1
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Che Y, Shimizu Y, Hayashi T, Suzuki J, Pu Z, Tsuzuki K, Narita S, Shibata R, Murohara T. Chronic circadian rhythm disorder induces heart failure with preserved ejection fraction-like phenotype through the Clock-sGC-cGMP-PKG1 signaling pathway. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10777. [PMID: 38734687 PMCID: PMC11088651 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61710-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence has documented that circadian rhythm disorders could be related to cardiovascular diseases. However, there is limited knowledge on the direct adverse effects of circadian misalignment on the heart. This study aimed to investigate the effect of chronic circadian rhythm disorder on heart homeostasis in a mouse model of consistent jetlag. The jetlag model was induced in mice by a serial 8-h phase advance of the light cycle using a light-controlled isolation box every 4 days for up to 3 months. Herein, we demonstrated for the first time that chronic circadian rhythm disorder established in the mouse jetlag model could lead to HFpEF-like phenotype such as cardiac hypertrophy, cardiac fibrosis, and cardiac diastolic dysfunction, following the attenuation of the Clock-sGC-cGMP-PKG1 signaling. In addition, clock gene knock down in cardiomyocytes induced hypertrophy via decreased sGC-cGMP-PKG signaling pathway. Furthermore, treatment with an sGC-activator riociguat directly attenuated the adverse effects of jetlag model-induced cardiac hypertrophy, cardiac fibrosis, and cardiac diastolic dysfunction. Our data suggest that circadian rhythm disruption could induce HFpEF-like phenotype through downregulation of the clock-sGC-cGMP-PKG1 signaling pathway. sGC could be one of the molecular targets against circadian rhythm disorder-related heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyang Che
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yuuki Shimizu
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Takumi Hayashi
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Junya Suzuki
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Zhongyue Pu
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Tsuzuki
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Shingo Narita
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Rei Shibata
- Department of Advanced Cardiovascular Therapeutics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Toyoaki Murohara
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
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2
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Lal H, Verma SK, Wang Y, Xie M, Young ME. Circadian Rhythms in Cardiovascular Metabolism. Circ Res 2024; 134:635-658. [PMID: 38484029 PMCID: PMC10947116 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.323520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Energetic demand and nutrient supply fluctuate as a function of time-of-day, in alignment with sleep-wake and fasting-feeding cycles. These daily rhythms are mirrored by 24-hour oscillations in numerous cardiovascular functional parameters, including blood pressure, heart rate, and myocardial contractility. It is, therefore, not surprising that metabolic processes also fluctuate over the course of the day, to ensure temporal needs for ATP, building blocks, and metabolism-based signaling molecules are met. What has become increasingly clear is that in addition to classic signal-response coupling (termed reactionary mechanisms), cardiovascular-relevant cells use autonomous circadian clocks to temporally orchestrate metabolic pathways in preparation for predicted stimuli/stresses (termed anticipatory mechanisms). Here, we review current knowledge regarding circadian regulation of metabolism, how metabolic rhythms are synchronized with cardiovascular function, and whether circadian misalignment/disruption of metabolic processes contribute toward the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hind Lal
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Suresh Kumar Verma
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Yajing Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Min Xie
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Martin E. Young
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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3
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Festus ID, Spilberg J, Young ME, Cain S, Khoshnevis S, Smolensky MH, Zaheer F, Descalzi G, Martino TA. Pioneering new frontiers in circadian medicine chronotherapies for cardiovascular health. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2024:S1043-2760(24)00040-7. [PMID: 38458859 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2024.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a global health concern. Circadian medicine improves cardiovascular care by aligning treatments with our body's daily rhythms and their underlying cellular circadian mechanisms. Time-based therapies, or chronotherapies, show special promise in clinical cardiology. They optimize treatment schedules for better outcomes with fewer side effects by recognizing the profound influence of rhythmic body cycles. In this review, we focus on three chronotherapy areas (medication, light, and meal timing) with potential to enhance cardiovascular care. We also highlight pioneering research in the new field of rest, the gut microbiome, novel chronotherapies for hypertension, pain management, and small molecules that targeting the circadian mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifene David Festus
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, University of Guelph; Guelph, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph; Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeri Spilberg
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, University of Guelph; Guelph, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph; Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Martin E Young
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Sean Cain
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sepideh Khoshnevis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cockrell School of Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Michael H Smolensky
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cockrell School of Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, McGovern School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fariya Zaheer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph; Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Giannina Descalzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph; Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tami A Martino
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, University of Guelph; Guelph, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph; Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
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4
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Dial MB, Malek EM, Neblina GA, Cooper AR, Vaslieva NI, Frommer R, Girgis M, Dawn B, McGinnis GR. Effects of time-restricted exercise on activity rhythms and exercise-induced adaptations in the heart. Sci Rep 2024; 14:146. [PMID: 38168503 PMCID: PMC10761674 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50113-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms play a crucial role in the regulation of various physiological processes, including cardiovascular function and metabolism. Exercise provokes numerous beneficial adaptations in heart, including physiological hypertrophy, and serves to shift circadian rhythms. This study investigated the impact of time-restricted exercise training on exercise-induced adaptations in the heart and locomotor activity rhythms. Male mice (n = 45) were allocated to perform voluntary, time-restricted exercise in the early active phase (EAP), late active phase (LAP), or remain sedentary (SED) for 6 weeks. Subsequently, mice were allowed 24-h ad libitum access to the running wheel to assess diurnal rhythms in locomotor activity. Heart weight and cross-sectional area were measured at sacrifice, and cardiac protein and gene expression levels were assessed for markers of mitochondrial abundance and circadian clock gene expression. Mice rapidly adapted to wheel running, with EAP mice exhibiting a significantly greater running distance compared to LAP mice. Time-restricted exercise induced a shift in voluntary wheel activity during the 24-h free access period, with the acrophase in activity being significantly earlier in EAP mice compared to LAP mice. Gene expression analysis revealed a higher expression of Per1 in LAP mice. EAP exercise elicited greater cardiac hypertrophy compared to LAP exercise. These findings suggest that the timing of exercise affects myocardial adaptations, with exercise in the early active phase inducing hypertrophy in the heart. Understanding the time-of-day dependent response to exercise in the heart may have implications for optimizing exercise interventions for cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Dial
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 S. Maryland Parkway, Bigelow Health Sciences (BHS) Building 323, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA
| | - Elias M Malek
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 S. Maryland Parkway, Bigelow Health Sciences (BHS) Building 323, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA
| | - Greco A Neblina
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 S. Maryland Parkway, Bigelow Health Sciences (BHS) Building 323, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA
| | - Austin R Cooper
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 S. Maryland Parkway, Bigelow Health Sciences (BHS) Building 323, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA
| | - Nikoleta I Vaslieva
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 S. Maryland Parkway, Bigelow Health Sciences (BHS) Building 323, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA
| | - Rebecca Frommer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Magdy Girgis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Buddhadeb Dawn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Graham R McGinnis
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 S. Maryland Parkway, Bigelow Health Sciences (BHS) Building 323, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA.
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5
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Kane MS, Benavides GA, Osuma E, Johnson MS, Collins HE, He Y, Westbrook D, Litovsky SH, Mitra K, Chatham JC, Darley-Usmar V, Young ME, Zhang J. The interplay between sex, time of day, fasting status, and their impact on cardiac mitochondrial structure, function, and dynamics. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21638. [PMID: 38062139 PMCID: PMC10703790 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49018-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria morphology and function, and their quality control by mitophagy, are essential for heart function. We investigated whether these are influenced by time of the day (TOD), sex, and fed or fasting status, using transmission electron microscopy (EM), mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) activity, and mito-QC reporter mice. We observed peak mitochondrial number at ZT8 in the fed state, which was dependent on the intrinsic cardiac circadian clock, as hearts from cardiomyocyte-specific BMAL1 knockout (CBK) mice exhibit different TOD responses. In contrast to mitochondrial number, mitochondrial ETC activities do not fluctuate across TOD, but decrease immediately and significantly in response to fasting. Concurrent with the loss of ETC activities, ETC proteins were decreased with fasting, simultaneous with significant increases of mitophagy, mitochondrial antioxidant protein SOD2, and the fission protein DRP1. Fasting-induced mitophagy was lost in CBK mice, indicating a direct role of BMAL1 in regulating mitophagy. This is the first of its kind report to demonstrate the interactions between sex, fasting, and TOD on cardiac mitochondrial structure, function and mitophagy. These studies provide a foundation for future investigations of mitochondrial functional perturbation in aging and heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariame S Kane
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 901 19th Street S., Birmingham, AL, BMRII-53435294-0017, USA
- Birmingham VA Health Care System (BVACS), Birmingham, USA
| | - Gloria A Benavides
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 901 19th Street S., Birmingham, AL, BMRII-53435294-0017, USA
| | - Edie Osuma
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 901 19th Street S., Birmingham, AL, BMRII-53435294-0017, USA
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
| | - Michelle S Johnson
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 901 19th Street S., Birmingham, AL, BMRII-53435294-0017, USA
| | - Helen E Collins
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 901 19th Street S., Birmingham, AL, BMRII-53435294-0017, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, USA
| | - Yecheng He
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 901 19th Street S., Birmingham, AL, BMRII-53435294-0017, USA
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Suzhou Vocational Health College, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - David Westbrook
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 901 19th Street S., Birmingham, AL, BMRII-53435294-0017, USA
| | - Silvio H Litovsky
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 901 19th Street S., Birmingham, AL, BMRII-53435294-0017, USA
| | - Kasturi Mitra
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Ashoka University, Sonipat, NCR (Delhi), India
| | - John C Chatham
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 901 19th Street S., Birmingham, AL, BMRII-53435294-0017, USA
| | - Victor Darley-Usmar
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 901 19th Street S., Birmingham, AL, BMRII-53435294-0017, USA
| | - Martin E Young
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 703 19th St. S., ZRB 308, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 901 19th Street S., Birmingham, AL, BMRII-53435294-0017, USA.
