along with their various biological pathways. EXPERT OPINION A systematic and theoretical comprehension of the CKD pathology is essential for its successful management. The underlying complexity of the disease further requires specific conditions for reliable and interpretable results. In this context, clinical proteomics has resulted in first encouraging findings in CKD. A more complete understanding of the biological pathways related to the disease, based on the scope of a holistic proteomic approach, could improve substantially the management of CKD, especially when in conjunction with the current trend of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - H Mischak
- Mosaiques Diagnostics GmbH, Hannover, Germany.,Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - J Beige
- Division of Nephrology and KfH Renal Unit, Hospital St. Georg, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine 2 (Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology), Martin-Luther-University Halle, Wittenberg, Germany
| | | | - J Siwy
- Mosaiques Diagnostics GmbH, Hannover, Germany
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Zheng SS, He YM, Lu J. Noninvasive evaluation of diabetic patients with high fasting blood glucose using DWI and BOLD MRI. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2021; 46:1659-1669. [PMID: 32997155 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-020-02780-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the renal microstructure changes and hypoxia changes in type 2 diabetic patients and the relationship between them and glucose using both diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and blood oxygenation level-dependent magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD MRI). METHODS After measuring morning fasting blood glucose, DWI and BOLD MRI were performed in 57 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM group) and 14 healthy volunteers (NC group). According to the fasting blood glucose levels, diabetic patients were divided into a normoglycemic diabetes group (group A), a less hyperglycemic diabetes group (group B) and a more hyperglycemic diabetes group (group C). The renal parenchymal apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), renal cortical R2* (CR2*), and medullary R2* (MR2*) were measured, and the R2* ratio between the medulla and cortex (MCR) was calculated. To test for differences in ADC, R2*, and MCR among the four groups, the data were analyzed by separate one-way ANOVAs. The correlations between ADC, R2*, and MCR and the clinical index of renal function were analyzed. RESULTS Groups B and C had significantly lower ADC values in the renal parenchyma (P = 0.048, 0.002) and significantly higher MR2* and MCR values (P < 0.000, P = 0.001, 0.001, and 0.005, respectively) than the NC group. ADC was negatively correlated with glucose, and MR2*, MCR and glucose showed a weak positive correlation. CONCLUSION DWI and BOLD may indirectly and qualitatively reflect the kidney microstructure status and hypoxia level of diabetic patients at different blood glucose levels to a certain extent, and possibly guide the clinical treatment of diabetic patients with different blood glucose levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang-Shuang Zheng
- Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
- Department of Radiology, Fuxing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Yue-Ming He
- Department of Radiology, Fuxing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Brain Informatics, Beijing, 100053, China.
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A Network Pharmacology-Based Approach for Exploring Key Active Compounds and Pharmacological Mechanisms of Tangshen Formula for Treatment of Diabetic Nephropathy. J Diabetes Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/8833688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the common and severe microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus (DM). The occurrence and development of DN are related to multiple factors in the human body, which makes DN a complex disease, and the pathogeneses of DN have not yet been fully illustrated. Furthermore, DN lacks effective drugs for treatment nowadays. Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) often shows the feature of multicomponents, multitargets, multipathways, and synergistic effects and shows a promising source of new therapeutic drugs for DN. As a CHM, Tangshen Formula (TSF) was used to treat DN patients in China. However, its bioactive compounds and holistic pharmacological mechanisms on DN are both unclear. A network pharmacology approach was firstly applied to explore multiple active compounds and multiple key pharmacological mechanisms for TSF treating DN by drug-targeted interaction databases, herb-compound-target network, protein-protein interaction network, compound-target-pathway network, and analysis methods. And the results showed that TSF have the characteristic of multicomponents, multitargets, multipathways, and synergistic effects for treating DN. The quercetin, naringenin, kaempferol, and isorhamnetin as key active compounds and the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), focal adhesion, rap1 signaling pathway, T cell receptor signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, and insulin resistance as the key molecular mechanisms play important roles in TSF treating DN. Moreover, quercetin, naringenin, kaempferol, and isorhamnetin were successfully detected in TSF by the UHPLC-MS/MS analysis method. And their concentrations were 0.224, 8.295, 0.0564, and 0.0879 mg·kg-1, respectively. The present findings not only provide new insights for a deeper understanding of the constituent basis and pharmacology of TSF but also provide guidance for further pharmacological studies on TSF.
