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Starkoff BE, Nickerson BS. Emergence of imaging technology beyond the clinical setting: Utilization of mobile health tools for at-home testing. Nutr Clin Pract 2024; 39:518-529. [PMID: 38591753 DOI: 10.1002/ncp.11151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Body composition assessment plays a pivotal role in understanding health, disease risk, and treatment efficacy. This narrative review explores two primary aspects: imaging techniques, namely ultrasound (US) and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and the emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) and mobile health apps in telehealth for body composition. Although US is valuable for assessing subcutaneous fat and muscle thickness, DXA accurately quantifies bone mineral content, fat mass, and lean mass. Despite their effectiveness, accessibility and cost remain barriers to widespread adoption. The integration of AI-powered image analysis may help explain tissue differentiation, whereas mobile health apps offer real-time metabolic monitoring and personalized feedback. New apps such as MeThreeSixty and Made Health and Fitness offer the advantages of clinic-based imaging techniques from the comfort of home. These innovations hold the potential for individualizing strategies and interventions, optimizing clinical outcomes, and empowering informed decision-making for both healthcare professionals and patients/clients. Navigating the intricacies of these emerging tools, critically assessing their validity and reliability, and ensuring inclusivity across diverse populations and conditions will be crucial in harnessing their full potential. By integrating advancements in body composition assessment, healthcare can move beyond the limitations of traditional methods and deliver truly personalized, data-driven care to optimize well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke E Starkoff
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Brett S Nickerson
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Wong AK, Asatiani K, Chávez-Manzanera E, Elmer DJ, Heymsfield SB, Hong S, Ilesanmi-Oyelere L, Kagawa M, Klobucar S, Obeid OA, Plotnikoff RC, Sardinha LB, Sloughter JM, Silva AM, Shultz SP. Differences in segmental fat accumulation patterns by sex and ethnicity: An international approach. Clin Obes 2024; 14:e12637. [PMID: 38169103 DOI: 10.1111/cob.12637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Excess fat on the body impacts obesity-related co-morbidity risk; however, the location of fat stores affects the severity of these risks. The purpose of this study was to examine segmental fat accumulation patterns by sex and ethnicity using international datasets. An amalgamated and cross-calibrated dataset of dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-measured variables compiled segmental mass for bone mineral content (BMC), lean mass (LM), and fat mass (FM) for each participant; percentage of segment fat (PSF) was calculated as PSFsegment = (FMsegment/(BMCsegment + LMsegment + FMsegment)) × 100. A total of 30 587 adults (N = 16 490 females) from 13 datasets were included. A regression model was used to examine differences in regional fat mass and PSF. All populations followed the same segmental fat mass accumulation in the ascending order with statistical significance (arms < legs < trunk), except for Hispanic/Latinx males (arms < [legs = trunk]). Relative fat accumulation patterns differed between those with greater PSF in the appendages (Arab, Mexican, Asian, Black, American Caucasian, European Caucasian, and Australasian Caucasian females; Black males) and those with greater PSF in the trunk (Mexican, Asian, American Caucasian, European Caucasian, and Australasian Caucasian males). Greater absolute and relative fat accumulation in the trunk could place males of most ethnicities in this study at a higher risk of visceral fat deposition and associated co-morbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arden K Wong
- Kinesiology Department, Seattle University, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ketevan Asatiani
- Georgian Association for the Study of Obesity, European Association for the Study of Obesity, Tbilisi, Republic of Georgia
| | - Emma Chávez-Manzanera
- Obesity and Eating Disorders Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - David J Elmer
- Department of Kinesiology, Berry College, Mount Berry, Georgia, USA
| | - Steven B Heymsfield
- Body Composition-Metabolism Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Sangmo Hong
- College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Lilian Ilesanmi-Oyelere
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Masaharu Kagawa
- Institute of Nutrition Sciences, Kagawa Nutrition University, Saitama, Japan
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sanja Klobucar
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Omar A Obeid
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ronald C Plotnikoff
- Centre for Active Living and Learning, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Luís B Sardinha
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Analiza M Silva
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sarah P Shultz
- Kinesiology Department, Seattle University, Seattle, Washington, USA
- School of Arts & Sciences, Fort Lewis College, Durango, Colorado, USA
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Huo RR, Liao Q, Zhai L, You XM, Zuo YL. Interacting and joint effects of triglyceride-glucose index (TyG) and body mass index on stroke risk and the mediating role of TyG in middle-aged and older Chinese adults: a nationwide prospective cohort study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2024; 23:30. [PMID: 38218819 PMCID: PMC10790273 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-024-02122-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals who are overweight or obese often develop insulin resistance, mediation of the association between body mass index (BMI) and stroke risk through the triglyceride-glucose index (TyG) seems plausible but has not been investigated. This study aims to examine whether TyG mediates associations of BMI with stroke risk and the extent of interaction or joint relations of TyG and BMI with stroke outcome. METHODS The China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, initiated in 2011, is a nationally representative, ongoing prospective cohort study involving 8 231 middle-aged and older Chinese adults without a stroke history at baseline. Exposures examined include BMI and the TyG, the latter being the logarithmized product of fasting triglyceride and glucose concentrations. The primary study outcome is stroke incidence, as determined through self-reports, with a follow-up period extending from June 1, 2011, to June 30, 2018. RESULTS Of the 8 231 participants, 3 815 (46.3%) were men; mean (SD) age was 59.23 (9.32) years. During a median follow-up of 7.1 years, 585 (7.1%) participants developed stroke. The TyG was found to mediate the association between BMI and incident stroke, proportions mediated were 16.3% for BMI in the 24.0-27.9 kg/m2 group and 53.8% for BMI ≥ 28.0 kg/m2 group. No significant multiplicative and additive interactions were found between BMI and TyG on incident stroke (Additive: RERI = 1.78, 95% CI - 1.29-4.86; Multiplicative, HR = 1.40, 95% CI 0.86-2.27). HRs for individuals with BMI ≥ 28.0 kg/m2 and quartile 4 of TyG compared with those with BMI < 24.0 kg/m2 and quartile 1 of TyG were 2.05 (95% CI 1.37-3.06) for incident stroke. Combining BMI and TyG enhanced predictive performance for stroke when compared to their individual (AUCBMI+TyG vs AUCBMI vs AUCTyG, 0.602 vs 0.581 vs 0.583). CONCLUSIONS TyG appeared to be associated with stroke risk and mediates more than 50% of the total association between BMI and stroke in middle-aged and older Chinese adults. Public health efforts aiming at the reduction of body weight might decrease the stroke risk due to insulin resistance and the burden of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Rui Huo
- Department of Experimental Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Qian Liao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Shuang Yong Rd. #22, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Lu Zhai
- Department of Smart Health Elderly Care Services and Management, School of Nursing, Guangxi Health Science College, Nanning, China
| | - Xue-Mei You
- Department of Experimental Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumour (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumour, Nanning, China
| | - Yan-Li Zuo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Shuang Yong Rd. #22, Nanning, 530021, China.