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6
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Young ME. The Cardiac Circadian Clock: Implications for Cardiovascular Disease and its Treatment. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2023; 8:1613-1628. [PMID: 38205356 PMCID: PMC10774593 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2023.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Virtually all aspects of physiology fluctuate with respect to the time of day. This is beautifully exemplified by cardiovascular physiology, for which blood pressure and electrophysiology exhibit robust diurnal oscillations. At molecular/biochemical levels (eg, transcription, translation, signaling, metabolism), cardiovascular-relevant tissues (such as the heart) are profoundly different during the day vs the night. Unfortunately, this in turn contributes toward 24-hour rhythms in both risk of adverse event onset (eg, arrhythmias, myocardial infarction) and pathogenesis severity (eg, extent of ischemic damage). Accumulating evidence indicates that cell-autonomous timekeeping mechanisms, termed circadian clocks, temporally govern biological processes known to play critical roles in cardiovascular function/dysfunction. In this paper, a comprehensive review of our current understanding of the cardiomyocyte circadian clock during both health and disease is detailed. Unprecedented basic, translational, and epidemiologic studies support a need to implement chronobiological considerations in strategies designed for both prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin E. Young
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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7
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Lin J, Kuang H, Jiang J, Zhou H, Peng L, Yan X, Kuang J. Circadian Rhythms in Cardiovascular Function: Implications for Cardiac Diseases and Therapeutic Opportunities. Med Sci Monit 2023; 29:e942215. [PMID: 37986555 PMCID: PMC10675984 DOI: 10.12659/msm.942215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are internal 24-h intrinsic oscillations that are present in essentially all mammalian cells and can influence numerous biological processes. Cardiac function is known to exhibit a circadian rhythm and is strongly affected by the day/night cycle. Many cardiovascular variables, including heart rate, heart rate variability (HRV), electrocardiogram (ECG) waveforms, endothelial cell function, and blood pressure, demonstrate robust circadian rhythms. Many experiential and clinical studies have highlighted that disruptions in circadian rhythms can ultimately lead to maladaptive cardiac function. Factors that disrupt the circadian rhythm, including shift work, global travel, and sleep disorders, may consequently enhance the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Some cardiac diseases appear to occur at particular times of the day or night; therefore, targeting the disease at particular times of day may improve the clinical outcome. The objective of this review is to unravel the relationship between circadian rhythms and cardiovascular health. By understanding this intricate interplay, we aim to reveal the potential risks of circadian disruption and discuss the emerging therapeutic strategies, specifically those targeting circadian rhythms. In this review, we explore the important role of circadian rhythms in cardiovascular physiology and highlight the role they play in cardiac dysfunction such as ventricular hypertrophy, arrhythmia, diabetes, and myocardial infarction. Finally, we review potential translational treatments aimed at circadian rhythms. These treatments offer an innovative approach to enhancing the existing approaches for managing and treating heart-related conditions, while also opening new avenues for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayue Lin
- Postgraduate School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
- Department of Cardiovascular, The Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Haoming Kuang
- Postgraduate School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Jiahao Jiang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Kunshan, Suzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular, Beibei Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Li Peng
- Department of Cardiovascular, The Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Xu Yan
- Department of Cardiovascular, The Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Jianjun Kuang
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
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8
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Latimer MN, Williams LJ, Shanmugan G, Carpenter BJ, Lazar MA, Dierickx P, Young ME. Cardiomyocyte-specific disruption of the circadian BMAL1-REV-ERBα/β regulatory network impacts distinct miRNA species in the murine heart. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1149. [PMID: 37952007 PMCID: PMC10640639 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05537-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian disruption increases cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, through poorly understood mechanisms. Given that small RNA species are critical modulators of cardiac physiology/pathology, we sought to determine the extent to which cardiomyocyte circadian clock (CCC) disruption impacts cardiac small RNA species. Accordingly, we collected hearts from cardiomyocyte-specific Bmal1 knockout (CBK; a model of CCC disruption) and littermate control (CON) mice at multiple times of the day, followed by small RNA-seq. The data reveal 47 differentially expressed miRNAs species in CBK hearts. Subsequent bioinformatic analyses predict that differentially expressed miRNA species in CBK hearts influence processes such as circadian rhythmicity, cellular signaling, and metabolism. Of the induced miRNAs in CBK hearts, 7 are predicted to be targeted by the transcriptional repressors REV-ERBα/β (integral circadian clock components that are directly regulated by BMAL1). Similar to CBK hearts, cardiomyocyte-specific Rev-erbα/β double knockout (CM-RevDKO) mouse hearts exhibit increased let-7c-1-3p, miR-23b-5p, miR-139-3p, miR-5123, and miR-7068-3p levels. Importantly, 19 putative targets of these 5 miRNAs are commonly repressed in CBK and CM-RevDKO heart (of which 16 are targeted by let-7c-1-3p). These observations suggest that disruption of the circadian BMAL1-REV-ERBα/β regulatory network in the heart induces distinct miRNAs, whose mRNA targets impact critical cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary N Latimer
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Lamario J Williams
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Gobinath Shanmugan
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Bryce J Carpenter
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Mitchell A Lazar
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Pieterjan Dierickx
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Martin E Young
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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9
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Mia S, Sonkar R, Williams L, Latimer MN, Rawnsley DR, Rana S, He J, Dierickx P, Kim T, Xie M, Habegger KM, Kubo M, Zhou L, Thomsen MB, Prabhu SD, Frank SJ, Brookes PS, Lazar MA, Diwan A, Young ME. Novel Roles for the Transcriptional Repressor E4BP4 in Both Cardiac Physiology and Pathophysiology. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2023; 8:1141-1156. [PMID: 37791313 PMCID: PMC10543917 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2023.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Circadian clocks temporally orchestrate biological processes critical for cellular/organ function. For example, the cardiomyocyte circadian clock modulates cardiac metabolism, signaling, and electrophysiology over the course of the day, such that, disruption of the clock leads to age-onset cardiomyopathy (through unknown mechanisms). Here, we report that genetic disruption of the cardiomyocyte clock results in chronic induction of the transcriptional repressor E4BP4. Importantly, E4BP4 deletion prevents age-onset cardiomyopathy following clock disruption. These studies also indicate that E4BP4 regulates both cardiac metabolism (eg, fatty acid oxidation) and electrophysiology (eg, QT interval). Collectively, these studies reveal that E4BP4 is a novel regulator of both cardiac physiology and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sobuj Mia
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Ravi Sonkar
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Lamario Williams
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Mary N. Latimer
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - David R. Rawnsley
- Departments of Medicine, Cell Biology and Physiology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Samir Rana
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jin He
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Pieterjan Dierickx
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Teayoun Kim
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Min Xie
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Kirk M. Habegger
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Masato Kubo
- Research Institute for Biomedical Science, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
- Laboratory for Cytokine Regulation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), RIKEN Yokohama Institute, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Lufang Zhou
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Morten B. Thomsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Demark
| | - Sumanth D. Prabhu
- Departments of Medicine, Cell Biology and Physiology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Stuart J. Frank
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Endocrinology Section, Birmingham VAMC Medical Service, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Paul S. Brookes
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Mitchell A. Lazar
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Abhinav Diwan
- Departments of Medicine, Cell Biology and Physiology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- John Cochran VA Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Martin E. Young
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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10
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Paula ABR, Resende LT, Jardim IABA, Portes AMO, Isoldi MC. The role of environmental signals in the expression of rhythmic cardiac proteins and their influence on cardiac pathologies. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2023; 137:205-223. [PMID: 37709377 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2023.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
We know that numerous proteins expressed in the heart are influenced by environmental signals (such as light and diet), which cause either an increase or decrease in their expression. Cardiovascular health is sensitive to diet composition (macronutrient content), as well as the percentage of energy, frequency and regularity of meal intake during the 24-hour cycle, and the fasting period. Furthermore, light is an important synchronizer of the circadian clock and, in turn, of several physiological processes, among them cardiovascular physiology. In this chapter, we address the effects of these environmental cues and the known mechanisms that lead to this variation in protein expression in the heart, as well as cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Beatriz Rezende Paula
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Research Center in Biological Science, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Bauxita, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Letícia Teresinha Resende
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Research Center in Biological Science, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Bauxita, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Isabela Alcântara Barretto Araújo Jardim
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Research Center in Biological Science, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Bauxita, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Martins Oliveira Portes
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Research Center in Biological Science, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Bauxita, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Mauro César Isoldi
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Research Center in Biological Science, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Bauxita, Ouro Preto, Brazil
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11
