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Matsumura S, Signoretti C, Fatehi S, Tumenbayar BI, D'Addario C, Nimmer E, Thomas C, Viswanathan T, Wolf A, Garcia V, Rocic P, Bae Y, Alam SMS, Gupte SA. Loss-of-function G6PD variant moderated high fat diet-induced obesity, adipocyte hypertrophy, and fatty liver in male rats. J Biol Chem 2024:107460. [PMID: 38876306 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major risk factor for liver and cardiovascular diseases. However, obesity-driven mechanisms that contribute to the pathogenesis of multiple organ diseases are still obscure and treatment is inadequate. We hypothesized that increased glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), the key rate-limiting enzyme in the pentose shunt, is critical in evoking metabolic reprogramming in multiple organs and is a significant contributor to the pathogenesis of liver and cardiovascular diseases. G6PD is induced by carbohydrate-rich diet and insulin. Long-term (8 months) high-fat diet (HFD) feeding increased body weight and elicited metabolic reprogramming in visceral fat, liver, and aorta, of the wild-type rats. In addition, HFD increased inflammatory chemokines in visceral fat. Interestingly, CRISPR-edited loss-of-function Mediterranean G6PD variant (G6PDS188F) rats, which mimic human polymorphism, moderated HFD-induced weight gain and metabolic reprogramming in visceral fat, liver, and aorta. The G6PDS188F variant prevented HFD-induced CCL7 and adipocyte hypertrophy. Furthermore, the G6PDS188F variant increased Magel2 - a gene encoding circadian clock-related protein that suppresses obesity associated with Prader-Willi syndrome - and reduced HFD-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver. Additionally, the G6PDS188F variant reduced aging-induced aortic stiffening. Our findings suggest G6PD is a regulator of HFD-induced obesity, adipocyte hypertrophy, and fatty liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Matsumura
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595
| | | | - Samuel Fatehi
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595
| | - Bat Ider Tumenbayar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14203
| | | | - Erik Nimmer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260
| | - Colin Thomas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260
| | - Trisha Viswanathan
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595
| | - Alexandra Wolf
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595
| | - Victor Garcia
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595
| | - Petra Rocic
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, SHSU College of Osteopathic Medicine, Conroe, TX 77304
| | - Yongho Bae
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260; Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14203
| | - S M Shafiqul Alam
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (PMI), New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA, 10595
| | - Sachin A Gupte
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595.
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Gupta A, Chan SY, Toh R, Low JM, Liu IMZ, Lim SL, Lee LY, Swarup S. Gestational diabetes-related gut microbiome dysbiosis is not influenced by different Asian ethnicities and dietary interventions: a pilot study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9855. [PMID: 38684759 PMCID: PMC11058859 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60386-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiome dysbiosis contributes to the pathophysiology of both gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and its associated adverse outcomes in the woman and offspring. Even though GDM prevalence, complications, and outcomes vary among different ethnic groups, limited information is available about the influence of ethnicity on gut microbiome dysbiosis in pregnancies complicated by GDM. This pilot prospective cohort study examined the impact of ethnicity on gut dysbiosis in GDM among three Asian ethnic groups (Chinese, Malay, Indian) living in Singapore, and investigated the potential modulatory roles of diet and lifestyle modifications on gut microbiome post-GDM diagnosis. Women with GDM (n = 53) and without GDM (n = 16) were recruited. Fecal samples were collected at 24-28- and 36-40-weeks' gestation and analyzed by targeted 16S rRNA gene-based amplicon sequencing. Permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) analysis was performed to evaluate differences between groups. Differentially abundant taxa were identified by DeSeq2 based analysis. Functional prediction was performed using the phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states (PICRUSt2). Among women with GDM, gut microbiome from different ethnicities harbored common microbial features. However, among those without GDM, there was contrasting microbiome composition between ethnic groups. Microbial members such as Collinsella, Blautia, Ruminococcus, Ruminococcus gnavus, Ruminococcus torques, and Eubacterium hallii groups were differentially enriched (p < 0.05) in women with GDM compared to those without. Among women with GDM, no differences in alpha- and beta- diversity were observed when comparing 24-28 weeks' samples with 36-40 weeks' samples, a period covering intense dietary and lifestyle modification, suggesting an inability to modulate gut microbiota through classic GDM management. Women with GDM have a distinct gut microbiome profile which harbours common features across different Asian ethnic groups, consistent with the notion that specific microbes are involved in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance, pro-inflammatory conditions, and other metabolic dysregulation known to be present in GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Gupta
- Singapore Centre For Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Shiao Yng Chan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rachel Toh
- Department of Neonatology, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jia Ming Low
- Department of Neonatology, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Isabella Ming Zhen Liu
- Department of Neonatology, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Su Lin Lim
- Department of Dietetics, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Le Ye Lee
- Foundation Healthcare Holdings, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sanjay Swarup
- Singapore Centre For Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Li Y, Zheng F, Zhang Y, Lin Z, Yang J, Han X, Feng Y, Pei X, Li F, Liu Q, Yan L, Li T, Zhang Y, Li D, Fu Z, Wang C, Sun Q, Li C. Targeting glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase by 6-AN induces ROS-mediated autophagic cell death in breast cancer. FEBS J 2023; 290:763-779. [PMID: 36048131 PMCID: PMC10087799 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of G6PD involved in the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) is known to promote tumorigenesis. The PPP plays a pivotal role in meeting the anabolic demands of cancer cells. However, the detailed underlying molecular mechanisms of targeting the G6PD-regulated PPP in breast cancer remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the molecular pathways mediating the effects of G6PD on cancer progression. Clinical sample analysis found that the expression of G6PD in breast cancer patients was higher than that in normal controls, and patients with higher G6PD expression had poor survival. Gene knockdown or inhibition of G6PD by 6-AN in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells significantly decreased cell viability, migration, and colony formation ability. G6PD enzyme activity was inhibited by 6-AN treatment, which caused a transient upregulation of ROS. The elevated ROS was independent of cell apoptosis and thus associated with abnormal activated autophagy. Accumulated ROS levels induced autophagic cell death in breast cancer. Inhibition of G6PD suppresses tumour growth in preclinical models of breast cancer. Our results indicate that targeting the G6PD-regulated PPP could restrain tumours in vitro and in vivo, inhibiting G6PD caused cell death by over-activating autophagy, therefore leading to inhibited proliferation and tumour formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fangxu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yupeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhoujun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Juan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ya Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaolin Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lizhong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tianjiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ding Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, China
| | - Zhenkun Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Immunology & Wu Lien-Teh Institute & Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Infection and Immunity, Harbin Medical University& Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Science, China
| | - Changjun Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chenggang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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Relationship between Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency, X-Chromosome Inactivation and Inflammatory Markers. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020334. [PMID: 36829893 PMCID: PMC9952105 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that X-linked glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency entails a proinflammatory state that may increase the risk of several disease conditions. However, it is not clear how this relates to the degree of enzyme insufficiency and, in heterozygous females, to skewed inactivation of the X chromosome. This study aimed to (i) investigate the enzyme activity in a cohort of 232 subjects (54.3% females) from Northern Sardinia, Italy, further stratified into three subgroups (G6PD normal, partial deficiency and total deficiency); (ii) measure the levels of some non-specific inflammatory markers, such as erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), and those derived from cell counts, such as neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), in relation to the underlying molecular defect and X inactivation. G6PD activity was measured in red blood cells according to G6PD/6PGD ratio, and X-chromosome inactivation was assessed by the HUMARA method. Overall, ESR was increased in males with total deficiency compared with normal males (15.0 ± 7.2 vs. 11.9 ± 6.2, p = 0.002, Tukey's test), albeit not in males with partial deficiency. High-sensitivity CRP was slightly increased in males with total deficiency, compared to males with normal G6PD activity (5.96 ± 3.39 vs. 3.95 ± 2.96, p = 0.048). In females, neither marker showed significant differences across the subgroups. MLR was significantly and progressively increased from normal to totally deficient subjects with intermediate values in partially deficient subjects (0.18, 0.31 and 0.37, ANOVA p = 0.008). The NLR and PLR were not different in the three subgroups. Our findings show that G6PD deficiency may be associated with a proinflammatory profile, especially in elderly females, and worsened by the concomitant asymmetric inactivation of the X chromosome.
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The relationship between anemia and obesity. Expert Rev Hematol 2022; 15:911-926. [PMID: 36189499 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2022.2131521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity is linked to a variety of unfavourable outcomes, including anaemia, which is a serious global public health problem. The prevalence of obesity along with anaemia suggests a relationship between obesity and anaemia. Recent studies have demonstrated strong associations between anaemia and obesity, chronic diseases, ageing, hepato-renal impairment, chronic infection, autoimmune diseases, and widespread malignancy. Thus, the intersection point of obesity and anaemia is an important area of attention. AREA COVERED This paper reviews the pathophysiology of obesity and anaemia. Then, It deliberates the relationship between obesity and different types of anaemia and other clinical forms associated with anaemia. EXPERT OPINION Obesity, especially obesity-related to excessive visceral fat distribution, is accompanied by several disturbances at the endothelial, hormonal, and inflammatory levels. These disturbances induce activation of several mechanisms that contribute to the anaemic state. Over-weight patients with chronic anaemias are required to maintain the related vitamins and minerals at optimum levels and appropriate BMI. In addition, a regular clinical follow-up is essential to be scheduled to reduce the risk of complications associated with anaemia in obese patients.
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Sun JX, Xu XH, Jin L. Effects of Metabolism on Macrophage Polarization Under Different Disease Backgrounds. Front Immunol 2022; 13:880286. [PMID: 35911719 PMCID: PMC9331907 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.880286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are versatile immune cells associated with various diseases, and their phenotypes and functions change on the basis of the surrounding environments. Reprogramming of metabolism is required for the proper polarization of macrophages. This review will focus on basic metabolic pathways, the effects of key enzymes and specific products, relationships between cellular metabolism and macrophage polarization in different diseases and the potential prospect of therapy targeted key metabolic enzymes. In particular, the types and characteristics of macrophages at the maternal-fetal interface and their effects on a successful conception will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Liping Jin
- *Correspondence: Liping Jin, ; Xiang-Hong Xu,
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Mediterranean G6PD variant rats are protected from Angiotensin II-induced hypertension and kidney damage, but not from inflammation and arterial stiffness. Vascul Pharmacol 2022; 145:107002. [PMID: 35623546 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2022.107002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Epidemiological studies suggest that individuals in the Mediterranean region with deficiency of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) are less susceptible to cardiovascular diseases. However, our knowledge regarding the effects of G6PD deficiency on pathogenesis of vascular diseases caused by factors, like angiotensin II (Ang-II), which stimulate synthesis of inflammatory cytokines and vascular inflammation, is lacking. Furthermore, to-date the effect of G6PD deficiency on vascular health has been controversial and difficult to experimentally prove due to a lack of good animal model. OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of Ang-II-induced hypertension (HTN) and stiffness in a rat model of the Mediterranean G6PD (G6PDS188F) variant and in wild-type (WT) rats. METHODS AND RESULTS Our findings revealed that infusion of Ang-II (490 ng/kg/min) elicited less HTN and medial hypertrophy of carotid artery in G6PDS188F than in WT rats. Additionally, Ang-II induced less glomerular and tubular damage in the kidneys - a consequence of elevated pressure - in G6PDS188F than WT rats. However, Ang-II-induced arterial stiffness increased in G6PDS188F and WT rats, and there were no differences between the groups. Mechanistically, we found aorta of G6PDS188F as compared to WT rats produced less sustained contraction and less inositol-1,2,3-phosphate (IP3) and superoxide in response to Ang-II. Furthermore, aorta of G6PDS188F as compared to WT rats expressed lower levels of phosphorylated extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK). Interestingly, the aorta of G6PDS188F as compared to WT rats infused with Ang-II transcribed more (50-fold) myosin heavy chain-11 (MYH11) gene, which encodes contractile protein of smooth muscle cell (SMC), and less (2.3-fold) actin-binding Rho-activating gene, which encodes a protein that enhances SMC proliferation. A corresponding increase in MYH11 and Leiomodin-1 (LMOD1) staining was observed in arteries of Ang-II treated G6PDS188F rats. However, G6PD deficiency did not affect the accumulation of CD45+ cells and transcription of genes encoding interleukin-6 and collagen-1a1 by Ang-II. CONCLUSIONS The G6PDS188F loss-of-function variant found in humans protected rats from Ang-II-induced HTN and kidney damage, but not from vascular inflammation and arterial stiffness.