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Dusabimana T, Kim SR, Park EJ, Je J, Jeong K, Yun SP, Kim HJ, Kim H, Park SW. P2Y2R contributes to the development of diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting autophagy response. Mol Metab 2020; 42:101089. [PMID: 32987187 PMCID: PMC7568185 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most common complications of diabetes and a critical risk factor for developing end-stage renal disease. Activation of purinergic receptors, including P2Y2R has been associated with the pathogenesis of renal diseases, such as polycystic kidney and glomerulonephritis. However, the role of P2Y2R and its precise mechanisms in DN remain unknown. We hypothesised that P2Y2R deficiency may play a protective role in DN by modulating the autophagy signalling pathway. METHODS We used a mouse model of DN by combining a treatment of high-fat diet and streptozotocin after unilateral nephrectomy in wild-type or P2Y2R knockout mice. We measured renal functional parameter in plasma, examined renal histology, and analysed expression of autophagy regulatory proteins. RESULTS Hyperglycaemia and ATP release were induced in wild type-DN mice and positively correlated with renal dysfunction. Conversely, P2Y2R knockout markedly attenuates albuminuria, podocyte loss, development of glomerulopathy, renal tubular injury, apoptosis and interstitial fibrosis induced by DN. These protective effects were associated with inhibition of AKT-mediated FOXO3a (forkhead box O3a) phosphorylation and induction of FOXO3a-induced autophagy gene transcription. Furthermore, inhibitory phosphorylation of ULK-1 was decreased, and the downstream Beclin-1 autophagy signalling was activated in P2Y2R deficiency. Increased SIRT-1 (sirtuin-1) and FOXO3a expression in P2Y2R deficiency also enhanced autophagy response, thereby ameliorating renal dysfunction in DN. CONCLUSIONS P2Y2R contributes to the pathogenesis of DN by impairing autophagy and serves as a therapeutic target for treating DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodomir Dusabimana
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea; Department of Convergence Medical Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Graduate School, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - So Ra Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jung Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyun Je
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuho Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Pil Yun
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea; Department of Convergence Medical Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Graduate School, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea; Department of Convergence Medical Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Graduate School, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwajin Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang Won Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea; Department of Convergence Medical Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Graduate School, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea.
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Xue M, Sun H, Xu R, Wang Y, Guo J, Li X, Cheng Y, Xu C, Tang C, Sun B, Chen L. GADD45B Promotes Glucose-Induced Renal Tubular Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Apoptosis via the p38 MAPK and JNK Signaling Pathways. Front Physiol 2020; 11:1074. [PMID: 33013461 PMCID: PMC7508261 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.01074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible beta (GADD45B) is closely linked with cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, cell survival, or apoptosis in response to stress and is known to regulate the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Here, using an RNA sequencing approach, we determined that GADD45B was significantly upregulated in diabetic kidneys, which was accompanied by renal tubular epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and apoptosis, as well as elevated MAPK pathway activation. In vitro, GADD45B expression in cultured human kidney proximal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2 cells) was also stimulated by high glucose (HG). In addition, overexpression of GADD45B in HK-2 cells exacerbated renal tubular EMT and apoptosis and increased p38 MAPK and c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) activation, whereas knockdown of GADD45B reversed these changes. Notably, the activity of extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) was not affected by GADD45B expression. Furthermore, inhibitors of p38 MAPK (SB203580) and JNK (SP600125) alleviated HG‐ and GADD45B overexpression-induced renal tubular epithelial-mesenchymal transition and apoptosis. These findings indicate a role of GADD45B in diabetes-induced renal tubular EMT and apoptosis via the p38 MAPK and JNK pathways, which may be an important mechanism of diabetic kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Xue
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongxi Sun
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Rong Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun Guo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Cheng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chaofei Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chao Tang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Bei Sun
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Liming Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Cdk5-mediated Drp1 phosphorylation drives mitochondrial defects and neuronal apoptosis in radiation-induced optic neuropathy. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:720. [PMID: 32883957 PMCID: PMC7473761 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02922-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Radiation-induced optic neuropathy (RION) is a devastating complication following external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) that leads to acute vision loss. To date, no efficient, available treatment for this complication, due partly to the lack of understanding regarding the developmental processes behind RION. Here, we report radiation caused changes in mitochondrial dynamics by regulating the mitochondrial fission proteins dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) and fission-1 (Fis1). Concurrent with an excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), both neuronal injury and visual dysfunction resulted. Further, our findings delineate an important mechanism by which cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5)-mediated phosphorylation of Drp1 (Ser616) regulates defects in mitochondrial dynamics associated with neuronal injury in the development of RION. Both the pharmacological inhibition of Cdk5 by roscovitine and the inhibition of Drp1 by mdivi-1 inhibited mitochondrial fission and the production of ROS associated with radiation-induced neuronal loss. Taken together, these findings may have clinical significance in preventing the development of RION.
