1
|
Sun WD, Zhu XJ, Li JJ, Mei YZ, Li WS, Li JH. Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT): a novel therapeutic target for metabolic syndrome. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1410479. [PMID: 38919254 PMCID: PMC11196770 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1410479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) represents a constellation of metabolic abnormalities, typified by obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia, and hyperlipidemia. It stems from intricate dysregulations in metabolic pathways governing energy and substrate metabolism. While comprehending the precise etiological mechanisms of MetS remains challenging, evidence underscores the pivotal roles of aberrations in lipid metabolism and insulin resistance (IR) in its pathogenesis. Notably, nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) has recently surfaced as a promising therapeutic target for addressing MetS. Single nucleotide variants in the NNMT gene are significantly correlated with disturbances in energy metabolism, obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D), hyperlipidemia, and hypertension. Elevated NNMT gene expression is notably observed in the liver and white adipose tissue (WAT) of individuals with diabetic mice, obesity, and rats afflicted with MetS. Knockdown of NNMT elicits heightened energy expenditure in adipose and hepatic tissues, mitigates lipid accumulation, and enhances insulin sensitivity. NNMT catalyzes the methylation of nicotinamide (NAM) using S-adenosyl-methionine (SAM) as the donor methyl group, resulting in the formation of S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine (SAH) and methylnicotinamide (MNAM). This enzymatic process results in the depletion of NAM, a precursor of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), and the generation of SAH, a precursor of homocysteine (Hcy). Consequently, this cascade leads to reduced NAD+ levels and elevated Hcy levels, implicating NNMT in the pathogenesis of MetS. Moreover, experimental studies employing RNA interference (RNAi) strategies and small molecule inhibitors targeting NNMT have underscored its potential as a therapeutic target for preventing or treating MetS-related diseases. Nonetheless, the precise mechanistic underpinnings remain elusive, and as of yet, clinical trials focusing on NNMT have not been documented. Therefore, further investigations are warranted to elucidate the intricate roles of NNMT in MetS and to develop targeted therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jiang-Hua Li
- Key Lab of Aquatic Training Monitoring and Intervention of General Administration of Sport of China, Physical Education College, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang YC, Chin Koay Y, Pan C, Zhou Z, Wilson Tang WH, Wilcox J, Li XS, Zagouras A, Marques F, Allayee H, Rey FE, Kaye DM, O’Sullivan JF, Hazen SL, Cao Y, Lusis AJ. Indole-3-Propionic Acid Protects Against Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction. Circ Res 2024; 134:371-389. [PMID: 38264909 PMCID: PMC10923103 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.322381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a common but poorly understood form of heart failure, characterized by impaired diastolic function. It is highly heterogeneous with multiple comorbidities, including obesity and diabetes, making human studies difficult. METHODS Metabolomic analyses in a mouse model of HFpEF showed that levels of indole-3-propionic acid (IPA), a metabolite produced by gut bacteria from tryptophan, were reduced in the plasma and heart tissue of HFpEF mice as compared with controls. We then examined the role of IPA in mouse models of HFpEF as well as 2 human HFpEF cohorts. RESULTS The protective role and therapeutic effects of IPA were confirmed in mouse models of HFpEF using IPA dietary supplementation. IPA attenuated diastolic dysfunction, metabolic remodeling, oxidative stress, inflammation, gut microbiota dysbiosis, and intestinal epithelial barrier damage. In the heart, IPA suppressed the expression of NNMT (nicotinamide N-methyl transferase), restored nicotinamide, NAD+/NADH, and SIRT3 (sirtuin 3) levels. IPA mediates the protective effects on diastolic dysfunction, at least in part, by promoting the expression of SIRT3. SIRT3 regulation was mediated by IPA binding to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, as Sirt3 knockdown diminished the effects of IPA on diastolic dysfunction in vivo. The role of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide circuit in HFpEF was further confirmed by nicotinamide supplementation, Nnmt knockdown, and Nnmt overexpression in vivo. IPA levels were significantly reduced in patients with HFpEF in 2 independent human cohorts, consistent with a protective function in humans, as well as mice. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal that IPA protects against diastolic dysfunction in HFpEF by enhancing the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide salvage pathway, suggesting the possibility of therapeutic management by either altering the gut microbiome composition or supplementing the diet with IPA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chen Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, and Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yen Chin Koay
- Cardiometabolic Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Calvin Pan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, and Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, and Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - W. H. Wilson Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland OH
| | - Jennifer Wilcox
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland OH
| | - Xinmin S. Li
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland OH
| | | | - Francine Marques
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Hooman Allayee
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Institute for Genetic Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9075, USA
| | - Federico E Rey
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - David M. Kaye
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - John F. O’Sullivan
- Cardiometabolic Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Stanley L. Hazen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland OH
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland OH
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Aldons J. Lusis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, and Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pugel AD, Schoenfeld AM, Alsaifi SZ, Holmes JR, Morrison BE. The Role of NAD + and NAD +-Boosting Therapies in Inflammatory Response by IL-13. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:226. [PMID: 38399441 PMCID: PMC10893221 DOI: 10.3390/ph17020226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The essential role of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide+ (NAD+) in redox reactions during oxidative respiration is well known, yet the coenzyme and regulator functions of NAD+ in diverse and important processes are still being discovered. Maintaining NAD+ levels through diet is essential for health. In fact, the United States requires supplementation of the NAD+ precursor niacin into the food chain for these reasons. A large body of research also indicates that elevating NAD+ levels is beneficial for numerous conditions, including cancer, cardiovascular health, inflammatory response, and longevity. Consequently, strategies have been created to elevate NAD+ levels through dietary supplementation with NAD+ precursor compounds. This paper explores current research regarding these therapeutic compounds. It then focuses on the NAD+ regulation of IL-13 signaling, which is a research area garnering little attention. IL-13 is a critical regulator of allergic response and is associated with Parkinson's disease and cancer. Evidence supporting the notion that increasing NAD+ levels might reduce IL-13 signal-induced inflammatory response is presented. The assessment is concluded with an examination of reports involving popular precursor compounds that boost NAD+ and their associations with IL-13 signaling in the context of offering a means for safely and effectively reducing inflammatory response by IL-13.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anton D. Pugel
- Biomolecular Ph.D. Program, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA;
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA; (A.M.S.); (S.Z.A.); (J.R.H.)
| | - Alyssa M. Schoenfeld
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA; (A.M.S.); (S.Z.A.); (J.R.H.)
| | - Sara Z. Alsaifi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA; (A.M.S.); (S.Z.A.); (J.R.H.)
| | - Jocelyn R. Holmes
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA; (A.M.S.); (S.Z.A.); (J.R.H.)
| | - Brad E. Morrison
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA; (A.M.S.); (S.Z.A.); (J.R.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Alcolea JA, Donat-Vargas C, Chatziioannou AC, Keski-Rahkonen P, Robinot N, Molina AJ, Amiano P, Gómez-Acebo I, Castaño-Vinyals G, Maitre L, Chadeau-Hyam M, Dagnino S, Cheng SL, Scalbert A, Vineis P, Kogevinas M, Villanueva CM. Metabolomic Signatures of Exposure to Nitrate and Trihalomethanes in Drinking Water and Colorectal Cancer Risk in a Spanish Multicentric Study (MCC-Spain). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:19316-19329. [PMID: 37962559 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c05814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the metabolomic profile associated with exposure to trihalomethanes (THMs) and nitrate in drinking water and with colorectal cancer risk in 296 cases and 295 controls from the Multi Case-Control Spain project. Untargeted metabolomic analysis was conducted in blood samples using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. A variety of univariate and multivariate association analyses were conducted after data quality control, normalization, and imputation. Linear regression and partial least-squares analyses were conducted for chloroform, brominated THMs, total THMs, and nitrate among controls and for case-control status, together with a N-integration model discriminating colorectal cancer cases from controls through interrogation of correlations between the exposure variables and the metabolomic features. Results revealed a total of 568 metabolomic features associated with at least one water contaminant or colorectal cancer. Annotated metabolites and pathway analysis suggest a number of pathways as potentially involved in the link between exposure to these water contaminants and colorectal cancer, including nicotinamide, cytochrome P-450, and tyrosine metabolism. These findings provide insights into the underlying biological mechanisms and potential biomarkers associated with water contaminant exposure and colorectal cancer risk. Further research in this area is needed to better understand the causal relationship and the public health implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jose A Alcolea
- ISGlobal, c/Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Avenida Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), c/Doctor Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Carolina Donat-Vargas
- ISGlobal, c/Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Avenida Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), c/Doctor Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | | | - Pekka Keski-Rahkonen
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, 25 avenue Tony Garnier, CS 90627 69366, Lyon, France
| | - Nivonirina Robinot
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, 25 avenue Tony Garnier, CS 90627 69366, Lyon, France
| | - Antonio José Molina
- Research Group in Gene - Environment and Health Interactions (GIIGAS)/Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), Universidad de León, Campus Universitario de Vegazana, León 24071, Spain
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Area of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad de León, Campus Universitario de Vegazana, León 24071, Spain
| | - Pilar Amiano
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Avenida Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Ministry of Health of the Basque Government, Sub Directorate for Public Health and Addictions of Gipuzkoa; BioGipuzkoa (BioDonostia) Health Research Institute, San Sebastián 20013, Spain
| | - Inés Gómez-Acebo
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Avenida Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Universidad de Cantabria-IDIVAL, Avenida Cardenal Herrera Oria S/N, Santander 39011, Spain
| | - Gemma Castaño-Vinyals
- ISGlobal, c/Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Avenida Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), c/Doctor Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), c/Doctor Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Lea Maitre
- ISGlobal, c/Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Avenida Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), c/Doctor Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Marc Chadeau-Hyam
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom
| | - Sonia Dagnino
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom
- Transporters in Imaging and Radiotherapy in Oncology (TIRO), School of Medicine, Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale (DRF), Institut des Sciences du Vivant Frédéric Joliot, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), 28 Avenue de Valombrose, Nice 06107, France
| | - Sibo Lucas Cheng
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom
| | - Augustin Scalbert
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, 25 avenue Tony Garnier, CS 90627 69366, Lyon, France
| | - Paolo Vineis
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom
| | - Manolis Kogevinas
- ISGlobal, c/Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Avenida Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), c/Doctor Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), c/Doctor Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Cristina M Villanueva
- ISGlobal, c/Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Avenida Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), c/Doctor Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), c/Doctor Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liang J, Huang F, Song Z, Tang R, Zhang P, Chen R. Impact of NAD+ metabolism on ovarian aging. Immun Ageing 2023; 20:70. [PMID: 38041117 PMCID: PMC10693113 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-023-00398-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), a crucial coenzyme in cellular redox reactions, is closely associated with age-related functional degeneration and metabolic diseases. NAD exerts direct and indirect influences on many crucial cellular functions, including metabolic pathways, DNA repair, chromatin remodeling, cellular senescence, and immune cell functionality. These cellular processes and functions are essential for maintaining tissue and metabolic homeostasis, as well as healthy aging. Causality has been elucidated between a decline in NAD levels and multiple age-related diseases, which has been confirmed by various strategies aimed at increasing NAD levels in the preclinical setting. Ovarian aging is recognized as a natural process characterized by a decline in follicle number and function, resulting in decreased estrogen production and menopause. In this regard, it is necessary to address the many factors involved in this complicated procedure, which could improve fertility in women of advanced maternal age. Concerning the decrease in NAD+ levels as ovarian aging progresses, promising and exciting results are presented for strategies using NAD+ precursors to promote NAD+ biosynthesis, which could substantially improve oocyte quality and alleviate ovarian aging. Hence, to acquire further insights into NAD+ metabolism and biology, this review aims to probe the factors affecting ovarian aging, the characteristics of NAD+ precursors, and the current research status of NAD+ supplementation in ovarian aging. Specifically, by gaining a comprehensive understanding of these aspects, we are optimistic about the prominent progress that will be made in both research and therapy related to ovarian aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinghui Liang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Feiling Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Zhaoqi Song
- School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Ruiyi Tang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Rare Disease Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China.
