1
|
Chen W, Han Y, Xu Y, Wang T, Wang Y, Chen X, Qiu X, Li W, Li H, Fan Y, Yao Y, Zhu T. Fine particulate matter exposure and systemic inflammation: A potential mediating role of bioactive lipids. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 931:172993. [PMID: 38719056 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Inflammation is a key mechanism underlying the adverse health effects of exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5). Bioactive lipids in the arachidonic acid (ARA) pathway are important in the regulation of inflammation and are reportedly altered by PM2.5 exposure. Ceramide-1-phosphate (C1P), a class of sphingolipids, is required to initiate ARA metabolism. We examined the role of C1P in the alteration of ARA metabolism after PM2.5 exposure and explored whether changes in the ARA pathway promoted systemic inflammation based on a panel study involving 112 older adults in Beijing, China. Ambient PM2.5 levels were continuously monitored at a fixed station from 2013 to 2015. Serum cytokine levels were measured to assess systemic inflammation. Multiple bioactive lipids in the ARA pathway and three subtypes of C1P were quantified in blood samples. Mediation analyses were performed to test the hypotheses. We observed that PM2.5 exposure was positively associated with inflammatory cytokines and the three subtypes of C1P. Mediation analyses showed that C1P significantly mediated the associations of ARA and 5, 6-dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid (5, 6-DHET), an ARA metabolite, with PM2.5 exposure. ARA, 5, 6-DHET, and leukotriene B4 mediated systemic inflammatory response to PM2.5 exposure. For example, C1P C16:0 (a subtype of C1P) mediated a 12.9 % (95 % confidence interval: 3.7 %, 32.5 %) increase in ARA associated with 3-day moving average PM2.5 exposure, and ARA mediated a 27.1 % (7.8 %, 61.2 %) change in interleukin-8 associated with 7-day moving average PM2.5 exposure. Our study indicates that bioactive lipids in the ARA and sphingolipid metabolic pathways may mediate systemic inflammation after PM2.5 exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wu Chen
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Center for Environment and Health, Peking University, Beijing, China; Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yiqun Han
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Center for Environment and Health, Peking University, Beijing, China; Environmental Research Group, MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Yifan Xu
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Center for Environment and Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Teng Wang
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Center for Environment and Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanwen Wang
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Center for Environment and Health, Peking University, Beijing, China; National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Chen
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Center for Environment and Health, Peking University, Beijing, China; Hebei Technology Innovation Center of Human Settlement in Green Building (TCHS), Shenzhen Institute of Building Research Co., Ltd., Xiongan, Hebei, China
| | - Xinghua Qiu
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Center for Environment and Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Weiju Li
- Peking University Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Haonan Li
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Center for Environment and Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunfei Fan
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Center for Environment and Health, Peking University, Beijing, China; China National Environmental Monitoring Centre, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Yao
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Center for Environment and Health, Peking University, Beijing, China; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tong Zhu
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Center for Environment and Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yao L, Sai HV, Shippy T, Li B. Cellular and Transcriptional Response of Human Astrocytes to Hybrid Protein Materials. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:2887-2898. [PMID: 38632900 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c01266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Collagen is a major component of the tissue matrix, and soybean can regulate the tissue immune response. Both materials have been used to fabricate biomaterials for tissue repair. In this study, adult and fetal human astrocytes were grown in a soy protein isolate (SPI)-collagen hybrid gel or on the surface of a cross-linked SPI-collagen membrane. Hybrid materials reduced the cell proliferation rate compared to materials generated by collagen alone. However, the hybrid materials did not significantly change the cell motility compared to the control collagen material. RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis showed downregulated genes in the cell cycle pathway, including CCNA2, CCNB1, CCNB2, CCND1, CCND2, and CDK1, which may explain lower cell proliferation in the hybrid material. This study also revealed the downregulation of genes encoding extracellular matrix (ECM) components, including HSPG2, LUM, SDC2, COL4A1, COL4A5, COL4A6, and FN1, as well as genes encoding chemokines, including CCL2, CXCL1, CXCL2, CX3CL1, CXCL3, and LIF, for adult human astrocytes grown on the hybrid membrane compared with those grown on the control collagen membrane. The study explored the cellular and transcriptional responses of human astrocytes to the hybrid material and indicated a potential beneficial function of the material in the application of neural repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Yao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wichita State University, 1845 Fairmount Street, Wichita, Kansas 67260, United States
| | - Haneesha Vishwa Sai
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wichita State University, 1845 Fairmount Street, Wichita, Kansas 67260, United States
| | - Teresa Shippy
- KSU Bioinformatics Center, Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Wichita State University, 1845 Fairmount Street, Wichita, Kansas 67260, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu Z, Lai J, Kong D, Zhao Y, Zhao J, Dai J, Zhang M. Advances in electroactive bioscaffolds for repairing spinal cord injury. Biomed Mater 2024; 19:032005. [PMID: 38636508 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ad4079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating neurological disorder, leading to loss of motor or somatosensory function, which is the most challenging worldwide medical problem. Re-establishment of intact neural circuits is the basis of spinal cord regeneration. Considering the crucial role of electrical signals in the nervous system, electroactive bioscaffolds have been widely developed for SCI repair. They can produce conductive pathways and a pro-regenerative microenvironment at the lesion site similar to that of the natural spinal cord, leading to neuronal regeneration and axonal growth, and functionally reactivating the damaged neural circuits. In this review, we first demonstrate the pathophysiological characteristics induced by SCI. Then, the crucial role of electrical signals in SCI repair is introduced. Based on a comprehensive analysis of these characteristics, recent advances in the electroactive bioscaffolds for SCI repair are summarized, focusing on both the conductive bioscaffolds and piezoelectric bioscaffolds, used independently or in combination with external electronic stimulation. Finally, thoughts on challenges and opportunities that may shape the future of bioscaffolds in SCI repair are concluded.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeqi Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahui Lai
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, People's Republic of China
| | - Dexin Kong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, People's Republic of China
| | - Yannan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiakang Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianwu Dai
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kishikawa J, Kobayakawa K, Saiwai H, Yokota K, Kubota K, Hayashi T, Morishita Y, Masuda M, Sakai H, Kawano O, Nakashima Y, Maeda T. Verification of the Accuracy of Cervical Spinal Cord Injury Prognosis Prediction Using Clinical Data-Based Artificial Neural Networks. J Clin Med 2024; 13:253. [PMID: 38202260 PMCID: PMC10779821 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13010253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In patients with cervical spinal cord injury (SCI), we need to make accurate prognostic predictions in the acute phase for more effective rehabilitation. We hypothesized that a multivariate prognosis would be useful for patients with cervical SCI. METHODS We made two predictive models using Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). We adopted MLR as a conventional predictive model. Both models were created using the same 20 clinical parameters of the acute phase data at the time of admission. The prediction results were classified by the ASIA Impairment Scale. The training data consisted of 60 cases, and prognosis prediction was performed for 20 future cases (test cohort). All patients were treated in the Spinal Injuries Center (SIC) in Fukuoka, Japan. RESULTS A total of 16 out of 20 cases were predictable. The correct answer rate of MLR was 31.3%, while the rate of ANNs was 75.0% (number of correct answers: 12). CONCLUSION We were able to predict the prognosis of patients with cervical SCI from acute clinical data using ANNs. Performing effective rehabilitation based on this prediction will improve the patient's quality of life after discharge. Although there is room for improvement, ANNs are useful as a prognostic tool for patients with cervical SCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kishikawa
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Spinal Injuries Center, Fukuoka 820-8508, Japan; (J.K.); (K.Y.); (K.K.); (T.H.); (Y.M.); (M.M.); (H.S.); (O.K.); (T.M.)
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (H.S.); (Y.N.)
| | - Kazu Kobayakawa
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (H.S.); (Y.N.)
| | - Hirokazu Saiwai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (H.S.); (Y.N.)
| | - Kazuya Yokota
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Spinal Injuries Center, Fukuoka 820-8508, Japan; (J.K.); (K.Y.); (K.K.); (T.H.); (Y.M.); (M.M.); (H.S.); (O.K.); (T.M.)
| | - Kensuke Kubota
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Spinal Injuries Center, Fukuoka 820-8508, Japan; (J.K.); (K.Y.); (K.K.); (T.H.); (Y.M.); (M.M.); (H.S.); (O.K.); (T.M.)
| | - Tetsuo Hayashi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Spinal Injuries Center, Fukuoka 820-8508, Japan; (J.K.); (K.Y.); (K.K.); (T.H.); (Y.M.); (M.M.); (H.S.); (O.K.); (T.M.)
| | - Yuichiro Morishita
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Spinal Injuries Center, Fukuoka 820-8508, Japan; (J.K.); (K.Y.); (K.K.); (T.H.); (Y.M.); (M.M.); (H.S.); (O.K.); (T.M.)
| | - Muneaki Masuda
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Spinal Injuries Center, Fukuoka 820-8508, Japan; (J.K.); (K.Y.); (K.K.); (T.H.); (Y.M.); (M.M.); (H.S.); (O.K.); (T.M.)
| | - Hiroaki Sakai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Spinal Injuries Center, Fukuoka 820-8508, Japan; (J.K.); (K.Y.); (K.K.); (T.H.); (Y.M.); (M.M.); (H.S.); (O.K.); (T.M.)
| | - Osamu Kawano
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Spinal Injuries Center, Fukuoka 820-8508, Japan; (J.K.); (K.Y.); (K.K.); (T.H.); (Y.M.); (M.M.); (H.S.); (O.K.); (T.M.)
| | - Yasuharu Nakashima
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (H.S.); (Y.N.)