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Cao J, Kuyumcu-Martinez MN. Alternative polyadenylation regulation in cardiac development and cardiovascular disease. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:1324-1335. [PMID: 36657944 PMCID: PMC10262186 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cleavage and polyadenylation of pre-mRNAs is a necessary step for gene expression and function. Majority of human genes exhibit multiple polyadenylation sites, which can be alternatively used to generate different mRNA isoforms from a single gene. Alternative polyadenylation (APA) of pre-mRNAs is important for the proteome and transcriptome landscape. APA is tightly regulated during development and contributes to tissue-specific gene regulation. Mis-regulation of APA is linked to a wide range of pathological conditions. APA-mediated gene regulation in the heart is emerging as a new area of research. Here, we will discuss the impact of APA on gene regulation during heart development and in cardiovascular diseases. First, we will briefly review how APA impacts gene regulation and discuss molecular mechanisms that control APA. Then, we will address APA regulation during heart development and its dysregulation in cardiovascular diseases. Finally, we will discuss pre-mRNA targeting strategies to correct aberrant APA patterns of essential genes for the treatment or prevention of cardiovascular diseases. The RNA field is blooming due to advancements in RNA-based technologies. RNA-based vaccines and therapies are becoming the new line of effective and safe approaches for the treatment and prevention of human diseases. Overall, this review will be influential for understanding gene regulation at the RNA level via APA in the heart and will help design RNA-based tools for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Cao
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Muge N Kuyumcu-Martinez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77573, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Institute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77573, USA
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12
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Yusifova M, Yusifov A, Polson SM, Todd WD, Schmitt EE, Bruns DR. Voluntary Wheel Running Exercise Does Not Attenuate Circadian and Cardiac Dysfunction Caused by Conditional Deletion of Bmal1. J Biol Rhythms 2023:7487304231152398. [PMID: 36802963 DOI: 10.1177/07487304231152398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Circadian misalignment occurs with age, jet lag, and shift work, leading to maladaptive health outcomes including cardiovascular diseases. Despite the strong link between circadian disruption and heart disease, the cardiac circadian clock is poorly understood, prohibiting identification of therapies to restore the broken clock. Exercise is the most cardioprotective intervention identified to date and has been suggested to reset the circadian clock in other peripheral tissues. Here, we tested the hypothesis that conditional deletion of core circadian gene Bmal1 would disrupt cardiac circadian rhythm and function and that this disruption would be ameliorated by exercise. To test this hypothesis, we generated a transgenic mouse with spatial and temporal deletion of Bmal1 only in adult cardiac myocytes (Bmal1 cardiac knockout [cKO]). Bmal1 cKO mice demonstrated cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis concomitant with impaired systolic function. This pathological cardiac remodeling was not rescued by wheel running. While the molecular mechanisms responsible for the profound cardiac remodeling are unclear, it does not appear to involve activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling or changes in metabolic gene expression. Interestingly, cardiac deletion of Bmal1 disrupted systemic rhythms as evidenced by changes in the onset and phasing of activity in relationship to the light/dark cycle and by decreased periodogram power as measured by core temperature, suggesting cardiac clocks can regulate systemic circadian output. Together, we suggest a critical role for cardiac Bmal1 in regulating both cardiac and systemic circadian rhythm and function. Ongoing experiments will determine how disruption of the circadian clock causes cardiac remodeling in an effort to identify therapeutics to attenuate the maladaptive outcomes of a broken cardiac circadian clock.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aykhan Yusifov
- Kinesiology & Health, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming
| | - Sydney M Polson
- Kinesiology & Health, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming
| | - William D Todd
- Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming
| | - Emily E Schmitt
- Kinesiology & Health, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming.,Wyoming WWAMI Medical Education, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming
| | - Danielle R Bruns
- Kinesiology & Health, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming.,Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming.,Wyoming WWAMI Medical Education, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming
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13
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Abstract
Driven by autonomous molecular clocks that are synchronized by a master pacemaker in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, cardiac physiology fluctuates in diurnal rhythms that can be partly or entirely circadian. Cardiac contractility, metabolism, and electrophysiology, all have diurnal rhythms, as does the neurohumoral control of cardiac and kidney function. In this review, we discuss the evidence that circadian biology regulates cardiac function, how molecular clocks may relate to the pathogenesis of heart failure, and how chronotherapeutics might be applied in heart failure. Disrupting molecular clocks can lead to heart failure in animal models, and the myocardial response to injury seems to be conditioned by the time of day. Human studies are consistent with these findings, and they implicate the clock and circadian rhythms in the pathogenesis of heart failure. Certain circadian rhythms are maintained in patients with heart failure, a factor that can guide optimal timing of therapy. Pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic manipulation of circadian rhythms and molecular clocks show promise in the prevention and treatment of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadim El Jamal
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ronan Lordan
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sarah L. Teegarden
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tilo Grosser
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Translational Pharmacology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Garret FitzGerald
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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14
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Abstract
The cardiomyocyte circadian clock temporally governs fundamental cellular processes, leading to 24-h rhythms in cardiac properties (such as electrophysiology and contractility). The importance of this cell-autonomous clock is underscored by reports that the disruption of the mechanism leads to adverse cardiac remodeling and heart failure. In healthy non-stressed mice, the cardiomyocyte circadian clock modestly augments both cardiac protein synthesis (~14%) and mass (~11%) at the awake-to-sleep transition (relative to their lowest values in the middle of the awake period). However, the increased capacity for cardiac growth at the awake-to-sleep transition exacerbates the responsiveness of the heart to pro-hypertrophic stimuli/stresses (e.g., adrenergic stimulation, nutrients) at this time. The cardiomyocyte circadian clock orchestrates time-of-day-dependent rhythms in cardiac growth through numerous mechanisms. Both ribosomal RNA (e.g., 28S) and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR/S6 signaling axis are circadian regulated, peaking at the awake-to-sleep transition in the heart. Conversely, the negative regulators of translation (including PER2, AMPK, and the integrated stress response) are elevated in the middle of the awake period in a coordinated fashion. We speculate that persistent circadian governance of cardiac growth during non-dipping/nocturnal hypertension, sleep apnea, and/or shift work may exacerbate left ventricular hypertrophy and cardiac disease development, highlighting a need for the advancement of chronotherapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin E. Young
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
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15
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Sonkar R, Berry R, Latimer MN, Prabhu SD, Young ME, Frank SJ. Augmented Cardiac Growth Hormone Signaling Contributes to Cardiomyopathy Following Genetic Disruption of the Cardiomyocyte Circadian Clock. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:836725. [PMID: 35250583 PMCID: PMC8888912 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.836725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian clocks regulate numerous biological processes, at whole body, organ, and cellular levels. This includes both hormone secretion and target tissue sensitivity. Although growth hormone (GH) secretion is time-of-day-dependent (increased pulse amplitude during the sleep period), little is known regarding whether circadian clocks modulate GH sensitivity in target tissues. GH acts in part through induction of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), and excess GH/IGF1 signaling has been linked to pathologies such as insulin resistance, acromegaly, and cardiomyopathy. Interestingly, genetic disruption of the cardiomyocyte circadian clock leads to cardiac adverse remodeling, contractile dysfunction, and reduced lifespan. These observations led to the hypothesis that the cardiomyopathy observed following cardiomyocyte circadian clock disruption may be secondary to chronic activation of cardiac GH/IGF1 signaling. Here, we report that cardiomyocyte-specific BMAL1 knockout (CBK) mice exhibit increased cardiac GH sensitivity, as evidenced by augmented GH-induced STAT5 phosphorylation (relative to littermate controls) in the heart (but not in the liver). Moreover, Igf1 mRNA levels are approximately 2-fold higher in CBK hearts (but not in livers), associated with markers of GH/IGF1 signaling activation (e.g., p-ERK, p-mTOR, and p-4EBP1) and adverse remodeling (e.g., cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and interstitial fibrosis). Genetic deletion of one allele of the GH receptor (GHR) normalized cardiac Igf1 levels in CBK hearts, associated with a partial normalization of adverse remodeling. This included attenuated progression of cardiomyopathy in CBK mice. Collectively, these observations suggest that excessive cardiac GH/IGF1 signaling contributes toward cardiomyopathy following genetic disruption of the cardiomyocyte circadian clock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Sonkar
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Ryan Berry
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Mary N. Latimer
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Sumanth D. Prabhu
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Cardiology Section, Birmingham VAMC Medical Service, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Division of Cardiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Martin E. Young
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Stuart J. Frank
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Endocrinology Section, Birmingham VAMC Medical Service, Birmingham, AL, United States
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16
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Circadian REV-ERBs repress E4bp4 to activate NAMPT-dependent NAD + biosynthesis and sustain cardiac function. NATURE CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH 2022; 1:45-58. [PMID: 35036997 PMCID: PMC8754391 DOI: 10.1038/s44161-021-00001-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The heart is a highly metabolic organ that uses multiple energy sources to meet its demand for ATP production. Diurnal feeding-fasting cycles result in substrate availability fluctuations which, together with increased energetic demand during the active period, impose a need for rhythmic cardiac metabolism. The nuclear receptors REV-ERBα and β are essential repressive components of the molecular circadian clock and major regulators of metabolism. To investigate their role in the heart, here we generated mice with cardiomyocyte (CM)-specific deletion of both Rev-erbs, which died prematurely due to dilated cardiomyopathy. Loss of Rev-erbs markedly downregulated fatty acid oxidation genes prior to overt pathology, which was mediated by induction of the transcriptional repressor E4BP4, a direct target of cardiac REV-ERBs. E4BP4 directly controls circadian expression of Nampt and its biosynthetic product NAD+ via distal cis-regulatory elements. Thus, REV-ERB-mediated E4BP4 repression is required for Nampt expression and NAD+ production by the salvage pathway. Together, these results highlight the indispensable role of circadian REV-ERBs in cardiac gene expression, metabolic homeostasis and function.