| | - Rong Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Beijing, 100730, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Roy RV, Means N, Rao G, Asfa S, Madka V, Dey A, Zhang Y, Choudhury M, Fung KM, Dhanasekaran DN, Friedman JE, Crawford HC, Rao CV, Bhattacharya R, Mukherjee P. Pancreatic Ubap2 deletion regulates glucose tolerance, inflammation, and protection from cerulein-induced pancreatitis. Cancer Lett 2023; 578:216455. [PMID: 37865160 PMCID: PMC10897936 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitin-binding associated protein 2 (UBAP2) is reported to promote macropinocytosis and pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) growth, however, its role in normal pancreatic function remains unknown. We addressed this knowledge gap by generating UBAP2 knockout (U2KO) mice under a pancreas-specific Cre recombinase (Pdx1-Cre). Pancreatic architecture remained intact in U2KO animals, but they demonstrated slight glucose intolerance compared to controls. Upon cerulein challenge to induce pancreatitis, U2KO animals had reduced levels of several pancreatitis-relevant cytokines, amylase and lipase in the serum, reduced tissue damage, and lessened neutrophil infiltration into the pancreatic tissue. Mechanistically, cerulein-challenged U2KO animals revealed reduced NF-κB activation compared to controls. In vitro promoter binding studies confirmed the reduction of NF-κB binding to its target molecules supporting UBAP2 as a new regulator of inflammation in pancreatitis and may be exploited as a therapeutic target in future to inhibit pancreatitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ram Vinod Roy
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Nicolas Means
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Geeta Rao
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Sima Asfa
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Venkateshwar Madka
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Anindya Dey
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Yushan Zhang
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Monalisa Choudhury
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Kar-Ming Fung
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Danny N Dhanasekaran
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Jacob E Friedman
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Howard C Crawford
- Department of Surgery, Henry Ford Pancreatic Cancer Center, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Chinthalapally V Rao
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Resham Bhattacharya
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Priyabrata Mukherjee
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhen X, Sun Y, Lin H, Huang Y, Liu T, Li Y, Peng H. Elucidating the role of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase-p53 axis in the progression of chronic kidney disease. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16301. [PMID: 37953778 PMCID: PMC10638915 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a significant global health issue characterized by progressive loss of kidney function. Renal interstitial fibrosis (TIF) is a common feature of CKD, but current treatments are seldom effective in reversing TIF. Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) has been found to increase in kidneys with TIF, but its role in renal fibrosis is unclear. Methods Using mice with unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and cultured renal interstitial fibroblast cells (NRK-49F) stimulated with transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), we investigated the function of NNMT in vivo and in vitro. Results We performed single-cell transcriptome sequencing (scRNA-seq) on the kidneys of mice and found that NNMT increased mainly in fibroblasts of UUO mice compared to sham mice. Additionally, NNMT was positively correlated with the expression of renal fibrosis-related genes after UUO injury. Knocking down NNMT expression reduced fibroblast activation and was accompanied by an increase in DNA methylation of p53 and a decrease in its phosphorylation. Conclusions Our findings suggest that chronic kidney injury leads to an accumulation of NNMT, which might decrease p53 methylation, and increase the expression and activity of p53. We propose that NNMT promotes fibroblast activation and renal fibrosis, making NNMT a novel target for preventing and treating renal fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhen
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuxiang Sun
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongchun Lin
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuebo Huang
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tianwei Liu
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuanqing Li
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Peng
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hounchonou HF, Tang H, Paulat R, Kühn A, Spranger J, van Riesen C, Maurer L. Continuous deep brain stimulation of the nucleus accumbens reduces food intake but does not affect body weight in mice fed a high-fat diet. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18952. [PMID: 37919311 PMCID: PMC10622429 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45511-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an enormous health problem, and many patients do not respond to any of the available therapies. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is currently investigated as a potential treatment for morbid obesity. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that high-frequency DBS targeting the nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell region reduces food intake and weight gain in mice fed a high-fat diet. We implanted male C57BL/6J mice with bilateral electrodes and a head-mounted microstimulator enabling continuous stimulation for up to 5 weeks. In successfully operated animals (n = 9 per group, high-frequency vs. sham stimulation), we investigated immediate and long-term stimulation effects on metabolic and behavioral phenotypes. Here we show that stimulation acutely induced a transient reduction in energy expenditure and locomotor activity but did not significantly affect spontaneous food intake, social interaction, anxiety or exploratory behaviors. In contrast, continuous stimulation over 5 weeks led to a decrease in food intake and thigmotaxis (the tendency to stay near walls in an open lit arena). However, chronic stimulation did not substantially change weight gain in mice fed a high-fat diet. Our results do not support the use of continuous high-frequency NAc shell DBS as a treatment for obesity. However, DBS can alter obesity-related parameters with differing short and long-term effects. Therefore, future research should employ time and context-sensitive experimental designs to assess the potential of DBS for clinical translation in this area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harold F Hounchonou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Max Rubner Center for Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal Research, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hui Tang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Max Rubner Center for Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal Research, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Raik Paulat
- Movement Disorder and Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Kühn
- Movement Disorder and Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joachim Spranger
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Max Rubner Center for Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal Research, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph van Riesen
- Movement Disorder and Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lukas Maurer
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- Max Rubner Center for Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal Research, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Song Q, Wang J, Griffiths A, Lee SM, Iyamu ID, Huang R, Cordoba-Chacon J, Song Z. Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase upregulation contributes to palmitate-elicited peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor transactivation in hepatocytes. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 325:C29-C41. [PMID: 37212549 PMCID: PMC10259858 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00010.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) plays a pivotal role in regulating lipid metabolism and hepatic PPARγ transactivation contributes to fatty liver development. Fatty acids (FAs) are well-known endogenous ligands for PPARγ. Palmitate, a 16-C saturated FA (SFA) and the most abundant SFA in human circulation, is a strong inducer of hepatic lipotoxicity, a central pathogenic factor for various fatty liver diseases. In this study, using both alpha mouse liver 12 (AML12) and primary mouse hepatocytes, we investigated the effects of palmitate on hepatic PPARγ transactivation and underlying mechanisms, as well as the role of PPARγ transactivation in palmitate-induced hepatic lipotoxicity, all of which remain ambiguous currently. Our data revealed that palmitate exposure was concomitant with both PPARγ transactivation and upregulation of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT), a methyltransferase catalyzing the degradation of nicotinamide, the predominant precursor for cellular NAD+ biosynthesis. Importantly, we discovered that PPARγ transactivation by palmitate was blunted by NNMT inhibition, suggesting that NNMT upregulation plays a mechanistic role in PPARγ transactivation. Further investigations uncovered that palmitate exposure is associated with intracellular NAD+ decline and NAD+ replenishment with NAD+-enhancing agents, nicotinamide and nicotinamide riboside, obstructed palmitate-induced PPARγ transactivation, implying that cellular NAD+ decline resulted from NNMT upregulation represents a potential mechanism behind palmitate-elicited PPARγ transactivation. At last, our data showed that the PPARγ transactivation marginally ameliorated palmitate-induced intracellular triacylglycerol accumulation and cell death. Collectively, our data provided the first-line evidence supporting that NNMT upregulation plays a mechanistic role in palmitate-elicited PPARγ transactivation, potentially through reducing cellular NAD+ contents.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Hepatic PPARγ transactivation contributes to fatty liver development. Saturated fatty acids (SFAs) induce hepatic lipotoxicity. Here, we investigated whether and how palmitate, the most abundant SFA in the human blood, affects PPARγ transactivation in hepatocytes. We reported for the first time that upregulation of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT), a methyltransferase catalyzing the degradation of nicotinamide, the predominant precursor for cellular NAD+ biosynthesis, plays a mechanistic role in regulating palmitate-elicited PPARγ transactivation through reducing intracellular NAD+ contents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Song
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Alexandra Griffiths
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Samuel Man Lee
- Division of Endocrinology/Diabetes & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Iredia D Iyamu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States
| | - Rong Huang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States
| | - Jose Cordoba-Chacon
- Division of Endocrinology/Diabetes & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Zhenyuan Song
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Roberti A, Tejedor JR, Díaz-Moreno I, López V, Santamarina-Ojeda P, Pérez RF, Urdinguio RG, Concellón C, Martínez-Chantar ML, Fernández-Morera JL, Díaz-Quintana A, Del Amo V, Fernández AF, Fraga MF. Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) regulates the glucocorticoid signaling pathway during the early phase of adipogenesis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8293. [PMID: 37217546 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34916-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with adipose tissue dysfunction through the differentiation and expansion of pre-adipocytes to adipocytes (hyperplasia) and/or increases in size of pre-existing adipocytes (hypertrophy). A cascade of transcriptional events coordinates the differentiation of pre-adipocytes into fully differentiated adipocytes; the process of adipogenesis. Although nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) has been associated with obesity, how NNMT is regulated during adipogenesis, and the underlying regulatory mechanisms, remain undefined. In present study we used genetic and pharmacological approaches to elucidate the molecular signals driving NNMT activation and its role during adipogenesis. Firstly, we demonstrated that during the early phase of adipocyte differentiation NNMT is transactivated by CCAAT/Enhancer Binding Protein beta (CEBPB) in response to glucocorticoid (GC) induction. We found that Nnmt knockout, using CRISPR/Cas9 approach, impaired terminal adipogenesis by influencing the timing of cellular commitment and cell cycle exit during mitotic clonal expansion, as demonstrated by cell cycle analysis and RNA sequencing experiments. Biochemical and computational methods showed that a novel small molecule, called CC-410, stably binds to and highly specifically inhibits NNMT. CC-410 was, therefore, used to modulate protein activity during pre-adipocyte differentiation stages, demonstrating that, in line with the genetic approach, chemical inhibition of NNMT at the early stages of adipogenesis impairs terminal differentiation by deregulating the GC network. These congruent results conclusively demonstrate that NNMT is a key component of the GC-CEBP axis during the early stages of adipogenesis and could be a potential therapeutic target for both early-onset obesity and glucocorticoid-induced obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Roberti
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 33940, El Entrego, Spain
- Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation in Asturias (FINBA), 33011, Oviedo, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), Av. del Hospital Universitario, 33011, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- University Institute of Oncology (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juan Ramon Tejedor
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 33940, El Entrego, Spain
- Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation in Asturias (FINBA), 33011, Oviedo, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), Av. del Hospital Universitario, 33011, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- University Institute of Oncology (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Díaz-Moreno
- Institute for Chemical Research (IIQ), Scientific Research Centre Isla de la Cartuja (cicCartuja), University of Seville - Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Seville, Spain
| | - Virginia López
- Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation in Asturias (FINBA), 33011, Oviedo, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), Av. del Hospital Universitario, 33011, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- University Institute of Oncology (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Pablo Santamarina-Ojeda
- Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation in Asturias (FINBA), 33011, Oviedo, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), Av. del Hospital Universitario, 33011, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- University Institute of Oncology (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raúl F Pérez
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 33940, El Entrego, Spain
- Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation in Asturias (FINBA), 33011, Oviedo, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), Av. del Hospital Universitario, 33011, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- University Institute of Oncology (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío G Urdinguio
- Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation in Asturias (FINBA), 33011, Oviedo, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), Av. del Hospital Universitario, 33011, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- University Institute of Oncology (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Concellón
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - María Luz Martínez-Chantar
- Liver Disease Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance, Derio, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Luis Fernández-Morera
- Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation in Asturias (FINBA), 33011, Oviedo, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), Av. del Hospital Universitario, 33011, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Vital Alvarez Buylla (HVAB), 33611, Mieres, Spain
| | - Antonio Díaz-Quintana
- Institute for Chemical Research (IIQ), Scientific Research Centre Isla de la Cartuja (cicCartuja), University of Seville - Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Seville, Spain
| | - Vicente Del Amo
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Agustín F Fernández
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 33940, El Entrego, Spain.
- Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation in Asturias (FINBA), 33011, Oviedo, Spain.
- Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), Av. del Hospital Universitario, 33011, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
- University Institute of Oncology (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, 33006, Oviedo, Spain.
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mario F Fraga
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 33940, El Entrego, Spain.
- Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation in Asturias (FINBA), 33011, Oviedo, Spain.
- Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), Av. del Hospital Universitario, 33011, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
- University Institute of Oncology (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, 33006, Oviedo, Spain.
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Both prolonged high-fat diet consumption and calorie restriction boost hepatic NAD+ metabolism in mice. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 115:109296. [PMID: 36849030 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic NAD+ homeostasis is essential to metabolic flexibility upon energy balance challenges. The molecular mechanism is unclear. This study aimed to determine how the enzymes involved in NAD+ salvage (Nampt, Nmnat1, Nrk1), clearance (Nnmt, Aox1, Cyp2e1), and consumption pathways (Sirt1, Sirt3, Sirt6, Parp1, Cd38) were regulated in the liver upon energy overload or shortage, as well as their relationships with glucose and lipid metabolism. Male C57BL/6N mice were fed ad libitum with the CHOW diet, high-fat diet (HFD), or subjected to 40% calorie restriction (CR) CHOW diet for 16 weeks respectively. HFD feeding increased hepatic lipids content and inflammatory markers, while lipids accumulation was not changed by CR. Both HFD feeding and CR elevated the hepatic NAD+ levels, as well as gene and protein levels of Nampt and Nmnat1. Furthermore, both HFD feeding and CR lowered acetylation of PGC-1α in parallel with the reduced hepatic lipogenesis and enhanced fatty acid oxidation, while CR enhanced hepatic AMPK activity and gluconeogenesis. Hepatic Nampt and Nnmt gene expression negatively correlated with fasting plasma glucose levels concomitant with positive correlations with Pck1 gene expression. Nrk1 and Cyp2e1 gene expression positively correlated with fat mass and plasma cholesterol levels, as well as Srebf1 gene expression. These data highlight that hepatic NAD+ metabolism will be induced for either the down-regulation of lipogenesis upon over nutrition or up-regulation of gluconeogenesis in response to CR, thus contributing to the hepatic metabolic flexibility upon energy balance challenges.
Collapse
|
12
|
Zimmermann T, Thomas L, Baader-Pagler T, Haebel P, Simon E, Reindl W, Bajrami B, Rist W, Uphues I, Drucker DJ, Klein H, Santhanam R, Hamprecht D, Neubauer H, Augustin R. BI 456906: Discovery and preclinical pharmacology of a novel GCGR/GLP-1R dual agonist with robust anti-obesity efficacy. Mol Metab 2022; 66:101633. [PMID: 36356832 PMCID: PMC9679702 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity and its associated comorbidities represent a global health challenge with a need for well-tolerated, effective, and mechanistically diverse pharmaceutical interventions. Oxyntomodulin is a gut peptide that activates the glucagon receptor (GCGR) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) and reduces bodyweight by increasing energy expenditure and reducing energy intake in humans. Here we describe the pharmacological profile of the novel glucagon receptor (GCGR)/GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) dual agonist BI 456906. METHODS BI 456906 was characterized using cell-based in vitro assays to determine functional agonism. In vivo pharmacological studies were performed using acute and subchronic dosing regimens to demonstrate target engagement for the GCGR and GLP-1R, and weight lowering efficacy. RESULTS BI 456906 is a potent, acylated peptide containing a C18 fatty acid as a half-life extending principle to support once-weekly dosing in humans. Pharmacological doses of BI 456906 provided greater bodyweight reductions in mice compared with maximally effective doses of the GLP-1R agonist semaglutide. BI 456906's superior efficacy is the consequence of increased energy expenditure and reduced food intake. Engagement of both receptors in vivo was demonstrated via glucose tolerance, food intake, and gastric emptying tests for the GLP-1R, and liver nicotinamide N-methyltransferase mRNA expression and circulating biomarkers (amino acids, fibroblast growth factor-21) for the GCGR. The dual activity of BI 456906 at the GLP-1R and GCGR was supported using GLP-1R knockout and transgenic reporter mice, and an ex vivo bioactivity assay. CONCLUSIONS BI 456906 is a potent GCGR/GLP-1R dual agonist with robust anti-obesity efficacy achieved by increasing energy expenditure and decreasing food intake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tina Zimmermann
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88400 Biberach an der Riβ, Germany.
| | - Leo Thomas
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88400 Biberach an der Riβ, Germany.
| | - Tamara Baader-Pagler
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88400 Biberach an der Riβ, Germany.
| | - Peter Haebel
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88400 Biberach an der Riβ, Germany.
| | - Eric Simon
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88400 Biberach an der Riβ, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Reindl
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88400 Biberach an der Riβ, Germany.
| | - Besnik Bajrami
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88400 Biberach an der Riβ, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Rist
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88400 Biberach an der Riβ, Germany.
| | - Ingo Uphues
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88400 Biberach an der Riβ, Germany.
| | - Daniel J Drucker
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, University of Toronto, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada.
| | - Holger Klein
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88400 Biberach an der Riβ, Germany.
| | - Rakesh Santhanam
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88400 Biberach an der Riβ, Germany.
| | - Dieter Hamprecht
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88400 Biberach an der Riβ, Germany; Boehringer Ingelheim Research Italia, Via Lorenzini 8, 20139 Milano, Italy.
| | - Heike Neubauer
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88400 Biberach an der Riβ, Germany.