| | - Takeshi Maeda
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Spinal Injuries Center, Fukuoka 820-8508, Japan; (J.K.); (K.Y.); (K.K.); (T.H.); (Y.M.); (M.M.); (H.S.); (O.K.); (T.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kijima K, Ono G, Kobayakawa K, Saiwai H, Hara M, Yoshizaki S, Yokota K, Saito T, Tamaru T, Iura H, Haruta Y, Kitade K, Utsunomiya T, Konno D, Edgerton VR, Liu CY, Sakai H, Maeda T, Kawaguchi K, Matsumoto Y, Okada S, Nakashima Y. Zinc deficiency impairs axonal regeneration and functional recovery after spinal cord injury by modulating macrophage polarization via NF-κB pathway. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1290100. [PMID: 38022538 PMCID: PMC10666775 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1290100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating disease that results in permanent paralysis. Currently, there is no effective treatment for SCI, and it is important to identify factors that can provide therapeutic intervention during the course of the disease. Zinc, an essential trace element, has attracted attention as a regulator of inflammatory responses. In this study, we investigated the effect of zinc status on the SCI pathology and whether or not zinc could be a potential therapeutic target. Methods We created experimental mouse models with three different serum zinc concentration by changing the zinc content of the diet. After inducing contusion injury to the spinal cord of three mouse models, we assessed inflammation, apoptosis, demyelination, axonal regeneration, and the number of nuclear translocations of NF-κB in macrophages by using qPCR and immunostaining. In addition, macrophages in the injured spinal cord of these mouse models were isolated by flow cytometry, and their intracellular zinc concentration level and gene expression were examined. Functional recovery was assessed using the open field motor score, a foot print analysis, and a grid walk test. Statistical analysis was performed using Wilcoxon rank-sum test and ANOVA with the Tukey-Kramer test. Results In macrophages after SCI, zinc deficiency promoted nuclear translocation of NF-κB, polarization to pro-inflammatory like phenotype and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The inflammatory response exacerbated by zinc deficiency led to worsening motor function by inducing more apoptosis of oligodendrocytes and demyelination and inhibiting axonal regeneration in the lesion site compared to the normal zinc condition. Furthermore, zinc supplementation after SCI attenuated these zinc-deficiency-induced series of responses and improved motor function. Conclusion We demonstrated that zinc affected axonal regeneration and motor functional recovery after SCI by negatively regulating NF-κB activity and the subsequent inflammatory response in macrophages. Our findings suggest that zinc supplementation after SCI may be a novel therapeutic strategy for SCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ken Kijima
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Neurorestoration Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Gentaro Ono
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazu Kobayakawa
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Saiwai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Hara
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shingo Yoshizaki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuya Yokota
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takeyuki Saito
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Tamaru
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Iura
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yohei Haruta
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuki Kitade
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Utsunomiya
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Daijiro Konno
- Department of Energy and Materials, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - V. Reggie Edgerton
- Neurorestoration Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Rancho Research Institute, Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center, Downey, CA, United States
- Institut Guttmann. Hospital de Neurorehabilitació, Institut Universitari adscrit a la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Charles Y. Liu
- Neurorestoration Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Rancho Research Institute, Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center, Downey, CA, United States
| | - Hiroaki Sakai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Spinal Injuries Center, Iizuka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Maeda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Spinal Injuries Center, Iizuka, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kawaguchi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Matsumoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Seiji Okada
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Nakashima
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yan J, Zhu J, Li X, Yang R, Xiao W, Huang C, Zheng C. Blocking LTB 4 signaling-mediated TAMs recruitment by Rhizoma Coptidis sensitizes lung cancer to immunotherapy. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 119:154968. [PMID: 37531900 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) induces durable immune responses across a spectrum of advanced cancers and revolutionizes the oncology field. However, only a subset of patients achieves long-lasting clinical benefits. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) usually secrete immunosuppressive cytokines and contribute to the failure of ICB therapy. Therefore, it is crucial to mechanically manipulate the abundance and function of TAMs in the tumor microenvironment (TME), which can offer a promising molecular basis to improve the clinical response efficacy of ICB in cancer patients. PURPOSE This study aims to investigate TAMs in the immunosuppressive microenvironment to identify new therapeutic targets, improve the ability to predict and guide responses to clinical immunotherapy, and develop new strategies for immunotherapy of lung tumors. METHODS Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) xenograft-bearing mouse models were established to analyze the antitumor activity of Rhizoma Coptidis (RC) in vivo. A systems pharmacology strategy was used to predict the correlation between RC and M2 macrophages. The effect of RC on the abundance of M2 macrophages was analyzed by flow cytometry of murine samples. Western blot was performed to analyze the expression of Leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H) and LTB4 receptor 1 (BLT1) in harvested lung cancer tissues. The impact of blocking leukotriene B4 (LTB4) signaling by RC on the recruitment of M2 macrophages was assessed in vitro and in vivo. Transwell migration assays were conducted to clarify the inhibition of macrophage migration by blocking LTB4. Lta4h-/- mice were used to investigate the sensitivity of immunotherapy to lung cancer by blocking the LTB4 signaling. RESULTS Here, we report that RC, an herbal medicine from the family Ranunculaceae, suppresses the recruitment and immunosuppressive function of TAMs, which in turn sensitizes lung cancer to ICB therapy. Firstly, a systems pharmacology strategy was proposed to identify combinatorial drugs for ICB therapy with a systems biology perspective of drug-target-pathway-TME phenotype. We predicted and verified that RC significantly inhibits tumor growth and the infiltration of M2-TAMs into TME of LLC tumor-bearing mice. Then, RC inhibits the recruitment of macrophages to the tumor TME via blocking LTB4 signaling, and suppresses the expression of immunosuppressive factors (IL-10, TGF-β and VEGF). As a result, RC enables CD8+ T cells to retain their proliferative and infiltrative abilities within the TME. Ultimately, these events promote cytotoxic T-cell-mediated clearance of tumor cells, which is further enhanced by the addition of anti-PD-L1 therapy. Furthermore, we employed LTA4H deficient mice (Lta4h-/- mice) to evaluate the antitumor efficiency, the results showed that the efficacy of immunotherapy was enhanced due to the synergistic effect of LTB4 signaling blockage and ICB inhibition, leading to remarkable inhibition of tumor growth in a mouse model of lung adenocarcinoma. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these findings suggest that RC enhances antitumor immunity, providing a rationale for combining RC with immunotherapies as a potential anti-cancer treatment strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiangna Yan
- College of Medicine, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, PR China
| | - Jinglin Zhu
- College of Medicine, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, PR China
| | - Xiaolan Li
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, PR China
| | - Ruijie Yang
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Wei Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Parmaceutical Co. Ltd., Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222001, PR China
| | - Chao Huang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China.
| | - Chunli Zheng
- College of Medicine, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Balog BM, Sonti A, Zigmond RE. Neutrophil biology in injuries and diseases of the central and peripheral nervous systems. Prog Neurobiol 2023; 228:102488. [PMID: 37355220 PMCID: PMC10528432 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2023.102488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
The role of inflammation in nervous system injury and disease is attracting increased attention. Much of that research has focused on microglia in the central nervous system (CNS) and macrophages in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Much less attention has been paid to the roles played by neutrophils. Neutrophils are part of the granulocyte subtype of myeloid cells. These cells, like macrophages, originate and differentiate in the bone marrow from which they enter the circulation. After tissue damage or infection, neutrophils are the first immune cells to infiltrate into tissues and are directed there by specific chemokines, which act on chemokine receptors on neutrophils. We have reviewed here the basic biology of these cells, including their differentiation, the types of granules they contain, the chemokines that act on them, the subpopulations of neutrophils that exist, and their functions. We also discuss tools available for identification and further study of neutrophils. We then turn to a review of what is known about the role of neutrophils in CNS and PNS diseases and injury, including stroke, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, spinal cord and traumatic brain injuries, CNS and PNS axon regeneration, and neuropathic pain. While in the past studies have focused on neutrophils deleterious effects, we will highlight new findings about their benefits. Studies on their actions should lead to identification of ways to modify neutrophil effects to improve health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian M Balog
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-4975, USA
| | - Anisha Sonti
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-4975, USA
| | - Richard E Zigmond
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-4975, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yokomizo T, Shimizu T. The leukotriene B 4 receptors BLT1 and BLT2 as potential therapeutic targets. Immunol Rev 2023; 317:30-41. [PMID: 36908237 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Leukotriene B4 (LTB4 ) was recognized as an arachidonate-derived chemotactic factor for inflammatory cells and an important drug target even before the molecular identification of its receptors. We cloned the high- and low-affinity LTB4 receptors, BLT1 and BLT2, respectively, and examined their functions by generating and studying gene-targeted mice. BLT1 is involved in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory and immune diseases, including asthma, psoriasis, contact dermatitis, allergic conjunctivitis, age-related macular degeneration, and immune complex-mediated glomerulonephritis. Meanwhile, BLT2 is a high-affinity receptor for 12-hydroxyheptadecatrienoic acid, which is involved in the maintenance of dermal and intestinal barrier function, and the acceleration of skin and corneal wound healing. Thus, BLT1 antagonists and BLT2 agonists are promising candidates in the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takehiko Yokomizo
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takao Shimizu
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Lipid Signaling, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hu X, Xu W, Ren Y, Wang Z, He X, Huang R, Ma B, Zhao J, Zhu R, Cheng L. Spinal cord injury: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:245. [PMID: 37357239 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01477-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) remains a severe condition with an extremely high disability rate. The challenges of SCI repair include its complex pathological mechanisms and the difficulties of neural regeneration in the central nervous system. In the past few decades, researchers have attempted to completely elucidate the pathological mechanism of SCI and identify effective strategies to promote axon regeneration and neural circuit remodeling, but the results have not been ideal. Recently, new pathological mechanisms of SCI, especially the interactions between immune and neural cell responses, have been revealed by single-cell sequencing and spatial transcriptome analysis. With the development of bioactive materials and stem cells, more attention has been focused on forming intermediate neural networks to promote neural regeneration and neural circuit reconstruction than on promoting axonal regeneration in the corticospinal tract. Furthermore, technologies to control physical parameters such as electricity, magnetism and ultrasound have been constantly innovated and applied in neural cell fate regulation. Among these advanced novel strategies and technologies, stem cell therapy, biomaterial transplantation, and electromagnetic stimulation have entered into the stage of clinical trials, and some of them have already been applied in clinical treatment. In this review, we outline the overall epidemiology and pathophysiology of SCI, expound on the latest research progress related to neural regeneration and circuit reconstruction in detail, and propose future directions for SCI repair and clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Hu
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200065, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal cord Injury Repair and Regeneration (Tongji University), Ministry of Education, 200065, Shanghai, China
- Clinical Center For Brain And Spinal Cord Research, Tongji University, 200065, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200065, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal cord Injury Repair and Regeneration (Tongji University), Ministry of Education, 200065, Shanghai, China
- Clinical Center For Brain And Spinal Cord Research, Tongji University, 200065, Shanghai, China
| | - Yilong Ren
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200065, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal cord Injury Repair and Regeneration (Tongji University), Ministry of Education, 200065, Shanghai, China
- Clinical Center For Brain And Spinal Cord Research, Tongji University, 200065, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaojie Wang
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200065, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal cord Injury Repair and Regeneration (Tongji University), Ministry of Education, 200065, Shanghai, China
- Clinical Center For Brain And Spinal Cord Research, Tongji University, 200065, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolie He
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200065, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal cord Injury Repair and Regeneration (Tongji University), Ministry of Education, 200065, Shanghai, China
- Clinical Center For Brain And Spinal Cord Research, Tongji University, 200065, Shanghai, China
| | - Runzhi Huang
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200065, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal cord Injury Repair and Regeneration (Tongji University), Ministry of Education, 200065, Shanghai, China
- Clinical Center For Brain And Spinal Cord Research, Tongji University, 200065, Shanghai, China
| | - Bei Ma
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200065, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal cord Injury Repair and Regeneration (Tongji University), Ministry of Education, 200065, Shanghai, China
- Clinical Center For Brain And Spinal Cord Research, Tongji University, 200065, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingwei Zhao
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200065, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal cord Injury Repair and Regeneration (Tongji University), Ministry of Education, 200065, Shanghai, China
- Clinical Center For Brain And Spinal Cord Research, Tongji University, 200065, Shanghai, China
| | - Rongrong Zhu
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200065, Shanghai, China.
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal cord Injury Repair and Regeneration (Tongji University), Ministry of Education, 200065, Shanghai, China.
- Clinical Center For Brain And Spinal Cord Research, Tongji University, 200065, Shanghai, China.
| | - Liming Cheng
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200065, Shanghai, China.
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal cord Injury Repair and Regeneration (Tongji University), Ministry of Education, 200065, Shanghai, China.