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17
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Senesi P, Ferrulli A, Luzi L, Terruzzi I. Chrono-communication and cardiometabolic health: The intrinsic relationship and therapeutic nutritional promises. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:975509. [PMID: 36176473 PMCID: PMC9513421 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.975509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythm, an innate 24-h biological clock, regulates several mammalian physiological activities anticipating daily environmental variations and optimizing available energetic resources. The circadian machinery is a complex neuronal and endocrinological network primarily organized into a central clock, suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), and peripheral clocks. Several small molecules generate daily circadian fluctuations ensuring inter-organ communication and coordination between external stimuli, i.e., light, food, and exercise, and body metabolism. As an orchestra, this complex network can be out of tone. Circadian disruption is often associated with obesity development and, above all, with diabetes and cardiovascular disease onset. Moreover, accumulating data highlight a bidirectional relationship between circadian misalignment and cardiometabolic disease severity. Food intake abnormalities, especially timing and composition of meal, are crucial cause of circadian disruption, but evidence from preclinical and clinical studies has shown that food could represent a unique therapeutic approach to promote circadian resynchronization. In this review, we briefly summarize the structure of circadian system and discuss the role playing by different molecules [from leptin to ghrelin, incretins, fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21), growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15)] to guarantee circadian homeostasis. Based on the recent data, we discuss the innovative nutritional interventions aimed at circadian re-synchronization and, consequently, improvement of cardiometabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Senesi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Ferrulli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Livio Luzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Ileana Terruzzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Ileana Terruzzi,
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18
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Bilu C, Kronfeld-Schor N, Zimmet P, Einat H. Sex differences in the response to circadian disruption in diurnal sand rats. Chronobiol Int 2021; 39:169-185. [PMID: 34711113 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2021.1989448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Most animal model studies on physiological functions and pathologies are conducted in males. However, diseases such as depression, type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease, all show different prevalence and characteristics in females and males. Moreover, most mammal studies are conducted in nocturnal mice and rats, while modelling diurnal humans. We therefore used male and female fat sand rats (Psammomys obesus), which are diurnal in the wild, as an animal model for T2DM, to explore the effects of mild circadian disruption on behavior, glucose tolerance, cholesterol and heart weight. We found significant differences between the sexes: on average, in response to short photoperiods (SP) acclimation, males showed higher levels of depression-like behavior, lower glucose tolerance, and increased plasma cholesterol levels compared with females, with no effect on heart/body weight ratio. Females, however did show an increase in heart/body weight ratio in response to SP acclimation. We also found that regardless of sex, arrhythmic animals showed higher blood glucose levels, cholesterol levels, heart/body weight ratio, and depressive-like behavior compared with rhythmic animals. Hence, we suggest that the expression of the Circadian Syndrome could be different between males and females. Additional work with females is required to clearly delineate the specific effects in both sexes, and promote sex-based health care, prevention measures and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmel Bilu
- School of Zoology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Noga Kronfeld-Schor
- School of Zoology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Paul Zimmet
- Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Haim Einat
- School of Behavioral Sciences, Tel Aviv-Yaffo Academic College, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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19
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Guan D, Lazar MA. Interconnections between circadian clocks and metabolism. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:e148278. [PMID: 34338232 DOI: 10.1172/jci148278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms evolved through adaptation to daily light/dark changes in the environment; they are believed to be regulated by the core circadian clock interlocking feedback loop. Recent studies indicate that each core component executes general and specific functions in metabolism. Here, we review the current understanding of the role of these core circadian clock genes in the regulation of metabolism using various genetically modified animal models. Additionally, emerging evidence shows that exposure to environmental stimuli, such as artificial light, unbalanced diet, mistimed eating, and exercise, remodels the circadian physiological processes and causes metabolic disorders. This Review summarizes the reciprocal regulation between the circadian clock and metabolism, highlights remaining gaps in knowledge about the regulation of circadian rhythms and metabolism, and examines potential applications to human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyin Guan
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism.,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Mitchell A Lazar
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism.,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, and.,Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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20
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Latimer MN, Sonkar R, Mia S, Frayne IR, Carter KJ, Johnson CA, Rana S, Xie M, Rowe GC, Wende AR, Prabhu SD, Frank SJ, Rosiers CD, Chatham JC, Young ME. Branched chain amino acids selectively promote cardiac growth at the end of the awake period. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 157:31-44. [PMID: 33894212 PMCID: PMC8319101 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Essentially all biological processes fluctuate over the course of the day, manifesting as time-of-day-dependent variations with regards to the way in which organ systems respond to normal behaviors. For example, basic, translational, and epidemiologic studies indicate that temporal partitioning of metabolic processes governs the fate of dietary nutrients, in a manner in which concentrating caloric intake towards the end of the day is detrimental to both cardiometabolic and cardiovascular parameters. Despite appreciation that branched chain amino acids impact risk for obesity, diabetes mellitus, and heart failure, it is currently unknown whether the time-of-day at which dietary BCAAs are consumed influence cardiometabolic/cardiovascular outcomes. Here, we report that feeding mice a BCAA-enriched meal at the end of the active period (i.e., last 4 h of the dark phase) rapidly increases cardiac protein synthesis and mass, as well as cardiomyocyte size; consumption of the same meal at the beginning of the active period (i.e., first 4 h of the dark phase) is without effect. This was associated with a greater BCAA-induced activation of mTOR signaling in the heart at the end of the active period; pharmacological inhibition of mTOR (through rapamycin) blocked BCAA-induced augmentation of cardiac mass and cardiomyocyte size. Moreover, genetic disruption of the cardiomyocyte circadian clock abolished time-of-day-dependent fluctuations in BCAA-responsiveness. Finally, we report that repetitive consumption of BCAA-enriched meals at the end of the active period accelerated adverse cardiac remodeling and contractile dysfunction in mice subjected to transverse aortic constriction. Thus, our data demonstrate that the timing of BCAA consumption has significant implications for cardiac health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary N Latimer
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Ravi Sonkar
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Sobuj Mia
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Isabelle Robillard Frayne
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal and Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Karen J Carter
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Christopher A Johnson
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Samir Rana
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Min Xie
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Glenn C Rowe
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Adam R Wende
- Division of Molecular Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Sumanth D Prabhu
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Stuart J Frank
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Endocrinology Section, Birmingham VAMC Medical Service, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Christine Des Rosiers
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal and Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - John C Chatham
- Division of Molecular Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Martin E Young
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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21
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Mia S, Sonkar R, Williams L, Latimer MN, Frayne Robillard I, Diwan A, Frank SJ, Des Rosiers C, Young ME. Impact of obesity on day-night differences in cardiac metabolism. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21298. [PMID: 33660366 PMCID: PMC7942981 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001706rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
An intrinsic property of the heart is an ability to rapidly and coordinately adjust flux through metabolic pathways in response to physiologic stimuli (termed metabolic flexibility). Cardiac metabolism also fluctuates across the 24‐hours day, in association with diurnal sleep‐wake and fasting‐feeding cycles. Although loss of metabolic flexibility has been proposed to play a causal role in the pathogenesis of cardiac disease, it is currently unknown whether day‐night variations in cardiac metabolism are altered during disease states. Here, we tested the hypothesis that diet‐induced obesity disrupts cardiac “diurnal metabolic flexibility”, which is normalized by time‐of‐day‐restricted feeding. Chronic high fat feeding (20‐wk)‐induced obesity in mice, abolished diurnal rhythms in whole body metabolic flexibility, and increased markers of adverse cardiac remodeling (hypertrophy, fibrosis, and steatosis). RNAseq analysis revealed that 24‐hours rhythms in the cardiac transcriptome were dramatically altered during obesity; only 22% of rhythmic transcripts in control hearts were unaffected by obesity. However, day‐night differences in cardiac substrate oxidation were essentially identical in control and high fat fed mice. In contrast, day‐night differences in both cardiac triglyceride synthesis and lipidome were abolished during obesity. Next, a subset of obese mice (induced by 18‐wks ad libitum high fat feeding) were allowed access to the high fat diet only during the 12‐hours dark (active) phase, for a 2‐wk period. Dark phase restricted feeding partially restored whole body metabolic flexibility, as well as day‐night differences in cardiac triglyceride synthesis and lipidome. Moreover, this intervention partially reversed adverse cardiac remodeling in obese mice. Collectively, these studies reveal diurnal metabolic inflexibility of the heart during obesity specifically for nonoxidative lipid metabolism (but not for substrate oxidation), and that restricting food intake to the active period partially reverses obesity‐induced cardiac lipid metabolism abnormalities and adverse remodeling of the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sobuj Mia
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Ravi Sonkar
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Lamario Williams
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Mary N Latimer
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Abhinav Diwan
- Departments of Medicine, Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine and John Cochran VA Medical Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Stuart J Frank
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Endocrinology Section, Birmingham VAMC Medical Service, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Christine Des Rosiers
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal and Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Martin E Young
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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22
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Meléndez-Fernández OH, Walton JC, DeVries AC, Nelson RJ. Clocks, Rhythms, Sex, and Hearts: How Disrupted Circadian Rhythms, Time-of-Day, and Sex Influence Cardiovascular Health. Biomolecules 2021; 11:883. [PMID: 34198706 PMCID: PMC8232105 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the top cause of mortality in the United States, and ischemic heart disease accounts for 16% of all deaths around the world. Modifiable risk factors such as diet and exercise have often been primary targets in addressing these conditions. However, mounting evidence suggests that environmental factors that disrupt physiological rhythms might contribute to the development of these diseases, as well as contribute to increasing other risk factors that are typically associated with cardiovascular disease. Exposure to light at night, transmeridian travel, and social jetlag disrupt endogenous circadian rhythms, which, in turn, alter carefully orchestrated bodily functioning, and elevate the risk of disease and injury. Research into how disrupted circadian rhythms affect physiology and behavior has begun to reveal the intricacies of how seemingly innocuous environmental and social factors have dramatic consequences on mammalian physiology and behavior. Despite the new focus on the importance of circadian rhythms, and how disrupted circadian rhythms contribute to cardiovascular diseases, many questions in this field remain unanswered. Further, neither time-of-day nor sex as a biological variable have been consistently and thoroughly taken into account in previous studies of circadian rhythm disruption and cardiovascular disease. In this review, we will first discuss biological rhythms and the master temporal regulator that controls these rhythms, focusing on the cardiovascular system, its rhythms, and the pathology associated with its disruption, while emphasizing the importance of the time-of-day as a variable that directly affects outcomes in controlled studies, and how temporal data will inform clinical practice and influence personalized medicine. Finally, we will discuss evidence supporting the existence of sex differences in cardiovascular function and outcomes following an injury, and highlight the need for consistent inclusion of both sexes in studies that aim to understand cardiovascular function and improve cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. Hecmarie Meléndez-Fernández
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA; (J.C.W.); (R.J.N.)
| | - James C. Walton
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA; (J.C.W.); (R.J.N.)
| | - A. Courtney DeVries
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology/Hematology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA;
- West Virginia University Cancer Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Randy J. Nelson
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA; (J.C.W.); (R.J.N.)
