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Song Y, Zhang J, Luo Z, Wu L, Cai Z, Zhong X, Zeng X, Cao T, Chen HE, Xu S, Wang CY. Association between dietary branched-chain amino acids and multiple chronic conditions among older adults in Chinese communities. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2024; 21:56. [PMID: 39080679 PMCID: PMC11290232 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-024-00825-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association of BCAAs (isoleucine, leucine, and valine) with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases has been widely recognized by researchers, but there is limited evidence to support the relationship between BCAAs and multiple chronic conditions (MCCs) in older adults. This study aimed to explore the correlation between BCAA levels in the diets of older adults and MCCs. METHODS Based on a health management cohort project in Nanshan District of Shenzhen, 4278 individuals over 65 years old were selected as participants via multi-stage stratified sampling from May 2018 to December 2019. Data were collected using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, as well as anthropometric and chronic disease reports. MCC was defined as the coexistence of two or more chronic diseases, namely, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, CAD, stroke, CKD, and CLD. Multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between dietary BCAAs and MCCs in older adults, and then, gender stratification analysis was performed. A restricted cubic spline model (a fitted smooth curve) was used to determine the dose-response relationship of isoleucine with MCCs. RESULTS A total of 4278 older adults aged 65 and above were included in this study, with an average age of 72.73 ± 5.49 years. The cohort included 1861 males (43.50%). Regardless of whether confounding factors were corrected, isoleucine was a risk factor for MCCs (OR = 3.388, 95%CI:1.415,8.109). After gender stratification, the relationships between dietary isoleucine and MCCs (OR = 6.902, 95%CI:1.875,25.402) and between leucine (OR = 0.506,95%CI:0.309,0.830) and MCCs were significant in women, but not in men. No significant association between valine and MCCs was observed. In addition, isoleucine was a risk factor for MCCs when its intake was greater than 4.297 g/d. CONCLUSION Isoleucine may play an important role in regulating age-related diseases. BCAAs such as isoleucine can be used as risk markers for MCCs in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanfeng Song
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Prevention and Control, Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Prevention and Control, Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China
| | - Ziqiang Luo
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Prevention and Control, Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China
| | - Lanlan Wu
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Prevention and Control, Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China
| | - Zhaopei Cai
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Prevention and Control, Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China
| | - Xiaoqi Zhong
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Prevention and Control, Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China
| | - Xiaoxue Zeng
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Prevention and Control, Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China
| | - Tingxi Cao
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Prevention and Control, Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China
| | - Hong-En Chen
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Prevention and Control, Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China
| | - Shan Xu
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Prevention and Control, Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China
| | - Chang-Yi Wang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China.
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Prevention and Control, Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China.
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Tanase DM, Valasciuc E, Costea CF, Scripcariu DV, Ouatu A, Hurjui LL, Tarniceriu CC, Floria DE, Ciocoiu M, Baroi LG, Floria M. Duality of Branched-Chain Amino Acids in Chronic Cardiovascular Disease: Potential Biomarkers versus Active Pathophysiological Promoters. Nutrients 2024; 16:1972. [PMID: 38931325 PMCID: PMC11206939 DOI: 10.3390/nu16121972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), comprising leucine (Leu), isoleucine (Ile), and valine (Val), are essential nutrients vital for protein synthesis and metabolic regulation via specialized signaling networks. Their association with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) has become a focal point of scientific debate, with emerging evidence suggesting both beneficial and detrimental roles. This review aims to dissect the multifaceted relationship between BCAAs and cardiovascular health, exploring the molecular mechanisms and clinical implications. Elevated BCAA levels have also been linked to insulin resistance (IR), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), inflammation, and dyslipidemia, which are well-established risk factors for CVD. Central to these processes are key pathways such as mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activate B cells (NF-κB)-mediated inflammation, and oxidative stress. Additionally, the interplay between BCAA metabolism and gut microbiota, particularly the production of metabolites like trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), adds another layer of complexity. Contrarily, some studies propose that BCAAs may have cardioprotective effects under certain conditions, contributing to muscle maintenance and metabolic health. This review critically evaluates the evidence, addressing the biological basis and signal transduction mechanism, and also discusses the potential for BCAAs to act as biomarkers versus active mediators of cardiovascular pathology. By presenting a balanced analysis, this review seeks to clarify the contentious roles of BCAAs in CVD, providing a foundation for future research and therapeutic strategies required because of the rising prevalence, incidence, and total burden of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Maria Tanase
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.M.T.); (A.O.); (D.E.F.); (M.F.)
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, Iasi 700111, Romania
| | - Emilia Valasciuc
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.M.T.); (A.O.); (D.E.F.); (M.F.)
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, Iasi 700111, Romania
| | - Claudia Florida Costea
- Department of Ophthalmology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- 2nd Ophthalmology Clinic, “Prof. Dr. Nicolae Oblu” Emergency Clinical Hospital, 700309 Iași, Romania
| | - Dragos Viorel Scripcariu
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- Regional Institute of Oncology, 700483 Iasi, Romania
| | - Anca Ouatu
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.M.T.); (A.O.); (D.E.F.); (M.F.)
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, Iasi 700111, Romania
| | - Loredana Liliana Hurjui
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences II, Physiology Discipline, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- Hematology Laboratory, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Claudia Cristina Tarniceriu
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences I, Discipline of Anatomy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- Hematology Clinic, “Sf. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Diana Elena Floria
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.M.T.); (A.O.); (D.E.F.); (M.F.)
- Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Manuela Ciocoiu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Livia Genoveva Baroi
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- Department of Vascular Surgery, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mariana Floria
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.M.T.); (A.O.); (D.E.F.); (M.F.)
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, Iasi 700111, Romania
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Zhang Y, Zhan L, Zhang L, Shi Q, Li L. Branched-Chain Amino Acids in Liver Diseases: Complexity and Controversy. Nutrients 2024; 16:1875. [PMID: 38931228 PMCID: PMC11206364 DOI: 10.3390/nu16121875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), as essential amino acids, engage in various physiological processes, such as protein synthesis, energy supply, and cellular signaling. The liver is a crucial site for BCAA metabolism, linking the changes in BCAA homeostasis with the pathogenesis of a variety of liver diseases and their complications. Peripheral circulating BCAA levels show complex trends in different liver diseases. This review delineates the alterations of BCAAs in conditions including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatocellular carcinoma, cirrhosis, hepatic encephalopathy, hepatitis C virus infection, and acute liver failure, as well as the potential mechanisms underlying these changes. A significant amount of clinical research has utilized BCAA supplements in the treatment of patients with cirrhosis and liver cancer. However, the efficacy of BCAA supplementation in clinical practice remains uncertain and controversial due to the heterogeneity of studies. This review delves into the complicated relationship between BCAAs and liver diseases and tries to untangle what role BCAAs play in the occurrence, development, and outcomes of liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Luqi Zhan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Lingjian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou 310003, China
- Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Qingmiao Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou 310003, China
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Xu H, Gupta S, Dinsmore I, Kollu A, Cawley AM, Anwar MY, Chen HH, Petty LE, Seshadri S, Graff M, Below P, Brody JA, Chittoor G, Fisher-Hoch SP, Heard-Costa NL, Levy D, Lin H, Loos RJF, Mccormick JB, Rotter JI, Mirshahi T, Still CD, Destefano A, Cupples LA, Mohlke KL, North KE, Justice AE, Liu CT. Integrating Genetic and Transcriptomic Data to Identify Genes Underlying Obesity Risk Loci. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.06.11.24308730. [PMID: 38903089 PMCID: PMC11188121 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.11.24308730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified numerous body mass index (BMI) loci. However, most underlying mechanisms from risk locus to BMI remain unknown. Leveraging omics data through integrative analyses could provide more comprehensive views of biological pathways on BMI. We analyzed genotype and blood gene expression data in up to 5,619 samples from the Framingham Heart Study (FHS). Using 3,992 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at 97 BMI loci and 20,692 transcripts within 1 Mb, we performed separate association analyses of transcript with BMI and SNP with transcript (PBMI and PSNP, respectively) and then a correlated meta-analysis between the full summary data sets (PMETA). We identified transcripts that met Bonferroni-corrected significance for each omic, were more significant in the correlated meta-analysis than each omic, and were at least nominally associated with BMI in FHS data. Among 308 significant SNP-transcript-BMI associations, we identified seven genes (NT5C2, GSTM3, SNAPC3, SPNS1, TMEM245, YPEL3, and ZNF646) in five association regions. Using an independent sample of blood gene expression data, we validated results for SNAPC3 and YPEL3. We tested for generalization of these associations in hypothalamus, nucleus accumbens, and liver and observed significant (PMETA<0.05 & PMETA
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanfei Xu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, 801 Massachusettes Ave, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Shreyash Gupta
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Geisinger, 100 N. Academy Ave., Danville, PA, 17822, USA
| | - Ian Dinsmore
- Department of Genomic Health, Geisinger, 100 N. Academy Ave., Danville, PA, 17822, USA
| | - Abbey Kollu
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina, 235 E. Cameron Avenue, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Anne Marie Cawley
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina, 125 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Mohammad Y. Anwar
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, 135 Dauer Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Hung-Hsin Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Section 2, Academia Rd., Taipei, Nangang District, 115201, Taiwan
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Ave S, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Lauren E. Petty
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Ave S, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, 801 Massachusettes Ave, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Boston University, 85 East Concord Street, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s & Neurodegenerative Diseases, UT Health San Antonio, 8300 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Misa Graff
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, 135 Dauer Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Piper Below
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Ave S, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Jennifer A. Brody
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, 1730 Minor Ave, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
| | - Geetha Chittoor
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Geisinger, 100 N. Academy Ave., Danville, PA, 17822, USA
| | - Susan P. Fisher-Hoch
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, UT Health Houston, Regional Academic Health Center, One West University Blvd, Brownsville, TX, 78520, USA
| | - Nancy L. Heard-Costa
- Framingham Heart Study, 73 Mt Wayte Ave, Framingham, MA, 01702, USA
- Department of Neurology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, 72 E Concord St, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Daniel Levy
- Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health, 6701 Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Honghuang Lin
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, 55 N Lake Ave, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA
| | - Ruth JF. Loos
- Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine at Mount Sinai, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Pl, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3A, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Joseph B. Mccormick
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, UT Health Houston, Regional Academic Health Center, One West University Blvd, Brownsville, TX, 78520, USA
| | - Jerome I. Rotter
- Department of Pediatrics, The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1124 West Carson Street, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA
| | - Tooraj Mirshahi
- Department of Genomic Health, Geisinger, 100 N. Academy Ave., Danville, PA, 17822, USA
| | - Christopher D. Still
- Center for Obesity and Metabolic Health, Geisinger, 100 N. Academy Ave., Danville, PA, 17822, USA
| | - Anita Destefano
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, 801 Massachusettes Ave, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Boston University, 85 East Concord Street, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - L. Adrienne Cupples
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, 801 Massachusettes Ave, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Karen L Mohlke
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Kari E. North
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, 135 Dauer Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Anne E. Justice
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Geisinger, 100 N. Academy Ave., Danville, PA, 17822, USA
| | - Ching-Ti Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, 801 Massachusettes Ave, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
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Zhang F, Shan S, Fu C, Guo S, Liu C, Wang S. Advanced Mass Spectrometry-Based Biomarker Identification for Metabolomics of Diabetes Mellitus and Its Complications. Molecules 2024; 29:2530. [PMID: 38893405 PMCID: PMC11173766 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the years, there has been notable progress in understanding the pathogenesis and treatment modalities of diabetes and its complications, including the application of metabolomics in the study of diabetes, capturing attention from researchers worldwide. Advanced mass spectrometry, including gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS), liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS), etc., has significantly broadened the spectrum of detectable metabolites, even at lower concentrations. Advanced mass spectrometry has emerged as a powerful tool in diabetes research, particularly in the context of metabolomics. By leveraging the precision and sensitivity of advanced mass spectrometry techniques, researchers have unlocked a wealth of information within the metabolome. This technology has enabled the identification and quantification of potential biomarkers associated with diabetes and its complications, providing new ideas and methods for clinical diagnostics and metabolic studies. Moreover, it offers a less invasive, or even non-invasive, means of tracking disease progression, evaluating treatment efficacy, and understanding the underlying metabolic alterations in diabetes. This paper summarizes advanced mass spectrometry for the application of metabolomics in diabetes mellitus, gestational diabetes mellitus, diabetic peripheral neuropathy, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic encephalopathy, diabetic cardiomyopathy, and diabetic foot ulcers and organizes some of the potential biomarkers of the different complications with the aim of providing ideas and methods for subsequent in-depth metabolic research and searching for new ways of treating the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feixue Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Medicine Research Institute, Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China; (F.Z.); (C.F.); (S.G.)
| | - Shan Shan
- College of Life Science, National R&D Center for Freshwater Fish Processing, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China;
| | - Chenlu Fu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Medicine Research Institute, Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China; (F.Z.); (C.F.); (S.G.)