- Clinical Center For Brain And Spinal Cord Research, Tongji University, 200065, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Calderón-Estrella F, Franco-Bourland RE, Rios C, de Jesús-Nicolás D, Pineda B, Méndez-Armenta M, Mata-Bermúdez A, Diaz-Ruiz A. Early treatment with dapsone after spinal cord injury in rats decreases the inflammatory response and promotes long-term functional recovery. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14687. [PMID: 37009237 PMCID: PMC10060111 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Failure of therapeutic strategies for the management and recovery from traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious concern. Dapsone (DDS) has been reported as a neuroprotective drug after SCI, although the phase after SC damage (acute or chronic) of its major impact on functional recovery has yet to be defined. Here, we evaluated DDS acute-phase anti-inflammatory effects and their impact on early functional recovery, one week after moderate SCI, and late functional recovery, 7 weeks thereafter. Female Wistar rats were randomly assigned to each of five experimental groups: sham group; four groups of rats with SCI, treated with DDS (0, 12.5, 25.0, and 37.5 mg/kg ip), starting 3 h after injury. Plasma levels of GRO/KC, and the number of neutrophils and macrophages in cell suspensions from tissue taken at the site of injury were measured as inflammation biomarkers. Hindlimb motor function of injured rats given DDS 12.5 and 25.0 mg/kg daily for 8 weeks was evaluated on the BBB open-field ordinal scale. Six hours after injury all DDS doses decreased GRO/KC plasma levels; 24 h after injury, neutrophil numbers decreased with DDS doses of 25.0 and 37.5 mg/kg; macrophage numbers decreased only at the 37.5 mg/kg dose. In the acute phase, functional recovery was dose-dependent. Final recovery scores were 57.5 and 106.2% above the DDS-vehicle treated control group, respectively. In conclusion, the acute phase dose-dependent anti-inflammatory effects of DDS impacted early motor function recovery affecting final recovery at the end of the study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Calderón-Estrella
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas de la Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, 04369, Mexico
| | | | - Camilo Rios
- Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Ciudad de México, 14389, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Xochimilco, Ciudad de México, 04960, Mexico
| | - Diana de Jesús-Nicolás
- Departamento de Neuroquímica, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Ciudad de México, 14269, Mexico
| | - Benjamín Pineda
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Ciudad de México, 14269, Mexico
| | - Marisela Méndez-Armenta
- Departamento de Neuroquímica, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Ciudad de México, 14269, Mexico
| | - Alfonso Mata-Bermúdez
- Departamento de Neuroquímica, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Ciudad de México, 14269, Mexico
| | - Araceli Diaz-Ruiz
- Departamento de Neuroquímica, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Ciudad de México, 14269, Mexico
- Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ma P, Huang N, Tang J, Zhou Z, Xu J, Chen Y, Zhang M, Huang Q, Cheng Y. The TRPM4 channel inhibitor 9-phenanthrol alleviates cerebral edema after traumatic brain injury in rats. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1098228. [PMID: 36865920 PMCID: PMC9971592 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1098228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral edema (CE) exerts an important effect on brain injury after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Upregulation of transient receptor potential melastatin 4 (TRPM4) in vascular endothelial cells (ECs) results in damage to capillaries and the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which is critical for the development of CE. Many studies have shown that 9-phenanthrol (9-PH) effectively inhibits TRPM4. The current study aimed to investigate the effect of 9-PH on reducing CE after TBI. In this experiment, we observed that 9-PH markedly reduced brain water content, BBB disruption, proliferation of microglia and astrocytes, neutrophil infiltration, neuronal apoptosis and neurobehavioral deficits. At the molecular level, 9-PH significantly inhibited the protein expression of TRPM4 and MMP-9, alleviated the expression of apoptosis-related molecules and inflammatory cytokines, such as Bax, TNF-α and IL-6, near injured tissue, and diminished serum SUR1 and TRPM4 levels. Mechanistically, treatment with 9-PH inhibited activation of the PI3K/AKT/NF-kB signaling pathway, which was reported to be involved in the expression of MMP-9. Taken together, the results of this study indicate that 9-PH effectively reduces CE and alleviates secondary brain injury partly through the following possible mechanisms: ①9-PH inhibits TRPM4-mediated Na + influx and reduces cytotoxic CE; ②9-PH hinders the expression and activity of MMP-9 by inhibiting the TRPM4 channel and decreases disruption of the BBB, thereby preventing vasogenic cerebral edema. ③9-PH reduces further inflammatory and apoptotic damage to tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ning Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zunjie Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Maoxin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qin Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,*Correspondence: Qin Huang, ; Yuan Cheng,
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,*Correspondence: Qin Huang, ; Yuan Cheng,
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Liu F, Huang Y, Wang H. Rodent Models of Spinal Cord Injury: From Pathology to Application. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:340-361. [PMID: 36303082 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03794-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) often has devastating consequences for the patient's physical, mental and occupational health. At present, there is no effective treatment for SCI, and appropriate animal models are very important for studying the pathological manifestations, injury mechanisms, and corresponding treatment. However, the pathological changes in each injury model are different, which creates difficulties in selecting appropriate models for different research purposes. In this article, we analyze various SCI models and introduce their pathological features, including inflammation, glial scar formation, axon regeneration, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and oxidative stress, and evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of each model, which is convenient for selecting suitable models for different injury mechanisms to study therapeutic methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fuze Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ma Y, Kemp SS, Yang X, Wu MH, Yuan SY. Cellular mechanisms underlying the impairment of macrophage efferocytosis. Immunol Lett 2023; 254:41-53. [PMID: 36740099 PMCID: PMC9992097 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The phagocytosis and clearance of dying cells by macrophages, a process termed efferocytosis, is essential for both maintaining homeostasis and promoting tissue repair after infection or sterile injury. If not removed in a timely manner, uncleared cells can undergo secondary necrosis, and necrotic cells lose membrane integrity, release toxic intracellular components, and potentially induce inflammation or autoimmune diseases. Efferocytosis also initiates the repair process by producing a wide range of pro-reparative factors. Accumulating evidence has revealed that macrophage efferocytosis defects are involved in the development and progression of a variety of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. The underlying mechanisms of efferocytosis impairment are complex, disease-dependent, and incompletely understood. In this review, we will first summarize the current knowledge about the normal signaling and metabolic processes of macrophage efferocytosis and its importance in maintaining tissue homeostasis and repair. We then will focus on analyzing the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying efferocytotic abnormality (impairment) in disease or injury conditions. Next, we will discuss the potential molecular targets for enhanced efferocytosis in animal models of disease. To provide a balanced view, we will also discuss some deleterious effects of efferocytosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Ma
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Scott S Kemp
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Xiaoyuan Yang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Mack H Wu
- Department of Surgery, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Sarah Y Yuan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; Department of Surgery, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Li C, Xiong W, Wan B, Kong G, Wang S, Wang Y, Fan J. Role of peripheral immune cells in spinal cord injury. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:2. [PMID: 36478290 PMCID: PMC9729325 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04644-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Secondary spinal cord injury is caused by an inflammatory response cascade, and the process is irreversible. The immune system, as a mediator of inflammation, plays an important role in spinal cord injury. The spinal cord retains its immune privilege in a physiological state. Hence, elucidating the mechanisms by which peripheral immune cells are recruited to the lesion site and function after spinal cord injury is meaningful for the exploration of clinical therapeutic targets. In this review, we provide an overview of the multifaceted roles of peripheral immune cells in spinal cord injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Wu Xiong
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Bowen Wan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Guang Kong
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Siming Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jin Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhen-Gang L, Fan Y, Jingwei S, Pengyu C, Shengman Y, Bo-Yin Z. Revisiting the immune landscape post spinal cord injury: More than black and white. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:963539. [PMID: 36570540 PMCID: PMC9768195 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.963539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) induced catastrophic neurological disability is currently incurable, especially in elderly patients. Due to the limited axon regeneration capacity and hostile microenvironment in the lesion site, essential neural network reconstruction remains challenging. Owing to the blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) created immune cells and cytokines isolation, the immune elements were incorrectly recognized as innocent bystanders during the SCI pathological process traditionally. Emerging evidence demonstrated that the central nervous system (CNS) is an "immunological quiescent" rather than "immune privileged" area, and the CNS-associated immune response played mixed roles which dedicate beneficial and detrimental contributions throughout the SCI process. Consequently, coordinating double-edged immunomodulation is vital to promote tissue repair and neurological recovery post-SCI. The comprehensive exploration and understanding of the immune landscape post-SCI are essential in establishing new avenues for further basic and clinical studies. In this context, this review summarizes the recent significant breakthroughs in key aspects of SCI-related immunomodulation, including innate and adaptive immune response, immune organ changes, and holistic immune status modification. Moreover, the currently existing immune-oriented therapies for SCI will be outlined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liu Zhen-Gang
- Department of Orthopaedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Fan
- Department of Orthopaedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shi Jingwei
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chang Pengyu
- Radiotherapy Department, The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yu Shengman
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Zhang Bo-Yin
- Department of Orthopaedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China,*Correspondence: Zhang Bo-Yin
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sud’ina GF, Golenkina EA, Prikhodko AS, Kondratenko ND, Gaponova TV, Chernyak BV. Mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SkQ1 inhibits leukotriene synthesis in human neutrophils. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1023517. [PMID: 36506526 PMCID: PMC9729262 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1023517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukotrienes are among the most potent mediators of inflammation, and inhibition of their biosynthesis, is becoming increasingly important in the treatment of many pathologies. In this work, we demonstrated that preincubation of human neutrophils with the mitochondria targeted antioxidant SkQ1 (100 nM) strongly inhibits leukotriene synthesis induced by three different stimuli: the Ca2+ ionophore A23187, the chemotactic formyl-peptide fMLP in combination with cytocholasin B, and opsonized zymosan. The SkQ1 analogue lacking the antioxidant quinone moiety (C12TPP) was ineffective, suggesting that mitochondrial production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is critical for activating of leukotriene synthesis in human neutrophils. The uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation FCCP also inhibits leukotriene synthesis, indicating that a high membrane potential is a prerequisite for stimulating leukotriene synthesis in neutrophils. Our data show that activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases p38 and ERK1/2, which is important for leukotriene synthesis in neutrophils is a target for SkQ1: 1) the selective p38 inhibitor SB203580 inhibited fMLP-induced leukotriene synthesis, while the ERK1/2 activation inhibitor U0126 suppressed leukotriene synthesis induced by any of the three stimuli; 2) SkQ1 effectively prevents p38 and ERK1/2 activation (accumulation of phosphorylated forms) induced by all three stimuli. This is the first study pointing to the involvement of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in the activation of leukotriene synthesis in human neutrophils. The use of mitochondria-targeted antioxidants can be considered as a promising strategy for inhibiting leukotriene synthesis and treating various inflammatory pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Galina F. Sud’ina
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia,*Correspondence: Galina F. Sud’ina, ; Boris V. Chernyak,
| | - Ekaterina A. Golenkina
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia S. Prikhodko
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia D. Kondratenko
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatjana V. Gaponova
- National Research Center for Hematology, Russia Federation Ministry of Public Health, Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris V. Chernyak
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia,*Correspondence: Galina F. Sud’ina, ; Boris V. Chernyak,
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Pang Y, Liu X, Zhao C, Shi X, Zhang J, Zhou T, Xiong H, Gao X, Zhao X, Yang X, Ning G, Zhang X, Feng S, Yao X. LC-MS/MS-based arachidonic acid metabolomics in acute spinal cord injury reveals the upregulation of 5-LOX and COX-2 products. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 193:363-372. [PMID: 36272669 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.10.303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (AA) plays a critical role in inflammatory regulation and secondary injury after spinal cord injury (SCI). However, the overall AA metabolism profile in the acute phase of SCI remains elusive. Here we quantified AA metabolomics by High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry-Based Method (LC-MS/MS) using spinal cord tissue collected at 4 h, 24 h and 48 h after contusive SCI in rats. Remarkably, Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) were significantly increased throughout the acute SCI. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), the key enzymes involved in the production of PGE2 and LTB4, were elevated in the lesioned spinal cord tissue, validated by both western blot and immunofluorecnce. The spatial-temporal changes of COX-2 and 5-LOX mainly occurs in neurons both in epicenter and rostral and caudal spinal cord segments after SCI. Our study sheds light on the dynamic microenvironment changes in acute SCI by characterizing the profile of AA metabolism. The COX-2 and 5-LOX may be promising therapeutic target for SCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Pang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, International Chinese Musculoskeletal Research Society Collaborating Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinjie Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, International Chinese Musculoskeletal Research Society Collaborating Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin, China