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Liu JA, Walton JC, DeVries AC, Nelson RJ. Disruptions of Circadian Rhythms and Thrombolytic Therapy During Ischemic Stroke Intervention. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:675732. [PMID: 34177452 PMCID: PMC8222607 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.675732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Several endogenous and exogenous factors interact to influence stroke occurrence, in turn contributing to discernable daily distribution patterns in the frequency and severity of cerebrovascular events. Specifically, strokes that occur during the morning tend to be more severe and are associated with elevated diastolic blood pressure, increased hospital stay, and worse outcomes, including mortality, compared to strokes that occur later in the day. Furthermore, disrupted circadian rhythms are linked to higher risk for stroke and play a role in stroke outcome. In this review, we discuss the interrelation among core clock genes and several factors contributing to ischemic outcomes, sources of disrupted circadian rhythms, the implications of disrupted circadian rhythms in foundational stroke scientific literature, followed by a review of clinical implications. In addition to highlighting the distinct daily pattern of onset, several aspects of physiology including immune response, endothelial/vascular and blood brain barrier function, and fibrinolysis are under circadian clock regulation; disrupted core clock gene expression patterns can adversely affect these physiological processes, leading to a prothrombotic state. Lastly, we discuss how the timing of ischemic onset increases morning resistance to thrombolytic therapy and the risk of hemorrhagic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Liu
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - James C Walton
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - A Courtney DeVries
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States.,Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology/Hematology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States.,West Virginia University Cancer Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Randy J Nelson
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
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Alanazi WA, Al-Harbi NO, Imam F, Ansari MA, Alhoshani A, Alasmari AF, Alasmari F, Alanazi MM, Ali N. Role of carnitine in regulation of blood pressure (MAP/SBP) and gene expression of cardiac hypertrophy markers (α/β-MHC) during insulin-induced hypoglycaemia: Role of oxidative stress. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2020; 48:478-489. [PMID: 33368625 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death in diabetic patients. Hyperglycaemia and iatrogenic hypoglycaemia exacerbate several pathogenic mechanisms underlying hypertension and heart diseases. Carnitine is a potent endogenous antioxidant and cellular fatty acid transporter for antioxidative stress and energy production in the cardiovascular system. The current study aimed to find the role of carnitine in the regulation of hypoglycaemia-induced hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy. Male rats received insulin glargine (InG) to induce hypoglycaemia followed by D-carnitine or acetyl-L-carnitine for carnitine depletion or carnitine supplementation, respectively. The obtained results showed that carnitine deficiency provoked hypoglycaemia-induced hypertension. Mean arterial pressure was elevated from 78.16 ± 11.4 to 100 ± 5.11 mm Hg in InG treated group, and from 78.2 ± 8.5 to 123.4 ± 28.2 mm Hg in InG + D-carnitine treated group. Acetyl-L-carnitine resisted the elevation in blood pressure in all hypoglycaemic animals and kept it within the normal values (68.33 ± 6.7 mm Hg). Acetyl-L-carnitine increased myocardial carnitine content leading to the attenuation of hypoglycaemia-induced oxidative stress, which was evaluated through measurement of the oxidative stress biomarkers such as inducible nitric oxide synthase, NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase-1, heme oxygenase-I, and glutathione S-transferase. Moreover, acetyl-L-carnitine prevented induction of gene expression of cardiac hypertrophy markers during hypoglycaemic conditions, which was assessed via the evaluation of mRNA expression of α-myosin heavy chain and β-myosin heavy chain. These findings demonstrate that carnitine might play an essential role in prevention of hypoglycaemia-induced hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy through providing energy and antioxidants to the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael A Alanazi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif O Al-Harbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Imam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mushtaq A Ansari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Alhoshani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah F Alasmari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fawaz Alasmari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M Alanazi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nemat Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Xu W, Jain MK, Zhang L. Molecular link between circadian clocks and cardiac function: a network of core clock, slave clock, and effectors. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2020; 57:28-40. [PMID: 33189913 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2020.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The circadian rhythm has a strong influence on both cardiac physiology and disease in humans. Preclinical studies primarily using tissue-specific transgenic mouse models have contributed to our understanding of the molecular mechanism of the circadian clock in the cardiovascular system. The core clock driven by CLOCK:BMAL1 complex functions as a universal timing machinery that primarily sets the pace in all mammalian cell types. In one specific cell or tissue type, core clock may control a secondary transcriptional oscillator, conceptualized as slave clock, which confers the oscillatory expression of tissue-specific effectors. Here, we discuss a core clock-slave clock-effectors network, which links the molecular clock to cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyi Xu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mukesh K Jain
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, USA; School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Lilei Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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26
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Zhou Z, Yuan J, Zhu D, Chen Y, Qian Z, Wang Y, Ge P, Wang Q, Hou X, Zou J. CLOCK-BMAL1 regulates circadian oscillation of ventricular arrhythmias in failing hearts through β1 adrenergic receptor. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:6122-6135. [PMID: 33194018 PMCID: PMC7653582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) in chronic heart failure (CHF) exhibits a notable circadian rhythm, for which the underlying mechanism has not yet been well defined. Thus, we aimed to investigate the role of cardiac core circadian genes on circadian VAs in CHF. First, a guinea pig CHF model was created by transaortic constriction. Circadian oscillation of core clock genes was evaluated by RT-PCR and was found to be unaltered in CHF (P > 0.05). Using programmed electrical stimulation in Langendorff-perfused failing hearts, we discovered that the CHF group exhibited increased VAs with greater incidence at CT3 compared to CT15 upon isoproterenol (ISO) stimulation. Circadian VAs was blunted by a β1-AR-selective blocker rather than a β2-AR-selective blocker. Circadian oscillation of β1-AR was retained in CHF (P > 0.05) and a 4-h phase delay between β1-AR and CLOCK-BMAL1 was recorded. Therefore, when CLOCK-BMAL1 was overexpressed using adenovirus infection, an induced overexpression of β1-AR also ensued, which resulted in prolonged action potential duration (APD) and enhanced arrhythmic response to ISO stimulation in cardiomyocytes (P < 0.05). Finally, chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase assays confirmed that CLOCK-BMAL1 binds to the enhancer of β1-AR gene and upregulates β1-AR expression. Therefore, in this study, we discovered that CLOCK-BMAL1 regulates the expression of β1-AR on a transcriptional level and subsequently modulates circadian VAs in CHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiamin Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Didi Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda HospitalNanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanhong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiyong Qian
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peibin Ge
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Quanpeng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaofeng Hou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiangang Zou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Slomnicki LP, Myers SA, Saraswat Ohri S, Parsh MV, Andres KR, Chariker JH, Rouchka EC, Whittemore SR, Hetman M. Improved locomotor recovery after contusive spinal cord injury in Bmal1 -/- mice is associated with protection of the blood spinal cord barrier. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14212. [PMID: 32848194 PMCID: PMC7450087 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71131-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor BMAL1/ARNTL is a non-redundant component of the clock pathway that regulates circadian oscillations of gene expression. Loss of BMAL1 perturbs organismal homeostasis and usually exacerbates pathological responses to many types of insults by enhancing oxidative stress and inflammation. Surprisingly, we observed improved locomotor recovery and spinal cord white matter sparing in Bmal1-/- mice after T9 contusive spinal cord injury (SCI). While acute loss of neurons and oligodendrocytes was unaffected, Bmal1 deficiency reduced the chronic loss of oligodendrocytes at the injury epicenter 6 weeks post SCI. At 3 days post-injury (dpi), decreased expression of genes associated with cell proliferation, neuroinflammation and disruption of the blood spinal cord barrier (BSCB) was also observed. Moreover, intraspinal extravasation of fibrinogen and immunoglobulins was decreased acutely at dpi 1 and subacutely at dpi 7. Subacute decrease of hemoglobin deposition was also observed. Finally, subacutely reduced levels of the leukocyte marker CD45 and even greater reduction of the pro-inflammatory macrophage receptor CD36 suggest not only lower numbers of those cells but also their reduced inflammatory potential. These data indicate that Bmal1 deficiency improves SCI outcome, in part by reducing BSCB disruption and hemorrhage decreasing cytotoxic neuroinflammation and attenuating the chronic loss of oligodendrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz P Slomnicki
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Scott A Myers
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Sujata Saraswat Ohri
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, 511 S. Floyd St., MDR616, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA.
| | - Molly V Parsh
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Kariena R Andres
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Julia H Chariker
- Department of Computer Engineering and Computer Science, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
- Kentucky Biomedical Research Infrastructure Network Bioinformatics Core, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Eric C Rouchka
- Department of Computer Engineering and Computer Science, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
- Kentucky Biomedical Research Infrastructure Network Bioinformatics Core, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Scott R Whittemore
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Michal Hetman
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, 511 S. Floyd St., MDR616, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA.
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28
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Allison DB, Ren G, Peliciari-Garcia RA, Mia S, McGinnis GR, Davis J, Gamble KL, Kim JA, Young ME. Diurnal, metabolic and thermogenic alterations in a murine model of accelerated aging. Chronobiol Int 2020; 37:1119-1139. [PMID: 32819176 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2020.1796699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Senescence-Accelerated Mouse-Prone 8 (SAMP8) mice exhibit characteristics of premature aging, including hair loss, cognitive dysfunction, reduced physical activity, impaired metabolic homeostasis, cardiac dysfunction and reduced lifespan. Interestingly, circadian disruption can induce or augment many of these same pathologies. Moreover, previous studies have reported that SAMP8 mice exhibit abnormalities in circadian wheel-running behavior, indicating possible alterations in circadian clock function. These observations led to the hypothesis that 24 h rhythms in behavior and/or circadian clock function are altered in SAMP8 mice and that these alterations may contribute to perturbations in whole-body metabolism. Here, we report that 6-month-old SAMP8 mice exhibit a more prominent biphasic pattern in daily behaviors (food intake and physical activity) and whole-body metabolism (energy expenditure, respiratory exchange ratio), relative to SAMR1 control mice. Consistent with a delayed onset of food intake at the end of the light phase, SAMP8 mice exhibit a phase delay (1.3-1.9 h) in 24 h gene expression rhythms of major circadian clock components (bmal1, rev-erbα, per2, dbp) in peripheral tissues (liver, skeletal muscle, white adipose tissue [WAT], brown adipose tissue [BAT]). Forcing mice to consume food only during the dark period improved alignment of both whole-body metabolism and oscillations in expression of clock genes in peripheral tissues between SAMP8 and SAMR1 mice. Next, interrogation of metabolic genes revealed altered expression of thermogenesis mediators (ucp1, pgc1α, dio2) in WAT and/or BAT in SAMP8 mice. Interestingly, SAMP8 mice exhibit a decreased tolerance to an acute (5 h) cold challenge. Moreover, SAMP8 and SAMR1 mice exhibited differential responses to a chronic (1 week) decrease in ambient temperature; the greatest response in whole-body substrate selection was observed in SAMR1 mice. Collectively, these observations reveal differential behaviors (e.g. 24 h food intake patterns) in SAMP8 mice that are associated with perturbations in peripheral circadian clocks, metabolism and thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Allison
- School of Public Health, Indiana University , Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Guang Ren
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Rodrigo A Peliciari-Garcia
- Morphophysiology & Pathology Sector, Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo , Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sobuj Mia
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Graham R McGinnis
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jennifer Davis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Karen L Gamble
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jeong-A Kim
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Martin E Young
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Monfredi O, Lakatta EG. Complexities in cardiovascular rhythmicity: perspectives on circadian normality, ageing and disease. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 115:1576-1595. [PMID: 31150049 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological rhythms exist in organisms at all levels of complexity, in most organs and at myriad time scales. Our own biological rhythms are driven by energy emitted by the sun, interacting via our retinas with brain stem centres, which then send out complex messages designed to synchronize the behaviour of peripheral non-light sensing organs, to ensure optimal physiological responsiveness and performance of the organism based on the time of day. Peripheral organs themselves have autonomous rhythmic behaviours that can act independently from central nervous system control but is entrainable. Dysregulation of biological rhythms either through environment or disease has far-reaching consequences on health that we are only now beginning to appreciate. In this review, we focus on cardiovascular rhythms in health, with ageing and under disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Monfredi
- Division of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, 1800 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Laboratory of Cardiovascular Sciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Edward G Lakatta
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Sciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD, USA
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30
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Mia S, Kane MS, Latimer MN, Reitz CJ, Sonkar R, Benavides GA, Smith SR, Frank SJ, Martino TA, Zhang J, Darley-Usmar VM, Young ME. Differential effects of REV-ERBα/β agonism on cardiac gene expression, metabolism, and contractile function in a mouse model of circadian disruption. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 318:H1487-H1508. [PMID: 32357113 PMCID: PMC7311693 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00709.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cell-autonomous circadian clocks have emerged as temporal orchestrators of numerous biological processes. For example, the cardiomyocyte circadian clock modulates transcription, translation, posttranslational modifications, ion homeostasis, signaling cascades, metabolism, and contractility of the heart over the course of the day. Circadian clocks are composed of more than 10 interconnected transcriptional modulators, all of which have the potential to influence the cardiac transcriptome (and ultimately cardiac processes). These transcriptional modulators include BMAL1 and REV-ERBα/β; BMAL1 induces REV-ERBα/β, which in turn feeds back to inhibit BMAL1. Previous studies indicate that cardiomyocyte-specific BMAL1-knockout (CBK) mice exhibit a dysfunctional circadian clock (including decreased REV-ERBα/β expression) in the heart associated with abnormalities in cardiac mitochondrial function, metabolism, signaling, and contractile function. Here, we hypothesized that decreased REV-ERBα/β activity is responsible for distinct phenotypical alterations observed in CBK hearts. To test this hypothesis, CBK (and littermate control) mice were administered with the selective REV-ERBα/β agonist SR-9009 (100 mg·kg-1·day-1 for 8 days). SR-9009 administration was sufficient to normalize cardiac glycogen synthesis rates, cardiomyocyte size, interstitial fibrosis, and contractility in CBK hearts (without influencing mitochondrial complex activities, nor normalizing substrate oxidation and Akt/mTOR/GSK3β signaling). Collectively, these observations highlight a role for REV-ERBα/β as a mediator of a subset of circadian clock-controlled processes in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sobuj Mia
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Mariame S Kane
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Division of Molecular Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Mary N Latimer
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Cristine J Reitz
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ravi Sonkar
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Gloria A Benavides
- Division of Molecular Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Samuel R Smith
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Stuart J Frank
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Endocrinology Section, Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center Medical Service, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Tami A Martino
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Division of Molecular Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Victor M Darley-Usmar
- Division of Molecular Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Martin E Young
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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Abstract
The Earth turns on its axis every 24 h; almost all life on the planet has a mechanism - circadian rhythmicity - to anticipate the daily changes caused by this rotation. The molecular clocks that control circadian rhythms are being revealed as important regulators of physiology and disease. In humans, circadian rhythms have been studied extensively in the cardiovascular system. Many cardiovascular functions, such as endothelial function, thrombus formation, blood pressure and heart rate, are now known to be regulated by the circadian clock. Additionally, the onset of acute myocardial infarction, stroke, arrhythmias and other adverse cardiovascular events show circadian rhythmicity. In this Review, we summarize the role of the circadian clock in all major cardiovascular cell types and organs. Second, we discuss the role of circadian rhythms in cardiovascular physiology and disease. Finally, we postulate how circadian rhythms can serve as a therapeutic target by exploiting or altering molecular time to improve existing therapies and develop novel ones.