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37
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Li X, Xu R, Liu X, Xu L, Xue M, Cheng Y, Li T, Yu X, Wang Y, Li C, Sun B, Chen L. Urinary miR-3137 and miR-4270 as potential biomarkers for diabetic kidney disease. J Clin Lab Anal 2020; 34:e23549. [PMID: 32869917 PMCID: PMC7755759 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background As one of the most prevalent diagnostic indicators of diabetic kidney disease (DKD), albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio (ACR) shows considerably limited predictive power in clinical application. We analyzed microarray expression profiling of urine to seek for differentially expressed miRNAs for potential biomarkers of DKD. Methods Urine samples from type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with (30 mg/g < ACR < 300 mg/g, DKD group) or without DKD (ACR < 30 mg/g, DM group) were collected for miRNA microarray analysis. The differentially expressed miRNAs were screened by bioinformatics analysis and validated by quantitative real‐time PCR. Target genes of differentially expressed miRNAs were predicted in miRDB, Targetscan, and microRNA.org databases. We also conducted the Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) signaling pathways analysis to explore for potential mechanisms in DKD. Results Nine miRNAs were down‐regulated and seventeen miRNAs were up‐regulated in DKD group, compared to DM group. The levels of miR‐3137 and miR‐4270 in DKD group were 0.670 ± 0.505 and 2.116 ± 1.762 times than those in DM group, respectively, showing great significance. A total of 1076 target genes were simultaneously predicted by miRDB, Targetscan, and microRNA.org databases. According to the GO analysis results, disorders of endomembrane system may be one of the major pathological changes in DKD. In addition, Rap 1 signaling pathway is also altered obviously in DKD, discovered by the KEGG analysis. Conclusion MiR‐3137 and miR‐4270 show the potential for urinary biomarkers of DKD. The pathological changes of DKD may be related to disorders of endomembrane system and alternation of Rap1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Tianjin Medical University), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Rong Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Tianjin Medical University), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiangyang Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Tianjin Medical University), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Linxin Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Tianjin Medical University), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Mei Xue
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Tianjin Medical University), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Cheng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Tianjin Medical University), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ting Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Tianjin Medical University), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaochen Yu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Tianjin Medical University), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Tianjin Medical University), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunjun Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Tianjin Medical University), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Bei Sun
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Tianjin Medical University), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Liming Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Tianjin Medical University), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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miR-20a-5p is enriched in hypoxia-derived tubular exosomes and protects against acute tubular injury. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:2223-2234. [PMID: 32808649 DOI: 10.1042/cs20200288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Exosomes have been shown to effectively regulate the biological functions of target cells. Here, we investigated the protective effect and mechanism of hypoxia-induced renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs)-derived exosomes on acute tubular injury. We found that in vitro hypoxia-induced tubular exosomes (Hy-EXOs) were protective in acute tubular injury by promoting TECs proliferation and improving mitochondrial functions. By using exosome miRNA sequencing, we identified miR-20a-5p was abundant and was a key mechanism for the protective effect of Hy-EXOs on tubular injury as up-regulation of miR-20a-5p enhanced but down-regulation of miR-20a-5p inhibited the protective effect of Hy-EXOs on tubular injury under hypoxia conditions. Further study in a mouse model of ischemia–reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury (IRI-AKI) also confirmed this notion as pre-treating mice with the miR-20a-5p agomir 48 h prior to AKI induction was capable of inhibiting IRI-AKI by lowering serum levels of creatinine and urea nitrogen, and attenuating the severity of tubular necrosis, F4/80(+) macrophages infiltration and vascular rarefaction. Mechanistically, the protective effect of miR-20a-5p on acute kidney injury (AKI) was associated with inhibition of TECs mitochondrial injury and apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, miR-20a-5p is enriched in hypoxia-derived tubular exosomes and protects against acute tubular injury. Results from the present study also reveal that miR-20a-5p may represent as a novel therapy for AKI.
