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Henson J, Covenant A, Hall AP, Herring L, Rowlands AV, Yates T, Davies MJ. Waking Up to the Importance of Sleep in Type 2 Diabetes Management: A Narrative Review. Diabetes Care 2024; 47:331-343. [PMID: 38394635 DOI: 10.2337/dci23-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
For the first time, the latest American Diabetes Association/European Association for the Study of Diabetes (ADA/EASD) consensus guidelines have incorporated a growing body of evidence linking health outcomes associated with type 2 diabetes to the movement behavior composition over the whole 24-h day. Of particular note, the importance of sleep as a key lifestyle component in the management of type 2 diabetes is promulgated and presented using three key constructs: quantity, quality, and timing (i.e., chronotype). In this narrative review we highlight some of the key evidence justifying the inclusion of sleep in the latest consensus guidelines by examining the associations of quantity, quality, and timing of sleep with measures of glycemia, cardiovascular disease risk, and mortality. We also consider potential mechanisms implicated in the association between sleep and type 2 diabetes and provide practical advice for health care professionals about initiating conversations pertaining to sleep in clinical care. In particular, we emphasize the importance of measuring sleep in a free-living environment and provide a summary of the different methodologies and targets. In summary, although the latest ADA/EASD consensus report highlights sleep as a central component in the management of type 2 diabetes, placing it, for the first time, on a level playing field with other lifestyle behaviors (e.g., physical activity and diet), the evidence base for improving sleep (beyond sleep disorders) in those living with type 2 diabetes is limited. This review should act as a timely reminder to incorporate sleep into clinical consultations, ongoing diabetes education, and future interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Henson
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Diabetes Research Centre, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, U.K
| | - Alix Covenant
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Diabetes Research Centre, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, U.K
| | - Andrew P Hall
- University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, U.K
- Hanning Sleep Laboratory, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, U.K
| | - Louisa Herring
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Diabetes Research Centre, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, U.K
- University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, U.K
| | - Alex V Rowlands
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Diabetes Research Centre, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, U.K
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), UniSA Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Thomas Yates
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Diabetes Research Centre, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, U.K
| | - Melanie J Davies
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Diabetes Research Centre, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, U.K
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Lee DY, Jung I, Park SY, Yu JH, Seo JA, Kim KJ, Kim NH, Yoo HJ, Kim SG, Choi KM, Baik SH, Kim NH. Attention to Innate Circadian Rhythm and the Impact of Its Disruption on Diabetes. Diabetes Metab J 2024; 48:37-52. [PMID: 38173377 PMCID: PMC10850272 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2023.0193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Novel strategies are required to reduce the risk of developing diabetes and/or clinical outcomes and complications of diabetes. In this regard, the role of the circadian system may be a potential candidate for the prevention of diabetes. We reviewed evidence from animal, clinical, and epidemiological studies linking the circadian system to various aspects of the pathophysiology and clinical outcomes of diabetes. The circadian clock governs genetic, metabolic, hormonal, and behavioral signals in anticipation of cyclic 24-hour events through interactions between a "central clock" in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and "peripheral clocks" in the whole body. Currently, circadian rhythmicity in humans can be subjectively or objectively assessed by measuring melatonin and glucocorticoid levels, core body temperature, peripheral blood, oral mucosa, hair follicles, rest-activity cycles, sleep diaries, and circadian chronotypes. In this review, we summarized various circadian misalignments, such as altered light-dark, sleep-wake, rest-activity, fasting-feeding, shift work, evening chronotype, and social jetlag, as well as mutations in clock genes that could contribute to the development of diabetes and poor glycemic status in patients with diabetes. Targeting critical components of the circadian system could deliver potential candidates for the treatment and prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Young Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Inha Jung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - So Young Park
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Hee Yu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji A Seo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyeong Jin Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nam Hoon Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Jin Yoo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sin Gon Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Mook Choi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sei Hyun Baik
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nan Hee Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- BK21 FOUR R&E Center for Learning Health Systems, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
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Avelar-Barragan J, Mendez Luque LF, Nguyen J, Nguyen H, Odegaard AO, Fleischman AG, Whiteson KL. Characterizing the microbiome of patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms during a Mediterranean diet intervention. mBio 2023; 14:e0230823. [PMID: 37877698 PMCID: PMC10746218 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02308-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The gut microbiome serves as an interface between the host and the diet. Diet and the gut microbiome both play important roles in managing inflammation, which is a key aspect of myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN). Studies have shown that a Mediterranean (MED) diet can reduce inflammation. Therefore, we longitudinally characterized the gut microbiomes of MPN patients in response to Mediterranean or standard 2020 US Guidelines for Americans dietary counseling to determine whether there were microbiome-associated changes in inflammation. We did not find significant changes in the gut microbiome associated with diet, but we did find several associations with inflammation. This research paves the way for future studies by identifying potential mechanistic targets implicated in inflammation within the MPN gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Avelar-Barragan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Laura F. Mendez Luque
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Jenny Nguyen
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Hellen Nguyen
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Andrew O. Odegaard
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Angela G. Fleischman
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Katrine L. Whiteson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
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Vales-Villamarín C, de Dios O, Mahíllo-Fernández I, Perales M, Pérez-Nadador I, Gavela-Pérez T, Soriano-Guillén L, Garcés C. Sex-dependent relationship of polymorphisms in CLOCK and REV-ERBα genes with body mass index and lipid levels in children. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22127. [PMID: 38092833 PMCID: PMC10719338 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49506-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms, which are governed by a circadian clock, regulate important biological processes associated with obesity. SNPs in circadian clock genes have been linked to energy and lipid homeostasis. The aim of our study was to evaluate the associations of CLOCK and REV-ERBα SNPs with BMI and plasma lipid levels in pre-pubertal boys and girls. The study sample population comprised 1268 children aged 6-8 years. Information regarding anthropometric parameters and plasma lipid concentrations was available. Genotyping of CLOCK SNPs rs1801260, rs4580704, rs3749474, rs3736544 and rs4864548 and REV-ERBα SNPs rs2017427, rs20711570 and rs2314339 was performed by RT-PCR. The CLOCK SNPs rs3749474 and rs4864548 were significantly associated with BMI in girls but no in boys. Female carriers of the minor alleles for these SNPs presented lower BMI compared to non-carriers. A significant association of the REV-ERBα SNP rs2071570 with plasma total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and Apo B in males was also observed. Male AA carriers showed lower plasma levels of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and Apo B levels as compared with carriers of the C allele. No significant associations between any of the studied REV-ERBα SNPs and plasma lipid levels were observed in females. In summary, CLOCK and REV-ERBα SNPs were associated with BMI and plasma lipid levels respectively in a sex-dependent manner. Our findings suggest that sex-related factors may interact with Clock genes SNPs conditioning the effects of these polymorphisms on circadian alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olaya de Dios
- Lipid Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Macarena Perales
- Lipid Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Iris Pérez-Nadador
- Lipid Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Carmen Garcés
- Lipid Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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Ren Y, Zeng Y, Wu Y, Yu J, Zhang Q, Xiao X. The Role of Gut Microbiota in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Affecting Intergenerational Glucose Metabolism: Possible Mechanisms and Interventions. Nutrients 2023; 15:4551. [PMID: 37960204 PMCID: PMC10648599 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of type 2 diabetes is increasing every year and has become a serious public health problem. In addition to genetic factors, environmental factors in early life development are risk factors for diabetes. There is growing evidence that the gut microbiota plays an important role in glucose metabolism, and the gut microbiota of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) differs significantly from that of healthy pregnant women. This article reviews the role of maternal gut microbiota in offspring glucose metabolism. To explore the potential mechanisms by which the gut microbiota affects glucose metabolism in offspring, we summarize clinical studies and experimental animal models that support the hypothesis that the gut microbiota affects glucose metabolism in offspring from dams with GDM and discuss interventions that could improve glucose metabolism in offspring. Given that adverse pregnancy outcomes severely impact the quality of survival, reversing the deleterious effects of abnormal glucose metabolism in offspring through early intervention is important for both mothers and their offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaolin Ren
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; (Y.R.); (Y.Z.); (Y.W.); (J.Y.)
| | - Yuan Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; (Y.R.); (Y.Z.); (Y.W.); (J.Y.)
| | - Yifan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; (Y.R.); (Y.Z.); (Y.W.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jie Yu
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; (Y.R.); (Y.Z.); (Y.W.); (J.Y.)
| | - Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; (Y.R.); (Y.Z.); (Y.W.); (J.Y.)
| | - Xinhua Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; (Y.R.); (Y.Z.); (Y.W.); (J.Y.)
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, The Translational Medicine Center of Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
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Park H, Jeon H, Lee KJ, Kim CG, Shin D. Seaweed intake modulates the association between VIPR2 variants and the incidence of metabolic syndrome in middle-aged Koreans. Food Funct 2023; 14:9446-9456. [PMID: 37807848 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo02425c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Vasoactive intrinsic peptide receptor (VIPR2), a circadian gene, is involved in metabolic homeostasis and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Seaweeds contain polysaccharides that regulate metabolic homeostasis, possibly by altering the effects of VIPR2 variants. We examined the relationship between VIPR2 expression and the incidence of MetS based on seaweed consumption. This study included 4979 Koreans aged ≥40 years using data from the Ansan-Ansung cohort of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. The total seaweeds included were laver, kelp, and sea mustard. A multivariable Cox proportional hazards model was used to analyze the interactions between the VIPR2 rs6950857 genotype associated with MetS incidence and seaweed intake after adjusting for covariates such as region. A total of 2134 patients with MetS were followed for an average of 8.9 years. In men with the GG genotype of rs6950857, the highest quintile of seaweed consumption was associated with a decreased incidence of MetS compared with that of the lowest quintile (hazard ratio, 0.78; 95% confidence interval, 0.62-0.98). We identified a unique association between the rs6950857 genotype, seaweed intake, and MetS. These findings highlight the importance of VIPR2 and the regulatory role of seaweed consumption in MetS incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haeun Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyunyu Jeon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyung Ju Lee
- Department of Women's Rehabilitation, National Rehabilitation Center, 58, Samgaksan-ro, Gangbuk-gu, Seoul 01022, Republic of Korea
| | - Choong-Gon Kim
- Ocean Climate Response & Ecosystem Research Department, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, 385, Haeyang-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan 49111, Republic of Korea
| | - Dayeon Shin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea.