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Genome-wide analysis of cis-regulatory changes underlying metabolic adaptation of cavefish. Nat Genet 2022; 54:684-693. [PMID: 35551306 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-022-01049-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cis-regulatory changes are key drivers of adaptative evolution. However, their contribution to the metabolic adaptation of organisms is not well understood. Here, we used a unique vertebrate model, Astyanax mexicanus-different morphotypes of which survive in nutrient-rich surface and nutrient-deprived cave waters-to uncover gene regulatory networks underlying metabolic adaptation. We performed genome-wide epigenetic profiling in the liver tissues of Astyanax and found that many of the identified cis-regulatory elements (CREs) have genetically diverged and have differential chromatin features between surface and cave morphotypes, while retaining remarkably similar regulatory signatures between independently derived cave populations. One such CRE in the hpdb gene harbors a genomic deletion in cavefish that abolishes IRF2 repressor binding and derepresses enhancer activity in reporter assays. Selection of this mutation in multiple independent cave populations supports its importance in cave adaptation, and provides novel molecular insights into the evolutionary trade-off between loss of pigmentation and adaptation to food-deprived caves.
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Wculek SK, Dunphy G, Heras-Murillo I, Mastrangelo A, Sancho D. Metabolism of tissue macrophages in homeostasis and pathology. Cell Mol Immunol 2022; 19:384-408. [PMID: 34876704 PMCID: PMC8891297 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-021-00791-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular metabolism orchestrates the intricate use of tissue fuels for catabolism and anabolism to generate cellular energy and structural components. The emerging field of immunometabolism highlights the importance of cellular metabolism for the maintenance and activities of immune cells. Macrophages are embryo- or adult bone marrow-derived leukocytes that are key for healthy tissue homeostasis but can also contribute to pathologies such as metabolic syndrome, atherosclerosis, fibrosis or cancer. Macrophage metabolism has largely been studied in vitro. However, different organs contain diverse macrophage populations that specialize in distinct and often tissue-specific functions. This context specificity creates diverging metabolic challenges for tissue macrophage populations to fulfill their homeostatic roles in their particular microenvironment and conditions their response in pathological conditions. Here, we outline current knowledge on the metabolic requirements and adaptations of macrophages located in tissues during homeostasis and selected diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie K Wculek
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid, 28029, Spain.
| | - Gillian Dunphy
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Ignacio Heras-Murillo
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Annalaura Mastrangelo
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - David Sancho
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid, 28029, Spain.
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Khanal P, Patil BM. Reversal of insulin resistance by Ficus benghalensis bark in fructose-induced insulin-resistant rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 284:114761. [PMID: 34678414 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Bark of Ficus benghalensis L. (family: Moraceae), commonly known as Banyan is recorded as Nyagrodha in Ayurvedic Pharmacopeia of India to manage burning sensation, obesity, diabetes, bleeding disorders, thirst, skin diseases, wounds, and dysmenorrhoea. However, the effect of F. benghalensis bark over glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and appetite regulation in insulin-resistant pathogenesis has not been reported yet. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study aimed to investigate the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of F. benghalensis bark in gluconeogenesis, glycolysis, and appetite regulation in fructose-induced insulin resistance in experimental rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Wister rats were supplemented with fructose in drinking water (10% w/v for 42 days and 20% w/v for next 12 days; a total of 54 days); insulin resistance was confirmed via the elevated area under the curve of the glucose during oral glucose tolerance test after 54 days and was subjected with extract treatment for next 30 days. After 30 days of treatment, animals were fasted to perform oral glucose and insulin tolerance test to estimate glucose and insulin levels. The blood sample was collected for biochemical estimation and the liver homogenate was prepared to estimate hepatic enzymes and enzymatic and non-enzymatic anti-oxidant biomarkers followed by histopathological evaluation. Also, glycogen content was quantified in gastrocnemius muscle and liver homogenates. Further, reported bioactives from the F. benghalensis were retrieved from the ChEBI database and docked against hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, glucose-6-phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, and fructose-1,6-biphosphatase to identify the probable lead hits against the enzymes involved in gluconeogenesis. RESULTS Treatment with the F. benghalensis bark extract significantly increased the body weight and food intake and significantly decreased fructose supplemented water intake. Further, treatment with extract significantly increased the exogenous glucose clearance and well responded to the exogenous insulin. Further, extract treatment improved lipid metabolism, ameliorated plasma leptin, and multiple enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant biomarkers. Likewise, it also improved gluconeogenesis mediated pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver injury. Additionally, molecular docking also identified mucusisoflavone A and B as lead hits in downregulating gluconeogenesis. CONCLUSION Hydroalcoholic extract of F. benghalensis bark may prevent insulin resistance by downregulating gluconeogenesis and improving the appetite in fructose-induced insulin-resistant rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pukar Khanal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, KLE College of Pharmacy Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research (KAHER), Belagavi-590010, India.
| | - B M Patil
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, KLE College of Pharmacy Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research (KAHER), Belagavi-590010, India.
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Sohn JH, Ji Y, Cho CY, Nahmgoong H, Lim S, Jeon YG, Han SM, Han JS, Park I, Rhee HW, Kim S, Kim JB. Spatial Regulation of Reactive Oxygen Species via G6PD in Brown Adipocytes Supports Thermogenic Function. Diabetes 2021; 70:2756-2770. [PMID: 34521642 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are associated with various roles of brown adipocytes. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) controls cellular redox potentials by producing NADPH. Although G6PD upregulates cellular ROS levels in white adipocytes, the roles of G6PD in brown adipocytes remain elusive. Here, we found that G6PD defect in brown adipocytes impaired thermogenic function through excessive cytosolic ROS accumulation. Upon cold exposure, G6PD-deficient mutant (G6PDmut) mice exhibited cold intolerance and downregulated thermogenic gene expression in brown adipose tissue (BAT). In addition, G6PD-deficient brown adipocytes had increased cytosolic ROS levels, leading to extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation. In BAT of G6PDmut mice, administration of antioxidant restored the thermogenic activity by potentiating thermogenic gene expression and relieving ERK activation. Consistently, body temperature and thermogenic execution were rescued by ERK inhibition in cold-exposed G6PDmut mice. Taken together, these data suggest that G6PD in brown adipocytes would protect against cytosolic oxidative stress, leading to cold-induced thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Hyung Sohn
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yul Ji
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Yun Cho
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hahn Nahmgoong
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangsoo Lim
- Bioinformatics Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Geun Jeon
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Mun Han
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Seul Han
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Isaac Park
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Woo Rhee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Bioinformatics Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Bum Kim
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Yuan C, Yuan M, Chen M, Ouyang J, Tan W, Dai F, Yang D, Liu S, Zheng Y, Zhou C, Cheng Y. Prognostic Implication of a Novel Metabolism-Related Gene Signature in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:666199. [PMID: 34150630 PMCID: PMC8213025 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.666199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the main causes of cancer-associated deaths globally, accounts for 90% of primary liver cancers. However, further studies are needed to confirm the metabolism-related gene signature related to the prognosis of patients with HCC. Methods Using the “limma” R package and univariate Cox analysis, combined with LASSO regression analysis, a metabolism-related gene signature was established. The relationship between the gene signature and overall survival (OS) of HCC patients was analyzed. RT-qPCR was used to evaluate the expression of metabolism-related genes in clinical samples. GSEA and ssGSEA algorithms were used to evaluate differences in metabolism and immune status, respectively. Simultaneously, data downloaded from ICGC were used as an external verification set. Results From a total of 1,382 metabolism-related genes, a novel six-gene signature (G6PD, AKR1B15, HMMR, CSPG5, ELOVL3, FABP6) was constructed based on data from TCGA. Patients were divided into two risk groups based on risk scores calculated for these six genes. Survival analysis showed a significant correlation between high-risk patients and poor prognosis. ROC analysis demonstrated that the gene signature had good predictive capability, and the mRNA expression levels of the six genes were upregulated in HCC tissues than those in adjacent normal liver tissues. Independent prognosis analysis confirmed that the risk score and tumor grade were independent risk factors for HCC. Furthermore, a nomogram of the risk score combined with tumor stage was constructed. The calibration graph results demonstrated that the OS probability predicted by the nomogram had almost no deviation from the actual OS probability, especially for 3-year OS. Both the C-index and DCA curve indicated that the nomogram provides higher reliability than the tumor stage and risk scores. Moreover, the metabolic and immune infiltration statuses of the two risk groups were significantly different. In the high-risk group, the expression levels of immune checkpoints, TGF-β, and C-ECM genes, whose functions are related to immune escape and immunotherapy failure, were also upregulated. Conclusions In summary, we developed a novel metabolism-related gene signature to provide more powerful prognostic evaluation information with potential ability to predict the immunotherapy efficiency and guide early treatment for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyan Yuan
- Department of Gynecology, Minda Hospital of Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, China
| | - Mengqin Yuan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingqian Chen
- Department of Gynecology, Minda Hospital of Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, China
| | - Jinhua Ouyang
- Department of Gynecology, Minda Hospital of Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, China
| | - Wei Tan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fangfang Dai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongyong Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shiyi Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yajing Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chenliang Zhou
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanxiang Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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13
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The Controversial Role of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency on Cardiovascular Disease: A Narrative Review. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5529256. [PMID: 34007401 PMCID: PMC8110402 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5529256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disorders (CVD) are highly prevalent and the leading cause of death worldwide. Atherosclerosis is responsible for most cases of CVD. The plaque formation and subsequent thrombosis in atherosclerosis constitute an ongoing process that is influenced by numerous risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, obesity, smoking, inflammation, and sedentary lifestyle. Among the various risk and protective factors, the role of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, the most common inborn enzyme disorder across populations, is still debated. For decades, it has been considered a protective factor against the development of CVD. However, in the recent years, growing scientific evidence has suggested that this inherited condition may act as a CVD risk factor. The role of G6PD deficiency in the atherogenic process has been investigated using in vitro or ex vivo cellular models, animal models, and epidemiological studies in human cohorts of variable size and across different ethnic groups, with conflicting results. In this review, the impact of G6PD deficiency on CVD was critically reconsidered, taking into account the most recent acquisitions on molecular and biochemical mechanisms, namely, antioxidative mechanisms, glutathione recycling, and nitric oxide production, as well as their mutual interactions, which may be impaired by the enzyme defect in the context of the pentose phosphate pathway. Overall, current evidence supports the notion that G6PD downregulation may favor the onset and evolution of atheroma in subjects at risk of CVD. Given the relatively high frequency of this enzyme deficiency in several regions of the world, this finding might be of practical importance to tailor surveillance guidelines and facilitate risk stratification.