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Mise K, Galvan DL, Danesh FR. Shaping Up Mitochondria in Diabetic Nephropathy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 1:982-992. [PMID: 34189465 DOI: 10.34067/kid.0002352020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial medicine has experienced significant progress in recent years and is expected to grow significantly in the near future, yielding many opportunities to translate novel bench discoveries into clinical medicine. Multiple lines of evidence have linked mitochondrial dysfunction to a variety of metabolic diseases, including diabetic nephropathy (DN). Mitochondrial dysfunction presumably precedes the emergence of key histologic and biochemical features of DN, which provides the rationale to explore mitochondrial fitness as a novel therapeutic target in patients with DN. Ultimately, the success of mitochondrial medicine is dependent on a better understanding of the underlying biology of mitochondrial fitness and function. To this end, recent advances in mitochondrial biology have led to new understandings of the potential effect of mitochondrial dysfunction in a myriad of human pathologies. We have proposed that molecular mechanisms that modulate mitochondrial dynamics contribute to the alterations of mitochondrial fitness and progression of DN. In this comprehensive review, we highlight the possible effects of mitochondrial dysfunction in DN, with the hope that targeting specific mitochondrial signaling pathways may lead to the development of new drugs that mitigate DN progression. We will outline potential tools to improve mitochondrial fitness in DN as a novel therapeutic strategy. These emerging views suggest that the modulation of mitochondrial fitness could serve as a key target in ameliorating progression of kidney disease in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Mise
- Section of Nephrology, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Daniel L Galvan
- Section of Nephrology, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Farhad R Danesh
- Section of Nephrology, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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40
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Niemann JH, Du C, Morlot S, Schmidt G, Auber B, Kaune B, Göhring G, Ripperger T, Schlegelberger B, Hofmann W, Smol T, Ait-Yahya E, Raimbault A, Lambilliotte A, Petit F, Steinemann D. De novo missense variants in the RAP1B gene identified in two patients with syndromic thrombocytopenia. Clin Genet 2020; 98:374-378. [PMID: 32627184 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We present two independent cases of syndromic thrombocytopenia with multiple malformations, microcephaly, learning difficulties, dysmorphism and other features. Exome sequencing identified two novel de novo heterozygous variants in these patients, c.35G>T p.(Gly12Val) and c.178G>C p.(Gly60Arg), in the RAP1B gene (NM_001010942.2). These variants have not been described previously as germline variants, however functional studies in literature strongly suggest a clinical implication of these two activating hot spot positions. We hypothesize that pathogenic missense variants in the RAP1B gene cause congenital syndromic thrombocytopenia with a spectrum of associated malformations and dysmorphism, possibly through a gain of function mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chen Du
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Susanne Morlot
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Gunnar Schmidt
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Bernd Auber
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Beate Kaune
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Gudrun Göhring
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Tim Ripperger
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | | | - Winfried Hofmann
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Thomas Smol
- CHU Lille, Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale, Lille, France
| | - Emilie Ait-Yahya
- CHU Lille, Bioinformatics Unit, Molecular Biology Facility, Lille, France
| | - Anna Raimbault
- Hôpital Saint Louis, Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Doris Steinemann
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
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41
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DsbA-L deficiency exacerbates mitochondrial dysfunction of tubular cells in diabetic kidney disease. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:677-694. [PMID: 32167139 DOI: 10.1042/cs20200005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Excessive mitochondrial fission has been identified as the central pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease (DKD), but the precise mechanisms remain unclear. Disulfide-bond A oxidoreductase-like protein (DsbA-L) is highly expressed in mitochondria in tubular cells of the kidney, but its pathophysiological role in DKD is unknown. Our bioinformatics analysis showed that tubular DsbA-L mRNA levels were positively associated with eGFR but negatively associated with Scr and 24h-proteinuria in CKD patients. Furthermore, the genes that were coexpressed with DsbA-L were mainly enriched in mitochondria and were involved in oxidative phosphorylation. In vivo, knockout of DsbA-L exacerbated diabetic mice tubular cell mitochondrial fragmentation, oxidative stress and renal damage. In vitro, we found that DsbA-L was localized in the mitochondria of HK-2 cells. High glucose (HG, 30 mM) treatment decreased DsbA-L expression followed by increased mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) generation and mitochondrial fragmentation. In addition, DsbA-L knockdown exacerbated these abnormalities, but this effect was reversed by overexpression of DsbA-L. Mechanistically, under HG conditions, knockdown DsbA-L expression accentuated JNK phosphorylation in HK-2 cells. Furthermore, administration of a JNK inhibitor (SP600125) or the mtROS scavenger MitoQ significantly attenuated JNK activation and subsequent mitochondrial fragmentation in DsbA-L-knockdown HK-2 cells. Additionally, the down-regulation of DsbA-L also amplified the gene and protein expression of mitochondrial fission factor (MFF) via the JNK pathway, enhancing its ability to recruit DRP1 to mitochondria. Taken together, these results link DsbA-L to alterations in mitochondrial dynamics during tubular injury in the pathogenesis of DKD and unveil a novel mechanism by which DsbA-L modifies mtROS/JNK/MFF-related mitochondrial fission.