- School of Pharmacy, Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Shuang Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Medicine Research Institute, Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China; (F.Z.); (C.F.); (S.G.)
| | - Chao Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Medicine Research Institute, Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China; (F.Z.); (C.F.); (S.G.)
| | - Shuanglong Wang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China
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Zhang F, Chen X, Yang M, Shen X, Wang Y, Zhong D, Zeng F, Jin R. Metabolic impairments associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus and the potential effects of exercise therapy: An exploratory randomized trial based on untargeted metabolomics. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300593. [PMID: 38517904 PMCID: PMC10959348 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a common condition that is characterized by metabolic impairments. Exercise therapy has proven effective in improving the physiological and psychological states of patients with T2DM; however, the influence of different exercise modalities on metabolic profiles is not fully understood. This study first aimed to investigate the metabolic changes associated with T2DM among patients and then to evaluate the potential physiological effects of different exercise modalities (Tai Chi and brisk walking) on their metabolic profiles. METHODS This study included 20 T2DM patients and 11 healthy subjects. Patients were randomly allocated to either the Tai Chi or walking group to perform Dijia simplified 24-form Tai Chi or brisk walking (80-100 m/min), with 90 minutes each time, three times per week for 12 weeks, for a total of 36 sessions. The healthy group maintained daily living habits without intervention. Glycemic tests were conducted at the baseline and after 12 weeks. Serum and urine samples were collected for untargeted metabolomic analyses at baseline and 12 weeks to examine the differential metabolic profiles between T2DM and healthy subjects, and the metabolic alterations of T2DM patients before and after exercise therapy. RESULTS Compared to the healthy group, T2DM patients exhibited metabolic disturbances in carbohydrates (fructose, mannose, galactose, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis), lipids (inositol phosphate), and amino acids (arginine, proline, cysteine, methionine, valine, leucine, and isoleucine) metabolism, including 20 differential metabolites in the serum and six in the urine. After exercise, the glycemic results showed insignificant changes. However, patients who practiced Tai Chi showed significant improvements in their post-treatment metabolic profiles compared to baseline, with nine serum and six urine metabolites, including branch-chained amino acids (BCAAs); while those in the walking group had significantly altered nine serum and four urine metabolites concerning steroid hormone biosynthesis and arachidonic acid metabolism compared to baseline. CONCLUSION T2DM patients displayed impaired carbohydrate, lipid, and amino acid metabolism, and exercise therapy improved their metabolic health. Different modalities may act through different pathways. Tai Chi may improve disrupted BCAAs metabolism, whereas brisk walking mainly regulates steroid hormone biosynthesis and arachidonic acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furong Zhang
- College of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xixi Chen
- College of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingxiao Yang
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Xiaoyu Shen
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College/Nuclear Industry 416 Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yiliang Wang
- Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Dongling Zhong
- College of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Fang Zeng
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Acupuncture-Brain Science Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Rongjiang Jin
- College of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Doumatey AP, Shriner D, Zhou J, Lei L, Chen G, Oluwasola-Taiwo O, Nkem S, Ogundeji A, Adebamowo SN, Bentley AR, Gouveia MH, Meeks KAC, Adebamowo CA, Adeyemo AA, Rotimi CN. Untargeted metabolomic profiling reveals molecular signatures associated with type 2 diabetes in Nigerians. Genome Med 2024; 16:38. [PMID: 38444015 PMCID: PMC10913364 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-024-01308-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has reached epidemic proportions globally, including in Africa. However, molecular studies to understand the pathophysiology of T2D remain scarce outside Europe and North America. The aims of this study are to use an untargeted metabolomics approach to identify: (a) metabolites that are differentially expressed between individuals with and without T2D and (b) a metabolic signature associated with T2D in a population of Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). METHODS A total of 580 adult Nigerians from the Africa America Diabetes Mellitus (AADM) study were studied. The discovery study included 310 individuals (210 without T2D, 100 with T2D). Metabolites in plasma were assessed by reverse phase, ultra-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (RP)/UPLC-MS/MS methods on the Metabolon Platform. Welch's two-sample t-test was used to identify differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs), followed by the construction of a biomarker panel using a random forest (RF) algorithm. The biomarker panel was evaluated in a replication sample of 270 individuals (110 without T2D and 160 with T2D) from the same study. RESULTS Untargeted metabolomic analyses revealed 280 DEMs between individuals with and without T2D. The DEMs predominantly belonged to the lipid (51%, 142/280), amino acid (21%, 59/280), xenobiotics (13%, 35/280), carbohydrate (4%, 10/280) and nucleotide (4%, 10/280) super pathways. At the sub-pathway level, glycolysis, free fatty acid, bile metabolism, and branched chain amino acid catabolism were altered in T2D individuals. A 10-metabolite biomarker panel including glucose, gluconate, mannose, mannonate, 1,5-anhydroglucitol, fructose, fructosyl-lysine, 1-carboxylethylleucine, metformin, and methyl-glucopyranoside predicted T2D with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.924 (95% CI: 0.845-0.966) and a predicted accuracy of 89.3%. The panel was validated with a similar AUC (0.935, 95% CI 0.906-0.958) in the replication cohort. The 10 metabolites in the biomarker panel correlated significantly with several T2D-related glycemic indices, including Hba1C, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and diabetes duration. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that metabolomic dysregulation associated with T2D in Nigerians affects multiple processes, including glycolysis, free fatty acid and bile metabolism, and branched chain amino acid catabolism. Our study replicated previous findings in other populations and identified a metabolic signature that could be used as a biomarker panel of T2D risk and glycemic control thus enhancing our knowledge of molecular pathophysiologic changes in T2D. The metabolomics dataset generated in this study represents an invaluable addition to publicly available multi-omics data on understudied African ancestry populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayo P Doumatey
- Center for Research On Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 12 South Drive, Building 12 A, Room 1025A, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Daniel Shriner
- Center for Research On Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 12 South Drive, Building 12 A, Room 1025A, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jie Zhou
- Center for Research On Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 12 South Drive, Building 12 A, Room 1025A, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Lin Lei
- Center for Research On Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 12 South Drive, Building 12 A, Room 1025A, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Guanjie Chen
- Center for Research On Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 12 South Drive, Building 12 A, Room 1025A, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | | | - Susan Nkem
- Center for Bioethics & Research, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | - Sally N Adebamowo
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, and the Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amy R Bentley
- Center for Research On Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 12 South Drive, Building 12 A, Room 1025A, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Mateus H Gouveia
- Center for Research On Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 12 South Drive, Building 12 A, Room 1025A, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Karlijn A C Meeks
- Center for Research On Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 12 South Drive, Building 12 A, Room 1025A, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Clement A Adebamowo
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, and the Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Adebowale A Adeyemo
- Center for Research On Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 12 South Drive, Building 12 A, Room 1025A, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Charles N Rotimi
- Center for Research On Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 12 South Drive, Building 12 A, Room 1025A, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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Gradisteanu Pircalabioru G, Musat M, Elian V, Iliescu C. Liquid Biopsy: A Game Changer for Type 2 Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2661. [PMID: 38473908 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
As the burden of type 2 diabetes (T2D) continues to escalate globally, there is a growing need for novel, less-invasive biomarkers capable of early diabetes detection and monitoring of disease progression. Liquid biopsy, recognized for its minimally invasive nature, is increasingly being applied beyond oncology, and nevertheless shows its potential when the collection of the tissue biopsy is not possible. This diagnostic approach involves utilizing liquid biopsy markers such as cell-free nucleic acids, extracellular vesicles, and diverse metabolites for the molecular diagnosis of T2D and its related complications. In this context, we thoroughly examine recent developments in T2D liquid biopsy research. Additionally, we discuss the primary challenges and future prospects of employing liquid biopsy in the management of T2D. Prognosis, diagnosis and monitoring of T2D through liquid biopsy could be a game-changing technique for personalized diabetes management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gratiela Gradisteanu Pircalabioru
- eBio-Hub Research-Center, National University of Science and Technology "Politehnica" Bucharest, 6 Iuliu Maniu Bulevard, Campus Building, 061344 Bucharest, Romania
- Research Institute of University of Bucharest, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 3 Ilfov Str., 050094 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Madalina Musat
- eBio-Hub Research-Center, National University of Science and Technology "Politehnica" Bucharest, 6 Iuliu Maniu Bulevard, Campus Building, 061344 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Endocrinology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 030167 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Endocrinology, C.I. Parhon National Institute of Endocrinology, 011683 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Viviana Elian
- Department of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 5-7 Ion Movila Street, 030167 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Prof. Dr. N. C. Paulescu National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, 030167 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ciprian Iliescu
- eBio-Hub Research-Center, National University of Science and Technology "Politehnica" Bucharest, 6 Iuliu Maniu Bulevard, Campus Building, 061344 Bucharest, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 3 Ilfov Str., 050094 Bucharest, Romania
- National Research and Development Institute in Microtechnologies-IMT Bucharest, 126A Erou Iancu Nicolae Street, 077190 Voluntari, Romania
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Torki SA, Bahadori E, Aghakhaninejad Z, Mohseni GK, Tajadod S, Rajabi Harsini A, Azaryan F, Saeedirad Z, Askarpour SA, Mahmoudi Z, Khoshdooz S, Bahar B, Shafaei H, Mosavi Jarrahi SA, Doaei S, Nazemi S, Gholamalizadeh M. Association between type 2 diabetes and branched chain amino acids (BCAA); a case-control study. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2023; 22:1291-1297. [PMID: 37975111 PMCID: PMC10638320 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-023-01247-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Background Several amino acids and their derivatives have been implicated in insulin resistance (IR) and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). This research sought to establish a relationship between the dietary levels of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) and the risk of T2DM. Methods This case-control study was carried out on 4200 participants consisting of 589 people with T2DM and 3611 non-diabetic aged 35 to 70 years residents in Sabzevar, Iran. Data on the economic-social, employment status, medical history, lifestyle, and sleep habits were collected via interview. The food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to check the nutritional status. Participants' dietary BCAA consumption was estimated using Nutritionist IV software. Results A significant negative association between the incidence of T2DM and the dietary levels of BCAAs after adjustment for age and sex (OR = 0.972, CI 95%:0.648-0.996, P = 0.022). The negative association remained significant after additional adjustments for body mass index (BMI) and physical activity (OR = 0.967, CI 95%: 0.943-0.992, P = 0.010). Interestingly, a positive association was found between T2DM and total BCAAs (OR = 1.067, CI 95%: 1.017-1.119, P = 0.008), Isoleucine (OR = 1.248, CI 95%: 1.043-1.494, P = 0.016), Leucine (OR = 1.165, CI 95%: 1.046-1.299, P = 0.006) and Valine (OR = 1.274, CI 95%: 1.088-1.492, P = 0.003) after further adjustment for calorie intake. Conclusions Our results demonstrate branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) including isoleucine, leucine, and valine are negatively associated with the incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) after adjusting for age and sex, BMI, and physical activity. However, adjusting for calorie intake reversed the association between T2DM and BCAAs. These findings suggest that the association between BCAAs and T2DM may be influenced by calorie intake. Future longitudinal studies are warranted. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-023-01247-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saheb Abbas Torki
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Effat Bahadori
- Department of Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zohreh Aghakhaninejad
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Golsa Khalatbari Mohseni
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Shirin Tajadod
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, International Campus, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asma Rajabi Harsini
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Azaryan
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Zahra Saeedirad
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Askarpour
- Division of Food Safety and Hygiene, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Mahmoudi
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Bojlul Bahar
- Nutrition Sciences and Applied Food Safety Studies, Research Centre for Global Development, School of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - Hanieh Shafaei
- Nursing and Midwifery School, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | | | - Saeid Doaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samad Nazemi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sabzevar University of Medical Science, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Maryam Gholamalizadeh
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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10
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Krasauskaite J, Conway B, Weir C, Huang Z, Price J. Exploration of Metabolomic Markers Associated With Declining Kidney Function in People With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J Endocr Soc 2023; 8:bvad166. [PMID: 38174155 PMCID: PMC10763986 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvad166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolomics, the study of small molecules in biological systems, can provide valuable insights into kidney dysfunction in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but prospective studies are scarce. We investigated the association between metabolites and kidney function decline in people with T2DM. Methods The Edinburgh Type 2 Diabetes Study, a population-based cohort of 1066 men and women aged 60 to 75 years with T2DM. We measured 149 serum metabolites at baseline and investigated individual associations with baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), incident chronic kidney disease [CKD; eGFR <60 mL/min/(1.73 m)2], and decliner status (5% eGFR decline per year). Results At baseline, mean eGFR was 77.5 mL/min/(1.73 m)2 (n = 1058), and 216 individuals had evidence of CKD. Of those without CKD, 155 developed CKD over a median 7-year follow-up. Eighty-eight metabolites were significantly associated with baseline eGFR (β range -4.08 to 3.92; PFDR < 0.001). Very low density lipoproteins, triglycerides, amino acids (AAs), glycoprotein acetyls, and fatty acids showed inverse associations, while cholesterol and phospholipids in high-density lipoproteins exhibited positive associations. AA isoleucine, apolipoprotein A1, and total cholines were not only associated with baseline kidney measures (PFDR < 0.05) but also showed stable, nominally significant association with incident CKD and decline. Conclusion Our study revealed widespread changes within the metabolomic profile of CKD, particularly in lipoproteins and their lipid compounds. We identified a smaller number of individual metabolites that are specifically associated with kidney function decline. Replication studies are needed to confirm the longitudinal findings and explore if metabolic signals at baseline can predict kidney decline.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bryan Conway
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, University of Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Christopher Weir
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Zhe Huang
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jackie Price
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Edinburgh, UK
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11
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Najafi F, Mohseni P, Pasdar Y, Niknam M, Izadi N. The association between dietary amino acid profile and the risk of type 2 diabetes: Ravansar non-communicable disease cohort study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2284. [PMID: 37980456 PMCID: PMC10657569 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17210-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is one of the most common chronic diseases and the main risk factors for T2D consist of a combination of lifestyle, unhealthy diet, and genetic factors. Amino acids are considered to be a major component of dietary sources for many of the associations between dietary protein and chronic disease. Therefore, this study amied to determine the association between dietary amino acid intakes and the incidence of T2D. METHODS The present nested case-control study was conducted using data from the Ravansar Non-Communicable Disease (RaNCD) Cohort Study. The information required for this study was collected from individuals who participated in the Adult Cohort Study from the start of the study until September 2023. Over a 6-year follow-up period, data from 113 new T2D cases were available. Four controls were then randomly selected for each case using density sampling. Cases and controls were matched for sex and age at the interview. Food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to collect data related to all amino acids including tryptophan, threonine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, cysteine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, valine, arginine, histidine, alanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, proline, and serine were also extracted. Binary logistic regression was used to estimate the crude and adjusted odds ratio for the risk of T2D. RESULTS Using the univariable model, a significant association was found between T2D risk and branched-chain, alkaline, sulfuric, and essential amino acids in the fourth quartile. Accordingly, individuals in the fourth quartile had a 1.81- to 1.87-fold higher risk of developing new T2D than individuals in the lowest quartile (P<0.05). After adjustment for several variables, the risk of developing a new T2D was 2.70 (95% CI: 1.16-6.31), 2.68 (95% CI: 1.16-6.21), 2.98 (95% CI: 1.27-6.96), 2.45 (95% CI: 1.02-5.90), and 2.66 (95% CI: 1.13-6.25) times higher, for individuals in the fourth quartile of branched-chain, alkaline, sulfuric, alcoholic, and essential amino acids compared with those in the lowest quartile, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The results showed that the risk of developing a new T2D was higher for individuals in the fourth quartile of branched-chain amino acids, alkaline, sulfate, and essential amino acids than in the lower quartile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farid Najafi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Parisa Mohseni
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yahya Pasdar
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Niknam
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Izadi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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12
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Shastry A, Dunham-Snary K. Metabolomics and mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiometabolic disease. Life Sci 2023; 333:122137. [PMID: 37788764 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Circulating metabolites are indicators of systemic metabolic dysfunction and can be detected through contemporary techniques in metabolomics. These metabolites are involved in numerous mitochondrial metabolic processes including glycolysis, fatty acid β-oxidation, and amino acid catabolism, and changes in the abundance of these metabolites is implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs). Epigenetic regulation and direct metabolite-protein interactions modulate metabolism, both within cells and in the circulation. Dysfunction of multiple mitochondrial components stemming from mitochondrial DNA mutations are implicated in disease pathogenesis. This review will summarize the current state of knowledge regarding: i) the interactions between metabolites found within the mitochondrial environment during CMDs, ii) various metabolites' effects on cellular and systemic function, iii) how harnessing the power of metabolomic analyses represents the next frontier of precision medicine, and iv) how these concepts integrate to expand the clinical potential for translational cardiometabolic medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Shastry
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Kimberly Dunham-Snary
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada; Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
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13
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Ding Y, Wang S, Lu J. Unlocking the Potential: Amino Acids' Role in Predicting and Exploring Therapeutic Avenues for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Metabolites 2023; 13:1017. [PMID: 37755297 PMCID: PMC10535527 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13091017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus, particularly type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), imposes a significant global burden with adverse clinical outcomes and escalating healthcare expenditures. Early identification of biomarkers can facilitate better screening, earlier diagnosis, and the prevention of diabetes. However, current clinical predictors often fail to detect abnormalities during the prediabetic state. Emerging studies have identified specific amino acids as potential biomarkers for predicting the onset and progression of diabetes. Understanding the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms can offer valuable insights into disease prevention and therapeutic interventions. This review provides a comprehensive summary of evidence supporting the use of amino acids and metabolites as clinical biomarkers for insulin resistance and diabetes. We discuss promising combinations of amino acids, including branched-chain amino acids, aromatic amino acids, glycine, asparagine and aspartate, in the prediction of T2DM. Furthermore, we delve into the mechanisms involving various signaling pathways and the metabolism underlying the role of amino acids in disease development. Finally, we highlight the potential of targeting predictive amino acids for preventive and therapeutic interventions, aiming to inspire further clinical investigations and mitigate the progression of T2DM, particularly in the prediabetic stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilan Ding
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; (Y.D.); (S.W.)