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14
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Wang M, Chen W, Chen J, Yuan S, Hu J, Han B, Huang Y, Zhou W. Abnormal saccharides affecting cancer multi-drug resistance (MDR) and the reversal strategies. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 220:113487. [PMID: 33933752 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Clinically, chemotherapy is the mainstay in the treatment of multiple cancers. However, highly adaptable and activated survival signaling pathways of cancer cells readily emerge after long exposure to chemotherapeutics drugs, resulting in multi-drug resistance (MDR) and treatment failure. Recently, growing evidences indicate that the molecular action mechanisms of cancer MDR are closely associated with abnormalities in saccharides. In this review, saccharides affecting cancer MDR development are elaborated and analyzed in terms of aberrant aerobic glycolysis and its related enzymes, abnormal glycan structures and their associated enzymes, and glycoproteins. The reversal strategies including depletion of ATP, circumventing the original MDR pathway, activation by or inhibition of sugar-related enzymes, combination therapy with traditional cytotoxic agents, and direct modification on the sugar moiety, are ultimately proposed. It follows that abnormal saccharides have a significant effect on cancer MDR development, providing a new perspective for overcoming MDR and improving the outcome of chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meizhu Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, E. 232, University Town, Waihuan Rd, Panyu, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenming Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Production Center, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, 95, Shaoshan Rd, Changsha, Hunan, 41007, China
| | - Jiansheng Chen
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, 483, Wushan Rd, Guangzhou, Guangdong province, 510642, China
| | - Sisi Yuan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, E. 232, University Town, Waihuan Rd, Panyu, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiliang Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, E. 232, University Town, Waihuan Rd, Panyu, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Bangxing Han
- Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu'an, Anhui, China; Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, West Anhui University, Lu'an, Anhui, China
| | - Yahui Huang
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, 483, Wushan Rd, Guangzhou, Guangdong province, 510642, China.
| | - Wen Zhou
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 200241, Shanghai, China.
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15
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Dhagia V, Kitagawa A, Jacob C, Zheng C, D'Alessandro A, Edwards JG, Rocic P, Gupte R, Gupte SA. G6PD activity contributes to the regulation of histone acetylation and gene expression in smooth muscle cells and to the pathogenesis of vascular diseases. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 320:H999-H1016. [PMID: 33416454 PMCID: PMC7988761 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00488.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to determine 1) the mechanism(s) that enables glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) to regulate serum response factor (SRF)- and myocardin (MYOCD)-driven smooth muscle cell (SMC)-restricted gene expression, a process that aids in the differentiation of SMCs, and 2) whether G6PD-mediated metabolic reprogramming contributes to the pathogenesis of vascular diseases in metabolic syndrome (MetS). Inhibition of G6PD activity increased (>30%) expression of SMC-restricted genes and concurrently decreased (40%) the growth of human and rat SMCs ex vivo. Expression of SMC-restricted genes decreased (>100-fold) across successive passages in primary cultures of SMCs isolated from mouse aorta. G6PD inhibition increased Myh11 (47%) while decreasing (>50%) Sca-1, a stem cell marker, in cells passaged seven times. Similarly, CRISPR-Cas9-mediated expression of the loss-of-function Mediterranean variant of G6PD (S188F; G6PDS188F) in rats promoted transcription of SMC-restricted genes. G6PD knockdown or inhibition decreased (48.5%) histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity, enriched (by 3-fold) H3K27ac on the Myocd promoter, and increased Myocd and Myh11 expression. Interestingly, G6PD activity was significantly higher in aortas from JCR rats with MetS than control Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Treating JCR rats with epiandrosterone (30 mg/kg/day), a G6PD inhibitor, increased expression of SMC-restricted genes, suppressed Serpine1 and Epha4, and reduced blood pressure. Moreover, feeding SD control (littermates) and G6PDS188F rats a high-fat diet for 4 mo increased Serpine1 and Epha4 expression and mean arterial pressure in SD but not G6PDS188F rats. Our findings demonstrate that G6PD downregulates transcription of SMC-restricted genes through HDAC-dependent deacetylation and potentially augments the severity of vascular diseases associated with MetS.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study gives detailed mechanistic insight about the regulation of smooth muscle cell (SMC) phenotype by metabolic reprogramming and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) in diabetes and metabolic syndrome. We demonstrate that G6PD controls the chromatin modifications by regulating histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity, which deacetylates histone 3-lysine 9 and 27. Notably, inhibition of G6PD decreases HDAC activity and enriches H3K27ac on myocardin gene promoter to enhance the expression of SMC-restricted genes. Also, we demonstrate for the first time that G6PD inhibitor treatment accentuates metabolic and transcriptomic reprogramming to reduce neointimal formation in coronary artery and large artery elastance in metabolic syndrome rats.
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MESH Headings
- Acetylation
- Animals
- Cell Line
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/genetics
- Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/metabolism
- Hemodynamics
- Histones/metabolism
- Humans
- Male
- Metabolic Syndrome/enzymology
- Metabolic Syndrome/genetics
- Metabolic Syndrome/pathology
- Metabolic Syndrome/physiopathology
- Mice, Transgenic
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/enzymology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiopathology
- Mutation
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/enzymology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Myosin Heavy Chains/genetics
- Myosin Heavy Chains/metabolism
- Nuclear Proteins/genetics
- Nuclear Proteins/metabolism
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Serum Response Factor/genetics
- Serum Response Factor/metabolism
- Trans-Activators/genetics
- Trans-Activators/metabolism
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Vascular Remodeling
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidhi Dhagia
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Atsushi Kitagawa
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Christina Jacob
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Connie Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Angelo D'Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - John G Edwards
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Petra Rocic
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Rakhee Gupte
- Raadysan Biotech., Incorporated, Fishkill, New York
| | - Sachin A Gupte
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
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16
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Gu M, Zhou X, Sohn JH, Zhu L, Jie Z, Yang JY, Zheng X, Xie X, Yang J, Shi Y, Brightbill HD, Kim JB, Wang J, Cheng X, Sun SC. NF-κB-inducing kinase maintains T cell metabolic fitness in antitumor immunity. Nat Immunol 2021; 22:193-204. [PMID: 33398181 PMCID: PMC7855506 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-020-00829-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic reprograming toward aerobic glycolysis is a pivotal mechanism shaping immune responses. Here we show that deficiency in NF-κB-inducing kinase (NIK) impairs glycolysis induction, rendering CD8+ effector T cells hypofunctional in the tumor microenvironment. Conversely, ectopic expression of NIK promotes CD8+ T cell metabolism and effector function, thereby profoundly enhancing antitumor immunity and improving the efficacy of T cell adoptive therapy. NIK regulates T cell metabolism via a NF-κB-independent mechanism that involves stabilization of hexokinase 2 (HK2), a rate-limiting enzyme of the glycolytic pathway. NIK prevents autophagic degradation of HK2 through controlling cellular reactive oxygen species levels, which in turn involves modulation of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), an enzyme that mediates production of the antioxidant NADPH. We show that the G6PD-NADPH redox system is important for HK2 stability and metabolism in activated T cells. These findings establish NIK as a pivotal regulator of T cell metabolism and highlight a post-translational mechanism of metabolic regulation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/enzymology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/transplantation
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Colonic Neoplasms/enzymology
- Colonic Neoplasms/immunology
- Colonic Neoplasms/pathology
- Colonic Neoplasms/therapy
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- Energy Metabolism
- Enzyme Stability
- Female
- Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/metabolism
- Glycolysis
- Hexokinase/genetics
- Hexokinase/metabolism
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/enzymology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/transplantation
- Male
- Melanoma, Experimental/enzymology
- Melanoma, Experimental/immunology
- Melanoma, Experimental/pathology
- Melanoma, Experimental/therapy
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- NADP/metabolism
- Phenotype
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/deficiency
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Tumor Microenvironment
- NF-kappaB-Inducing Kinase
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Meidi Gu
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiaofei Zhou
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jee Hyung Sohn
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Adipose Tissue Remodeling, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Lele Zhu
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zuliang Jie
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jin-Young Yang
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Xiaofeng Zheng
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiaoping Xie
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Precision for Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yaoyao Shi
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hans D Brightbill
- Department of Immunology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jae Bum Kim
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Adipose Tissue Remodeling, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xuhong Cheng
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shao-Cong Sun
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA.
