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Jia W, Ouyang Y, Zhang S, Zhang P, Huang S. Nanopore Identification of L-, D-Lactic Acids, D-Glucose and Gluconic Acid in the Serum of Human and Animals. SMALL METHODS 2024:e2400664. [PMID: 38864527 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202400664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
DL-Lactic acid and D-glucose are important human health indicators. Their aberrant levels in body fluids may indicate a variety of human pathological conditions, suggesting an urgent need of daily monitoring. However, simultaneous and rapid analysis of DL-lactic acid and D-glucose using a sole but simple sensing system has never been reported. Here, an engineered Mycobacterium smegmatis porin A (MspA) nanopore is used to simultaneously identify DL-lactic acid and D-glucose. Highly distinguishable nanopore event features are reported. Assisted with a custom machine learning algorithm, direct identification of DL-lactic acid and D-glucose is performed with human serum, demonstrating its sensing reliability against complex and heterogeneous samples. This sensing strategy is further applied in the analysis of different animal serum samples, according to which gluconic acid is further identified. The serum samples from different animals report distinguishable levels of DL-lactic acid, D-glucose and gluconic acid, suggesting its potential applications in agricultural science and breeding industry. This sensing strategy is generally direct, rapid, economic and requires only ≈µL of input serum, suitable for point of care testing (POCT) applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendong Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yusheng Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Shanyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Panke Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Shuo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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Visser MM, Vangoitsenhoven R, Gillard P, Mathieu C. Review Article - Diabetes Technology in the Hospital: An Update. Curr Diab Rep 2024:10.1007/s11892-024-01545-3. [PMID: 38842632 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-024-01545-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW There have been many developments in diabetes technology in recent years, with continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), insulin pump therapy (CSII) and automated insulin delivery (AID) becoming progressively accepted in outpatient diabetes care. However, the use of such advanced diabetes technology in the inpatient setting is still limited for several reasons, including logistical challenges and staff training needs. On the other hand, hospital settings with altered diet and stress-induced hyperglycemia often pose challenges to tight glycemic control using conventional treatment tools. Integrating smarter glucose monitoring and insulin delivery devices into the increasingly technical hospital environment could reduce diabetes-related morbidity and mortality. This narrative review describes the most recent literature on the use of diabetes technology in the hospital and suggests avenues for further research. RECENT FINDINGS Advanced diabetes technology has the potential to improve glycemic control in hospitalized people with and without diabetes, and could add particular value in certain conditions, such as nutrition therapy or perioperative management. Taken together, CGM allows for more accurate and patient-friendly follow-up and ad hoc titration of therapy. AID may also provide benefits, including improved glycemic control and reduced nursing workload. Before advanced diabetes technology can be used on a large scale in the hospital, further research is needed on efficacy, accuracy and safety, while implementation factors such as cost and staff training must also be overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pieter Gillard
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Chantal Mathieu
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals Leuven, Louvain, Belgium.
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3
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Lian LY, Xue WH, Lu JJ, Zheng RJ. Impact of stress hyperglycemia ratio on mortality in patients with cardiac arrest: insight from American MIMIC-IV database. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1383993. [PMID: 38836227 PMCID: PMC11148256 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1383993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Stress hyperglycemia ratio (SHR) has shown a predominant correlation with transient adverse events in critically ill patients. However, there remains a gap in comprehensive research regarding the association between SHR and mortality among patients experiencing cardiac arrest and admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Methods A total of 535 patients with their initial ICU admission suffered cardiac arrest, according to the American Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC)-IV database. Patients were stratified into four categories based on quantiles of SHR. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to evaluate the association SHR and mortality. The association between SHR and mortality was assessed using multivariable Cox regression models. Subgroup analyses were conducted to determine whether SHR influenced ICU, 1-year, and long-term all-cause mortality in subgroups stratified according to diabetes status. Results Patients with higher SHR, when compared to the reference quartile 1 group, exhibited a greater risk of ICU mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 3.029; 95% CI: 1.802-5.090), 1-year mortality (aHR = 3.057; 95% CI: 1.885-4.958), and long-term mortality (aHR = 3.183; 95% CI: 2.020-5.015). This association was particularly noteworthy among patients without diabetes, as indicated by subgroup analysis. Conclusion Elevated SHR was notably associated with heightened risks of ICU, 1-year, and long-term all-cause mortality among cardiac arrest patients. These findings underscore the importance of considering SHR as a potential prognostic factor in the critical care management of cardiac arrest patients, warranting further investigation and clinical attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-You Lian
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wei-Hao Xue
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jia-Jia Lu
- Department of Public Education, Zhangzhou Institute of Technology, Zhangzhou, China
| | - Ru-Jie Zheng
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Jang SA, Min Kim K, Jin Kang H, Heo SJ, Sik Kim C, Won Park S. Higher mortality and longer length of stay in hospitalized patients with newly diagnosed diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2024; 210:111601. [PMID: 38432469 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2024.111601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
AIMS We investigated the association between diabetes status at admission and in-hospital outcomes in all hospitalized patients, regardless of the reason for admission. METHODS All individuals aged 20 years or older who were admitted to Yongin Severance Hospital between March 2020 and February 2022 were included in study. Subjects were categorized into three groups: non-DM, known DM, and newly diagnosed DM, based on medical history, anti-diabetic medications use, and laboratory test. Hospitalization-related outcomes, including in-hospital mortality and length of hospital stay, were compared between groups. RESULTS 33,166 participants were enrolled. At hospitalization, 6,572 (19.8 %) subjects were classified as known DM, and another 2,634 (7.9 %) subjects were classified as newly diagnosed DM. In-hospital mortality was highest in newly diagnosed DM (HR 1.89, 95% CI 1.58-2.26, p < 0.001) followed by known DM (HR 1.41, 95% CI 1.18-1.69, p < 0.001) compared to non-DM. Length of hospital stay was significantly longer in newly diagnosed DM (median [IQR] 9.0 [5.0-18.0],days) than known DM (median [IQR] 5.0 [3.0-10.0],days)(p < 0.001) and non-DM (median [IQR] 4.0 [2.0-7.0],days). After adjusting for multiple covariates, newly diagnosed diabetes was independently associated with increased in-hospital mortality (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Diabetes status at admission was closely linked to hospitalization-related outcomes. Notably, individuals with newly diagnosed diabetes demonstrated a higher risk of in-hospital mortality and a prolonged length of hospital stay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seol A Jang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin, Korea
| | - Kyoung Min Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin, Korea
| | - Hye Jin Kang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin, Korea
| | - Seok-Jae Heo
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Biomedical Systems Informatics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chul Sik Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin, Korea
| | - Seok Won Park
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin, Korea.
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Ruiz de Assín Valverde A, Alfaro Martínez JJ, López García MC, Jara Vidal M, Gallach Martínez M, Roig-Marin N, Quílez Toboso RP, Gonzalvo Díaz C, García Blasco L, Pinés Corrales PJ, Lamas Oliveira C, Aznar Rodríguez S, Parreño Caparrós E, López Jiménez LM. Evolution of interconsultal activity to endocrinology and nutrition in hospitalization floor in a third level hospital. ENDOCRINOL DIAB NUTR 2024; 71:163-170. [PMID: 38714475 DOI: 10.1016/j.endien.2024.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/10/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Endocrinology and Nutrition (EyN) is an outpatient and hospital medical specialty. This study aims to understand the evolution of the activity of interdepartmental consultation (IC) carried out by EyN in hospitalization floor of a third level hospital, comparing its evolution with other medical specialties, and comparing endocrine IC with nutritional IC. MATERIAL AND METHODS Longitudinal and retrospective study which analyzes IC notes of EyN and other medical specialties between 01-01-2013 and 31-12-2022. RESULTS A total of 76093 IC notes (12623 patients) were performed by the EyN service (average age 65.4 years; 59% male) with an average of 4.8 notes per patient. Average annual growth was 7% in notes and 4% in patients (versus 6% and 3% of all other medical services, differences statistically significant). Of all patients hospitalized for 4 or more days, EyN went from attending 7.9% (2013) to 12.3% (2022). 66% of the IC performed by EyN was for nutritional cause and 34% for other pathologies. CONCLUSIONS The EyN service is the one that most patients attend in hospital IC activity, with growth over the last few years greater than other medical specialties. Nutritional pathology is the main reason for IC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Noel Roig-Marin
- Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, Albacete, Spain
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Monteiro Lopes S, Maia A, Melo P, Abreu S, Paiva I, Barros L. [Non-Insulin Antidiabetic Agents in the Management of Hyperglycaemia of Non-Critical Hospitalized Patients]. ACTA MEDICA PORT 2024; 37:207-214. [PMID: 38316163 DOI: 10.20344/amp.20858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Hyperglycaemia affects more than 30% of adults hospitalized for non-critical illness and is associated with an increased risk of adverse clinical outcomes. Insulin therapy is widely used for its safety and efficacy. However, given the growing availability of new drugs and new classes of antidiabetic agents with benefits beyond glycaemic control, challenges arise regarding their use in the hospital setting. This article aims to review and summarize the most recently available evidence and recommendations on the role of non-insulin antidiabetic agents in the management of hyperglycaemia in hospitalized patients. Insulin therapy remains the method of choice. Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors can be considered in mild to moderate hyperglycaemia. Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists have recently shown promising results, with high efficacy in glycaemic control and low risk of hypoglycaemia. There are concerns regarding the increased risk of acidosis with metformin use, especially in cases of acute illness, although there is no evidence to support its suspension in selected patients with relative clinical stability. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors should be discontinued in clinical situations that may predispose to ketoacidosis, including episodes of acute illness. The hospital use of sulfonylureas and thiazolidinediones is not advised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Monteiro Lopes
- Grupo de Estudos de Diabetes. Sociedade Portuguesa de Endocrinologia, Diabetes e Metabolismo. Lisboa; Serviço de Endocrinologia, Diabetes e Metabolismo. Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra. Coimbra. Portugal
| | - Ariana Maia
- Grupo de Estudos de Diabetes. Sociedade Portuguesa de Endocrinologia, Diabetes e Metabolismo. Lisboa; Serviço de Endocrinologia. Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto. Porto. Portugal
| | - Pedro Melo
- Grupo de Estudos de Diabetes. Sociedade Portuguesa de Endocrinologia, Diabetes e Metabolismo. Lisboa; Serviço de Endocrinologia. Unidade Local de Saúde de Matosinhos. Portugal
| | - Silvestre Abreu
- Grupo de Estudos de Diabetes. Sociedade Portuguesa de Endocrinologia, Diabetes e Metabolismo. Lisboa; Serviço Regional de Saúde da Região Autónoma da Madeira. Funchal. Portugal
| | - Isabel Paiva
- Grupo de Estudos de Diabetes. Sociedade Portuguesa de Endocrinologia, Diabetes e Metabolismo. Lisboa; Serviço de Endocrinologia, Diabetes e Metabolismo. Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra. Coimbra. Portugal
| | - Luísa Barros
- Grupo de Estudos de Diabetes. Sociedade Portuguesa de Endocrinologia, Diabetes e Metabolismo. Lisboa; Serviço de Endocrinologia, Diabetes e Metabolismo. Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra. Coimbra. Portugal
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7
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Limbachia V, Nunney I, Page DJ, Barton HA, Patel LK, Thomason GN, Green SL, Lewis KFJ, Dhatariya K. The effect of different types of oral or intravenous corticosteroids on capillary blood glucose levels in hospitalized inpatients with and without diabetes. Clin Ther 2024; 46:e59-e63. [PMID: 38061932 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2023.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated: (1) the type of corticosteroid associated with the greatest degree of hyperglycemia, assessed using bedside capillary blood glucose monitoring, in hospitalized patients; and (2) the pattern of hyperglycemia throughout the day with the use of each type of corticosteroid. METHODS This single-center, retrospective study used data from 964 adult inpatients receiving oral or IV corticosteroids. Data on capillary blood glucose concentrations and time taken over 7 days were collected. A mixed model for repeated measures was applied to investigate changes in glucose concentration over time with the use of four different corticosteroids. An autoregressive covariance structure was used to model correlations between repeated measurements. FINDINGS Across all 7 days, the mean blood glucose concentration was greater with dexamethasone compared to that with hydrocortisone (mean difference, 16.6 mg/dL [95% CI, 8.1-24.8] [0.92 mmol/L (95% CI, 0.45-1.38)]) or prednisolone (mean difference, 20.0 mg/dL [95% CI, 14.2-25.7] [1.11 mmol/L (95% CI, 0.79-1.43)]). The mean blood glucose concentration was greater with methylprednisolone compared to that with hydrocortisone (mean difference, 23.9 mg/dL [95% CI, 11.3-36.4] [1.33 mmol/L (95% CI, 0.63-2.02)]), and with methylprednisolone versus prednisolone (mean difference, 27.4 mg/dL [95% CI, 16.4-38.3] [1.52 mmol/L (95% CI, 0.91-2.13)]). There were no significant differences in the patterns of hyperglycemia at six time points of the day with each type of corticosteroid. IMPLICATIONS Treatment with oral or IV dexamethasone or methylprednisolone was associated with greater hyperglycemia in comparison to prednisolone and hydrocortisone. More vigorous monitoring and intervention, when necessary, are suggested in adult inpatients receiving corticosteroids, in particular dexamethasone and methylprednisolone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali Limbachia
- Department of Medicine, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Norwich, United Kingdom; Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Nunney
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel J Page
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah A Barton
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Leena K Patel
- Department of Medicine, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Georgia N Thomason
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Stephan L Green
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Kieran F J Lewis
- Department of Medicine, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Ketan Dhatariya
- Department of Medicine, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Norwich, United Kingdom; Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom; Elsie Bertram Diabetes Centre-Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Norwich, United Kingdom.