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Wu Y, Xin M, Pham Q, Gao Y, Huang H, Jiang X, Li RW, Yu L, Luo Y, Wang J, Wang TTY. Red Cabbage Modulates Composition and Co-Occurrence Networks of Gut Microbiota in a Rodent Diet-Induced Obesity Model. Foods 2023; 13:85. [PMID: 38201113 PMCID: PMC10778922 DOI: 10.3390/foods13010085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Red cabbage (RC), a cruciferous vegetable rich in various bioactive substances, can significantly reduce the risk factors of several non-communicable diseases, but the mechanism underlying the biological effects of RC remains unclear. Furthermore, mechanisms that operate through the regulation of gut microbiota also are not known. Given the relationships between diet, gut microbiota, and health, a diet-induced mice obesity model was used to elucidate the influence of RC on gut microbial composition and bacteria-bacteria interactions in mice. After 24 h of dietary intervention, a high-fat (HF) diet with the intake of RC led to increased Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratios in the feces of mice. RC also reduced the relative abundance of Bifidobacteria, Lactobacillus, and Akkermansia muciniphila in mice fed a low-fat (LF) diet. After 8-weeks of dietary intervention, RC significantly changed the structure and the ecological network of the gut microbial community. Particularly, RC inhibited an HF-diet-induced increase in AF12 in mice, and this genus was positively correlated with body weight, low-density lipoprotein level, and fecal bile acid of mice. Unclassified Clostridiales, specifically increased via RC consumption, were also found to negatively correlate with hepatic free cholesterol levels in mice. Overall, our results demonstrated that RC modulating gut microbial composition and interactions are associated with the attenuation of HF-diet-induced body weight gain and altered cholesterol metabolism in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbei Wu
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100084, China; (Y.W.); (M.X.); (Y.G.); (J.W.)
| | - Mengmeng Xin
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100084, China; (Y.W.); (M.X.); (Y.G.); (J.W.)
| | - Quynhchi Pham
- Diet Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, BHNRC, ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA;
| | - Yu Gao
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100084, China; (Y.W.); (M.X.); (Y.G.); (J.W.)
| | - Haiqiu Huang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA (X.J.); (L.Y.)
| | - Xiaojing Jiang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA (X.J.); (L.Y.)
| | - Robert W. Li
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, BARC, ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA;
| | - Liangli Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA (X.J.); (L.Y.)
| | - Yaguang Luo
- Food Quality Laboratory, BARC, ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA;
| | - Jing Wang
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100084, China; (Y.W.); (M.X.); (Y.G.); (J.W.)
| | - Thomas T. Y. Wang
- Diet Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, BHNRC, ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA;
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Flynn S, Srikanthan P, Ravellette K, Inoue K, Watson K, Horwich T. Urinary cortisol and cardiovascular events in women vs. men: The multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis. AMERICAN HEART JOURNAL PLUS : CARDIOLOGY RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2023; 36:100344. [PMID: 37982128 PMCID: PMC10655947 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahjo.2023.100344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Research suggests that women experience greater cardiovascular ischemic effects from stress than men. Visceral adiposity is an endocrine tissue that differs by sex and interacts with stress hormones. We hypothesized that urinary cortisol would be associated with increased cardiovascular events and change in coronary artery calcium score (CAC) in women, and these relationships would vary by central obesity. In the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis Stress Ancillary study, cortisol was quantified by 12-h overnight urine collection. Central obesity was estimated by waist-hip ratio (WHR). Multivariable Cox models estimated the relationship between cortisol and cardiovascular events and assessed for moderation by WHR. The relationship between cortisol and change in CAC Agatston score was assessed by Tobit regression models. 918 patients were analyzed with median follow up of 11 years. There was no association between urinary cortisol and cardiovascular events in the cohort. However, in individuals with below median WHR, higher urinary cortisol levels (upper tertile) were associated with higher cardiovascular event rates in the full cohort, women, and men, but not in groups with above median WHR. There was significant moderation by WHR in women, but not men, whereby the association between elevated cortisol and increased cardiovascular events diminished as WHR increased. Urinary cortisol was associated with increased change in CAC in women (P = 0.003) but not men, without moderation by WHR. Our study highlights associations between cortisol and subclinical atherosclerosis in women, and moderation of the relationship between cortisol and cardiovascular events by central obesity in both genders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer Flynn
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, United States of America
| | | | | | - Kosuke Inoue
- Kyoto University Department of Social Epidemiology, Japan
| | - Karol Watson
- UCLA Division of Cardiology, United States of America
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Mund C, Kellellu CK, Rattan R, Mahapatra S, Lamare AA, Jena S. Study of Serum Apelin and Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients With or Without Obesity. Cureus 2023; 15:e43401. [PMID: 37706122 PMCID: PMC10496023 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia. Chronic hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus can cause microvascular and macrovascular complications. Obesity is a major risk factor contributing to disease progression and complications of T2DM. Apelin is an adipokine having a compensatory role in reducing insulin resistance (IR) in morbidly obese individuals. This study was undertaken to find a correlation between Apelin, IR, and obesity. METHODS This case-control study included 180 participants, cases (n=90) having T2DM, and healthy controls (n=90). Further, the case and control groups were divided into group I (non-obese) and group II (obese) according to their body mass index (BMI) as per the Asia Pacific classification of BMI. Following obtaining consent, anthropometrical measurements and blood parameters like serum total lipid profile, fasting and postprandial glucose level, Apelin, and insulin were done, and results were analyzed statistically using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). RESULTS A significantly higher Apelin level was observed in diabetes patients with obesity (265.16±11.0 pg/mL) as compared to non-obese (206.44±83.0 pg/mL). A positive correlation between serum Apelin levels and BMI was found (r=0.367, p=0.003). Homeostasis Model Assessment of IR (HOMA-IR) is increased in obese patients in comparison to the control group. A significant positive correlation between BMI and HOMA-IR (r=0.429, p=0.001) and Apelin and IR (r=0.742, p=0.000) was found in this study. CONCLUSION On the basis of the finding of this study, we may conclude that Apelin has a role in improving insulin sensitivity in T2DM. Larger and multicentric studies are further required to discover the therapeutic role of Apelin in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinmaya Mund
- Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College and Hospital, Sundargarh, Sundargarh, IND
| | - Chetan K Kellellu
- Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College and Hospital, Sundargarh, Sundargarh, IND
| | - Roma Rattan
- Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College and Hospital, Sundargarh, Sundargarh, IND
| | - Srikrushna Mahapatra
- Department of Biochemistry, Shri Ram Chandra Bhanja (SCB) Medical College, Cuttack, IND
| | - Andrew A Lamare
- Department of Biochemistry, Shri Ram Chandra Bhanja (SCB) Medical College, Cuttack, IND
| | - Sudeep Jena
- Department of Biochemistry, Shri Ram Chandra Bhanja (SCB) Medical College, Cuttack, IND
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COVID-19: Reducing the risk via diet and lifestyle. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2023; 21:1-16. [PMID: 36333177 PMCID: PMC9550279 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
This review shows that relatively simple changes to diet and lifestyle can significantly, and rapidly, reduce the risks associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in terms of infection risk, severity of disease, and even disease-related mortality. A wide range of interventions including regular exercise, adequate sleep, plant-based diets, maintenance of healthy weight, dietary supplementation, and time in nature have each been shown to have beneficial effects for supporting more positive health outcomes with COVID-19, in addition to promoting better overall health. This paper brings together literature from these areas and presents the argument that non-pharmaceutical approaches should not be overlooked in our response to COVID-19. It is noted that, in several cases, interventions discussed result in risk reductions equivalent to, or even greater than, those associated with currently available vaccines. Where the balance of evidence suggests benefits, and the risk is minimal to none, it is suggested that communicating the power of individual actions to the public becomes morally imperative. Further, many lives could be saved, and many harms from the vaccine mandates avoided, if we were willing to embrace this lifestyle-centred approach in our efforts to deal with COVID-19.