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Pei H, Li S, Su X, Lu Y, Wang Z, Wu S. Association between triglyceride glucose index and sleep disorders: results from the NHANES 2005-2008. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:156. [PMID: 36899383 PMCID: PMC10007799 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04434-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To determine the association between sleep disorders and Triglyceride glucose index. METHODS A cross-sectional analysis of the 2005 to 2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) was performed. The 2005 to 2008 NHANES national household survey for adults ≥ 20 years was examined for the sleep disorders.TyG index: ln [triglyceride (mg/ dL) × fasting blood glucose (mg/dL)/2].Multivariable logistic and linear regression models were used to explore the association between the TyG index and sleep disorders. RESULTS A total of 4,029 patients were included. Higher TyG index is significantly associated with elevated sleep disorders in U.S. adults. TyG was moderately correlated with HOMA-IR (Spearman r = 0.51). TyG was associated with higher odds of sleep disorders(adjusted OR [aOR],1.896; 95% CI, 1.260 2.854), Sleep apnea (aOR, 1.559; 95% CI, 0.660 3.683), Insomnia(aOR, 1.914;95% CI, 0.531 6.896), and Restless legs (aOR, 7.759; 95% CI,1.446 41.634). CONCLUSIONS In this study, our result shown that population with higher TyG index are significantly more likely to have sleep disorders in U.S. adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Pei
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Shuyu Li
- Department of Cardiology , Tangshan Worker's Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Xin Su
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Yangyang Lu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Cangzhou People's Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Zhijun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China.
| | - Shouling Wu
- Department of Cardiology, KaiLuan General Hospital, Tangshan, China
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Ambroselli D, Masciulli F, Romano E, Catanzaro G, Besharat ZM, Massari MC, Ferretti E, Migliaccio S, Izzo L, Ritieni A, Grosso M, Formichi C, Dotta F, Frigerio F, Barbiera E, Giusti AM, Ingallina C, Mannina L. New Advances in Metabolic Syndrome, from Prevention to Treatment: The Role of Diet and Food. Nutrients 2023; 15:640. [PMID: 36771347 PMCID: PMC9921449 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The definition of metabolic syndrome (MetS) has undergone several changes over the years due to the difficulty in establishing universal criteria for it. Underlying the disorders related to MetS is almost invariably a pro-inflammatory state related to altered glucose metabolism, which could lead to elevated cardiovascular risk. Indeed, the complications closely related to MetS are cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). It has been observed that the predisposition to metabolic syndrome is modulated by complex interactions between human microbiota, genetic factors, and diet. This review provides a summary of the last decade of literature related to three principal aspects of MetS: (i) the syndrome's definition and classification, pathophysiology, and treatment approaches; (ii) prediction and diagnosis underlying the biomarkers identified by means of advanced methodologies (NMR, LC/GC-MS, and LC, LC-MS); and (iii) the role of foods and food components in prevention and/or treatment of MetS, demonstrating a possible role of specific foods intake in the development of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Ambroselli
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Masciulli
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Romano
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Catanzaro
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Maria Chiara Massari
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Ferretti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Migliaccio
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Health Sciences Section, University “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy
| | - Luana Izzo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alberto Ritieni
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- UNESCO, Health Education and Sustainable Development, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Michela Grosso
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Caterina Formichi
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Francesco Dotta
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Francesco Frigerio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Barbiera
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Giusti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Ingallina
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Luisa Mannina
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Chrononutrition-When We Eat Is of the Essence in Tackling Obesity. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235080. [PMID: 36501110 PMCID: PMC9739590 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic and relapsing public health problem with an extensive list of associated comorbidities. The worldwide prevalence of obesity has nearly tripled over the last five decades and continues to pose a serious threat to wider society and the wellbeing of future generations. The pathogenesis of obesity is complex but diet plays a key role in the onset and progression of the disease. The human diet has changed drastically across the globe, with an estimate that approximately 72% of the calories consumed today come from foods that were not part of our ancestral diets and are not compatible with our metabolism. Additionally, multiple nutrient-independent factors, e.g., cost, accessibility, behaviours, culture, education, work commitments, knowledge and societal set-up, influence our food choices and eating patterns. Much research has been focused on 'what to eat' or 'how much to eat' to reduce the obesity burden, but increasingly evidence indicates that 'when to eat' is fundamental to human metabolism. Aligning feeding patterns to the 24-h circadian clock that regulates a wide range of physiological and behavioural processes has multiple health-promoting effects with anti-obesity being a major part. This article explores the current understanding of the interactions between the body clocks, bioactive dietary components and the less appreciated role of meal timings in energy homeostasis and obesity.
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Influence of CLOCK Gene Variants on Weight Response after Bariatric Surgery. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173472. [PMID: 36079729 PMCID: PMC9460349 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The Circadian Locomotor Output Cycles Kaput (CLOCK) gene has been linked to metabolic dysfunction and obesity. The purpose of this study was to analyze the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of CLOCK gene with obesity and with long-term weight response after different bariatric surgery (BS) techniques. The cohort includes 375 patients with morbid obesity (MO) and 230 controls. In the association study of SNPs with weight response we combined several variables as phenotype at 6 years after surgery. The study protocol was registered in ISRCTN (ID80961259). The analysis of the selected SNPs was performed by allelic discrimination using Taqman® probes. The genotype association study was performed using the SNPStats program, with comparisons adjusted for sex, age, initial Body Mass Index, type 2 diabetes and hypertension diagnosis, and type of surgery. In the case-control study two of three SNPs were significantly associated with MO. The variant rs1801260 had a protective effect for MO whereas the TT genotype of rs3749474 variant had the strongest association with MO (OR = 2.25 (1.39–3.66); p = 0.0006). In the linear regression analysis both variants showed significant association with long-term weight loss and weight regain after BS, independently of the pre-surgery patient profile.
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Daytime Lipid Metabolism Modulated by CLOCK Gene Is Linked to Retinal Ganglion Cells Damage in Glaucoma. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12136374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Lipid metabolism is intimately linked to circadian mechanisms and light signaling. Deteriorated photic transduction because of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss occurring with glaucoma progression reduces perceived light amplitude, causing circadian disruption. To investigate associations with RGCs, total cholesterol (TC), its low-density (LDL-C) and high-density (HDL-C) fractions, and triglycerides (TG) were measured, under a controlled meal regimen, during daytime hours in 114 patients diagnosed with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). RGC damage was assessed by high-definition optical coherence tomography (HD-OCT). Analysis of eight clock, clock-related, and melatonin receptor gene polymorphisms was performed on 19 patients. RGC loss was associated with changes in lipid metabolism in a time-dependent manner. Morning (08:00) values of HDL-C (r = 0.613, p < 0.0001) and TG (r = 0.568, p < 0.0001) correlated positively with RGC global loss, while LDL-C at 08:00 had a weak correlation (r = 0.235; p = 0.012) but showed a strong correlation in the evening (20:00) (r = 0.533, p < 0.0001). The morning–evening gradients (MEGs, changes at 20:00 versus 08:00) in TC and LDL-C changed sign from a negative to a positive association in patients exceeding the 15% two-eye mean GLV threshold. MEG (LDL-C higher in the evening than in the morning) was positive only in POAG patients with the CLOCK_3111 TT genotype.
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12
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Garcia-Rios A, Ordovas JM. Chronodisruption and cardiovascular disease. CLINICA E INVESTIGACION EN ARTERIOSCLEROSIS : PUBLICACION OFICIAL DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE ARTERIOSCLEROSIS 2022; 34 Suppl 1:S32-S37. [PMID: 35125247 DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2021.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is an important challenge for clinicians, researchers and governments to reduce the impact on the global health burden and socioeconomic costs. Moreover, far from diminishing, cardiometabolic risk factors leading to CVD development are on the rise. In order to stop the CVD pandemic, it is not enough to merely attempt to control traditional risk factors. In this regard, chronobiology, the science that studies biological rhythms, has become an important field in research in the last years. Circadian disruption or chronodisruption, defined as a relevant disturbance of the internal temporal order of physiological circadian rhythms significantly increases the risk of CVD. In this article we review some of the evidence that has made chronobiology one of the most emerging scenarios to take into account in routine clinical practice in which a translation of all this evidence should be mandatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Garcia-Rios
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research in Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; CIBEROBN (CIBER in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jose M Ordovas
- CIBEROBN (CIBER in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, J.M, US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain; IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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Özata Uyar G, Yildiran H. The association among circadian rhythm, circadian genes and chrononutrition, its effect on obesity: a review of current evidence. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2022.2044631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Özata Uyar
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hilal Yildiran
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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14
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Chronotype: A Tool to Screen Eating Habits in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome? Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14050955. [PMID: 35267930 PMCID: PMC8912410 DOI: 10.3390/nu14050955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorders in women of reproductive age, whose lifestyle approach is an essential part of the treatment. Recently, chronotype, i.e., a trait that determines individual’s circadian preference in behavioral and biological rhythms, has been reported to play a role in determining nutrition preferences and the risk of developing chronic diseases. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate if chronotype categories (morning, evening, and neither) could be used as tool to screen eating habits in women with PCOS. In this observational cross-sectional study, we assessed anthropometric measurements, lifestyle habits, chronotype categories, adherence to the Mediterranean Diet, dietary pattern, and metabolic parameters in 112 women with PCOS. Chronotype was classified as morning in 27.7%, evening in 42.9%, and neither in 29.5% of subjects. Women with PCOS with evening chronotype showed significantly higher percentages of grade I (p = 0.003) and grade II obesity (p = 0.001), did less regular exercise (p < 0.001), and most of them were smokers (p < 0.001) compared to those with neither and morning chronotypes. Women with PCOS with evening chronotype were significantly more insulin resistant (Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HoMA-IR) cut off > 2.5) than other two chronotypes (p < 0.001). Women with PCOS with evening chronotype had the lowest PREvención con DIetaMEDiterránea (PREDIMED) score, consumed more calories (p < 0.001), total (p < 0.001) and simple carbohydrates (p < 0.001), total fat (p < 0.001) and saturated fatty acids (p < 0.001), polyunsaturated fatty acids (p < 0.001) and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (p < 0.001), and less fiber (p < 0.001) than women with PCOS with other chronotypes. In addition, women with PCOS with evening chronotype consumed less extra virgin olive oil (p = 0.001), legumes (p = 0.038), fish/seafood (p < 0.001), and tree nuts (p = 0.041) than women with PCOS of the other two chronotype categories and less red wine (p < 0.001) and more red/processed meat (p < 0.001) than women with PCOS with morning chronotype. In conclusion, in women with PCOS, evening chronotype has been associated with a most severe insulin resistance and unhealthiest eating habits. Thus, chronotype assessment could be an effective tool to screen the eating habits, and more generally the lifestyle, of women with PCOS.
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Shon J, Han Y, Park YJ. Effects of Dietary Fat to Carbohydrate Ratio on Obesity Risk Depending on Genotypes of Circadian Genes. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030478. [PMID: 35276838 PMCID: PMC8838281 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the impacts of macronutrients and the circadian clock on obesity have been reported, the interactions between macronutrient distribution and circadian genes are unclear. The aim of this study was to explore macronutrient intake patterns in the Korean population and associations between the patterns and circadian gene variants and obesity. After applying the criteria, 5343 subjects (51.6% male, mean age 49.4 ± 7.3 years) from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study data and nine variants in seven circadian genes were analyzed. We defined macronutrient intake patterns by tertiles of the fat to carbohydrate ratio (FC). The very low FC (VLFC) was associated with a higher risk of obesity than the optimal FC (OFC). After stratification by the genotypes of nine variants, the obesity risk according to the patterns differed by the variants. In the female VLFC, the major homozygous allele of CLOCK rs11932595 and CRY1 rs3741892 had a higher abdominal obesity risk than those in the OFC. The GG genotype of PER2 rs2304672 in the VLFC showed greater risks for obesity and abdominal obesity. In conclusion, these findings suggest that macronutrient intake patterns were associated with obesity susceptibility, and the associations were different depending on the circadian clock genotypes of the CLOCK, PER2, and CRY1 loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyoung Shon
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea; (J.S.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yerim Han
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea; (J.S.); (Y.H.)