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32
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Abstract
Essentially all biological processes fluctuate over the course of the day, observed at cellular (eg, transcription, translation, and signaling), organ (eg, contractility and metabolism), and whole-body (eg, physical activity and appetite) levels. It is, therefore, not surprising that both cardiovascular physiology (eg, heart rate and blood pressure) and pathophysiology (eg, onset of adverse cardiovascular events) oscillate during the 24-hour day. Chronobiological influence over biological processes involves a complex interaction of factors that are extrinsic (eg, neurohumoral factors) and intrinsic (eg, circadian clocks) to cells. Here, we focus on circadian governance of 6 fundamentally important processes: metabolism, signaling, electrophysiology, extracellular matrix, clotting, and inflammation. In each case, we discuss (1) the physiological significance for circadian regulation of these processes (ie, the good); (2) the pathological consequence of circadian governance impairment (ie, the bad); and (3) whether persistence/augmentation of circadian influences contribute to pathogenesis during distinct disease states (ie, the ugly). Finally, the translational impact of chronobiology on cardiovascular disease is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Rana
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Sumanth D Prabhu
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Martin E Young
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham
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33
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Hu J, Xue Y, Tang K, Fan J, Du J, Li W, Chen S, Liu C, Ji W, Liang J, Zhuang J, Chen K. The protective effects of hydrogen sulfide on the myocardial ischemia via regulating Bmal1. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 120:109540. [PMID: 31639648 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the effect of hydrogen peroxide (H2S) on myocardial clock gene Bmal1 in ischemic cardiomyocytes. MATERIALS & METHODS Quantitative PCR (qPCR) was used to detect the expression of Bmal1 at the mRNA level in H9C2 rat cardiomyocytes. The protein expressions of Bax and Bcl-2, PI3K/Akt, caspase-3 were measured by western blotting. The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were determined by ELISA. RESULTS The expression level of clock gene Bmal1 demonstrated a clock rhythm of periodic oscillation within 24 h. Compared with the control group, H2S treatment maintained the rhythm of the clock gene in ischemic cardiomyocytes and increased the transcription and expression levels of Bmal1. H2S increased cell survival by activating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, inhibiting mitochondrial apoptosis signaling, and reducing intracellular oxidative stress. PI3K/Akt and Bmal1 were demonstrated to be involved in H2S protection of cardiomyocyte ischemia. Knockout of Bmal1 gene affects the degree of phosphorylation of Akt and Erk proteins, and the level of ROS production, resulting in a decrease in the protective effects of H2S. CONCLUSION The expression level of Bmal1 has effects on the function of cardiomyocytes such as ROS production. The potential mechanism by which H2S regulates clock genes may be related to the effect of clock genes on protein phosphorylation levels in ischemic cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqin Hu
- The Joint Research Center of Guangzhou University and Keele University for Gene Interference and Application, School of Life Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Yan Xue
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 96 DongChun Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Department of Anesthesia, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 96 DongChun Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Kai Tang
- The Joint Research Center of Guangzhou University and Keele University for Gene Interference and Application, School of Life Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Jing Fan
- The Joint Research Center of Guangzhou University and Keele University for Gene Interference and Application, School of Life Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Junxi Du
- The Joint Research Center of Guangzhou University and Keele University for Gene Interference and Application, School of Life Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Wenfu Li
- The Joint Research Center of Guangzhou University and Keele University for Gene Interference and Application, School of Life Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Siyu Chen
- China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Ave., Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Chang Liu
- China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Ave., Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Wenjin Ji
- Department of Anesthesia, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 96 DongChun Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jiexian Liang
- Department of Anesthesia, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 96 DongChun Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jian Zhuang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 96 DongChun Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Kun Chen
- The Joint Research Center of Guangzhou University and Keele University for Gene Interference and Application, School of Life Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
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Zhang J, Chatham JC, Young ME. Circadian Regulation of Cardiac Physiology: Rhythms That Keep the Heart Beating. Annu Rev Physiol 2019; 82:79-101. [PMID: 31589825 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-020518-114349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
On Earth, all life is exposed to dramatic changes in the environment over the course of the day; consequently, organisms have evolved strategies to both adapt to and anticipate these 24-h oscillations. As a result, time of day is a major regulator of mammalian physiology and processes, including transcription, signaling, metabolism, and muscle contraction, all of which oscillate over the course of the day. In particular, the heart is subject to wide fluctuations in energetic demand throughout the day as a result of waking, physical activity, and food intake patterns. Daily rhythms in cardiovascular function ensure that increased delivery of oxygen, nutrients, and endocrine factors to organs during the active period and the removal of metabolic by-products are in balance. Failure to maintain these physiologic rhythms invariably has pathologic consequences. This review highlights rhythms that underpin cardiac physiology. More specifically, we summarize the key aspects of cardiac physiology that oscillate over the course of the day and discuss potential mechanisms that regulate these 24-h rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Zhang
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA
| | - John C Chatham
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA
| | - Martin E Young
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA;
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35
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Park S, Colwell CS. Do Disruptions in the Circadian Timing System Contribute to Autonomic Dysfunction in Huntington's Disease? THE YALE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2019; 92:291-303. [PMID: 31249490 PMCID: PMC6585531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) patients suffer from a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that inflicts both motor and non-motor symptoms. HD is caused by a CAG repeat expansion within the first exon of the huntingtin (HTT) gene that produces a polyglutamine repeat that leads to protein misfolding, soluble aggregates, and inclusion bodies detected throughout the body. Both clinical and preclinical research indicate that cardiovascular dysfunction should be considered a core symptom in at least a subset of HD patients. There is strong evidence for dysautonomia (dysfunctional autonomic nervous system, ANS) in HD patients that can be detected early in the disease progression. The temporal patterning of ANS function is controlled by the circadian timing system based in the anterior hypothalamus. Patients with neurodegenerative diseases including HD exhibit disrupted sleep/wake cycle and, in preclinical models, there is compelling evidence that the circadian timing system is compromised early in the disease process. Here we review data from preclinical models of HD that explore the intersection between disruption of circadian rhythms and dysautonomia. This work will lead to new therapeutic strategies and standards of care for HD and other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saemi Park
- Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Physiology graduate program, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Christopher S. Colwell
- Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Physiology graduate program, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA,Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA,To whom all correspondence should be addressed: Christopher S. Colwell, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095; . http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1059-184X
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36
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Sleep disorders, nocturnal blood pressure, and cardiovascular risk: A translational perspective. Auton Neurosci 2019; 218:31-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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37
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Duong ATH, Reitz CJ, Louth EL, Creighton SD, Rasouli M, Zwaiman A, Kroetsch JT, Bolz SS, Winters BD, Bailey CDC, Martino TA. The Clock Mechanism Influences Neurobiology and Adaptations to Heart Failure in Clock ∆19/∆19 Mice With Implications for Circadian Medicine. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4994. [PMID: 30899044 PMCID: PMC6428811 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41469-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study we investigated the role of the circadian mechanism on cognition-relevant brain regions and neurobiological impairments associated with heart failure (HF), using murine models. We found that the circadian mechanism is an important regulator of healthy cognitive system neurobiology. Normal Clock∆19/∆19 mice had neurons with smaller apical dendrite trees in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), and hippocampus, showed impaired visual-spatial memory, and exhibited lower cerebrovascular myogenic tone, versus wild types (WT). We then used the left anterior descending coronary artery ligation model to investigate adaptations in response to HF. Intriguingly, adaptations to neuron morphology, memory, and cerebrovascular tone occurred in differing magnitude and direction between Clock∆19/∆19 and WT mice, ultimately converging in HF. To investigate this dichotomous response, we performed microarrays and found genes crucial for growth and stress pathways that were altered in Clock∆19/∆19 mPFC and hippocampus. Thus these data demonstrate for the first time that (i) the circadian mechanism plays a role in neuron morphology and function; (ii) there are changes in neuron morphology and function in HF; (iii) CLOCK influences neurobiological gene adaptations to HF at a cellular level. These findings have clinical relevance as patients with HF often present with concurrent neurocognitive impairments. There is no cure for HF, and new understanding is needed to reduce morbidity and improve the quality of life for HF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin T H Duong
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cristine J Reitz
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emma L Louth
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Mina Rasouli
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ashley Zwaiman
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeffrey T Kroetsch
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Boyer D Winters
- Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Craig D C Bailey
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Tami A Martino
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
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38