| | - Chenxi Zhao
- Orthopedic Research Center of Shandong University & Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xuelian Shi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, International Chinese Musculoskeletal Research Society Collaborating Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin, China
| | - Tiangang Zhou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, International Chinese Musculoskeletal Research Society Collaborating Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin, China
| | - Haoning Xiong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, International Chinese Musculoskeletal Research Society Collaborating Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, International Chinese Musculoskeletal Research Society Collaborating Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhao
- Orthopedic Research Center of Shandong University & Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xingjian Yang
- Department of Biology, Grinnell College, Grinnell, IA, USA
| | - Guangzhi Ning
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, International Chinese Musculoskeletal Research Society Collaborating Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shiqing Feng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, International Chinese Musculoskeletal Research Society Collaborating Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin, China; Orthopedic Research Center of Shandong University & Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Xue Yao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, International Chinese Musculoskeletal Research Society Collaborating Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin, China; Orthopedic Research Center of Shandong University & Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Giolo FP, Santos GS, Pacheco VF, Huber SC, Malange KF, Rodrigues BL, Bassora F, Mosaner T, Azzini G, Ribeiro LL, Parada CA, Lana JFSD. Photobiomodulation therapy for osteoarthritis: Mechanisms of action. World J Transl Med 2022; 10:29-42. [DOI: 10.5528/wjtm.v10.i3.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Photobiomodulation (PBM) is a non-invasive therapeutic modality with demonstrated effects in many fields related to regenerative medicine. In the field of orthopedics, in particular, PBM at various wavelengths has demonstrated the capacity to trigger multiple biological effects associated with protective mechanisms in musculoskeletal tissues. The articles cited in this review show that devices operating close to or within the near infrared range at low intensities can provoke responses which favor the shift in the predominant catabolic microenvironment typically seen in degenerative joint diseases, especially osteoarthritis (OA). These responses include proliferation, differentiation and expression of proteins associated with stable cell cycles. Additionally, PBM can also modulate oxidative stress, inflammation and pain by exerting regulatory effects on immune cells and blocking the transmission of pain through sensory neuron fibers, without adverse events. Collectively, these effects are essential in order to control the progression of OA, which is in part attributed to exacerbated inflammation and degradative enzymatic reactions which gradually contribute to the destruction of joint tissues. PBM may offer medical experts ease of application, financial viability, efficacy and lack of serious adverse events. Therefore, it may prove to be a suitable ally in the management of mild to moderate degrees of OA. This review explores and discusses the principal biological mechanisms of PBM and how the produced effects may contribute to the amelioration of osteoarthritic progression. Literature was reviewed using PubMed and Google Scholar in order to find studies describing the mechanisms of PBM. The investigation included a combination of nomenclature such as: “photobiomodulation”, “phototherapy”, “laser therapy”, “PBM”, “osteoarthritis”, low level light therapy”, “inflammation” and “cartilage”. We considered only articles written in English, with access to the full text.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Pericinoto Giolo
- Department of Physical Therapy, Brazilian Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Indaiatuba 13334-170, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Silva Santos
- Biomedical Science, Brazilian Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Indaiatuba 13334-170, Brazil
| | - Victor Fontes Pacheco
- Department of Orthopedics, Brazilian Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Indaiatuba 13334-170, Brazil
| | - Stephany Cares Huber
- Biomedical Science, Brazilian Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Indaiatuba 13334-170, Brazil
| | - Kaue Franco Malange
- Neurobiology of Pain and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Bruno Lima Rodrigues
- Biomedical Science, Brazilian Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Indaiatuba 13334-170, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Bassora
- Department of Hematology, The University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-878, Brazil
| | - Tomas Mosaner
- Department of Orthopedics, Brazilian Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Indaiatuba 13334-170, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Azzini
- Department of Orthopedics, Brazilian Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Indaiatuba 13334-170, Brazil
| | - Lucas Leite Ribeiro
- Department of Orthopedics, Brazilian Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Indaiatuba 13334-170, Brazil
| | - Carlos Amilcar Parada
- Neurobiology of Pain and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Herman KD, Wright CG, Marriott HM, McCaughran SC, Bowden KA, Collins MO, Renshaw SA, Prince LR. The EGFR/ErbB inhibitor neratinib modifies the neutrophil phosphoproteome and promotes apoptosis and clearance by airway macrophages. Front Immunol 2022; 13:956991. [PMID: 35967296 PMCID: PMC9371615 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.956991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated neutrophilic inflammation can be highly destructive in chronic inflammatory diseases due to prolonged neutrophil lifespan and continual release of histotoxic mediators in inflamed tissues. Therapeutic induction of neutrophil apoptosis, an immunologically silent form of cell death, may be beneficial in these diseases, provided that the apoptotic neutrophils are efficiently cleared from the tissue. Previous research in our group identified ErbB inhibitors as able to induce neutrophil apoptosis and reduce neutrophilic inflammation both in vitro and in vivo. Here, we extend that work using a clinical ErbB inhibitor, neratinib, which has the potential to be repurposed in inflammatory diseases. We show that neratinib reduces neutrophilic migration o an inflammatory site in zebrafish larvae. Neratinib upregulates efferocytosis and reduces the number of persisting neutrophil corpses in mouse models of acute, but not chronic, lung injury, suggesting that the drug may have therapeutic benefits in acute inflammatory settings. Phosphoproteomic analysis of human neutrophils shows that neratinib modifies the phosphorylation of proteins regulating apoptosis, migration, and efferocytosis. This work identifies a potential mechanism for neratinib in treating acute lung inflammation by upregulating the clearance of dead neutrophils and, through examination of the neutrophil phosphoproteome, provides important insights into the mechanisms by which this may be occurring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly D. Herman
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, The Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease and The Bateson Centre, The Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Carl G. Wright
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, The Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Helen M. Marriott
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, The Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Sam C. McCaughran
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, The Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Kieran A. Bowden
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, The Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Mark O. Collins
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen A. Renshaw
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, The Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease and The Bateson Centre, The Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Lynne R. Prince
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, The Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
He X, Li Y, Deng B, Lin A, Zhang G, Ma M, Wang Y, Yang Y, Kang X. The PI3K/AKT signalling pathway in inflammation, cell death and glial scar formation after traumatic spinal cord injury: Mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities. Cell Prolif 2022; 55:e13275. [PMID: 35754255 PMCID: PMC9436900 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objects Traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) causes neurological dysfunction below the injured segment of the spinal cord, which significantly impacts the quality of life in affected patients. The phosphoinositide 3kinase/serine‐threonine kinase (PI3K/AKT) signaling pathway offers a potential therapeutic target for the inhibition of secondary TSCI. This review summarizes updates concerning the role of the PI3K/AKT pathway in TSCI. Materials and Methods By searching articles related to the TSCI field and the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, we summarized the mechanisms of secondary TSCI and the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway; we also discuss current and potential future treatment methods for TSCI based on the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Results Early apoptosis and autophagy after TSCI protect the body against injury; a prolonged inflammatory response leads to the accumulation of pro‐inflammatory factors and excessive apoptosis, as well as excessive autophagy in the surrounding normal nerve cells, thus aggravating TSCI in the subacute stage of secondary injury. Initial glial scar formation in the subacute phase is a protective mechanism for TSCI, which limits the spread of damage and inflammation. However, mature scar tissue in the chronic phase hinders axon regeneration and prevents the recovery of nerve function. Activation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway can inhibit the inflammatory response and apoptosis in the subacute phase after secondary TSCI; inhibiting this pathway in the chronic phase can reduce the formation of glial scar. Conclusion The PI3K/AKT signaling pathway has an important role in the recovery of spinal cord function after secondary injury. Inducing the activation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in the subacute phase of secondary injury and inhibiting this pathway in the chronic phase may be one of the potential strategies for the treatment of TSCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuegang He
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,The International Cooperation Base of Gansu Province for the Pain Research in Spinal Disorders, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ying Li
- Medical School of Yan'an University, Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Bo Deng
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Aixin Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,The International Cooperation Base of Gansu Province for the Pain Research in Spinal Disorders, Lanzhou, China
| | - Guangzhi Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,The International Cooperation Base of Gansu Province for the Pain Research in Spinal Disorders, Lanzhou, China
| | - Miao Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yonggang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,The International Cooperation Base of Gansu Province for the Pain Research in Spinal Disorders, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,The International Cooperation Base of Gansu Province for the Pain Research in Spinal Disorders, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xuewen Kang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,The International Cooperation Base of Gansu Province for the Pain Research in Spinal Disorders, Lanzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wang H, Xia Y, Li B, Li Y, Fu C. Reverse Adverse Immune Microenvironments by Biomaterials Enhance the Repair of Spinal Cord Injury. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:812340. [PMID: 35646849 PMCID: PMC9136098 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.812340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe and traumatic disorder that ultimately results in the loss of motor, sensory, and autonomic nervous function. After SCI, local immune inflammatory response persists and does not weaken or disappear. The interference of local adverse immune factors after SCI brings great challenges to the repair of SCI. Among them, microglia, macrophages, neutrophils, lymphocytes, astrocytes, and the release of various cytokines, as well as the destruction of the extracellular matrix are mainly involved in the imbalance of the immune microenvironment. Studies have shown that immune remodeling after SCI significantly affects the survival and differentiation of stem cells after transplantation and the prognosis of SCI. Recently, immunological reconstruction strategies based on biomaterials have been widely explored and achieved good results. In this review, we discuss the important factors leading to immune dysfunction after SCI, such as immune cells, cytokines, and the destruction of the extracellular matrix. Additionally, the immunomodulatory strategies based on biomaterials are summarized, and the clinical application prospects of these immune reconstructs are evaluated.
Collapse
|
22
|
Role of NETosis in Central Nervous System Injury. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:3235524. [PMID: 35028005 PMCID: PMC8752220 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3235524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) injury is divided into brain injury and spinal cord injury and remains the most common cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Previous reviews have defined numerous inflammatory cells involved in this process. In the human body, neutrophils comprise the largest numbers of myeloid leukocytes. Activated neutrophils release extracellular web-like DNA amended with antimicrobial proteins called neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). The formation of NETs was demonstrated as a new method of cell death called NETosis. As the first line of defence against injury, neutrophils mediate a variety of adverse reactions in the early stage, and we consider that NETs may be the prominent mediators of CNS injury. Therefore, exploring the specific role of NETs in CNS injury may help us shed some light on early changes in the disease. Simultaneously, we discovered that there is a link between NETosis and other cell death pathways by browsing other research, which is helpful for us to establish crossroads between known cell death pathways. Currently, there is a large amount of research concerning NETosis in various diseases, but the role of NETosis in CNS injury remains unknown. Therefore, this review will introduce the role of NETosis in CNS injury, including traumatic brain injury, cerebral ischaemia, CNS infection, Alzheimer's disease, and spinal cord injury, by describing the mechanism of NETosis, the evidence of NETosis in CNS injury, and the link between NETosis and other cell death pathways. Furthermore, we also discuss some agents that inhibit NETosis as therapies to alleviate the severity of CNS injury. NETosis may be a potential target for the treatment of CNS injury, so exploring NETosis provides a feasible therapeutic option for CNS injury in the future.