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Struja T, Nitritz N, Alexander I, Kupferschmid K, Hafner JF, Spagnuolo CC, Schuetz P, Mueller B, Blum CA. Treatment of glucocorticoid- induced hyperglycemia in hospitalized patients - a systematic review and meta- analysis. Clin Diabetes Endocrinol 2024; 10:8. [PMID: 38281042 PMCID: PMC10821212 DOI: 10.1186/s40842-023-00158-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Glucocorticoid (GC)-induced hyperglycemia is a frequent issue, however there are no specific guidelines for this diabetes subtype. Although treat-to-target insulin is recommended in general to correct hyperglycemia, it remains unclear which treatment strategy has a positive effect on outcomes. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to assess whether treating GC-induced hyperglycemia improves clinical outcomes. METHODS MEDLINE and EMBASE were systematically searched for RCTs on adults reporting treatment and outcomes of GC-induced hyperglycemia since the beginning of the data bases until October 21, 2023. Glucose-lowering strategies as compared to usual care were investigated. RESULTS We found 17 RCTs with 808 patients and included seven trials in the quantitative analysis. Patients with an intensive glucose-lowering strategy had lower standardized mean glucose levels of - 0.29 mmol/l (95%CI -0.64 to -0.05) compared to usual care group patients. There was no increase in hypoglycemic events in the intensively treated groups (RR 0.91, 95%CI 0.70-1.17). Overall, we did not have enough trials reporting clinical outcomes for a quantitative analysis with only one trial reporting mortality. CONCLUSION In GC-induced hyperglycemia, tight glucose control has a moderate effect on mean glucose levels with no apparent harmful effect regarding hypoglycemia. There is insufficient data whether insulin treatment improves clinical outcomes, and data on non-insulin based treatment regimens are currently too sparse to draw any conclusions. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION Registered as CRD42020147409 at PROSPERO ( https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/ ) on April 28, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Struja
- Department of General Internal and Emergency Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Medical University Clinic (University of Basel), Kantonsspital Aarau, Tellstrasse 25, Haus 7, Aarau, 5001, Switzerland
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Neele Nitritz
- Department of General Internal and Emergency Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Medical University Clinic (University of Basel), Kantonsspital Aarau, Tellstrasse 25, Haus 7, Aarau, 5001, Switzerland
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Islay Alexander
- Department of General Internal and Emergency Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Medical University Clinic (University of Basel), Kantonsspital Aarau, Tellstrasse 25, Haus 7, Aarau, 5001, Switzerland
| | - Kevin Kupferschmid
- Department of General Internal and Emergency Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Medical University Clinic (University of Basel), Kantonsspital Aarau, Tellstrasse 25, Haus 7, Aarau, 5001, Switzerland
| | - Jason F Hafner
- Department of General Internal and Emergency Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Medical University Clinic (University of Basel), Kantonsspital Aarau, Tellstrasse 25, Haus 7, Aarau, 5001, Switzerland
| | - Carlos C Spagnuolo
- Department of General Internal and Emergency Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Medical University Clinic (University of Basel), Kantonsspital Aarau, Tellstrasse 25, Haus 7, Aarau, 5001, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Schuetz
- Department of General Internal and Emergency Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Medical University Clinic (University of Basel), Kantonsspital Aarau, Tellstrasse 25, Haus 7, Aarau, 5001, Switzerland
| | - Beat Mueller
- Department of General Internal and Emergency Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Medical University Clinic (University of Basel), Kantonsspital Aarau, Tellstrasse 25, Haus 7, Aarau, 5001, Switzerland
| | - Claudine A Blum
- Department of General Internal and Emergency Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Medical University Clinic (University of Basel), Kantonsspital Aarau, Tellstrasse 25, Haus 7, Aarau, 5001, Switzerland.
- Hormonpraxis Aarau, Praxis für Endokrinologie, Diabetologie und Osteologie, Aarau, Switzerland.
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Habermann A, Widaeus M, Soltani N, Myles PS, Hallqvist L, Bell M. Days at home alive after major surgery in patients with and without diabetes: an observational cohort study. Perioper Med (Lond) 2024; 13:4. [PMID: 38254223 PMCID: PMC10802053 DOI: 10.1186/s13741-023-00357-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that days at home alive up to 30 days after surgery (DAH30), a novel patient-centered outcome metric, as well as long-term mortality, would be impaired in patients with type 1 or 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) undergoing major surgery. METHODS This cohort study investigated patients > 18 years with and without DM presenting for major non-cardiovascular, non-ambulatory surgical procedures at 23 hospitals in Sweden between 2007 and 2014. We identified 290,306 patients. Data were matched with various quality registers. The primary outcome was the composite score, DAH30. The secondary outcome was mortality from 31 to 365 days. Using multivariable logistic regression, significant independent risk factors influencing the primary and secondary outcomes were identified, and their adjusted odds ratios were calculated. RESULTS Patients with DM type 1 and 2 had significantly lower DAH30 as compared to non-diabetics. Patients with DM were older, had higher co-morbid burden, and needed more emergency surgery. After adjustment for illness severity and age, the odds of having a DAH30 less than 15, indicating death and/or complications, were significantly increased for both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. In the year after surgery, DM patients had a higher mortality as compared to those without diabetes. CONCLUSIONS The results of this large cohort study are likely broadly generalizable. To optimize patient and societal outcomes, specific perioperative care pathways for patients with diabetes should be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Habermann
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matilda Widaeus
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Navid Soltani
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paul S Myles
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Linn Hallqvist
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Max Bell
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
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10
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Tshongo C, Baguma M, Mateso G, Makali SL, Bedha A, Mwene‐Batu P, Mihigo M, Nzabara F, Balola C, Kabuya P, Bapolisi A, Masimango MI, Bahizire E, Maheshe‐Balemba G, Shindano TA, Cirhuza C. Hyperglycemia and elevated C-reactive protein are independent predictors of hospital mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients in South-Kivu, eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo: A cross-sectional study. Health Sci Rep 2024; 7:e1803. [PMID: 38213779 PMCID: PMC10782469 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was a priority public health problem because of its high mortality rate. This study mainly aimed to determine factors associated with a poor outcome in COVID-19 hospitalized patients in South-Kivu, an eastern province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Methods This observational study retrospectively evaluated medical records of patients consecutively admitted for probable or confirmed COVID-19 between May 01 and July 31, 2020 at the Hôpital Provincial Général de Référence de Bukavu (HPGRB), a tertiary hospital located in South-Kivu. A binary logistic regression model was performed to determine the predictors of mortality. Results A total of 157 hospitalized COVID-19 patients aged 57.7 (13.2) years were included in this study. Male gender (69.4%), older age (52.9%), medical history of diabetes (38.2%), and arterial hypertension (35.1%) were the most frequent risk factors. Most patients presented with fever (73.3%), cough (72.6%), and dyspnea (66.2%). Overall, 45.1% of patients died. Intrahospital mortality was significantly associated with advanced age [odds ratio, OR (95% confidence interval, CI) = 2.34 (1.06-5.38)], hypoxemia [OR (95% CI) = 4.67 (2.02-10.77)], hyperglycemia [OR (95% CI) = 2.14 (1.06-4.31)], kidney failure [OR (95% CI) = 2.82 (1.4-5.68)], hyperleukocytosis [OR (95% CI) = 3.33 (1.67-6.66)], and higher C-reactive protein (CRP) levels [OR (95% CI) = 3.93 (1.93-8.01)]. After adjustment for various covariates, only higher CRP levels [OR (95% CI) = 3.23 (1.23-8.5)] and hyperglycemia [OR (95% CI) = 2.5 (1.02-6.11)] at admission were independently associated with mortality. Conclusion Hyperglycemia and marked inflammatory syndrome were the major predictors of poor outcomes in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 in South-Kivu. These two factors should be quantified at hospital admission to establish the patient's prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Tshongo
- Faculty of MedicineUniversité Catholique de Bukavu (UCB)BukavuDemocratic Republic of the Congo
- Department of Internal MedicineHôpital Provincial Général de Référence de Bukavu (HPGRB)BukavuDemocratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Marius Baguma
- Faculty of MedicineUniversité Catholique de Bukavu (UCB)BukavuDemocratic Republic of the Congo
- Department of Internal MedicineHôpital Provincial Général de Référence de Bukavu (HPGRB)BukavuDemocratic Republic of the Congo
- Center for Tropical Diseases and Global Health (CTDGH)Université Catholique de Bukavu (UCB)BukavuDemocratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Guy‐Quesney Mateso
- Department of Internal MedicineHôpital Provincial Général de Référence de Bukavu (HPGRB)BukavuDemocratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Samuel Lwamushi Makali
- Department of Internal MedicineHôpital Provincial Général de Référence de Bukavu (HPGRB)BukavuDemocratic Republic of the Congo
- École Régionale de Santé PubliqueUniversité Catholique de BukavuBukavuDemocratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Aline Bedha
- Faculty of MedicineUniversité Catholique de Bukavu (UCB)BukavuDemocratic Republic of the Congo
- Department of Internal MedicineHôpital Provincial Général de Référence de Bukavu (HPGRB)BukavuDemocratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Pacifique Mwene‐Batu
- Faculty of MedicineUniversité Catholique de Bukavu (UCB)BukavuDemocratic Republic of the Congo
- Department of Internal MedicineHôpital Provincial Général de Référence de Bukavu (HPGRB)BukavuDemocratic Republic of the Congo
- École Régionale de Santé PubliqueUniversité Catholique de BukavuBukavuDemocratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Martine Mihigo
- Department of Internal MedicineHôpital Provincial Général de Référence de Bukavu (HPGRB)BukavuDemocratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Fabrice Nzabara
- Department of Internal MedicineHôpital Provincial Général de Référence de Bukavu (HPGRB)BukavuDemocratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Cordule Balola
- Department of Internal MedicineHôpital Provincial Général de Référence de Bukavu (HPGRB)BukavuDemocratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Pierre Kabuya
- Department of Internal MedicineHôpital Provincial Général de Référence de Bukavu (HPGRB)BukavuDemocratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Achille Bapolisi
- Faculty of MedicineUniversité Catholique de Bukavu (UCB)BukavuDemocratic Republic of the Congo
- Department of Internal MedicineHôpital Provincial Général de Référence de Bukavu (HPGRB)BukavuDemocratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Mannix I. Masimango
- Faculty of MedicineUniversité Catholique de Bukavu (UCB)BukavuDemocratic Republic of the Congo
- Department of Internal MedicineHôpital Provincial Général de Référence de Bukavu (HPGRB)BukavuDemocratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Esto Bahizire
- Faculty of MedicineUniversité Catholique de Bukavu (UCB)BukavuDemocratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Ghislain Maheshe‐Balemba
- Faculty of MedicineUniversité Catholique de Bukavu (UCB)BukavuDemocratic Republic of the Congo
- Department of Internal MedicineHôpital Provincial Général de Référence de Bukavu (HPGRB)BukavuDemocratic Republic of the Congo
- École Régionale de Santé PubliqueUniversité Catholique de BukavuBukavuDemocratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Tony A. Shindano
- Faculty of MedicineUniversité Catholique de Bukavu (UCB)BukavuDemocratic Republic of the Congo
- Department of Internal MedicineHôpital Provincial Général de Référence de Bukavu (HPGRB)BukavuDemocratic Republic of the Congo
- Center for Tropical Diseases and Global Health (CTDGH)Université Catholique de Bukavu (UCB)BukavuDemocratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Cikomola Cirhuza
- Faculty of MedicineUniversité Catholique de Bukavu (UCB)BukavuDemocratic Republic of the Congo
- Department of Internal MedicineHôpital Provincial Général de Référence de Bukavu (HPGRB)BukavuDemocratic Republic of the Congo
- Center for Tropical Diseases and Global Health (CTDGH)Université Catholique de Bukavu (UCB)BukavuDemocratic Republic of the Congo
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11
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Kim JY, Han JM, Yun B, Yee J, Gwak HS. Machine learning-based prediction of risk factors for abnormal glycemic control in diabetic cancer patients receiving nutrition support: a case-control study. Hormones (Athens) 2023; 22:637-645. [PMID: 37755659 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-023-00492-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To date, risk factors affecting abnormal glycemic control have not been investigated. This study aimed to analyze risk factors for hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia in diabetic cancer patients receiving nutritional support by using machine learning methods. METHODS This retrospective two-center study was performed using medical records. Odds ratios and adjusted odds ratios were estimated from univariate and multivariate analyses, respectively. Machine learning algorithms, including five-fold cross-validated multivariate logistic regression, elastic net, and random forest, were developed to predict risk factors for hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia. RESULTS Data from 127 patients were analyzed. The use of sulfonylurea (SU) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level > 20 mg/dL increased hypoglycemia by 6.3-fold (95% CI 1.30-30.47) and 5.0-fold (95% CI 1.06-23.46), respectively. In contrast, patients who received an actual energy intake/total energy expenditure (TEE) ≥ 120% and used dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors had a higher risk of hyperglycemia by 19.3- (95% CI 1.46-254.78) and 3.3-fold (95% CI 1.23-8.61), respectively. An initial blood glucose level ≥ 182.5 mg/dL also increased the risk of hyperglycemia by 15.3-fold. AUROC values for all machine learning methods indicated acceptable and excellent performance for hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia. CONCLUSION The use of SU and BUN level > 20 mg/dL increased the risk of hypoglycemia, whereas an initial blood glucose level ≥ 182.5 mg/dL, a supplied actual energy intake/ TEE ≥ 120%, and the use of DPP-4 inhibitors increased the risk of hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Yun Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea
- Department of Pharmacy, Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon, 22711, Korea
| | - Ji Min Han
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-Si, 28160, Korea
| | - Bona Yun
- Graduate School of Converging Clinical & Public Health, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea
- Department of Pharmacy, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, 01812, Korea
| | - Jeong Yee
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea
| | - Hye Sun Gwak
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea.