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Effects of Diet, Lifestyle, Chrononutrition and Alternative Dietary Interventions on Postprandial Glycemia and Insulin Resistance. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14040823. [PMID: 35215472 PMCID: PMC8878449 DOI: 10.3390/nu14040823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
As years progress, we are found more often in a postprandial than a postabsorptive state. Chrononutrition is an integral part of metabolism, pancreatic function, and hormone secretion. Eating most calories and carbohydrates at lunch time and early afternoon, avoiding late evening dinner, and keeping consistent number of daily meals and relative times of eating occasions seem to play a pivotal role for postprandial glycemia and insulin sensitivity. Sequence of meals and nutrients also play a significant role, as foods of low density such as vegetables, salads, or soups consumed first, followed by protein and then by starchy foods lead to ameliorated glycemic and insulin responses. There are several dietary schemes available, such as intermittent fasting regimes, which may improve glycemic and insulin responses. Weight loss is important for the treatment of insulin resistance, and it can be achieved by many approaches, such as low-fat, low-carbohydrate, Mediterranean-style diets, etc. Lifestyle interventions with small weight loss (7–10%), 150 min of weekly moderate intensity exercise and behavioral therapy approach can be highly effective in preventing and treating type 2 diabetes. Similarly, decreasing carbohydrates in meals also improves significantly glycemic and insulin responses, but the extent of this reduction should be individualized, patient-centered, and monitored. Alternative foods or ingredients, such as vinegar, yogurt, whey protein, peanuts and tree nuts should also be considered in ameliorating postprandial hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. This review aims to describe the available evidence about the effects of diet, chrononutrition, alternative dietary interventions and exercise on postprandial glycemia and insulin resistance.
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Doustmohamadian S, Hosseinpanah F, Momeni M. Are abdominal obese metabolically healthy phenotype a benign condition? Protocol for a systematic review. Int J Prev Med 2022; 13:36. [PMID: 35529510 PMCID: PMC9069148 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_392_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The prevalence of obesity is increasing worldwide. Obesity is associated with severe health effects. Abdominal obesity has a strong association with metabolic dysfunction. A subgroup of people with central obesity has been identified without typical metabolic disorders associated with obesity that has been known metabolically healthy abdominal obese (MHAO). The purpose of this review is to evaluate the MHAO phenotype in the context of type 2 DM incidence, risk of cardiovascular diseases, and all-cause of mortality. Methods: This is a protocol of systematic review. We will search PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and ProQuest. Additional studies will be identified through manual searching of reference lists. Quantitative studies evaluating abdominal obesity phenotype outcomes in adults will be included. Primary results will be assaying abdominal obesity phenotype results, including DM2 incidence, cardiovascular disease risk, and all-cause mortality. Two reviewers will independently screen full-text articles and abstract data. Statistical Analysis Used: Potential conflicts will be resolved through discussion. Results: The study methodological quality (or bias) will be appraised using appropriate tools. If feasible, we will conduct a random-effects meta-analysis. The researchers will also assess the quality of the articles independently based on Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Conclusions: The results of this review will provide a useful reference for the effect of abdominal obesity on metabolic dysfunction and cardiovascular or all-cause mortality
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Zaidi H, Aksnes T, Åkra S, Eggesbø HB, Byrkjeland R, Seljeflot I, Opstad TB. Abdominal Adipose Tissue Associates With Adiponectin and TNFα in Middle-Aged Healthy Men. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:874977. [PMID: 35872989 PMCID: PMC9301307 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.874977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adipokines are highly active biopeptides involved in glucose metabolism, insulin regulation and the development and progression of obesity and its associated diseases. It includes, among others, adiponectin, visfatin and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα). The sources of adipokines and their associations with glucometabolic variables are not completely understood. AIM In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to investigate whether gene expression levels in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) of selected adipokines and their corresponding circulating levels associate with the amount of AT in superficial (sSAT), deep (dSAT) and visceral AT (VAT), assessed by computed tomography (CT). Any association with glucometabolic variables were also explored. METHODS In 103 healthy Caucasian men, aged 39.5 years, fasting venous blood and SAT samples from the gluteal region were collected. Ninety-four of the participants underwent CT assessment of the abdominal AT, which was divided into VAT, sSAT and dSAT. Circulating levels of adipokines were measured by ELISA and AT gene-expression by PCR. Insulin sensitivity was determined by glucose clamp, assessing glucose disposal rate (GDR). RESULTS Circulating adiponectin and TNFα gene expression correlated inversely and positively to the amount of AT in all three compartments (r=-0.266 to -0.276, p<0.05 for all) and (r=0.323 - 0.368, p<0.05 for all), respectively, with strongest correlations to the amount in sSAT and dSAT. When dividing AT compartments into quartiles, a tendency was observed towards lower circulating adiponectin and higher TNFα gene expression levels, respectively, with increasing amount of sSAT and dSAT. Circulating adiponectin correlated inversely to insulin, C-peptide and waist circumference (r=-456 to -0.373, p<0.001) and positively to GDR (r=0.356, p<0.001). AT-expressed visfatin correlated inversely to insulin and C-peptide (r=-0.370 and r=-0.404, p<0.001). CONCLUSION Increased amount of AT is associated with lower levels of adiponectin and increased levels of TNFα AT expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani Zaidi
- Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- *Correspondence: Hani Zaidi,
| | - Tonje Aksnes
- Section for Interventional Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Heart-, Lung-, and Vascular-Disease Clinic, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sissel Åkra
- Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Norway
| | - Heidi B. Eggesbø
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rune Byrkjeland
- Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Norway
| | - Ingebjørg Seljeflot
- Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trine B. Opstad
- Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Aronov DM, Bubnova MG, Drapkina OM. Atherosclerosis pathogenesis from the perspective of microvascular dysfunction. КАРДИОВАСКУЛЯРНАЯ ТЕРАПИЯ И ПРОФИЛАКТИКА 2021. [DOI: 10.15829/1728-8800-2021-3076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The article discusses different points of view on atherosclerosis development. The facts confirming the lipid hypothesis are presented. Attention is drawn to the possible participation of vasa vasorum in the development of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. M. Aronov
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
| | - M. G. Bubnova
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
| | - O. M. Drapkina
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
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Posterior mesorectal thickness as a predictor of increased operative time in rectal cancer surgery: a retrospective cohort study. Surg Endosc 2021; 36:3520-3532. [PMID: 34382121 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-021-08674-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In rectal cancer surgery, larger mesorectal fat area has been shown to correlate with increased intraoperative difficulty. Prior studies were mostly in Asian populations with average body mass indices (BMIs) less than 25 kg/m2. This study aimed to define the relationship between radiological variables on pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and intraoperative difficulty in a North American population. METHODS This is a single-center retrospective cohort study analyzing all patients who underwent low anterior resection (LAR) or transanal total mesorectal excision (TaTME) for stage I-III rectal adenocarcinoma from January 2015 until December 2019. Eleven pelvic magnetic resonance imaging measures were defined a priori according to previous literature and measured in each of the included patients. Operative time in minutes and intraoperative blood loss in milliliters were utilized as the primary indicators of intraoperative difficulty. RESULTS Eighty-three patients (39.8% female, mean age: 62.4 ± 11.6 years) met inclusion criteria. The mean BMI of included patients was 29.4 ± 6.2 kg/m2. Mean operative times were 227.2 ± 65.1 min and 340.6 ± 78.7 min for LARs and TaTMEs, respectively. On multivariable analysis including patient, tumor, and MRI factors, increasing posterior mesorectal thickness was significantly associated with increased operative time (p = 0.04). Every 1 cm increase in posterior mesorectal thickness correlated with a 26 min and 6 s increase in operative time. None of the MRI measurements correlated strongly with BMI. CONCLUSION As the number of obese rectal cancer patients continues to expand, strategies aimed at optimizing their surgical management are paramount. While increasing BMI is an important preoperative risk factor, the present study identifies posterior mesorectal thickness on MRI as a reliable and easily measurable parameter to help predict operative difficulty. Ultimately, this may in turn serve as an indicator of which patients would benefit most from pre-operative resources aimed at optimizing operative conditions and postoperative recovery.