Collapse
|
23
|
Park CS, Lee JY, Choi HY, Yune TY. Suppression of TRPM7 by carvacrol protects against injured spinal cord by inhibiting blood-spinal cord barrier disruption. J Neurotrauma 2022; 39:735-749. [PMID: 35171694 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2021.0338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
When the blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) is disrupted after a spinal cord injury (SCI), several pathophysiological cascades occur, including inflammation and apoptotic cell death of neurons and oligodendrocytes, resulting in permanent neurological deficits. Transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (TRPM7) is involved in the pathological processes in many neuronal diseases, including traumatic brain injury, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, parkinsonism dementia, and Alzheimer's disease. Furthermore, carvacrol (CAR), a TRPM7 inhibitor, is known to protect against SCI by reducing oxidative stress and inhibiting the endothelial nitric oxide synthase pathway. However, the functions of TRPM7 in the regulation of BSCB homeostasis after SCI have not been examined. Here, we demonstrated that TRPM7, a calcium-mediated non-selective divalent cation channel, plays a critical role after SCI in rats. Rats were contused at T9 and given CAR (50 mg/kg) via intraperitoneally immediately and 12 hours after SCI, and then given the same dose once a day for 7 days. TRPM7 was found to be up-regulated after SCI in both in vitro and in vivo studies, and it was expressed in blood vessels alongside neurons and oligodendrocytes. Additionally, CAR treatment suppressed BSCB disruption by inhibiting the loss of TJ proteins and preserved TJ integrity. CAR also reduced apoptotic cell death and improved functional recovery after SCI by preventing BSCB disruption caused by blood infiltration and inflammatory responses. Based on these findings, we propose that blocking the TRPM7 channel can inhibit the destruction of the BSCB and it is a potential target in therapeutic drug development for use in SCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chan S Park
- Kyung Hee University, 26723, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of);
| | - Jee Youn Lee
- Kyung Hee University, 26723, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of);
| | - Hye Y Choi
- Kyung Hee University, 26723, Age-Related and Brain Diseases Research Center, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of);
| | - Tae Y Yune
- Kyung Hee University, 26723, Age-Related and Brain Diseases Research Center, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of);
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Howe CL, LaFrance-Corey RG, Overlee BL, Johnson RK, Clarkson BDS, Goddery EN. Inflammatory monocytes and microglia play independent roles in inflammatory ictogenesis. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:22. [PMID: 35093106 PMCID: PMC8800194 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02394-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenic contribution of neuroinflammation to ictogenesis and epilepsy may provide a therapeutic target for reduction of seizure burden in patients that are currently underserved by traditional anti-seizure medications. The Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) model has provided important insights into the role of inflammation in ictogenesis, but questions remain regarding the relative contribution of microglia and inflammatory monocytes in this model. METHODS Female C57BL/6 mice were inoculated by intracranial injection of 2 × 105, 5 × 104, 1.25 × 104, or 3.125 × 103 plaque-forming units (PFU) of the Daniel's strain of TMEV at 4-6 weeks of age. Infiltration of inflammatory monocytes, microglial activation, and cytokine production were measured at 24 h post-infection (hpi). Viral load, hippocampal injury, cognitive performance, and seizure burden were assessed at several timepoints. RESULTS The intensity of inflammatory infiltration and the extent of hippocampal injury induced during TMEV encephalitis scaled with the amount of infectious virus in the initial inoculum. Cognitive performance was preserved in mice inoculated with 1.25 × 104 PFU TMEV relative to 2 × 105 PFU TMEV, but peak viral load at 72 hpi was equivalent between the inocula. CCL2 production in the brain was attenuated by 90% and TNFα and IL6 production was absent in mice inoculated with 1.25 × 104 PFU TMEV. Acute infiltration of inflammatory monocytes was attenuated by more than 80% in mice inoculated with 1.25 × 104 PFU TMEV relative to 2 × 105 PFU TMEV but microglial activation was equivalent between groups. Seizure burden was attenuated and the threshold to kainic acid-induced seizures was higher in mice inoculated with 1.25 × 104 PFU TMEV but low-level behavioral seizures persisted and the EEG exhibited reduced but detectable abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS The size of the inflammatory monocyte response induced by TMEV scales with the amount of infectious virus in the initial inoculum, despite the development of equivalent peak infectious viral load. In contrast, the microglial response does not scale with the inoculum, as microglial hyper-ramification and increased Iba-1 expression were evident in mice inoculated with either 1.25 × 104 or 2 × 105 PFU TMEV. Inoculation conditions that drive inflammatory monocyte infiltration resulted in robust behavioral seizures and EEG abnormalities, but the low inoculum condition, associated with only microglial activation, drove a more subtle seizure and EEG phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles L Howe
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
- Division of Experimental Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
- Translational Neuroimmunology Lab, Mayo Clinic, Guggenheim 1542C, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
- Center for MS and Autoimmune Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| | | | - Brittany L Overlee
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Translational Neuroimmunology Lab, Mayo Clinic, Guggenheim 1542C, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Renee K Johnson
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Translational Neuroimmunology Lab, Mayo Clinic, Guggenheim 1542C, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Benjamin D S Clarkson
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Translational Neuroimmunology Lab, Mayo Clinic, Guggenheim 1542C, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Center for MS and Autoimmune Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Emma N Goddery
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Moderna, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Van Sandt RL, Welsh CJ, Jeffery ND, Young CR, McCreedy DA, Wright GA, Boudreau CE, Levine GJ, Levine JM. Circulating neutrophil activation in dogs with naturally occurring spinal cord injury secondary to intervertebral disk herniation. Am J Vet Res 2022; 83:324-330. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.21.05.0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the time course of circulating neutrophil priming and activity in dogs with spinal cord injury secondary to intervertebral disk herniation that undergo decompressive surgery.
ANIMALS
9 dogs with spinal cord injury and 9 healthy dogs (controls).
PROCEDURES
For dogs with spinal cord injury, blood samples were collected on the day of hospital admission and 3, 7, 30, and 90 days after injury and decompressive surgery. A single blood sample was collected from the control dogs. Flow cytometry analysis was performed on isolated neutrophils incubated with antibody against CD11b and nonfluorescent dihydrorhodamine 123, which was converted to fluorescent rhodamine 123 to measure oxidative burst activity.
RESULTS
Expression of CD11b was increased in dogs with spinal cord injury 3 days after injury and decompressive surgery, relative to day 7 expression. Neutrophils expressed high oxidative burst activity both 3 and 7 days after injury and decompressive surgery, compared with activity in healthy dogs.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
For dogs with spinal cord injury, high CD11b expression 3 days after injury and decompressive surgery was consistent with findings for rodents with experimentally induced spinal cord injury. However, the high oxidative burst activity 3 and 7 days after injury and decompressive surgery was not consistent with data from other species, and additional studies on inflammatory events in dogs with naturally occurring spinal cord injury are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rae L. Van Sandt
- 1Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
- 2Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - C. Jane Welsh
- 2Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Nick D. Jeffery
- 1Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Colin R. Young
- 2Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Dylan A. McCreedy
- 3Department of Biology, College of Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Gus A. Wright
- 4Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
- 5Flow Cytometry Facility, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - C. Elizabeth Boudreau
- 1Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Gwendolyn J. Levine
- 4Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Jonathan M. Levine
- 1Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Salvador AFM, Kipnis J. Immune response after central nervous system injury. Semin Immunol 2022; 59:101629. [PMID: 35753867 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2022.101629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic injuries of the central nervous system (CNS) affect millions of people worldwide, and they can lead to severely damaging consequences such as permanent disability and paralysis. Multiple factors can obstruct recovery after CNS injury. One of the most significant is the progressive neuronal death that follows the initial mechanical impact, leading to the loss of undamaged cells via a process termed secondary neurodegeneration. Efforts to define treatments that limit the spread of damage, while important, have been largely ineffectual owing to gaps in the mechanistic understanding that underlies the persisting neuronal cell death. Inflammation, with its influx of immune cells that occurs shortly after injury, has been associated with secondary neurodegeneration. However, the role of the immune system after CNS injury is far more complex. Studies have indicated that the immune response after CNS injury is detrimental, owing to immune cell-produced factors (e.g., pro-inflammatory cytokines, free radicals, neurotoxic glutamate) that worsen tissue damage. Our lab and others have also demonstrated the beneficial immune response that occurs after CNS injury, with the release of growth factors such as brain-derived growth factor (BDNF) and interleukin (IL-10) and the clearance of apoptotic and myelin debris by immune cells1-4. In this review, we first discuss the multifaceted roles of the immune system after CNS injury. We then speculate on how advancements in single-cell RNA technologies can dramatically change our understanding of the immune response, how the spinal cord meninges serve as an important site for hosting immunological processes critical for recovery, and how the origin of peripherally recruited immune cells impacts their function in the injured CNS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Francesca M Salvador
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
| | - Jonathan Kipnis
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
McCreedy DA, Abram CL, Hu Y, Min SW, Platt ME, Kirchhoff MA, Reid SK, Jalufka FL, Lowell CA. Spleen tyrosine kinase facilitates neutrophil activation and worsens long-term neurologic deficits after spinal cord injury. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:302. [PMID: 34952603 PMCID: PMC8705173 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02353-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Spinal cord injury elicits widespread inflammation that can exacerbate long-term neurologic deficits. Neutrophils are the most abundant immune cell type to invade the spinal cord in the early acute phase after injury, however, their role in secondary pathogenesis and functional recovery remains unclear. We have previously shown that neutrophil functional responses during inflammation are augmented by spleen tyrosine kinase, Syk, a prominent intracellular signaling enzyme. In this study, we evaluated the contribution of Syk towards neutrophil function and long-term neurologic deficits after spinal cord injury. Methods Contusive spinal cord injury was performed at thoracic vertebra level 9 in mice with conditional deletion of Syk in neutrophils (Sykf/fMRP8-Cre). Hindlimb locomotor recovery was evaluated using an open-field test for 35 days following spinal cord injury. Long-term white matter sparing was assessed using eriochrome cyanide staining. Blood-spinal cord barrier disruption was evaluated by immunoblotting. Neutrophil infiltration, activation, effector functions, and cell death were determined by flow cytometry. Cytokine and chemokine expression in neutrophils was assessed using a gene array. Results Syk deficiency in neutrophils improved long-term functional recovery after spinal cord injury, but did not promote long-term white matter sparing. Neutrophil activation, cytokine expression, and cell death in the acutely injured spinal cord were attenuated by the genetic loss of Syk while neutrophil infiltration and effector functions were not affected. Acute blood-spinal cord barrier disruption was also unaffected by Syk deficiency in neutrophils. Conclusions Syk facilitates specific neutrophil functional responses to spinal cord injury including activation, cytokine expression, and cell death. Long-term neurologic deficits are exacerbated by Syk signaling in neutrophils independent of acute blood-spinal cord barrier disruption and long-term white matter sparing. These findings implicate Syk in pathogenic neutrophil activities that worsen long-term functional recovery after spinal cord injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dylan A McCreedy
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, 301 Old Main Dr, ILSB 3128, College Station, TX, 77843, USA. .,Texas A&M Institute for Neuroscience, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA. .,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Immunology Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
| | - Clare L Abram
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Immunology Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Yongmei Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Immunology Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Sun Won Min
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, 301 Old Main Dr, ILSB 3128, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Madison E Platt
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, 301 Old Main Dr, ILSB 3128, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Megan A Kirchhoff
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, 301 Old Main Dr, ILSB 3128, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Shelby K Reid
- Texas A&M Institute for Neuroscience, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Frank L Jalufka
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, 301 Old Main Dr, ILSB 3128, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Clifford A Lowell
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Immunology Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Cheng J, Hao J, Jiang X, Ji J, Wu T, Chen X, Zhang F. Ameliorative effects of miR-423-5p against polarization of microglial cells of the M1 phenotype by targeting a NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 99:108006. [PMID: 34339965 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes sensation and motion dysfunction. Activation of microglial cells (MCs) in the central nervous system (CNS) is heterogeneous. Heterogeneous types of MCs can produce cytotoxic or neuroprotective effects, secrete proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory factors. The cytotoxic effect of MCs is one of the reasons for secondary damage after SCI. The NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a protein that can recognize pathogen-related molecular patterns or host-derived danger signal molecules, responses to microbial infection, and sterile stressors. SCI triggers activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in the CNS. We investigated the interaction between miR-423-5p and NLRP3 in MCs polarization after SCI. A rat model of SCI was established by a modified version of Allen's method. Spinal samples were adopted for preparation and sequencing of RNA. We screenedapromising microRNA (miR-423-5p) according to the results. Then, we found that NLRP3 was one of the prediction targets of miR-423-5p. By intervening in expression of miR-423-5p and NLRP3, we observed the different polarization of MCs. We employeda dual-luciferase reporter study, proteomics, and transcriptomicsto ascertain the direct targeting relationship between miR-423-5p and NLRP3. MiR-423-5p expression was decreased significantly after SCI in vivo and in vitro. Upregulation of miR-423-5p expression could prevent MCs from lipopolysaccharide-induced M1 polarization. Knockdown of NLRP3 expression could prevent MCs from lipopolysaccharide-induced M1 polarization. MiR-423-5p inhibited MCs polarization to the M1 phenotype by targeting NLRP3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Cheng
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226001, China; Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Hao
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226001, China
| | - Xingjie Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226001, China
| | - Jiawei Ji
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226001, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226001, China
| | - Xiaoqing Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226001, China.