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12
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Jandovitz N, George SJ, Abate M, Kressel AM, Bolognese AC, Lau L, Nair V, Grodstein E. A randomized trial of continuous glucose monitoring to improve post-transplant glycemic control. Clin Transplant 2023; 37:e15139. [PMID: 37725341 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.15139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study examines whether the use of inpatient Continuous Glucose Monitors provides improved glycemic control over finger-stick glucose monitoring post-transplant. METHODS This is a single-site, prospective randomized controlled trial of 40 patients receiving conventional finger-stick glucose monitoring or continuous monitoring using the Medtronic Guardian Sensor 3 during the first 5 days post-transplant. Included patients were adult renal transplant recipients with a diagnosis of diabetes. Assessed endpoints included post-transplant daily median glucose level, hyperglycemic (≥180 mg/dL) and hypoglycemic (≤80 mg/dL) episodes, number of post-transplant bacterial infections and length of stay. RESULTS Groups were well matched in demographic variables. Median daily glucose was significantly lower in the intervention group. There were also significantly less episodes of hyperglycemia on postoperative days 2, 3, 4, and 5. There were no differences in the incidences of hypoglycemia, postoperative bacterial infections, or length of stay. CONCLUSION In this randomized study, the use of a continuous glucose monitor to guide post-transplant glucose management significantly lowered the incidence of hyperglycemic episodes and median glucose levels through the first 5 days post-transplant without increasing the number of hypoglycemic episodes. The use of these devices can be considered in the immediate post-renal transplant setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Jandovitz
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Northwell Health, Hempstead, New York, USA
| | - Sam J George
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Mersema Abate
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Northwell Health, Hempstead, New York, USA
| | - Adam M Kressel
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Northwell Health, Hempstead, New York, USA
| | - Alexandra C Bolognese
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Northwell Health, Hempstead, New York, USA
| | - Lawrence Lau
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Northwell Health, Hempstead, New York, USA
| | - Vinay Nair
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Northwell Health, Hempstead, New York, USA
| | - Elliot Grodstein
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Northwell Health, Hempstead, New York, USA
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13
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Dei Cas A, Aldigeri R, Ridolfi V, Vazzana A, Ciardullo AV, Manicardi V, Sforza A, Tomasi F, Zavaroni D, Zavaroni I, Bonadonna RC. Efficacy of a training programme for the management of diabetes mellitus in the hospital: A randomized study (stage 2 of GOVEPAZ healthcare). Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2023; 39:e3708. [PMID: 37574863 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To assess the efficacy of a structured educational intervention for health professionals on the appropriateness of inpatient diabetes care and on some clinical outcomes in hospitalised subjects. METHODS A multicentre (6 regional hospitals) cluster-randomized (2:1) two parallel-group pragmatic intervention trials, as a part of the GOVEPAZ study, was conducted in three clinical settings, that is, Internal Medicine, Surgery and Intensive Care. Intervention consisted of a 2-month structured education of clinical staff to inpatient diabetes care. Twelve wards - 2 for each hospital - and 6 wards - 1 for each hospital - were randomized to usual care and to the intervention arm, respectively. Consecutively hospitalised diabetic subjects (n = 524, age 74 ± 14 years, 57% males, median HbA1C 57 mmol/mol) were included. The clinical appropriateness of inpatient diabetes management was assessed by a previously validated multi-domain performance score (PS). Clinical outcomes included hypoglycemia, glucose control biomarkers, clinical conditions at discharge and inpatient mortality rate. RESULTS A numerically, but not statistically significant, higher PS (+0.94; 95% C.I.: -0.53 - +2.4) was achieved in the intervention than in the usual care wards. Hypoglycemias (p = 0.32), glucose control (p = 0.89) and survival rates (p = 0.71) were similar in the two experimental arms. Plasma glucose on admission (OR = 1.52 per 1 SD; C.I. 1.07-2.17; p = 0.021) and the number of hypoglycemic events per patient (OR = 1.55 per 1 SD; C.I.:1.11-2.16; p = 0.011) were independently associated with the inpatient mortality rate. CONCLUSIONS Structured education of the clinical staff failed to improve the inpatient appropriateness of diabetes care or clinical outcomes. In-hospital hypoglycemia was confirmed to be an independent indicator of death risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Dei Cas
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Valentina Ridolfi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Angela Vazzana
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ivana Zavaroni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Riccardo C Bonadonna
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
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14
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Irace C, Coluzzi S, Di Cianni G, Forte E, Landi F, Rizzo MR, Sesti G, Succurro E, Consoli A. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in a non-Icu hospital setting: The patient's journey. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 33:2107-2118. [PMID: 37574433 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2023.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Although consistent data support the outpatient use of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) to improve glycemic control and reduce hypoglycemic burden, and clinical outcomes, there are limited data regarding its use in the hospital setting, particularly in the non-intensive care unit (non-ICU) setting. The emerging use of CGM in the non-critical care setting may be useful in increasing the efficiency of hospital care and reducing the length of stay for patients with diabetes while improving glycemic control. DATA SYNTHESIS The purpose of this Expert Opinion paper was to evaluate the state of the art and provide a practical model of how CGM can be implemented in the hospital. SETTING A patient's CGM journey from admission to the ward to the application of the sensor, from patient education on the device during hospitalization until discharge of the patient to maintain remote control. CONCLUSIONS This practical approach for the implementation and management of CGM in patients with diabetes admitted to non-ICUs could guide hospitals in their diabetes management initiatives using CGM, helping to identify patients most likely to benefit and suggesting how this technology can be implemented to maximize clinical benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concetta Irace
- Department of Health Science, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Sara Coluzzi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Unit, ASL, Pescara, Italy
| | - Graziano Di Cianni
- ASL Tuscany Northwest, Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Livorno Hospital, Livorno, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Landi
- Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Rizzo
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Giorgio Sesti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Succurro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Agostino Consoli
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Unit, ASL, Pescara, Italy; Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences DMSI and Center for Advanced Studies and Technology CAST, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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15
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Ayalon-Dangur I, Babich T, Samuel MH, Leibovici L, Grossman A. Safety and efficacy of non-insulin therapy in non-critically ill hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Eur J Intern Med 2023; 116:106-118. [PMID: 37355348 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2023.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Clinical guidelines recommend insulin as the mainstay of therapy for hospitalized patients with diabetes mellitus. The aim of the current study is to evaluate safety and efficacy of non-insulin anti-hyperglycemic therapy in hospitalized patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining treatment of hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes with insulin vs non-insulin therapy. We searched PubMed and the Cochrane Library for RCTs published from inception to November 30, 2022. Primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and hypoglycemic events during hospitalization. This meta-analysis includes two parts, the first is a comparison between insulin and non-insulin therapy and the second is a comparison between insulin only and a combination of insulin+non-insulin therapy. RESULTS A total of 14 randomized control studies and 1570 patients were included. There was a lower incidence of 30-day mortality in the insulin+non-insulin group compared with the insulin group without statistical significance, RR 0.64 (95%CI 0.30-1.35). Hypoglycemic events were significantly lower with the non-insulin therapies compared to insulin therapy, RR 0.23 (95%CI 0.09-0.55). Mean daily glucose levels were significantly lower in the insulin+non-insulin group compared to the insulin group by 10.83 mg/dL (95%CI -14.78-(-6.87)). CONCLUSIONS Non-insulin either with or without insulin, results in lower rates of hypoglycemia. Non-insulin+insulin is more effective than insulin alone in reducing blood glucose levels. Non-insulin-based therapy is safe and effective for control of hyperglycemia. Insulin combined with non-insulin drugs seems to be the preferred treatment option for the majority of hospitalized patients with type 2 DM in the non-critical care setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irit Ayalon-Dangur
- Institute of Endocrinology, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petah-Tikva, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tanya Babich
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Research Authority, Rabin Medical Center, Petah-Tikva, Israel
| | | | - Leonard Leibovici
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Research Authority, Rabin Medical Center, Petah-Tikva, Israel
| | - Alon Grossman
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Department of Medicine B, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petah-Tikva, Israel.
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16
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Dubois N, Muñoz-Garcia J, Heymann D, Renodon-Cornière A. High glucose exposure drives intestinal barrier dysfunction by altering its morphological, structural and functional properties. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 216:115765. [PMID: 37619641 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
High dietary glucose consumption and hyperglycemia can result in chronic complications. Several studies suggest that high glucose (HG) induces dysfunction of the intestinal barrier. However, the precise changes remain unclear. In our study, we used in vitro models composed of Caco-2 and/or HT29-MTX cells in both monoculture and co-culture to assess the effects of long-term HG exposure on the morphological, structural, and functional properties of the intestinal barrier. Cells were grown in medium containing normal physiologic glucose (NG, 5.5 mM) or a clinically relevant HG (25 mM) concentration until 21 days. Results demonstrated that HG induced morphological changes, with the layers appearing denser and less organized than under physiological conditions, which is in accordance with the increased migration capacity of Caco-2 cells and proliferation properties of HT29-MTX cells. Although we mostly observed a small decrease in mRNA and protein expressions of three junction proteins (ZO-1, OCLN and E-cad) in both Caco-2 and HT29-MTX cells cultured in HG medium, confocal microscopy showed that HG induced a remarkable reduction in their immunofluorescence intensity, triggering disruption of their associated structural network. In addition, we highlighted that HG affected different functionalities (permeability, mucus production and alkaline phosphatase activity) of monolayers with Caco-2 and HT29-MTX cells. Interestingly, these alterations were stronger in co-culture than in monoculture, suggesting a cross-relationship between enterocytes and goblet cells. Controlling hyperglycemia remains a major therapeutical method for reducing damage to the intestinal barrier and improving therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nolwenn Dubois
- Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Tumor Heterogeneity and Precision Medicine Laboratory, 44805 Saint-Herblain, France
| | - Javier Muñoz-Garcia
- Nantes Université, CNRS, US2B, UMR 6286, F-44322 Nantes, France; Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Tumor Heterogeneity and Precision Medicine Laboratory, 44805 Saint-Herblain, France
| | - Dominique Heymann
- Nantes Université, CNRS, US2B, UMR 6286, F-44322 Nantes, France; Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Tumor Heterogeneity and Precision Medicine Laboratory, 44805 Saint-Herblain, France; The University of Sheffield, Dept of Oncology and Metabolism, S102RX Sheffield, UK
| | - Axelle Renodon-Cornière
- Nantes Université, CNRS, US2B, UMR 6286, F-44322 Nantes, France; Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Tumor Heterogeneity and Precision Medicine Laboratory, 44805 Saint-Herblain, France.