| | - Robert Augustin
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88400 Biberach an der Riβ, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lin C, Xu JQ, Zhong GC, Chen H, Xue HM, Yang M, Chen C. Integrating RNA-seq and scRNA-seq to explore the biological significance of NAD + metabolism-related genes in the initial diagnosis and relapse of childhood B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1043111. [PMID: 36439178 PMCID: PMC9691973 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1043111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD) depletion is reported to be a potential treatment for B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (B-ALL), but the mechanism of NAD metabolism-related genes (NMRGs) in B-ALL relapse remains unclear. METHODS Transcriptome data (GSE3912), and single-cell sequencing data (GSE130116) of B-ALL patients were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. NMRGs were sourced from Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Reactome databases. Further, the differentially expressed NMRGs (DE-NMRGs) were selected from the analysis between initial diagnosis and relapse B-ALL samples, which further performed functional enrichment analyses. The biomarkers were obtained through random forest (RF) algorithm and repeated cross validation. Additionally, cell type identification by estimating relative subsets of RNA transcripts (CIBERSORT) algorithm was used to evaluate the immune cell differences between the initial diagnosis and relapse samples, and the correlations between biomarkers and gene markers of differential immune cells were analyzed. Furthermore, single cell RNA sequencing was conducted in the GSE130116 dataset to find key cell clusters. In addition, according to biomarkers expressions, cell clusters were categorized into high and low biomarker expression groups, and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) analysis was performed on them. Finally, the cell clusters with the highest expression of biomarkers were selected to explore the roles of biomarkers in different cell clusters and identify transcription factors (TFs) influencing biological markers. RESULTS 23 DE-NMRGs were screened out, which were mainly enriched in nucleoside phosphate metabolic process, nucleotide metabolic process, and Nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism. Moreover, 3 biomarkers (NADSYN1, SIRT3, and PARP6) were identified from the machine learning. CIBERSORT results demonstrated that four types of immune cells (B Cells naive, Monocyte, Neutrophils, and T cells CD4 memory Activated) were significantly different between the initial diagnosis and the relapse B-ALL samples, and there were strong correlations between biomarkers and differential immune cells such as positive correlation between NADSYN1 and B Cells naive. The single cell analyses showed that the biomarkers were highly expressed in common myeloid progenitors (CMP), granulocyte-macrophage progenitor (GMP), and megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor (MEP) cell clusters. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) results indicated that 55 GO terms and 3 KEGG pathways were enriched by the genes in high and low biomarker expression groups. It was found that TF CREB3L2(+) was significantly reduced in the high expression group, which may be the TF affecting biomarkers in the high expression group. CONCLUSION This study identified NADSYN1, SIRT3, and PARP6 as the biomarkers of B-ALL, explored biological significance of NMRGs in the initial diagnosis and relapse of B-ALL, and revealed mechanism of biomarkers at the level of the single cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jia-Qi Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Center of Kidney and Urology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Gui-Chao Zhong
- Department of Pediatrics, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hong-Man Xue
- Department of Pediatrics, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mo Yang
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chun Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Barrows RD, Jeffries DE, Vishe M, Tukachinsky H, Zheng SL, Li F, Ma Z, Li X, Jin S, Song H, Zhang R, Zhang S, Ni J, Luan H, Wen L, Rongshan Y, Ying C, Shair MD. Potent Uncompetitive Inhibitors of Nicotinamide N-Methyltransferase (NNMT) as In Vivo Chemical Probes. J Med Chem 2022; 65:14642-14654. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert D. Barrows
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Daniel E. Jeffries
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Mahesh Vishe
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Hanna Tukachinsky
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Shao-Liang Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Fanfan Li
- Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., 6 Taihe Road, BDA, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Zhenjie Ma
- Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., 6 Taihe Road, BDA, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Xiaolei Li
- Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., 6 Taihe Road, BDA, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Shujuan Jin
- Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., 6 Taihe Road, BDA, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Haobin Song
- Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., 6 Taihe Road, BDA, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Ruonan Zhang
- Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., 6 Taihe Road, BDA, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Shaofeng Zhang
- Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., 6 Taihe Road, BDA, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Jing Ni
- Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., 6 Taihe Road, BDA, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Haofei Luan
- Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., 6 Taihe Road, BDA, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Lei Wen
- Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., 6 Taihe Road, BDA, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Yan Rongshan
- WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd., #288 FuTe ZhongLu WaiGaoQiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Chen Ying
- WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd., #288 FuTe ZhongLu WaiGaoQiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Matthew D. Shair
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zeidler JD, Chini CC, Kanamori KS, Kashyap S, Espindola-Netto JM, Thompson K, Warner G, Cabral FS, Peclat TR, Gomez LS, Lopez SA, Wandersee MK, Schoon RA, Reid K, Menzies K, Beckedorff F, Reid JM, Brachs S, Meyer RG, Meyer-Ficca ML, Chini EN. Endogenous metabolism in endothelial and immune cells generates most of the tissue vitamin B3 (nicotinamide). iScience 2022; 25:105431. [PMID: 36388973 PMCID: PMC9646960 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, nicotinamide (NAM) is the primary NAD precursor available in circulation, a signaling molecule, and a precursor for methyl-nicotinamide (M-NAM) synthesis. However, our knowledge about how the body regulates tissue NAM levels is still limited. Here we demonstrate that dietary vitamin B3 partially regulates plasma NAM and NAM-derived metabolites, but not their tissue levels. We found that NAD de novo synthesis from tryptophan contributes to plasma and tissue NAM, likely by providing substrates for NAD-degrading enzymes. We also demonstrate that tissue NAM is mainly generated by endogenous metabolism and that the NADase CD38 is the main enzyme that produces tissue NAM. Tissue-specific CD38-floxed mice revealed that CD38 activity on endothelial and immune cells is the major contributor to tissue steady-state levels of NAM in tissues like spleen and heart. Our findings uncover the presence of different pools of NAM in the body and a central role for CD38 in regulating tissue NAM levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julianna D. Zeidler
- Signal Transduction and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA,Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Claudia C.S. Chini
- Signal Transduction and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA,Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Karina S. Kanamori
- Signal Transduction and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA,Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Sonu Kashyap
- Signal Transduction and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA,Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Jair M. Espindola-Netto
- Signal Transduction and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA,Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Katie Thompson
- Signal Transduction and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA,Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Gina Warner
- Signal Transduction and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA,Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Fernanda S. Cabral
- Signal Transduction and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA,Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Thais R. Peclat
- Signal Transduction and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA,Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Lilian Sales Gomez
- Signal Transduction and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA,Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Sierra A. Lopez
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, College of Agriculture and Applied Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84332, USA
| | - Miles K. Wandersee
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, College of Agriculture and Applied Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84332, USA
| | - Renee A. Schoon
- Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Kimberly Reid
- Interdisciplinary School of Health of Sciences, University Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Keir Menzies
- Interdisciplinary School of Health of Sciences, University Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Felipe Beckedorff
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Human Genetics, Biomedical Research Building, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Joel M. Reid
- Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Sebastian Brachs
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 10115 Berlin, Germany,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralph G. Meyer
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, College of Agriculture and Applied Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84332, USA
| | - Mirella L. Meyer-Ficca
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, College of Agriculture and Applied Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84332, USA
| | - Eduardo Nunes Chini
- Signal Transduction and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA,Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA,Corresponding author
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Mackert O, Wirth EK, Sun R, Winkler J, Liu A, Renko K, Kunz S, Spranger J, Brachs S. Impact of metabolic stress induced by diets, aging and fasting on tissue oxygen consumption. Mol Metab 2022; 64:101563. [PMID: 35944898 PMCID: PMC9418990 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alterations in mitochondrial function play an important role in the development of various diseases, such as obesity, insulin resistance, steatohepatitis, atherosclerosis and cancer. However, accurate assessment of mitochondrial respiration ex vivo is limited and remains highly challenging. Using our novel method, we measured mitochondrial oxygen consumption (OCR) and extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) of metabolically relevant tissues ex vivo to investigate the impact of different metabolic stressors on mitochondrial function. METHODS Comparative analyses of OCR and ECAR were performed in tissue biopsies of young mice fed 12 weeks standard-control (STD), high-fat (HFD), high-sucrose (HSD), or western diet (WD), matured mice with HFD, and 2year-old mice aged on STD with and without fasting. RESULTS While diets had only marginal effects on mitochondrial respiration, respiratory chain complexes II and IV were reduced in adipose tissue (AT). Moreover, matured HFD-fed mice showed a decreased hepatic metabolic flexibility and prolonged aging increased OCR in brown AT. Interestingly, fasting boosted pancreatic and hepatic OCR while decreasing weight of those organs. Furthermore, ECAR measurements in AT could indicate its lipolytic capacity. CONCLUSION Using ex vivo tissue measurements, we could extensively analyze mitochondrial function of liver, AT, pancreas and heart revealing effects of metabolic stress, especially aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olena Mackert
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany
| | - Eva Katrin Wirth
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Germany
| | - Rongwan Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Germany
| | - Jennifer Winkler
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany
| | - Aoxue Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Germany
| | - Kostja Renko
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), German Centre for the Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R), Berlin, Germany
| | - Séverine Kunz
- Technology Platform for Electron Microscopy at the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Joachim Spranger
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Brachs
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ruf S, Rajagopal S, Kadnur SV, Hallur MS, Rani S, Kristam R, Swaminathan S, Zope BR, Gondrala PK, Swamy I, Putta VPRK, Kandan S, Zech G, Schreuder H, Rudolph C, Elvert R, Czech J, Birudukota S, Siddiqui MA, Anand NN, Mane VS, Dittakavi S, Suresh J, Gosu R, Ramesh M, Yura T, Dhakshinamoorthy S, Kannt A. Novel tricyclic small molecule inhibitors of Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase for the treatment of metabolic disorders. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15440. [PMID: 36104373 PMCID: PMC9474883 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19634-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) is a metabolic regulator that catalyzes the methylation of nicotinamide (Nam) using the co-factor S-adenosyl-L-methionine to form 1-methyl-nicotinamide (MNA). Overexpression of NNMT and the presence of the active metabolite MNA is associated with a number of diseases including metabolic disorders. We conducted a high-throughput screening campaign that led to the identification of a tricyclic core as a potential NNMT small molecule inhibitor series. Elaborate medicinal chemistry efforts were undertaken and hundreds of analogs were synthesized to understand the structure activity relationship and structure property relationship of this tricyclic series. A lead molecule, JBSNF-000028, was identified that inhibits human and mouse NNMT activity, reduces MNA levels in mouse plasma, liver and adipose tissue, and drives insulin sensitization, glucose modulation and body weight reduction in a diet-induced obese mouse model of diabetes. The co-crystal structure showed that JBSNF-000028 binds below a hairpin structural motif at the nicotinamide pocket and stacks between Tyr-204 (from Hairpin) and Leu-164 (from central domain). JBSNF-000028 was inactive against a broad panel of targets related to metabolism and safety. Interestingly, the improvement in glucose tolerance upon treatment with JBSNF-000028 was also observed in NNMT knockout mice with diet-induced obesity, pointing towards the glucose-normalizing effect that may go beyond NNMT inhibition. JBSNF-000028 can be a potential therapeutic option for metabolic disorders and developmental studies are warranted.
Collapse
|
18
|
Li D, Yi C, Huang H, Li J, Hong S. Hepatocyte-specific depletion of Nnmt protects mice from non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. J Hepatol 2022; 77:882-884. [PMID: 35367283 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2022.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, and Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Chuanyou Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, and Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - He Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, and Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Jin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, and Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Shangyu Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, and Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lu S, Ke S, Wang C, Xu Y, Li Z, Song K, Bai M, Zhou M, Yu H, Yin B, Li X, Feng Z, Hua Y, Pan S, Jiang H, Li L, Wu Y, Ma Y. NNMT promotes the progression of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma by regulating aerobic glycolysis via the EGFR-STAT3 axis. Oncogenesis 2022; 11:39. [PMID: 35851575 PMCID: PMC9293979 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-022-00415-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT), a member of the N-methyltransferase family, plays an important role in tumorigenesis. However, its expression and biological functions in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) remain to be established. In our study, we identified NNMT as an oncogene in iCCA and provided mechanistic insights into the roles of NNMT in iCCA progression. High NNMT expression in iCCA tissues was identified using western blotting and immunohistochemistry (IHC). We identified a significantly higher NNMT expression level in human iCCA tissues than that in adjacent normal tissues. Increased NNMT expression promoted iCCA cell proliferation and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, NNMT inhibited the level of histone methylation in iCCA cells by consuming the methyl donor S-adenosyl methionine (SAM), thereby promoting the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). EGFR may activate the aerobic glycolysis pathway in iCCA cells by activating the STAT3 signaling pathway. In conclusion, we identified NNMT as an oncogene in iCCA and provided mechanistic insights into the roles of NNMT in iCCA progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shounan Lu
- Department of Minimal Invasive Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shanjia Ke
- Department of Minimal Invasive Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chaoqun Wang
- Department of Minimal Invasive Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zihao Li
- Department of Minimal Invasive Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Keda Song
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of General Surgery, Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Miaoyu Bai
- Department of Minimal Invasive Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Menghua Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongjun Yu
- Department of Minimal Invasive Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Bing Yin
- Department of Minimal Invasive Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xinglong Li
- Department of Minimal Invasive Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhigang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,The First Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China
| | - Yongliang Hua
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shangha Pan
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongchi Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China. .,Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| | - Linqiang Li
- Department of Minimal Invasive Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| | - Yaohua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China. .,Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| | - Yong Ma
- Department of Minimal Invasive Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China. .,Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Pujar M, Vastrad B, Kavatagimath S, Vastrad C, Kotturshetti S. Identification of candidate biomarkers and pathways associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus using bioinformatics analysis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9157. [PMID: 35650387 PMCID: PMC9160069 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13291-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a metabolic disorder for which the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unclear. This investigation aimed to elucidate essential candidate genes and pathways in T1DM by integrated bioinformatics analysis. In this study, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed using DESeq2 of R package from GSE162689 of the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis, REACTOME pathway enrichment analysis, and construction and analysis of protein–protein interaction (PPI) network, modules, miRNA-hub gene regulatory network and TF-hub gene regulatory network, and validation of hub genes were performed. A total of 952 DEGs (477 up regulated and 475 down regulated genes) were identified in T1DM. GO and REACTOME enrichment result results showed that DEGs mainly enriched in multicellular organism development, detection of stimulus, diseases of signal transduction by growth factor receptors and second messengers, and olfactory signaling pathway. The top hub genes such as MYC, EGFR, LNX1, YBX1, HSP90AA1, ESR1, FN1, TK1, ANLN and SMAD9 were screened out as the critical genes among the DEGs from the PPI network, modules, miRNA-hub gene regulatory network and TF-hub gene regulatory network. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis confirmed that these genes were significantly associated with T1DM. In conclusion, the identified DEGs, particularly the hub genes, strengthen the understanding of the advancement and progression of T1DM, and certain genes might be used as candidate target molecules to diagnose, monitor and treat T1DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madhu Pujar
- Department of Pediatrics, J J M Medical College, Davangere, Karnataka, 577004, India
| | - Basavaraj Vastrad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, K.L.E. College of Pharmacy, Gadag, Karnataka, 582101, India
| | - Satish Kavatagimath
- Department of Pharmacognosy, K.L.E. College of Pharmacy, Belagavi, Karnataka, 590010, India
| | - Chanabasayya Vastrad
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Chanabasava Nilaya, Bharthinagar, Dharwad, Karnataka, 580001, India.