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Shuangyuan Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; (Y.D.); (S.W.)
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jieli Lu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; (Y.D.); (S.W.)
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
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14
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Joshi AD, Rahnavard A, Kachroo P, Mendez KM, Lawrence W, Julián-Serrano S, Hua X, Fuller H, Sinnott-Armstrong N, Tabung FK, Shutta KH, Raffield LM, Darst BF. An epidemiological introduction to human metabolomic investigations. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2023; 34:505-525. [PMID: 37468430 PMCID: PMC10527234 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2023.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Metabolomics holds great promise for uncovering insights around biological processes impacting disease in human epidemiological studies. Metabolites can be measured across biological samples, including plasma, serum, saliva, urine, stool, and whole organs and tissues, offering a means to characterize metabolic processes relevant to disease etiology and traits of interest. Metabolomic epidemiology studies face unique challenges, such as identifying metabolites from targeted and untargeted assays, defining standards for quality control, harmonizing results across platforms that often capture different metabolites, and developing statistical methods for high-dimensional and correlated metabolomic data. In this review, we introduce metabolomic epidemiology to the broader scientific community, discuss opportunities and challenges presented by these studies, and highlight emerging innovations that hold promise to uncover new biological insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit D Joshi
- Clinical & Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ali Rahnavard
- Computational Biology Institute, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Priyadarshini Kachroo
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kevin M Mendez
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wayne Lawrence
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sachelly Julián-Serrano
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Public Health, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Xinwei Hua
- Clinical & Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Cardiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Harriett Fuller
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nasa Sinnott-Armstrong
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Fred K Tabung
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Katherine H Shutta
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laura M Raffield
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Burcu F Darst
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
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Liu J, Wang X, Li Q, Piao C, Fan Z, Zhang Y, Yang S, Wu X. Fecal metabolomics combined with 16S rRNA gene sequencing to analyze the effect of Jiaotai pill intervention in type 2 diabetes mellitus rats. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1135343. [PMID: 37229468 PMCID: PMC10203393 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1135343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The occurrence and development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are closely related to gut microbiota. Jiaotai pill (JTP) is used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus, with definite efficacy in clinical practice. However, it is not clear whether the therapeutic effect is produced by regulating the changes in gut microbiota and its metabolism. In this study, T2DM rat models were established by a high-fat diet and low-dose streptozotocin (STZ). Based on the pharmacodynamic evaluation, the mechanism of JTP in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus was investigated by fecal metabolism and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results showed that JTP decreased blood glucose (FBG, HbA1c) and blood lipid (TC, TG, and LDL) levels and alleviated insulin resistance (FINS, IL-10) in T2DM rats. 16S rRNA gene sequencing results revealed that JTP increased microbiota diversity and reversed the disorder of gut microbiota in T2DM rats, and therefore achieved the therapeutic effect in T2DM. JTP regulated 13 differential flora, which were Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Eubacteriaceae, Prevotellaceae, Ruminococcaceae, Clostridium_IV, Clostridium_XlVa, Eubacterium, Fusicatenibacter, Romboutsia, and Roseburia. Metabolomics analysis showed that JTP interfered with 13 biomarkers to play a therapeutic role in type 2 diabetes mellitus. They were L-Valine, Choline, L-Aspartic acid, Serotonin, L-Lysine, L-Histidine, 3-Hydroxybutyric acid, Pyruvic acid, N-Acetylornithine, Arachidonic acid, L-Tryptophan, L-Alanine, and L-Methionine. KEGG metabolic pathway analysis of the above differential metabolites and gut microbiota by using the MetaboAnalyst database and Picrust software. It was found that JTP treated type 2 diabetes mellitus by affecting metabolic pathways such as amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and lipid metabolism. Spearman correlation analysis revealed high correlations for 7 pharmacological indicators, 12 biomarkers, and 11 gut microbiota. In this study, the therapeutic effect and potential mechanism of JTP on type 2 diabetes mellitus were preliminarily demonstrated by gut microbiota and metabolomics, which could provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of T2DM with JTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Good Laboratory Practice of Drug, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Qiyao Li
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Chengyu Piao
- Good Laboratory Practice of Drug, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Zuowang Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Saisai Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xiuhong Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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Christopoulou I, Kostopoulou E, Matzarapi K, Chasapi SA, Spyroulias GA, Varvarigou A. Identification of Novel Biomarkers in Late Preterm Neonates with Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) Using Urinary Metabolomic Analysis. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13050644. [PMID: 37233686 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13050644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Urine metabolomics is gaining traction as a means of identifying metabolic signatures associated with health and disease states. Thirty-one (31) late preterm (LP) neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and 23 age-matched healthy LPs admitted to the maternity ward of a tertiary hospital were included in the study. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy was employed for urine metabolomic analysis on the 1st and 3rd days of life of the neonates. The data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate statistical analysis. A unique metabolic pattern of enhanced metabolites was identified in the NICU-admitted LPs from the 1st day of life. Metabolic profiles were distinct in LPs presenting with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). The discrepancies likely reflect differences in the gut microbiota, either due to variations in nutrient intake or as a result of medical interventions, such as the administration of antibiotics and other medications. Altered metabolites could potentially serve as biomarkers for identifying critically ill LP neonates or those at high risk for adverse outcomes later in life, including metabolic risks. The discovery of novel biomarkers may uncover potential targets for drug discovery and optimal periods for effective intervention, offering a personalized approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Christopoulou
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Patras Medical School, General University Hospital, 26500 Patras, Greece
| | - Eirini Kostopoulou
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Patras Medical School, General University Hospital, 26500 Patras, Greece
| | | | | | | | - Anastasia Varvarigou
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Patras Medical School, General University Hospital, 26500 Patras, Greece
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Okut H, Lu Y, Palmer ND, Chen YDI, Taylor KD, Norris JM, Lorenzo C, Rotter JI, Langefeld CD, Wagenknecht LE, Bowden DW, Ng MCY. Metabolomic profiling of glucose homeostasis in African Americans: the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Family Study (IRAS-FS). Metabolomics 2023; 19:35. [PMID: 37005925 PMCID: PMC10068644 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-023-01984-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION African Americans are at increased risk for type 2 diabetes. OBJECTIVES This work aimed to examine metabolomic signature of glucose homeostasis in African Americans. METHODS We used an untargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry metabolomic approach to comprehensively profile 727 plasma metabolites among 571 African Americans from the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Family Study (IRAS-FS) and investigate the associations between these metabolites and both the dynamic (SI, insulin sensitivity; AIR, acute insulin response; DI, disposition index; and SG, glucose effectiveness) and basal (HOMA-IR and HOMA-B) measures of glucose homeostasis using univariate and regularized regression models. We also compared the results with our previous findings in the IRAS-FS Mexican Americans. RESULTS We confirmed increased plasma metabolite levels of branched-chain amino acids and their metabolic derivatives, 2-aminoadipate, 2-hydroxybutyrate, glutamate, arginine and its metabolic derivatives, carbohydrate metabolites, and medium- and long-chain fatty acids were associated with insulin resistance, while increased plasma metabolite levels in the glycine, serine and threonine metabolic pathway were associated with insulin sensitivity. We also observed a differential ancestral effect of glutamate on glucose homeostasis with significantly stronger effects observed in African Americans than those previously observed in Mexican Americans. CONCLUSION We extended the observations that metabolites are useful biomarkers in the identification of prediabetes in individuals at risk of type 2 diabetes in African Americans. We revealed, for the first time, differential ancestral effect of certain metabolites (i.e., glutamate) on glucose homeostasis traits. Our study highlights the need for additional comprehensive metabolomic studies in well-characterized multiethnic cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayrettin Okut
- Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Population Health, University of Kansas School of Medicine-Wichita, Wichita, KS, USA
| | - Yingchang Lu
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Nicholette D Palmer
- Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Yii-Der Ida Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Kent D Taylor
- Department of Pediatrics, The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Jill M Norris
- Departments of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Carlos Lorenzo
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Department of Pediatrics, The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Carl D Langefeld
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Lynne E Wagenknecht
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Donald W Bowden
- Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Maggie C Y Ng
- Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
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18
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Igarashi H, Uchino H, Kanaguchi M, Hisanaga K, Sato G, Yoshikawa F, Furuta M, Washizawa N, Usui S, Miyagi M, Hirose T. SGLT2 inhibitor versus carbohydrate-restricted isocaloric diet: reprogramming substrate oxidation in type 2 diabetes. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2023; 15:25. [PMID: 36804863 PMCID: PMC9940379 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-023-00990-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Based on the whole-body energy metabolism and insulin action, the difference between increased excretion of carbohydrate in urine by SGLT2i and reduced same amount of oral carbohydrate intake are scarce. This study aimed to compare the effect of carbohydrate availability with reduced oral intake (carbohydrate-restricted isocaloric diet: CRIC diet) or lost in urine, as urinary glucosuria on sodium/glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) treatment, focus on the insulin requirement and the macronutrient oxidation within insulin treated type 2 diabetes. METHODS This is randomized 3-arm open-label prospective study. Subjects treated with titrated basal-bolus insulin regimen subsequent to three diet regimens, control diet (CON), administration of canagliflozin 100 mg/day to CON (SGLT2i), or CRIC diet, with a week admission to the endocrinology ward followed by 12 weeks outpatients' management. The main outcome measures including the total insulin dose (TID) required to achieve euglycemia, fasting and postprandial energy expenditure (EE) and respiratory quotient (RQ) at 1-week and 12-week. RESULTS We enrolled 23 patients with type 2 diabetes (male/female: 14/9, age: 53.6 ± 14.2 years, body mass index: 26.9 ± 4.8 kg/m2, HbA1c: 12.5 ± 1.6%). The TID was similar with CON and SGLT2i at both 1 and 12-weeks. Although comparable net carbohydrate availability in SGLT2i and CRIC groups, the TID was significantly higher in the CRIC (p = 0.02) compare to the SGLT2i at both 1 and 12-weeks. Fasting EE was similar in all groups, postprandial EE was significantly elevated in the SGLT2i and CRIC groups compared to the CON group (p = 0.03 and 0.04). Compare to the CON, lower basal fasting RQ (p = 0.049) and decreased delta-RQ (postprandial RQ/fasting RQ) indicated continuous lipid substrate utilization in the SGLT2i (p = 0.04) and CRIC (p = 0.03) groups. CONCLUSION The CRIC diet resulted in a similar fasting and postprandial EE and substrate oxidation compared to the SGLT2i. The increased insulin requirement in the CRIC diet indicates that a relatively highly lipid and protein consumption, compared to the SGLT2i and CON, may influence insulin requirement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Igarashi
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, 6-11-1 Omori-Nishi, Ota-Ku, Tokyo, 143-8541, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Uchino
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, 6-11-1 Omori-Nishi, Ota-Ku, Tokyo, 143-8541, Japan.