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Wallam S, Abusamaan MS, Clarke W, Mathioudakis N. Factors Associated With Discordant A1C-Estimated and Measured Average Glucose Among Hospitalized Patients With Diabetes. Clin Diabetes 2023; 41:208-219. [PMID: 37092143 PMCID: PMC10115769 DOI: 10.2337/cd22-0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In this retrospective analysis, we explored the correlation between measured average glucose (mAG) and A1C-estimated average glucose (eAG) in hospitalized patients with diabetes and identified factors associated with discordant mAG and eAG at the transition from home to hospital. Having mAG lower than eAG was associated with Black race, other race, increasing length of stay, community hospital setting, surgery, fever, metformin use, certain inpatient diets, home antihyperglycemic treatment, and coded type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Having mAG higher than eAG was associated with certain discharge services (e.g., intensive care unit), higher BMI, hypertension, tachycardia, higher albumin, higher potassium, anemia, inpatient glucocorticoid use, and treatment with home insulin, secretagogues, and glucocorticoids. These factors should be considered when using patients' A1C as an indicator of outpatient glycemic control to determine the inpatient antihyperglycemic regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Wallam
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, & Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Mohammed S. Abusamaan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, & Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - William Clarke
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Nestoras Mathioudakis
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, & Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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Bicker A, Tatara AW, Solomon EJ, Ji CS. Evaluation of the safety of inpatient empagliflozin in a real-world setting. Proc AMIA Symp 2023; 36:693-698. [PMID: 37829225 PMCID: PMC10566410 DOI: 10.1080/08998280.2023.2248866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Empagliflozin is a sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor recommended by the American Diabetes Association for outpatient use. Support for its inpatient role is not well established due to possible safety concerns. Methods This was a retrospective study at an academic medical center between January 1, 2021, and December 31, 2021, evaluating the safety and efficacy of empagliflozin compared to other oral antihyperglycemic agents. Patients with established heart failure with or without diabetes were included if they received at least one dose of oral antihyperglycemic agent with 48 hours of fingerstick blood glucose checks during the hospitalization. A total of 227 patients were included. The primary endpoint was a composite of adverse events including urinary tract infection, acute kidney injury, diabetic ketoacidosis, renal replacement therapy, and necrotizing fasciitis. Additional endpoints included daily insulin requirements, hypoglycemia, and hypotension. Results Rates of composite adverse events were similar between the empagliflozin group and other oral antihyperglycemic agents (19.3% vs. 12.6% respectively, P = 0.17). There were no instances of renal replacement therapy, diabetic ketoacidosis, or necrotizing fasciitis. The secondary endpoint of basal insulin requirements showed no differences between the two groups. In the empagliflozin cohort, more patients experienced hypotension (23.4% vs. 7.8%; P < 0.01). Conclusion This real-world study of empagliflozin use in the inpatient setting found no significant differences in safety endpoints between empagliflozin and other oral antihyperglycemic agents. Larger-scale studies need to be performed before the use of empagliflozin can be routinely recommended in the inpatient setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Bicker
- Department of Pharmacy, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alexandra W. Tatara
- Department of Pharmacy, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Edmond J. Solomon
- Department of Pharmacy, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christine S. Ji
- Department of Pharmacy, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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19
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Xiong X, He Y, Zhou C, Zheng Q, Chen C, Liang P. Impact of total intravenous anesthesia and total inhalation anesthesia as the anesthesia maintenance approaches on blood glucose level and postoperative complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a double-blind, randomized controlled trial. BMC Anesthesiol 2023; 23:267. [PMID: 37559041 PMCID: PMC10410792 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-023-02199-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus is a prevalent metabolic disease in the world. Previous studies have shown that anesthetics can affect perioperative blood glucose levels which related to adverse clinical outcomes. Few studies have explored the choice of general anesthetic protocol on perioperative glucose metabolism in diabetes patients. We aimed to compare total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) with total inhalation anesthesia (TIHA) on blood glucose level and complications in type 2 diabetic patients undergoing general surgery. METHODS In this double-blind controlled trial, 116 type 2 diabetic patients scheduled for general surgery were randomly assigned to either the TIVA group or TIHA group (n = 56 and n = 60, respectively). The blood glucose level at different time points were measured and analyzed by the repeated-measures analysis of variance. The serum insulin and cortisol levels were measured and analyzed with t-test. The incidence of complications was followed up and analyzed with chi-square test or Fisher's exact test as appropriate. The risk factors for complications were analyzed using the logistic stepwise regression. RESULTS The blood glucose levels were higher in TIHA group than that in TIVA group at the time points of extubation, 1 and 2 h after the operation, 1 and 2 days after the operation, and were significantly higher at 1 day after the operation (10.4 ± 2.8 vs. 8.1 ± 2.1 mmol/L; P < 0.01). The postoperative insulin level was higher in TIVA group than that in TIHA group (8.9 ± 2.9 vs. 7.6 ± 2.4 IU/mL; P = 0.011). The postoperative cortisol level was higher in TIHA group than that in TIVA group (15.3 ± 4.8 vs. 12.2 ± 8.9 ug/dL ; P = 0.031). No significant difference regarding the incidence of complications between the two groups was found based on the current samples. Blood glucose level on postoperative day 1 was a risk factor for postoperative complications (OR: 1.779, 95%CI: 1.009 ~ 3.138). CONCLUSIONS TIVA has less impact on perioperative blood glucose level and a better inhibition of cortisol release in type 2 diabetic patients compared to TIHA. A future large trial may be conducted to find the difference of complications between the two groups. TRIAL REGISTRATION The protocol registered on the Chinese Clinical Trials Registry on 20/01/2020 (ChiCTR2000029247).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghui Xiong
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yong He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Qin Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Chan Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Peng Liang
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
- Day Surgery Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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20
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Spierling Bagsic SR, Fortmann AL, Belasco R, Bastian A, Lohnes S, Ritko A, Sandoval H, Chichmarenko M, Soriano EC, Talavera L, Philis-Tsimikas A. Real-Time Continuous Glucose Monitoring in the Hospital: A Real-World Experience. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2023; 17:656-666. [PMID: 37056168 PMCID: PMC10210125 DOI: 10.1177/19322968231165982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycemic control in the hospital setting is imperative for improving outcomes among patients with diabetes. Bedside point-of-care (POC) glucose monitoring has remained the gold standard for decades, while only providing momentary glimpses into a patient's glycemic control. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has been shown to improve glycemic control in the ambulatory setting. However, a paucity of inpatient experience and data remains a barrier to US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval and expanded/non-research use in the hospital setting. METHOD Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, the FDA exercised its enforcement discretion to not object to the use of CGM systems for the treatment of patients in hospital settings to support COVID-19 health care-related efforts to reduce viral exposure of health care workers. Following this announcement, Scripps Health, a large not-for-profit health care system in San Diego, California, implemented CGM as the new "standard of care" (CGM as SOC) for glucose monitoring and management in the hospital. RESULTS The present report serves to (1) detail the implementation procedures for employing this new SOC; (2) describe the patients receiving CGM as SOC, their glycemic control, and hospital outcomes; and (3) share lessons learned over two years and nearly 900 hospital encounters involving CGM. CONCLUSIONS Here, we conclude that CGM is feasible in the hospital setting by using a dedicated diabetes care team and the CGM technology with remote monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Addie L. Fortmann
- Scripps Whittier Diabetes Institute,
Scripps Health, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Rebekah Belasco
- Scripps Whittier Diabetes Institute,
Scripps Health, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Suzanne Lohnes
- Scripps Whittier Diabetes Institute,
Scripps Health, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Haley Sandoval
- Scripps Whittier Diabetes Institute,
Scripps Health, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Emily C. Soriano
- Scripps Whittier Diabetes Institute,
Scripps Health, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Laura Talavera
- Scripps Whittier Diabetes Institute,
Scripps Health, San Diego, CA, USA
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21
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Lalani B, Gosselin K, Penno R, Puryear B, Rilo H, Lalani A. A Retrospective Cohort Analysis of Two Computerized Insulin Infusion Protocols. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2023; 17:635-641. [PMID: 36946553 PMCID: PMC10210128 DOI: 10.1177/19322968231163584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The primary objective of this analysis was to compare the safety and efficacy of a novel computerized insulin infusion protocol (CIIP), the Lalani Insulin Infusion Protocol (LIIP), with an established CIIP, Glucommander. METHODS We conducted a 10-month retrospective analysis of 778 patients in whom LIIP was used (August 18, 2020 to June 25, 2021) at six HonorHealth Hospitals in the Phoenix metropolitan area. These data were compared with Glucommander that was used at those same hospitals from January 1, 2018 to August 17, 2020, n = 4700. Primary end points of the project included average time to euglycemia and average time in hyperglycemia (>180 mg/dL) and hypoglycemia (<70 mg/dL). Additional subgroup analysis was done to evaluate CIIP performance in patients in whom maintenance of euglycemia was more challenging. RESULTS The LIIP had a faster time to euglycemia (191 vs 222 minutes, P < .001) and similar time in hypoglycemia (2.79 vs 2.76 minutes, P = .50) for all patients, when compared with Glucommander. Similar observations were made for the following subgroups: diabetic ketoacidosis/hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (DKA/HHS) patients, COVID-19 patients, patients on steroids, patients with ≥60 glomerular filtration rate (GFR), patients with renal insufficiency, and patients with sepsis. CONCLUSIONS The LIIP is a safe and effective CIIP in managing intravenous insulin infusion rates. Utilization of LIIP resulted in reduced time to euglycemia, P < .001, when compared with Glucommander and did not cause increased hypoglycemia during the project period. Contributing factors to the success of LIIP may include improved clinical workflow, learnability and ease of use, compatibility with the Epic electronic health record (EHR), and its unique, dynamic and adaptive algorithm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Lalani
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD,
USA
- Pump Avenue Foundation, Scottsdale, AZ,
USA
| | - Kevin Gosselin
- HonorHealth Research Institute, Scottsdale,
AZ, USA
- AriTex, Chandler, AZ, USA
| | - Ruth Penno
- HonorHealth Hospitals, Scottsdale, AZ,
USA
| | | | - Horacio Rilo
- Advanced Biological Technologies, Long
Island, NY, USA
| | - Atul Lalani
- HonorHealth Hospitals, Scottsdale, AZ,
USA
- Endocrine Technologies, Scottsdale, AZ,
USA
- East Valley Endocrinology, Diabetes and
Metabolism, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
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22
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Crowley K, Scanaill PÓ, Hermanides J, Buggy DJ. Current practice in the perioperative management of patients with diabetes mellitus: a narrative review. Br J Anaesth 2023:S0007-0912(23)00128-9. [PMID: 37061429 PMCID: PMC10375498 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2023.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of diabetes is increasing, and patients with diabetes mellitus have both an increased likelihood of requiring surgery and of developing postoperative complications when they do. We summarise available evidence underpinning current guidelines on preoperative assessment and optimisation, perioperative management of prescribed insulin and oral hypoglycaemic medication, intraoperative glycaemic control, and postoperative patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieran Crowley
- Department of Anaesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Mater University Hospital, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Pádraig Ó Scanaill
- Department of Anaesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Mater University Hospital, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Donal J Buggy
- Department of Anaesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Mater University Hospital, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Outcomes Research Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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23
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Clausen JSR, Andersen JR, Priergaard M, Banke T, Kristiansen P, Hansen HF, Burcharth J, Gögenur I. Glycemic profile and quality of recovery after emergency abdominal surgery-A prospective explorative cohort study. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2023; 67:302-310. [PMID: 36534071 DOI: 10.1111/aas.14182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Associations between degrees of postoperative hyperglycemia and morbidity has previously been established. There may be an association between the glycemic profile and patient-reported recovery, and this may be a target for perioperative quality improvements. We aimed to investigate the association between metrics of the 30-day glycemic profile and patient-reported recovery in nondiabetic patients after major abdominal surgery. In a prospective, explorative cohort study, nondiabetic adult patients undergoing acute, major abdominal surgery were included within 24 h after surgery. Interstitial fluid glucose concentration was measured for 30 consecutive days with a continuous glucose measurement device. The validated questionnaire 'Quality of Recovery-15' was used to assess patient-reported quality of recovery on postoperative days 10, 20, and 30. Follow-up time was divided into five-day postoperative intervals using days 26-30 as a reference. Linear mixed models were applied to investigate temporal changes in mean p-glucose, coefficient of variation, time within 70-140 mg/dl, and time above 200 mg/dl in relation to patient-reported recovery. Twenty-seven patients completed the study per protocol. A hyperglycemic event (>200 mg/dl) occurred in 18 of 27 patients (67%) within the first three postoperative days. Compared to the reference period, the coefficient of variation was significantly increased during all time intervals, indicating prolonged postoperative insulin resistance. During 30 days of follow-up, patient-reported recovery was associated with the coefficient of variation measured for 3 and 5 days before the corresponding recovery score assessment (recovery score estimate -1.52 [p < .001] and -0.92 [p = .006], respectively). We did not find an association between the remaining metrics and patient-reported recovery. Alterations in the glycemic profile are frequent and prolonged during the first postoperative month after major surgery probably due to peripheral insulin resistance. Our findings indicate that high-glycemic variation is associated with poorer patient-reported recovery and might represent a proxy for care improvements in the postoperative period.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jens R Andersen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mie Priergaard