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Yan X, Huang Y, Wu J. Identify Cross Talk Between Circadian Rhythm and Coronary Heart Disease by Multiple Correlation Analysis. J Comput Biol 2018; 25:1312-1327. [PMID: 30234379 DOI: 10.1089/cmb.2017.0254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Disorder in circadian rhythm has been revealed as a risk factor for coronary heart disease. Several studies in molecular biology established a gene interaction network using coronary heart susceptibility genes and the circadian rhythm pathway. However, cross talk between genes was mostly discovered in single gene pairs. There might be combination sets of genes intergraded as a unit to regulate the network. To resolve multiple variables in coronary heart susceptibility genes controlling circadian rhythm pathways, a multiple correlation analysis was applied to the transcriptome. Nine genes, including CUGBP, Elav-like family member (CELF); sodium leak channel, nonselective (NALCN); protein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit B gamma (PPP2R2C); tubulin alpha 1c (TUBA1C); microtubule-associated protein 4 (MAP4); cofilin 1 (CFL1); myosin heavy chain 7 (MYH7); QKI, KH domain containing RNA binding (QKI); and maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase (MELK), from coronary heart susceptibility were identified to predict the outcome of a linear combination of circadian rhythm pathway genes with R factor more than 0.7. G protein subunit alpha o1 (GNAO1), protein kinase C gamma (PRKCG), RBX, and G protein subunit beta 1 (GNB1) in the circadian rhythm pathway are characterized as combination variables to coexpress with coronary heart susceptibility genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Yan
- 1 Department of Cardiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Institute of Coronary Heart Disease, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yu Huang
- 1 Department of Cardiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Institute of Coronary Heart Disease, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jiabin Wu
- 2 Department of Nephrology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou, China
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39
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Peliciari-Garcia RA, Darley-Usmar V, Young ME. An overview of the emerging interface between cardiac metabolism, redox biology and the circadian clock. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 119:75-84. [PMID: 29432800 PMCID: PMC6314011 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
At various biological levels, mammals must integrate with 24-hr rhythms in their environment. Daily fluctuations in stimuli/stressors of cardiac metabolism and oxidation-reduction (redox) status have been reported over the course of the day. It is therefore not surprising that the heart exhibits dramatic oscillations in various cellular processes over the course of the day, including transcription, translation, ion homeostasis, metabolism, and redox signaling. This temporal partitioning of cardiac processes is governed by a complex interplay between intracellular (e.g., circadian clocks) and extracellular (e.g., neurohumoral factors) influences, thus ensuring appropriate responses to daily stimuli/stresses. The purpose of the current article is to review knowledge regarding control of metabolism and redox biology in the heart over the course of the day, and to highlight whether disruption of these daily rhythms contribute towards cardiac dysfunction observed in various disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo A Peliciari-Garcia
- Morphophysiology & Pathology Sector, Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Victor Darley-Usmar
- Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Martin E Young
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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40
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Nakao T, Kohsaka A, Otsuka T, Thein ZL, Le HT, Waki H, Gouraud SS, Ihara H, Nakanishi M, Sato F, Muragaki Y, Maeda M. Impact of heart-specific disruption of the circadian clock on systemic glucose metabolism in mice. Chronobiol Int 2018; 35:499-510. [PMID: 29271671 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2017.1415922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The daily rhythm of glucose metabolism is governed by the circadian clock, which consists of cell-autonomous clock machineries residing in nearly every tissue in the body. Disruption of these clock machineries either environmentally or genetically induces the dysregulation of glucose metabolism. Although the roles of clock machineries in the regulation of glucose metabolism have been uncovered in major metabolic tissues, such as the pancreas, liver, and skeletal muscle, it remains unknown whether clock function in non-major metabolic tissues also affects systemic glucose metabolism. Here, we tested the hypothesis that disruption of the clock machinery in the heart might also affect systemic glucose metabolism, because heart function is known to be associated with glucose tolerance. We examined glucose and insulin tolerance as well as heart phenotypes in mice with heart-specific deletion of Bmal1, a core clock gene. Bmal1 deletion in the heart not only decreased heart function but also led to systemic insulin resistance. Moreover, hyperglycemia was induced with age. Furthermore, heart-specific Bmal1-deficient mice exhibited decreased insulin-induced phosphorylation of Akt in the liver, thus indicating that Bmal1 deletion in the heart causes hepatic insulin resistance. Our findings revealed an unexpected effect of the function of clock machinery in a non-major metabolic tissue, the heart, on systemic glucose metabolism in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Nakao
- a Department of Physiology , Wakayama Medical University , Wakayama , Japan
| | - Akira Kohsaka
- a Department of Physiology , Wakayama Medical University , Wakayama , Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Otsuka
- a Department of Physiology , Wakayama Medical University , Wakayama , Japan
| | - Zaw Lin Thein
- a Department of Physiology , Wakayama Medical University , Wakayama , Japan
| | - Hue Thi Le
- a Department of Physiology , Wakayama Medical University , Wakayama , Japan
| | - Hidefumi Waki
- d Graduate School of Health and Sports Science , Juntendo University , Chiba , Japan
| | - Sabine S Gouraud
- e Department of Biology, Faculty of Science , Ochanomizu University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Hayato Ihara
- c Radioisotope Laboratory Center , Wakayama Medical University , Wakayama , Japan
| | - Masako Nakanishi
- b Department of Pathology , Wakayama Medical University , Wakayama , Japan
| | - Fuyuki Sato
- b Department of Pathology , Wakayama Medical University , Wakayama , Japan
| | - Yasuteru Muragaki
- b Department of Pathology , Wakayama Medical University , Wakayama , Japan
| | - Masanobu Maeda
- a Department of Physiology , Wakayama Medical University , Wakayama , Japan
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41
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Wu Q, Zhan J, Pu S, Qin L, Li Y, Zhou Z. Influence of aging on the activity of mice Sca-1+CD31- cardiac stem cells. Oncotarget 2018; 8:29-41. [PMID: 27980224 PMCID: PMC5352119 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic application of cardiac resident stem/progenitor cells (CSC/CPCs) is limited due to decline of their regenerative potential with donor age. A variety of studies have shown that the cardiac aging was the problem of the stem cells, but little is known about the impact of age on the subgroups CSC/CPCs, the relationship between subgroups CSC/CPCs ageing and age-related dysfunction. Here, we studied Sca-1+CD31− subgroups of CSCs from younger(2~3months) and older(22~24months) age mice, biological differentiation was realized using specific mediums for 14 days to induce cardiomyocyte, smooth muscle cells or endothelial cells and immunostain analysis of differentiated cell resulting were done. Proliferation and cell cycle were measured by flow cytometry assay, then used microarray to dissect variability from younger and older mice. Although the number of CSCs was higher in older mice, the advanced age significantly reduced the differentiation ability into cardiac cell lineages and the proliferation ability. Transcriptional changes in Sca-1+CD31− subgroups of CSCs during aging are related to Vitamin B6 metabolism, circadian rhythm, Tyrosine metabolism, Complement and coagulation cascades. Taking together these results indicate that Cardiac resident stem/progenitor cells have significant differences in their proliferative, pluripotency and gene profiles and those differences are age depending.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Stem cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Jinxi Zhan
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Stem cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Shiming Pu
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Stem cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Liu Qin
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Stem cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Yun Li
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Stem cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Zuping Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Stem cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
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42
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Hsieh PN, Zhang L, Jain MK. Coordination of cardiac rhythmic output and circadian metabolic regulation in the heart. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:403-416. [PMID: 28825119 PMCID: PMC5765194 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2606-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Over the course of a 24-h day, demand on the heart rises and falls with the sleep/wake cycles of the organism. Cardiac metabolism oscillates appropriately, with the relative contributions of major energy sources changing in a circadian fashion. The cardiac peripheral clock is hypothesized to drive many of these changes, yet the precise mechanisms linking the cardiac clock to metabolism remain a source of intense investigation. Here we summarize the current understanding of circadian alterations in cardiac metabolism and physiology, with an emphasis on novel findings from unbiased transcriptomic studies. Additionally, we describe progress in elucidating the links between the cardiac peripheral clock outputs and cardiac metabolism, as well as their implications for cardiac physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paishiun Nelson Hsieh
- Department of Medicine, Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, 2103 Cornell Road, Room 4-503, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Lilei Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mukesh Kumar Jain
- Department of Medicine, Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, 2103 Cornell Road, Room 4-503, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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43
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Altered Circadian Timing System-Mediated Non-Dipping Pattern of Blood Pressure and Associated Cardiovascular Disorders in Metabolic and Kidney Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020400. [PMID: 29385702 PMCID: PMC5855622 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The morning surge in blood pressure (BP) coincides with increased cardiovascular (CV) events. This strongly suggests that an altered circadian rhythm of BP plays a crucial role in the development of CV disease (CVD). A disrupted circadian rhythm of BP, such as the non-dipping type of hypertension (i.e., absence of nocturnal BP decline), is frequently observed in metabolic disorders and chronic kidney disease (CKD). The circadian timing system, controlled by the central clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus and/or by peripheral clocks in the heart, vasculature, and kidneys, modulates the 24 h oscillation of BP. However, little information is available regarding the molecular and cellular mechanisms of an altered circadian timing system-mediated disrupted dipping pattern of BP in metabolic disorders and CKD that can lead to the development of CV events. A more thorough understanding of this pathogenesis could provide novel therapeutic strategies for the management of CVD. This short review will address our and others' recent findings on the molecular mechanisms that may affect the dipping pattern of BP in metabolic dysfunction and kidney disease and its association with CV disorders.