- Graduate Program in System Health Science & Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Yoon Jung Park
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea; (J.S.); (Y.H.)
- Graduate Program in System Health Science & Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-3277-6533
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Lechasseur A, Mouchiroud M, Tremblay F, Bouffard G, Milad N, Pineault M, Maranda‐Robitaille M, Routhier J, Beaulieu M, Aubin S, Laplante M, Morissette MC. Glycerol contained in vaping liquids affects the liver and aspects of energy homeostasis in a sex-dependent manner. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15146. [PMID: 35075822 PMCID: PMC8787618 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaping is increasingly popular among the young and adult population. Vaping liquids contained in electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are mainly composed of propylene glycol and glycerol, to which nicotine and flavors are added. Among several biological processes, glycerol is a metabolic substrate used for lipid synthesis in fed state as well as glucose synthesis in fasting state. We aimed to investigate the effects of glycerol e-cigarette aerosol exposure on the aspects of glycerol and glucose homeostasis. Adult and young male and female mice were exposed to e-cigarette aerosols with glycerol as vaping liquid using an established whole-body exposure system. Mice were exposed acutely (single 2-h exposure) or chronically (2 h/day, 5 days/week for 9 weeks). Circulating glycerol and glucose levels were assessed and glycerol as well as glucose tolerance tests were performed. The liver was also investigated to assess changes in the histology, lipid content, inflammation, and stress markers. Lung functions were also assessed as well as hepatic mRNA expression of genes controlling the circadian rhythm. Acute exposure to glycerol aerosols generated by an e-cigarette increased circulating glycerol levels in female mice. Increased hepatic triglyceride and phosphatidylcholine concentrations were observed in female mice with no increase in circulating alanine aminotransferase or evidence of inflammation, fibrosis, or endoplasmic reticulum stress. Chronic exposure to glycerol e-cigarette aerosols mildly impacted glucose tolerance test in young female and male mice. Fasting glycerol, glucose, and insulin remained unchanged. Increased pulmonary resistance was observed in young male mice. Taken together, this study shows that the glycerol contained in vaping liquids can affect the liver as well as the aspects of glucose and glycerol homeostasis. Additional work is required to translate these observations to humans and determine the biological and potential pathological impacts of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Lechasseur
- Quebec Heart and Lung InstituteUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
- Faculty of MedicineUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
| | - Mathilde Mouchiroud
- Quebec Heart and Lung InstituteUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
- Faculty of MedicineUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
| | - Félix Tremblay
- Quebec Heart and Lung InstituteUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
- Faculty of MedicineUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
| | - Gabrielle Bouffard
- Quebec Heart and Lung InstituteUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
- Faculty of MedicineUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
| | - Nadia Milad
- Quebec Heart and Lung InstituteUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
- Faculty of MedicineUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
| | - Marie Pineault
- Quebec Heart and Lung InstituteUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
- Faculty of MedicineUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
| | - Michaël Maranda‐Robitaille
- Quebec Heart and Lung InstituteUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
- Faculty of MedicineUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
| | - Joanie Routhier
- Quebec Heart and Lung InstituteUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
| | | | - Sophie Aubin
- Quebec Heart and Lung InstituteUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
| | - Mathieu Laplante
- Quebec Heart and Lung InstituteUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
- Department of MedicineUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
| | - Mathieu C. Morissette
- Quebec Heart and Lung InstituteUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
- Department of MedicineUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
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CLOCK Gene Variation Is Associated with the Incidence of Metabolic Syndrome Modulated by Monounsaturated Fatty Acids. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11050412. [PMID: 34068889 PMCID: PMC8156860 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11050412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian locomotor output cycles kaput (CLOCK) gene plays a crucial role in regulating circadian rhythms through its transcription factor gene product. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between CLOCK rs1801260 and the incidence of metabolic syndrome modulated by dietary monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) intake in Korean adults. Using a dataset from the Ansan-Ansung Cohort Study of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study, 3608 Korean adults were included after an average of nine years of follow-up. Men who were minor allele carriers (G allele) of CLOCK rs1801260 had a 18% higher incidence of metabolic syndrome than non-carriers [hazard ratio (HR), 1.18; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.00-1.40; p Value = 0.047]. By dichotomizing dietary MUFA intake, we observed that men who were minor allele carriers (G allele) of CLOCK rs1801260 had a 42% increased incidence of metabolic syndrome when dietary MUFA intake was ≤3.5% (HR: 1.42, 95% CI 1.23-1.81; p Value = 0.004). No significant association was found between CLOCK rs1801260 and the incidence of metabolic syndrome modulated by dietary MUFA intake in women. CLOCK polymorphisms affected metabolic syndrome, modulated by dietary MUFA intake in men. These results suggest the significance of CLOCK genes in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome and the modulating role of dietary MUFA intake and provide new insights into the underlying mechanisms connecting the circadian system, dietary factors, and metabolic syndrome.
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Abstract
The human lifespan and quality of life depend on complex interactions among genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. Aging research has been remarkably advanced by the development of high-throughput "omics" technologies. Differences between chronological and biological ages, and identification of factors (eg, nutrition) that modulate the rate of aging can now be assessed at the individual level on the basis of telomere length, the epigenome, and the metabolome. Nevertheless, the understanding of the different responses of people to dietary factors, which is the focus of precision nutrition research, remains incomplete. The lack of reliable dietary assessment methods constitutes a significant challenge in nutrition research, especially in elderly populations. For practical and successful personalized diet advice, big data techniques are needed to analyze and integrate the relevant omics (ie, genomic, epigenomic, metabolomics) with an objective and longitudinal capture of individual nutritional and environmental information. Application of such techniques will provide the scientific evidence and knowledge needed to offer actionable, personalized health recommendations to transform the promise of personalized nutrition into reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M Ordovas
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, JM-USDA-HNRCA at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Silvia Berciano
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, JM-USDA-HNRCA at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Muscogiuri G, Barrea L, Aprano S, Framondi L, Di Matteo R, Altieri B, Laudisio D, Pugliese G, Savastano S, Colao A. Chronotype and cardio metabolic health in obesity: does nutrition matter? Int J Food Sci Nutr 2021; 72:892-900. [PMID: 33759693 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2021.1885017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the association of chronotype categories with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in 172 middle-aged adults (71.5% females; 51.8 ± 15.7 years). Anthropometric parameters, lifestyle habits, adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MD), sleep quality, chronotype and the presence of T2DM and CVD were studied. Chronotype was classified as morning in 58.1% of subjects, evening in 12.8% and intermediate in 28.1%. Subjects with evening chronotype followed an unhealthier lifestyle than other chronotypes; indeed, they significantly performed less regular activity and were more frequently smokers. Furthermore, they had significantly higher risk to have T2DM [Odds Ratio (OR)=3.36 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.14-35.42; p = 0.03] and CVD [Odds Ratio (OR)= 5.89 95% CI 1.14-30.60; p = 0.035](CI) 2.24-407.54); p = 0.01] compared to morning chronotype after adjustment for gender, body mass index (BMI), sleep quality and adherence to the MD. The confidence intervals were wide, indicating that the sample size was too small. Thus, these data need to be replicated in a larger sample size. In addition, nutritional assessment was limited since only PREDIMED questionnaire was carried out. However, the main strengths of this study included a random sample and a population-based approach, although the cross-sectional design cannot establish causality. Although study population was unbalanced per gender and smoking and age group representing only middle-aged people,we adjusted the statistical analysis for potential confounding factors. In conclusion, the evening chronotype has an increased risk to be associated to T2DM and CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Muscogiuri
- aDipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università "Federico II" di Napoli, Naples, Italy.,Centro italiano per la cura e il benessere del paziente obeso (C.I.B.O) Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Barrea
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università "Federico II" di Napoli, Naples, Italy.,Centro italiano per la cura e il benessere del paziente obeso (C.I.B.O) Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Sara Aprano
- Centro italiano per la cura e il benessere del paziente obeso (C.I.B.O) Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Lydia Framondi
- Centro italiano per la cura e il benessere del paziente obeso (C.I.B.O) Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Rossana Di Matteo
- Centro italiano per la cura e il benessere del paziente obeso (C.I.B.O) Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Barbara Altieri
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Laudisio
- Centro italiano per la cura e il benessere del paziente obeso (C.I.B.O) Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriella Pugliese
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università "Federico II" di Napoli, Naples, Italy.,Centro italiano per la cura e il benessere del paziente obeso (C.I.B.O) Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Savastano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università "Federico II" di Napoli, Naples, Italy.,Centro italiano per la cura e il benessere del paziente obeso (C.I.B.O) Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università "Federico II" di Napoli, Naples, Italy.,Centro italiano per la cura e il benessere del paziente obeso (C.I.B.O) Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Cattedra Unesco "Educazione alla salute e allo sviluppo sostenibile", University Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Gkouskou K, Lazou E, Skoufas E, Eliopoulos AG. Genetically Guided Mediterranean Diet for the Personalized Nutritional Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020355. [PMID: 33503923 PMCID: PMC7912380 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The current consensus for the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is that high-quality diets and adherence to a healthy lifestyle provide significant health benefits. Remarkably, however, there is little agreement on the proportions of macronutrients in the diet that should be recommended to people suffering from pre-diabetes or T2DM. We herein discuss emerging evidence that underscores the importance of gene-diet interactions in the improvement of glycemic biomarkers in T2DM. We propose that we can achieve better glycemic control in T2DM patients by coupling Mediterranean diets to genetic information as a predictor for optimal diet macronutrient composition in a personalized manner. We provide evidence to support this concept by presenting a case study of a T2DM patient who achieved rapid glycemic control when adhered to a personalized, genetically-guided Mediterranean Diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalliopi Gkouskou
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.L.); (E.S.)
- Embiodiagnostics Biology Research Company, 71305 Heraklion, Greece
- Correspondence: (K.G.); (A.G.E.); Tel.: +30-2107462356 (A.G.E.)
| | - Evgenia Lazou
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.L.); (E.S.)
| | - Efstathios Skoufas
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.L.); (E.S.)
| | - Aristides G. Eliopoulos
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.L.); (E.S.)
- Center for New Biotechnologies and Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: (K.G.); (A.G.E.); Tel.: +30-2107462356 (A.G.E.)