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Neutrophil, Extracellular Matrix Components, and Their Interlinked Action in Promoting Secondary Pathogenesis After Spinal Cord Injury. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:4652-4665. [PMID: 34159551 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02443-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Secondary pathogenesis following primary mechanical damage to the spinal cord is believed to be the ultimate reason for the limitation of currently available therapies. Precisely, the complex cascade of secondary events-mediated scar formation is the sole hurdle in the recovery process due to its inhibitory effect on axonal regeneration, plasticity, and remyelination. Neutrophils initiate this secondary injury along with other extracellular matrix components such as matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs), and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs). Together, they mediate inflammation, necrosis, apoptosis, lesion, and scar formation at the injury site. Activated neutrophil releases several proteases, cytokines, and chemokines that cause complete tissue destruction. Thus, neutrophil activation and infiltration in the acute phase of injury act as a roadmap for inducing tissue destruction. MMPs, are extracellular proteolytic enzymes that degrade the ECM proteins, increases vascular permeability, and are predominantly released by neutrophils. These MMPs, in turn, cleave NG2 proteoglycan, a subtype of CSPG, into the active form. This active or shed form is involved in both the fibrotic as well as glial scar formation. Since neutrophils and ECM components are closely associated with each other in pathological conditions. Herein, we emphasize the interaction of neutrophils and their influence on ECM protein expression during the acute and chronic phases to identify a promising targets for designing a therapeutic approach in spinal cord injury.
Collapse
|
30
|
Involvement of Microglia in the Pathophysiology of Intracranial Aneurysms and Vascular Malformations-A Short Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116141. [PMID: 34200256 PMCID: PMC8201350 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aneurysms and vascular malformations of the brain represent an important source of intracranial hemorrhage and subsequent mortality and morbidity. We are only beginning to discern the involvement of microglia, the resident immune cell of the central nervous system, in these pathologies and their outcomes. Recent evidence suggests that activated proinflammatory microglia are implicated in the expansion of brain injury following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in both the acute and chronic phases, being also a main actor in vasospasm, considerably the most severe complication of SAH. On the other hand, anti-inflammatory microglia may be involved in the resolution of cerebral injury and hemorrhage. These immune cells have also been observed in high numbers in brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVM) and cerebral cavernomas (CCM), although their roles in these lesions are currently incompletely ascertained. The following review aims to shed a light on the most significant findings related to microglia and their roles in intracranial aneurysms and vascular malformations, as well as possibly establish the course for future research.
Collapse
|
31
|
Leukotriene B 4 Receptors Are Necessary for the Stimulation of NLRP3 Inflammasome and IL-1β Synthesis in Neutrophil-Dominant Asthmatic Airway Inflammation. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9050535. [PMID: 34064821 PMCID: PMC8151312 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9050535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The stimulation of the NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and IL-1β synthesis are associated with chronic respiratory diseases such as neutrophil-dominant severe asthma. Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is a principal chemoattractant molecule for neutrophil recruitment, and its receptors BLT1 and BLT2 have been suggested to contribute to neutrophil-dominant asthmatic airway inflammation. However, the relationship between BLT1/2 and NLRP3 in neutrophil-dominant asthmatic airway inflammation has not been previously studied. In the present study, we investigated whether BLT1/2 play any roles in stimulating the NLRP3 inflammasome and IL-1βsynthesis. The blockade of BLT1 or BLT2 clearly suppressed the stimulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and IL-1β synthesis in house dust mite (HDM)/lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neutrophilic airway inflammation. The enzymes 5-lipoxygenase and 12-lipoxygenase, which catalyze the synthesis of BLT1/2 ligands [LTB4, 12(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12(S)-HETE), and 12-hydroxyheptadecatreinoic acid (12-HHT)], were also critically associated with the stimulation of NLRP3 and IL-1β synthesis. Together, our results suggest that the 5-/12-LOX-BLT1/2-linked cascade are necessary for the simulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and IL-1β synthesis, thus contributing to HDM/LPS-induced neutrophil-dominant airway inflammation.
Collapse
|
32
|
Kang KR, Kim J, Ryu B, Lee SG, Oh MS, Baek J, Ren X, Canavero S, Kim CY, Chung HM. BAPTA, a calcium chelator, neuroprotects injured neurons in vitro and promotes motor recovery after spinal cord transection in vivo. CNS Neurosci Ther 2021; 27:919-929. [PMID: 33942993 PMCID: PMC8265943 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Despite animal evidence of a role of calcium in the pathogenesis of spinal cord injury, several studies conducted in the past found calcium blockade ineffective. However, those studies involved oral or parenteral administration of Ca++ antagonists. We hypothesized that Ca++ blockade might be effective with local/immediate application (LIA) at the time of neural injury. Methods In this study, we assessed the effects of LIA of BAPTA (1,2‐bis (o‐aminophenoxy) ethane‐N, N, N′, N'‐tetraacetic acid), a cell‐permeable highly selective Ca++ chelator, after spinal cord transection (SCT) in mice over 4 weeks. Effects of BAPTA were assessed behaviorally and with immunohistochemistry. Concurrently, BAPTA was submitted for the first time to multimodality assessment in an in vitro model of neural damage as a possible spinal neuroprotectant. Results We demonstrate that BAPTA alleviates neuronal apoptosis caused by physical damage by inhibition of neuronal apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. This translates to enhanced preservation of electrophysiological function and superior behavioral recovery. Conclusion This study shows for the first time that local/immediate application of Ca++ chelator BAPTA is strongly neuroprotective after severe spinal cord injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyu-Ree Kang
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Kim
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bokyeong Ryu
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seul-Gi Lee
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-Seok Oh
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jieun Baek
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Xiaoping Ren
- Department of Orthopedics, Ruikang Hospital, Nanning, China.,GICUP-Global Initiative to Cure Paralysis, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Sergio Canavero
- GICUP-Global Initiative to Cure Paralysis, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,HEAVEN/GEMINI International Collaborative Group, Turin, Italy
| | - C-Yoon Kim
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea.,GICUP-Global Initiative to Cure Paralysis, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyung Min Chung
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
David S, López-Vales R. Bioactive Lipid Mediators in the Initiation and Resolution of Inflammation after Spinal Cord Injury. Neuroscience 2021; 466:273-297. [PMID: 33951502 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a prominent feature of the response to CNS trauma. It is also an important hallmark of various neurodegenerative diseases in which inflammation contributes to the progression of pathology. Inflammation in the CNS can contribute to secondary damage and is therefore an excellent therapeutic target for a range of neurological conditions. Inflammation in the nervous system is complex and varies in its fine details in different conditions. It involves a wide variety of secreted factors such as chemokines and cytokines, cell adhesion molecules, and different cell types that include resident cell of the CNS, as well as immune cells recruited from the peripheral circulation. Added to this complexity is the fact that some aspects of inflammation are beneficial, while other aspects can induce secondary damage in the acute, subacute and chronic phases. Understanding these aspects of the inflammatory profile is essential for developing effective therapies. Bioactive lipids constitute a large group of molecules that modulate the initiation and the resolution of inflammation. Dysregulation of these bioactive lipid pathways can lead to excessive acute inflammation, and failure to resolve this by specialized pro-resolution lipid mediators can lead to the development of chronic inflammation. The focus of this review is to discuss the effects of bioactive lipids in spinal cord trauma and their potential for therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel David
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, BRaIN Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 1650 Cedar Avenue, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1A4, Canada.
| | - Rubén López-Vales
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Inmunologia, Institut de Neurociències, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Li H, Wang Y, Wang B, Li M, Liu J, Yang H, Shi Y. Baicalin and Geniposide Inhibit Polarization and Inflammatory Injury of OGD/R-Treated Microglia by Suppressing the 5-LOX/LTB4 Pathway. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:1844-1858. [PMID: 33891262 PMCID: PMC8187209 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03305-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia causes severe neurological disorders and neuronal dysfunction. Baicalin (BC), geniposide (GP), and their combination (BC/GP) have been shown to inhibit post-ischemic inflammatory injury by inhibiting the 5-LOX/CysLTs pathway. The aims of this study were to observe the inhibitory effects of BC/GP on the activation of microglial cells induced by oxygen glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R) and to investigate whether the 5-LOX/LTB4 pathway was involved in these effects. Molecular docking showed that BC and GP exhibited considerable binding activity with LTB4 synthase LTA4H. BV-2 microglia were transfected with a 5-LOX overexpression lentiviral vector, and then OGD/R was performed. The effects of different concentrations of BC, GP, and BC/GP (6.25 μM, 12.5 μM, and 25 μM) on cell viability and apoptosis of microglia were evaluated by MTT and flow cytometry. The expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, NF-κB, and pNF-κB also was measured by ELISA, Western blots and immunofluorescence. Western blots and qRT-PCR analysis were used to determine the levels of CD11b, CD206, and 5-LOX pathway proteins. Results showed that BC, GP, and BC/GP reduced the apoptosis caused by OGD/R in a dose-dependent manner, and cell viability was significantly increased at a concentration of 12.5 μM. OGD/R significantly increased the release of TNF-α, IL-1β, NF-κB, pNF-κB, and CD11b. These effects were suppressed by BC, GP, and BC/GP, and the OGD/R-induced transfer of NF-κB p65 from the ctytoplasm to the nucleus was inhibited in microglia. Interestingly, the LTB4 inhibitor, U75302, exhibited the same effect. Also, BC, GP, and BC/GP significantly reduced the expression of 5-LOX pathway proteins. These results demonstrated that BC/GP inhibited OGD/R-induced polarization in BV2 microglia by regulating the 5-LOX/LTB4 signaling pathways and attenuating the inflammatory response. Our results supported the theoretical basis for additional in-depth study of the function of BC/GP and the value of determining its unique target, which might provide a new therapeutic strategy for ischemic cerebrovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- HuiMin Li
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Mechanism and Material Basis of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Mechanism and Material Basis of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Mechanism and Material Basis of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China.