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14
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Wang Y, Xu Z, Zhou Y, Xie M, Qi X, Xu Z, Cai Q, Sheng H, Chen E, Zhao B, Mao E. Leukocyte cell population data from the blood cell analyzer as a predictive marker for severity of acute pancreatitis. J Clin Lab Anal 2021; 35:e23863. [PMID: 34062621 PMCID: PMC8274994 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prediction for severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is the key to give timely targeted treatment. Leukocyte cell population data (CPD) have been widely applied in early prediction and diagnosis of many diseases, but their predictive ability for SAP remains unexplored. We aim to testify whether CPD could be an indicator of AP severity in the early stage of the disease. METHODS The prospective observational study was conducted in the emergency department ward of a territory hospital in Shanghai. The enrolled AP patients should meet 2012 Atlanta guideline. RESULTS Totally, 103 AP patients and 62 healthy controls were enrolled and patients were classified into mild AP (n = 30), moderate SAP (n = 42), and SAP (n = 31). Forty-two CPD parameters were examined in first 3 days of admission. Four CPD parameters were highest in SAP on admission and were constantly different among 3 groups during first 3 days of hospital stay. Eighteen CPD parameters were found correlated with the occurrence of SAP. Stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis identified a scoring system of 4 parameters (SD_LALS_NE, MN_LALS_LY, SD_LMALS_MO, and SD_AL2_MO) with a sensitivity of 96.8%, specificity of 65.3%, and AUC of 0.87 for diagnostic accuracy on early identification of SAP. AUC of this scoring system was comparable with MCTSI, SOFA, APACHE II, MMS, BISAP, or biomarkers as CRP, PCT, and WBC in prediction of SAP and ICU transfer or death. CONCLUSIONS Several leukocyte CPD parameters have been identified different among MAP, MSAP, and SAP. They might be ultimately incorporated into a predictive system marker for severity of AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihui Wang
- Department of EmergencyRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Zhihong Xu
- Department of EmergencyRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yuhua Zhou
- Department of EmergencyRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Mengqi Xie
- Department of EmergencyRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Xing Qi
- Department of EmergencyRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Zhiwei Xu
- Department of General SurgeryPancreatic Disease CenterRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Qi Cai
- Department of Laboratory MedicineRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Huiqiu Sheng
- Department of EmergencyRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Erzhen Chen
- Department of EmergencyRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Bing Zhao
- Department of EmergencyRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Enqiang Mao
- Department of EmergencyRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
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15
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Parente EB, Dahlström EH, Harjutsalo V, Inkeri J, Mutter S, Forsblom C, Sandholm N, Gordin D, Groop PH. The Relationship Between Body Fat Distribution and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2021; 44:1706-1713. [PMID: 34031143 DOI: 10.2337/dc20-3175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity, which is associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL), has increased among people with type 1 diabetes. Therefore, we explored the associations between body fat distribution and NAFL in this population. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This study included 121 adults with type 1 diabetes from the Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy (FinnDiane) Study for whom NAFL was determined by magnetic resonance imaging. Body composition was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Genetic data concerning PNPLA3 rs738409 and TM6SF2 rs58542926 were available as a directly genotyped polymorphism. Associations between body fat distribution, waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), BMI, and NAFL were explored using logistic regression. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the WHtR and BMI thresholds with the highest sensitivity and specificity to detect NAFL. RESULTS Median age was 38.5 (33-43.7) years, duration of diabetes was 21.2 (17.9-28.4) years, 52.1% were women, and the prevalence of NAFL was 11.6%. After adjusting for sex, age, duration of diabetes, and PNPLA3 rs738409, the volume (P = 0.03) and percentage (P = 0.02) of visceral adipose tissue were associated with NAFL, whereas gynoid, appendicular, and total adipose tissues were not. The area under the curve between WHtR and NAFL was larger than BMI and NAFL (P = 0.04). The WHtR cutoff of 0.5 showed the highest sensitivity (86%) and specificity (55%), whereas the BMI of 26.6 kg/m2 showed 79% sensitivity and 57% specificity. CONCLUSIONS Visceral adipose tissue is associated with NAFL in adults with type 1 diabetes, and WHtR may be considered when screening for NAFL in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika B Parente
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Abdominal Center, Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Emma H Dahlström
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Abdominal Center, Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Valma Harjutsalo
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Abdominal Center, Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jussi Inkeri
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.,HUS Medical Imaging Center, Radiology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stefan Mutter
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Abdominal Center, Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carol Forsblom
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Abdominal Center, Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Niina Sandholm
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Abdominal Center, Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Daniel Gordin
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Abdominal Center, Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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16
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Park SH, Kim CG. Effects of aerobic exercise on waist circumference, VO 2 max, blood glucose, insulin and lipid index in middle-aged women: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Health Care Women Int 2021; 43:1158-1180. [PMID: 33825676 DOI: 10.1080/07399332.2021.1900190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This study confirms the effectiveness of aerobic exercise on waist circumference, Vo2 max, blood glucose, insulin, serum lipid in middle-aged women. The Ovid-Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and CINAHL were searched. The risk of bias 2 revised in 2019 was used to assess the risk of bias in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Selected studies were meta-analyzed with Review Manager 5.3. Data were compiled from 15 RCTs comprising 1,110 participants. Overall, aerobic exercise reduced waist circumference and blood glucose, and increased VO2 max significantly. We recommend the application of aerobic exercise to prevent metabolic disease in middle-aged women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Hi Park
- School of Nursing, Soonchunhyang University, Shinchang-myeon, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Gyu Kim
- Department of Nursing, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
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17
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Body Composition Change, Unhealthy Lifestyles and Steroid Treatment as Predictor of Metabolic Risk in Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Survivors. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11030215. [PMID: 33802940 PMCID: PMC8002720 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11030215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Unhealthy lifestyle, as sedentary, unbalanced diet, smoking, and body composition change are often observed in non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) survivors, and could be determinant for the onset of cancer treatment-induced metabolic syndrome (CTIMetS), including abdominal obesity, sarcopenia, and insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to assess whether changes in body composition, unhealthy lifestyles and types of anti-cancer treatment could increase the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) and sarcopenia in long-term NHL survivors. We enrolled 60 consecutive NHL patients in continuous remission for at least 3 years. Nutritional status was assessed by anthropometry-plicometry, and a questionnaire concerning lifestyles and eating habits was administered. More than 60% of survivors exhibited weight gain and a change in body composition, with an increased risk of MetSyn. Univariate analysis showed a significantly higher risk of metabolic disorder in patients treated with steroids, and in patients with unhealthy lifestyles. These data suggest that a nutritional intervention, associated with adequate physical activity and a healthier lifestyle, should be indicated early during the follow-up of lymphoma patients, in order to decrease the risk of MetSyn’s onset and correlated diseases in the long term.