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17
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Park J, Sohn JH, Han SM, Park YJ, Huh JY, Choe SS, Kim JB. Adipocytes Are the Control Tower That Manages Adipose Tissue Immunity by Regulating Lipid Metabolism. Front Immunol 2021; 11:598566. [PMID: 33584664 PMCID: PMC7876236 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.598566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence reveals that adipose tissue is an immunologically active organ that exerts multiple impacts on the regulation of systemic energy metabolism. Adipose tissue immunity is modulated by the interactions between adipocytes and various immune cells. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanisms that control inter-cellular interactions between adipocytes and immune cells in adipose tissue have not been thoroughly elucidated. Recently, it has been demonstrated that adipocytes utilize lipid metabolites as a key mediator to initiate and mediate diverse adipose tissue immune responses. Adipocytes present lipid antigens and secrete lipid metabolites to determine adipose immune tones. In addition, the interactions between adipocytes and adipose immune cells are engaged in the control of adipocyte fate and functions upon metabolic stimuli. In this review, we discuss an integrated view of how adipocytes communicate with adipose immune cells using lipid metabolites. Also, we briefly discuss the newly discovered roles of adipose stem cells in the regulation of adipose tissue immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeu Park
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jee Hyung Sohn
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Mun Han
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoon Jeong Park
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin Young Huh
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung Sik Choe
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Bum Kim
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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18
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Jin Y, Ji Y, Song Y, Choe SS, Jeon YG, Na H, Nam TW, Kim HJ, Nahmgoong H, Kim SM, Kim JW, Nam KT, Seong JK, Hwang D, Park CB, Lee IH, Kim JB, Lee HW. Depletion of Adipocyte Becn1 Leads to Lipodystrophy and Metabolic Dysregulation. Diabetes 2021; 70:182-195. [PMID: 33046512 PMCID: PMC7881852 DOI: 10.2337/db19-1239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Becn1/Beclin-1 is a core component of the class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase required for autophagosome formation and vesicular trafficking. Although Becn1 has been implicated in numerous diseases such as cancer, aging, and neurodegenerative disease, the role of Becn1 in white adipose tissue and related metabolic diseases remains elusive. In this study, we show that adipocyte-specific Becn1 knockout mice develop severe lipodystrophy, leading to adipose tissue inflammation, hepatic steatosis, and insulin resistance. Ablation of Becn1 in adipocytes stimulates programmed cell death in a cell-autonomous manner, accompanied by elevated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress gene expression. Furthermore, we observed that Becn1 depletion sensitized mature adipocytes to ER stress, leading to accelerated cell death. Taken together, these data suggest that adipocyte Becn1 would serve as a crucial player for adipocyte survival and adipose tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Jin
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yul Ji
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Adipocyte Structure-Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yaechan Song
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Sik Choe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Adipocyte Structure-Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Geun Jeon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Adipocyte Structure-Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heeju Na
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Wook Nam
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jeong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hahn Nahmgoong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Adipocyte Structure-Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Min Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Adipocyte Structure-Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Woo Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Taek Nam
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Daehee Hwang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Bae Park
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - In Hye Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Bum Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Adipocyte Structure-Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Woong Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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19
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AlZaim I, Hammoud SH, Al-Koussa H, Ghazi A, Eid AH, El-Yazbi AF. Adipose Tissue Immunomodulation: A Novel Therapeutic Approach in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:602088. [PMID: 33282920 PMCID: PMC7705180 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.602088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a critical regulator of systemic metabolism and bodily homeostasis as it secretes a myriad of adipokines, including inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. As the main storage pool of lipids, subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues undergo marked hypertrophy and hyperplasia in response to nutritional excess leading to hypoxia, adipokine dysregulation, and subsequent low-grade inflammation that is characterized by increased infiltration and activation of innate and adaptive immune cells. The specific localization, physiology, susceptibility to inflammation and the heterogeneity of the inflammatory cell population of each adipose depot are unique and thus dictate the possible complications of adipose tissue chronic inflammation. Several lines of evidence link visceral and particularly perivascular, pericardial, and perirenal adipose tissue inflammation to the development of metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. In addition to the implication of the immune system in the regulation of adipose tissue function, adipose tissue immune components are pivotal in detrimental or otherwise favorable adipose tissue remodeling and thermogenesis. Adipose tissue resident and infiltrating immune cells undergo metabolic and morphological adaptation based on the systemic energy status and thus a better comprehension of the metabolic regulation of immune cells in adipose tissues is pivotal to address complications of chronic adipose tissue inflammation. In this review, we discuss the role of adipose innate and adaptive immune cells across various physiological and pathophysiological states that pertain to the development or progression of cardiovascular diseases associated with metabolic disorders. Understanding such mechanisms allows for the exploitation of the adipose tissue-immune system crosstalk, exploring how the adipose immune system might be targeted as a strategy to treat cardiovascular derangements associated with metabolic dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim AlZaim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Safaa H Hammoud
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Houssam Al-Koussa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Alaa Ghazi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ahmed F El-Yazbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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20
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Trusov NV, Apryatin SA, Shipelin VA, Gmoshinski IV. [Full transcriptome analysis of gene expression in liver of mice in a comparative study of quercetin efficiency on two obesity models]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 66:31-47. [PMID: 33369371 DOI: 10.14341/probl12561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quercetin (Q; 3,3',4',5,7 - pentahydroxyflavone) can help alleviate the pathological effects of nutritional obesity and metabolic syndrome when taken as part of products for special dietary needs and food supplements. The mechanisms of action of Q at the genetic level are not well understood. AIMS To study gene expression in liver tissue of mice with alimentary and genetically determined obesity upon intake of Q with diet. MATERIALS AND METHODS During 46 days of the experiment on 32 male C57Bl/6J mice fed a diet with an excess of fat and fructose and 24 male genetically obese db/db mice the effect of Q in dose of 25 or 100 mg/kg of body weight was studied on differential expression of 39430 genes in mice livers by full transcriptome profiling on microchip according to the Agilent One-Color Microarray-Based Gene Expression Analysis Low Input Quick Amp Labeling protocol (version 6.8). To identify metabolic pathways (KEGGs) that were targets of Q exposure, transcriptomic data were analyzed using bioinformatics methods in an "R" environment. RESULTS Differences were revealed in the nature of Q supplementation action in animals with dietary induced and genetically determined obesity on a number of key metabolic pathways, including the metabolism of lipids and steroids (Saa3, Cidec, Scd1, Apoa4, Acss2, Fabp5, Car3, Acacb, Insig2 genes), amino acids and nitrogen bases (Ngef, Gls2), carbohydrates (G6pdx, Pdk4), regulation of cell growth, apoptosis and proliferation (Btg3, Cgref1, Fst, Nrep Tuba8), neurotransmission (Grin2d, Camk2b), immune system reactions (CD14i, Jchain, Ifi27l2b). CONCLUSIONS The data obtained help to explain the ambiguous effectiveness of Q, like other polyphenols, in the dietary treatment of various forms of obesity in humans, as well as to form a set of sensitive biomarkers that allow us to elucidate the effectiveness of minor biologically active food substances in preclinical trials of new means of metabolic correction of obesity and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- N V Trusov
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety
| | - S A Apryatin
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety
| | - V A Shipelin
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety; Plekhanov Russian University of Economics
| | - I V Gmoshinski
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety
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21
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Ortiz SR, Field MS. Mammalian metabolism of erythritol: a predictive biomarker of metabolic dysfunction. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2020; 23:296-301. [PMID: 32412980 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To summarize recent advances in our understanding of mammalian erythritol metabolism and its use as a predictive biomarker of cardiometabolic disease risk. RECENT FINDINGS Elevated serum erythritol predicts future central adiposity gain and type 2 diabetes mellitus in healthy adults. Erythritol is a newly recognized human metabolic product of glucose, synthesized through the pentose phosphate pathway. The final conversion of this metabolic pathway is catalyzed by the enzymes sorbitol dehydrogenase and alcohol dehydrogenase 1. Erythritol is also a well characterized nonnutritive sweetener. Recent studies show that dietary erythritol can be metabolized to erythrose or erythronate in humans before excretion. SUMMARY Elevated serum erythritol predicts risk for cardiometabolic disease, but more research is required to maximize its utility as a biomarker, including characterizing the determinants of endogenous erythritol synthesis from glucose. New insights into dietary erythritol metabolism also highlight the need to evaluate the effects of long-term erythritol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semira R Ortiz
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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22
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Tian N, Liu Q, Li Y, Tong L, Lu Y, Zhu Y, Zhang P, Chen H, Hu L, Meng J, Feng M, Li M, Zheng L, Li B, Xu T, Wu L, Tong X. Transketolase Deficiency in Adipose Tissues Protects Mice From Diet-Induced Obesity by Promoting Lipolysis. Diabetes 2020; 69:1355-1367. [PMID: 32295803 DOI: 10.2337/db19-1087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity has recently become a prevalent health threat worldwide. Although emerging evidence has suggested a strong link between the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) and obesity, the role of transketolase (TKT), an enzyme in the nonoxidative branch of the PPP that connects PPP and glycolysis, remains obscure in adipose tissues. In this study, we specifically deleted TKT in mouse adipocytes and found no obvious phenotype upon normal diet feeding. However, adipocyte TKT abrogation attenuated high-fat diet-induced obesity, reduced hepatic steatosis, improved glucose tolerance, alleviated insulin resistance, and increased energy expenditure. Mechanistically, TKT deficiency accumulated nonoxidative PPP metabolites and decreased glycolysis and pyruvate input into the mitochondria, leading to increased lipolytic enzyme gene expression and enhanced lipolysis, fatty acid oxidation, and mitochondrial respiration. Therefore, our data not only identify a novel role of TKT in regulating lipolysis and obesity but also suggest that limiting glucose-derived carbon into the mitochondria induces lipid catabolism and energy expenditure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Tian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of National Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of National Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yakui Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of National Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingfeng Tong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of National Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of National Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yemin Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of National Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of National Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanbei Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of National Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Meng
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Ming Feng
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Minle Li
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liang Zheng
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Li
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianle Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lifang Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of National Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuemei Tong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of National Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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23
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Gut Bacteria Selectively Altered by Sennoside A Alleviate Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity Traits. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:2375676. [PMID: 32685087 PMCID: PMC7334780 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2375676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidences implicate that gut microbiota play an important role in the onset and prolongation of fat inflammation and diabetes. Sennoside A, the main active ingredient of Rhizoma Rhei (rhubarb), is widely used for constipation as a kind of anthranoid laxative (e.g., senna). Here, we put forward the hypothesis that the structural alteration of gut microbiota in obesity mice may be involved in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D) which may be ameliorated by Sennoside A. We investigated the appearance of obesity, insulin resistance, host inflammation, and leaky gut phenotype with or without Sennoside A in db/db mice. Horizontal fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was used to confirm the critical roles of gut microbiota in the amelioration of the indices in T2D mice after Sennoside A treatment. As a result, we found that Sennoside A administration markedly improved the indices in T2D mice and obesity-related traits including blood glucose level, body weight, lipid metabolism disorder, and insulin resistance. The gut microbiota changed quickly during the onset of T2D in db/db mice, which confirmed the hypothesis that gut microbiota was involved in the pathogenesis of T2D. Sennoside A altered gut microbial composition which might mediate the antiobesogenic effects in T2D remission. Sennoside A also reduced inflammation and increased tight junction proteins in the ileum in gene-deficient mice via gut microbiota alteration. FMT lowered the blood glucose level and improved insulin resistance, corroborating that Sennoside A perhaps exerted its antiobesogenic effects through gut microbiota alteration. Chemical Compounds Studied in This Article. Compounds studied in this article include Sennoside A (PubChem CID: 73111) and metformin hydrochloride (PubChem CID: 14219).
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Kitagawa A, Kizub I, Jacob C, Michael K, D'Alessandro A, Reisz JA, Grzybowski M, Geurts AM, Rocic P, Gupte R, Miano JM, Gupte SA. CRISPR-Mediated Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Modeling in Rats Reveals Insight Into Reduced Cardiovascular Risk Associated With Mediterranean G6PD Variant. Hypertension 2020; 76:523-532. [PMID: 32507041 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.14772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies suggest that individuals in the Mediterranean region with a loss-of-function, nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (S188F), in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6pd) are less susceptible to vascular diseases. However, this association has not yet been experimentally proven. Here, we set out to determine whether the Mediterranean mutation confers protection from vascular diseases and to discover the underlying protective mechanism. We generated a rat model with the Mediterranean single nucleotide polymorphism (G6PDS188F) using CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing. In rats carrying the mutation, G6PD activity, but not expression, was reduced to 20% of wild-type (WT) littermates. Additionally, unbiased metabolomics analysis revealed that the pentose phosphate pathway and other ancillary metabolic pathways connected to the pentose phosphate pathway were reduced (P<0.05) in the arteries of G6PDS188F versus WT rats. Intriguingly, G6PDS188F mutants, as compared with WT rats, developed less large arterial stiffness and hypertension evoked by high-fat diet and nitric oxide synthase inhibition with L-NG-nitroarginine methyl ester. Intravenous injection of a voltage-gated L-type Ca2+ channel agonist (methyl 2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-[2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,4-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylate; Bay K8644) acutely increased blood pressure in WT but not in G6PDS188F rats. Finally, our results suggested that (1) lower resting membrane potential of smooth muscle caused by increased expression of K+ channel proteins and (2) decreased voltage-gated Ca2+ channel activity in smooth muscle contributed to reduced hypertension and arterial stiffness evoked by L-NG-nitroarginine methyl ester and high-fat diet to G6PDS188F mutants as compared with WT rats. In summary, a mutation resulting in the replacement of a single amino acid (S188F) in G6PD, the rate-limiting enzyme in the pentose phosphate pathway, ascribed properties to the vascular smooth muscle that shields the organism from risk factors associated with vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Kitagawa
- From the Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla (A.K., I.K., C.J., K.M., P.R., S.A.G.)
| | - Igor Kizub
- From the Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla (A.K., I.K., C.J., K.M., P.R., S.A.G.)
| | - Christina Jacob
- From the Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla (A.K., I.K., C.J., K.M., P.R., S.A.G.)
| | - Kevin Michael
- From the Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla (A.K., I.K., C.J., K.M., P.R., S.A.G.)
| | - Angelo D'Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (A.D., J.A.R.)
| | - Julie A Reisz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (A.D., J.A.R.)
| | - Michael Grzybowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (M.G., A.M.G.)
| | - Aron M Geurts
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (M.G., A.M.G.)
| | - Petra Rocic
- From the Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla (A.K., I.K., C.J., K.M., P.R., S.A.G.)
| | | | - Joseph M Miano
- Department of Medicine, Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University (J.M.M.)
| | - Sachin A Gupte
- From the Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla (A.K., I.K., C.J., K.M., P.R., S.A.G.)