| | - Shivakumar Kotturshetti
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Chanabasava Nilaya, Bharthinagar, Dharwad, Karnataka, 580001, India
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
The Storage Conditions of High-Fat Diet Are the Key Factors for Diet-Induced Obesity and Liver Damage. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14112222. [PMID: 35684023 PMCID: PMC9182774 DOI: 10.3390/nu14112222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The diet-induced obesity (DIO) mouse model has been widely used for obesity studies. The effects of storage conditions on the composition of nutrients in high-fat diets (HFDs) and their impact on metabolic homeostasis have not been systemically investigated. In the current study, we tested the effects of HFDs stored under different conditions and found that mice fed a HFD stored in the fridge (HFDfri) gained less weight than those fed HFDs stored in the freezer (HFDfre). Further analysis revealed that changes in the relative abundance of medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) in the HFDfri, which have much lower intestinal absorption rates, contributed to the body weight differences. In contrast, exacerbated liver damage and elevated levels of unfolded protein response (UPR) was observed in the mice fed by HFDfri. Depletion of the UPR-regulated gene Nnmt alleviated liver damage via the inhibition of the integrated stress response (ISR). Our study, for the first time, provides evidence that HFD storage conditions can have a significant impact on both body weight changes and liver damage in the DIO model.
Collapse
|
22
|
Xu W, Hou L, Li P, Li L. Effect of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase on lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Bioengineered 2022; 13:12421-12434. [PMID: 35603729 PMCID: PMC9276046 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2074768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) is a methylase, and its expression is positively correlated with obesity and insulin resistance. This study aims to detect the effects of NNMT on lipid accumulation, triglyceride content, adipocyte differentiation-related transcription factors, genes related to lipid metabolism, adipokine expression, and autophagy in adipocytes. Lentivirus vectors and eukaryotic expression plasmids were used to interfere with NNMT expression. The Oil Red O method was used to detect lipid accumulation, and colorimetry was used to detect triglyceride levels. The transcription of adipocyte differentiation-related transcription factors (PPARγ, C/EBPα, and SREBP1), lipid metabolism-related genes (FABP4, FAS, FATP1 [SLC27A1], and LPL), adipokines (ADIPOQ and LEP) and autophagy-related genes (Beclin1, ATG7, ATG12, and ATG14) was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and the protein expressions of PPARγ, ADIPOQ, LC3I, LC3II, Beclin1, and P62 were detected by western blot analysis. Compared with the control group, the knockdown of NNMT expression reduced lipid accumulation and triglyceride content in 3T3-L1 cells. The transcription of PPARγ, C/EBPα, SREBP1, FABP4, FASN, FATP1, LPL, Beclin1, ATG7, ATG12, and ATG14 decreased, while ADIPOQ and LEP transcription increased. The expression of PPARγ, LC3I/II, and Beclin1 proteins also decreased, while ADIPOQ and P62 protein expression increased. The over-expression NNMT group showed experimental results opposite to those described above. Interference with the expression of NNMT affects lipid accumulation, triglyceride content after cell differentiation, adipocyte differentiation-related transcription factors, genes related to lipid metabolism, the expression of adipokines, and autophagy in adipocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wanfeng Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ling Hou
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
The significance of NAD + metabolites and nicotinamide N-methyltransferase in chronic kidney disease. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6398. [PMID: 35430611 PMCID: PMC9013399 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10476-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD +) metabolism contributes to the initiation and progression of age-associated diseases, including chronic kidney disease (CKD). Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT), a nicotinamide (NAM) metabolizing enzyme, regulates both NAD + and methionine metabolism. Although NNMT is expressed abundantly in the kidney, its role in CKD and renal fibrosis remains unclear. We generated NNMT-deficient mice and a unilateral ureter obstruction (UUO) model and conducted two clinical studies on human CKD to investigate the role of NNMT in CKD and fibrosis. In UUO, renal NNMT expression and the degraded metabolites of NAM increased, while NAD + and NAD + precursors decreased. NNMT deficiency ameliorated renal fibrosis; mechanistically, it (1) increased the DNA methylation of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), and (2) improved renal inflammation by increasing renal NAD + and Sirt1 and decreasing NF-κB acetylation. In humans, along with CKD progression, a trend toward a decrease in serum NAD + precursors was observed, while the final NAD + metabolites were accumulated, and the level of eGFR was an independent variable for serum NAM. In addition, NNMT was highly expressed in fibrotic areas of human kidney tissues. In conclusion, increased renal NNMT expression induces NAD + and methionine metabolism perturbation and contributes to renal fibrosis.
Collapse
|
24
|
Merz KE, Hwang J, Zhou C, Veluthakal R, McCown EM, Hamilton A, Oh E, Dai W, Fueger PT, Jiang L, Huss JM, Thurmond DC. Enrichment of the exocytosis protein STX4 in skeletal muscle remediates peripheral insulin resistance and alters mitochondrial dynamics via Drp1. Nat Commun 2022; 13:424. [PMID: 35058456 PMCID: PMC8776765 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28061-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in skeletal muscle insulin resistance. Syntaxin 4 (STX4) levels are reduced in human diabetic skeletal muscle, and global transgenic enrichment of STX4 expression improves insulin sensitivity in mice. Here, we show that transgenic skeletal muscle-specific STX4 enrichment (skmSTX4tg) in mice reverses established insulin resistance and improves mitochondrial function in the context of diabetogenic stress. Specifically, skmSTX4tg reversed insulin resistance caused by high-fat diet (HFD) without altering body weight or food consumption. Electron microscopy of wild-type mouse muscle revealed STX4 localisation at or proximal to the mitochondrial membrane. STX4 enrichment prevented HFD-induced mitochondrial fragmentation and dysfunction through a mechanism involving STX4-Drp1 interaction and elevated AMPK-mediated phosphorylation at Drp1 S637, which favors fusion. Our findings challenge the dogma that STX4 acts solely at the plasma membrane, revealing that STX4 localises at/proximal to and regulates the function of mitochondria in muscle. These results establish skeletal muscle STX4 enrichment as a candidate therapeutic strategy to reverse peripheral insulin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karla E Merz
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
- Amgen, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Jinhee Hwang
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Chunxue Zhou
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Rajakrishnan Veluthakal
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Erika M McCown
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Angelica Hamilton
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Eunjin Oh
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Wenting Dai
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Patrick T Fueger
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
- Comprehensive Metabolic Phenotyping Core, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Lei Jiang
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Janice M Huss
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Debbie C Thurmond
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
van Haren MJ, Zhang Y, Thijssen V, Buijs N, Gao Y, Mateuszuk L, Fedak FA, Kij A, Campagna R, Sartini D, Emanuelli M, Chlopicki S, Jongkees SAK, Martin NI. Macrocyclic peptides as allosteric inhibitors of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT). RSC Chem Biol 2021; 2:1546-1555. [PMID: 34704059 PMCID: PMC8496086 DOI: 10.1039/d1cb00134e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) methylates nicotinamide to form 1-methylnicotinamide (MNA) using S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM) as the methyl donor. The complexity of the role of NNMT in healthy and disease states is slowly being elucidated and provides an indication that NNMT may be an interesting therapeutic target for a variety of diseases including cancer, diabetes, and obesity. Most inhibitors of NNMT described to date are structurally related to one or both of its substrates. In the search for structurally diverse NNMT inhibitors, an mRNA display screening technique was used to identify macrocyclic peptides which bind to NNMT. Several of the cyclic peptides identified in this manner show potent inhibition of NNMT with IC50 values as low as 229 nM. The peptides were also found to downregulate MNA production in cellular assays. Interestingly, substrate competition experiments reveal that these cyclic peptide inhibitors are noncompetitive with either SAM or NA indicating they may be the first allosteric inhibitors reported for NNMT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthijs J van Haren
- Biological Chemistry Group, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University Sylviusweg 72 2333 BE Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Yurui Zhang
- Biological Chemistry Group, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University Sylviusweg 72 2333 BE Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Vito Thijssen
- Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery Group, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences Universiteitsweg 99 3584 CG Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Ned Buijs
- Biological Chemistry Group, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University Sylviusweg 72 2333 BE Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Yongzhi Gao
- Biological Chemistry Group, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University Sylviusweg 72 2333 BE Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Lukasz Mateuszuk
- Jagiellonian University, Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET) Bobrzynskiego 14 30-348 Krakow Poland
| | - Filip A Fedak
- Jagiellonian University, Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET) Bobrzynskiego 14 30-348 Krakow Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kij
- Jagiellonian University, Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET) Bobrzynskiego 14 30-348 Krakow Poland
| | - Roberto Campagna
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Universitá Politecnica delle Marche Via Ranieri 65 60131 Ancona Italy
| | - Davide Sartini
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Universitá Politecnica delle Marche Via Ranieri 65 60131 Ancona Italy
| | - Monica Emanuelli
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Universitá Politecnica delle Marche Via Ranieri 65 60131 Ancona Italy
| | - Stefan Chlopicki
- Jagiellonian University, Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET) Bobrzynskiego 14 30-348 Krakow Poland.,Jagiellonian University Medical College, Chair of Pharmacology Grzegorzecka 16 31-531 Krakow Poland
| | - Seino A K Jongkees
- Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery Group, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences Universiteitsweg 99 3584 CG Utrecht The Netherlands .,Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam De Boelelaan 1108 1081 HZ Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Nathaniel I Martin
- Biological Chemistry Group, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University Sylviusweg 72 2333 BE Leiden The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Gao Y, van Haren MJ, Buijs N, Innocenti P, Zhang Y, Sartini D, Campagna R, Emanuelli M, Parsons RB, Jespers W, Gutiérrez-de-Terán H, van Westen GJP, Martin NI. Potent Inhibition of Nicotinamide N-Methyltransferase by Alkene-Linked Bisubstrate Mimics Bearing Electron Deficient Aromatics. J Med Chem 2021; 64:12938-12963. [PMID: 34424711 PMCID: PMC8436214 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) methylates
nicotinamide (vitamin B3) to generate 1-methylnicotinamide (MNA).