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18
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Pan M, Gu J, Li R, Chen H, Liu X, Tu R, Chen R, Yu S, Mao Z, Huo W, Hou J, Wang C. Independent and combined associations of solid-fuel use and smoking with obesity among rural Chinese adults. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:10.1007/s11356-021-13081-8. [PMID: 33650053 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13081-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although solid-fuel use or smoking is associated with obesity measured by body mass index (BMI), research on their interactive effects on general and central obesity is limited. Data of 20,140 individuals in the Henan Rural Cohort Study was examined the independent and combined associations of solid-fuel use and smoking with prevalent obesity, which was measured by BMI, waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), body fat percentage (BFP), and visceral fat index (VFI). Multiple adjusted logistic regression models showed that the OR (95% CI) of prevalent obesity measured by BMI associated with exposure to solid fuels alone or with smoking was 0.78 (0.70, 0.86) or 0.46 (0.32, 0.66), compared with neither smoking nor solid-fuel exposure. Similar results had been found in other obese anthropometric indices and in the results of linear regression analysis. The results indicated that solid-fuel use and smoking have a synergistic effect on reduction in obesity indices. The effects of household air pollution from solid-fuel use and smoking on obesity should be considered when exploring the influencing factors of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiying Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaotian Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Runqi Tu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruoling Chen
- Faculty of Education, Health and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Songcheng Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenxing Mao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqian Huo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Hou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chongjian Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Cunha CLPD. Lipodystrophy Associated with HIV/ART and Cardiovascular Risk Factors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.36660/ijcs.20200302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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20
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Waist-height ratio and waist are the best estimators of visceral fat in type 1 diabetes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18575. [PMID: 33122731 PMCID: PMC7596092 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75667-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Visceral fat is associated with cardiovascular and kidney disease. However, the relationship between body composition and anthropometric measures in type 1 diabetes is unknown. Using z-statistics, we ranked the ability of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-hip ratio (WHR), waist-height ratio (WHtR) and a body shape index (ABSI) to capture measures of body composition from 603 Dual-energy-X-Ray-Absorptiometry scans of adults with type 1 diabetes. Albuminuria was defined as urinary albumin excretion rate of at least 30 mg/24 h. Women with albuminuria had higher visceral fat mass % (VFM%) (0.9 vs. 0.5%, p = 0.0017) and lower appendicular lean mass % (AppLM%) (25.4 vs 26.4%, p = 0.03) than those without. Men with albuminuria had higher VFM% (1.5 vs. 1.0%, p = 0.0013) and lower AppLM% (30.0 vs 32.3, p < 0.0001) than those without. In men, WHtR estimated VFM% best (z-statistics = 21.1), followed by WC (z = 19.6), BMI (z = 15.1), WHR (z = 14.6) and ABSI (z = 10.1). In women, the ranking was WC (z = 28.9), WHtR (z = 27.3), BMI (z = 20.5), WHR (z = 12.7) and ABSI (z = 10.5). Overall, the ranking was independent of albuminuria. Adults with type 1 diabetes and albuminuria have greater VFM% and lower AppLM% than those without. WHtR and WC best estimate the VFM% in this population, independently of albuminuria and sex.
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21
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Short-Term Effects of Early Menopause on Adiposity, Fatty Acids Profile and Insulin Sensitivity of a Swine Model of Female Obesity. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9090284. [PMID: 32932852 PMCID: PMC7565410 DOI: 10.3390/biology9090284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Menopause strongly increases incidence and consequences of obesity and non-communicable diseases in women, with recent research suggesting a very early onset of changes in lipid accumulation, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance. However, there is a lack of adequate preclinical models for its study. The present trial evaluated the usefulness of an alternative method to surgical ovariectomy, the administration of two doses of a GnRH analogue-protein conjugate (Vacsincel®), for inducing ovarian inactivity in sows used as preclinical models of obesity and menopause. All the sows treated with the compound developed ovarian stoppage after the second dose and, when exposed to obesogenic diets during the following three months, showed changes in the patterns of fat deposition, in the fatty acids profiles at the different tissues and in the plasma concentrations of fructosamine, urea, β-hydroxibutirate, and haptoglobin when compared to obese fed with the same diet but maintaining ovarian activity. Altogether, these results indicate that menopause early augments the deleterious effects induced by overfeeding and obesity on metabolic traits, paving the way for future research on physiopathology of these conditions and possible therapeutic targets using the swine model.