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Gupte R, Dhagia V, Rocic P, Ochi R, Gupte SA. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase increases Ca 2+ currents by interacting with Ca v1.2 and reducing intrinsic inactivation of the L-type calcium channel. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 319:H144-H158. [PMID: 32442021 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00727.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Pyridine nucleotides, such as NADPH and NADH, are emerging as critical players in the regulation of heart and vascular function. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), the rate-limiting enzyme in the pentose phosphate pathway, is the primary source and regulator of cellular NADPH. In the current study, we have identified two isoforms of G6PD (slow and fast migrating) and functionally characterized the slow migrating isoform of G6PD (G6PD545) in bovine and human arteries. We found that G6PD545 is eluted in the caveolae fraction of vascular smooth muscle (VSM) and has a higher maximum rate of reaction (Vmax: 1.65-fold) than its fast migrating isoform (G6PD515). Interestingly, caveolae G6PD forms a complex with the pore-forming α1C-subunit of the L-type Ca2+ channel, Cav1.2, as demonstrated by a proximity ligation assay in fixed VSMCs. Additionally, Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) analysis of HEK293-17T cells cotransfected with red fluorescent protein (RFP)-tagged G6PD545 (C-G6PD545) and green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged Cav1.2-(Cav1.2-GFP) demonstrated strong FRET signals as compared with cells cotransfected with Cav1.2-GFP and C-G6PD515. Furthermore, L-type Ca2+ channel conductance was larger and the voltage-independent component of availability (c1) was augmented in C-G6PD545 and Cav1.2-GFP cotransfectants compared with those expressing Cav1.2-GFP alone. Surprisingly, epiandrosterone, a G6PD inhibitor, disrupted the G6PD-Cav1.2 complex, also decreasing the amplitude of L-type Ca2+ currents and window currents, thereby reducing the availability of the c1 component. Moreover, overexpression of adeno-G6PD545-GFP augmented the KCl-induced contraction in coronary arteries compared with control. To determine whether overexpression of G6PD had any clinical implication, we investigated its activity in arteries from patients and rats with metabolic syndrome and found that G6PD activity was high in this disease condition. Interestingly, epiandrosterone treatment reduced elevated mean arterial blood pressure and peripheral vascular resistance in metabolic syndrome rats, suggesting that the increased activity of G6PD augmented vascular contraction and blood pressure in the metabolic syndrome. These data suggest that the novel G6PD-Cav1.2 interaction, in the caveolae fraction, reduces intrinsic voltage-dependent inactivation of the channel and contributes to regulate VSM L-type Ca2+ channel function and Ca2+ signaling, thereby playing a significant role in modulating vascular function in physiological/pathophysiological conditions.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In this study we have identified a novel isozyme of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), a metabolic enzyme, that interacts with and contributes to regulate smooth muscle cell l-type Ca2+ ion channel function, which plays a crucial role in vascular function in physiology and pathophysiology. Furthermore, we demonstrate that expression and activity of this novel G6PD isoform are increased in arteries of individuals with metabolic syndrome and in inhibition of G6PD activity in rats of metabolic syndrome reduced blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakhee Gupte
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York.,Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Vidhi Dhagia
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Petra Rocic
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York.,Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Rikuo Ochi
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York.,Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Sachin A Gupte
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York.,Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
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Ma T, Li Y, Zhu Y, Jiang S, Cheng C, Peng Z, Xu L. Differential Metabolic Pathways and Metabolites in a C57BL/6J Mouse Model of Alcoholic Liver Disease. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e924602. [PMID: 32384076 PMCID: PMC7236594 DOI: 10.12659/msm.924602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alcoholic liver disease (ALD), an important cause of acute or chronic liver injury, results from binge drinking or long-term alcohol consumption. To date, there is no well-established mouse model with a comprehensive metabolic profile that mimics ALD in humans. This study aimed to explore the differential metabolic pathways and related differential metabolites in the liver of an ALD mouse model. Material/Methods A C57BL/6J mouse model of ALD was induced by alcohol feeding for 10 days plus binge alcohol feeding. The metabolomic profiles in the liver of the ALD mouse model was detected through ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC/Q-TOF-MS). Results A total 35 metabolites were significantly altered during the development of ALD. These metabolites were correlated to multiple metabolic pathways, including purine metabolism, the pentose phosphate pathway, cysteine and methionine metabolism, D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, and vitamin B6 metabolism. Conclusions The findings of the present study reveal potential biomarkers of ALD, and provide further insights into the pathogenesis of ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai Ma
- School of Basic Medical Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Yue Li
- School of Basic Medical Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Yun Zhu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Shuling Jiang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Chen Cheng
- School of Basic Medical Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Zhiwei Peng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Long Xu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland)
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Tu D, Gao Y, Yang R, Guan T, Hong JS, Gao HM. The pentose phosphate pathway regulates chronic neuroinflammation and dopaminergic neurodegeneration. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:255. [PMID: 31805953 PMCID: PMC6896486 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1659-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic dysfunction and neuroinflammation are increasingly implicated in Parkinson's disease (PD). The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP, a metabolic pathway parallel to glycolysis) converts glucose-6-phosphate into pentoses and generates ribose-5-phosphate and NADPH thereby governing anabolic biosynthesis and redox homeostasis. Brains and immune cells display high activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), the rate-limiting enzyme of the PPP. A postmortem study reveals dysregulation of G6PD enzyme in brains of PD patients. However, spatial and temporal changes in activity/expression of G6PD in PD remain undetermined. More importantly, it is unclear how dysfunction of G6PD and the PPP affects neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in PD. METHODS We examined expression/activity of G6PD and its association with microglial activation and dopaminergic neurodegeneration in multiple chronic PD models generated by an intranigral/intraperitoneal injection of LPS, daily subcutaneous injection of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) for 6 days, or transgenic expression of A53T α-synuclein. Primary microglia were transfected with G6PD siRNAs and treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to examine effects of G6PD knockdown on microglial activation and death of co-cultured neurons. LPS alone or with G6PD inhibitor(s) was administrated to mouse substantia nigra or midbrain neuron-glia cultures. While histological and biochemical analyses were conducted to examine microglial activation and dopaminergic neurodegeneration in vitro and in vivo, rotarod behavior test was performed to evaluate locomotor impairment in mice. RESULTS Expression and activity of G6PD were elevated in LPS-treated midbrain neuron-glia cultures (an in vitro PD model) and the substantia nigra of four in vivo PD models. Such elevation was positively associated with microglial activation and dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Furthermore, inhibition of G6PD by 6-aminonicotinamide and dehydroepiandrosterone and knockdown of microglial G6PD attenuated LPS-elicited chronic dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Mechanistically, microglia with elevated G6PD activity/expression produced excessive NADPH and provided abundant substrate to over-activated NADPH oxidase (NOX2) leading to production of excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS). Knockdown and inhibition of G6PD ameliorated LPS-triggered production of ROS and activation of NF-кB thereby dampening microglial activation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicated that G6PD-mediated PPP dysfunction and neuroinflammation exacerbated each other mediating chronic dopaminergic neurodegeneration and locomotor impairment. Insight into metabolic-inflammatory interface suggests that G6PD and NOX2 are potential therapeutic targets for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezhen Tu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, 12 Xuefu Road, Nanjing, 210061, Jiangsu Province, China
- Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Yun Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, 12 Xuefu Road, Nanjing, 210061, Jiangsu Province, China
- Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Ru Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, 12 Xuefu Road, Nanjing, 210061, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tian Guan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, 12 Xuefu Road, Nanjing, 210061, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jau-Shyong Hong
- Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Hui-Ming Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, 12 Xuefu Road, Nanjing, 210061, Jiangsu Province, China.
- Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709, USA.
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Rhee M, Kim JW, Lee MW, Yoon KH, Lee SH. Preadipocyte factor 1 regulates adipose tissue browning via TNF-α-converting enzyme-mediated cleavage. Metabolism 2019; 101:153977. [PMID: 31655089 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2019.153977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing adaptive thermogenesis in adipose tissue may be a potential therapeutic target for overcoming obesity and obesity-related disorders. Preadipocyte factor 1 (Pref-1), a preadipocyte secreted protein, plays an inhibitory role in adipogenic differentiation. However, the role of Pref-1 in adipose tissue browning remains unknown. We investigated whether Pref-1 regulates thermogenic program and beige fat biogenesis. METHODS Pref-1 expression levels were examined in inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) and differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes in thermogenic conditions induced by cold exposure or a beta-adrenergic stimulus (CL316,243). Overexpression and knockdown studies were performed both in vivo and in vitro to clarify the role of Pref-1 in iWAT browning. RESULTS Cold exposure or CL316,243 induced a thermogenic program in adipose tissue of C57BL/6N mice and in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Notably, Pref-1 levels were down-regulated in iWAT and adipocytes under these conditions. Overexpressing Pref-1 showed reduced thermogenic gene expressions in response to CL316,243 treatment, whereas depletion of Pref-1 augmented thermogenic program in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Correspondingly, treating C57BL/6N mice with Pref-1 resulted in reduced expression of thermogenic and beige fat markers, a reduced rate of oxygen consumption, blunting of UCP1 expression and beige fat formation in iWAT in response to cold exposure or CL316,243 injection compared to the untreated mice. The opposite phenotype was observed in mice with inducible fat-specific knock-out of Pref-1. Mechanistically, these effects were regulated by modulation of TNF-α-converting enzyme activity and Pref-1 cleavage. CONCLUSION Our findings establish a novel role of Pref-1 that regulates adaptive thermogenesis. This offers a unique target for improving energy homeostasis and treating obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Rhee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Won Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Woo Lee
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Kun-Ho Yoon
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea.