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42
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Mechanisms and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic profiles underlying the low nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity of etimicin. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2020; 41:866-878. [PMID: 31937930 PMCID: PMC7468263 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-019-0342-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Etimicin (ETM), a fourth-generation aminoglycosides (AGs), is now widely clinically used in China due to its high efficacy and low toxicity. However, the mechanisms underlying its low nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity remain unclear. In the present study we compared the antibacterial and toxicity profiles of etimicin, gentamicin (GM, a second-generation AG), and amikacin (AMK, a third-generation AG), and investigated their pharmacokinetic properties in the toxicity target organs (kidney and inner ear) and subcellular compartments. We first demonstrated that ETM exhibited superior antibacterial activities against clinical isolates to GM and AMK, and it exerted minimal nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity in rats following multi-dose administration. Then, we conducted pharmacokinetic studies in rats, showed that the three AGs accumulated in the kidney and inner ear with ETM being distributed to a lesser degree in the two toxicity target organs as compared with GM and AMK high-dose groups. Furthermore, we conducted in vitro experiments in NRK-52E rat renal tubular epithelial cells and HEI-OC1 cochlear hair cells, and revealed that all the three AGs were distributed predominantly in the mitochondria with ETM showing minimal accumulation; they not only directly inhibited the activity of mitochondrial complexes IV and V but also inhibited mitochondrial function and its related PGC-1α-NRF1-TFAM pathway; ETM caused minimal damage to the mitochondrial complex and mitochondrial biogenesis. Our results demonstrate that the minimal otonephrotoxicity of ETM results from its lesser accumulation in mitochondria of target cells and subsequently lesser inhibition of mitochondrial function. These results provide a new strategy for discovering novel AGs with high efficacy and low toxicity.
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Zhang Q, He L, Dong Y, Fei Y, Wen J, Li X, Guan J, Liu F, Zhou T, Li Z, Fan Y, Wang N. Sitagliptin ameliorates renal tubular injury in diabetic kidney disease via STAT3-dependent mitochondrial homeostasis through SDF-1α/CXCR4 pathway. FASEB J 2020; 34:7500-7519. [PMID: 32281218 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201903038r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial abnormalities play critical roles in diabetic tubular injury progression. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitors are widely used antihyperglycemic agents that exert renal protective and positive effects against mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetic kidney disease (DKD). However, their underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, DPP4 upregulation, mitochondrial fragmentation, and altered mitochondrial dynamics-associated protein expression were observed in the tubules of DBA2/J (D2) diabetic mice with unilateral nephrectomy and in albumin-stimulated tubular cells. The inhibition of DPP4 by sitagliptin (Sita) ameliorated these mitochondrial perturbations both in vivo and in vitro, whereas DPP4 overexpression aggravated mitochondrial fusion-fission disorder and tubular cell injury in albumin-treated HK-2 cells. Downstream of DPP4, the SDF-1α/CXCR4 pathway was significantly suppressed in diabetic tubules. After Sita treatment, this signaling pathway was restored, and the mitochondrial dynamics was improved. Furthermore, a direct interaction between STAT3 and OPA1 was found in the mitochondria of tubular cells, and this effect was weakened by overloading albumin and by CXCR4 siRNA treatment, suggesting a possible link between DPP4-mediated SDF-1α/CXCR4/STAT3 signaling and mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetic tubular cells. The results suggest that a novel mechanism links the DPP4 enzyme to impaired mitochondrial dynamics homeostasis during tubular injury in DKD and highlight that the SDF-1α/CXCR4/STAT3 signaling pathway could become a potential target for managing DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunzi Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Li He
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Dong
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Fei
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiejun Wen
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaomei Li
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Guan
- Therapy Center for Obstructive Sleep Apnea, Department of Otolaryngology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Therapy Center for Obstructive Sleep Apnea, Department of Otolaryngology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ze Li
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Fan
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Niansong Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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44
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Prostaglandin E1 attenuates high glucose-induced apoptosis in proximal renal tubular cells by inhibiting the JNK/Bim pathway. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2020; 41:561-571. [PMID: 31685975 PMCID: PMC7471471 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-019-0314-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Proximal renal tubular damage is a critical process underlying diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Our previous study shows that prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) reduces the apoptosis of renal tubular cells in DKD rats. But its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study we investigated the protective effects of PGE1 in DKD rats and high glucose (HG, 30 mM)-treated HK-2 proximal tubular cells. Four weeks after uninephrectomized streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were established, the DKD rats were administered PGE1 (10 µg· kg−1· d−1, iv.) for 10 consecutive days. We showed that PGE1 administration did not change blood glucose levels, but alleviated diabetic kidney injury in the DKD rats, evidenced by markedly reduced proteinuria and renal tubular apoptosis. In the in vitro experiments, PGE1 (0.1–100 µM) significantly enhanced HG-reduced HK-2 cell viability. In HG-treated HK-2 cells, PGE1 (10 µM) significantly suppressed the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and the mitochondrial apoptosis-related protein expressions such as Bim, Bax, caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-3; similar changes were also observed in the kidney of PGE1-treated DKD rats. By using two pharmacological tools-JNK activator anisomycin (AM) and JNK inhibitor SP600125, we revealed that PGE1 blocked HG-triggered activation of JNK/Bim pathway in HK-2 cells; JNK was an upstream regulator of Bim. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that the nephroprotective effects of PGE1 against apoptosis of proximal renal tubule in DKD rats via suppressing JNK-related Bim signaling pathway.