NNMT overexpression has been linked to a variety of diseases, most
prominently human cancers, indicating its potential as a therapeutic
target. The development of small-molecule NNMT inhibitors has gained
interest in recent years, with the most potent inhibitors sharing
structural features based on elements of the nicotinamide substrate
and the S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM) cofactor.
We here report the development of new bisubstrate inhibitors that
include electron-deficient aromatic groups to mimic the nicotinamide
moiety. In addition, a trans-alkene linker was found
to be optimal for connecting the substrate and cofactor mimics in
these inhibitors. The most potent NNMT inhibitor identified exhibits
an IC50 value of 3.7 nM, placing it among the most active
NNMT inhibitors reported to date. Complementary analytical techniques,
modeling studies, and cell-based assays provide insights into the
binding mode, affinity, and selectivity of these inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhi Gao
- Biological Chemistry Group, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Matthijs J van Haren
- Biological Chemistry Group, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ned Buijs
- Biological Chemistry Group, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Paolo Innocenti
- Biological Chemistry Group, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Yurui Zhang
- Biological Chemistry Group, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Davide Sartini
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Universitá Politecnica delle Marche, Via Ranieri 65, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Roberto Campagna
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Universitá Politecnica delle Marche, Via Ranieri 65, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Monica Emanuelli
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Universitá Politecnica delle Marche, Via Ranieri 65, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Richard B Parsons
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Willem Jespers
- Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75124, Sweden
| | | | - Gerard J P van Westen
- Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nathaniel I Martin
- Biological Chemistry Group, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
The Utility of Nicotinamide N-Methyltransferase as a Potential Biomarker to Predict the Oncological Outcomes for Urological Cancers: An Update. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11081214. [PMID: 34439880 PMCID: PMC8393883 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) catalyzes the N-methylation reaction of nicotinamide, using S-adenosyl-L-methionine as the methyl donor. Enzyme overexpression has been described in many non-neoplastic diseases, as well as in a wide range of solid malignancies. This review aims to report and discuss evidence available in scientific literature, dealing with NNMT expression and the potential involvement in main urologic neoplasms, namely, renal, bladder and prostate cancers. Data illustrated in the cited studies clearly demonstrated NNMT upregulation (pathological vs. normal tissue) in association with these aforementioned tumors. In addition to this, enzyme levels were also found to correlate with key prognostic parameters and patient survival. Interestingly, NNMT overexpression also emerged in peripheral body fluids, such as blood and urine, thus leading to candidate the enzyme as promising biomarker for the early and non-invasive detection of these cancers. Examined results undoubtedly showed NNMT as having the capacity to promote cell proliferation, migration and invasiveness, as well as its potential participation in fundamental events highlighting cancer progression, metastasis and resistance to chemo- and radiotherapy. In the light of this evidence, it is reasonable to attribute to NNMT a promising role as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of urologic neoplasms, as well as a molecular target for effective anti-cancer treatment.
Collapse
|
28
|
Griffiths A, Wang J, Song Q, Iyamu ID, Liu L, Park J, Jiang Y, Huang R, Song Z. Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) upregulation via the mTORC1-ATF4 pathway activation contributes to palmitate-induced lipotoxicity in hepatocytes. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 321:C585-C595. [PMID: 34378991 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00195.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Defined as the dysfunction and/or cell death caused by toxic lipids accumulation in hepatocytes, hepatic lipotoxicity plays a pathological role in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying lipotoxicity remain to be elucidated. In this study, using AML12 cells, a non-transformed murine hepatocyte cell line, exposed to palmitate (a 16-C saturated fatty acid) as an experimental model, we investigated the role and mechanisms of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT), a methyltransferase catalyzing nicotinamide methylation and degradation, in hepatic lipotoxicity. We initially identified activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) as a major transcription factor for hepatic NNMT expression. Here, we demonstrated that palmitate upregulates NNMT expression via activating ATF4 in a mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1)-dependent mechanism in that mTORC1 inhibition by both Torin1 and rapamycin attenuated ATF4 activation and NNMT upregulation. We further demonstrated that the mTORC1-dependent ATF4 activation is an integral signaling event of unfolded protein response (UPR) as both ATF4 activation and NNMT upregulation by tunicamycin, a well-documented endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inducer, are blunted when hepatocytes were pretreated with Torin1. Importantly, our data uncovered that NNMT upregulation contributes to palmitate-induced hepatotoxicity as NNMT inhibition, via either pharmacological (NNMT inhibitors) or genetic approach (siRNA transfection), provided protection against palmitate lipotoxicity. Our further mechanistic exploration identified protein kinase A (PKA) activation to contribute, at least, partially to the protective effect of NNMT inhibition against lipotoxicity. Collectively, our data demonstrated that NNMT upregulation by the mTORC1-ATF4 pathway activation contributes to the development of lipotoxicity in hepatocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Griffiths
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.,Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Medical College and The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Song
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Iredia D Iyamu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Lifeng Liu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jooman Park
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Yuwei Jiang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Rong Huang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Zhenyuan Song
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Roles of Nicotinamide N-Methyltransferase in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:9924314. [PMID: 34368359 PMCID: PMC8337113 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9924314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is thought to be a complication of metabolic syndrome caused by disorders of energy utilization and storage and characterized by insulin resistance or deficiency of insulin secretion. Though the mechanism linking obesity to the development of T2D is complex and unintelligible, it is known that abnormal lipid metabolism and adipose tissue accumulation possibly play important roles in this process. Recently, nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) has been emerging as a new mechanism-of-action target in treating obesity and associated T2D. Evidence has shown that NNMT is associated with obesity and T2D. NNMT inhibition or NNMT knockdown significantly increases energy expenditure, reduces body weight and white adipose mass, improves insulin sensitivity, and normalizes glucose tolerance and fasting blood glucose levels. Additionally, trials of oligonucleotide therapeutics and experiments with some small-molecule NNMT inhibitors in vitro and in preclinical animal models have validated NNMT as a promising therapeutic target to prevent or treat obesity and associated T2D. However, the exact mechanisms underlying these phenomena are not yet fully understood and clinical trials targeting NNMT have not been reported until now. Therefore, more researches are necessary to reveal the acting mechanism of NNMT in obesity and T2D and to develop therapeutics targeting NNMT.
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
NAD(H) and NADP(H) have traditionally been viewed as co-factors (or co-enzymes) involved in a myriad of oxidation-reduction reactions including the electron transport in the mitochondria. However, NAD pathway metabolites have many other important functions, including roles in signaling pathways, post-translational modifications, epigenetic changes, and regulation of RNA stability and function via NAD-capping of RNA. Non-oxidative reactions ultimately lead to the net catabolism of these nucleotides, indicating that NAD metabolism is an extremely dynamic process. In fact, recent studies have clearly demonstrated that NAD has a half-life in the order of minutes in some tissues. Several evolving concepts on the metabolism, transport, and roles of these NAD pathway metabolites in disease states such as cancer, neurodegeneration, and aging have emerged in just the last few years. In this perspective, we discuss key recent discoveries and changing concepts in NAD metabolism and biology that are reshaping the field. In addition, we will pose some open questions in NAD biology, including why NAD metabolism is so fast and dynamic in some tissues, how NAD and its precursors are transported to cells and organelles, and how NAD metabolism is integrated with inflammation and senescence. Resolving these questions will lead to significant advancements in the field.
Collapse
|
31
|
Nicotinamide N-methyl transferase (NNMT): An emerging therapeutic target. Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:2699-2706. [PMID: 34029690 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) methylates nicotinamide (NA) to generate 1-methyl nicotinamide. Since its discovery 70 years ago, the appreciation of the role of NNMT in human health has evolved from serving only metabolic functions to also being a driving force in diseases, including a variety of cancers. Despite the increasing evidence indicating NNMT as a viable therapeutic target, the development of cell-active inhibitors against this enzyme is lacking. In this review, we provide an overview of the current status of NNMT inhibitor development, relevant in vitro and in vivo studies, and a discussion of the challenges faced in the development of NNMT inhibitors.
Collapse
|
32
|
Sampson CM, Dimet AL, Neelakantan H, Ogunseye KO, Stevenson HL, Hommel JD, Watowich SJ. Combined nicotinamide N-methyltransferase inhibition and reduced-calorie diet normalizes body composition and enhances metabolic benefits in obese mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5637. [PMID: 33707534 PMCID: PMC7952898 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85051-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a large and growing global health problem with few effective therapies. The present study investigated metabolic and physiological benefits of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase inhibitor (NNMTi) treatment combined with a lean diet substitution in diet-induced obese mice. NNMTi treatment combined with lean diet substitution accelerated and improved body weight and fat loss, increased whole-body lean mass to body weight ratio, reduced liver and epididymal white adipose tissue weights, decreased liver adiposity, and improved hepatic steatosis, relative to a lean diet substitution alone. Importantly, combined lean diet and NNMTi treatment normalized body composition and liver adiposity parameters to levels observed in age-matched lean diet control mice. NNMTi treatment produced a unique metabolomic signature in adipose tissue, with predominant increases in ketogenic amino acid abundance and alterations to metabolites linked to energy metabolic pathways. Taken together, NNMTi treatment's modulation of body weight, adiposity, liver physiology, and the adipose tissue metabolome strongly support it as a promising therapeutic for obesity and obesity-driven comorbidities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Sampson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch At Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
- Center for Addiction Research, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Andrea L Dimet
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | | | - Kehinde O Ogunseye
- Center for Addiction Research, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Institute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Heather L Stevenson
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Jonathan D Hommel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch At Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
- Center for Addiction Research, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Stanley J Watowich
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kannt A, Rajagopal S, Hallur MS, Swamy I, Kristam R, Dhakshinamoorthy S, Czech J, Zech G, Schreuder H, Ruf S. Novel Inhibitors of Nicotinamide- N-Methyltransferase for the Treatment of Metabolic Disorders. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26040991. [PMID: 33668468 PMCID: PMC7918612 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide-N-methyltransferase (NNMT) is a cytosolic enzyme catalyzing the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-methionine (SAM) to nicotinamide (Nam). It is expressed in many tissues including the liver, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle. Its expression in several cancer cell lines has been widely discussed in the literature, and recent work established a link between NNMT expression and metabolic diseases. Here we describe our approach to identify potent small molecule inhibitors of NNMT featuring different binding modes as elucidated by X-ray crystallographic studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aimo Kannt
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology-ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany;
| | - Sridharan Rajagopal
- Jubilant Biosys Limited, #96, Industrial Suburb, 2nd Stage Yeshwanthpur, Bangalore 560022, India; (S.R.); (M.S.H.); (I.S.); (R.K.); (S.D.)