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Park J, Huh JY, Oh J, Kim JI, Han SM, Shin KC, Jeon YG, Choe SS, Park J, Kim JB. Activation of invariant natural killer T cells stimulates adipose tissue remodeling via adipocyte death and birth in obesity. Genes Dev 2019; 33:1657-1672. [PMID: 31727774 PMCID: PMC6942052 DOI: 10.1101/gad.329557.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this study, Park et al. set out to elucidate the mechanism by which adipose-resident invariant natural killer T cells (iNKT) cells impact adipose tissue remodeling in obesity. Using in vitro and ex vivo approaches, the authors found that, in obesity, adipose iNKT cells can kill hypertrophic and pro-inflammatory adipocytes via FasL-Fas-dependent apoptosis, thus providing new insight into the role adipose iNKT cells play in promoting healthy adipose tissue remodeling. In obesity, adipose tissue undergoes dynamic remodeling processes such as adipocyte hypertrophy, hypoxia, immune responses, and adipocyte death. However, whether and how invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells contribute to adipose tissue remodeling are elusive. In this study, we demonstrate that iNKT cells remove unhealthy adipocytes and stimulate the differentiation of healthy adipocytes. In obese adipose tissue, iNKT cells were abundantly found nearby dead adipocytes. FasL-positive adipose iNKT cells exerted cytotoxic effects to eliminate hypertrophic and pro-inflammatory Fas-positive adipocytes. Furthermore, in vivo adipocyte-lineage tracing mice model showed that activation of iNKT cells by alpha-galactosylceramide promoted adipocyte turnover, eventually leading to potentiation of the insulin-dependent glucose uptake ability in adipose tissue. Collectively, our data propose a novel role of adipose iNKT cells in the regulation of adipocyte turnover in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeu Park
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Adipose Tissue Remodeling, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Jin Young Huh
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Adipose Tissue Remodeling, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Jiyoung Oh
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Jong In Kim
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Adipose Tissue Remodeling, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Sang Mun Han
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Adipose Tissue Remodeling, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Kyung Cheul Shin
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Adipose Tissue Remodeling, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Yong Geun Jeon
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Adipose Tissue Remodeling, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Sung Sik Choe
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Adipose Tissue Remodeling, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Jiyoung Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Jae Bum Kim
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Adipose Tissue Remodeling, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
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DeVallance E, Li Y, Jurczak MJ, Cifuentes-Pagano E, Pagano PJ. The Role of NADPH Oxidases in the Etiology of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome: Contribution of Individual Isoforms and Cell Biology. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:687-709. [PMID: 31250671 PMCID: PMC6909742 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Highly prevalent in Western cultures, obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes increase the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and cost health care systems billions of dollars annually. At the cellular level, obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes are associated with increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Increased levels of ROS production in key organ systems such as adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and the vasculature cause disruption of tissue homeostasis, leading to increased morbidity and risk of mortality. More specifically, growing evidence implicates the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX) enzymes in these pathologies through impairment of insulin signaling, inflammation, and vascular dysfunction. The NOX family of enzymes is a major driver of redox signaling through its production of superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, and attendant downstream metabolites acting on redox-sensitive signaling molecules. Recent Advances: The primary goal of this review is to highlight recent advances and survey our present understanding of cell-specific NOX enzyme contributions to metabolic diseases. Critical Issues: However, due to the short half-lives of individual ROS and/or cellular defense systems, radii of ROS diffusion are commonly short, often restricting redox signaling and oxidant stress to localized events. Thus, special emphasis should be placed on cell type and subcellular location of NOX enzymes to better understand their role in the pathophysiology of metabolic diseases. Future Directions: We discuss the targeting of NOX enzymes as potential therapy and bring to light potential emerging areas of NOX research, microparticles and epigenetics, in the context of metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan DeVallance
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood, Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Yao Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood, Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael J Jurczak
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Eugenia Cifuentes-Pagano
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood, Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Patrick J Pagano
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood, Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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31
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Yang HC, Wu YH, Yen WC, Liu HY, Hwang TL, Stern A, Chiu DTY. The Redox Role of G6PD in Cell Growth, Cell Death, and Cancer. Cells 2019; 8:cells8091055. [PMID: 31500396 PMCID: PMC6770671 DOI: 10.3390/cells8091055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The generation of reducing equivalent NADPH via glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is critical for the maintenance of redox homeostasis and reductive biosynthesis in cells. NADPH also plays key roles in cellular processes mediated by redox signaling. Insufficient G6PD activity predisposes cells to growth retardation and demise. Severely lacking G6PD impairs embryonic development and delays organismal growth. Altered G6PD activity is associated with pathophysiology, such as autophagy, insulin resistance, infection, inflammation, as well as diabetes and hypertension. Aberrant activation of G6PD leads to enhanced cell proliferation and adaptation in many types of cancers. The present review aims to update the existing knowledge concerning G6PD and emphasizes how G6PD modulates redox signaling and affects cell survival and demise, particularly in diseases such as cancer. Exploiting G6PD as a potential drug target against cancer is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Chi Yang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Hsuan Wu
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Chen Yen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Hui-Ya Liu
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Tsong-Long Hwang
- Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
- Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Arnold Stern
- New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Daniel Tsun-Yee Chiu
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
- Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Wang J, Chen X, Osland J, Gerber SJ, Luan C, Delfino K, Goodwin L, Yuan R. Deletion of Nrip1 Extends Female Mice Longevity, Increases Autophagy, and Delays Cell Senescence. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2019; 73:882-892. [PMID: 29346516 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glx257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Using age of female sexual maturation as a biomarker, we previously identified nuclear receptor interacting protein 1 (Nrip1) as a candidate gene that may regulate aging and longevity. In the current report, we found that the deletion of Nrip1 can significantly extend longevity of female mice (log-rank test, p = .0004). We also found that Nrip1 expression is altered differently in various tissues during aging and under diet restriction. Remarkably, Nrip1 expression is elevated with aging in visceral white adipose tissue (WAT), but significantly reduced after 4 months of diet restriction. However, in gastrocnemius muscle, Nrip1 expression is significantly upregulated after the diet restriction. In mouse embryonic fibroblasts, we found that the deletion of Nrip1 can suppress fibroblast proliferation, enhance autophagy under normal culture or amino acid starvation conditions, as well as delay oxidative and replicative senescence. Importantly, in WAT of old animals, the deletion of the Nrip could significantly upregulate autophagy and reduce the number of senescent cells. These results suggest that deleting Nrip1 can extend female longevity, but tissue-specific deletion may have varying effects on health span. The deletion of Nrip1 in WAT may delay senescence in WAT and extend health span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, P. R. China.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics Research, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield
| | - Xundi Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics Research, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield.,Department of Molecular Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield
| | - Jared Osland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics Research, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield
| | - Skyler J Gerber
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics Research, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield.,Department of Molecular Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield
| | - Chao Luan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics Research, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield.,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Kristin Delfino
- Department of Surgery, Center for Clinical Research, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield
| | | | - Rong Yuan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics Research, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield
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33
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Ulusu NN, Gok M, Erman B, Turan B. Effects of Timolol Treatment on Pancreatic Antioxidant Enzymes in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats: An Experimental and Computational Study. J Med Biochem 2019; 38:306-316. [PMID: 31156341 PMCID: PMC6534949 DOI: 10.2478/jomb-2018-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study aimed to investigate whether timolol-treatment has a beneficial effect on pentose phosphate pathway enzyme activities such as glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGDH) enzyme activities and cAMP level in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats in pancreatic tissues. METHODS Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (STZ) in 3-month old male Wistar rats. The diabetic rats were treated with timolol (5 mg/kg body weight, for 12 weeks) while the control group received saline. Enzyme activities were determined in pancreas tissue. To support our results, we performed in silico calculations, using Protein Data Bank structures. RESULTS Timolol treatment of STZ-induced diabetic rats had no noteworthy effect on high blood-glucose levels. However, this treatment induced activities of G6PD and 6PGDH in diabetic rats. Timolol treatment significantly increased cAMP level in diabetic pancreatic tissue. We found that timolol cannot bind strongly to either G6PD or 6PGD, but there is a relatively higher binding affinity to adenylyl cyclase, responsible for cAMP production, serving as a regulatory signal via specific cAMP-binding proteins. CONCLUSIONS Our data point out that timolol treatment has beneficial effects on the antioxidant defence mechanism enzymes in the pancreas of STZ-induced diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuriye Nuray Ulusu
- Koc University, School of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, IstanbulTurkey
| | - Muslum Gok
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, AnkaraTurkey
| | - Burak Erman
- Koc University, School of Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, IstanbulTurkey
| | - Belma Turan
- Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, AnkaraTurkey
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34
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Tang BL. Neuroprotection by glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and the pentose phosphate pathway. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:14285-14295. [PMID: 31127649 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), the rate limiting enzyme that channels glucose catabolism from glycolysis into the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), is vital for the production of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) in cells. NADPH is in turn a substrate for glutathione reductase, which reduces oxidized glutathione disulfide to sulfhydryl glutathione. Best known for inherited deficiencies underlying acute hemolytic anemia due to elevated oxidative stress by food or medication, G6PD, and PPP activation have been associated with neuroprotection. Recent works have now provided more definitive evidence for G6PD's protective role in ischemic brain injury and strengthened its links to neurodegeneration. In Drosophila models, improved proteostasis and lifespan extension result from an increased PPP flux due to G6PD induction, which is phenocopied by transgenic overexpression of G6PD in neurons. Moderate transgenic expression of G6PD was also shown to improve healthspan in mouse. Here, the deciphered and implicated roles of G6PD and PPP in protection against brain injury, neurodegenerative diseases, and in healthspan/lifespan extensions are discussed together with an important caveat, namely NADPH oxidase (NOX) activity and the oxidative stress generated by the latter. Activation of G6PD with selective inhibition of NOX activity could be a viable neuroprotective strategy for brain injury, disease, and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bor Luen Tang
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.,NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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35
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Sakurai K, Eguchi A, Watanabe M, Yamamoto M, Ishikawa K, Mori C. Exploration of predictive metabolic factors for gestational diabetes mellitus in Japanese women using metabolomic analysis. J Diabetes Investig 2019; 10:513-520. [PMID: 29956893 PMCID: PMC6400174 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.12887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION We aimed to explore novel predictive markers for gestational diabetes mellitus using metabolomic analysis in pregnant Japanese women. MATERIALS AND METHODS We carried out a case-control study with a cohort of participants enrolled during the first or early second trimester in the Center of Chiba Unit of the Japan Environment and Children's Study. Participants were classified as either gestational diabetes mellitus cases or matched controls based on age, body mass index and parity. Metabolite levels of their serum and urine obtained randomly before the diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus were analyzed using hydrophilic interaction chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis was carried out to investigate metabolome profiles for the different groups. Metabolites with a variable importance in projection value of >1.5 were identified as potential markers. RESULTS In total, 242 participants were enrolled in the study, of which 121 were cases. The R2X, R2Y and Q2 parameters for the discrimination ability of the resulting models were 0.388, 0.492 and 0.45 for serum, and 0.454, 0.674 and 0.483 for urine, respectively. We finally identified three metabolites in serum and 20 in urine as potential biomarkers. Glutamine in serum and ethanolamine and 1,3-diphosphoglycerate in urine showed >0.8 area under the receiver operating characteristic curves. CONCLUSIONS The present study identified serum and urine metabolites that are possible predictive markers of subsequent gestational diabetes mellitus in Japanese women. Further studies are required to elucidate their efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Sakurai
- Center for Preventive Medical SciencesChiba UniversityChibaJapan
| | - Akifumi Eguchi
- Center for Preventive Medical SciencesChiba UniversityChibaJapan
| | | | - Midori Yamamoto
- Center for Preventive Medical SciencesChiba UniversityChibaJapan
| | - Ko Ishikawa
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and MedicineGraduate School of MedicineChiba UniversityChibaJapan
| | - Chisato Mori
- Center for Preventive Medical SciencesChiba UniversityChibaJapan
- Department of Bioenvironmental MedicineGraduate School of MedicineChiba UniversityChibaJapan
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36
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Ahmad A, Ali T, Kim MW, Khan A, Jo MH, Rehman SU, Khan MS, Abid NB, Khan M, Ullah R, Jo MG, Kim MO. Adiponectin homolog novel osmotin protects obesity/diabetes-induced NAFLD by upregulating AdipoRs/PPARα signaling in ob/ob and db/db transgenic mouse models. Metabolism 2019; 90:31-43. [PMID: 30473057 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In metabolic disorders, adiponectin and adiponectin receptors (AdipoR1/R2) signaling has a key role in improving nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in obesity-associated diabetes. OBJECTIVE To the best of our knowledge, here, we reported for the first time the underlying mechanistic therapeutic efficacy of the novel osmotin, a homolog of mammalian adiponectin, against NAFLD in leptin-deficient ob/ob and db/db mice. METHODS The ob/ob and db/db mice were treated with osmotin at a dose of 5 μg/g three times a week for two weeks. To co-relate the in vivo results we used the human liver carcinoma HepG2 cells, subjected to knockdown with small siRNAs of AdipoR1/R2 and PPARα genes and treated with osmotin and palmitic acid (P.A.). MTT assay, Western blotting, immunohistofluorescence assays, and plasma biochemical analyses were applied. RESULTS Osmotin stimulated AdipoR1/R2 and its downstream APPL1/PPAR-α/AMPK/SIRT1 pathways in ob/ob and db/db mice, and HepG2 cells exposed to P.A. Mechanistically, we confirmed that knockdown of AdipoR1/R2 and PPARα by their respective siRNAs abolished the osmotin activity in HepG2 cells exposed to P.A. Overall, the in vivo and in vitro results suggested that osmotin protected against NAFLD through activation of AdipoR1/R2 and its downstream APPL1/PPAR-α/AMPK/SIRT1 pathways as shown by the reduced body weight, blood glucose level and glycated hemoglobin, improved glucose tolerance, attenuated insulin resistance and hepatic glucogenesis, regulated serum lipid parameters, and increased fatty acid oxidation and mitochondrial functions. CONCLUSION Our findings strongly suggest that novel osmotin might be a potential novel therapeutic tool against obesity/diabetes-induced NAFLD and other metabolic disorders.