| | - Min Li
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Mechanism and Material Basis of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - JiPing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Mechanism and Material Basis of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - HongLian Yang
- Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - YongHeng Shi
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Mechanism and Material Basis of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Zivkovic S, Ayazi M, Hammel G, Ren Y. For Better or for Worse: A Look Into Neutrophils in Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:648076. [PMID: 33967695 PMCID: PMC8100532 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.648076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are short-lived cells of the innate immune system and the first line of defense at the site of an infection and tissue injury. Pattern recognition receptors on neutrophils recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns or danger-associated molecular patterns, which recruit them to the destined site. Neutrophils are professional phagocytes with efficient granular constituents that aid in the neutralization of pathogens. In addition to phagocytosis and degranulation, neutrophils are proficient in creating neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) that immobilize pathogens to prevent their spread. Because of the cytotoxicity of the associated granular proteins within NETs, the microbes can be directly killed once immobilized by the NETs. The role of neutrophils in infection is well studied; however, there is less emphasis placed on the role of neutrophils in tissue injury, such as traumatic spinal cord injury. Upon the initial mechanical injury, the innate immune system is activated in response to the molecules produced by the resident cells of the injured spinal cord initiating the inflammatory cascade. This review provides an overview of the essential role of neutrophils and explores the contribution of neutrophils to the pathologic changes in the injured spinal cord.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Zivkovic
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Maryam Ayazi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Grace Hammel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Yi Ren
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Aschauer-Wallner S, Leis S, Bogdahn U, Johannesen S, Couillard-Despres S, Aigner L. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in traumatic spinal cord injury. Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:1642-1655. [PMID: 33781952 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a cytokine used in pharmaceutical preparations for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia. Evidence from experimental studies indicates that G-CSF exerts relevant activities in the central nervous system (CNS) in particular after lesions. In acute, subacute, and chronic CNS lesions, G-CSF appears to have strong anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, antioxidative, myelin-protective, and axon-regenerative activities. Additional effects result in the stimulation of angiogenesis and neurogenesis as well as in bone marrow stem cell mobilization to the CNS. There are emerging preclinical and clinical data indicating that G-CSF is a safe and effective drug for the treatment of acute and chronic traumatic spinal cord injury (tSCI), which we summarize in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Aschauer-Wallner
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Stefan Leis
- Department of Neurology, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Ulrich Bogdahn
- Velvio GmbH, Regensburg, Germany; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Siw Johannesen
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Department of Neurology, BG Trauma Center Murnau, Murnau, Germany
| | - Sebastien Couillard-Despres
- Institute of Experimental Neuroregeneration, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ludwig Aigner
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Bannerman CA, Douchant K, Sheth PM, Ghasemlou N. The gut-brain axis and beyond: Microbiome control of spinal cord injury pain in humans and rodents. NEUROBIOLOGY OF PAIN (CAMBRIDGE, MASS.) 2021; 9:100059. [PMID: 33426367 PMCID: PMC7779861 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynpai.2020.100059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating injury to the central nervous system in which 60 to 80% of patients experience chronic pain. Unfortunately, this pain is notoriously difficult to treat, with few effective options currently available. Patients are also commonly faced with various compounding injuries and medical challenges, often requiring frequent hospitalization and antibiotic treatment. Change in the gut microbiome from the "normal" state to one of imbalance, referred to as gut dysbiosis, has been found in both patients and rodent models following SCI. Similarities exist in the bacterial changes observed after SCI and other diseases with chronic pain as an outcome. These changes cause a shift in the regulation of inflammation, causing immune cell activation and secretion of inflammatory mediators that likely contribute to the generation/maintenance of SCI pain. Therefore, correcting gut dysbiosis may be used as a tool towards providing patients with effective pain management and improved quality of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Courtney A. Bannerman
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katya Douchant
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Gastrointestinal Disease Research Unit, Kingston Health Sciences Center, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Prameet M. Sheth
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Microbiology, Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Gastrointestinal Disease Research Unit, Kingston Health Sciences Center, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nader Ghasemlou
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
NIMA-related kinase 7 amplifies NLRP3 inflammasome pro-inflammatory signaling in microglia/macrophages and mice models of spinal cord injury. Exp Cell Res 2020; 398:112418. [PMID: 33309808 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND NIMA-related kinase-7 (NEK7) is a serine/threonine kinase that drives cell-cycle dynamics by modulating mitotic spindle formation and cytokinesis. It is also a crucial modulator of the pro-inflammatory effects of NOD-like receptor 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. However, the role of NEK7 in microglia/macrophages post-spinal cord injury (SCI) is not well defined. METHODS In this study, we performed both in vivo and in vitro experiments. Using an in vivo mouse SCI model, NEK7 siRNAs were administered intraspinally. For in vitro analysis, BV-2 microglia cells with NEK7-siRNA were stimulated with 1 μg/ml lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and 2 mM Adenosine triphosphate (ATP). RESULTS Here, we found that the mRNA and protein levels of NEK7 and NLRP3 inflammasomes were upregulated in spinal cord tissues of injured mice and BV-2 microglia cells exposed to Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and Adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Further experiments established that NEK7 and NLRP3 interacted in BV-2 microglia cells, an effect that was eliminated following NEK7 ablation. Moreover, NEK7 ablation suppressed the activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes. Although NEK7 inhibition did not significantly improve motor function post-SCI in mice, it was found to attenuate local inflammatory response and inhibit the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in microglia/macrophages of the injured spinal cord. CONCLUSION NEK7 amplifies NLRP3 inflammasome pro-inflammatory signaling in BV-2 microglia cells and mice models of SCI. Therefore, agents targeting the NEK7/NLRP3 signaling offers great promise in the treatment of inflammatory response post-SCI.
Collapse
|
39
|
Salina ACG, Brandt SL, Klopfenstein N, Blackman A, Bazzano JMR, Sá-Nunes A, Byers-Glosson N, Brodskyn C, Tavares NM, Da Silva IBS, Medeiros AI, Serezani CH. Leukotriene B 4 licenses inflammasome activation to enhance skin host defense. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:30619-30627. [PMID: 33184178 PMCID: PMC7720147 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2002732117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The initial production of inflammatory mediators dictates host defense as well as tissue injury. Inflammasome activation is a constituent of the inflammatory response by recognizing pathogen and host-derived products and eliciting the production of IL-1β and IL-18 in addition to inducing a type of inflammatory cell death termed "pyroptosis." Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is a lipid mediator produced quickly (seconds to minutes) by phagocytes and induces chemotaxis, increases cytokine/chemokine production, and enhances antimicrobial effector functions. Whether LTB4 directly activates the inflammasome remains to be determined. Our data show that endogenously produced LTB4 is required for the expression of pro-IL-1β and enhances inflammasome assembly in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, LTB4-mediated Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) activation is required for inflammasome assembly in vivo as well for IL-1β-enhanced skin host defense. Together, these data unveil a new role for LTB4 in enhancing the expression and assembly of inflammasome components and suggest that while blocking LTB4 actions could be a promising therapeutic strategy to prevent inflammasome-mediated diseases, exogenous LTB4 can be used as an adjuvant to boost inflammasome-dependent host defense.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Guerta Salina
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Stephanie L Brandt
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202-3082
| | - Nathan Klopfenstein
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
- Vanderbilt Institute of Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Amondrea Blackman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | | | - Anderson Sá-Nunes
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Nicole Byers-Glosson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202-3082
| | - Claudia Brodskyn
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Salvador 40296-710, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alexandra I Medeiros
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil
| | - C Henrique Serezani
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232;
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
- Vanderbilt Institute of Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Bonyek-Silva I, Nunes S, Santos RL, Lima FR, Lago A, Silva J, Carvalho LP, Arruda SM, Serezani HC, Carvalho EM, Brodskyn CI, Tavares NM. Unbalanced production of LTB 4/PGE 2 driven by diabetes increases susceptibility to cutaneous leishmaniasis. Emerg Microbes Infect 2020; 9:1275-1286. [PMID: 32525457 PMCID: PMC7473187 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1773744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Poorly controlled diabetes mellitus leads to several comorbidities, including susceptibility to infections. Hyperglycemia increases phagocyte responsiveness, however immune cells from people with diabetes show inadequate antimicrobial functions. We and others have shown that aberrant production of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is detrimental to host defense in models of bacterial infection. Here, we will unveil the consequences of high glucose in the outcome of Leishmania braziliensis skin infection in people with diabetes and determine the role of LTB4 in human phagocytes. We show that diabetes leads to higher systemic levels of LTB4, IL-6 and TNF-α in cutaneous leishmaniasis. Only LTB4 correlated with blood glucose levels and healing time in diabetes comorbidity. Skin lesions of people with leishmaniasis and diabetes exhibit increased neutrophil and amastigote numbers. Monocyte-derived macrophages from these individuals showed higher L. braziliensis loads, reduced production of Reactive Oxygen Species and unbalanced LTB4/PGE2 ratio. Our data reveal a systemic inflammation driven by diabetes comorbidity in opposition to a local reduced capacity to resolve L. braziliensis infection and a worse disease outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Icaro Bonyek-Silva
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Brazil
- Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Sara Nunes
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Brazil
- Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Reinan L. Santos
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Brazil
- Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Filipe R. Lima
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Brazil
- Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - Juliana Silva
- Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Lucas P. Carvalho
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Brazil
- Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Sergio M. Arruda
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Brazil
- Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Henrique C. Serezani
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Edgar M. Carvalho
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Brazil
- Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology (INCT) in Tropical Diseases, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Claudia I. Brodskyn
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Brazil
- Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology (INCT), Institute of Investigation in Immunology (iii), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natalia M. Tavares
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Brazil
- Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology (INCT), Institute of Investigation in Immunology (iii), São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Kwak DW, Park D, Kim JH. Leukotriene B 4 receptors play critical roles in house dust mites-induced neutrophilic airway inflammation and IL-17 production. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 534:646-652. [PMID: 33256981 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Increased levels of neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were associated with asthma severity. As leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is a principal chemoattractant molecule for neutrophils, its receptors, BLT1 and BLT2, may contribute to neutrophil-dominant airway inflammation. In the present study, we established a mouse model of steroid-resistant, neutrophil-dominant airway inflammation by house dust mite (HDM)/lipopolysaccharide (LPS) sensitization and HDM challenge, and we investigated whether BLT1/BLT2 signaling was associated with the development of neutrophilic airway inflammation. Blockade of BLT1 or BLT2 significantly suppressed airway inflammation and IL-17 production in this mouse model. The 5-LO and 12-LO enzymes, which catalyze the synthesis of BLT1/BLT2 ligands, were also critically associated with neutrophil-dominant airway inflammation and the synthesis of IL-17. Collectively, our results suggest that the 5-/12-LO-BLT1/BLT2-linked cascade significantly contributes to neutrophil-dominant severe airway inflammation via IL-17 synthesis in HDM-induced neutrophilic asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Wook Kwak
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghwan Park
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hong Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Leukotriene B 4 and Its Receptor in Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis and in Human Retinal Tissues: Clinical Severity and LTB 4 Dependence of Retinal Th17 Cells. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 191:320-334. [PMID: 33159884 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nomacopan, a drug originally derived from tick saliva, has dual functions of sequestering leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and inhibiting complement component 5 (C5) activation. Nomacopan has been shown to provide therapeutic benefit in experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU). Longer acting forms of nomacopan were more efficacious in mouse EAU models, and the long-acting variant that inhibited only LTB4 was at least as effective as the long-acting variant that inhibited both C5 and LTB4, preventing structural damage to the retina and a significantly reducing effector T helper 17 cells and inflammatory macrophages. Increased levels of LTB4 and C5a (produced upon C5 activation) were detected during disease progression. Activated retinal lymphocytes were shown to express LTB4 receptors (R) in vitro and in inflamed draining lymph nodes. Levels of LTB4R-expressing active/inflammatory retinal macrophages were also increased. Within the draining lymph node CD4+ T-cell population, 30% expressed LTB4R+ following activation in vitro, whereas retinal infiltrating cells expressed LTB4R and C5aR. Validation of expression of those receptors in human uveitis and healthy tissues suggests that infiltrating cells could be targeted by inhibitors of the LTB4-LTB4 receptor 1 (BLT1) pathway as a novel therapeutic approach. This study provides novel data on intraocular LTB4 and C5a in EAU, their associated receptor expression by retinal infiltrating cells in mouse and human tissues, and in attenuating EAU via the dual inhibitor nomacopan.