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Semenova N, Madaeva I, Kolesnikov S, Rychkova L, Bairova T, Darenskaya M, Kolesnikova L. CLOCK 3111TT Genotype Is Associated with Increased Total Cholesterol and Low-Density Lipoprotein Levels in Menopausal Women with a Body Mass Index of at Least 25 kg/m2. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2020; 28:1-9. [PMID: 35366265 PMCID: PMC8830446 DOI: 10.3390/pathophysiology28010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid profile comparative analysis was performed to reveal the interdependence of lipids with Circadian locomoter output cycles protein kaput (CLOCK) 3111T/C gene polymorphism in menopausal women with/without a body mass index (BMI) of ≥25 kg/m2. Methods: A total of 193 female volunteers aged 45 to 60 years were divided into two groups: Those with BMI < 25 kg/m2 (control) and those with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2. Each group was then divided into two subgroups: Those with the CLOCK TT-genotype and those with the CLOCK TC-, CC-genotypes. Lipid metabolism parameters were determined by the enzymatic method. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected via polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism technology. Results: There were no differences in CLOCK 3111T/C genotypes or allele frequency between the control and main groups. In addition, there were no differences in lipid profile parameters between women of the control group and different CLOCK 3111T/C genotypes. The total cholesterol (p = 0.041) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p = 0.036) levels were higher in the subgroup of women with a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 and CLOCK TT-genotype as compared to the subgroup with a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 and minor allele 3111C. Conclusions: SNP 3111T/C of the CLOCK gene is not associated with BMI however, data suggest that the minor allele of the CLOCK 3111T/C gene polymorphism may have a protective role in atherogenic lipid levels in women with a BMI greater than or equal to 25 kg/m2.
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22
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Bishehsari F, Voigt RM, Keshavarzian A. Circadian rhythms and the gut microbiota: from the metabolic syndrome to cancer. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2020; 16:731-739. [PMID: 33106657 PMCID: PMC8085809 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-020-00427-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome is prevalent in developed nations and accounts for the largest burden of non-communicable diseases worldwide. The metabolic syndrome has direct effects on health and increases the risk of developing cancer. Lifestyle factors that are known to promote the metabolic syndrome generally cause pro-inflammatory alterations in microbiota communities in the intestine. Indeed, alterations to the structure and function of intestinal microbiota are sufficient to promote the metabolic syndrome, inflammation and cancer. Among the lifestyle factors that are associated with the metabolic syndrome, disruption of the circadian system, known as circadian dysrhythmia, is increasingly common. Disruption of the circadian system can alter microbiome communities and can perturb host metabolism, energy homeostasis and inflammatory pathways, which leads to the metabolic syndrome. This Perspective discusses the role of intestinal microbiota and microbial metabolites in mediating the effects of disruption of circadian rhythms on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faraz Bishehsari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Robin M Voigt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ali Keshavarzian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Department of Physiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.
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A systematic review of precision nutrition and Mediterranean Diet: A personalized nutrition approaches for prevention and management of obesity related disorders. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2020; 38:61-64. [PMID: 32690178 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The Obesity is related to type 2 diabetes, and diseases with metabolic syndrome characteristics such as dyslipidemia, hypertension and cardiovascular illness. The nutrition is the most important environmental factor that modulates the phenotype type of obesity. The impacts of nutrients might modulate the gene expression. The recent studies have focused on the relationship between obesity in terms of gene-environment interactions. METHODS There is a relationship between genetic indicators, fat mass accumulation, body composition and Mediterranean diet. The evaluation of nutrition treatment or interventions together with the genetic state; provides to manage or prevent the development of chronic diseases. RESULTS As a result of nutrigenetic studies; specific nutrition factors in Mediterranean Diet have positive effects on gene expressions related to obesity. In the future, the rapidly-developing nutrition science and the optimal nutrition model special for individuals might play an important role in terms of health development and healing. CONCLUSION This metanalysis aimed to explain the current status and relationship between metabolic syndrome indicators that are related to obesity and the gene-nutrient interactions within the Mediterranean Diet.
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Škrlec I, Milić J, Steiner R. The Impact of the Circadian Genes CLOCK and ARNTL on Myocardial Infarction. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E484. [PMID: 32050674 PMCID: PMC7074039 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The circadian rhythm regulates various physiological mechanisms, and its disruption can promote many disorders. Disturbance of endogenous circadian rhythms enhances the chance of myocardial infarction (MI), showing that circadian clock genes could have a crucial function in the onset of the disease. This case-control study was performed on 1057 participants. It was hypothesized that the polymorphisms of one nucleotide (SNP) in three circadian clock genes (CLOCK, ARNTL, and PER2) could be associated with MI. Statistically significant differences, estimated by the Chi-square test, were found in the distribution of alleles and genotypes between MI and no-MI groups of the CLOCK (rs6811520 and rs13124436) and ARNTL (rs3789327 and rs12363415) genes. According to the results of the present study, the polymorphisms in the CLOCK and ARNTL genes could be related to MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Škrlec
- Histology, Genetics, Cellular, and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Chemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Crkvena 21, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Jakov Milić
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Josipa Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Robert Steiner
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Josipa Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Clinical Department of Cardiovascular Diseases and Intensive Care, Clinic for Internal Medicine, University Hospital Osijek, Josipa Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
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25
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Valladares M, Chaput JP, Vásquez S, Pino C, Obregón AM. Association of eating behaviour with clock gene polymorphism 3111 T > C in children based on nutritional status. Ann Hum Biol 2020; 47:76-80. [PMID: 31888385 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2019.1706764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Background: The CLOCK (circadian locomotor output cycle kaput) gene is a central regulator of circadian rhythm. The CLOCK gene has been related to energy intake and therefore to nutritional status. However, its specific associations with aspects of food behaviour in children have been scarcely investigated.Aim: To determine the association between the CLOCK gene polymorphism 3111 T > C and eating behaviours in children based on nutritional status.Methods: A cross-sectional study of the association between a CLOCK gene variant and eating behaviour in children (n = 256) was performed. Eating behaviour was evaluated by the Child Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (CEBQ). In addition, the genotype of the CLOCK 3111 T > C (TT, CC, TC) gene polymorphism and BMI were determined.Results: The obese carriers of the C allele of the polymorphism had lower scores in the dimensions "response to satiety" and "slowness to eat" (p < 0.001), both of which constitute an anti-intake dimension and are related to food satiety.Conclusions: The C allele CLOCK gene could be considered a genetic risk factor for satiety-altered eating behaviour dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Valladares
- Centro Integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada (CIBQA), Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago, Chile
| | - J P Chaput
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - S Vásquez
- Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago, Chile
| | - C Pino
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Salud y Programa de Magíster en Ciencias Químicas y Biológicas, Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago, Chile
| | - A M Obregón
- Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción, Chile
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26
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Keiller DR, Gordon DA. The plateau at V˙ O 2max is associated with anaerobic alleles. J Sci Med Sport 2019; 23:506-511. [PMID: 31924536 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2019.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study tests the hypothesis that individuals who achieve a plateau at V˙ O2max (V˙ O2plat) are more likely to possess alleles, associated with anaerobic capacity, than those who do not. DESIGN A literature survey, physiological testing and genetic analysis was used to determine any association between the aerobic and anaerobic polymorphisms of 40 genes and V˙ O2plat. METHODS 34, healthy, Caucasian volunteers, completed an exercise test to determine V˙ O2max, and V˙ O2plat. 28 of the volunteers agreed to DNA testing and 26 were successfully genotyped. A literature search was used to determine whether the 40 polymorphisms analysed were associated with aerobic, or anaerobic exercise performance. RESULTS The literature survey enabled classification of the 40 target alleles as aerobic [11], anaerobic [24], or having no apparent association (NAA) [5] with exercise performance. It also found no previous studies linking a genetic component with the ability to achieve V˙ O2plat. Independent t-tests showed a significant difference (p < 0.001) in the ability to achieve V˙ O2plat, but no other measured physiological variable was significantly different. Pearson's χ2 testing demonstrated a highly significant association (p = 0.008) between anaerobic allele frequency and V˙ O2plat, but not with V˙ O2max. There was no association between aerobic alleles and V˙ O2plat, or V˙ O2max. Finally there were no significant differences in the allelic frequencies, observed in this study and those expected of Northern and Western European Caucasians. CONCLUSION These results support the hypothesis that the ability to achieve V˙ O2plat is associated with alleles linked to anaerobic exercise capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Don R Keiller
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, UK.
| | - Dan A Gordon
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, School Psychology and Sports Science, Anglia Ruskin University, UK
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27
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Onur Cura D. Comment on: “Gene–Diet Interactions in Type 2 Diabetes: The Chicken and Egg Debate”. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194878. [PMID: 31581435 PMCID: PMC6801381 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Onur Cura
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, 35330 Izmir, Turkey.
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28
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Metabolic and Vascular Effect of the Mediterranean Diet. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194716. [PMID: 31547615 PMCID: PMC6801699 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies indicated how dietary patterns that were obtained from nutritional cluster analysis can predict disease risk or mortality. Low-grade chronic inflammation represents a background pathogenetic mechanism linking metabolic risk factors to increased risk of chronic degenerative diseases. A Mediterranean diet (MeDi) style has been reported as associated with a lower degree of inflammation biomarkers and with a protective role on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events. There is heterogeneity in defining the MedDiet, and it can, owing to its complexity, be considered as an exposome with thousands of nutrients and phytochemicals. Recently, it has been reported a novel positive association between baseline plasma ceramide concentrations and cardiovascular events and how adherence to a Mediterranean Diet-style may influence the potential negative relationship between elevated plasma ceramide concentrations and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) showed the positive effects of the MeDi diet style on several cardiovascular risk factors, such as body mass index, waist circumference, blood lipids, blood pressure, inflammatory markers and adhesion molecules, and diabetes and how these advantages of the MeDi are maintained in comparison of a low-fat diet. Some studies reported a positive effect of adherence to a Mediterranean Diet and heart failure incidence, whereas some recent studies, such as the PREDIMED study, showed that the incidence of major cardiovascular events was lower among those assigned to MeDi supplemented with extra-virgin olive oil or nuts than among those assigned to a reduced-fat diet. New studies are needed to better understand the molecular mechanisms, whereby the MedDiet may exercise its effects. Here, we present recent advances in understanding the molecular basis of MedDiet effects, mainly focusing on cardiovascular diseases, but also discussing other related diseases. We review MedDiet composition and assessment as well as the latest advances in the genomic, epigenomic (DNA methylation, histone modifications, microRNAs, and other emerging regulators), transcriptomic (selected genes and whole transcriptome), and metabolomic and metagenomic aspects of the MedDiet effects (as a whole and for its most typical food components). We also present a review of the clinical effects of this dietary style underlying the biochemical and molecular effects of the Mediterranean diet. Our purpose is to review the main features of the Mediterranean diet in particular its benefits on human health, underling the anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-atherosclerotic effects to which new knowledge about epigenetic and gut-microbiota relationship is recently added.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is increasing to epidemic proportions and current management centred on treatment with drugs is not enough to stop this pandemic. CVD prevention is of paramount importance. In this context, diet and behavioural intervention programs are the first step and have the advantage of lesser cost and side effects than pharmacological approaches. In this review, we will examine the most recent evidence related to dietary prevention of CVD risk. RECENT FINDINGS Healthy dietary patterns such as the dietary approaches to stop hypertension, the vegetarian, the low-fat high carbohydrates and mainly the Mediterranean diet have substantial evidence to be recommended for CVD prevention. SUMMARY The evidence in this area needs to be adequately communicated to health professionals and the general public. Diet is the cornerstone of CVD prevention as well as overall health promotion.