| | - Momoko Kanaguchi
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, 6-11-1 Omori-Nishi, Ota-Ku, Tokyo, 143-8541, Japan
| | - Kaori Hisanaga
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, 6-11-1 Omori-Nishi, Ota-Ku, Tokyo, 143-8541, Japan
| | - Genki Sato
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, 6-11-1 Omori-Nishi, Ota-Ku, Tokyo, 143-8541, Japan
| | - Fukumi Yoshikawa
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, 6-11-1 Omori-Nishi, Ota-Ku, Tokyo, 143-8541, Japan
| | - Masashi Furuta
- Nutrition Therapy Center, Toho University Omori Medical Center, Tokyo, 143-8541, Japan
| | - Naohiro Washizawa
- Nutrition Therapy Center, Toho University Omori Medical Center, Tokyo, 143-8541, Japan
| | - Shuki Usui
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Saiseikai Kanagawaken Hospital, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masahiko Miyagi
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, 6-11-1 Omori-Nishi, Ota-Ku, Tokyo, 143-8541, Japan
| | - Takahisa Hirose
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, 6-11-1 Omori-Nishi, Ota-Ku, Tokyo, 143-8541, Japan
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19
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Shao C, Xu L, Lei P, Wang W, Feng S, Ye J, Zhong B. Metabolomics to identify fingerprints of carotid atherosclerosis in nonobese metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease. J Transl Med 2023; 21:12. [PMID: 36624524 PMCID: PMC9830861 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03760-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Nonobese metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is paradoxically associated with improved metabolic and pathological features at diagnosis but similar cardiovascular diseases (CVD) prognosis to obese MAFLD. We aimed to utilize the metabolomics to identify the potential metabolite profiles accounting for this phenomenon. METHODS This prospective multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted in China enrolling derivation and validation cohorts. Liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were applied to perform a metabolomics measurement. RESULTS The study involved 120 MAFLD patients and 60 non-MAFLD controls in the derivation cohort. Controls were divided into two groups according to the presence of carotid atherosclerosis (CAS). The MAFLD group was further divided into nonobese MAFLD with/without CAS groups and obese MAFLD with/without CAS groups. Fifty-six metabolites were statistically significant for discriminating the six groups. Among the top 10 metabolites related to CAS in nonobese MAFLD, only phosphatidylethanolamine (PE 20:2/16:0), phosphatidylglycerol (PG 18:0/20:4) and de novo lipogenesis (16:0/18:2n-6) achieved significant areas under the ROC curve (AUCs, 0.67, p = 0.03; 0.79, p = 0.02; 0.63, p = 0.03, respectively). The combination of these three metabolites and liver stiffness achieved a significantly higher AUC (0.92, p < 0.01). In obese MAFLD patients, cystine was found to be significant with an AUC of 0.69 (p = 0.015), followed by sphingomyelin (SM 16:1/18:1) (0.71, p = 0.004) and de novo lipogenesis (16:0/18:2n-6) (0.73, p = 0.004). The combination of these three metabolites, liver fat content and age attained a significantly higher AUC of 0.91 (p < 0.001). The AUCs of these metabolites remained highly significant in the independent validation cohorts involving 200 MAFLD patients and 90 controls. CONCLUSIONS Diagnostic models combining different metabolites according to BMI categories could raise the accuracy of identifying subclinical CAS. Trial registration The study protocol was approved by the local ethics committee and all the participants have provided written informed consent (Approval number: [2014] No. 112, registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR-ChiCTR2000034197).
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Affiliation(s)
- Congxiang Shao
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan II Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Lishu Xu
- grid.410643.4Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, and Guangdong Provincial Geriatrics Institute, No. 106 Zhongshan II Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pingguang Lei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen Baoan District Songgang People’s Hospital, No. 2, Shajiang Road, Songgang Street, Bao’an District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Wang
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Medical Ultrasonics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan II Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiting Feng
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan II Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junzhao Ye
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan II Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Bihui Zhong
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan II Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080 China
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20
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Yanagisawa Y. How dietary amino acids and high protein diets influence insulin secretion. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15577. [PMID: 36695783 PMCID: PMC9875820 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose homeostasis is the maintenance and regulation of blood glucose concentration within a tight physiological range, essential for the functioning of most tissues and organs. This is primarily achieved by pancreatic secretion of insulin and glucagon. Deficient pancreatic endocrine function, coupled with or without peripheral insulin resistance leads to prolonged hyperglycemia with chronic impairment of glucose homeostasis, most commonly seen in diabetes mellitus. High protein diets (HPDs) are thought to modulate glucose homeostasis through various metabolic pathways. Insulin secretion can be directly modulated by the amino acid products of protein digestion, which activate nutrient receptors and nutrient transporters expressed by the endocrine pancreas. Insulin secretion can also be modulated indirectly, through incretin release from enteroendocrine cells, and via vagal neuronal pathways. Additionally, glucose homeostasis can be promoted by the satiating effects of anorectic hormones released following HPD consumption. This review summarizes the insulinotropic mechanisms by which amino acids and HPDs may influence glucose homeostasis, with a particular focus on their applicability in the management of Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuuki Yanagisawa
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and ReproductionImperial College LondonLondonUK
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21
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Mokhtari E, Ahmadirad H, Teymoori F, Mohammadebrahim A, Bahrololomi SS, Mirmiran P. The association between dietary amino acids and the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease among Tehranian adults: a case-control study. BMC Nutr 2022; 8:155. [PMID: 36575550 PMCID: PMC9793580 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-022-00656-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amino acids (AAs) are important bioactive components in the diet that can be involved in various underlying biological processes that contribute to the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The present study investigates the association between dietary intake of amino acids and NAFLD in Iranian adults. METHODS This study was conducted among 225 newly diagnosed cases of NAFLD and 450 controls. A valid and reliable 168-item semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to collect participants' dietary intakes. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the association between tertiles of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), aromatic amino acids (AAAs), and sulfuric amino acids (SAAs) intake with the odds of NAFLD among the study participants. RESULTS The mean ± standard deviation of age and BMI of participants (53% male) were 38.1 ± 8.8 years and 26.8 ± 4.3 kg/m2, respectively. In the final models, the OR and 95% CI of NAFLD among participants in the highest tertiles of BCAAs, AAAs, and SAAs intake compared with those in the lowest tertiles were (OR = 2.82; 95% CI: 1.50-5.30), (OR = 2.82; 95% CI: 1.50-5.30), (OR = 2.86; 95% CI: 1.49-5.48), respectively. CONCLUSION Our study indicated a direct association between the intake of AAs groups, including BCAAs, AAAs, SAAs, and the odds of NAFLD. We suggest that other researchers examine the association between AAs groups and NAFLD in large cohort studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Mokhtari
- grid.411600.2Student Research Committee, Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ,grid.411600.2Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 1985717413, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Ahmadirad
- grid.411600.2Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 1985717413, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshad Teymoori
- grid.411600.2Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 1985717413, Tehran, Iran ,grid.411746.10000 0004 4911 7066Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Mohammadebrahim
- grid.411746.10000 0004 4911 7066Department of Nutrition, health and treatment center of shahriyar, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Sadat Bahrololomi
- grid.411746.10000 0004 4911 7066Department of Nutrition, health and treatment center of shahriyar, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- grid.411600.2Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 1985717413, Tehran, Iran
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Gadgil MD, Kanaya AM, Sands C, Chekmeneva E, Lewis MR, Kandula NR, Herrington DM. Diet Patterns Are Associated with Circulating Metabolites and Lipid Profiles of South Asians in the United States. J Nutr 2022; 152:2358-2366. [PMID: 36774102 PMCID: PMC10157813 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxac191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND South Asians are at higher risk for cardiometabolic disease than many other racial/ethnic minority groups. Diet patterns in US South Asians have unique components associated with cardiometabolic disease. OBJECTIVES We aimed to characterize the metabolites associated with 3 representative diet patterns. METHODS We included 722 participants in the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) cohort study aged 40-84 y without known cardiovascular disease. Fasting serum specimens and diet and demographic questionnaires were collected at baseline and diet patterns previously generated through principal components analysis. LC-MS-based untargeted metabolomic and lipidomic analysis was conducted with targeted integration of known metabolite and lipid signals. Linear regression models of diet pattern factor score and log-transformed metabolites adjusted for age, sex, caloric intake, and BMI and adjusted for multiple comparisons were performed, followed by elastic net linear regression of significant metabolites. RESULTS There were 443 metabolites of known identity extracted from the profiling data. The "animal protein" diet pattern was associated with 61 metabolites and lipids, including glycerophospholipids phosphatidylethanolamine PE(O-16:1/20:4) and/or PE(P-16:0/20:4) (β: 0.13; 95% CI: 0.11, 0.14) and N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamines (NAPEs) NAPE(O-18:1/20:4/18:0) and/or NAPE(P-18:0/20:4/18:0) (β: 0.13; 95% CI: 0.11, 0.14), lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI) (22:6/0:0) (β: 0.14; 95% CI: 0.12, 0.17), and fatty acid (FA) (22:6) (β: 0.15; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.17). The "fried snacks, sweets, high-fat dairy" pattern was associated with 12 lipids, including PC(16:0/22:6) (β: -0.08; 95% CI: -0.09, -0.06) and FA (22:6) (β: 0.14; 95% CI: -0.17, -0.10). The "fruits, vegetables, nuts, and legumes" pattern was associated with 5 metabolites including proline betaine (β: 0.17; 95% CI: 0.09, 0.25) (P < 0.0002). CONCLUSIONS Three predominant dietary patterns in US South Asians are associated with circulating metabolites differentiated by lipids including glycerophospholipids and PUFAs and the amino acid proline betaine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghana D Gadgil
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Alka M Kanaya
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Caroline Sands
- National Phenome Centre, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Chekmeneva
- National Phenome Centre, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew R Lewis
- National Phenome Centre, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Namratha R Kandula
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David M Herrington
- Section on Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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23
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Gadgil MD, Ingram KH, Appiah D, Rudd J, Whitaker KM, Bennett WL, Shikany JM, Jacobs DR, Lewis CE, Gunderson EP. Prepregnancy Protein Source and BCAA Intake Are Associated with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in the CARDIA Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192114142. [PMID: 36361016 PMCID: PMC9658365 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Diet quality and protein source are associated with type 2 diabetes, however relationships with GDM are less clear. This study aimed to determine whether prepregnancy diet quality and protein source are associated with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Participants were 1314 Black and White women without diabetes, who had at least one birth during 25 years of follow-up in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) cohort study. The CARDIA A Priori Diet Quality Score (APDQS) was assessed in the overall cohort at enrollment and again at Year 7. Protein source and branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) intake were assessed only at the Year 7 exam (n = 565). Logistic regression analysis was used to determine associations between prepregnancy dietary factors and GDM. Women who developed GDM (n = 161) were more likely to have prepregnancy obesity and a family history of diabetes (p < 0.05). GDM was not associated with prepregnancy diet quality at enrollment (Year 0) (odds ratio [OR]: 1.01; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.99, 1.02) or Year 7 (odds ratio [OR]: 0.97; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.94, 1.00) in an adjusted model. Conversely, BCAA intake (OR:1.59, 95% CI 1.03, 2.43) and animal protein intake (OR: 1.06, 95% CI 1.02, 1.10) as a proportion of total protein intake, were associated with increased odds of GDM, while proportion of plant protein was associated with decreased odds of GDM (OR: 0.95, 95% CI 0.91, 0.99). In conclusion, GDM is strongly associated with source of prepregnancy dietary protein intake but not APDQS in the CARDIA study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghana D. Gadgil
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Katherine H. Ingram
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA 30144, USA
| | - Duke Appiah
- Department of Public Health, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center of Statistics and Analytical Sciences, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Jessica Rudd
- Department of Statistics and Analytical Sciences, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA 30144, USA
| | - Kara M. Whitaker
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Wendy L. Bennett
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - James M. Shikany
- Division of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - David R. Jacobs
- Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Cora E. Lewis
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Erica P. Gunderson
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA 94612, USA
- Department of Health Systems Science, Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA
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24
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Ramzan I, Ardavani A, Vanweert F, Mellett A, Atherton PJ, Idris I. The Association between Circulating Branched Chain Amino Acids and the Temporal Risk of Developing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review & Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2022; 14:4411. [PMID: 36297095 PMCID: PMC9610746 DOI: 10.3390/nu14204411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Recent studies have concluded that elevated circulating branched chain amino acids (BCAA) are associated with the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity. However, the development of this association over time and the quantification of the strength of this association for individual BCAAs prior to T2DM diagnosis remains unexplored. Methods: A systematic search was conducted using the Healthcare Databases Advance Search (HDAS) via the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) website. The data sources included EMBASE, MEDLINE and PubMed for all papers from inception until November 2021. Nine studies were identified in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Stratification was based on follow-up times (0−6, 6−12 and 12 or more years) and controlling of body mass index (BMI) through the specific assessment of overweight cohorts was also undertaken. Results: The meta-analysis revealed a statistically significant positive association between BCAA concentrations and the development of T2DM, with valine OR = 2.08 (95% CI = 2.04−2.12, p < 0.00001), leucine OR = 2.25 (95% CI = 1.76−2.87, p < 0.00001) and isoleucine OR = 2.12, 95% CI = 2.00−2.25, p < 0.00001. In addition, we demonstrated a positive consistent temporal association between circulating BCAA levels and the risk of developing T2DM with differentials in the respective follow-up times of 0−6 years, 6−12 years and ≥12 years follow-up for valine (OR = 2.08, 1.86 and 2.14, p < 0.05 each), leucine (OR = 2.10, 2.25 and 2.16, p < 0.05 each) and isoleucine (OR = 2.12, 1.90 and 2.16, p < 0.05 each) demonstrated. Conclusion: Plasma BCAA concentrations are associated with T2DM incidence across all temporal subgroups. We suggest the potential utility of BCAAs as an early biomarker for T2DM irrespective of follow-up time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Ramzan
- Clinical, Metabolic and Molecular Physiology Research Group, MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, University of Nottingham, Derby DE22 6DT, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Arash Ardavani
- Clinical, Metabolic and Molecular Physiology Research Group, MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, University of Nottingham, Derby DE22 6DT, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Froukje Vanweert
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Aisling Mellett
- Clinical, Metabolic and Molecular Physiology Research Group, MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, University of Nottingham, Derby DE22 6DT, UK
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, Agriculture and Food Science Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Philip J. Atherton
- Clinical, Metabolic and Molecular Physiology Research Group, MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, University of Nottingham, Derby DE22 6DT, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Iskandar Idris
- Clinical, Metabolic and Molecular Physiology Research Group, MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, University of Nottingham, Derby DE22 6DT, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
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25
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Qiao S, Liu C, Sun L, Wang T, Dai H, Wang K, Bao L, Li H, Wang W, Liu SJ, Liu H. Gut Parabacteroides merdae protects against cardiovascular damage by enhancing branched-chain amino acid catabolism. Nat Metab 2022; 4:1271-1286. [PMID: 36253620 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00649-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Obesity, dyslipidemia and gut dysbiosis are all linked to cardiovascular diseases. A Ganoderma meroterpene derivative (GMD) has been shown to alleviate obesity and hyperlipidemia through modulating the gut microbiota in obese mice. Here we show that GMD protects against obesity-associated atherosclerosis by increasing the abundance of Parabacteroides merdae in the gut and enhancing branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) catabolism. Administration of live P. merdae to high-fat-diet-fed ApoE-null male mice reduces atherosclerotic lesions and enhances intestinal BCAA degradation. The degradation of BCAAs is mediated by the porA gene expressed in P. merdae. Deletion of porA from P. merdae blunts its capacity to degrade BCAAs and leads to inefficacy in fighting against atherosclerosis. We further show that P. merdae inhibits the mTORC1 pathway in atherosclerotic plaques. In support of our preclinical findings, an in silico analysis of human gut metagenomic studies indicates that P. merdae and porA genes are depleted in the gut microbiomes of individuals with atherosclerosis. Our results provide mechanistic insights into the therapeutic potential of GMD through P. merdae in treating obesity-associated cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Li Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Huanqin Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Kai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Li Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Hantian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Wenzhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Shuang-Jiang Liu
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China.