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Fontecha-Barriuso M, Martin-Sanchez D, Martinez-Moreno JM, Monsalve M, Ramos AM, Sanchez-Niño MD, Ruiz-Ortega M, Ortiz A, Sanz AB. The Role of PGC-1α and Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Kidney Diseases. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10020347. [PMID: 32102312 PMCID: PMC7072614 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the fastest growing causes of death worldwide, emphasizing the need to develop novel therapeutic approaches. CKD predisposes to acute kidney injury (AKI) and AKI favors CKD progression. Mitochondrial derangements are common features of both AKI and CKD and mitochondria-targeting therapies are under study as nephroprotective agents. PGC-1α is a master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis and an attractive therapeutic target. Low PGC-1α levels and decreased transcription of its gene targets have been observed in both preclinical AKI (nephrotoxic, endotoxemia, and ischemia-reperfusion) and in experimental and human CKD, most notably diabetic nephropathy. In mice, PGC-1α deficiency was associated with subclinical CKD and predisposition to AKI while PGC-1α overexpression in tubular cells protected from AKI of diverse causes. Several therapeutic strategies may increase kidney PGC-1α activity and have been successfully tested in animal models. These include AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activators, phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors, and anti-TWEAK antibodies. In conclusion, low PGC-1α activity appears to be a common feature of AKI and CKD and recent characterization of nephroprotective approaches that increase PGC-1α activity may pave the way for nephroprotective strategies potentially effective in both AKI and CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Fontecha-Barriuso
- Research Institute-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Autonoma University, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.F.-B.); (D.M.-S.); (J.M.M.-M.); (A.M.R.); (M.D.S.-N.); (M.R.-O.); (A.O.)
- REDINREN, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Martin-Sanchez
- Research Institute-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Autonoma University, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.F.-B.); (D.M.-S.); (J.M.M.-M.); (A.M.R.); (M.D.S.-N.); (M.R.-O.); (A.O.)
- REDINREN, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio Manuel Martinez-Moreno
- Research Institute-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Autonoma University, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.F.-B.); (D.M.-S.); (J.M.M.-M.); (A.M.R.); (M.D.S.-N.); (M.R.-O.); (A.O.)
| | - Maria Monsalve
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” (CSIC-UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Adrian Mario Ramos
- Research Institute-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Autonoma University, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.F.-B.); (D.M.-S.); (J.M.M.-M.); (A.M.R.); (M.D.S.-N.); (M.R.-O.); (A.O.)
- REDINREN, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Dolores Sanchez-Niño
- Research Institute-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Autonoma University, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.F.-B.); (D.M.-S.); (J.M.M.-M.); (A.M.R.); (M.D.S.-N.); (M.R.-O.); (A.O.)
- REDINREN, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Ruiz-Ortega
- Research Institute-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Autonoma University, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.F.-B.); (D.M.-S.); (J.M.M.-M.); (A.M.R.); (M.D.S.-N.); (M.R.-O.); (A.O.)
- REDINREN, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- School of Medicine, UAM, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- Research Institute-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Autonoma University, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.F.-B.); (D.M.-S.); (J.M.M.-M.); (A.M.R.); (M.D.S.-N.); (M.R.-O.); (A.O.)
- REDINREN, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- School of Medicine, UAM, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- IRSIN, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Belen Sanz
- Research Institute-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Autonoma University, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.F.-B.); (D.M.-S.); (J.M.M.-M.); (A.M.R.); (M.D.S.-N.); (M.R.-O.); (A.O.)