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30
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Semenova N, Madaeva I, Bairova T, Kolesnikov S, Kolesnikova L. Lipid peroxidation depends on the clock 3111T/C gene polymorphism in menopausal women with Insomnia. Chronobiol Int 2019; 36:1399-1408. [DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2019.1647436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalya Semenova
- Federal State Public Scientific Institution “Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems”, Irkutsk, Russian Federation
| | - Irina Madaeva
- Federal State Public Scientific Institution “Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems”, Irkutsk, Russian Federation
| | - Tatyana Bairova
- Federal State Public Scientific Institution “Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems”, Irkutsk, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey Kolesnikov
- Federal State Public Scientific Institution “Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems”, Irkutsk, Russian Federation
| | - Lubov Kolesnikova
- Federal State Public Scientific Institution “Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems”, Irkutsk, Russian Federation
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31
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Abstract
Insulin resistance is a main determinant in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus and a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The circadian timing system consists of a central brain clock in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus and various peripheral tissue clocks. The circadian timing system is responsible for the coordination of many daily processes, including the daily rhythm in human glucose metabolism. The central clock regulates food intake, energy expenditure and whole-body insulin sensitivity, and these actions are further fine-tuned by local peripheral clocks. For instance, the peripheral clock in the gut regulates glucose absorption, peripheral clocks in muscle, adipose tissue and liver regulate local insulin sensitivity, and the peripheral clock in the pancreas regulates insulin secretion. Misalignment between different components of the circadian timing system and daily rhythms of sleep-wake behaviour or food intake as a result of genetic, environmental or behavioural factors might be an important contributor to the development of insulin resistance. Specifically, clock gene mutations, exposure to artificial light-dark cycles, disturbed sleep, shift work and social jet lag are factors that might contribute to circadian disruption. Here, we review the physiological links between circadian clocks, glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity, and present current evidence for a relationship between circadian disruption and insulin resistance. We conclude by proposing several strategies that aim to use chronobiological knowledge to improve human metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Jan Stenvers
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Frank A J L Scheer
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Patrick Schrauwen
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Susanne E la Fleur
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Laboratory for Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Royal Dutch Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Andries Kalsbeek
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
- Laboratory for Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Royal Dutch Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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32
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Gomez-Marin B, Gomez-Delgado F, Lopez-Moreno J, Alcala-Diaz JF, Jimenez-Lucena R, Torres-Peña JD, Garcia-Rios A, Ortiz-Morales AM, Yubero-Serrano EM, Del Mar Malagon M, Lai CQ, Delgado-Lista J, Ordovas JM, Lopez-Miranda J, Perez-Martinez P. Long-term consumption of a Mediterranean diet improves postprandial lipemia in patients with type 2 diabetes: the Cordioprev randomized trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2018; 108:963-970. [PMID: 30475968 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have an elevated postprandial lipemia (PPL) that has been associated with increased cardiovascular risk. Objective We aimed to analyze whether the long-term consumption of 2 healthy dietary patterns is associated with an improvement in PPL and remnant cholesterol (RC) concentrations in patients with T2D. Design We selected patients from the Cordioprev study who underwent oral fat load tests (FLTs) at baseline and the 3-y follow-up (241 patients with and 316 patients without T2D). Subjects were randomly assigned to receive either a Mediterranean diet rich in olive oil (MedDiet; 35% of calories from fat [22% monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs)] and 50% from carbohydrates) or a low-fat (LF) diet [<30% fat (12-14% MUFAs) and 55% of calories from carbohydrates]. Lipids were measured in serial bloods drawn at 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 h after the FLT. Results After 3 y of dietary intervention, patients with T2D showed an improvement in their PPL measured as postprandial triglycerides (TGs) (P < 0.0001), TG area under the curve (AUC) (P = 0.001), and TG-rich lipoproteins (TRLs-TG; P = 0.001) compared with baseline. Subgroup analysis, based on the type of dietary intervention, showed that those T2D patients randomly assigned to the MedDiet presented a reduction in the TG AUC of 17.3% compared with baseline (P = 0.003). However, there were no differences for T2D patients randomly assigned to the LF diet (P > 0.05) or in patients without T2D (P > 0.05) regardless of the dietary intervention. In addition, the MedDiet induced a significant improvement in the RC AUC in patients with T2D (P = 0.04). However, there was no significant improvement in those following the LF diet. Conclusions Our findings show that the long-term consumption of a MedDiet rich in olive oil improves PPL and RC concentrations mainly in patients with T2D. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00924937.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Gomez-Marin
- Lipid and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine.,CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Gomez-Delgado
- Lipid and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine.,CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Lopez-Moreno
- Lipid and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine.,CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan F Alcala-Diaz
- Lipid and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine.,CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Jimenez-Lucena
- Lipid and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine.,CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose D Torres-Peña
- Lipid and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine.,CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Garcia-Rios
- Lipid and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine.,CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana M Ortiz-Morales
- Lipid and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine.,CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena M Yubero-Serrano
- Lipid and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine.,CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Del Mar Malagon
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Chao Q Lai
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Javier Delgado-Lista
- Lipid and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine.,CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose M Ordovas
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA.,Madrid Institute of Advanced Studies-Food, Madrid, Spain.,National Center for Cardiovascular Research (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Lopez-Miranda
- Lipid and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine.,CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Perez-Martinez
- Lipid and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine.,CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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33
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Abstract
PURPOSE Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the United States and globally. There is significant evidence implicating genetic and dietary factors in the development and progression of CVD and its risk factors. Nutritional genomics is a comparatively new field of science that focuses on the relationship of individual genetic variation with response to nutrition. The purpose of this review is to summarize recent progress, in the field of nutritional genomics as it relates to cardiovascular disease. RECENT FINDINGS Evidence from recent studies has shown significant effects of gene-diet interactions on CVD biomarkers and the development and progression of CVD. The cardiovascular effects of gene-nutrient interactions with respect to macronutrients and genes such as FTO, ACE, PPARs, TCF7L2, BDNF, MC4R, APOAs, FADS, etc. have shown consistent results across age groups and populations whereas gene-nutrient interaction effects of other genes have only been limited to specific ages, genders or populations and need to validated and confirmed. SUMMARY The identification of individual genetic variation influencing diet-related CVD risk is important and may inform future nutritional intervention studies. Although there is ample scientific evidence indicating that the genetic susceptibility to CVD can be modified by diet, we are still not at a stage where this information is easily translated into dietary plans. Thus, there is a need for better approaches to achieve precision in dietary data collection and streamline computational approaches for meaningful and effective nutritional interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Saroja Voruganti
- Department of Nutrition and UNC Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 500 Laureate Way, Suite 3150, Kannapolis, NC 28081
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34
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Garcia-Rios A, Alcala-Diaz JF, Gomez-Delgado F, Delgado-Lista J, Marin C, Leon-Acuña A, Camargo A, Rodriguez-Cantalejo F, Blanco-Rojo R, Quintana-Navarro G, Ordovas JM, Perez-Jimenez F, Lopez-Miranda J, Perez-Martinez P. Beneficial effect of CETP gene polymorphism in combination with a Mediterranean diet influencing lipid metabolism in metabolic syndrome patients: CORDIOPREV study. Clin Nutr 2018; 37:229-234. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2016.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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35
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Riestra P, Gebreab SY, Xu R, Khan RJ, Gaye A, Correa A, Min N, Sims M, Davis SK. Circadian CLOCK gene polymorphisms in relation to sleep patterns and obesity in African Americans: findings from the Jackson heart study. BMC Genet 2017. [PMID: 28645331 PMCID: PMC5481932 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-017-0522-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circadian rhythms regulate key biological processes and the dysregulation of the intrinsic clock mechanism affects sleep patterns and obesity onset. The CLOCK (circadian locomotor output cycles protein kaput) gene encodes a core transcription factor of the molecular circadian clock influencing diverse metabolic pathways, including glucose and lipid homeostasis. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the associations between CLOCK single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and body mass index (BMI). We also evaluated the association of SNPs with BMI related factors such as sleep duration and quality, adiponectin and leptin, in 2962 participants (1116 men and 1810 women) from the Jackson Heart Study. Genotype data for the selected 23 CLOCK gene SNPS was obtained by imputation with IMPUTE2 software and reference phase data from the 1000 genome project. Genetic analyses were conducted with PLINK RESULTS: We found a significant association between the CLOCK SNP rs2070062 and sleep duration, participants carriers of the T allele showed significantly shorter sleep duration compared to non-carriers after the adjustment for individual proportions of European ancestry (PEA), socio economic status (SES), body mass index (BMI), alcohol consumption and smoking status that reach the significance threshold after multiple testing correction. In addition, we found nominal associations of the CLOCK SNP rs6853192 with longer sleep duration and the rs6820823, rs3792603 and rs11726609 with BMI. However, these associations did not reach the significance threshold after correction for multiple testing. CONCLUSIONS In this work, CLOCK gene variants were associated with sleep duration and BMI suggesting that the effects of these polymorphisms on circadian rhythmicity may affect sleep duration and body weight regulation in Africans Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Riestra
- National Human Genome Research Institute Genomics of Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Disease Branch Social Epidemiology Research Unit, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Samson Y Gebreab
- National Human Genome Research Institute Genomics of Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Disease Branch Social Epidemiology Research Unit, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Ruihua Xu
- National Human Genome Research Institute Genomics of Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Disease Branch Social Epidemiology Research Unit, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Rumana J Khan
- National Human Genome Research Institute Genomics of Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Disease Branch Social Epidemiology Research Unit, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Amadou Gaye
- National Human Genome Research Institute Genomics of Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Disease Branch Social Epidemiology Research Unit, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Adolfo Correa
- Jackson Heart Study, Jackson Medical Mall, 350 West Woodrow Wilson Av., Suite 701, Jackson, MS, 39217, USA
| | - Nancy Min
- Jackson Heart Study, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 350 W Woodrow Wilson Ave, Ste 701, Jackson, MS, 39213, USA
| | - Mario Sims
- Jackson Heart Study, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 350 W Woodrow Wilson Ave, Ste 701, Jackson, MS, 39213, USA
| | - Sharon K Davis