| | - Mahanandeesha S. Hallur
- Jubilant Biosys Limited, #96, Industrial Suburb, 2nd Stage Yeshwanthpur, Bangalore 560022, India; (S.R.); (M.S.H.); (I.S.); (R.K.); (S.D.)
| | - Indu Swamy
- Jubilant Biosys Limited, #96, Industrial Suburb, 2nd Stage Yeshwanthpur, Bangalore 560022, India; (S.R.); (M.S.H.); (I.S.); (R.K.); (S.D.)
| | - Rajendra Kristam
- Jubilant Biosys Limited, #96, Industrial Suburb, 2nd Stage Yeshwanthpur, Bangalore 560022, India; (S.R.); (M.S.H.); (I.S.); (R.K.); (S.D.)
| | - Saravanakumar Dhakshinamoorthy
- Jubilant Biosys Limited, #96, Industrial Suburb, 2nd Stage Yeshwanthpur, Bangalore 560022, India; (S.R.); (M.S.H.); (I.S.); (R.K.); (S.D.)
| | - Joerg Czech
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland Gmbh, Industriepark Hoechst, 65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (J.C.); (G.Z.); (H.S.)
| | - Gernot Zech
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland Gmbh, Industriepark Hoechst, 65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (J.C.); (G.Z.); (H.S.)
| | - Herman Schreuder
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland Gmbh, Industriepark Hoechst, 65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (J.C.); (G.Z.); (H.S.)
| | - Sven Ruf
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland Gmbh, Industriepark Hoechst, 65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (J.C.); (G.Z.); (H.S.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Roberti A, Fernández AF, Fraga MF. Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase: At the crossroads between cellular metabolism and epigenetic regulation. Mol Metab 2021; 45:101165. [PMID: 33453420 PMCID: PMC7868988 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The abundance of energy metabolites is intimately interconnected with the activity of chromatin-modifying enzymes in order to guarantee the finely tuned modulation of gene expression in response to cellular energetic status. Metabolism-induced epigenetic gene regulation is a key molecular axis for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis, and its deregulation is associated with several pathological conditions. Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) is a metabolic enzyme that catalyzes the methylation of nicotinamide (NAM) using the universal methyl donor S-adenosyl methionine (SAM), directly linking one-carbon metabolism with a cell's methylation balance and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) levels. NNMT expression and activity are regulated in a tissue-specific-manner, and the protein can act either physiologically or pathologically depending on its distribution. While NNMT exerts a beneficial effect by regulating lipid parameters in the liver, its expression in adipose tissue correlates with obesity and insulin resistance. NNMT upregulation has been observed in a variety of cancers, and increased NNMT expression has been associated with tumor progression, metastasis and worse clinical outcomes. Accordingly, NNMT represents an appealing druggable target for metabolic disorders as well as oncological and other diseases in which the protein is improperly activated. Scope of review This review examines emerging findings concerning the complex NNMT regulatory network and the role of NNMT in both NAD metabolism and cell methylation balance. We extensively describe recent findings concerning the physiological and pathological regulation of NNMT with a specific focus on the function of NNMT in obesity, insulin resistance and other associated metabolic disorders along with its well-accepted role as a cancer-associated metabolic enzyme. Advances in strategies targeting NNMT pathways are also reported, together with current limitations of NNMT inhibitor drugs in clinical use. Major conclusions NNMT is emerging as a key point of intersection between cellular metabolism and epigenetic gene regulation, and growing evidence supports its central role in several pathologies. The use of molecules that target NNMT represents a current pharmaceutical challenge for the treatment of several metabolic-related disease as well as in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Roberti
- Cancer Epigenetics and Nanomedicine Laboratory, Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), El Entrego, Spain; Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain; Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA) and Department of Organisms and Systems Biology (B.O.S.), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Rare Diseases CIBER (CIBERER) of the Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Agustín F Fernández
- Cancer Epigenetics and Nanomedicine Laboratory, Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), El Entrego, Spain; Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain; Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA) and Department of Organisms and Systems Biology (B.O.S.), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Rare Diseases CIBER (CIBERER) of the Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Mario F Fraga
- Cancer Epigenetics and Nanomedicine Laboratory, Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), El Entrego, Spain; Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain; Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA) and Department of Organisms and Systems Biology (B.O.S.), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Rare Diseases CIBER (CIBERER) of the Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Oviedo, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ueno M, Tomita T, Arakawa H, Kakuta T, Yamagishi TA, Terakawa J, Daikoku T, Horike SI, Si S, Kurayoshi K, Ito C, Kasahara A, Tadokoro Y, Kobayashi M, Fukuwatari T, Tamai I, Hirao A, Ogoshi T. Pillar[6]arene acts as a biosensor for quantitative detection of a vitamin metabolite in crude biological samples. Commun Chem 2020; 3:183. [PMID: 36703437 PMCID: PMC9814258 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-020-00430-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is associated with obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, and increased cardiovascular risk. Therefore, quick and accurate measurements of specific metabolites are critical for diagnosis; however, detection methods are limited. Here we describe the synthesis of pillar[n]arenes to target 1-methylnicotinamide (1-MNA), which is one metabolite of vitamin B3 (nicotinamide) produced by the cancer-associated nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT). We found that water-soluble pillar[5]arene (P5A) forms host-guest complexes with both 1-MNA and nicotinamide, and water-soluble pillar[6]arene (P6A) selectively binds to 1-MNA at the micromolar level. P6A can be used as a "turn-off sensor" by photoinduced electron transfer (detection limit is 4.38 × 10-6 M). In our cell-free reaction, P6A is used to quantitatively monitor the activity of NNMT. Moreover, studies using NNMT-deficient mice reveal that P6A exclusively binds to 1-MNA in crude urinary samples. Our findings demonstrate that P6A can be used as a biosensor to quantify 1-MNA in crude biological samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Ueno
- grid.9707.90000 0001 2308 3329Division of Molecular Genetics, Cancer and Stem Cell Research Program, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192 Japan ,grid.9707.90000 0001 2308 3329WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-Nano LSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192 Japan
| | - Takuya Tomita
- grid.9707.90000 0001 2308 3329Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Arakawa
- grid.9707.90000 0001 2308 3329Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192 Japan
| | - Takahiro Kakuta
- grid.9707.90000 0001 2308 3329WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-Nano LSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192 Japan ,grid.9707.90000 0001 2308 3329Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192 Japan
| | - Tada-aki Yamagishi
- grid.9707.90000 0001 2308 3329Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192 Japan
| | - Jumpei Terakawa
- grid.9707.90000 0001 2308 3329Institute for Experimental Animals, Advanced Science Research Center, Kanazawa University, Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8641 Japan
| | - Takiko Daikoku
- grid.9707.90000 0001 2308 3329Institute for Experimental Animals, Advanced Science Research Center, Kanazawa University, Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8641 Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Horike
- grid.9707.90000 0001 2308 3329Division of Functional Genomics, Advanced Science Research Center, Kanazawa University, Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8641 Japan
| | - Sha Si
- grid.9707.90000 0001 2308 3329Division of Molecular Genetics, Cancer and Stem Cell Research Program, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192 Japan ,grid.9707.90000 0001 2308 3329WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-Nano LSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192 Japan
| | - Kenta Kurayoshi
- grid.9707.90000 0001 2308 3329Division of Molecular Genetics, Cancer and Stem Cell Research Program, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192 Japan
| | - Chiaki Ito
- grid.9707.90000 0001 2308 3329Division of Molecular Genetics, Cancer and Stem Cell Research Program, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192 Japan
| | - Atsuko Kasahara
- grid.9707.90000 0001 2308 3329Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192 Japan
| | - Yuko Tadokoro
- grid.9707.90000 0001 2308 3329Division of Molecular Genetics, Cancer and Stem Cell Research Program, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192 Japan ,grid.9707.90000 0001 2308 3329WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-Nano LSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192 Japan
| | - Masahiko Kobayashi
- grid.9707.90000 0001 2308 3329Division of Molecular Genetics, Cancer and Stem Cell Research Program, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192 Japan ,grid.9707.90000 0001 2308 3329WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-Nano LSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192 Japan
| | - Tsutomu Fukuwatari
- grid.412698.00000 0001 1500 8310Department of Nutrition, School of Human Cultures, The University of Shiga Prefecture, 2500 Hassaka, Hikone, Shiga 522-8533 Japan
| | - Ikumi Tamai
- grid.9707.90000 0001 2308 3329Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192 Japan
| | - Atsushi Hirao
- grid.9707.90000 0001 2308 3329Division of Molecular Genetics, Cancer and Stem Cell Research Program, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192 Japan ,grid.9707.90000 0001 2308 3329WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-Nano LSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192 Japan
| | - Tomoki Ogoshi
- grid.9707.90000 0001 2308 3329WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-Nano LSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192 Japan ,grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University, Kyoto, 615-8510 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Song Q, Chen Y, Wang J, Hao L, Huang C, Griffiths A, Sun Z, Zhou Z, Song Z. ER stress-induced upregulation of NNMT contributes to alcohol-related fatty liver development. J Hepatol 2020; 73:783-793. [PMID: 32389809 PMCID: PMC8301603 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS N-nicotinamide methyltransferase (NNMT) is emerging as an important enzyme in the regulation of metabolism. NNMT is highly expressed in the liver. However, the exact regulatory mechanism(s) underlying NNMT expression remains unclear and its potential involvement in alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) is completely unknown. METHODS Both traditional Lieber-De Carli and the NIAAA mouse models of ALD were employed. A small-scale chemical screening assay and a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay were performed. NNMT inhibition was achieved via both genetic (adenoviral short hairpin RNA delivery) and pharmacological approaches. RESULTS Chronic alcohol consumption induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and upregulates NNMT expression in the liver. ER stress inducers upregulated NNMT expression in both AML12 hepatocytes and mice. PERK-ATF4 pathway activation is the main contributor to ER stress-mediated NNMT upregulation in the liver. Alcohol consumption fails to upregulate NNMT in liver-specific Atf4 knockout mice. Both adenoviral NNMT knockdown and NNMT inhibitor administration prevented fatty liver development in response to chronic alcohol feeding; this was also associated with the downregulation of an array of genes involved in de novo lipogenesis, including Srebf1, Acaca, Acacb and Fasn. Further investigations revealed that activation of the lipogenic pathway by NNMT was independent of its NAD+-enhancing action; however, increased cellular NAD+, resulting from NNMT inhibition, was associated with marked liver AMPK activation. CONCLUSIONS ER stress, specifically PERK-ATF4 pathway activation, is mechanistically involved in hepatic NNMT upregulation in response to chronic alcohol exposure. Overexpression of NNMT in the liver plays an important role in the pathogenesis of ALD. LAY SUMMARY In this study, we show that nicotinamide methyltransferase (NNMT) - the enzyme that catalyzes nicotinamide degradation - is a pathological regulator of alcohol-related fatty liver development. NNMT inhibition protects against alcohol-induced fatty liver development and is associated with suppressed de novo lipogenic activity and enhanced AMPK activation. Thus, our data suggest that NNMT may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of alcohol-related liver disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Song
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yingli Chen
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,College of Medical Laboratory Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing, Heilongjiang, PR. China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Medical College and The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR. China
| | - Liuyi Hao
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research and Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Chuyi Huang
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alexandra Griffiths
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zhaoli Sun
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zhangxiang Zhou
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research and Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Zhenyuan Song
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Identification of rare variants in CADM1 in patients with anorexia nervosa. Psychiatry Res 2020; 291:113191. [PMID: 32544712 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
As a polygenic psychiatric disorder, the genetics of anorexia nervosa (AN) remains largely unexplored. Recently a large GWAS meta-analysis identified a significant SNP (rs6589488) as associated with AN. We suggested that rs6589488 might have gotten its association as being in linkage disequilibrium with unknown variants or functional intronic variants. In a selective cohort containing 51 patients diagnosed with restrictive subtype AN, we screened the whole coding region of the CADM1gene by Sanger sequencing and further investigated if these variants are associated with specific outcome. Only 13 single nucleotide polymorphisms, including 2 missense variants, 2 synonymous variants, 2 variants located at 5'-UTR and 7 intronic variants, including rs6589488, were identified in our AN cohort. The 2 missense variants, p.Val5Leu and p.Asp285Glu were not predicted to be deleterious. In conclusion, the intronic initial variant appears to be not associated with causative coding variant in the vicinity. If CADM1 is not the AN predisposition factor, the causative variant probably lies within 1 Mb of CADM1. Interestingly, among the 7 closest genes to CADM1, the nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) gene is known to be associated with obesity. We suggest that the intronic variant in CADM1 could be in linkage disequilibrium with other causative variants located in NNMT.