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Trine Banke
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Puk Kristiansen
- Department of Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark
| | - Hannah F Hansen
- Department of Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark
| | - Jakob Burcharth
- Department of Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark
| | - Ismail Gögenur
- Department of Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark
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24
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Kyi M, Colman P, Gonzalez V, Hall C, Cheuk N, Fourlanos S. Early intervention model of inpatient diabetes care improves glycemia following hospitalization. J Hosp Med 2023; 18:337-341. [PMID: 36739111 DOI: 10.1002/jhm.13057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Admission to hospital provides an opportunity to optimize long-term diabetes management, but clinical inertia is common. We previously reported the randomized study of a proactive inpatient diabetes service (RAPIDS), investigating an early intervention model of care and demonstrated improved in-hospital glycemia and clinical outcomes. This follow-up study assessed whether proactive care in hospital improved postdischarge HbA1c. In a subgroup of 298 RAPIDS trial participants with type 2 diabetes, age <80 years, and admission HbA1c ≥ 7.0%, diabetes treatment intensification occurred more often in early intervention versus usual care groups (37% vs. 19% [p = .001]), adjusted odds ratio 3.2 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.7-6.0). There was a greater change in HbA1c in the early intervention group (mean -0.9% [95% CI -1.3 to -0.4]) versus the usual care group (-0.3% [-0.6 to -0.1]), p = .029. The value of acute care by dedicated inpatient diabetes teams can extend beyond improving inpatient clinical outcomes and can lead to sustained improvement in glycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mervyn Kyi
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine at Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Northern Health Epping, Epping, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter Colman
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vicky Gonzalez
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Candice Hall
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nathan Cheuk
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Spiros Fourlanos
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine at Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Centre for Accelerating Diabetes Innovations (ACADI), The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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25
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Mader JK, Brix JM, Aberer F, Vonbank A, Resl M, Hochfellner DA, Ress C, Pieber TR, Stechemesser L, Sourij H. [Hospital diabetes management (Update 2023)]. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2023; 135:242-255. [PMID: 37101046 PMCID: PMC10133359 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-023-02177-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
This position statement presents the recommendations of the Austrian Diabetes Association for diabetes management of adult patients during inpatient stay. It is based on the current evidence with respect to blood glucose targets, insulin therapy and treatment with oral/injectable antidiabetic drugs during inpatient hospitalization. Additionally, special circumstances such as intravenous insulin therapy, concomitant therapy with glucocorticoids and use of diabetes technology during hospitalization are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia K Mader
- Klinische Abteilung für Endokrinologie und Diabetologie, Universitätsklinik für Innere Medizin, Medizinische Universität Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036, Graz, Österreich.
| | - Johanna M Brix
- Medizinische Abteilung mit Diabetologie, Endokrinologie und Nephrologie, Klinik Landstraße, Wien, Österreich
| | - Felix Aberer
- Klinische Abteilung für Endokrinologie und Diabetologie, Universitätsklinik für Innere Medizin, Medizinische Universität Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036, Graz, Österreich
| | - Alexander Vonbank
- Innere Medizin I mit Kardiologie, Angiologie, Endokrinologie, Diabetologie und Intensivmedizin, Akademisches Lehrkrankenhaus Feldkirch, Feldkirch, Österreich
| | - Michael Resl
- Abteilung für Innere Medizin, Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz, Linz, Österreich
| | - Daniel A Hochfellner
- Klinische Abteilung für Endokrinologie und Diabetologie, Universitätsklinik für Innere Medizin, Medizinische Universität Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036, Graz, Österreich
| | - Claudia Ress
- Innere Medizin, Department I, Medizinische Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Österreich
| | - Thomas R Pieber
- Klinische Abteilung für Endokrinologie und Diabetologie, Universitätsklinik für Innere Medizin, Medizinische Universität Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036, Graz, Österreich
| | - Lars Stechemesser
- Universitätsklinik für Innere Medizin I, Paracelsus Medizinische Privatuniversität - Landeskrankenhaus, Salzburg, Österreich
| | - Harald Sourij
- Klinische Abteilung für Endokrinologie und Diabetologie, Universitätsklinik für Innere Medizin, Medizinische Universität Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036, Graz, Österreich
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26
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Lee DH, Lee BK, Cho YS, Jung YH, Lee HY, Jeung KW, Youn CS, Kim SH. Association between insulin administration method and six-month neurological outcome in survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest who underwent targeted temperature management. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0279776. [PMID: 36584121 PMCID: PMC9803235 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the association of insulin administration method with the achievement of mean glucose ≤ 180 mg/dL and neurological outcomes in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) survivors who had hyperglycemia after the return of spontaneous circulation. From a multicenter prospective registry, we extracted the data of adult OHCA survivors who underwent targeted temperature management (TTM) between 2015 and 2018. Blood glucose levels every 4 h after initiating TTM were obtained for 72 h. We divided insulin administration methods into three categories: subcutaneous (SQI), intravenous bolus (IBI), and continuous intravenous (CII). We calculated the mean glucose and standard deviation (SD) of glucose. The primary outcome was the achievement of mean glucose ≤ 180 mg/dL. The secondary outcomes were the 6-month neurological outcome based on the Cerebral Performance Category (CPC) scale (good, CPC 1-2; poor, CPC 3-5), mean glucose, and SD of glucose. Of the 549 patients, 296 (53.9%) achieved mean glucose ≤ 180 mg/dL, and 438 (79.8%) had poor neurological outcomes, 134 (24.4%), 132 (24.0), and 283 (51.5%) were in the SQI, IBI, and CII groups, respectively. The SQI (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.848; 95% confidence intervals [CIs], 0.493-1.461) and IBI (aOR, 0.673; 95% CIs, 0.415-1.091) groups were not associated with mean glucose ≤ 180 mg/dL and the SQI (aOR, 0.660; 95% CIs, 0.335-1.301) and IBI (aOR, 1.757; 95% CIs, 0.867-3.560) groups were not associated with poor neurological outcomes compared to the CII group. The CII (168 mg/dL [147-202]) group had the lowest mean glucose than the SQI (181 mg/dL [156-218]) and IBI (184 mg/dL [162-216]) groups. The CII (45.0[33.9-63.5]) group had a lower SD of glucose than the IBI (50.8 [39.1-72.0]) group. The insulin administration method was not associated with achieving mean glucose ≤ 180 mg/dL and 6-month neurological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hun Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Kook Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
| | - Yong Soo Cho
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Hun Jung
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung Youn Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- Trauma center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Woon Jeung
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Chun Song Youn
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Hyun Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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27
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Alshaer A, Badgheish BA, Alsadah ZH, Sewify K, Alghazal S, Alzahrani S, Qadi A, Alqahtani R, Farsani GA, Shilash A. Comparing the accuracy of point-of-care with laboratory (capillary, venous, and arterial) blood glucose levels in critically ill patients with and without shock. BMC Res Notes 2022; 15:372. [PMID: 36528779 PMCID: PMC9758800 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-022-06256-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the accuracy of point-of-care capillary and venous/arterial samples to laboratory testing of venous/arterial samples in critically sick shocked and non-shocked patients. This is a prospective case-control study including capillary, venous, and arterial blood samples from 268 critically ill patients. The King Fahd Military Medical Complex in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, was the site of this investigation. RESULTS We were able to obtain data on 268 patients for this investigation. POCT and lab findings of venous and central blood did not differ significantly (P = 0.389 and 0.208), while POCT indicated somewhat higher results with venous glucose concentrations of 10.18 and 10.05 (POCT and lab tests respectively) and 9.18 and 9.54 (POCT and lab tests respectively). In addition, the mean differences between POC and laboratory analyses of venous, arterial, and central glucose were 0.13, - 1.75, and - 0.36 mmol/L for venous, arterial, and central glucose, respectively. Except for arterial blood glucose, we did not observe a significant difference between POCT and routine laboratory analysis of glucose concentrations in critically ill patients. Compared to laboratory blood analysis, the use of POCT is marginally accurate, with no difference between shocked and non-shocked patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz Alshaer
- grid.415298.30000 0004 0573 8549King Fahd Military Medical Complex, Abqaia Road, Dhahran, 31932 Saudi Arabia
| | - Basma A. Badgheish
- grid.415298.30000 0004 0573 8549King Fahd Military Medical Complex, Abqaia Road, Dhahran, 31932 Saudi Arabia
| | - Zahra Hashim Alsadah
- grid.415298.30000 0004 0573 8549King Fahd Military Medical Complex, Abqaia Road, Dhahran, 31932 Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Sewify
- grid.415298.30000 0004 0573 8549King Fahd Military Medical Complex, Abqaia Road, Dhahran, 31932 Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah Alghazal
- grid.415298.30000 0004 0573 8549Surgical Intensive Care Unit, King Fahd Military Medical Complex, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah Alzahrani
- grid.415298.30000 0004 0573 8549Critical Care Unit, King Fahd Military Medical Complex, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer Qadi
- grid.415298.30000 0004 0573 8549Laboratory Medicine, King Fahd Military Medical Complex, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reham Alqahtani
- grid.415298.30000 0004 0573 8549Intensive Care Unit, King Fahd Military Medical Complex, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghadeer Abdullah Farsani
- grid.415298.30000 0004 0573 8549King Fahd Military Medical Complex, Abqaia Road, Dhahran, 31932 Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal Shilash
- grid.415298.30000 0004 0573 8549King Fahd Military Medical Complex, Abqaia Road, Dhahran, 31932 Saudi Arabia
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Kanbour S, Yenokyan G, Snyder RA, Abusamaan MS, Mathioudakis N. Glycemic Outcomes of Hospitalized Patients on Ambulatory Humulin-R U-500 Insulin. Endocr Pract 2022; 28:1232-1236. [PMID: 36183992 PMCID: PMC10628779 DOI: 10.1016/j.eprac.2022.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Managing hospitalized patients on ambulatory U-500 insulin is challenging because of limited guidance on how to safely adjust insulin doses during admission. We sought to evaluate glycemic outcomes in relation to inpatient insulin doses in patients receiving U-500 prior to hospitalization. METHODS Retrospective study of hospitalized patients on ambulatory U-500 seen consecutively from January 2015 to December 2019. Primary outcomes were inpatient hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, and normoglycemia at different insulin dosages expressed as weight-based (unit/kg/d) inpatient total daily dose (TDD) and ratio of inpatient to outpatient TDD. RESULTS We identified 66 admissions of 46 unique patients. The median (interquartile range) body mass index was 41.0 kg/m2 (35.1, 46.8), home TDD 212 units (120, 300), and home insulin dose 1.6 units/kg/d (1.1, 2.2). The median (interquartile range) inpatient insulin dose was 0.7 unit/kg/d (0.3, 1.0) and the ratio of inpatient to outpatient TDD was 0.4 (0.2, 0.8). Hyperglycemia persisted throughout the hospitalization. For the outcomes of hyperglycemia and normoglycemia, we found no association between increased levels of insulin dosages. For the outcome of hypoglycemia, significantly higher odds were observed when non-fasting patients received an inpatient TDD that was either > 40% of their home TDD or > 0.6 unit/kg/d of insulin. CONCLUSION Patients on ambulatory U-500 have significant hyperglycemia during admission. Inpatient insulin doses of 40% of home TDD or ≤ 0.6 unit/kg were not associated with increased hypoglycemia risk. Further prospective studies are needed to determine effective doses in these high-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Kanbour
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, & Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Gayane Yenokyan
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Rhett A Snyder
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, & Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mohammed S Abusamaan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, & Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Nestoras Mathioudakis
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, & Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
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Cengiz E, Danne T, Ahmad T, Ayyavoo A, Beran D, Ehtisham S, Fairchild J, Jarosz-Chobot P, Ng SM, Paterson M, Codner E. ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2022: Insulin treatment in children and adolescents with diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes 2022; 23:1277-1296. [PMID: 36537533 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.13442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eda Cengiz