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Hongwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China.
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China.
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26
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Yashpal S, Liese AD, Boucher BA, Wagenknecht LE, Haffner SM, Johnston LW, Bazinet RP, Rewers M, Rotter JI, Watkins SM, Hanley AJ. Metabolomic profiling of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet provides novel insights for the nutritional epidemiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Br J Nutr 2022; 128:487-497. [PMID: 34511138 PMCID: PMC10410496 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521003561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Adherence to the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet is inversely associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk. Metabolic changes due to DASH adherence and their potential relationship with incident T2DM have not been described. The objective is to determine metabolite clusters associated with adherence to a DASH-like diet in the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study cohort and explore if the clusters predicted 5-year incidence of T2DM. The current study included 570 non-diabetic multi-ethnic participants aged 40–69 years. Adherence to a DASH-like diet was determined a priori through an eighty-point scale for absolute intakes of the eight DASH food groups. Quantitative measurements of eighty-seven metabolites (acylcarnitines, amino acids, bile acids, sterols and fatty acids) were obtained at baseline. Metabolite clusters related to DASH adherence were determined through partial least squares (PLS) analysis using R. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression was used to explore the associations between metabolite clusters and incident T2DM. A group of acylcarnitines and fatty acids loaded strongly on the two components retained under PLS. Among strongly loading metabolites, a select group of acylcarnitines had over 50 % of their individual variance explained by the PLS model. Component 2 was inversely associated with incident T2DM (OR: 0·89; (95 % CI 0·80, 0·99), P-value = 0·043) after adjustment for demographic and metabolic covariates. Component 1 was not associated with T2DM risk (OR: 1·02; (95 % CI 0·88, 1·19), P-value = 0·74). Adherence to a DASH-type diet may contribute to reduced T2DM risk in part through modulations in acylcarnitine and fatty acid physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahen Yashpal
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Angela D. Liese
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA
| | - Beatrice A. Boucher
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lynne E. Wagenknecht
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA (LEW)
| | | | | | - Richard P. Bazinet
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Marian Rewers
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jerome I. Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, CA, USA
| | | | - Anthony J. Hanley
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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27
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Associations of serum amino acids with insulin resistance among people with and without overweight or obesity: A prospective study in Japan. Clin Nutr 2022; 41:1827-1833. [PMID: 35839544 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Limited evidence exists regarding the prospective associations between amino acids and insulin resistance. In addition, amino acids have been suggested to promote insulin resistance with the requirement of obesity in animal studies, but the interaction between amino acids and obesity on the development of insulin resistance has not been examined in epidemiological studies. We aimed to investigate the differences in the prospective associations of serum amino acids with insulin resistance among adults with and without overweight or obesity. METHODS Fasting serum concentrations of 25 amino acids were quantified in 1131 non-diabetic Japanese workers aged 22-71 years at baseline. The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was estimated at baseline and the 3-year follow-up. Generalized linear models were used to assess the associations between amino acids at baseline and HOMA-IR at follow-up with adjustment for potential confounding factors. A Bonferroni-corrected threshold of p = 0.001 was considered significant for multiple tests. RESULTS The associations for the following amino acids with HOMA-IR at the 3-year follow-up significantly varied by obesity status: isoleucine, valine, tyrosine, alanine, and methionine (all p for interaction <0.05). Higher concentrations of serum isoleucine, valine, tyrosine, and alanine (per 1SD) were significantly associated with higher HOMA-IR levels in overweight/obese participants (multivariable-adjusted β coefficients ranging from 0.09 to 0.12; all p < 0.001), but no association was observed in the underweight/normal-weight participants. The associations for serum methionine were direct among overweight/obese participants, but inverse among underweight/normal-weight participants (all p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated the prospective associations of different individual serum amino acids with insulin resistance, with most pronounced associations being for overweight/obese adults. Our findings support the possibility of heterogeneous effects of individual amino acids, as well as their interplay with obesity in the progression of insulin resistance.
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28
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Caballero FF, Lana A, Struijk EA, Arias-Fernández L, Yévenes-Briones H, Cárdenas-Valladolid J, Salinero-Fort MÁ, Banegas JR, Rodríguez-Artalejo F, Lopez-Garcia E. Prospective Association Between Plasma Amino Acids And Multimorbidity In Older Adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2022; 78:637-644. [PMID: 35876753 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glac144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some amino acids have been associated with aging-related disorders and risk of physical impairment. The aim of this study was to assess the association between plasma concentrations of nine amino acids, including branched-chain and aromatic amino acids, and multimorbidity. METHODS This research uses longitudinal data from the Seniors-ENRICA 2 study, a population-based cohort from Spain which comprises non-institutionalized adults older than 65. Blood samples were extracted at baseline and after a follow-up period of two years for a total of 1488 subjects. Participants' information was linked with electronic health records. Chronic diseases were grouped into a list of 60 mutually exclusive conditions. A quantitative measure of multimorbidity, weighting morbidities by their regression coefficients on physical functioning, was employed and ranged from 0 to 100. Generalized estimating equation models were used to explore the relationship between plasma amino acids and multimorbidity, adjusting for sociodemographics, socioeconomic status and lifestyle behaviors. RESULTS The mean age of participants at baseline was 73.6 (SD = 4.2) years, 49.6% were women. Higher concentrations of glutamine [coef. per mmol/l (95% confidence interval = 10.1 (3.7, 16.6)], isoleucine [50.3 (21.7, 78.9)] and valine [15.5 (3.1, 28.0)] were significantly associated with higher multimorbidity scores, after adjusting for potential confounders. Body mass index could have influenced the relationship between isoleucine and multimorbidity (p = 0.016). CONCLUSIONS Amino acids could play a role in regulating aging-related diseases. Glutamine and branched-chain amino acids as isoleucine and valine are prospectively associated and could serve as risk markers for multimorbidity in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Félix Caballero
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid
| | - Alberto Lana
- Department of Medicine. Universidad de Oviedo/ISPA, Oviedo
| | - Ellen A Struijk
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid
| | | | - Humberto Yévenes-Briones
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid
| | - Juan Cárdenas-Valladolid
- Dirección Técnica de Sistemas de Información. Gerencia Asistencial de Atención Primaria, Servicio Madrileño de Salud, Madrid.,Fundación de Investigación e Innovación Biosanitaria de Atención Primaria, Madrid.,Enfermería. Universidad Alfonso X El Sabio, Villanueva de la Cañada
| | - Miguel Ángel Salinero-Fort
- Fundación de Investigación e Innovación Biosanitaria de Atención Primaria, Madrid.,Subdirección General de Investigación Sanitaria. Consejería de Sanidad, Madrid.,Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas.,Grupo de Envejecimiento y Fragilidad de las personas mayores. IdIPAZ, Madrid
| | - José R Banegas
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid
| | - Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid.,IMDEA-Food Institute. CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid
| | - Esther Lopez-Garcia
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid.,IMDEA-Food Institute. CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid
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29
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Vasishta S, Ganesh K, Umakanth S, Joshi MB. Ethnic disparities attributed to the manifestation in and response to type 2 diabetes: insights from metabolomics. Metabolomics 2022; 18:45. [PMID: 35763080 PMCID: PMC9239976 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-022-01905-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) associated health disparities among different ethnicities have long been known. Ethnic variations also exist in T2D related comorbidities including insulin resistance, vascular complications and drug response. Genetic heterogeneity, dietary patterns, nutrient metabolism and gut microbiome composition attribute to ethnic disparities in both manifestation and progression of T2D. These factors differentially regulate the rate of metabolism and metabolic health. Metabolomics studies have indicated significant differences in carbohydrate, lipid and amino acid metabolism among ethnicities. Interestingly, genetic variations regulating lipid and amino acid metabolism might also contribute to inter-ethnic differences in T2D. Comprehensive and comparative metabolomics analysis between ethnicities might help to design personalized dietary regimen and newer therapeutic strategies. In the present review, we explore population based metabolomics data to identify inter-ethnic differences in metabolites and discuss how (a) genetic variations, (b) dietary patterns and (c) microbiome composition may attribute for such differences in T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sampara Vasishta
- Department of Ageing Research, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, 576104, Manipal, India
| | - Kailash Ganesh
- Department of Ageing Research, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, 576104, Manipal, India
| | | | - Manjunath B Joshi
- Department of Ageing Research, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, 576104, Manipal, India.
- Manipal School of Life Sciences, Planetarium Complex Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal, 576104, Manipal, India.
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30
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Hamaya R, Mora S, Lawler PR, Cook NR, Buring JE, Lee IM, Manson JE, Tobias DK. Association of Modifiable Lifestyle Factors with Plasma Branched-Chain Amino Acid Metabolites in Women. J Nutr 2022; 152:1515-1524. [PMID: 35259270 PMCID: PMC9178956 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxac056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs-isoleucine, leucine, and valine) are strongly associated with higher risk of incident type 2 diabetes (T2D); however, determinants of elevated fasting BCAA concentrations are largely unknown. OBJECTIVES We aimed to characterize the modifiable lifestyle factors related to plasma BCAAs. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional analysis among n = 18,897 women (mean ± SD age: 54.9 ± 7.2 y) in the Women's Health Study, free of T2D and cardiovascular disease at baseline blood draw. Lifestyle factors, weight, and height were self-reported via questionnaire, including smoking status, alcohol, leisure-time physical activity (LTPA), diet quality scores [2010 Alternative Healthy Eating Index (without alcohol) (aHEI); alternate Mediterranean Diet (aMED)], and dietary sources of BCAAs. Plasma BCAAs were quantified via NMR spectroscopy. We calculated multivariable-adjusted percentage mean differences (95% CIs) and P values for linear trend of BCAAs stratified by categoric lifestyle factors. We estimated R2 from univariate cubic spline regression models to estimate the variability in BCAAs explained. RESULTS Compared with women with BMI (in kg/m2) <25.0, BCAAs were 8.6% (95% CI: 8.0%, 9.3%), 15.3% (95% CI: 14.4%, 16.3%), and 21.0% (95% CI: 18.2%, 23.9%) higher for the BMI strata 25.0-29.9, 30.0-39.9, and ≥40.0, respectively (P-trend < 0.0001). Women with higher LTPA and higher alcohol intake compared with lower had modestly (∼1%) lower plasma BCAAs (P-trend = 0.014 and 0.0003, respectively). Differences in smoking status, aHEI, and aMED score were not related to plasma BCAAs. Women with higher dietary BCAAs had dose-response higher plasma BCAA concentrations, 3.4% (95% CI: 2.5%, 4.4%) higher when comparing the highest with the lowest quintile (P-trend < 0.0001). BMI explained 11.6% of the variability of BCAAs, whereas other factors explained between 0.1% and 1%. CONCLUSIONS Our findings among a large cohort of US women indicate that BMI, but less so diet, physical activity, and other lifestyle factors, is related to plasma BCAAs.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00000479.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikuta Hamaya
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samia Mora
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Lipid Metabolomics and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Patrick R Lawler
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, and Heart and Stroke/Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence in Cardiovascular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nancy R Cook
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julie E Buring
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - I-Min Lee
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Mary Horrigan Connors Center for Women's Health and Gender Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Deirdre K Tobias
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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31
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Paapstel K, Kals J. Metabolomics of Arterial Stiffness. Metabolites 2022; 12:370. [PMID: 35629874 PMCID: PMC9146333 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12050370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Arterial stiffness (AS) is one of the earliest detectable signs of structural and functional alterations of the vessel wall and an independent predictor of cardiovascular events and death. The emerging field of metabolomics can be utilized to detect a wide spectrum of intermediates and products of metabolism in body fluids that can be involved in the pathogenesis of AS. Research over the past decade has reinforced this idea by linking AS to circulating acylcarnitines, glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, and amino acids, among other metabolite species. Some of these metabolites influence AS through traditional cardiovascular risk factors (e.g., high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, diabetes, smoking), while others seem to act independently through both known and unknown pathophysiological mechanisms. We propose the term 'arteriometabolomics' to indicate the research that applies metabolomics methods to study AS. The 'arteriometabolomics' approach has the potential to allow more personalized cardiovascular risk stratification, disease monitoring, and treatment selection. One of its major goals is to uncover the causal metabolic pathways of AS. Such pathways could represent valuable treatment targets in vascular ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaido Paapstel
- Endothelial Research Centre, University of Tartu, 8 Puusepa Street, 51014 Tartu, Estonia;
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, 8 Puusepa Street, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
- Heart Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, 8 Puusepa Street, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jaak Kals
- Endothelial Research Centre, University of Tartu, 8 Puusepa Street, 51014 Tartu, Estonia;
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, 8 Puusepa Street, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
- Surgery Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, 8 Puusepa Street, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Centre of Excellence for Genomics and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 19 Ravila Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
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Dimou A, Tsimihodimos V, Bairaktari E. The Critical Role of the Branched Chain Amino Acids (BCAAs) Catabolism-Regulating Enzymes, Branched-Chain Aminotransferase (BCAT) and Branched-Chain α-Keto Acid Dehydrogenase (BCKD), in Human Pathophysiology. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23074022. [PMID: 35409380 PMCID: PMC8999875 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23074022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Branched chain amino acids (BCAAs), leucine, isoleucine and valine, are essential amino acids widely studied for their crucial role in the regulation of protein synthesis mainly through the activation of the mTOR signaling pathway and their emerging recognition as players in the regulation of various physiological and metabolic processes, such as glucose homeostasis. BCAA supplementation is primarily used as a beneficial nutritional intervention in chronic liver and kidney disease as well as in muscle wasting disorders. However, downregulated/upregulated plasma BCAAs and their defective catabolism in various tissues, mainly due to altered enzymatic activity of the first two enzymes in their catabolic pathway, BCAA aminotransferase (BCAT) and branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase (BCKD), have been investigated in many nutritional and disease states. The current review focused on the underlying mechanisms of altered BCAA catabolism and its contribution to the pathogenesis of a numerous pathological conditions such as diabetes, heart failure and cancer. In addition, we summarize findings that indicate that the recovery of the dysregulated BCAA catabolism may be associated with an improved outcome and the prevention of serious disease complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Dimou
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece;
| | - Vasilis Tsimihodimos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece;
| | - Eleni Bairaktari
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-26510-07620
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Amino Acid-Related Metabolic Signature in Obese Children and Adolescents. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071454. [PMID: 35406066 PMCID: PMC9003189 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The growing interest in metabolomics has spread to the search for suitable predictive biomarkers for complications related to the emerging issue of pediatric obesity and its related cardiovascular risk and metabolic alteration. Indeed, several studies have investigated the association between metabolic disorders and amino acids, in particular branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs). We have performed a revision of the literature to assess the role of BCAAs in children and adolescents' metabolism, focusing on the molecular pathways involved. We searched on Pubmed/Medline, including articles published until February 2022. The results have shown that plasmatic levels of BCAAs are impaired already in obese children and adolescents. The relationship between BCAAs, obesity and the related metabolic disorders is explained on one side by the activation of the mTORC1 complex-that may promote insulin resistance-and on the other, by the accumulation of toxic metabolites, which may lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, stress kinase activation and damage of pancreatic cells. These compounds may help in the precocious identification of many complications of pediatric obesity. However, further studies are still needed to better assess if BCAAs may be used to screen these conditions and if any other metabolomic compound may be useful to achieve this goal.