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22
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Seidu S, Gillies C, Zaccardi F, Kunutsor SK, Hartmann-Boyce J, Yates T, Singh AK, Davies MJ, Khunti K. The impact of obesity on severe disease and mortality in people with SARS-CoV-2: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ENDOCRINOLOGY DIABETES & METABOLISM 2020; 4:e00176. [PMID: 32904932 PMCID: PMC7460942 DOI: 10.1002/edm2.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Obesity accompanied by excess ectopic fat storage has been postulated as a risk factor for severe disease in people with SARS-CoV-2 through the stimulation of inflammation, functional immunologic deficit and a pro-thrombotic disseminated intravascular coagulation with associated high rates of venous thromboembolism. Methods Observational studies in COVID-19 patients reporting data on raised body mass index at admission and associated clinical outcomes were identified from MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library up to 16 May 2020. Mean differences and relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were aggregated using random effects models. Results Eight retrospective cohort studies and one cohort prospective cohort study with data on of 4,920 patients with COVID-19 were eligible. Comparing BMI ≥ 25 vs <25 kg/m2, the RRs (95% CIs) of severe illness and mortality were 2.35 (1.43-3.86) and 3.52 (1.32-9.42), respectively. In a pooled analysis of three studies, the RR (95% CI) of severe illness comparing BMI > 35 vs <25 kg/m2 was 7.04 (2.72-18.20). High levels of statistical heterogeneity were partly explained by age; BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 was associated with an increased risk of severe illness in older age groups (≥60 years), whereas the association was weaker in younger age groups (<60 years). Conclusions Excess adiposity is a risk factor for severe disease and mortality in people with SARS-CoV-2 infection. This was particularly pronounced in people 60 and older. The increased risk of worse outcomes from SARS-CoV-2 infection in people with excess adiposity should be taken into account when considering individual and population risks and when deciding on which groups to target for public health messaging on prevention and detection measures. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO 2020: CRD42020179783.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Seidu
- Diabetes Research Centre Leicester General Hospital University of Leicester Leicester UK.,The NIHR Applied Research Collaboration (ARC) East Midlands Leicester General Hospital University of Leicester Leicester UK
| | - Clare Gillies
- Diabetes Research Centre Leicester General Hospital University of Leicester Leicester UK.,The NIHR Applied Research Collaboration (ARC) East Midlands Leicester General Hospital University of Leicester Leicester UK
| | - Francesco Zaccardi
- Diabetes Research Centre Leicester General Hospital University of Leicester Leicester UK.,The NIHR Applied Research Collaboration (ARC) East Midlands Leicester General Hospital University of Leicester Leicester UK
| | - Setor K Kunutsor
- National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust University of Bristol Bristol UK.,Musculoskeletal Research Unit Translational Health Sciences Bristol Medical School Southmead Hospital University of Bristol Bristol UK
| | - Jamie Hartmann-Boyce
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine University of Oxford Oxford UK
| | - Thomas Yates
- Diabetes Research Centre Leicester General Hospital University of Leicester Leicester UK.,NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre A Collaboration between University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust University of Leicester Leicester UK
| | | | - Melanie J Davies
- Diabetes Research Centre Leicester General Hospital University of Leicester Leicester UK.,NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre A Collaboration between University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust University of Leicester Leicester UK
| | - Kamlesh Khunti
- Diabetes Research Centre Leicester General Hospital University of Leicester Leicester UK.,The NIHR Applied Research Collaboration (ARC) East Midlands Leicester General Hospital University of Leicester Leicester UK
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Gut microbiota composition influences outcomes of skeletal muscle nutritional intervention via blended protein supplementation in posttransplant patients with hematological malignancies. Clin Nutr 2020; 40:94-102. [PMID: 32402683 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle atrophy is an important and independent predictor of survival after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Our previous study found that soy-whey blended protein (SWP) can improve muscle mass in acute leukemia patients. OBJECTIVE We aimed to explore potential factors that influence muscle outcomes after nutritional intervention. METHODS In this case-control study, 13 patients who received HSCT and failed to improve muscle function within half a year were included. After two months of SWP intervention, the subjects were divided into two groups (MSI: muscle status improved; MNI: muscle status not improved). 16S rDNA sequencing, principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and the PICRUSt algorithm were used to analyze the composition, structure and function of the intestinal microbiota between the groups. This study was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR 1800017765). RESULTS SWP significantly improved muscle status (muscle area: from 330.4 mm2 to 384.8 mm2, p = 0.02; muscle strength: from 19.2 kg to 21.3 kg, p = 0.04). However, there were a small number of subjects whose muscle status was not effectively improved. After SWP intervention, the diversity (Shannon: from 1.7 to 3.8, p = 0.01; Simpson: from 0.6 to 0.8, p = 0.015) of the intestinal microbiota in the MSI group increased significantly, whereas that in the MNI group did not. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed separate groupings of the microbiota of the Baseline-MSI and Endpoint-MSI time points in the MSI group. Opposite patterns of microbial abundance change were found between the MSI group (75% of changed genera were increased) and the MNI group (80% of changed genera were decreased). Three bacterial taxa (negative correlation: Streptococcus; positive correlations: Ruminococcus and Veillonella) were significantly related to muscle improvement outcomes. Both pentose phosphate (p = 0.048) and amino acid biosynthesis (p = 0.039), which are related to muscle metabolism, were found to be significantly changed in the MSI group through PICRUSt algorithm prediction. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the intestinal microbiota plays important roles in the regulation of muscle metabolism.
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24
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Shahali A, Tasdighi E, Barzin M, Mahdavi M, Valizadeh M, Niroomand M, Azizi F, Hosseinpanah F. Abdominal obesity phenotypes and risk of kidney function decline: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Obes Res Clin Pract 2020; 14:168-175. [PMID: 32307280 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2020.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity and related health risk in different obesity phenotypes has always been a controversial subject. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the risk of kidney function decline (KFD) incidence in different abdominal obesity phenotypes. METHODS In this prospective observational cohort study, 7002 individuals (56.1% female), aged ≥20 years, were followed for the incidence of KFD defined as 40% decline in eGFR. Abdominal obesity was defined based on waist circumference cut-offs ≥89/91cm for men/women, respectively. Metabolic health was defined as ≤1 criterion of the metabolic syndrome criteria, according to the Joint Interim Statement (JIS) definition. RESULTS At baseline 4273 individuals (61.0%) were abdominally obese, among whom, 1188 (27.8%) belonged to the metabolically healthy abdominal obese (MHAO) phenotype. Totally, 251 incidences of KFD was indicated throughout the 12-year follow-up. After adjusting for the confounding variables, MHAO phenotype was not associated with increased risk of KFD in both males and females. Furthermore, results indicated that hazard ratios (HRs) for incidence of KFD did not increase in males with unhealthy obesity phenotypes. However, females with metabolically unhealthy abdominal obese (MUAO) phenotype had increased risk of KFD. CONCLUSION Findings of this study indicated that MHAO phenotype was not associated with KFD incidence, regardless of the participants gender. Furthermore, MUAO phenotype was associated with higher risk of KFD only in females. Further studies with longer follow up and larger sample size are needed to shed more light upon the regarded relationship and the influential role of gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asharf Shahali
- Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Erfan Tasdighi
- Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maryam Barzin
- Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maryam Mahdavi
- Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Majid Valizadeh
- Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahtab Niroomand
- Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Farhad Hosseinpanah
- Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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25
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Kusuayi Mabele G, Nkiama Ekisawa C, Delecluse C, Lepira Bompeka F, Nkodila Natuhoyila A, Miangindula B, Akilimali P. Effets d’un programme d’exercices physiques structurés mixte sur la capacité fonctionnelle, l’aptitude aérobie et la tolérance à l’effort des travailleurs de Kinshasa atteints de l’obésité. Sci Sports 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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26
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Chieh AY, Liu Y, Gower BA, Shelton RC, Li L. Effect of race on the relationship between child maltreatment and obesity in Whites and Blacks. Stress 2020; 23:19-25. [PMID: 31184234 PMCID: PMC6904534 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2019.1625883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This cross-sectional study was designed to determine what role race plays in the relationship between obesity and child maltreatment (CM), which is currently unknown. One hundred fifteen participants successfully completed the study, including Whites (n = 60) and Blacks (n = 55) of both sexes. CM was assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Total fat, trunk/total fat ratio, visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and VAT/trunk ratio, were measured through Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) and Corescan software estimation. A significant interaction between identifying as White and having a history of CM was found to predict body mass index (BMI) (β = 5.02, p = .025), total fat (kg) (β = 9.81, p = .036), and VAT (kg) (β = 0.542, p = .025), whereas race by itself was an insignificant predictor. An interaction between having history of physical abuse and identifying as White was found to predict BMI (β = 6.993, p = .003), total fat (β = 12.683, p = .010), and VAT (β = 0.591, p = .018). An interaction between having multiple CM subtypes and identifying as White predicts increased total fat (β = 5.667, p = .034) and VAT (β = 0.335, p = .014). Our findings indicate that the relationship between CM and obesity, measured through BMI, total body fat, and VAT, is seen in Whites but not in Blacks. Future research should investigate the nature of this racial influence to guide obesity prevention and target at-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Y. Chieh
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, US
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, US
| | - Barbara A. Gower
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, US
| | - Richard C. Shelton
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, US
| | - Li Li
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, US
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The impact of cardiorespiratory fitness on classical cardiovascular disease risk factors in rheumatoid arthritis: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study. Rheumatol Int 2019; 39:1759-1766. [PMID: 31482199 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-019-04431-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Advanced measures of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) are associated with CVD risk factors. The present study aimed to examine whether CVD risk factors can predict clinic-based measures of CRF, using the Siconolfi step test and to determine if exercise can improve RA patients' cardiovascular health. Sixty-five RA patients (46 females, age 58 ± 11 years) completed assessments of CRF, CVD risk factors, body composition and RA characteristics. Ten patients participated in a follow-up 8-week exercise intervention. CRF was low (22 ml kg-1 min-1) and associated with higher diastolic blood pressure (r = - 0.37, p = 0.002), higher global CVD risk (r = - 0.267, p = 0.031) and worse body composition profile (body fat, r = - 0.48, p < 0.001; waist, r = - 0.65, p < 0.001; hip, r = - 0.58, p < 0.001). Regular exercise significantly improved CRF (p = 0.021), lower body strength (p < 0.001), agility (p < 0.001), systolic blood pressure (p = 0.021), body fat (p = 0.018), waist circumference (p = 0.035), hip circumference (p = 0.016), disease activity (p = 0.002), disability (p = 0.007) and QoL (p = 0.004). Elevated diastolic blood pressure and worse body composition profile are strong predictors of clinic-based measures of CRF. CRF is an important determinant of CVD risk and warrants inclusion in the routine assessment of RA patients. Regular exercise can improve CRF and CVD risk factors without any exacerbation of disease activity and should be offered as part of routine care.