- REDINREN, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-91-550-48-00
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Li Y, Liu Y, Huang Y, Yang K, Xiao T, Xiong J, Wang K, Liu C, He T, Yu Y, Han W, Wang Y, Bi X, Zhang J, Huang Y, Zhang B, Zhao J. IRF-1 promotes renal fibrosis by downregulation of Klotho. FASEB J 2020; 34:4415-4429. [PMID: 31965641 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902446r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Although the key role of renal fibrosis in the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is well known, the causes of renal fibrosis are not fully clarified. In this study, interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1), a mammalian transcription factor, was highly expressed in fibrotic kidney of CKD patients. Concordantly, the expression level of IRF-1 was significantly elevated in the kidney of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and Adriamycin nephropathy (ADR) mice. In tubular epithelial cells, overexpression of IRF-1 could induce profibrotic markers expression, which accompanied by dramatic downregulation of Klotho, an important inhibitor of renal fibrosis. Luciferase reporter analysis and ChIP assay revealed that IRF-1 repressed Klotho expression by downregulation of C/EBP-β, which regulates Klotho gene transcription via directly binding to its promoter. Further investigation showed that tumor necrosis factor-alpha may be an important inducement for the increase of IRF-1 in tubular epithelial cells after UUO and genetic deletion of IRF-1 attenuated renal fibrosis in UUO mice. Hence, these findings demonstrate that IRF-1 contributes to the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis by downregulation of Klotho, and suppresses IRF-1 may be a potential therapeutic target for CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yinghui Huang
- Department of Nephrology, The Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Ke Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Tangli Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, The Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jiachuan Xiong
- Department of Nephrology, The Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Kailong Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Chi Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Ting He
- Department of Nephrology, The Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yanlin Yu
- Department of Nephrology, The Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Wenhao Han
- Department of Nephrology, The Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xianjin Bi
- Department of Nephrology, The Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jingbo Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yunjian Huang
- Department of Nephrology, The Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jinghong Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, The Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
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47
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Tang YL, Dong XY, Zeng ZG, Feng Z. Gene expression-based analysis identified NTNG1 and HGF as biomarkers for diabetic kidney disease. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e18596. [PMID: 31895808 PMCID: PMC6946191 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000018596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease. Because the molecular mechanisms of DKD are not fully understood, exploration of hub genes and the mechanisms underlying this disease are essential for elucidating the pathogenesis and progression of DKD. Accordingly, in this study, we performed an analysis of gene expression in DKD. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) included 39 upregulated genes and 113 downregulated genes in the GSE30528 dataset and 127 upregulated genes and 18 downregulated genes in the GSE30529 dataset. Additionally, functional analyses were performed to determine the roles of DEGs using glomeruli samples from patients with DKD and healthy controls from the GSE30528 dataset and using tubule samples from patients with DKD and healthy controls from the GSE30529 dataset. These DEGs were enriched in pathways such as the Wnt signaling pathway, metabolic pathways, and the mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway in the GSE30528 dataset and the longevity regulating pathway and Ras signaling pathway in the GSE30529 dataset. Moreover, a protein-protein interaction network was constructed using the identified DEGs, and hub gene analysis was performed. Furthermore, correlation analyses between key genes and pathological characteristics of DKD indicated that CCR4, NTNG1, HGF and ISL1 are related to DKD, and NTNG1 and HGF may server as diagnostic biomarkers in DKD using the receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) curve. Collectively, our findings established 2 reliable biomarkers for DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhen-Guo Zeng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, PR China
| | - Zhen Feng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine
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48
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Du Y, Tang G, Yuan W. Suppression of HDAC2 by sodium butyrate alleviates apoptosis of kidney cells in db/db mice and HG‑induced NRK‑52E cells. Int J Mol Med 2019; 45:210-222. [PMID: 31746362 PMCID: PMC6889930 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Butyrate is short-chain fatty acid, which is produced by intestinal microbiota metabolizing dietary fibers. Butyrate participates in various physiological processes predominantly by activating G-coupled-receptors, inhibiting histone deacetylases (HDACs) and serving as an energy substrate. Previous studies have shown that butyrate plays a protective role in diabetic nephropathy (DN); however, the exact mechanism remains unclear. The present study identified that providing sodium butyrate (NaBu) by gavage relieved renal damage and apoptosis in db/db mice, which is a widely used type 2 DN model. In vitro, NaBu suppressed high glucose (HG)-induced apoptosis in normal rat kidney tubular epithelial (NRK-52E) cells. Of the eleven HDACs (HDAC1-11) studied, only the mRNA expression of HDAC2 was attenuated by NaBu in NRK-52E cells under the HG condition. Overexpression of HDAC2 offset the anti-apoptotic effect of NaBu. NaBu also suppressed HG-induced oxidative stress. Additionally, H2O2 induced an upregulation of HDAC2 in NRK-52E cells, while NaBu inhibited this process. Mechanistically, NaBu acted as an antioxidant in HG-induced NRK-52E cells and suppressed HG-induced apoptosis of NRK-52E cells through inhibiting HDAC2 by virtue of its anti-oxidative property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Du