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44
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Young ME. Temporal partitioning of cardiac metabolism by the cardiomyocyte circadian clock. Exp Physiol 2018; 101:1035-9. [PMID: 27474266 DOI: 10.1113/ep085779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the topic of this review? This review highlights temporal partitioning of cardiac metabolism by the cardiomyocyte circadian clock. What advances does it highlight? Advances include: 1) cardiac glucose utilization peaks during the active period to meet increased energetic demands at this time; 2) synthesis of glycogen and triglyceride peak in the heart during the latter half of the active period, likely in anticipation of the upcoming sleep/fasting period; and 3) protein turnover increases in the heart at the beginning of the sleep phase, probably to promote growth and repair at this time. Cell-autonomous circadian clocks have emerged as crucial mediators of 24 h rhythms in cellular processes. In doing so, these molecular timekeepers confer the selective advantage of anticipation, allowing cells and organs to prepare for stimuli and stresses before their onset. The heart is subjected to dramatic fluctuations in energetic demand and nutrient supply in association with sleep-wake and fasting-feeding cycles. Recent studies suggest that the cardiomyocyte circadian clock orchestrates daily rhythms in both oxidative and non-oxidative glucose and fatty acid metabolism, as well as protein turnover. Here, I review this evidence and discuss whether disruption of these rhythms can contribute to cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin E Young
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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45
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Peliciari-Garcia RA, Bargi-Souza P, Young ME, Nunes MT. Repercussions of hypo and hyperthyroidism on the heart circadian clock. Chronobiol Int 2017; 35:147-159. [PMID: 29111822 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2017.1388253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial gene expression and metabolism fluctuate over the course of the day in association with changes in energy supply and demand. Time-of-day-dependent oscillations in myocardial processes have been linked to the intrinsic cardiomyocyte circadian clock. Triiodothyronine (T3) is an important modulator of heart metabolism and function. Recently, our group has reported time-of-day-dependent rhythms in cardiac T3 sensitivity, as well as, T3-mediated acute alterations on core clock components. Hypo and hyperthyroidism are the second most prevalent endocrine disease worldwide. Considering the importance of the cardiomyocyte circadian clock and T3 to cardiac physiology, the aim of this study was to investigate the consequences of chronic hypo and hyperthyroidism on 24-h rhythms of circadian clock genes in the heart. Hypo and hyperthyroidism was induced in rats by thyroidectomy (Tx) and i.p. injections of supraphysiological dose of T3, respectively. Here we report alterations in mRNA levels of the major core clock components (Bmal1, Per2, Nr1d1, and Rora) for both experimental conditions (with the exception of Per2 during hyperthyroid condition). Oscillations in mRNA levels of key glucose and fatty-acid metabolism genes known to be clock controlled (Pdk4, Ucp3, Acot1, and Cd36) were equally affected by the experimental conditions, especially during the hypothyroid state. These findings suggest that chronic alterations in thyroid status significantly impacts 24-h rhythms in circadian clock and metabolic genes in the heart. Whether these perturbations contribute toward the pathogenesis of cardiac dysfunction associated with hypo and hyperthyroidism requires further elucidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo A Peliciari-Garcia
- a Morphophysiology & Pathology Sector, Department of Biological Sciences , Federal University of São Paulo , Diadema , Brazil.,b Department of Physiology and Biophysics , Institute of Biomedical Sciences-I, University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Paula Bargi-Souza
- b Department of Physiology and Biophysics , Institute of Biomedical Sciences-I, University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Martin E Young
- c Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine , University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham , AL , USA
| | - Maria Tereza Nunes
- b Department of Physiology and Biophysics , Institute of Biomedical Sciences-I, University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
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Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes as an in vitro model for circadian rhythms in the heart. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2017; 112:58-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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McGinnis GR, Tang Y, Brewer RA, Brahma MK, Stanley HL, Shanmugam G, Rajasekaran NS, Rowe GC, Frank SJ, Wende AR, Abel ED, Taegtmeyer H, Litovsky S, Darley-Usmar V, Zhang J, Chatham JC, Young ME. Genetic disruption of the cardiomyocyte circadian clock differentially influences insulin-mediated processes in the heart. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2017; 110:80-95. [PMID: 28736261 PMCID: PMC5586500 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular physiology exhibits time-of-day-dependent oscillations, which are mediated by both extrinsic (e.g., environment/behavior) and intrinsic (e.g., circadian clock) factors. Disruption of circadian rhythms negatively affects multiple cardiometabolic parameters. Recent studies suggest that the cardiomyocyte circadian clock directly modulates responsiveness of the heart to metabolic stimuli (e.g., fatty acids) and stresses (e.g., ischemia/reperfusion). The aim of this study was to determine whether genetic disruption of the cardiomyocyte circadian clock impacts insulin-regulated pathways in the heart. Genetic disruption of the circadian clock in cardiomyocyte-specific Bmal1 knockout (CBK) and cardiomyocyte-specific Clock mutant (CCM) mice altered expression (gene and protein) of multiple insulin signaling components in the heart, including p85α and Akt. Both baseline and insulin-mediated Akt activation was augmented in CBK and CCM hearts (relative to littermate controls). However, insulin-mediated glucose utilization (both oxidative and non-oxidative) and AS160 phosphorylation were attenuated in CBK hearts, potentially secondary to decreased Inhibitor-1. Consistent with increased Akt activation in CBK hearts, mTOR signaling was persistently increased, which was associated with attenuation of autophagy, augmented rates of protein synthesis, and hypertrophy. Importantly, pharmacological inhibition of mTOR (rapamycin; 10days) normalized cardiac size in CBK mice. These data suggest that disruption of cardiomyocyte circadian clock differentially influences insulin-regulated processes, and provide new insights into potential pathologic mediators following circadian disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham R McGinnis
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Yawen Tang
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Rachel A Brewer
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Manoja K Brahma
- Division of Molecular Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Haley L Stanley
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Gobinath Shanmugam
- Division of Molecular Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Namakkal Soorappan Rajasekaran
- Division of Molecular Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Glenn C Rowe
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Stuart J Frank
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Adam R Wende
- Division of Molecular Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - E Dale Abel
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine and Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Heinrich Taegtmeyer
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School UT Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Silvio Litovsky
- Division of Molecular Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Victor Darley-Usmar
- Division of Molecular Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Division of Molecular Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - John C Chatham
- Division of Molecular Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Martin E Young
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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Durgan DJ, Crossland RF, Bryan RM. The rat cerebral vasculature exhibits time-of-day-dependent oscillations in circadian clock genes and vascular function that are attenuated following obstructive sleep apnea. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2017; 37:2806-2819. [PMID: 27798273 PMCID: PMC5536790 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x16675879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Circadian clock components oscillate in cells of the cardiovascular system. Disruption of these oscillations has been observed in cardiovascular diseases. We hypothesized that obstructive sleep apnea, which is associated with cerebrovascular diseases, disrupts the cerebrovascular circadian clock and rhythms in vascular function. Apneas were produced in rats during sleep. Following two weeks of sham or obstructive sleep apnea, cerebral arteries were isolated over 24 h for mRNA and functional analysis. mRNA expression of clock genes exhibited 24-h rhythms in cerebral arteries of sham rats (p < 0.05). Interestingly, peak expression of clock genes was significantly lower following obstructive sleep apnea (p < 0.05). Obstructive sleep apnea did not alter clock genes in the heart, or rhythms in locomotor activity. Isolated posterior cerebral arteries from sham rats exhibited a diurnal rhythm in sensitivity to luminally applied ATP, being most responsive at the beginning of the active phase (p < 0.05). This rhythm was absent in arteries from obstructive sleep apnea rats (p < 0.05). Rhythms in ATP sensitivity in sham vessels were absent, and not different from obstructive sleep apnea, following treatment with L-NAME and indomethacin. We conclude that cerebral arteries possess a functional circadian clock and exhibit a diurnal rhythm in vasoreactivity to ATP. Obstructive sleep apnea attenuates these rhythms in cerebral arteries, potentially contributing to obstructive sleep apnea-associated cerebrovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Durgan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
| | - Randy F Crossland
- Department of Anesthesiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
| | - Robert M Bryan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
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50
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Potucek P, Radik M, Doka G, Kralova E, Krenek P, Klimas J. mRNA levels of circadian clock components Bmal1 and Per2 alter independently from dosing time-dependent efficacy of combination treatment with valsartan and amlodipine in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Clin Exp Hypertens 2017; 39:754-763. [PMID: 28665713 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2017.1324480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Chronopharmacological effects of antihypertensives play a role in the outcome of hypertension therapy. However, studies produce contradictory findings when combination of valsartan plus amlodipine (VA) is applied. Here, we hypothesized different efficacy of morning versus evening dosing of VA in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and the involvement of circadian clock genes Bmal1 and Per2. We tested the therapy outcome in short-term and also long-term settings. SHRs aged between 8 and 10 weeks were treated with 10 mg/kg of valsartan and 4 mg/kg of amlodipine, either in the morning or in the evening with treatment duration 1 or 6 weeks and compared with parallel placebo groups. After short-term treatment, only morning dosing resulted in significant blood pressure (BP) control (measured by tail-cuff method) when compared to placebo, while after long-term treatment, both dosing groups gained similar superior results in BP control against placebo. However, mRNA levels of Bmal1 and Per2 (measured by RT-PCR) exhibited an independent pattern, with similar alterations in left and right ventricle, kidney as well as in aorta predominantly in groups with evening dosing in both, short-term and also long-term settings. This was accompanied by increased cardiac mRNA expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. In summary, morning dosing proved to be advantageous due to earlier onset of antihypertensive action; however, long-term treatment was demonstrated to be effective regardless of administration time. Our findings also suggest that combination of VA may serve as an independent modulator of circadian clock and might influence disease progression beyond the primary BP lowering effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Potucek
- a Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Department Pharmacology and Toxicology , Comenius University Bratislava , Bratislava , Slovak Republic
| | - Michal Radik
- a Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Department Pharmacology and Toxicology , Comenius University Bratislava , Bratislava , Slovak Republic
| | - Gabriel Doka
- a Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Department Pharmacology and Toxicology , Comenius University Bratislava , Bratislava , Slovak Republic
| | - Eva Kralova
- a Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Department Pharmacology and Toxicology , Comenius University Bratislava , Bratislava , Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Krenek
- a Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Department Pharmacology and Toxicology , Comenius University Bratislava , Bratislava , Slovak Republic
| | - Jan Klimas
- a Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Department Pharmacology and Toxicology , Comenius University Bratislava , Bratislava , Slovak Republic
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