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28
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Slepecky M, Kotianova A, Prasko J, Majercak I, Kotian M, Gyorgyova E, Zatkova M, Chupacova M, Ociskova M, Sollar T. Relation of personality factors and life events to waist/height ratio and percentage of visceral fat in women and men. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2019; 12:499-511. [PMID: 31308771 PMCID: PMC6613611 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s214303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The investigation aimed to explore the association between personality traits, stressful life events, quality of life on anthropometric characteristics (waist/height ratio and percentage of visceral fat). METHOD A total of 227 participants took part in this cross-sectional study. Participants completed the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS), Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised, Type-D Scale (DS-14), EuroQol Group 5-Dimension Self-Report Questionnaire (EQ-5D), and demographic questionnaire. Two anthropometric parameters were measured: Waist/height ratio and Percentage of the visceral fat. RESULTS The average age of participants was 39.6±12.9 years, 60.4% women. The 41.8% of participants were overweight or obese. Regression analysis found a significant link between Harm-avoidance and EQ-5D visual analog scale (VAS) with Waist/height ratio in women and Reward dependence and Cooperativeness with Waist/height ratio in men. In regression analysis, the score of life events (SRRS) has statistically significant linked to Percentage of the visceral fat in women. The regression analysis also found a significant link between Novelty seeking, DS14, Negative affectivity, and EQ-5D VAS with Percentage of the visceral fat in women. CONCLUSION Significant associations between live events, personality traits, and body anthropometric measures were recognized. The differences were recognized between women and men. Outcomes propose some promising tools by which personality factors may influence overweight and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milos Slepecky
- Department of Psychology Sciences, Faculty of Social Science and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra, The Slovak Republic
| | - Antonia Kotianova
- Department of Psychology Sciences, Faculty of Social Science and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra, The Slovak Republic
| | - Jan Prasko
- Department of Psychology Sciences, Faculty of Social Science and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra, The Slovak Republic.,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Palacky Olomouc, University Hospital, Olomouc 77520, The Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Majercak
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Josef Safarik University in Košice, Košice, The Slovak Republic.,Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Private practice MUDr Ivan Majercak, Košice, The Slovak Republic
| | - Michal Kotian
- Department of clinical psychology, Psychagogia, Liptovsky Mikulas, 03101, The Slovak Republic
| | - Erika Gyorgyova
- Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Private practice MUDr Ivan Majercak, Košice, The Slovak Republic
| | - Marta Zatkova
- Department of Psychology Sciences, Faculty of Social Science and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra, The Slovak Republic
| | - Michaela Chupacova
- Department of clinical psychology, Psychagogia, Liptovsky Mikulas, 03101, The Slovak Republic
| | - Marie Ociskova
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Palacky Olomouc, University Hospital, Olomouc 77520, The Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Sollar
- Department of Psychology Sciences, Faculty of Social Science and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra, The Slovak Republic.,Institute of Applied Psychology, Faculty of Social Science and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra, The Slovak Republic
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Rafatifard M, Mazloomy Mahmoodabad SS, Fallahzadeh H. The physical activity level and aerobic capacity estimation (VO2max) among the administrative staff of the Pars Special Economic Energy Zone (Assaluyeh, Iran) with different BMIs. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2019; 38:/j/hmbci.ahead-of-print/hmbci-2018-0080/hmbci-2018-0080.xml. [PMID: 31017869 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2018-0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to examine the level of physical activity (PA) and maximal aerobic capacity (VO2max) among office workers of the Pars Special Economic Energy Zone in Iran with different body mass indexes (BMIs). Materials and methods This research was descriptive, and a correlation of variables was applied as its execution method. Administrative staff of two centers were randomly selected from 20 to 30 administrative centers of the Pars Special Economic Energy Zone, Assaluyeh, Iran, and included 294 male employees who were willing to participate in this research and who met the inclusion criteria (being in the age range of 20-60 years, lacking specific diseases, and who had enough physical fitness to do PA) who were purposefully selected. Results The age-adjusted means for the PA score (7.93 ± 1.12) and VO2max (48.66 ± 6.95) mL/min/kg were calculated. After adjusting for other variables, significant difference was found between BMI and age (β = 0.20; p = 0.005), BMI and VO2max (β = 0.302; p = 0.001), as well as BMI and the total PA score (β = -0.304; p = 0.045). Conclusions The results of this study showed low levels of PA (work, exercise and leisure) and respiratory capacity in the administrative staff of the oil and gas industry, which is associated with overweight and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rafatifard
- Department of Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran, Phone: +98-9382884207
| | | | - Hossein Fallahzadeh
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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30
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Russo A, Bartolini D, Mensà E, Torquato P, Albertini MC, Olivieri F, Testa R, Rossi S, Piroddi M, Cruciani G, De Feo P, Galli F. Physical Activity Modulates the Overexpression of the Inflammatory miR-146a-5p in Obese Patients. IUBMB Life 2018; 70:1012-1022. [PMID: 30212608 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Specific microRNAs (miRs), including the "angio-miR-126" and the "inflamma-miR-146a-5p," have been proposed as biomarkers and even therapeutic targets of obesity-associated metabolic diseases. Physical activity, a key measure of prevention for obesity and its complications, is reported to influence the expression of these miRs. In this study, we investigate whether a physical activity program proven to improve metabolic parameters in obese patients can correct the circulating levels of these miRs. Plasma miR-126 and miR-146a-5p were measured in a cohort of obese patients (n = 31, 16F + 15M) before and after the 3-month physical activity program of the CURIAMO trial (registration number for clinical trials: ACTRN12611000255987) and in 37 lean controls (24F + 13M). miR-146a-5p, but not miR-126, was significantly increased in obese patients as compared with lean controls and decreased in approximately two-thirds of the participants post-intervention with a response that positively correlated with pre-intervention levels of this miR. Waist circumference, the inflammatory cytokine IL-8 and lipid parameters, principally total cholesterol, showed the strongest correlation with both the baseline levels and post-intervention correction of miR-146a-5p. Post-hoc analysis of experimental data supports the use of miR-146a-5p as a biomarker and predictor of the clinical response to physical activity in obese patients. Furthermore, miR-146a-5p expression was confirmed to increase together with that of the inflammatory genes TLR4, NF-κB, IL-6, and TNF-α in LPS-stimulated human mononuclear leukocytes. In conclusion, the inflamma-miR-146a-5p can serve as a personalized predictor of clinical outcome in obese patients entering physical activity weight-reduction programs. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 70(10):1012-1022, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Russo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.,"Centro Universitario di Ricerca Interdipartimentale sull' Attività Motoria", University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Desireé Bartolini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Emanuela Mensà