- University of California San Francisco (UCSF) Pediatric Diabetes Program, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Thomas Danne
- Auf Der Bult, Diabetes Center for Children and Adolescents, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tariq Ahmad
- Pediatric Endocrinology, UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, Oakland, California, USA
| | - Ahila Ayyavoo
- Department of Pediatrics, G. Kuppuswamy Naidu Memorial Hospital, Coimbatore, India
| | - David Beran
- Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Geneva and Geneva University Hospitals, Faculty of Medicine Diabetes Centre, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Ehtisham
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Mediclinic City Hospital, Dubai, UAE
| | - Jan Fairchild
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Sze May Ng
- Paediatric Department, Southport and Ormskirk NHS Trust, Southport, UK.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Megan Paterson
- John Hunter Children's Hospital, HRMC, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ethel Codner
- Institute of Maternal and Child Research (IDIMI), School of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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30
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Elgendy H, Iqbal M, Youssef T, Alzahrani A, Rugaan A. Optimizing risk factors influence Intensive Care stay after Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy? An observational cohort study. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2022; 33:100653. [PMID: 36327575 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2022.100653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It may be necessary to admit patients receiving Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy (HIPEC) to the intensive care unit (ICU). They were required to evaluate the length of ICU stay (LOS) following HIPEC, as well as their survival rates and risk factors that influence LOS. METHODS 74 HIPEC patients were observed after being admitted to the ICU. Their assignments were made based on their LOS at the ICU. Short stay group, patients who stayed in the ICU for three days or less (S-group) and patients who stayed for three days or longer (L-group). RESULTS Survival rates for both groups were comparable. After HIPEC, they exhibited intraoperative hypotension (P = 0.015), hyopthermia (P = 0.014), and hyperglycemia (P = 0.010). Additionally, patients in group L underwent longer surgeries (P = 0.013), lost more blood (P = 0.043), and required more transfusions (P = 0.001). Subjects in group-L had higher SOFA, fentanyl, and vasopressor requirements (all P 0.001), higher ALT and AST levels, disrupted K, lower Na, and higher INR levels (all P 0.001), as well as a higher APACHE II score (P = 0.007). Preoperative BUN had an independent risk factor for LOS of 0.861; (95% CI), (0.742- 0.999); P = 0.048; and crystalloid transfusion had an independent risk factor of 1.000; (95% CI), (0.999- 1.000); P = 0.003. CONCLUSIONS Transfusions of crystalloids and BUN were independent risk factors for extended LOS. ICU LOS had no impact on survival. All measures should be taken to control hemostasis in vulnerable HIPEC participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Elgendy
- Department of Anaesthesia, Assiut University Hospitals, Egypt; Department of Anaesthesia, Al Wakrah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Masood Iqbal
- Dept. Critical Care Medicine, King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Talha Youssef
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology, king Abdul-Aziz Medical City - Ministry of National Guard, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Asia Rugaan
- Dept. Critical Care Medicine, King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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31
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Longo RR, Elias H, Khan M, Seley JJ. Use and Accuracy of Inpatient CGM During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Observational Study of General Medicine and ICU Patients. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2022; 16:1136-1143. [PMID: 33971753 PMCID: PMC9445343 DOI: 10.1177/19322968211008446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is widely used in the outpatient setting for people with diabetes and has been limited to investigational use only for the inpatient population. In April 2020, the US FDA exercised enforcement discretion for the temporary use of inpatient CGM during the pandemic, thus hospitals were presented the opportunity to implement this technology. METHODS We sought to investigate the accuracy of CGM in hospitalized patients on general care floors and the intensive care unit (ICU) in attempts to decrease healthcare professional exposure to COVID-19 and ultimately improve glycemic management of patients affected by COVID-19. Point of care (POC) and laboratory (Lab) glucose values were matched with simultaneous CGM glucose values and measures of accuracy were performed to evaluate the safety and usability of CGM in this population. Our data are presented drawing a distinction between POC and Lab as reference glucose sources. RESULTS In 808 paired samples obtained from 28 patients (10 ICU, 18 general floor), overall mean absolute relative difference (MARD) for all patients using either POC or Lab as reference was 13.2%. When using POC as the reference glucose MARD was 13.9% and using Lab glucose as reference 10.9%. Using both POC and Lab reference glucose pairs the overall MARD for critical care patients was 12.1% and for general floor patients 14%. CONCLUSION We determined, with proper protocols and safeguards in place, use of CGM in the hospitalized patient is a reasonable alternative to standard of care to achieve the goal of reducing healthcare professional exposure. Further study is necessary to validate safety, accuracy, and efficacy of this technology. Investigation and analysis are necessary for the development of protocols to utilize CGM trend arrows, alerts, and alarms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Rick Longo
- Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington, MA, USA
- Rebecca Rick Longo, ACNP-BC, MSN, CDCES, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, 41 Mall Road, Burlington, MA 01805, USA.
| | - Heather Elias
- Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington, MA, USA
| | - Mehvish Khan
- Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington, MA, USA
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32
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Buschur EO, Faulds E, Dungan K. CGM in the Hospital: Is It Ready for Prime Time? Curr Diab Rep 2022; 22:451-460. [PMID: 35796882 PMCID: PMC9261155 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-022-01484-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The use of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in the hospital setting is growing with more patients using these devices at home and when admitted to the hospital, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. RECENT FINDINGS Historically, most evidence for CGM use in the inpatient setting was limited to small studies utilizing outdated CGM technology and analyzing accuracy of sensor measurements. Previous studies have shown reduced sensor accuracy during extreme hypo- or hyperglycemia, rapid fluctuations of glucose, compression of the sensor itself, and in those who are critically ill. Studies that are more recent have shown CGM to have adequate accuracy and may be effective in reducing hypoglycemia in hospitalized patients; some studies have also showed improvement in time in target glycemic range. Furthermore, CGM may reduce nursing workload, cost of inpatient care, and use of personal protective equipment and face-to-face patient care especially for patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. This review will describe the evidence for use of CGM in hospitalized critically ill or non-critically ill patients, address accuracy and safety considerations, and outline paths for future implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth O. Buschur
- grid.261331.40000 0001 2285 7943Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, 5th Floor McCampbell Hall, 1581 Dodd Drive, Columbus, OH 43210-1296 USA
| | - Eileen Faulds
- grid.261331.40000 0001 2285 7943Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, 5th Floor McCampbell Hall, 1581 Dodd Drive, Columbus, OH 43210-1296 USA
- grid.261331.40000 0001 2285 7943The Ohio State University College of Nursing, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Kathleen Dungan
- grid.261331.40000 0001 2285 7943Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, 5th Floor McCampbell Hall, 1581 Dodd Drive, Columbus, OH 43210-1296 USA
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Cătălin Popescu R, Leopa N, Dumitru E, Mitroi A, Tocia C, Dumitru A, Brînzan C, Botea F. Influence of type II diabetes mellitus on postoperative complications following colorectal cancer surgery. Exp Ther Med 2022; 24:611. [PMID: 36160911 PMCID: PMC9469087 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) promotes colorectal cancer (CRC) carcinogenesis through complex processes and is considered as an independent risk factor for cancer in general and for CRC in particular. Diabetic patients have complications in the postoperative period following CRC surgery. The aim of the present study was to explore the effect of type II DM (T2DM) on postoperative outcomes for CRC compared with non-diabetic patients. The present study analyzed the data from patients admitted to the General Surgery Department, Emergency Hospital of Constanța (Romania) diagnosed with CRC and DM compared with a control group (patients with CRC, without DM, recruited in the same period and frequency matched to cases by number, sex and age) analyzing patient comorbidities and postoperative complications. A total of 61 patients had undergone surgery for CRC and met the inclusion criteria in the present study conducted during September 2020-2021. A total of 30 patients associated T2DM. Diabetic patients have been associated with more comorbidities than non-diabetics; the age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity index score ≥6 was identified in 90% of diabetic patients compared with 45.2% of controls. Grade III Clavien-Dindo classification was observed in 13.3% diabetic patients compared with 3.2% of non-diabetic patients. Additionally, a higher rate of urinary and pulmonary complications (6.7 vs. 3.2% in controls respectively) in patients with diabetes was found. Postoperative hospitalization was prolonged in diabetic patients (P=0.042). Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that the laparoscopic approach for diabetic patients was found to be associated with <grade III Clavien-Dindo classification (P=0.040) and the absence of surgical site infection (P=0.040). Diabetes predisposes patients to numerous postoperative complications following CRC surgery and postoperative therapeutic conduct must be personalized to prevent possible postoperative complications following CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Răzvan Cătălin Popescu
- Department of General Surgery, Emergency Hospital of Constanța, 900591 Constanța, Romania
| | - Nicoleta Leopa
- Department of General Surgery, Emergency Hospital of Constanța, 900591 Constanța, Romania
| | - Eugen Dumitru
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy Constanta, Ovidius University, 900470 Constanța, Romania
| | - Anca Mitroi
- Department of Pathology, Emergency Hospital of Constanța, 900591 Constanța, Romania
| | - Cristina Tocia
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy Constanta, Ovidius University, 900470 Constanța, Romania
| | - Andrei Dumitru
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy Constanta, Ovidius University, 900470 Constanța, Romania
| | - Costel Brînzan
- Department of Pathology, Emergency Hospital of Constanța, 900591 Constanța, Romania
| | - Florin Botea
- Dan Setlacec Center of General Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
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Blood glucose monitoring during hospitalisation: Advanced practice nurse and semi-automated insulin prescription tools. ENDOCRINOLOGIA, DIABETES Y NUTRICION 2022; 69:500-508. [PMID: 36038498 DOI: 10.1016/j.endien.2022.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hyperglycemia is very common in hospitalized patients and is associated with worse clinical outcomes. AIMS We implemented a clinical and educational program to improve the overall glycemic control during hospital admission, and, in patients with HbA1c > 8%, to improve their metabolic control after hospital admission. METHODS Non-critical patients admitted to cardiovascular areas between October-2017 and February-2019. The program was led by an advanced nurse practitioner (ANP) and included a semiautomated insulin prescription tool. Program in 3 phases: 1) observation of routine practice, 2) implementation, and 3) follow-up after discharge. RESULTS During the implementation phase the availability of HbA1c increased from 42 to 81%, and the ANP directly intervened in 73/685 patients (11%), facilitating treatment progression at discharge in 48% (de novo insulin in 36%). One-year after discharge, HbA1c in patients who were admitted during the observation phase with HbA1c > 8% (n = 101) was higher than similar patients admitted during implementation phase (8,6 ± 1,5 vs. 7,3 ± 1,2%, respectively, p < 0,001). We evaluated 47710 point of care capillary blood glucose (POC-glucose) in two 9 months periods (one before, one during the program) in cardiology and cardiovascular surgery wards. POC-glucose ≥250 mg/dl (pre vs. during: cardiology 10,7 vs. 8,4%, and surgery 7,4 vs. 4,5%, both p < 0,05) and <70 mg/dl (2,3 vs. 0,8% y 1,5 vs 1%, p < 0,05), respectively, improved during the program. CONCLUSIONS The program allowed improving inpatient glycemic control, detect patients with poor glycemic control, and optimize metabolic control 1-year after discharge.
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35
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Control de la glucemia durante la hospitalización: Enfermera de práctica avanzada y herramientas semiautomáticas de prescripción de insulina. ENDOCRINOL DIAB NUTR 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.endinu.2021.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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36
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Toyoshima MTK, Cukier P, Souza ABCD, Pereira J, Hoff AO, Nery M. Effects of glucocorticoids on interstitial glucose concentrations in individuals with hematologic cancer and without known diagnosis of diabetes: a pilot study. EINSTEIN-SAO PAULO 2022; 20:eAO8031. [PMID: 35830152 PMCID: PMC9262279 DOI: 10.31744/einstein_journal/2022ao8031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To analyze interstitial glucose behavior during glucocorticoid use in non-diabetic patients receiving chemotherapy for hematologic malignancies. Methods Prospective pilot study carried out to assess interstitial glucose levels in 15 non-diabetic individuals with hematologic malignancies who received glucocorticoids in combination with chemotherapy. The FreeStyle Libre flash monitoring system (Abbott Diabetes Care) was used for up to 14 days to measure interstitial glucose. Results Median age and body mass index were 53 (42-61) years and 25 (23-28) kg/m2 respectively. Interstitial glucose levels >180mg/dL lasting at least one hour were detected in 60% of participants. Interstitial glucose profile parameters (median and peak interstitial glucose levels and percentage of time during which interstitial glucose levels were >180mg/dL) were significantly (p<0.01) higher during glucocorticoid use (115mg/dL, 218mg/dL and 10% respectively) than after glucocorticoid discontinuation (97mg/dL, 137mg/dL and 0% respectively). Mean interstitial glucose levels increased in the afternoon and at night during glucocorticoid use. Conclusion This pilot study was the first to evaluate interstitial glucose levels in non-diabetic individuals using glucocorticoids in treatment of hematologic cancer. Glucocorticoid use during chemotherapy significantly increases interstitial glucose levels in these patients.