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High Protein Diet Feeding Aggravates Hyperaminoacidemia in Mice Deficient in Proglucagon-Derived Peptides. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14050975. [PMID: 35267952 PMCID: PMC8912298 DOI: 10.3390/nu14050975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Protein stimulates the secretion of glucagon (GCG), which can affect glucose metabolism. This study aimed to analyze the metabolic effect of a high-protein diet (HPD) in the presence or absence of proglucagon-derived peptides, including GCG and GLP-1. (2) Methods: The response to HPD feeding for 7 days was analyzed in mice deficient in proglucagon-derived peptides (GCGKO). (3) Results: In both control and GCGKO mice, food intake and body weight decreased with HPD and intestinal expression of Pepck increased. HPD also decreased plasma FGF21 levels, regardless of the presence of proglucagon-derived peptides. In control mice, HPD increased the hepatic expression of enzymes involved in amino acid metabolism without the elevation of plasma amino acid levels, except branched-chain amino acids. On the other hand, HPD-induced changes in the hepatic gene expression were attenuated in GCGKO mice, resulting in marked hyperaminoacidemia with lower blood glucose levels; the plasma concentration of glutamine exceeded that of glucose in HPD-fed GCGKO mice. (4) Conclusions: Increased plasma amino acid levels are a common feature in animal models with blocked GCG activity, and our results underscore that GCG plays essential roles in the homeostasis of amino acid metabolism in response to altered protein intake.
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35
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Lee-Ødegård S, Olsen T, Norheim F, Drevon CA, Birkeland KI. Potential Mechanisms for How Long-Term Physical Activity May Reduce Insulin Resistance. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12030208. [PMID: 35323652 PMCID: PMC8950317 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12030208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin became available for the treatment of patients with diabetes 100 years ago, and soon thereafter it became evident that the biological response to its actions differed markedly between individuals. This prompted extensive research into insulin action and resistance (IR), resulting in the universally agreed fact that IR is a core finding in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). T2DM is the most prevalent form of diabetes, reaching epidemic proportions worldwide. Physical activity (PA) has the potential of improving IR and is, therefore, a cornerstone in the prevention and treatment of T2DM. Whereas most research has focused on the acute effects of PA, less is known about the effects of long-term PA on IR. Here, we describe a model of potential mechanisms behind reduced IR after long-term PA to guide further mechanistic investigations and to tailor PA interventions in the therapy of T2DM. The development of such interventions requires knowledge of normal glucose metabolism, and we briefly summarize an integrated physiological perspective on IR. We then describe the effects of long-term PA on signaling molecules involved in cellular responses to insulin, tissue-specific functions, and whole-body IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindre Lee-Ødegård
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Thomas Olsen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway; (T.O.); (F.N.); (C.A.D.)
| | - Frode Norheim
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway; (T.O.); (F.N.); (C.A.D.)
| | - Christian Andre Drevon
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway; (T.O.); (F.N.); (C.A.D.)
- Vitas Ltd. Analytical Services, Oslo Science Park, 0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kåre Inge Birkeland
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway;
- Correspondence:
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Rivera ME, Rivera CN, Vaughan RA. Branched-chain amino acids at supraphysiological but not physiological levels reduce myotube insulin sensitivity. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2022; 38:e3490. [PMID: 34397159 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) are often emphasized in the diets of avid exercisers, yet population data demonstrates a correlation between circulating BCAA and insulin resistance. However, it is unclear if BCAA independently promote insulin resistance in otherwise healthy cells. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of a BCAA mixture on muscle insulin signaling in vitro in both insulin resistant and sensitive cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS C2C12 myotubes were treated with a BCAA mixture containing leucine:isoleucine:valine at a ratio of 2:1:1 at 0.2, 2, or 20 mM (based on leucine content) for either 30 min, 1 day, or 6 days. Western blot was used to assess insulin sensitivity of cells treated with BCAA both with and without concurrent insulin resistance, and, with and without insulin stimulation. RESULTS BCAA treatment for 1 day significantly reduced basal, but not insulin-stimulated pAkt expression. BCAA treatment for 6 days resulted in significantly reduced basal insulin signaling in healthy cells and insulin-stimulated insulin signaling in insulin resistant (but not insulin sensitive) cells. CONCLUSION Similar to previous observations demonstrating BCAA may correlate with insulin resistance during metabolically stressed conditions, we demonstrate excessively high BCAA exposure can negatively influence basal insulin signaling, as well as insulin sensitivity in insulin resistant myotubes. However, given the intentionally high concentrations of BCAA used in this study, the extent to which these observations translate to in vivo models is unclear and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison E Rivera
- Department of Exercise Science, High Point University, High Point, North Carolina, USA
| | - Caroline N Rivera
- Department of Exercise Science, High Point University, High Point, North Carolina, USA
| | - Roger A Vaughan
- Department of Exercise Science, High Point University, High Point, North Carolina, USA
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37
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Remme CA. Sudden cardiac death in diabetes and obesity: mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. Can J Cardiol 2022; 38:418-426. [PMID: 35017043 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death (SCD) occur most frequently in the setting of coronary artery disease, cardiomyopathy and heart failure, but are also increasingly observed in individuals suffering from diabetes mellitus and obesity. The incidence of these metabolic disorders is rising in Western countries, but adequate prevention and treatment of arrhythmias and SCD in affected patients is limited due to our incomplete knowledge of the underlying disease mechanisms. Here, an overview is presented of the prevalence of electrophysiological disturbances, ventricular arrhythmias and SCD in the clinical setting of diabetes and obesity. Experimental studies are reviewed, which have identified disease pathways and associated modulatory factors, in addition to pro-arrhythmic mechanisms. Key processes are discussed, including mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, cardiac structural derangements, abnormal cardiac conduction, ion channel dysfunction, prolonged repolarization and dysregulation of intracellular sodium and calcium homeostasis. In addition, the recently identified pro-arrhythmic effects of dysregulated branched chain amino acid metabolism, a common feature in patients with metabolic disorders, are addressed. Finally, current management options are discussed, in addition to the potential development of novel preventive and therapeutic strategies based on recent insight gained from translational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Ann Remme
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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38
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Cardelo MP, Alcala-Diaz JF, Gutierrez-Mariscal FM, Lopez-Moreno J, Villasanta-Gonzalez A, de Larriva APA, Cruz-Ares SDL, Delgado-Lista J, Rodriguez-Cantalejo F, Luque RM, Ordovas JM, Perez-Martinez P, Camargo A, Lopez-Miranda J. Diabetes remission is modulated by branched chain amino acids according to the diet consumed: from the CORDIOPREV study. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 66:e2100652. [PMID: 34863046 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE BCAA plasma levels may be differentially associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remission through the consumption of the Mediterranean diet (Med) and a low-fat (LF) diet. METHODS 183 newly-diagnosed T2DM patients within the CORDIOPREV study were randomized to consume the Med or a LF diet. BCAA plasma levels (isoleucine, leucine and valine) were measured at fasting and after 120 min of an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at the baseline of the study and after 5 y of the dietary intervention. RESULTS Isoleucine, leucine and valine plasma levels after 120 min of an OGTT in the Med diet (N = 80) were associated by COX analysis with T2DM remission: HR per SD (95%CI): 0.53 (0.37-0.77), 0.75 (0.52-1.08) and 0.61 (0.45-0.82), respectively; no association was found in patients who consumed a LF diet (N = 103). BCAA plasma levels combined in a score showed a HR of 3.33 (1.55-7.19) of T2DM remission for patients with a high score values in the Med diet, while in those with a LF diet no association was found. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that BCAA measurements potentially be used as a tool to select the most suitable diet to induce T2DM remission by nutritional strategies. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena P Cardelo
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Internal Medicine Unit, Reina Sofia University, Hospital, Cordoba, 14004, Spain.,Department of Medicine (Medicine, Dermatology and Otorhinolaryngology), University of Cordoba, 4004, Cordoba, Spain.,Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC).,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Juan F Alcala-Diaz
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Internal Medicine Unit, Reina Sofia University, Hospital, Cordoba, 14004, Spain.,Department of Medicine (Medicine, Dermatology and Otorhinolaryngology), University of Cordoba, 4004, Cordoba, Spain.,Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC).,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Francisco M Gutierrez-Mariscal
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Internal Medicine Unit, Reina Sofia University, Hospital, Cordoba, 14004, Spain.,Department of Medicine (Medicine, Dermatology and Otorhinolaryngology), University of Cordoba, 4004, Cordoba, Spain.,Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC).,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Javier Lopez-Moreno
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Internal Medicine Unit, Reina Sofia University, Hospital, Cordoba, 14004, Spain.,Department of Medicine (Medicine, Dermatology and Otorhinolaryngology), University of Cordoba, 4004, Cordoba, Spain.,Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC).,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Alejandro Villasanta-Gonzalez
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Internal Medicine Unit, Reina Sofia University, Hospital, Cordoba, 14004, Spain.,Department of Medicine (Medicine, Dermatology and Otorhinolaryngology), University of Cordoba, 4004, Cordoba, Spain.,Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC).,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Antonio P Arenas- de Larriva
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Internal Medicine Unit, Reina Sofia University, Hospital, Cordoba, 14004, Spain.,Department of Medicine (Medicine, Dermatology and Otorhinolaryngology), University of Cordoba, 4004, Cordoba, Spain.,Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC)
| | - Silvia de la Cruz-Ares
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Internal Medicine Unit, Reina Sofia University, Hospital, Cordoba, 14004, Spain.,Department of Medicine (Medicine, Dermatology and Otorhinolaryngology), University of Cordoba, 4004, Cordoba, Spain.,Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC).,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Javier Delgado-Lista
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Internal Medicine Unit, Reina Sofia University, Hospital, Cordoba, 14004, Spain.,Department of Medicine (Medicine, Dermatology and Otorhinolaryngology), University of Cordoba, 4004, Cordoba, Spain.,Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC)
| | - Fernando Rodriguez-Cantalejo
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Internal Medicine Unit, Reina Sofia University, Hospital, Cordoba, 14004, Spain.,Department of Medicine (Medicine, Dermatology and Otorhinolaryngology), University of Cordoba, 4004, Cordoba, Spain.,Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC)
| | - Raul M Luque
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Internal Medicine Unit, Reina Sofia University, Hospital, Cordoba, 14004, Spain.,Department of Medicine (Medicine, Dermatology and Otorhinolaryngology), University of Cordoba, 4004, Cordoba, Spain.,Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC).,Biochemical Laboratory, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Jose M Ordovas
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, J.M.-US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,IMDEA Alimentación, Madrid, Spain, CNIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Perez-Martinez
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Internal Medicine Unit, Reina Sofia University, Hospital, Cordoba, 14004, Spain.,Department of Medicine (Medicine, Dermatology and Otorhinolaryngology), University of Cordoba, 4004, Cordoba, Spain.,Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC).,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Antonio Camargo
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Internal Medicine Unit, Reina Sofia University, Hospital, Cordoba, 14004, Spain.,Department of Medicine (Medicine, Dermatology and Otorhinolaryngology), University of Cordoba, 4004, Cordoba, Spain.,Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC).,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Jose Lopez-Miranda
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Internal Medicine Unit, Reina Sofia University, Hospital, Cordoba, 14004, Spain.,Department of Medicine (Medicine, Dermatology and Otorhinolaryngology), University of Cordoba, 4004, Cordoba, Spain.,Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC).,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
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Sriboonvorakul N, Pan-Ngum W, Poovorawan K, Muangnoicharoen S, Quinn LM, Tan BK. Low Branched Chain Amino Acids and Tyrosine in Thai Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Treated with Metformin and Metformin-Sulfonylurea Combination Therapies. J Clin Med 2021; 10:5424. [PMID: 34830706 PMCID: PMC8621185 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10225424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a growing public health challenge for Thailand (current prevalence ~10.0%). Amino acids offer novel biomarkers to predict risk of T2DM and indicate sub-optimal disease management, which could facilitate earlier treatment. We studied amino acid profiles in a Thai cohort comprising of individuals with T2DM (n = 65 single-drug-treated; n = 38 multi-drug-treated) compared to healthy controls (n = 104) using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Age and BMI were significantly lower in the healthy controls compared to the single or multi-treated T2DM groups. The BCAA (leucine and valine) were significantly lower in the single and multi-treated T2DM groups compared to healthy controls (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001) and isoleucine was significantly lower in the single-treated compared to the healthy controls (p = 0.014). These findings beg the question whether BCAAs supplementation be beneficial in T2DM patients treated with single or multi-drug therapy? Tyrosine was significantly lower in the single and multi-treated T2DM groups compared to healthy controls (p < 0.001 and p = 0.002), whereas phenylalanine was significantly higher in the multi-treated T2DM group compared to the single treated T2DM group (p = 0.045). We provide novel insights into the effects of diabetes treatments on these amino acids in insulin resistant states such as T2DM in a unique but understudied Thai population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natthida Sriboonvorakul
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (N.S.); (K.P.); (S.M.)
| | - Wirichada Pan-Ngum
- Department of Tropical Hygiene, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Kittiyod Poovorawan
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (N.S.); (K.P.); (S.M.)
| | - Sant Muangnoicharoen
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (N.S.); (K.P.); (S.M.)
| | - Lauren M. Quinn
- Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;
| | - Bee K. Tan
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (N.S.); (K.P.); (S.M.)