- National Human Genome Research Institute Genomics of Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Disease Branch Social Epidemiology Research Unit, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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36
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Sheng CS, Cheng YB, Wei FF, Yang WY, Guo QH, Li FK, Huang QF, Thijs L, Staessen JA, Wang JG, Li Y. Diurnal Blood Pressure Rhythmicity in Relation to Environmental and Genetic Cues in Untreated Referred Patients. Hypertension 2017; 69:128-135. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.116.07958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
No previous study has addressed the relative contributions of environmental and genetic cues to the diurnal blood pressure rhythmicity. From 24-hour ambulatory recordings of systolic blood pressure obtained in untreated patients (51% women; mean age, 51 years), we computed the night-to-day ratio in 897 and morning surge in 637. Environmental cues included season, mean daily outdoor temperature, atmospheric pressure, humidity and weekday, and the genetic cues 14 single nucleotide polymorphisms in 10 clock genes. Systolic blood pressure averaged (±SD) 126.7±11.9 mm Hg, night-to-day ratio 0.86±0.07, and morning surge 24.8±10.7 mm Hg. In adjusted analyses, night-to-day ratio was 2.4% higher in summer and 1.8% lower in winter (
P
<0.001) compared with the annual average with a small effect of temperature (
P
=0.079); morning surge was 1.7 mm Hg lower in summer and 1.1 mm Hg higher in winter (
P
<0.001). The other environmental cues did not add to the night-to-day ratio or morning surge variance (
P
≥0.37). Among the 14 genetic variations, only
CLOCK
rs180260 was significantly associated with morning surge after adjustment for season, temperature, and other host factors and after Bonferroni correction (
P
=0.044). In
CLOCK
rs1801260
C
allele carriers (n=83), morning surge was 3.7 mm Hg higher than in
TT
homozygotes (n=554). Of the night-to-day ratio and morning surge variance, season and temperature explained ≈8% and ≈3%, while for genetic cues, these proportions were ≈1% or less. In conclusion, environmental compared with genetic cues are substantially stronger drivers of the diurnal blood pressure rhythmicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Sheng Sheng
- From the Center for Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials and Center for Vascular Evaluation, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, The Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China (C.-S.S., Y.-B.C., Q.-H.G., F.-K.L., Q.-F.H., J.-G.W., Y.L.); Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Belgium (F.-F.W., W.-Y.Y., L
| | - Yi-Bang Cheng
- From the Center for Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials and Center for Vascular Evaluation, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, The Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China (C.-S.S., Y.-B.C., Q.-H.G., F.-K.L., Q.-F.H., J.-G.W., Y.L.); Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Belgium (F.-F.W., W.-Y.Y., L
| | - Fang-Fei Wei
- From the Center for Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials and Center for Vascular Evaluation, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, The Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China (C.-S.S., Y.-B.C., Q.-H.G., F.-K.L., Q.-F.H., J.-G.W., Y.L.); Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Belgium (F.-F.W., W.-Y.Y., L
| | - Wen-Yi Yang
- From the Center for Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials and Center for Vascular Evaluation, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, The Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China (C.-S.S., Y.-B.C., Q.-H.G., F.-K.L., Q.-F.H., J.-G.W., Y.L.); Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Belgium (F.-F.W., W.-Y.Y., L
| | - Qian-Hui Guo
- From the Center for Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials and Center for Vascular Evaluation, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, The Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China (C.-S.S., Y.-B.C., Q.-H.G., F.-K.L., Q.-F.H., J.-G.W., Y.L.); Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Belgium (F.-F.W., W.-Y.Y., L
| | - Fei-Ka Li
- From the Center for Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials and Center for Vascular Evaluation, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, The Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China (C.-S.S., Y.-B.C., Q.-H.G., F.-K.L., Q.-F.H., J.-G.W., Y.L.); Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Belgium (F.-F.W., W.-Y.Y., L
| | - Qi-Fang Huang
- From the Center for Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials and Center for Vascular Evaluation, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, The Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China (C.-S.S., Y.-B.C., Q.-H.G., F.-K.L., Q.-F.H., J.-G.W., Y.L.); Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Belgium (F.-F.W., W.-Y.Y., L
| | - Lutgarde Thijs
- From the Center for Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials and Center for Vascular Evaluation, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, The Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China (C.-S.S., Y.-B.C., Q.-H.G., F.-K.L., Q.-F.H., J.-G.W., Y.L.); Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Belgium (F.-F.W., W.-Y.Y., L
| | - Jan A. Staessen
- From the Center for Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials and Center for Vascular Evaluation, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, The Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China (C.-S.S., Y.-B.C., Q.-H.G., F.-K.L., Q.-F.H., J.-G.W., Y.L.); Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Belgium (F.-F.W., W.-Y.Y., L
| | - Ji-Guang Wang
- From the Center for Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials and Center for Vascular Evaluation, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, The Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China (C.-S.S., Y.-B.C., Q.-H.G., F.-K.L., Q.-F.H., J.-G.W., Y.L.); Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Belgium (F.-F.W., W.-Y.Y., L
| | - Yan Li
- From the Center for Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials and Center for Vascular Evaluation, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, The Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China (C.-S.S., Y.-B.C., Q.-H.G., F.-K.L., Q.-F.H., J.-G.W., Y.L.); Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Belgium (F.-F.W., W.-Y.Y., L
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Blanco-Rojo R, Delgado-Lista J, Lee YC, Lai CQ, Perez-Martinez P, Rangel-Zuñiga O, Smith CE, Hidalgo B, Alcala-Diaz JF, Gomez-Delgado F, Parnell LD, Arnett DK, Tucker KL, Lopez-Miranda J, Ordovas JM. Interaction of an S100A9 gene variant with saturated fat and carbohydrates to modulate insulin resistance in 3 populations of different ancestries. Am J Clin Nutr 2016; 104:508-17. [PMID: 27440084 PMCID: PMC4962160 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.116.130898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND S100 calcium-binding protein A9 (S100A9) has previously been identified as a type 2 diabetes (T2D) gene. However, this finding requires independent validation and more in-depth analyses in other populations and ancestries. OBJECTIVES We aimed to replicate the associations between an S100A9 variant and insulin resistance and T2D and to initiate an investigation of potential interactions with the habitual diet in several independent populations. DESIGN We investigated the association of the S100A9 variant rs3014866 with insulin resistance and T2D risk and its interactions with diet in 3 diverse populations as follows: the CORDIOPREV (Coronary Diet Intervention with Olive Oil and Cardiovascular Prevention; n = 711), which consisted of Spanish white adults; the GOLDN (Genetics of Lipids Lowering Drugs and Diet Network; n = 818), which involved North American non-Hispanic white adults; and Hispanic adults who participated in the BPRHS (Boston Puerto Rican Health Study; n = 1155). RESULTS Meta-analysis indicated that T carriers presented a lower risk of T2D than CC carriers (pooled OR: 0.714; 95% CI: 0.584, 0.845; P = 0.002). In all 3 populations (CORDIOPREV, GOLDN, and BPRHS), we showed a significant interaction between the rs3014866 single nucleotide polymorphism and dietary SFA:carbohydrate ratio intake for the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (P = 0.028, P = 0.017, and P = 0.026, respectively). CC carriers had a significantly higher HOMA-IR only when SFA:carbohydrate intake was high (P = 0.045 for the CORDIOPREV, P = 0.033 for the GOLDN, and P = 0.046 for the BPRHS) but not when SFA:carbohydrate ratio intake was low. CONCLUSIONS The minor allele (T) of the S100A9 variant rs3014866 is associated with lower T2D risk in 3 populations of different ancestries. Note that individuals with the high-risk CC genotype may be more likely to benefit from a low SFA:carbohydrate ratio intake to improve insulin resistance as evaluated with the use of the HOMA-IR. These trials were registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00924937 (CORDIOPREV), NCT00083369 (GOLDN), and NCT01231958 (BPRHS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Blanco-Rojo
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research at Cordoba, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory and
| | - Javier Delgado-Lista
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research at Cordoba, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Chao-Qiang Lai
- Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - Pablo Perez-Martinez
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research at Cordoba, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Oriol Rangel-Zuñiga
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research at Cordoba, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Bertha Hidalgo
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Juan F Alcala-Diaz
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research at Cordoba, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Gomez-Delgado
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research at Cordoba, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laurence D Parnell
- Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - Donna K Arnett
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Katherine L Tucker
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA
| | - Jose Lopez-Miranda
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research at Cordoba, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain;
| | - Jose M Ordovas
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory and Department of Epidemiology, Spanish National Center for Cardiovascular Research (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; and Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA) Food Institute, Madrid, Spain
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Delgado-Lista J, Perez-Martinez P, Garcia-Rios A, Alcala-Diaz JF, Perez-Caballero AI, Gomez-Delgado F, Fuentes F, Quintana-Navarro G, Lopez-Segura F, Ortiz-Morales AM, Delgado-Casado N, Yubero-Serrano EM, Camargo A, Marin C, Rodriguez-Cantalejo F, Gomez-Luna P, Ordovas JM, Lopez-Miranda J, Perez-Jimenez F. CORonary Diet Intervention with Olive oil and cardiovascular PREVention study (the CORDIOPREV study): Rationale, methods, and baseline characteristics: A clinical trial comparing the efficacy of a Mediterranean diet rich in olive oil versus a low-fat diet on cardiovascular disease in coronary patients. Am Heart J 2016; 177:42-50. [PMID: 27297848 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Coronary heart disease (CHD) represents a major global health burden. However, despite the well-known influence that dietary habits exert over the progression of this disease, there are no well-established and scientifically sound dietary approaches to prevent the onset of clinical outcomes in secondary prevention. The objective of the CORonary Diet Intervention with Olive oil and cardiovascular PREVention study (CORDIOPREV study, clinical trials number NCT00924937) is to compare the ability of a Mediterranean diet rich in virgin olive oil versus a low-fat diet to influence the composite incidence of cardiovascular events after 7 years in subjects with documented CHD at baseline. For this purpose, we enrolled 1,002 coronary patients from Spain. Baseline assessment (2009-2012) included detailed interviews and measurements to assess dietary, social, and biological variables. Results of baseline characteristics: The CORDIOPREV study in Spain describes a population with a high body mass index (37.2% overweight and 56.3% obesity) and with a median of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol of 88.5 mg/dL (70.6% of the patients having <100 mg/dL and 20.3% patients <70 mg/dL). A total of 9.6% of the participants were active smokers, and 64.4% were former smokers. Metabolic syndrome was present in 58% of this population. To sum up, we describe here the rationale, methods, and baseline characteristics of the CORDIOPREV study, which will test for the first time the efficacy of a Mediterranean diet rich in extra virgin olive oil as compared with a low-fat diet on the incidence of CHD recurrence in a long-term follow-up study.
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Abstract
The human circadian system anticipates and adapts to daily environmental changes to optimise behaviour according to time of day and temporally partitions incompatible physiological processes. At the helm of this system is a master clock in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the anterior hypothalamus. The SCN are primarily synchronised to the 24-h day by the light/dark cycle; however, feeding/fasting cycles are the primary time cues for clocks in peripheral tissues. Aligning feeding/fasting cycles with clock-regulated metabolic changes optimises metabolism, and studies of other animals suggest that feeding at inappropriate times disrupts circadian system organisation, and thereby contributes to adverse metabolic consequences and chronic disease development. 'High-fat diets' (HFD) produce particularly deleterious effects on circadian system organisation in rodents by blunting feeding/fasting cycles. Time-of-day-restricted feeding, where food availability is restricted to a period of several hours, offsets many adverse consequences of HFD in these animals; however, further evidence is required to assess whether the same is true in humans. Several nutritional compounds have robust effects on the circadian system. Caffeine, for example, can speed synchronisation to new time zones after jetlag. An appreciation of the circadian system has many implications for nutritional science and may ultimately help reduce the burden of chronic diseases.