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Gang Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Weijie Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
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49
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Mesenchymal stem cells prevent the progression of diabetic nephropathy by improving mitochondrial function in tubular epithelial cells. Exp Mol Med 2019; 51:1-14. [PMID: 31285429 PMCID: PMC6802630 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-019-0268-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The administration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) was shown to attenuate overt as well as early diabetic nephropathy in rodents, but the underlying mechanism of this beneficial effect is largely unknown. Inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction are major pathogenic factors in diabetic nephropathy. In this study, we found that the repeated administration of MSCs prevents albuminuria and injury to tubular epithelial cells (TECs), an important element in the progression of diabetic nephropathy, by improving mitochondrial function. The expression of M1 macrophage markers was significantly increased in diabetic kidneys compared with that in control kidneys. Interestingly, the expression of arginase-1 (Arg1), an important M2 macrophage marker, was reduced in diabetic kidneys and increased by MSC treatment. In cultured TECs, conditioned media from lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages reduced peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1α (Pgc1a) expression and impaired mitochondrial function. The coculture of macrophages with MSCs increased and decreased the expression of Arg1 and M1 markers, respectively. Treatment with conditioned media from cocultured macrophages prevented activated macrophage-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in TECs. In the absence of MSC coculture, Arg1 overexpression in macrophages reversed Pgc1a suppression in TECs. These observations suggest that MSCs prevent the progression of diabetic nephropathy by reversing mitochondrial dysfunction in TECs via the induction of Arg1 in macrophages. Stem cells can halt the progression of kidney damage owing to diabetes by reducing inflammation and improving energy production in kidney cells. Eun Hee Koh at the University of Ulsan College of Medicine in Seoul, South Korea, and colleagues found that adult stem cells, known as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), derived from human umbilical cord blood had a protective effect on the kidneys of diabetic mice. Repeated administration of MSCs prevented the recruitment of pro-inflammatory cells into the kidney and increased the levels of arginase-1, a marker of cells with anti-inflammatory activity. Experiments in cells showed that MSCs stimulated the production of arginase-1 in that, in turn, were able to increase the production and activity of mitochondria in kidney cells. This study confirms an important role for MSCs in organ repair.
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Mitochondria-Targeted Peptide SS31 Attenuates Renal Tubulointerstitial Injury via Inhibiting Mitochondrial Fission in Diabetic Mice. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:2346580. [PMID: 31281569 PMCID: PMC6589270 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2346580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective Renal tubular injury is an early characteristic of diabetic nephropathy (DN) that is related to mitochondrial dysfunction. In this study, we explore the effects and mechanisms of mitochondria-targeted peptide SS31 on renal tubulointerstitial injury in DN. Method 40 C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control group, STZ group, STZ+SS31 group, and STZ+normal saline group. SS31 was intraperitoneally injected to the mice every other day for 24 weeks. Renal lesions and the expression of Drp1, Mfn1, Bcl-2, Bax, Caspase1, IL-1β, and FN were detected. In in vitro studies, HK-2 cells were incubated with different concentrations of D-glucose (5, 30 mM) or combined with SS31 and Drp1 inhibitor Midivi1. Mitochondrial ROS, membrane potential, and morphology have been detected to evaluate the mitochondrial function. Results Compared with diabetic mice, the levels of serum creatinine and microalbuminuria were significantly decreased in the SS31 group. Renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis, oxidative stress, and apoptosis were observed in diabetic mice, while the pathological changes were reduced in the SS31-treatment group. SS31 could decrease the expression of Drp1, Bax, Caspase1, IL-1β, and FN in the renal tissue of diabetic mice, while increasing the expression of Mfn1. Additionally, mitochondria exhibit focal enlargement and crista swelling in renal tubular cells of diabetic mice, while SS31 treatment could partially block these changes. An in vitro study showed that pretreatment with SS31 or Drp1 inhibitor Mdivi1 could restore the level of mitochondrial ROS, the membrane potential levels, and the expressions of Drp1, Bax, Caspase1, IL-1β, and FN in HK-2 cells under high-glucose conditions. Conclusion SS31 protected renal tubulointerstitial injury in diabetic mice through a decrease in mitochondrial fragmentation via suppressing the expression of Drp1 and increasing the expression of Mfn1.
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