Collapse
|
38
|
Fan L, Cacicedo JM, Ido Y. Impaired nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD + ) metabolism in diabetes and diabetic tissues: Implications for nicotinamide-related compound treatment. J Diabetes Investig 2020; 11:1403-1419. [PMID: 32428995 PMCID: PMC7610120 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the biochemical abnormalities found in diabetic tissues is a decrease in the cytosolic oxidized to reduced forms of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide ratio (NAD+/NADH also known as pseudohypoxia) caused by oxidation of excessive substrates (glucose through the polyol pathway, free fatty acids and lactate). Subsequently, a decline in NAD+ levels as a result of the activation of poly adenine nucleotide diphosphate‐ribose polymerase (mainly in type 1 diabetes) or the inhibition of adenine nucleotide monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (in type 2 diabetes). Thus, replenishment of NAD+ levels by nicotinamide‐related compounds could be beneficial. However, these compounds also increase nicotinamide catabolites that cause oxidative stress. This is particularly troublesome for patients with diabetes, because they have impaired nicotinamide salvage pathway reactions at the level of nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase and phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate, which occurs by the following mechanisms. First, phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthesis from pentose phosphate pathway is compromised by a decrease in plasma thiamine and transketolase activity. Second, nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase expression is decreased because of reduced adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase activity, which occurs in type 2 diabetes. The adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase inhibition is caused by an activation of protein kinase C and D1 as a result of enhanced diacylglycerol synthesis caused by pseudohypoxia and increased fatty acids levels. In this regard, nicotinamide‐related compounds should be given with caution to treat diabetes. To minimize the risk and maximize the benefit, nicotinamide‐related compounds should be taken with insulin sensitizers (for type 2 diabetes), polyphenols, benfotiamine, acetyl‐L‐carnitine and aldose reductase inhibitors. The efficacy of these regimens can be monitored by measuring serum NAD+ and urinary nicotinamide catabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lan Fan
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jose M Cacicedo
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yasuo Ido
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Synthesis and physicochemical properties of 20-mer peptide nucleic acid conjugates with testosterone 17β-carboxylic acid. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.151781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
40
|
Zhao C, Li W, Duan H, Li Z, Jia Y, Zhang S, Wang X, Zhou Q, Shi W. NAD + precursors protect corneal endothelial cells from UVB-induced apoptosis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 318:C796-C805. [PMID: 32049549 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00445.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Excessive exposure of the eye to ultraviolet B light (UVB) leads to corneal edema and opacification because of the apoptosis of the corneal endothelium. Our previous study found that nicotinamide (NIC), the precursor of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), could inhibit the endothelial-mesenchymal transition and accelerate healing the wound to the corneal endothelium in the rabbit. Here we hypothesize that NIC may possess the capacity to protect the cornea from UVB-induced endothelial apoptosis. Therefore, a mouse model and a cultured cell model were used to examine the effect of NAD+ precursors, including NIC, nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), and NAD, on the UVB-induced apoptosis of corneal endothelial cells (CECs). The results showed that UVB irradiation caused apparent corneal edema and cell apoptosis in mice, accompanied by reduced levels of NAD+ and its key biosynthesis enzyme, nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), in the corneal endothelium. However, the subconjunctival injection of NIC, NMN, or NAD+ effectively prevented UVB-induced tissue damage and endothelial cell apoptosis in the mouse cornea. Moreover, pretreatment using NIC, NMN, and NAD+ increased the survival rate and inhibited the apoptosis of cultured human CECs irradiated by UVB. Mechanistically, pretreatment using nicotinamide (NIC) recovered the AKT activation level and decreased the BAX/BCL-2 ratio. In addition, the capacity of NIC to protect CECs was fully reversed in the presence of the AKT inhibitor LY294002. Therefore, we conclude that NAD+ precursors can effectively prevent the apoptosis of the corneal endothelium through reactivating AKT signaling; this represents a potential therapeutic approach for preventing UVB-induced corneal damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Can Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenjing Li
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Haoyun Duan
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Zongyi Li
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanni Jia
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Shandong Eye Hospital, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Songmei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Qingjun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Weiyun Shi
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Shandong Eye Hospital, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Policarpo RL, Decultot L, May E, Kuzmič P, Carlson S, Huang D, Chu V, Wright BA, Dhakshinamoorthy S, Kannt A, Rani S, Dittakavi S, Panarese JD, Gaudet R, Shair MD. High-Affinity Alkynyl Bisubstrate Inhibitors of Nicotinamide N-Methyltransferase (NNMT). J Med Chem 2019; 62:9837-9873. [PMID: 31589440 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) is a metabolic enzyme that methylates nicotinamide (NAM) using cofactor S-adenosylmethionine (SAM). NNMT overexpression has been linked to diabetes, obesity, and various cancers. In this work, structure-based rational design led to the development of potent and selective alkynyl bisubstrate inhibitors of NNMT. The reported nicotinamide-SAM conjugate (named NS1) features an alkyne as a key design element that closely mimics the linear, 180° transition state geometry found in the NNMT-catalyzed SAM → NAM methyl transfer reaction. NS1 was synthesized in 14 steps and found to be a high-affinity, subnanomolar NNMT inhibitor. An X-ray cocrystal structure and SAR study revealed the ability of an alkynyl linker to span the methyl transfer tunnel of NNMT with ideal shape complementarity. The compounds reported in this work represent the most potent and selective NNMT inhibitors reported to date. The rational design principle described herein could potentially be extended to other methyltransferase enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Petr Kuzmič
- BioKin Ltd. , Watertown , Massachusetts 02472 , United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Aimo Kannt
- Sanofi Research and Development , Industriepark Hoechst, H823 , D-65926 Frankfurt am Main , Germany
| | - Shilpa Rani
- Jubilant Biosys Ltd. , Yeshwantpur, Bangalore , 560 022 Karnataka , India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Hughey CC, James FD, Wang Z, Goelzer M, Wasserman DH. Dysregulated transmethylation leading to hepatocellular carcinoma compromises redox homeostasis and glucose formation. Mol Metab 2019; 23:1-13. [PMID: 30850319 PMCID: PMC6479583 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The loss of liver glycine N-methyltransferase (GNMT) promotes liver steatosis and the transition to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Previous work showed endogenous glucose production is reduced in GNMT-null mice with gluconeogenic precursors being used in alternative biosynthetic pathways that utilize methyl donors and are linked to tumorigenesis. This metabolic programming occurs before the appearance of HCC in GNMT-null mice. The metabolic physiology that sustains liver tumor formation in GNMT-null mice is unknown. The studies presented here tested the hypothesis that nutrient flux pivots from glucose production to pathways that incorporate and metabolize methyl groups in GNMT-null mice with HCC. Methods 2H/13C metabolic flux analysis was performed in conscious, unrestrained mice lacking GNMT to quantify glucose formation and associated nutrient fluxes. Molecular analyses of livers from mice lacking GNMT including metabolomic, immunoblotting, and immunochemistry were completed to fully interpret the nutrient fluxes. Results GNMT knockout (KO) mice showed lower blood glucose that was accompanied by a reduction in liver glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. NAD+ was lower and the NAD(P)H-to-NAD(P)+ ratio was higher in livers of KO mice. Indices of NAD+ synthesis and catabolism, pentose phosphate pathway flux, and glutathione synthesis were dysregulated in KO mice. Conclusion Glucose precursor flux away from glucose formation towards pathways that regulate redox status increase in the liver. Moreover, synthesis and scavenging of NAD+ are both impaired resulting in reduced concentrations. This metabolic program blunts an increase in methyl donor availability, however, biosynthetic pathways underlying HCC are activated. Loss of glycine N-methyltransferase results in hepatocellular carcinoma. Metabolic reprogramming ensues to attenuate the increased S-adenosylmethionine. The metabolic changes include dysregulated liver NAD+ homeostasis and redox state. Liver glucose formation is reduced and precursors directed to biosynthetic pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Curtis C Hughey
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Freyja D James
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Zhizhang Wang
- Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mickael Goelzer
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - David H Wasserman
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| |
Collapse
|