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
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40
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Piras C, Noto A, Ibba L, Deidda M, Fanos V, Muntoni S, Leoni VP, Atzori L. Contribution of Metabolomics to the Understanding of NAFLD and NASH Syndromes: A Systematic Review. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11100694. [PMID: 34677409 PMCID: PMC8541039 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11100694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Several differential panels of metabolites have been associated with the presence of metabolic syndrome and its related conditions, namely non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). This study aimed to perform a systematic review to summarize the most recent finding in terms of circulating biomarkers following NAFLD/NASH syndromes. Hence, the research was focused on NAFLD/NASH studies analysed by metabolomics approaches. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, a systematic search was conducted on the PubMed database. The inclusion criteria were (i) publication date between 2010 and 2021, (ii) presence of the combination of terms: metabolomics and NAFLD/NASH, and (iii) published in a scholarly peer-reviewed journal. Studies were excluded from the review if they were (i) single-case studies, (ii) unpublished thesis and dissertation studies, and (iii) not published in a peer-reviewed journal. Following these procedures, 10 eligible studies among 93 were taken into consideration. The metabolisms of amino acids, fatty acid, and vitamins were significantly different in patients affected by NAFLD and NASH compared to healthy controls. These findings suggest that low weight metabolites are an important indicator for NAFLD/NASH syndrome and there is a strong overlap between NAFLD/NASH and the metabolic syndrome. These findings may lead to new perspectives in early diagnosis, identification of novel biomarkers, and providing novel targets for pharmacological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Piras
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (C.P.); (L.I.); (S.M.); (V.P.L.); (L.A.)
| | - Antonio Noto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (C.P.); (L.I.); (S.M.); (V.P.L.); (L.A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Luciano Ibba
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (C.P.); (L.I.); (S.M.); (V.P.L.); (L.A.)
| | - Martino Deidda
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy;
| | - Vassilios Fanos
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy;
| | - Sandro Muntoni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (C.P.); (L.I.); (S.M.); (V.P.L.); (L.A.)
| | - Vera Piera Leoni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (C.P.); (L.I.); (S.M.); (V.P.L.); (L.A.)
| | - Luigi Atzori
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (C.P.); (L.I.); (S.M.); (V.P.L.); (L.A.)
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Supruniuk E, Żebrowska E, Chabowski A. Branched chain amino acids-friend or foe in the control of energy substrate turnover and insulin sensitivity? Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:2559-2597. [PMID: 34542351 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1977910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Branched chain amino acids (BCAA) and their derivatives are bioactive molecules with pleiotropic functions in the human body. Elevated fasting blood BCAA concentrations are considered as a metabolic hallmark of obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. However, since increased BCAA amount is observed both in metabolically healthy and obese subjects, a question whether BCAA are mechanistic drivers of insulin resistance and its morbidities or only markers of metabolic dysregulation, still remains open. The beneficial effects of BCAA on body weight and composition, aerobic capacity, insulin secretion and sensitivity demand high catabolic potential toward amino acids and/or adequate BCAA intake. On the opposite, BCAA-related inhibition of lipogenesis and lipolysis enhancement may preclude impairment in insulin sensitivity. Thereby, the following review addresses various strategies pertaining to the modulation of BCAA catabolism and the possible roles of BCAA in energy homeostasis. We also aim to elucidate mechanisms behind the heterogeneity of ramifications associated with BCAA modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Supruniuk
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Ewa Żebrowska
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Adrian Chabowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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Rivera ME, Vaughan RA. Comparing the effects of palmitate, insulin, and palmitate-insulin co-treatment on myotube metabolism and insulin resistance. Lipids 2021; 56:563-578. [PMID: 34382222 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown various metabolic stressors such as saturated fatty acids (SFA) and excess insulin promote insulin resistance in metabolically meaningful cell types (such as skeletal muscle). Additionally, these stressors have been linked with suppressed mitochondrial metabolism, which is also a common characteristic of skeletal muscle of diabetics. This study characterized the individual and combined effects of excess lipid and excess insulin on myotube metabolism and related metabolic gene and protein expression. C2C12 myotubes were treated with either 500 μM palmitate (PAM), 100 nM insulin (IR), or both (PAM-IR). qRT-PCR and western blot were used to measure metabolic gene and protein expression, respectively. Oxygen consumption was used to measure mitochondrial metabolism. Glycolytic metabolism and insulin-mediated glucose uptake were measured via extracellular acidification rate. Cellular lipid and mitochondrial content were measured using Nile Red and NAO staining, respectively. IR and PAM-IR treatments led to reductions in p-Akt expression. IR treatment reduced insulin mediated glucose metabolism while PAM and PAM-IR treatment showed increases with concurrent reductions in mitochondrial metabolism. All three treatments showed suppression in mitochondrial metabolism. PAM and PAM-IR also showed increases in glycolytic metabolism. While PAM and PAM-IR significantly increased lipid content, expression of inflammatory and lipogenic proteins were unaltered. Lastly, PAM-IR reduced BCAT2 protein expression, a regulator of BCAA metabolism. Both stressors independently reduced insulin signaling, mitochondrial function, and cell metabolism, however, only PAM-IR co-treatment significantly reduced the expression of regulators of metabolism not seen with individual stressors, suggesting an additive effect of stressors on metabolic programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison E Rivera
- Department of Exercise Science, High Point University, High Point, North Carolina, USA
| | - Roger A Vaughan
- Department of Exercise Science, High Point University, High Point, North Carolina, USA
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43
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Zouiouich S, Loftfield E, Huybrechts I, Viallon V, Louca P, Vogtmann E, Wells PM, Steves CJ, Herzig KH, Menni C, Jarvelin MR, Sinha R, Gunter MJ. Markers of metabolic health and gut microbiome diversity: findings from two population-based cohort studies. Diabetologia 2021; 64:1749-1759. [PMID: 34110438 PMCID: PMC8245388 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-021-05464-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The gut microbiome is hypothesised to be related to insulin resistance and other metabolic variables. However, data from population-based studies are limited. We investigated associations between serologic measures of metabolic health and the gut microbiome in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 (NFBC1966) and the TwinsUK cohort. METHODS Among 506 individuals from the NFBC1966 with available faecal microbiome (16S rRNA gene sequence) data, we estimated associations between gut microbiome diversity metrics and serologic levels of HOMA for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), HbA1c and C-reactive protein (CRP) using multivariable linear regression models adjusted for sex, smoking status and BMI. Associations between gut microbiome diversity measures and HOMA-IR and CRP were replicated in 1140 adult participants from TwinsUK, with available faecal microbiome (16S rRNA gene sequence) data. For both cohorts, we used general linear models with a quasi-Poisson distribution and Microbiome Regression-based Kernel Association Test (MiRKAT) to estimate associations of metabolic variables with alpha- and beta diversity metrics, respectively, and generalised additive models for location scale and shape (GAMLSS) fitted with the zero-inflated beta distribution to identify taxa associated with the metabolic markers. RESULTS In NFBC1966, alpha diversity was lower in individuals with higher HOMA-IR with a mean of 74.4 (95% CI 70.7, 78.3) amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) for the first quartile of HOMA-IR and 66.6 (95% CI 62.9, 70.4) for the fourth quartile of HOMA-IR. Alpha diversity was also lower with higher HbA1c (number of ASVs and Shannon's diversity, p < 0.001 and p = 0.003, respectively) and higher CRP (number of ASVs, p = 0.025), even after adjustment for BMI and other potential confounders. In TwinsUK, alpha diversity measures were also lower among participants with higher measures of HOMA-IR and CRP. When considering beta diversity measures, we found that microbial community profiles were associated with HOMA-IR in NFBC1966 and TwinsUK, using multivariate MiRKAT models, with binomial deviance dissimilarity p values of <0.001. In GAMLSS models, the relative abundances of individual genera Prevotella and Blautia were associated with HOMA-IR in both cohorts. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Overall, higher levels of HOMA-IR, CRP and HbA1c were associated with lower microbiome diversity in both the NFBC1966 and TwinsUK cohorts, even after adjustment for BMI and other variables. These results from two distinct population-based cohorts provide evidence for an association between metabolic variables and gut microbial diversity. Further experimental and mechanistic insights are now needed to provide understanding of the potential causal mechanisms that may link the gut microbiota with metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semi Zouiouich
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer-WHO, Lyon, France.
| | - Erikka Loftfield
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Inge Huybrechts
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer-WHO, Lyon, France
| | - Vivian Viallon
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer-WHO, Lyon, France
| | | | - Emily Vogtmann
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | | | - Claire J Steves
- Department of Twin Research, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Karl-Heinz Herzig
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Medical Research Center (MRC), University of Oulu, University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Cristina Menni
- Department of Twin Research, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Unit of Primary Health Care, Oulu University Hospital, OYS, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, UK
| | - Rashmi Sinha
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Marc J Gunter
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer-WHO, Lyon, France
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44
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Morais T, Seabra AL, Patrício BG, Guimarães M, Nora M, Oliveira PF, Alves MG, Monteiro MP. Visceral Adipose Tissue Displays Unique Metabolomic Fingerprints in Obesity, Pre-Diabetes and Type 2 Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5695. [PMID: 34071774 PMCID: PMC8199212 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) metabolic profiling harbors the potential to disentangle molecular changes underlying obesity-related dysglycemia. In this study, the VAT exometabolome of subjects with obesity and different glycemic statuses are analyzed. The subjects (n = 19) are divided into groups according to body mass index and glycemic status: subjects with obesity and euglycemia (Ob+NGT, n = 5), subjects with obesity and pre-diabetes (Ob+Pre-T2D, n = 5), subjects with obesity and type 2 diabetes under metformin treatment (Ob+T2D, n = 5) and subjects without obesity and with euglycemia (Non-Ob, n = 4), used as controls. VATs are incubated in culture media and extracellular metabolite content is determined by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR). Glucose consumption is not different between the groups. Pyruvate and pyroglutamate consumption are significantly lower in all groups of subjects with obesity compared to Non-Ob, and significantly lower in Ob+Pre-T2D as compared to Ob+NGT. In contrast, isoleucine consumption is significantly higher in all groups of subjects with obesity, particularly in Ob+Pre-T2D, compared to Non-Ob. Acetate production is also significantly lower in Ob+Pre-T2D compared to Non-Ob. In sum, the VAT metabolic fingerprint is associated with pre-diabetes and characterized by higher isoleucine consumption, accompanied by lower acetate production and pyruvate and pyroglutamate consumption. We propose that glucose metabolism follows different fates within the VAT, depending on the individuals' health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Morais
- Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (T.M.); (A.L.S.); (B.G.P.); (M.G.); (M.N.); (M.G.A.)
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Alexandre L. Seabra
- Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (T.M.); (A.L.S.); (B.G.P.); (M.G.); (M.N.); (M.G.A.)
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Bárbara G. Patrício
- Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (T.M.); (A.L.S.); (B.G.P.); (M.G.); (M.N.); (M.G.A.)
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta Guimarães
- Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (T.M.); (A.L.S.); (B.G.P.); (M.G.); (M.N.); (M.G.A.)
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Department of General Surgery, Centro Hospitalar de Entre o Douro e Vouga, 4520-220 Santa Maria da Feira, Portugal
| | - Mário Nora
- Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (T.M.); (A.L.S.); (B.G.P.); (M.G.); (M.N.); (M.G.A.)
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Department of General Surgery, Centro Hospitalar de Entre o Douro e Vouga, 4520-220 Santa Maria da Feira, Portugal
| | - Pedro F. Oliveira
- QOPNA & LAQV, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Marco G. Alves
- Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (T.M.); (A.L.S.); (B.G.P.); (M.G.); (M.N.); (M.G.A.)
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana P. Monteiro
- Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (T.M.); (A.L.S.); (B.G.P.); (M.G.); (M.N.); (M.G.A.)