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MESH Headings
- Adiponectin/analogs & derivatives
- Adiponectin/chemistry
- Animals
- Anti-Obesity Agents/pharmacology
- Cytoprotection/drug effects
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Hep G2 Cells
- Humans
- Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology
- Leptin/deficiency
- Leptin/genetics
- Lipid Metabolism/drug effects
- Liver/drug effects
- Liver/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Obese
- Mice, Transgenic
- Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/etiology
- Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/pathology
- Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/prevention & control
- Obesity/complications
- Obesity/genetics
- Obesity/pathology
- PPAR alpha/metabolism
- Plant Proteins/pharmacology
- Receptors, Adiponectin/metabolism
- Receptors, Leptin/deficiency
- Receptors, Leptin/genetics
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Up-Regulation/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashfaq Ahmad
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Tahir Ali
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Woo Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Amjad Khan
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeung Hoon Jo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Shafiq Ur Rehman
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Sohail Khan
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Noman Bin Abid
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Mehtab Khan
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Rahat Ullah
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Gi Jo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong Ok Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea.
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Zuo J, Wang X, Liu Y, Ye J, Liu Q, Li Y, Li S. Integrating Network Pharmacology and Metabolomics Study on Anti-rheumatic Mechanisms and Antagonistic Effects Against Methotrexate-Induced Toxicity of Qing-Luo-Yin. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1472. [PMID: 30618762 PMCID: PMC6305420 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Qing-Luo-Yin (QLY) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula used to treat Hot Syndrome-related rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Previously, we uncovered partial mechanisms involved in the therapeutic actions of QLY on RA. In this study, we further elucidated its anti-rheumatic mechanisms and investigated its possible interactions with methotrexate (MTX) in vivo using an integrating strategy coupled with network pharmacology and metabolomics techniques. Chemical composition of QLY was characterized by HPLC analysis. Collagen induced arthritis (CIA) was developed in male SD rats. The CIA rats were then assigned into different groups, and received QLY, MTX or QLY+MTX treatments according to the pre-arrangement. Therapeutic effects of QLY and its possible interactions with MTX in vivo were evaluated by clinical parameters, digital radiography assessment, histological/immunohistochemical examination, and serological biomarkers. Mechanisms underlying these actions were deciphered with network pharmacology methods, and further validated by metabolomics clues based on UPLC-Q-TOF/MS analysis of urines. Experimental evidences demonstrated that QLY notably alleviated the severity of CIA and protected joints from destruction. Re-balanced levels of hemoglobin and alanine transaminase in serum indicated reduced MTX-induced hepatic injury and myelosuppression under the co-treatment of QLY. Network-based target prediction found dozens of RA related proteins as potential targets of QLY. Upon the further biological function enrichment analysis, we found that a large amount of them were involved in nucleotide metabolism and immune functions. Metabolomics analysis showed that QLY restored amino acids, fatty acids, and energy metabolisms in CIA rats, which solidly supported its therapeutic effects on CIA. Consistently to findings from network pharmacology analysis, metabolomics study also found altered purine, pyrimidine, and pentose phosphate metabolisms in CIA rats receiving QLY treatment. All these clues suggested that inhibition on nucleic acid synthesis was essential to the immunosuppressive activity of QLY in vivo, and could contribute great importance to its therapeutic effects on CIA. Additionally, QLY induced significant antifolate resistance in rats, which would prevent folate from depletion during long-term MTX treatment, and should account for reduced side effects in combination regimen with MTX and QLY.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zuo
- Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Xin Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Bioinformatics Division and Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Center for TCM-X, BNRist, Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Jing Ye
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Qingfei Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Li
- Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Shao Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Bioinformatics Division and Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Center for TCM-X, BNRist, Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Yin J, Ren W, Chen S, Li Y, Han H, Gao J, Liu G, Wu X, Li T, Woo Kim S, Yin Y. Metabolic Regulation of Methionine Restriction in Diabetes. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1700951. [PMID: 29603632 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Although the effects of dietary methionine restriction have been investigated in the physiology of aging and diseases related to oxidative stress, the relationship between methionine restriction (MR) and the development of metabolic disorders has not been explored extensively. This review summarizes studies of the possible involvement of dietary methionine restriction in improving insulin resistance, glucose homeostasis, oxidative stress, lipid metabolism, the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), and inflammation, with an emphasis on the fibroblast growth factor 21 and protein phosphatase 2A signals and autophagy in diabetes. Diets deficient in methionine may be a useful nutritional strategy in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR, China
| | - Wenkai Ren
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product, Safety of Ministry of Education of China, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR, China
| | - Yuying Li
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR, China
| | - Hui Han
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xin Wu
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, PR, China
| | - Tiejun Li
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, PR, China
| | - Sung Woo Kim
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Yulong Yin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, PR, China
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Wang Y, Zhang Y, Su X, Wang H, Yang W, Zan L. Cooperative and Independent Functions of the miR-23a~27a~24-2 Cluster in Bovine Adipocyte Adipogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123957. [PMID: 30544847 PMCID: PMC6321175 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The miR-23a~27a~24-2 cluster is an important regulator in cell metabolism. However, the cooperative and independent functions of this cluster in bovine adipocyte adipogenesis have not been elucidated. In this study, we found that expression of the miR-23a~27a~24-2 cluster was induced during adipogenesis and this cluster acted as a negative regulator of adipogenesis. miR-27a and miR-24-2 were shown to inhibit adipogenesis by directly targeting glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, mitochondrial (GPAM) and diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2), both of which promoted adipogenesis. Meanwhile, miR-23a and miR-24-2 were shown to target decorin (DCN), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), and lipoprotein lipase (LPL), all of which repressed adipogenesis in this study. Thus, the miR-23a~27a~24-2 cluster exhibits a non-canonical regulatory role in bovine adipocyte adipogenesis. To determine how the miR-23a~27a~24-2 cluster inhibits adipogenesis while targeting anti-adipogenic genes, we identified another target gene, fibroblast growth factor 11 (FGF11), a positive regulator of adipogenesis, that was commonly targeted by the entire miR-23a~27a~24-2 cluster. Our findings suggest that the miR-23a~27a~24-2 cluster fine-tunes the regulation of adipogenesis by targeting two types of genes with pro- or anti-adipogenic effects. This balanced regulatory role of miR-23a~27a~24-2 cluster finally repressed adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaning Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China.
| | - Xiaotong Su
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Hongbao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
- National Beef Cattle Improvement Center in China, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Wucai Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
- National Beef Cattle Improvement Center in China, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Linsen Zan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
- National Beef Cattle Improvement Center in China, Yangling 712100, China.