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Hepatic insulin resistance both in prediabetic and diabetic patients determines postprandial lipoprotein metabolism: from the CORDIOPREV study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2016; 15:68. [PMID: 27095446 PMCID: PMC4837552 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-016-0380-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/aims Previous evidences have shown the presence of a prolonged and exaggerated postprandial response in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its relation with an increase of cardiovascular risk. However, the response in prediabetes population has not been established. The objective was to analyze the degree of postprandial lipemia response in the CORDIOPREV clinical trial (NCT00924937) according to the diabetic status. Methods 1002 patients were submitted to an oral fat load test meal (OFTT) with 0.7 g fat/kg body weight [12 % saturated fatty acids (SFA), 10 % polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), 43 % monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), 10 % protein and 25 % carbohydrates]. Serial blood test analyzing lipid fractions were drawn at 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 h during postprandial state. Postprandial triglycerides (TG) concentration at any point >2.5 mmol/L (220 mg/dL) has been established as undesirable response. We explored the dynamic response in 57 non-diabetic, 364 prediabetic and 581 type 2 diabetic patients. Additionally, the postprandial response was evaluated according to basal insulin resistance subgroups in patients non-diabetic and diabetic without pharmacological treatment (N = 642). Results Prevalence of undesirable postprandial TG was 35 % in non-diabetic, 48 % in prediabetic and 59 % in diabetic subgroup, respectively (p < 0.001). Interestingly, prediabetic patients displayed higher plasma TG and large triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins (TRLs-TG) postprandial response compared with those non-diabetic patients (p < 0.001 and p = 0.003 respectively). Moreover, the area under the curve (AUC) of TG and AUC of TRLs-TG was greater in the prediabetic group compared with non-diabetic patients (p < 0.001 and p < 0.005 respectively). Patients with liver insulin resistance (liver-IR) showed higher postprandial response of TG compared with those patients with muscle-IR or without any insulin-resistance respectively (p < 0.001). Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that prediabetic patients show a lower phenotypic flexibility after external aggression, such as OFTT compared with nondiabetic patients. The postprandial response increases progressively according to non-diabetic, prediabetic and type 2 diabetic state and it is higher in patients with liver insulin-resistance. To identify this subgroup of patients is important to treat more intensively in order to avoid future cardiometabolic complications.
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Fitó M, Konstantinidou V. Nutritional Genomics and the Mediterranean Diet's Effects on Human Cardiovascular Health. Nutrients 2016; 8:218. [PMID: 27089360 PMCID: PMC4848687 DOI: 10.3390/nu8040218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The synergies and cumulative effects among different foods and nutrients are what produce the benefits of a healthy dietary pattern. Diets and dietary patterns are a major environmental factor that we are exposed to several times a day. People can learn how to control this behavior in order to promote healthy living and aging, and to prevent diet-related diseases. To date, the traditional Mediterranean diet has been the only well-studied pattern. Stroke incidence, a number of classical risk factors including lipid profile and glycaemia, emergent risk factors such as the length of telomeres, and emotional eating behavior can be affected by genetic predisposition. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet could exert beneficial effects on these risk factors. Our individual genetic make-up should be taken into account to better prevent these traits and their subsequent consequences in cardiovascular disease development. In the present work, we review the results of nutritional genomics explaining the role of the Mediterranean diet in human cardiovascular disease. A multidisciplinary approach is necessary to extract knowledge from large-scale data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Fitó
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group (CARIN), CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigació Mèdica (IMIM), Dr. Aiguader, 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain.
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Talavera-Garcia E, Delgado-Lista J, Garcia-Rios A, Delgado-Casado N, Gomez-Luna P, Gomez-Garduño A, Gomez-Delgado F, Alcala-Diaz JF, Yubero-Serrano E, Marin C, Perez-Caballero AI, Fuentes-Jimenez FJ, Camargo A, Rodriguez-Cantalejo F, Tinahones FJ, Ordovas JM, Perez- Jimenez F, Perez-Martinez P, Lopez-Miranda J. Influence of Obesity and Metabolic Disease on Carotid Atherosclerosis in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease (CordioPrev Study). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153096. [PMID: 27064675 PMCID: PMC4827867 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent data suggest that the presence of associated metabolic abnormalities may be important modifiers of the association of obesity with a poorer prognosis in coronary heart disease. We determined the influence of isolated overweight and obesity on carotid intima media thickness (IMT-CC), and also assessed whether this influence was determined by the presence of metabolic abnormalities. METHODS 1002 participants from the CordioPrev study were studied at entry. We determined their metabolic phenotypes and performed carotid ultrasound assessment. We evaluated the influence of obesity, overweight and metabolic phenotypes on the IMT-CC. RESULTS Metabolically sick participants (defined by the presence of two or more metabolic abnormalities) showed a greater IMT-CC than metabolically healthy individuals (p = 4 * 10(-6)). Overweight and normal weight patients who were metabolically healthy showed a lower IMT-CC than the metabolically abnormal groups (all p<0.05). When we evaluated only body weight (without considering metabolic phenotypes), overweight or obese patients did not differ significantly from normal-weight patients in their IMT-CC (p = 0.077). However, obesity was a determinant of IMT-CC when compared to the composite group of normal weight and overweight patients (all not obese). CONCLUSIONS In coronary patients, a metabolically abnormal phenotype is associated with a greater IMT-CC, and may be linked to a higher risk of suffering new cardiovascular events. The protection conferred in the IMT-CC by the absence of metabolic abnormality may be blunted by the presence of obesity. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00924937.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Talavera-Garcia
- Lipid and Atherosclerosis Unit. IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, and CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Delgado-Lista
- Lipid and Atherosclerosis Unit. IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, and CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Antonio Garcia-Rios
- Lipid and Atherosclerosis Unit. IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, and CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nieves Delgado-Casado
- Lipid and Atherosclerosis Unit. IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, and CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Purificacion Gomez-Luna
- Lipid and Atherosclerosis Unit. IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, and CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angela Gomez-Garduño
- Lipid and Atherosclerosis Unit. IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, and CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Gomez-Delgado
- Lipid and Atherosclerosis Unit. IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, and CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan F. Alcala-Diaz
- Lipid and Atherosclerosis Unit. IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, and CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Yubero-Serrano
- Lipid and Atherosclerosis Unit. IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, and CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Marin
- Lipid and Atherosclerosis Unit. IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, and CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana I. Perez-Caballero
- Lipid and Atherosclerosis Unit. IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, and CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Fuentes-Jimenez
- Lipid and Atherosclerosis Unit. IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, and CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Camargo
- Lipid and Atherosclerosis Unit. IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, and CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Francisco J. Tinahones
- Biomedical Research Laboratory, Endocrinology Department, Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, and CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose M. Ordovas
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, JM-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, United states of America
- Department of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Population Genetics, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, IMDEA, Spain
| | - Francisco Perez- Jimenez
- Lipid and Atherosclerosis Unit. IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, and CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Perez-Martinez
- Lipid and Atherosclerosis Unit. IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, and CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Lopez-Miranda
- Lipid and Atherosclerosis Unit. IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, and CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Nutrigenetics and Nutrimiromics of the Circadian System: The Time for Human Health. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:299. [PMID: 26927084 PMCID: PMC4813163 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17030299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Even though the rhythmic oscillations of life have long been known, the precise molecular mechanisms of the biological clock are only recently being explored. Circadian rhythms are found in virtually all organisms and affect our lives. Thus, it is not surprising that the correct running of this clock is essential for cellular functions and health. The circadian system is composed of an intricate network of genes interwined in an intrincated transcriptional/translational feedback loop. The precise oscillation of this clock is controlled by the circadian genes that, in turn, regulate the circadian oscillations of many cellular pathways. Consequently, variations in these genes have been associated with human diseases and metabolic disorders. From a nutrigenetics point of view, some of these variations modify the individual response to the diet and interact with nutrients to modulate such response. This circadian feedback loop is also epigenetically modulated. Among the epigenetic mechanisms that control circadian rhythms, microRNAs are the least studied ones. In this paper, we review the variants of circadian-related genes associated to human disease and nutritional response and discuss the current knowledge about circadian microRNAs. Accumulated evidence on the genetics and epigenetics of the circadian system points to important implications of chronotherapy in the clinical practice, not only in terms of pharmacotherapy, but also for dietary interventions. However, interventional studies (especially nutritional trials) that include chronotherapy are scarce. Given the importance of chronobiology in human health such studies are warranted in the near future.
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Interdependence of nutrient metabolism and the circadian clock system: Importance for metabolic health. Mol Metab 2016; 5:133-152. [PMID: 26977390 PMCID: PMC4770266 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While additional research is needed, a number of large epidemiological studies show an association between circadian disruption and metabolic disorders. Specifically, obesity, insulin resistance, cardiovascular disease, and other signs of metabolic syndrome all have been linked to circadian disruption in humans. Studies in other species support this association and generally reveal that feeding that is not in phase with the external light/dark cycle, as often occurs with night or rotating shift workers, is disadvantageous in terms of energy balance. As food is a strong driver of circadian rhythms in the periphery, understanding how nutrient metabolism drives clocks across the body is important for dissecting out why circadian misalignment may produce such metabolic effects. A number of circadian clock proteins as well as their accessory proteins (such as nuclear receptors) are highly sensitive to nutrient metabolism. Macronutrients and micronutrients can function as zeitgebers for the clock in a tissue-specific way and can thus impair synchrony between clocks across the body, or potentially restore synchrony in the case of circadian misalignment. Circadian nuclear receptors are particularly sensitive to nutrient metabolism and can alter tissue-specific rhythms in response to changes in the diet. Finally, SNPs in human clock genes appear to be correlated with diet-specific responses and along with chronotype eventually may provide valuable information from a clinical perspective on how to use diet and nutrition to treat metabolic disorders. SCOPE OF REVIEW This article presents a background of the circadian clock components and their interrelated metabolic and transcriptional feedback loops, followed by a review of some recent studies in humans and rodents that address the effects of nutrient metabolism on the circadian clock and vice versa. We focus on studies in which results suggest that nutrients provide an opportunity to restore or, alternatively, can destroy synchrony between peripheral clocks and the central pacemaker in the brain as well as between peripheral clocks themselves. In addition, we review several studies looking at clock gene SNPs in humans and the metabolic phenotypes or tendencies associated with particular clock gene mutations. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Targeted use of specific nutrients based on chronotype has the potential for immense clinical utility in the future. Macronutrients and micronutrients have the ability to function as zeitgebers for the clock by activating or modulating specific clock proteins or accessory proteins (such as nuclear receptors). Circadian clock control by nutrients can be tissue-specific. With a better understanding of the mechanisms that support nutrient-induced circadian control in specific tissues, human chronotype and SNP information might eventually be used to tailor nutritional regimens for metabolic disease treatment and thus be an important part of personalized medicine's future.