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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45
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Ding C, Egli L, Bosco N, Sun L, Goh HJ, Yeo KK, Yap JJL, Actis-Goretta L, Leow MKS, Magkos F. Plasma Branched-Chain Amino Acids Are Associated With Greater Fasting and Postprandial Insulin Secretion in Non-diabetic Chinese Adults. Front Nutr 2021; 8:664939. [PMID: 33996878 PMCID: PMC8113402 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.664939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Plasma branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) are consistently elevated in subjects with obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and correlate with insulin resistance. The association of BCAA with insulin secretion and clearance rates has not been adequately described. Objective: To evaluate the relationships between fasting and postprandial plasma BCAA, insulin secretion and insulin clearance. Design: Ninety-five non-diabetic Chinese subjects (43 females) underwent a mixed-meal tolerance test; blood biomarkers including BCAAs (leucine, isoleucine, valine) were measured for 6 h. Fasting and postprandial insulin secretion rates (ISR) and insulin clearance were determined by oral minimal modeling of glucose and C-peptide. Results: Fasting and postprandial plasma BCAA correlated strongly with each other (ρ = 0.796, P < 0.001), and both were positively associated with basal ISR (ρ = 0.45/0.36, P < 0.001), total postprandial ISR AUC (ρ = 0.37/0.45, P < 0.001), and negatively with insulin clearance (ρ = -0.29/-0.29, P < 0.01), after adjusting for sex and body mass index. These relationships largely persisted after adjusting further for insulin resistance and postprandial glucose. Compared with subjects in the middle and lowest tertiles for fasting or postprandial plasma BCAA, subjects in the highest tertile had significantly greater postprandial glucose (by 7-10%) and insulin (by 74-98%) concentrations, basal ISRs (by 34-53%), postprandial ISR AUCs (by 41-49%), and lower insulin clearance rates (by 17-22%) (all P < 0.05). Conclusions: Fasting and postprandial plasma BCAA levels are associated with greater fasting and postprandial insulin secretion and reduced insulin clearance in healthy Chinese subjects. These observations potentially highlight an additional layer of involvement of BCAA in the regulation of glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leonie Egli
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nabil Bosco
- Nestlé Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lijuan Sun
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hui Jen Goh
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Khung Keong Yeo
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jonathan Jiunn Liang Yap
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Melvin Khee-Shing Leow
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Faidon Magkos
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise & Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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46
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de Almeida-Pititto B, Dualib PM, Jordão MC, Izar Helfenstein Fonseca M, Jones SR, Blaha MJ, Toth PP, Santos RD, Bensenor IM, Ferreira SRG, Lotufo PA. Branched-chain amino acids predict incident diabetes in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health - ELSA-Brasil. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2021; 174:108747. [PMID: 33713721 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2021.108747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the role of branch chain amino acid (BCAA) concentrations as a predictor for incident type 2 diabetes (DM). METHODS Participants from ELSA-Brasil without diabetes at baseline and followed for 3.9 ± 0.6 years were included in the analysis. The determinations of BCAA (valine, leucine, isoleucine) were performed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Cardiometabolic profile and incidence of DM were evaluated according to quartiles of BCAA at baseline, stratified by sex. RESULTS From 3,828 participants (56% female, 50.5 ± 8.7 years) 299 (8.5%) were diagnosed with DM. For both sexes, a worsening of cardiometabolic profile was observed across increasing BCAA quartiles. In survival analysis, incidence rates of DM for the entire period were highest in participants in the third and fourth quartile of BCAA (log Rank analysis < 0.001 for both sexes). In Cox regression analysis, for men, the HR (95%CI) for risk of DM was 2.24 (1.24-4.03) for those from the fourth quartile of BCAA, while in women it was 1.94 (1.07-3.50), comparing to first quartile of BCAA after adjustments for age, BMI, physical activity, family history of DM, pre-diabetes, blood pressure, total cholesterol and HOMA-IR. CONCLUSIONS Higher levels of BCAA were independently predictors of DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca de Almeida-Pititto
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu 740, CEP 04023900 São Paulo, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Endocrinologia e Metabologia, Departamento de Medicina, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Estado de Israel 639, CEP 04023900, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Patrícia M Dualib
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Endocrinologia e Metabologia, Departamento de Medicina, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Estado de Israel 639, CEP 04023900, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Martha C Jordão
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Endocrinologia e Metabologia, Departamento de Medicina, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Estado de Israel 639, CEP 04023900, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - Steven R Jones
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Blalock 524 D1, 600 N. Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Michael J Blaha
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Blalock 524 D1, 600 N. Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Peter P Toth
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Blalock 524 D1, 600 N. Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Preventive Cardiology, CGH Medical Center, 100 E. Le Fevre Road 61081 Sterling, IL, USA.
| | - Raul D Santos
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School Hospital, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 44, CEP 01246-000 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Isabela M Bensenor
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Lineu Prestes 2565 - 4° floor, CEP: 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Centro de Pesquisa do Hospital Universitário, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Lineu Prestes 2565, 3rd floor, CEP 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sandra Roberta G Ferreira
- Departamento de Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Paulo A Lotufo
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Lineu Prestes 2565 - 4° floor, CEP: 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Centro de Pesquisa do Hospital Universitário, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Lineu Prestes 2565, 3rd floor, CEP 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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47
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Duan W, Zi T, Zhao Y, Shan R, Wu H, Sun H, Tian Z, Wang J, Liu L, Zhang Y, Li Y, Sun C. Extent reflecting overall dietary amino acids composition adherence to the human requirement amino acids pattern is associated with the development of type 2 diabetes. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:10141-10157. [PMID: 33819181 PMCID: PMC8064212 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to elucidate whether dietary amino acids (AAs) composition is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to investigate how serum AAs profiles mediated this association. Two prospective cohorts of 1750 and 4024 adults were enrolled. Dietary AAs compositions index (AACI) was developed to reflect the overall quality of dietary AAs composition. Multivariate linear regression and logistic regression models were used to examine associations of AACI and T2DM. The AACI was associated with the incidence of T2DM with the relative risk and 95%CI from the bottom to the top tertiles being 1.00, 1.49 (0.88-2.51) and 2.27 (1.20-4.28), and 1.00, 1.58 (1.13-2.19) and 2.33 (1.56-3.47) in the two cohorts, respectively. The AACI was positively associated with serum valine, isoleucine, glutamic acid and phenylalanine, and it was negatively associated with serum glycine and histidine in both cohorts (P<0.01). Valine, glutamic acid and histidine consistently and partially mediated the association between the AACI and T2DM in the two cohorts, with total mediation effects of 33.4% and 54.6%, respectively. Dietary AAs composition was associated with the incidence of T2DM, meanwhile, the relationship was mediated by some degree of serum AAs. Future dietary strategies should focus on the improvement of the overall quality of dietary AAs compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Duan
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Tianqi Zi
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanhe Zhao
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ruiqi Shan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Huanyu Wu
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hu Sun
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhen Tian
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiemei Wang
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Liyan Liu
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuntao Zhang
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ying Li
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Changhao Sun
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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48
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Palau-Rodriguez M, Marco-Ramell A, Casas-Agustench P, Tulipani S, Miñarro A, Sanchez-Pla A, Murri M, Tinahones FJ, Andres-Lacueva C. Visceral Adipose Tissue Phospholipid Signature of Insulin Sensitivity and Obesity. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:2410-2419. [PMID: 33760621 PMCID: PMC8631729 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Alterations in visceral adipose tissue
(VAT) are closely linked
to cardiometabolic abnormalities. The aim of this work is to define
a metabolic signature in VAT of insulin resistance (IR) dependent
on, and independent of, obesity. An untargeted UPLC-Q-Exactive metabolomic
approach was carried out on the VAT of obese insulin-sensitive (IS)
and insulin-resistant subjects (N = 11 and N = 25, respectively) and nonobese IS and IR subjects (N = 25 and N = 10, respectively). The VAT
metabolome in obesity was defined among other things by changes in
the metabolism of lipids, nucleotides, carbohydrates, and amino acids,
whereas when combined with high IR, it affected the metabolism of
18 carbon fatty acyl-containing phospholipid species. A multimetabolite
model created by glycerophosphatidylinositol (18:0); glycerophosphatidylethanolamine
(18:2); glycerophosphatidylserine (18:0); and glycerophosphatidylcholine
(18:0/18:1), (18:2/18:2), and (18:2/18:3) exhibited a highly predictive
performance to identify the metabotype of “insulin-sensitive
obesity” among obese individuals [area under the curve (AUC)
96.7% (91.9–100)] and within the entire study population [AUC
87.6% (79.0–96.2)]. We demonstrated that IR has a unique and
shared metabolic signature dependent on, and independent of, obesity.
For it to be used in clinical practice, these findings need to be
validated in a more accessible sample, such as blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magalí Palau-Rodriguez
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, XIA, INSA, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain.,CIBER Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERfes), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Anna Marco-Ramell
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, XIA, INSA, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain.,CIBER Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERfes), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Patricia Casas-Agustench
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, XIA, INSA, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain.,CIBER Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERfes), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Sara Tulipani
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, XIA, INSA, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain.,Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Malaga (IBIMA), Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital,, Málaga University, Malaga 29010, Spain
| | - Antonio Miñarro
- CIBER Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERfes), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain.,Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics Department, Biology Faculty, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Alex Sanchez-Pla
- CIBER Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERfes), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain.,Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics Department, Biology Faculty, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Mora Murri
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Malaga (IBIMA), Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital,, Málaga University, Malaga 29010, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Francisco J Tinahones
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Malaga (IBIMA), Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital,, Málaga University, Malaga 29010, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Cristina Andres-Lacueva
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, XIA, INSA, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain.,CIBER Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERfes), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
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49
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Lee S, Gulseth HL, Langleite TM, Norheim F, Olsen T, Refsum H, Jensen J, Birkeland KI, Drevon CA. Branched-chain amino acid metabolism, insulin sensitivity and liver fat response to exercise training in sedentary dysglycaemic and normoglycaemic men. Diabetologia 2021; 64:410-423. [PMID: 33123769 PMCID: PMC7801320 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-020-05296-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Obesity and insulin resistance may be associated with elevated plasma concentration of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and impaired BCAA metabolism. However, it is unknown whether the insulin-sensitising effect of long-term exercise can be explained by concomitant change in BCAAs and their metabolism. METHODS We included 26 sedentary overweight and normal-weight middle-aged men from the MyoGlu clinical trial, with or without dysglycaemia, for 12 weeks of supervised intensive exercise intervention, including two endurance and two resistance sessions weekly. Insulin sensitivity was measured as the glucose infusion rate (GIR) from a hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp. In addition, maximum oxygen uptake, upper and lower body strength and adipose tissue depots (using MRI and spectroscopy) were measured, and subcutaneous white adipose tissue (ScWAT) and skeletal muscle (SkM) biopsies were harvested both before and after the 12 week intervention. In the present study we have measured plasma BCAAs and related metabolites using CG-MS/MS and HPLC-MS/MS, and performed global mRNA-sequencing pathway analysis on ScWAT and SkM. RESULTS In MyoGlu, men with dysglycaemia displayed lower GIR, more fat mass and higher liver fat content than normoglycaemic men at baseline, and 12 weeks of exercise increased GIR, improved body composition and reduced liver fat content similarly for both groups. In our current study we observed higher plasma concentrations of BCAAs (14.4%, p = 0.01) and related metabolites, such as 3-hydroxyisobutyrate (19.4%, p = 0.034) in dysglycaemic vs normoglycaemic men at baseline. Baseline plasma BCAA levels correlated negatively to the change in GIR (ρ = -0.41, p = 0.037) and [Formula: see text] (ρ = -0.47, p = 0.015) after 12 weeks of exercise and positively to amounts of intraperitoneal fat (ρ = 0.40, p = 0.044) and liver fat (ρ = 0.58, p = 0.01). However, circulating BCAAs and related metabolites did not respond to 12 weeks of exercise, with the exception of isoleucine, which increased in normoglycaemic men (10 μmol/l, p = 0.01). Pathway analyses of mRNA-sequencing data implied reduced BCAA catabolism in both SkM and ScWAT in men with dysglycaemia compared with men with normoglycaemia at baseline. Gene expression levels related to BCAA metabolism correlated positively with GIR and markers of mitochondrial content in both SkM and ScWAT, and negatively with fat mass generally, and particularly with intraperitoneal fat mass. mRNA-sequencing pathway analysis also implied increased BCAA metabolism after 12 weeks of exercise in both groups and in both tissues, including enhanced expression of the gene encoding branched-chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase (BCKDH) and reduced expression of the BCKDH phosphatase in both groups and tissues. Gene expression of SLC25A44, which encodes a mitochondrial BCAA transporter, was increased in SkM in both groups, and gene expression of BCKDK, which encodes BCKDH kinase, was reduced in ScWAT in dysglycaemic men. Mediation analyses indicated a pronounced effect of enhanced SkM (~53%, p = 0.022), and a moderate effect of enhanced ScWAT (~18%, p = 0.018) BCAA metabolism on improved insulin sensitivity after 12 weeks of exercise, based on mRNA sequencing. In comparison, plasma concentration of BCAAs did not mediate any effect in this regard. CONCLUSION/INTERPRETATION Plasma BCAA concentration was largely unresponsive to long-term exercise and unrelated to exercise-induced insulin sensitivity. On the other hand, the insulin-sensitising effect of long-term exercise in men may be explained by enhanced SkM and, to a lesser degree, also by enhanced ScWAT BCAA catabolism. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindre Lee
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Hanne L Gulseth
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Ageing, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Torgrim M Langleite
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Frode Norheim
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thomas Olsen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Helga Refsum
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Kåre I Birkeland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christian A Drevon
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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50
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Hey P, Gow P, Testro AG, Apostolov R, Chapman B, Sinclair M. Nutraceuticals for the treatment of sarcopenia in chronic liver disease. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021; 41:13-22. [PMID: 33487256 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2020.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Sarcopenia, defined as loss of muscle mass, strength and function, is associated with adverse clinical outcomes in patients with cirrhosis. Despite improved understanding of the multifaceted pathogenesis, there are few established therapies to treat or prevent muscle loss in this population. This narrative review examines the available literature investigating the role of nutraceuticals for the prevention or treatment of muscle wasting in chronic liver disease. METHODS A comprehensive search or Medline and PubMED databases was conducted. Reference lists were screened to identify additional articles. RESULTS A number of nutritional supplements and vitamins target the specific metabolic derangements that contribute to sarcopenia in cirrhosis including altered amino acid metabolism, hyperammonaemia and inflammation. Branched chain amino acid (BCAA) supplementation has proposed anabolic effects through dual pathways of enhanced ammonia clearance and stimulation of muscle protein synthesis. l-carnitine also has multimodal effects on muscle and shows promise as a therapy for muscle loss through anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and ammonia lowering properties. Other nutraceuticals including l-ornithine l-aspartate, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and zinc and vitamin D supplementation, may similarly have positive effects on muscle homeostasis, however further evidence to support their use in cirrhotic populations is required. CONCLUSION Nutraceuticals offer a promising and likely safe adjunct to standard care for sarcopenia in cirrhosis. While there is most evidence to support the use of BCAA and l-carnitine supplementation, further well-designed clinical trials are needed to elucidate their efficacy as a therapy for muscle loss in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penelope Hey
- Liver Transplant Unit, Austin Health, 145 Studley Rd, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Paul Gow
- Liver Transplant Unit, Austin Health, 145 Studley Rd, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Adam G Testro
- Liver Transplant Unit, Austin Health, 145 Studley Rd, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Ross Apostolov
- Liver Transplant Unit, Austin Health, 145 Studley Rd, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Brooke Chapman
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Austin Health, 145 Studley Rd, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Marie Sinclair
- Liver Transplant Unit, Austin Health, 145 Studley Rd, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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