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40
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Immobilized Enzyme Reactors: an Overview of Applications in Drug Discovery from 2008 to 2018. Chromatographia 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-018-3663-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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41
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Sohn JH, Lee YK, Han JS, Jeon YG, Kim JI, Choe SS, Kim SJ, Yoo HJ, Kim JB. Perilipin 1 (Plin1) deficiency promotes inflammatory responses in lean adipose tissue through lipid dysregulation. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:13974-13988. [PMID: 30042231 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.003541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets are specialized cellular organelles that contain neutral lipid metabolites and play dynamic roles in energy homeostasis. Perilipin 1 (Plin1), one of the major lipid droplet-binding proteins, is highly expressed in adipocytes. In mice, Plin1 deficiency impairs peripheral insulin sensitivity, accompanied with reduced fat mass. However, the mechanisms underlying insulin resistance in lean Plin1 knockout (Plin1-/-) mice are largely unknown. The current study demonstrates that Plin1 deficiency promotes inflammatory responses and lipolysis in adipose tissue, resulting in insulin resistance. M1-type adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) were higher in Plin1-/- than in Plin1+/+ mice on normal chow diet. Moreover, using lipidomics analysis, we discovered that Plin1-/- adipocytes promoted secretion of pro-inflammatory lipid metabolites such as prostaglandins, which potentiated monocyte migration. In lean Plin1-/- mice, insulin resistance was relieved by macrophage depletion with clodronate, implying that elevated pro-inflammatory ATMs might be attributable for insulin resistance under Plin1 deficiency. Together, these data suggest that Plin1 is required to restrain fat loss and pro-inflammatory responses in adipose tissue by reducing futile lipolysis to maintain metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Hyung Sohn
- From the National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Adipose Tissue Remodeling, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul KS013 and
| | - Yun Kyung Lee
- From the National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Adipose Tissue Remodeling, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul KS013 and
| | - Ji Seul Han
- From the National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Adipose Tissue Remodeling, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul KS013 and
| | - Yong Geun Jeon
- From the National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Adipose Tissue Remodeling, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul KS013 and
| | - Jong In Kim
- From the National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Adipose Tissue Remodeling, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul KS013 and
| | - Sung Sik Choe
- From the National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Adipose Tissue Remodeling, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul KS013 and
| | - Su Jung Kim
- the Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul KS013, South Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Yoo
- the Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul KS013, South Korea
| | - Jae Bum Kim
- From the National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Adipose Tissue Remodeling, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul KS013 and
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42
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Park YJ, Park J, Huh JY, Hwang I, Choe SS, Kim JB. Regulatory Roles of Invariant Natural Killer T Cells in Adipose Tissue Inflammation: Defenders Against Obesity-Induced Metabolic Complications. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1311. [PMID: 29951059 PMCID: PMC6008523 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a metabolic organ that plays a central role in controlling systemic energy homeostasis. Compelling evidence indicates that immune system is closely linked to healthy physiologic functions and pathologic dysfunction of adipose tissue. In obesity, the accumulation of pro-inflammatory responses in adipose tissue subsequently leads to dysfunction of adipose tissue as well as whole body energy homeostasis. Simultaneously, adipose tissue also activates anti-inflammatory responses in an effort to reduce the unfavorable effects of pro-inflammation. Notably, the interplay between adipocytes and resident invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells is a major component of defensive mechanisms of adipose tissue. iNKT cells are leukocytes that recognize lipids loaded on CD1d as antigens, whereas most other immune cells are activated by peptide antigens. In adipose tissue, adipocytes directly interact with iNKT cells by presenting lipid antigens and stimulate iNKT cell activation to alleviate pro-inflammation. In this review, we provide an overview of the molecular and cellular determinants of obesity-induced adipose tissue inflammation. Specifically, we focus on the roles of iNKT cell-adipocyte interaction in maintaining adipose tissue homeostasis as well as the consequent modulation in systemic energy metabolism. We also briefly discuss future research directions regarding the interplay between adipocytes and adipose iNKT cells in adipose tissue inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Jeong Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Adipose Tissue Remodeling, College of Natural Sciences, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biophysics and Chemical Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeu Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Adipose Tissue Remodeling, College of Natural Sciences, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin Young Huh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Adipose Tissue Remodeling, College of Natural Sciences, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Injae Hwang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Adipose Tissue Remodeling, College of Natural Sciences, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung Sik Choe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Adipose Tissue Remodeling, College of Natural Sciences, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Bum Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Adipose Tissue Remodeling, College of Natural Sciences, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biophysics and Chemical Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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43
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Veeramani C, Alsaif MA, Al-Numair KS. Herbacetin, a flaxseed flavonoid, ameliorates high percent dietary fat induced insulin resistance and lipid accumulation through the regulation of hepatic lipid metabolizing and lipid-regulating enzymes. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 288:49-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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44
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Buj R, Aird KM. Deoxyribonucleotide Triphosphate Metabolism in Cancer and Metabolic Disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:177. [PMID: 29720963 PMCID: PMC5915462 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of a healthy deoxyribonucleotide triphosphate (dNTP) pool is critical for the proper replication and repair of both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA. Temporal, spatial, and ratio imbalances of the four dNTPs have been shown to have a mutagenic and cytotoxic effect. It is, therefore, essential for cell homeostasis to maintain the balance between the processes of dNTP biosynthesis and degradation. Multiple oncogenic signaling pathways, such as c-Myc, p53, and mTORC1 feed into dNTP metabolism, and there is a clear role for dNTP imbalances in cancer initiation and progression. Additionally, multiple chemotherapeutics target these pathways to inhibit nucleotide synthesis. Less is understood about the role for dNTP levels in metabolic disorders and syndromes and whether alterations in dNTP levels change cancer incidence in these patients. For instance, while deficiencies in some metabolic pathways known to play a role in nucleotide synthesis are pro-tumorigenic (e.g., p53 mutations), others confer an advantage against the onset of cancer (G6PD). More recent evidence indicates that there are changes in nucleotide metabolism in diabetes, obesity, and insulin resistance; however, whether these changes play a mechanistic role is unclear. In this review, we will address the complex network of metabolic pathways, whereby cells can fuel dNTP biosynthesis and catabolism in cancer, and we will discuss the potential role for this pathway in metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katherine M. Aird
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
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45
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Shakespear MR, Iyer A, Cheng CY, Das Gupta K, Singhal A, Fairlie DP, Sweet MJ. Lysine Deacetylases and Regulated Glycolysis in Macrophages. Trends Immunol 2018; 39:473-488. [PMID: 29567326 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Regulated cellular metabolism has emerged as a fundamental process controlling macrophage functions, but there is still much to uncover about the precise signaling mechanisms involved. Lysine acetylation regulates the activity, stability, and/or localization of metabolic enzymes, as well as inflammatory responses, in macrophages. Two protein families, the classical zinc-dependent histone deacetylases (HDACs) and the NAD-dependent HDACs (sirtuins, SIRTs), mediate lysine deacetylation. We describe here mechanisms by which classical HDACs and SIRTs directly regulate specific glycolytic enzymes, as well as evidence that links these protein deacetylases to the regulation of glycolysis-related genes. In these contexts, we discuss HDACs and SIRTs as key control points for regulating immunometabolism and inflammatory outputs from macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie R Shakespear
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Abishek Iyer
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Catherine Youting Cheng
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Kaustav Das Gupta
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Amit Singhal
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore; Vaccine and Infectious Disease Research Centre (VIDRC), Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), National Capital Region (NCR) Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - David P Fairlie
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Matthew J Sweet
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
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46
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Abstract
Obesity-induced adipose tissue inflammation is regulated by various immune cells for innate and adaptive immunity. Among adipose tissue immune cells, it has been proposed that invariant Natural Killer T (iNKT) cells play crucial roles in anti-inflammatory responses in obesity. iNKT cells recognize 'lipid' antigens loaded on CD1d of antigen presenting cells and modulate immune responses by secreting Th1 or Th2 type cytokines depending on species of lipid antigens, antigen presenting cell types, and environmental cytokine milieu. However, the regulatory mechanisms of antigen presenting cells for adipose iNKT cell stimulation have not been clearly elucidated. Recently, we have reported that CD1d expressing adipocytes could act as an antigen presenting cell for adipose iNKT cells by characterization of adipocyte-specific CD1d knockout (CD1dADKO) mice. Upon high-fat diet (HFD) feeding, CD1dADKO mice aggravated adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance compared with CD1df/f mice. In this commentary, we provide the additional data of adipocyte CD1d-dependent regulation of adipose iNKT cell responses as well as systemic insulin sensitivity. In addition, we discuss how the interaction between adipocytes and iNKT cells would be regulated with the progression of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Young Huh
- Department of Biological Science, Institute of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Yoon Jeong Park
- Department of Biological Science, Institute of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biophysics and Chemical Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Bum Kim
- Department of Biological Science, Institute of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biophysics and Chemical Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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47
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Gu C, Yang Y, Xiang H, Li S, Liang L, Sui H, Zhan L, Lu X. Deciphering bacterial community changes in zucker diabetic fatty rats based on 16S rRNA gene sequences analysis. Oncotarget 2018; 7:48941-48952. [PMID: 27418144 PMCID: PMC5226482 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present pilot study was deciphering bacterial community changes in Zucker diabetic fatty rats (ZDF rats), a model of type 2 diabetes. Recent studies unmasked that the status of gastrointestinal tract microbiota has a marked impact on nutrition-related syndromes such as obesity and type-2 diabetes (T2D). In this study, samples taken from the gastrointestinal tracts (GI tracts) of ZDF and their lean littermates (ZL rats) were subjected to 16S rRNA gene sequence-based analysis to examine the characteristic bacterial communities, including those located in the stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum and feces. Results revealed that the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was increased and greater numbers of Lactobacillus were detected along GI tracts in ZDF rats compared to ZL rats. In conclusion, this work is the first study to systematically characterize bacterial communities along ZDF rat GI tract and provides substantial evidence supporting a prospective strategy to alter the GI microbial communities improving obesity and T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Gu
- Basic Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ye Yang
- Basic Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong Xiang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Shu Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Lina Liang
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Hua Sui
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Libin Zhan
- Basic Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaoguang Lu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
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48
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Nadeem A, Al-Harbi NO, Ahmad SF, Ibrahim KE, Siddiqui N, Al-Harbi MM. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase inhibition attenuates acute lung injury through reduction in NADPH oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species. Clin Exp Immunol 2018; 191:279-287. [PMID: 29277898 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a heterogeneous disease with the hallmarks of alveolar capillary membrane injury, increased pulmonary oedema and pulmonary inflammation. The most common direct aetiological factor for ALI is usually parenchymal lung infection or haemorrhage. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NOX2) are thought to play an important role in the pathophysiology of ALI. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) plays an important role both in production of ROS as well as their removal through the supply of NADPH. However, how G6PD modulation affects NOX2-mediated ROS in the airway epithelial cells (AECs) during acute lung injury has not been explored previously. Therefore, we investigated the effect of G6PD inhibitor, 6-aminonicotinamide on G6PD activity, NOX2 expression, ROS production and enzymatic anti-oxidants in AECs in a mouse model of ALI induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). ALI led to increased G6PD activity in the AECs with concomitant elevation of NOX2, ROS, SOD1 and nitrotyrosine. G6PD inhibitor led to reduction of LPS-induced airway inflammation, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid protein concentration as well as NOX2-derived ROS and subsequent oxidative stress. Conversely, ALI led to decreased glutathione reductase activity in AECs, which was normalized by G6PD inhibitor. These data show that activation of G6PD is associated with enhancement of oxidative inflammation in during ALI. Therefore, inhibition of G6PD might be a beneficial strategy during ALI to limit oxidative damage and ameliorate airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nadeem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - N O Al-Harbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - S F Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - K E Ibrahim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - N Siddiqui
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - M M Al-Harbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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49
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RNF20 Suppresses Tumorigenesis by Inhibiting the SREBP1c-PTTG1 Axis in Kidney Cancer. Mol Cell Biol 2017; 37:MCB.00265-17. [PMID: 28827316 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00265-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated lipid metabolism promotes cancer cell proliferation. Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common subtype of kidney cancers, characterized by ectopic lipid accumulation. However, the relationship between aberrant lipid metabolism and tumorigenesis in ccRCC is not thoroughly understood. Here, we demonstrate that ring finger protein 20 (RNF20) acts as a tumor suppressor in ccRCC. RNF20 overexpression repressed lipogenesis and cell proliferation by inhibiting sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP1c), and SREBP1 suppression, either by knockdown or by the pharmacological inhibitor betulin, attenuated proliferation and cell cycle progression in ccRCC cells. Notably, SREBP1c regulates cell cycle progression by inducing the expression of pituitary tumor-transforming gene 1 (PTTG1), a novel target gene of SREBP1c. Furthermore, RNF20 overexpression reduced tumor growth and lipid storage in xenografts. In ccRCC patients, RNF20 downregulation and SREBP1 activation are markers of poor prognosis. Therefore, RNF20 suppresses tumorigenesis in ccRCC by inhibiting the SREBP1c-PTTG1 axis.
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50
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Macrophage VLDLR mediates obesity-induced insulin resistance with adipose tissue inflammation. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1087. [PMID: 29057873 PMCID: PMC5651811 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01232-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is closely associated with increased adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs), which contribute to systemic insulin resistance and altered lipid metabolism by creating a pro-inflammatory environment. Very low-density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR) is involved in lipoprotein uptake and storage. However, whether lipid uptake via VLDLR in macrophages affects obesity-induced inflammatory responses and insulin resistance is not well understood. Here we show that elevated VLDLR expression in ATMs promotes adipose tissue inflammation and glucose intolerance in obese mice. In macrophages, VLDL treatment upregulates intracellular levels of C16:0 ceramides in a VLDLR-dependent manner, which potentiates pro-inflammatory responses and promotes M1-like macrophage polarization. Adoptive transfer of VLDLR knockout bone marrow to wild-type mice relieves adipose tissue inflammation and improves insulin resistance in diet-induced obese mice. These findings suggest that increased VLDL-VLDLR signaling in ATMs aggravates adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance in obesity. VLDLR regulates cellular lipoprotein uptake and storage. Here, the authors show that VLDLR, expressed on adipose tissue macrophages, is upregulated in obesity and promotes adipose tissue inflammation by upregulating ceramide production and facilitating M1-like macrophage polarization.
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