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Blanco-Rojo R, Alcala-Diaz JF, Wopereis S, Perez-Martinez P, Quintana-Navarro GM, Marin C, Ordovas JM, van Ommen B, Perez-Jimenez F, Delgado-Lista J, Lopez-Miranda J. The insulin resistance phenotype (muscle or liver) interacts with the type of diet to determine changes in disposition index after 2 years of intervention: the CORDIOPREV-DIAB randomised clinical trial. Diabetologia 2016; 59:67-76. [PMID: 26474775 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-015-3776-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The aim of the study was to determine whether basal insulin resistance (IR) phenotype (muscle and/or liver) determines the effect of long-term consumption of a Mediterranean diet or a low-fat diet on tissue-specific IR and beta cell function. METHODS The study was performed in 642 patients included in The effect of an olive oil rich Mediterranean diet on type 2 diabetes mellitus risk and incidence study (CORDIOPREV-DIAB). A total of 327 patients were randomised to a Mediterranean diet (35% fat; 22% from monounsaturated fatty acids) and 315 to a low-fat diet (<28% fat). At baseline, the patients were classified into four phenotypes according to the type of IR: (1) no IR; (2) muscle IR; (3) liver IR; (4) muscle + liver IR. The hepatic insulin resistance index (HIRI), muscular insulin sensitivity index (MISI) and disposition index were analysed at baseline and after 2 years of follow-up. RESULTS At baseline, 322 patients presented no IR, 106 presented muscle IR, 109 presented liver IR, and 105 presented muscle + liver IR. With both dietary interventions, HIRI decreased in all patients (p < 0.001) and MISI increased in muscle IR and muscle + liver IR patients (p < 0.01). Long-term intake of the Mediterranean diet increased the disposition index and insulinogenic index in the muscle IR patients (p = 0.042 and p = 0.044, respectively) and the disposition index in the muscle + liver IR patients (p = 0.048), whereas the low-fat diet increased the disposition index in the liver IR patients (p = 0.017). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Although both diets improve insulin sensitivity, there are differences based on basal IR phenotypes. Moreover, according to insulinogenic and disposition index data, a low-fat diet might be more beneficial to patients with liver IR, whereas patients with muscle IR and muscle + liver IR might benefit more from a Mediterranean diet. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00924937 FUNDING: The study was supported by the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (AGL2012/39615) and by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (PIE14/00005 and PI13/00023).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Blanco-Rojo
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Avda Menendez Pidal, s/n, 14004, Cordoba, Spain
- Nutrigenomics and Metabolic Syndrome, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research at Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN)
| | - Juan F Alcala-Diaz
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Avda Menendez Pidal, s/n, 14004, Cordoba, Spain
- Nutrigenomics and Metabolic Syndrome, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research at Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN)
| | | | - Pablo Perez-Martinez
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Avda Menendez Pidal, s/n, 14004, Cordoba, Spain
- Nutrigenomics and Metabolic Syndrome, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research at Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN)
| | - Gracia M Quintana-Navarro
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Avda Menendez Pidal, s/n, 14004, Cordoba, Spain
- Nutrigenomics and Metabolic Syndrome, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research at Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN)
| | - Carmen Marin
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Avda Menendez Pidal, s/n, 14004, Cordoba, Spain
- Nutrigenomics and Metabolic Syndrome, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research at Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN)
| | - Jose M Ordovas
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
- IMDEA Food Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Francisco Perez-Jimenez
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Avda Menendez Pidal, s/n, 14004, Cordoba, Spain
- Nutrigenomics and Metabolic Syndrome, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research at Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN)
| | - Javier Delgado-Lista
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Avda Menendez Pidal, s/n, 14004, Cordoba, Spain
- Nutrigenomics and Metabolic Syndrome, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research at Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN)
| | - Jose Lopez-Miranda
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Avda Menendez Pidal, s/n, 14004, Cordoba, Spain.
- Nutrigenomics and Metabolic Syndrome, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research at Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain.
- Department of Medicine, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), .
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Kumar Jha P, Challet E, Kalsbeek A. Circadian rhythms in glucose and lipid metabolism in nocturnal and diurnal mammals. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 418 Pt 1:74-88. [PMID: 25662277 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Most aspects of energy metabolism display clear variations during day and night. This daily rhythmicity of metabolic functions, including hormone release, is governed by a circadian system that consists of the master clock in the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus (SCN) and many secondary clocks in the brain and peripheral organs. The SCN control peripheral timing via the autonomic and neuroendocrine system, as well as via behavioral outputs. The sleep-wake cycle, the feeding/fasting rhythm and most hormonal rhythms, including that of leptin, ghrelin and glucocorticoids, usually show an opposite phase (relative to the light-dark cycle) in diurnal and nocturnal species. By contrast, the SCN clock is most active at the same astronomical times in these two categories of mammals. Moreover, in both species, pineal melatonin is secreted only at night. In this review we describe the current knowledge on the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism by central and peripheral clock mechanisms. Most experimental knowledge comes from studies in nocturnal laboratory rodents. Nevertheless, we will also mention some relevant findings in diurnal mammals, including humans. It will become clear that as a consequence of the tight connections between the circadian clock system and energy metabolism, circadian clock impairments (e.g., mutations or knock-out of clock genes) and circadian clock misalignments (such as during shift work and chronic jet-lag) have an adverse effect on energy metabolism, that may trigger or enhancing obese and diabetic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan Kumar Jha
- Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Regulation of Circadian Clocks Team, Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, UPR3212, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Strasbourg, France; International Associated Laboratory LIA1061 Understanding the Neural Basis of Diurnality, CNRS, France and the Netherlands
| | - Etienne Challet
- Regulation of Circadian Clocks Team, Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, UPR3212, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Strasbourg, France; International Associated Laboratory LIA1061 Understanding the Neural Basis of Diurnality, CNRS, France and the Netherlands
| | - Andries Kalsbeek
- Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; International Associated Laboratory LIA1061 Understanding the Neural Basis of Diurnality, CNRS, France and the Netherlands; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Valladares M, Obregón AM, Chaput JP. Association between genetic variants of the clock gene and obesity and sleep duration. J Physiol Biochem 2015; 71:855-60. [PMID: 26553137 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-015-0447-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a multifactorial disease caused by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors related to lifestyle aspects. It has been shown that reduced sleep is associated with increased body mass index (BMI). Circadian Locomotor Output Cycles Kaput (CLOCK) gene variants have also been associated with obesity. The objective of this mini-review was to discuss the available literature related to CLOCK gene variants associated with adiposity and sleep duration in humans. In total, 16 articles complied with the terms of the search that reported CLOCK variants associated with sleep duration, energy intake, and BMI. Overall, six CLOCK single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been associated with sleep duration, and three variants have been associated with energy intake variables. Overall, the most studied area has been the association of CLOCK gene with obesity; close to eight common variants have been associated with obesity. The most studied CLOCK SNP in different populations is rs1801260, and most of these populations correspond to European populations. Collectively, identifying at risk CLOCK genotypes is a new area of research that may help identify individuals who are more susceptible to overeating and gaining weight when exposed to short sleep durations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macarena Valladares
- Unidad de Salud del Observatorio Regional de Paz y Seguridad (ORPAS), Universidad Bernardo O Higgins, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Ana María Obregón
- Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, Universidad San Sebastian, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Jean-Philippe Chaput
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Coomans CP, Lucassen EA, Kooijman S, Fifel K, Deboer T, Rensen PCN, Michel S, Meijer JH. Plasticity of circadian clocks and consequences for metabolism. Diabetes Obes Metab 2015; 17 Suppl 1:65-75. [PMID: 26332970 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The increased prevalence of metabolic disorders and obesity in modern society, together with the widespread use of artificial light at night, have led researchers to investigate whether altered patterns of light exposure contribute to metabolic disorders. This article discusses the experimental evidence that perturbed environmental cycles induce rhythm disorders in the circadian system, thus leading to metabolic disorders. This notion is generally supported by animal studies. Distorted environmental cycles, including continuous exposure to light, affect the neuronal organization of the central circadian pacemaker in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), its waveform and amplitude of the rhythm in electrical activity. Moreover, repeated exposure to a shifted light cycle or the application of dim light at night are environmental cues that cause a change in SCN function. The effects on the SCN waveform are the result of changes in synchronization among the SCN's neuronal cell population, which lead consistently to metabolic disturbances. Furthermore, we discuss the effects of sleep deprivation and the time of feeding on metabolism, as these factors are associated with exposure to disturbed environmental cycles. Finally, we suggest that these experimental studies reveal a causal relationship between the rhythm disorders and the metabolic disorders observed in epidemiological studies performed in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Coomans
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - E A Lucassen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - S Kooijman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - K Fifel
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - T Deboer
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - P C N Rensen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - S Michel
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - J H Meijer
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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Vimaleswaran KS, Le Roy CI, Claus SP. Foodomics for personalized nutrition: how far are we? Curr Opin Food Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Berná G, Oliveras-López MJ, Jurado-Ruíz E, Tejedo J, Bedoya F, Soria B, Martín F. Nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics insights into diabetes etiopathogenesis. Nutrients 2014; 6:5338-69. [PMID: 25421534 PMCID: PMC4245593 DOI: 10.3390/nu6115338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is considered a global pandemic, and the incidence of DM continues to grow worldwide. Nutrients and dietary patterns are central issues in the prevention, development and treatment of this disease. The pathogenesis of DM is not completely understood, but nutrient-gene interactions at different levels, genetic predisposition and dietary factors appear to be involved. Nutritional genomics studies generally focus on dietary patterns according to genetic variations, the role of gene-nutrient interactions, gene-diet-phenotype interactions and epigenetic modifications caused by nutrients; these studies will facilitate an understanding of the early molecular events that occur in DM and will contribute to the identification of better biomarkers and diagnostics tools. In particular, this approach will help to develop tailored diets that maximize the use of nutrients and other functional ingredients present in food, which will aid in the prevention and delay of DM and its complications. This review discusses the current state of nutrigenetics, nutrigenomics and epigenomics research on DM. Here, we provide an overview of the role of gene variants and nutrient interactions, the importance of nutrients and dietary patterns on gene expression, how epigenetic changes and micro RNAs (miRNAs) can alter cellular signaling in response to nutrients and the dietary interventions that may help to prevent the onset of DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genoveva Berná
- Department of Stem Cells, Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University Pablo Olavide (CABIMER-UPO), Seville 41091, Spain.
| | - María Jesús Oliveras-López
- Department of Stem Cells, Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University Pablo Olavide (CABIMER-UPO), Seville 41091, Spain.
| | - Enrique Jurado-Ruíz
- Department of Stem Cells, Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University Pablo Olavide (CABIMER-UPO), Seville 41091, Spain.
| | - Juan Tejedo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain.
| | - Francisco Bedoya
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain.
| | - Bernat Soria
- Department of Stem Cells, Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University Pablo Olavide (CABIMER-UPO), Seville 41091, Spain.
| | - Franz Martín
- Department of Stem Cells, Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University Pablo Olavide (CABIMER-UPO), Seville 41091, Spain.
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