Collapse
|
43
|
Zhao X, Yang L, Chang N, Hou L, Zhou X, Dong C, Liu F, Yang L, Li L. Neutrophil recruitment mediated by sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P)/S1P receptors during chronic liver injury. Cell Immunol 2020; 359:104243. [PMID: 33197723 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2020.104243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Excessive neutrophils are recruited to damaged tissue and cause collateral injury under chronic inflammatory conditions. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) modulates kinds of physiological and pathological actions by inducing recruitment of various cell types through S1P receptors (S1PRs). This study aimed to detect the S1P/S1PRs-mediated effects on neutrophil recruitment during chronic liver inflammation. In present study, increased neutrophils originated from bone marrow (BM) were detected in liver tissue of BDL-treated mice. Hepatic sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK, S1P rate-limiting enzyme) or S1P levels positively correlated with neutrophil marker expression in liver of mice and patients. In vitro, expression of S1PR1, S1PR2 and S1PR3 were detected in both mouse BM neutrophils and differentiated human neutrophil-like (dHL60) cells. S1P powerfully boosted the migration and cytoskeletal remodeling of BM neutrophils through S1PR1 or S1PR2. Different from BM neutrophils, the migration and cytoskeletal remodeling of dHL60 cells were mediated by S1PR2 or S1PR3. S1PR2 blockade obviously attenuates neutrophil infiltration in bile duct ligation (BDL)-induced mouse liver injury. In conclusion, S1P/S1PRs system plays a pivotal role in neutrophil recruitment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinhao Zhao
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Le Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Na Chang
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Lei Hou
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Chengbin Dong
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Fuquan Liu
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Liying Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Afshari K, Momeni Roudsari N, Lashgari NA, Haddadi NS, Haj-Mirzaian A, Hassan Nejad M, Shafaroodi H, Ghasemi M, Dehpour AR, Abdolghaffari AH. Antibiotics with therapeutic effects on spinal cord injury: a review. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2020; 35:277-304. [PMID: 33464681 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that a considerable number of antibiotics exert anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects in different central and peripheral nervous system diseases including spinal cord injury (SCI). Both clinical and preclinical studies on SCI have found therapeutic effects of antibiotics from different families on SCI. These include macrolides, minocycline, β-lactams, and dapsone, all of which have been found to improve SCI sequels and complications. These antibiotics may target similar signaling pathways such as reducing inflammatory microglial activity, promoting autophagy, inhibiting neuronal apoptosis, and modulating the SCI-related mitochondrial dysfunction. In this review paper, we will discuss the mechanisms underlying therapeutic effects of these antibiotics on SCI, which not only could supply vital information for investigators but also guide clinicians to consider administering these antibiotics as part of a multimodal therapeutic approach for management of SCI and its complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khashayar Afshari
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1419733141, Iran.,Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 13145-784, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Dermatology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA
| | - Nazanin Momeni Roudsari
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, No. 99, Yakhchal, Gholhak, Shariati St., Tehran, P. O. Box: 19419-33111, Iran
| | - Naser-Aldin Lashgari
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, No. 99, Yakhchal, Gholhak, Shariati St., Tehran, P. O. Box: 19419-33111, Iran
| | - Nazgol-Sadat Haddadi
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1419733141, Iran.,Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 13145-784, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Dermatology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA
| | - Arvin Haj-Mirzaian
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 13145-784, Tehran, Iran
| | - Malihe Hassan Nejad
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1419733141, Iran
| | - Hamed Shafaroodi
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 13145-784, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Ghasemi
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts School of Medicine, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1419733141, Iran.,Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 13145-784, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Abdolghaffari
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, No. 99, Yakhchal, Gholhak, Shariati St., Tehran, P. O. Box: 19419-33111, Iran.,Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, 31375-1369, Iran.,Gastrointestinal Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, 1419733151, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Telegin GB, Chernov AS, Konovalov NA, Belogurov AA, Balmasova IP, Gabibov AG. Cytokine Profile As a Marker of Cell Damage and Immune Dysfunction after Spinal Cord Injury. Acta Naturae 2020; 12:92-101. [PMID: 33173599 PMCID: PMC7604889 DOI: 10.32607/actanaturae.11096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study reviews the findings of recent experiments designed to investigate the cytokine profile after a spinal cord injury. The role played by key cytokines in eliciting the cellular response to trauma was assessed. The results of the specific immunopathogenetic interaction between the nervous and immune systems in the immediate and chronic post-traumatic periods are summarized. It was demonstrated that it is reasonable to use the step-by-step approach to the assessment of the cytokine profile after a spinal cord injury and take into account the combination of the pathogenetic and protective components in implementing the regulatory effects of individual cytokines and their integration into the regenerative processes in the injured spinal cord. This allows one to rationally organize treatment and develop novel drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G. B. Telegin
- Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, 142290 Russia
| | - A. S. Chernov
- Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, 142290 Russia
| | - N. A. Konovalov
- N.N. Burdenko National Scientific and Practical Center for Neurosurgery, RF Health Ministry, Moscow, 125047 Russia
| | - A. A. Belogurov
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997 Russia
| | - I. P. Balmasova
- Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry of Russia’s Ministry of Health, Moscow, 127473 Russia
| | - A. G. Gabibov
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997 Russia
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Nakajima H, Honjoh K, Watanabe S, Kubota A, Matsumine A. Distribution and polarization of microglia and macrophages at injured sites and the lumbar enlargement after spinal cord injury. Neurosci Lett 2020; 737:135152. [PMID: 32531528 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes loss of locomotor function and chronic neuropathic pain (NeP). Hematogenous macrophages and activated microglia are key monocytic lineage cell types in the response to SCI, and each has M1- and M2-phenotypes. To understand the roles of these cells in neuronal regeneration and chronic NeP after SCI, differences in distribution and phenotypes of activated microglia and infiltrated macrophages after SCI were examined at the injured site and the lumbar enlargement, as a remote region. Chimeric mice were used for differentiating activated microglia from hematogenous macrophages. The prevalences of activated microglia and infiltrating macrophages increased at day 14 after SCI, at the time of most severe pain hypersensitivity, with mainly M1-type hematogenous macrophages at the injured site and M2-type activated microglia at the lumbar enlargement. Peak expression of TNF-α, an M1-induced cytokine, occurred on day 4 post-SCI at the injured site, but not until day 14 at the lumbar enlargement. Expression of IL-4, a M2-induced cytokine, peaked at 4 days after SCI at both sites. These results suggest different roles of activated microglia and hematogenous macrophages, including both phenotypes of each cell, in neuronal regeneration and chronic NeP after SCI at the injured site and lumbar enlargement. The prevalence of the M1 over the M2 phenotype at the injured site until the subacute phase after SCI may be partially responsible for the lack of functional recovery and chronic NeP after SCI. Activation of M2-type microglia at the lumbar enlargement in response to inflammatory cytokines from the injured site might be important in chronic below-level pain. These findings are useful for establishment of a therapeutic target for prevention of motor deterioration and NeP in the time-dependent response to SCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Nakajima
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuoka Shimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, 910-1193, Japan.
| | - Kazuya Honjoh
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuoka Shimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, 910-1193, Japan
| | - Shuji Watanabe
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuoka Shimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, 910-1193, Japan
| | - Arisa Kubota
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuoka Shimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, 910-1193, Japan
| | - Akihiko Matsumine
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuoka Shimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, 910-1193, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Westman J, Grinstein S, Marques PE. Phagocytosis of Necrotic Debris at Sites of Injury and Inflammation. Front Immunol 2020; 10:3030. [PMID: 31998312 PMCID: PMC6962235 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.03030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Clearance of cellular debris is required to maintain the homeostasis of multicellular organisms. It is intrinsic to processes such as tissue growth and remodeling, regeneration and resolution of injury and inflammation. Most of the removal of effete and damaged cells is performed by macrophages and neutrophils through phagocytosis, a complex phenomenon involving ingestion and degradation of the disposable particles. The study of the clearance of cellular debris has been strongly biased toward the removal of apoptotic bodies; as a result, the mechanisms underlying the removal of necrotic cells have remained relatively unexplored. Here, we will review the incipient but growing knowledge of the phagocytosis of necrotic debris, from their recognition and engagement to their internalization and disposal. Critical insights into these events were gained recently through the development of new in vitro and in vivo models, along with advances in live-cell and intravital microscopy. This review addresses the classes of "find-me" and "eat-me" signals presented by necrotic cells and their cognate receptors in phagocytes, which in most cases differ from the extensively characterized counterparts in apoptotic cell engulfment. The roles of damage-associated molecular patterns, chemokines, lipid mediators, and complement components in recruiting and activating phagocytes are reviewed. Lastly, the physiological importance of necrotic cell removal is emphasized, highlighting the key role of impaired debris clearance in autoimmunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Westman
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sergio Grinstein
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Keenan Research Centre of the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Pedro Elias Marques
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Yamada EF, Bobinski F, Martins DF, Palandi J, Folmer V, da Silva MD. Photobiomodulation therapy in knee osteoarthritis reduces oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines in rats. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2020; 13:e201900204. [PMID: 31568634 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201900204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic disease that causes pain and gradual degeneration of the articular cartilage. In this study, MIA-induced OA knee model was used in rats to test the effects of the photobiomodulation therapy (PBM). We analyzed the inflammatory process (pain and cytokine levels), and its influence on the oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity. Knee OA was induced by monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) intra-articular injection (1.5 mg/50 μL) and the rats were treated with eight sessions of PBM 3 days/week (904 nm, 6 or 18 J/cm2 ). For each animal, mechanical and cold hyperalgesia and spontaneous pain were evaluated; biological analyses were performed in blood serum, intra-articular lavage, knee structures, spinal cord and brainstem. Cytokine assays were performed in knee, spinal cord and brainstem samples. The effects of the 18 J/cm2 dose of PBM were promising in reducing pain and neutrophil activity in knee samples, together with reducing oxidative stress damage in blood serum and spinal cord samples. PBM improved the antioxidant capacity in blood serum and brainstem, and decreased the knee pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. Our study demonstrated that PBM decreased oxidative damage, inflammation and pain. Therefore, this therapy could be an important tool in the treatment of knee OA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eloá F Yamada
- Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal do Pampa (Unipampa), Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Franciane Bobinski
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuroscience (LaNEx), Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina (UNISUL), Palhoça, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Daniel F Martins
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuroscience (LaNEx), Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina (UNISUL), Palhoça, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Juliete Palandi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Center for Health and Sports Sciences, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Vanderlei Folmer
- Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal do Pampa (Unipampa), Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Morgana D da Silva
- Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal do Pampa (Unipampa), Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Kays JS, Yamamoto BK. Evaluation of Microglia/Macrophage Cells from Rat Striatum and Prefrontal Cortex Reveals Differential Expression of Inflammatory-Related mRNA after Methamphetamine. Brain Sci 2019; 9:brainsci9120340. [PMID: 31775383 PMCID: PMC6955783 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci9120340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA sequencing (RNAseq) can be a powerful tool in the identification of transcriptional changes after drug treatment. RNAseq was utilized to determine expression changes in Fluorescence-activated cell sorted (FACS) CD11b/c+ cells from the striatum (STR) and prefrontal cortex (PFC) of male Sprague-Dawley rats after a methamphetamine (METH) binge dosing regimen. Resident microglia and infiltrating macrophages were collected 2 h or 3 days after drug administration. Gene expression changes indicated there was an increase toward an overall pro-inflammatory state, or M1 polarization, along with what appears to be a subset of cells that differentiated toward the anti-inflammatory M2 polarization. In general, there were significantly more mRNA expression changes in the STR than the PFC and more at 2 h post-binge METH than at 3 days post-binge METH. Additionally, Ingenuity® Pathway Analysis along with details of RNA expression changes revealed cyclo-oxygenase 2 (COX2)-driven prostaglandin (PG) E2 synthesis, glutamine uptake, and the Nuclear factor erythroid2-related factor 2 (NRF2) canonical pathway in microglia were associated with the binge administration regimen of METH.
Collapse
|
50
|
Honjoh K, Nakajima H, Hirai T, Watanabe S, Matsumine A. Relationship of Inflammatory Cytokines From M1-Type Microglia/Macrophages at the Injured Site and Lumbar Enlargement With Neuropathic Pain After Spinal Cord Injury in the CCL21 Knockout ( plt) Mouse. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:525. [PMID: 31824269 PMCID: PMC6881269 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes loss of normal sensation and often leads to debilitating neuropathic pain (NeP). Chronic NeP develops at or below the SCI lesion in as many as 80% of patients with SCI and may be induced by modulators of neuronal excitability released from activated microglia and macrophages. In the inflammatory response after SCI, different microglia/macrophage populations that are classically activated (M1 phenotype) or alternatively activated (M2 phenotype) have become of great interest. Chemokines have also recently attracted attention in neuron-microglia communication. CCL21 is a chemokine that activates microglia in the central nervous system (CNS) and is expressed only in neurons with an insult or mechanical injury. In this study using an SCI model in mutant (plt) mice with deficient CCL21 expression, we assessed post-SCI NeP and expression of microglia/macrophages and inflammatory cytokines at the injured site and lumbar enlargement. SCI-induced hypersensitivities to mechanical and thermal stimulation were relieved in plt mice compared with those in wild-type (C57BL/6) mice, although there was no difference in motor function. Immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry analysis showed that the phenotype of microglia/macrophages was M1 type-dominant in both types of mice at the lesion site and lumbar enlargement. A decrease of M1-type microglia/macrophages was seen in plt mice compared with wild-type, while the number of M2-type microglia/macrophages did not differ between these mice. In immunoblot analysis, expression of M1-induced cytokines [tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ)] was decreased in plt mice, while that of M2-induced cytokines interleukin-4 (IL-4, IL-10) did not differ in the two types of mice. The results of this study indicate that suppression of expression of inflammatory cytokines by decreasing the number of M1-type microglia/macrophages at the injured site and lumbar enlargement is associated with provision of an environment for reduction of NeP. These findings may be useful for the design of new therapies to alleviate NeP after SCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Honjoh
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Hideaki Nakajima
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Takayuki Hirai
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Shuji Watanabe
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Akihiko Matsumine
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| |
Collapse
|