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Wang X, Cheng FTF, Lam TYT, Liu Y, Huang D, Liu X, Chen H, Zhang L, Ali Y, Wang MHT, Yu J, Gin T, Chan MTV, Wu WKK, Wong SH. Stress Hyperglycemia Is Associated With an Increased Risk of Subsequent Development of Diabetes Among Bacteremic and Nonbacteremic Patients. Diabetes Care 2022; 45:1438-1444. [PMID: 35275995 DOI: 10.2337/dc21-1682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Stress hyperglycemia is associated with an increased risk of diabetes among survivors of critical illness. We investigated whether patients without diabetes hospitalized for bacteremia or nonbacteremic diseases with transient stress hyperglycemia would have a higher risk of subsequent diabetes development compared with those who remained normoglycemic. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This retrospective observational study was conducted on 224,534 in-patients with blood culture records. Stress hyperglycemia was defined based on the highest random glucose level ≥7.8 mmol/L during the index admission period. Diagnosis of diabetes, as the primary end point of interest, was defined based on diagnostic codes, blood test results, or medication records. Differences in cumulative incidence and hazard ratios (HRs) of diabetes between groups were assessed using the Kaplan-Meier estimator and Cox regression. RESULTS After exclusion of patients with preexisting or undiagnosed diabetes or indeterminate diabetes status and propensity score matching, bacteremic patients with stress hyperglycemia had a significantly higher cumulative incidence of diabetes (HR 1.7, 95% CI 1.2-2.4) compared with those who remained normoglycemic. Stress hyperglycemia was further confirmed to be a diabetes predictor independent of age, sex, comorbidity, and other serological markers. For the nonbacteremic patients, stress hyperglycemia was similarly associated with a higher cumulative incidence of diabetes (HR 1.4, 95% CI 1.2-1.7). CONCLUSIONS Hospitalized patients with transient stress hyperglycemia had a higher risk of subsequent diabetes development compared with their normoglycemic counterparts. Recognition of an increased risk of diabetes in these patients can allow early detection and monitoring in their subsequent follow-ups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiansong Wang
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Frankie T F Cheng
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Thomas Y T Lam
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Yingzhi Liu
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Dan Huang
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Huarong Chen
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Yusuf Ali
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Maggie H T Wang
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tony Gin
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Matthew T V Chan
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - William K K Wu
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sunny H Wong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.,State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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Lim Y, Ohn JH, Jeong J, Ryu J, Kim SW, Cho JH, Park HS, Kim HW, Lee J, Kim ES, Kim NH, Jo YH, Jang HC. Effect of the Concomitant Use of Subcutaneous Basal Insulin and Intravenous Insulin Infusion in the Treatment of Severe Hyperglycemic Patients. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2022; 37:444-454. [PMID: 35654578 PMCID: PMC9262694 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2021.1341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGRUOUND No consensus exists regarding the early use of subcutaneous (SC) basal insulin facilitating the transition from continuous intravenous insulin infusion (CIII) to multiple SC insulin injections in patients with severe hyperglycemia other than diabetic ketoacidosis. This study evaluated the effect of early co-administration of SC basal insulin with CIII on glucose control in patients with severe hyperglycemia. METHODS Patients who received CIII for the management of severe hyperglycemia were divided into two groups: the early basal insulin group (n=86) if they received the first SC basal insulin 0.25 U/kg body weight within 24 hours of CIII initiation and ≥4 hours before discontinuation, and the delayed basal insulin group (n=79) if they were not classified as the early basal insulin group. Rebound hyperglycemia was defined as blood glucose level of >250 mg/dL in 24 hours following CIII discontinuation. Propensity score matching (PSM) methods were additionally employed for adjusting the confounding factors (n=108). RESULTS The rebound hyperglycemia incidence was significantly lower in the early basal insulin group than in the delayed basal insulin group (54.7% vs. 86.1%), despite using PSM methods (51.9%, 85.2%). The length of hospital stay was shorter in the early basal insulin group than in the delayed basal insulin group (8.5 days vs. 9.6 days, P=0.027). The hypoglycemia incidence did not differ between the groups. CONCLUSION Early co-administration of basal insulin with CIII prevents rebound hyperglycemia and shorten hospital stay without increasing the hypoglycemic events in patients with severe hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yejee Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- Hospital Medicine Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jung Hun Ohn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- Hospital Medicine Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Joo Jeong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jiwon Ryu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- Hospital Medicine Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Sun-wook Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- Hospital Medicine Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jae Ho Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- Hospital Medicine Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hee-Sun Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- Hospital Medicine Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hye Won Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- Hospital Medicine Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jongchan Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- Hospital Medicine Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Eun Sun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- Hospital Medicine Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Nak-Hyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- Hospital Medicine Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - You Hwan Jo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hak Chul Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- Hospital Medicine Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- Corresponding author: Hak Chul Jang Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82 Gumi-ro 173beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 13620, Korea Tel: +82-31-787-7005, Fax: +82-31-787-4290, E-mail:
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Batule S, Ramos A, Pérez-Montes de Oca A, Fuentes N, Martínez S, Raga J, Pena X, Tural C, Muñoz P, Soldevila B, Alonso N, Umpierrez G, Puig-Domingo M. Comparison of Glycemic Variability and Hypoglycemic Events in Hospitalized Older Adults Treated with Basal Insulin plus Vildagliptin and Basal-Bolus Insulin Regimen: A Prospective Randomized Study. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11102813. [PMID: 35628938 PMCID: PMC9143484 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11102813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The basal−bolus insulin regimen is recommended in hospitalized patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), but has an increased risk of hypoglycemia. We aimed to compare dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (DPP4-i) and basal−bolus insulin glycemic outcomes in hospitalized type 2 DM patients. Methods and patients: Our prospective randomized study included 102 elderly T2DM patients (82 ± 9 years, HbA1c 6.6% ± 1.9). Glycemic control: A variability coefficient assessed by continuous glucose monitoring (Free Style® sensor), mean insulin dose and hypoglycemia rates obtained with the two treatments were analyzed. Results: No differences were found between groups in glycemic control (mean daily glycemia during the first 10 days: 152.6 ± 38.5 vs. 154.2 ± 26.3 mg/dL; p = 0.8). The total doses Kg/day were 0.40 vs. 0.20, respectively (p < 0.001). A lower number of hypoglycemic events (9% vs. 15%; p < 0.04) and lower glycemic coefficient of variation (22% vs. 28%; p < 0.0002) were observed in the basal−DPP4-i compared to the basal−bolus regimen group. Conclusions: Treatment of inpatient hyperglycemia with basal insulin plus DPP4-i is an effective and safe regimen in old subjects with T2DM, with a similar mean daily glucose concentration, but lower glycemic variability and fewer hypoglycemic episodes compared to the basal bolus insulin regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sol Batule
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (S.B.); (A.R.); (A.P.-M.d.O.); (N.F.); (S.M.); (B.S.); (N.A.)
| | - Analía Ramos
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (S.B.); (A.R.); (A.P.-M.d.O.); (N.F.); (S.M.); (B.S.); (N.A.)
| | - Alejandra Pérez-Montes de Oca
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (S.B.); (A.R.); (A.P.-M.d.O.); (N.F.); (S.M.); (B.S.); (N.A.)
| | - Natalia Fuentes
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (S.B.); (A.R.); (A.P.-M.d.O.); (N.F.); (S.M.); (B.S.); (N.A.)
| | - Santiago Martínez
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (S.B.); (A.R.); (A.P.-M.d.O.); (N.F.); (S.M.); (B.S.); (N.A.)
| | - Joan Raga
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (J.R.); (X.P.); (C.T.); (P.M.)
| | - Xoel Pena
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (J.R.); (X.P.); (C.T.); (P.M.)
| | - Cristina Tural
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (J.R.); (X.P.); (C.T.); (P.M.)
| | - Pilar Muñoz
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (J.R.); (X.P.); (C.T.); (P.M.)
| | - Berta Soldevila
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (S.B.); (A.R.); (A.P.-M.d.O.); (N.F.); (S.M.); (B.S.); (N.A.)
| | - Nuria Alonso
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (S.B.); (A.R.); (A.P.-M.d.O.); (N.F.); (S.M.); (B.S.); (N.A.)
| | | | - Manel Puig-Domingo
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (S.B.); (A.R.); (A.P.-M.d.O.); (N.F.); (S.M.); (B.S.); (N.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-93-497-88-60
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Witte H, Nakas CT, Bally L, Leichtle AB. Machine-learning Prediction of Hypo- and Hyperglycemia from Electronic Health Records: Algorithm Development and Validation. JMIR Form Res 2022; 6:e36176. [PMID: 35526139 PMCID: PMC9345028 DOI: 10.2196/36176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acute blood glucose (BG) decompensations (hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia) represent a frequent and significant risk for inpatients and adversely affect patient outcomes and safety. The increasing need for BG management in inpatients poses a high demand on clinical staff and health care systems in addition. Objective This study aimed to generate a broadly applicable multiclass classification model for predicting BG decompensation events from patients’ electronic health records to indicate where adjustments in patient monitoring and therapeutic interventions are required. This should allow for taking proactive measures before BG levels are derailed. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted on patients who were hospitalized at a tertiary hospital in Bern, Switzerland. Using patient details and routine data from electronic health records, a multiclass prediction model for BG decompensation events (<3.9 mmol/L [hypoglycemia] or >10, >13.9, or >16.7 mmol/L [representing different degrees of hyperglycemia]) was generated based on a second-level ensemble of gradient-boosted binary trees. Results A total of 63,579 hospital admissions of 38,250 patients were included in this study. The multiclass prediction model reached specificities of 93.7%, 98.9%, and 93.9% and sensitivities of 67.1%, 59%, and 63.6% for the main categories of interest, which were nondecompensated cases, hypoglycemia, or hyperglycemia, respectively. The median prediction horizon was 7 hours and 4 hours for hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia, respectively. Conclusions Electronic health records have the potential to reliably predict all types of BG decompensation. Readily available patient details and routine laboratory data can support the decisions for proactive interventions and thus help to reduce the detrimental health effects of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Witte
- University Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Inselspital - Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 10, Bern, CH
| | - Christos Theodoros Nakas
- University Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Inselspital - Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 10, Bern, CH.,Laboratory of Biometry, University of Thessaly, Volos, GR
| | - Lia Bally
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, Nutritional Medicine and Metabolism, Inselspital - Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, CH
| | - Alexander Benedikt Leichtle
- University Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Inselspital - Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 10, Bern, CH.,Center of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (CAIM), University of Bern, Bern, CH
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Diabetes mellitus, glycaemic control and severe COVID-19 in the Australian Critical Care Setting – a nested cohort study. Aust Crit Care 2022:S1036-7314(22)00066-2. [PMID: 35820985 PMCID: PMC9125138 DOI: 10.1016/j.aucc.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Internationally, diabetes mellitus is recognised as a risk factor for severe COVID-19. The relationship between diabetes mellitus and severe COVID-19 has not been reported in the Australian population. Objective The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of and outcomes for patients with diabetes admitted to Australian intensive care units (ICUs) with COVID-19. Methods This is a nested cohort study of four ICUs in Melbourne participating in the Short Period Incidence Study of Severe Acute Respiratory Infection (SPRINT-SARI) Australia project. All adult patients admitted to the ICU with COVID-19 from 20 February 2020 to 27 February 2021 were included. Blood glucose and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) data were retrospectively collected. Diabetes was diagnosed from medical history or an HbA1c ≥6.5% (48 mmol/mol). Hospital mortality was assessed using logistic regression. Results There were 136 patients with median age 58 years [48–68] and median Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score of 14 [11–19]. Fifty-eight patients had diabetes (43%), 46 patients had stress-induced hyperglycaemia (34%), and 32 patients had normoglycaemia (23%). Patients with diabetes were older, were with higher APACHE II scores, had greater glycaemic variability than patients with normoglycaemia, and had longer hospital length of stay. Overall hospital mortality was 16% (22/136), including nine patients with diabetes, nine patients with stress-induced hyperglycaemia, and two patients with normoglycaemia. Conclusion Diabetes is prevalent in patients admitted to Australian ICUs with severe COVID-19, highlighting the need for prevention strategies in this vulnerable population.
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Tu C, Lu H, Zhou T, Zhang W, Deng L, Cao W, Yang Z, Wang Z, Wu X, Ding J, Xu F, Gao C. Promoting the healing of infected diabetic wound by an anti-bacterial and nano-enzyme-containing hydrogel with inflammation-suppressing, ROS-scavenging, oxygen and nitric oxide-generating properties. Biomaterials 2022; 286:121597. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Ware LR, Gilmore JF, Szumita PM. Practical approach to clinical controversies in glycemic control for hospitalized surgical patients. Nutr Clin Pract 2022; 37:521-535. [PMID: 35490289 DOI: 10.1002/ncp.10858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of glycemic management in surgical patient populations stems from an association between hyperglycemia and increased rates of surgical site infections, sepsis, and mortality. Various guidelines provide recommendations regarding target glucose concentrations, but all stress the importance of avoiding hypoglycemia as well. Within the surgical patient population, glycemic targets may vary further depending on the surgical service, such as cardiac surgery, neurosurgery, or reconstructive burn surgery. Glycemic management in critically ill surgical patients is achieved primarily through the use of intravenous insulin infusion protocols. These protocols can include fixed protocols, multiplication factor protocols, and computerized algorithms. In contrast, noncritically ill surgical patients are generally managed through the utilization of subcutaneous insulin with a combination of basal, bolus, and sliding scale insulin. Insulin protocols should be effective at maintaining glucose concentrations within the specified target range with minimal hypoglycemic events. Monitoring glucose concentrations while on either an intravenous or subcutaneous insulin protocol is essential. Point-of-care testing is the primary method for monitoring glucose concentrations in both critically ill and noncritically ill surgical patients and allows for adjustment of the insulin regimen. As patients move between units and to the outpatient setting, ensuring adequate follow-up is essential to maintaining control of hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia R Ware
- Department of Pharmacy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James F Gilmore
- Department of Pharmacy, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Paul M Szumita
- Department of Pharmacy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Gerganova A, Assyov Y, Kamenov Z. Stress Hyperglycemia, Diabetes Mellitus and COVID-19 Infection: Risk Factors, Clinical Outcomes and Post-Discharge Implications. FRONTIERS IN CLINICAL DIABETES AND HEALTHCARE 2022; 3:826006. [PMID: 36992767 PMCID: PMC10012081 DOI: 10.3389/fcdhc.2022.826006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The novel severe acute respiratory distress syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused one of the most substantial pandemics that has affected humanity in the last century. At the time of the preparation of this review, it has caused the death of around 5 million people around the globe. There is ample evidence linking higher mortality risk rates from Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) with male gender, advancing age and comorbidities, such as obesity, arterial hypertension, cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes mellitus, and cancer. Hyperglycemia has been found to be accompanying COVID-19 not only in individuals with overt diabetes. Many authors claim that blood glucose levels should also be monitored in non-diabetic patients; moreover, it has been confirmed that hyperglycemia worsens the prognosis even without pre-existing diabetes. The pathophysiological mechanisms behind this phenomenon are complex, remain controversial, and are poorly understood. Hyperglycemia in the setting of COVID-19 could be a consequence of deterioration in pre-existing diabetes, new-onset diabetes, stress-induced or iatrogenic due to substantial usage of corticosteroids within the context of a severe COVID-19 infection. It is also plausible that it might be a result of adipose tissue dysfunction and insulin resistance. Last but not least, SARS-CoV-2 is also claimed to trigger sporadically direct β-cell destruction and β-cell autoimmunity. Pending further validations with longitudinal data are needed to legitimize COVID-19 as a potential risk factor for the development of diabetes. Hereby, we present an emphasized critical review of the available clinical data in an attempt to unravel the complex mechanisms behind hyperglycemia in COVID-19 infection. The secondary endpoint was to evaluate the bidirectional relationship between COVID-19 and diabetes mellitus. As the worldwide pandemic is still expanding, demand for answering these questions is arising. It will be of immense help for the management of COVID-19 patients, as well as for the implementation of post-discharge policies for patients with a high risk of developing diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonina Gerganova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University - Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
- Clinic of Endocrinology, University Hospital Alexandrovska, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Yavor Assyov
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University - Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
- Clinic of Endocrinology, University Hospital Alexandrovska, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Zdravko Kamenov
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University - Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
- Clinic of Endocrinology, University Hospital Alexandrovska, Sofia, Bulgaria
- *Correspondence: Zdravko Kamenov, orcid.org/0000-0002-4829-9449
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Hussein MH, Toraih EA, Reisner A, Shihabi A, Al-Quaryshi Z, Borchardt J, Kandil E. Preoperative diabetes complicates postsurgical recovery but does not amplify readmission risk following pancreatic surgery. Gland Surg 2022; 11:663-676. [PMID: 35531107 PMCID: PMC9068538 DOI: 10.21037/gs-21-648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes is a significant and prevalent medical condition associated with increased comorbidities, longer hospital length of stay, and higher healthcare costs. We aimed to assess the association between diabetes mellitus and postoperative outcomes following pancreatic surgeries. METHODS Records for patients with major elective pancreatic surgeries were retrieved retrospectively from the Nationwide Readmission Database (2010-2014). Association of diabetic status with postoperative complications, in-hospital mortality, length of stay (LOS), readmission rate, and hospital costs were investigated. Logistic regression and decision tree analyses were employed to predict adverse outcomes. RESULTS A total of 8,401 patients who had pancreatic surgery were included. They were categorized according to their diabetic diagnosis. Results showed that diabetic patients had a higher risk of postoperative complications compared to non-diabetics (OR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.08-1.49, P=0.003). Bleeding and renal complications were the most significant. Uncontrolled diabetes significantly required a longer hospital stay (9.17±4.28 vs. 8.03±4.96 days, P=0.001), and incurred higher hospital costs ($34,171.04±$20,846.61 vs. $28,182.21±$24,070.27, P=0.001). After multivariate regression, no association was found with in-hospital mortality or readmission rates; however, diabetic patients' length of stay during readmission was increased at 30- and 90-day readmissions (P=0.004 and 0.007, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Among patients who underwent pancreatic surgery, those with diabetes had a higher rate of postoperative complications compared to non-diabetics. Additionally, diabetic patients had higher hospital charges and costs during primary admission. Initial analysis of patients with diabetes showed they had higher rates of 30- and 90-day readmissions, though this did not maintain significance after regression analysis. Exploring the mechanisms underlying this finding would aid in preventing postoperative complications and reducing healthcare costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hosny Hussein
- Division of Endocrine and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Eman Ali Toraih
- Division of Endocrine and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Genetics Unit, Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Adin Reisner
- Tulane University, School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Areej Shihabi
- Division of Endocrine and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Zaid Al-Quaryshi
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Borchardt
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Emad Kandil
- Division of Endocrine and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
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Huang HJ, Lin YT, Chung MC, Chen YH, Tan KT. Glucose and Ethanol Detection with an Affinity-Switchable Lateral Flow Assay. Anal Chem 2022; 94:5084-5090. [PMID: 35297623 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c05316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The lateral flow assay (LFA) is one of the most successful analytical platforms for rapid on-site detection of target substances. This type of assay has been used in many rapid diagnoses, for example, pregnancy tests and infectious disease prevention. However, applications of LFAs for very small molecules remain a demanding challenge due to the problem of obtaining the corresponding binding partners to form sandwich complexes. In this paper, we report an affinity-switchable (AS) LFA (ASLFA) for the rapid and selective detection of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), glucose, and ethanol in blood serum and urine samples. Unlike classical LFAs, which rely on the "always on" interaction between the antigen and the antibody, the working principle of ASLFA is based on the gold nanoparticle-conjugated AS biotin probe Au@H2O2-ASB, which can be activated by H2O2 for binding with the streptavidin (SA) protein. In the presence of glucose and ethanol, glucose oxidase and alcohol oxidase can react with the substrate to generate H2O2 and thereby activate Au@H2O2-ASB for binding with SA. Therefore, this ASLFA approach can be an alternative for classical glucose and ethanol detection methods in a wide variety of samples, where simple and rapid on-site detection is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Jung Huang
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101 Section 2, Kuang Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101 Section 2, Kuang Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Min-Chi Chung
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101 Section 2, Kuang Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101 Section 2, Kuang Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Kui-Thong Tan
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101 Section 2, Kuang Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.,Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, 101 Section 2, Kuang Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.,Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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Ignatova GL, Blinova EV, Struch SV, Syrochkina MA. Risk of community acquired pneumonia in patients with diabetes mellitus: Review. TERAPEVT ARKH 2022; 94:448-453. [DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2022.03.201447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The article for the first time provides a relatively comprehensive overview of the main aspects of the epidemiology and clinical features of infectious pathology, i.e., community-acquired pneumonia, as comorbid and aggravating conditions in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Risk factors and pathogenetic patterns of infectious processes development, as well as the special etiological role of pneumococcal infection in this group of patients, are considered. Particular attention is paid to the possibilities of and approaches to the primary prevention of vaccine-preventable infections as the causes of the development of community-acquired pneumonia and invasive diseases in patients with diabetes mellitus with a review of international studies, guidelines, and local experience data in pneumococcal infection immunization.
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Mendes TB, Câmara-de-Souza AB, Halpern B. Hospital management of hyperglycemia in the context of COVID-19: evidence-based clinical considerations. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2022; 14:37. [PMID: 35246230 PMCID: PMC8895065 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-022-00808-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic led to an unprecedented crisis, and early on, it has been shown that diabetes is an important risk factor for complications and mortality in infected patients, as demonstrated by several studies. Moreover, hyperglycemia, regardless of whether patients have diabetes, is associated with poorer outcomes, which suggests that adequate monitoring and treatment of elevated glycemia in the hospital setting can improve patient outcomes. In patients with COVID-19, glycemic control may be impaired as a consequence of the infection itself (aggravating pre-existing diabetes and potentially precipitating new-onset diabetes), inflammation, or corticosteroid use-a well-established therapy to reduce COVID-19 complications, especially in the intensive care unit. This article reviews the link between diabetes and hyperglycemia, and COVID-19, with a brief review of potential mechanisms, along with emerging evidence on the effect of glycemic control on COVID-19 outcomes, especially in hospital settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Bosco Mendes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital das Clínicas, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno Halpern
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital 9 de Julho, Rua Alves Guimarães, 462, cj. 72, Pinheiros, São Paulo, SP, 05410-000, Brazil.
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Saygılı ES, Karakılıç E. The Relationship Between the Admission Blood Glucose Level and 90-Day Mortality in Non-Diabetic Patients with Coronavirus Disease-2019. ISTANBUL MEDICAL JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.4274/imj.galenos.2021.12369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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50
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Gothong C, Singh LG, Satyarengga M, Spanakis EK. Continuous glucose monitoring in the hospital: an update in the era of COVID-19. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2022; 29:1-9. [PMID: 34845159 PMCID: PMC8711300 DOI: 10.1097/med.0000000000000693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems are Food and Drug Administration approved devices for the ambulatory setting; however, they remain investigational systems for inpatient use. This review summarizes the most recent and relevant literature on the use of continuous glucose monitoring in the hospital setting. RECENT FINDINGS CGM provides real-time glucose data that enable healthcare professionals to make proactive and timelier clinical decisions with regards to diabetes management. CGM devices appear to be safe and accurate systems for glucose monitoring in the hospital setting. Real-time CGM systems and glucose telemetry can decrease hypoglycemia and reduce hyperglycemia in hospitalized patients with diabetes. Remote glucose monitoring decreases the need of frequent Point-of-care checks and personal protective equipment use while also mitigating staff exposure risk which is timely in the advent of the COVID-19 pandemic. Although most nursing staff have limited exposure and training on CGM technology, early studies show that CGM use in the hospital is well received by nurses. SUMMARY Given the evidence in the current literature regarding CGM use in the hospital, CGM devices may be incorporated in the inpatient setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikara Gothong
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine
| | - Lakshmi G. Singh
- Division of Endocrinology, Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore
| | - Medha Satyarengga
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, University of Maryland Shore Regional Health, Easton, Maryland, USA
| | - Elias K. Spanakis
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine
- Division of Endocrinology, Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore
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