- Experimental Models in Clinical Pathology, IRCCS INRCA National Institute, Ancona, Italy
| | - Pierangelo Torquato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Fabiola Olivieri
- Center of Clinical Pathology and Innovative Therapy, Italian National Research Center on Aging (IRCCS INRCA), Ancona, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, DISCLIMO, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Roberto Testa
- Experimental Models in Clinical Pathology, IRCCS INRCA National Institute, Ancona, Italy
| | - Sara Rossi
- Center of Clinical Pathology and Innovative Therapy, Italian National Research Center on Aging (IRCCS INRCA), Ancona, Italy
| | - Marta Piroddi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Gabriele Cruciani
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo De Feo
- "Centro Universitario di Ricerca Interdipartimentale sull' Attività Motoria", University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco Galli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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31
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Surkan PJ, Sakyi KS, Hu A, Olinto MT, Gonçalves H, Horta BL, Gigante DP. Impact of stressful life events on central adiposity in the Pelotas Birth Cohort. Rev Saude Publica 2018; 52:61. [PMID: 29791680 PMCID: PMC5958973 DOI: 10.11606/s1518-8787.2018052000161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To investigate how stressful life events and social support relate to central adiposity in Southern Brazil. METHODS: Data included information from 802 participants in the 1982 Pelotas Birth Cohort that was collect in 2004-2005 and 2006. Stratifying by sex, we studied self-reported stressful life events during the year before 2004-2005 in relation to change in waist circumference between 2004-2005 and 2006 and waist-to-hip ratio in 2006, using both bivariate and multivariate linear regression models. RESULTS: In adjusted models, the experience of stressful life events during the year before 2004-2005 predicted a change in waist circumference in 2006 in men and a change in both waist-to-hip ratio in 2006 and waist circumference between 2004-2005 and 2006 in women. Men who experienced two or more stressful events had on average a one centimeter increase in their waist circumference between 2004-2005 and 2006 (β = 0.97, 95%CI 0.02-1.92), compared to those reporting no stressful events. For women, those who had one and those who had two or more stressful life events had over a 1 cm increase in their waist circumference from 2004-2005 to 2006 (β = 1.37, 95%CI 0.17-2.54; β = 1.26, 95%CI 0.11-2.40, respectively), compared to those who did not experience any stressful event. For both sexes, social support level was not significantly related to either waist-to-hip ratio or change in waist circumference, and it did not modify the association between stress and central adiposity. CONCLUSIONS: The experience of more than one stressful life event was associated with distinct indicators of central adiposity for men versus women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela J Surkan
- Social and Behavioral Interventions Program, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kwame S Sakyi
- Social and Behavioral Interventions Program, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Alice Hu
- Social and Behavioral Interventions Program, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Maria T Olinto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, São Leopoldo, RS, Brasil
| | - Helen Gonçalves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - Bernardo L Horta
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - Denise P Gigante
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
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32
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Probability and Body Composition of Metabolic Syndrome in Young Adults: Use of the Bayes Theorem as Diagnostic Evidence of the Waist-to-Height Ratio. STATS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/stats1010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) directly increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Childhood and adulthood have been the most studied in MS, leaving aside the young adult population. This study aimed to compare the epidemiological probabilities between MS and different anthropometric parameters of body composition. Using a cross-sectional study with the sample of 1351 young adults, different body composition parameters were obtained such as Waist Circumference (WC), Body Mass Index (BMI), Body Fat% (BF%), Waist-to-Height Ratio (WHtR), and Waist-Hip Ratio. The Bayes Theorem was applied to estimate the conditional probability that any subject developed MS with an altered anthropometric parameter of body composition. Areas under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) and adjusted odds ratios of the five parameters were analyzed in their optimal cutoffs. The conditional probability of developing MS with an altered anthropometric parameter was 17% in WHtR, WC, and Waist-hip R. Furthermore, body composition parameters were adjusted by age, BMI, and gender. Only WHtR (OR = 9.43, CI = 3.4–26.13, p < 0.0001), and BF% (OR = 3.18, CI = 1.42–7.13, p = 0.005) were significant, and the sensitivity (84%) and the AUCs (86%) was higher in WHtR than other parameters. In young adults, the WHtR was the best predictor of metabolic syndrome.
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33
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Moazami M, Askari A. Effect of Six Months of Aerobic Exercise on Lipid Profile, Inflammatory Markers and Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease in Obese Women. MEDICAL LABORATORY JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.29252/mlj.12.2.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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Kang M, Lee A, Yoo HJ, Kim M, Kim M, Shin DY, Lee JH. Association between increased visceral fat area and alterations in plasma fatty acid profile in overweight subjects: a cross-sectional study. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:248. [PMID: 29258511 PMCID: PMC5735636 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0642-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Visceral fat accumulation in overweight status has been resulted in changes of fatty acid profiles. The fatty acids profiles can be altered by fatty acid desaturase; the activity of which is highly associated with obesity and other metabolic diseases. We hypothesized that fatty acid composition, desaturase activity, and accumulation of visceral fat are interrelated. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the association between increased visceral fat area and alterations in plasma fatty acid profile in overweight subjects with different amounts of visceral fat. Methods Healthy overweight subjects (25.0 kg/m2 ≤ BMI < 30 kg/m2, n=232) were classified into lower (T1), middle (T2), and upper tertiles (T3) according to L4 visceral fat area (T1: <71.8 cm2, T2: 71.8 cm2–99.6 cm2, T3: >99.6 cm2). Results The T3 group showed higher amounts of cis-10-heptadecenoic acid and activity of C16 Δ9-desaturase and C18 Δ9-desaturase and lower activity of Δ5-desaturase than the T1 group. Additionally, the T3 group showed higher amounts of saturated fatty acids, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, monounsaturated fatty acids, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, linoleic acid, dihomo-γ-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, n-3 PUFAs, and docosapentaenoic acid than the T1 and T2 groups. Conclusions This study indicates that greater than a certain area (>99.6 cm2) of visceral fat is needed to observe altered levels of individual fatty acid species and desaturase activities. The results suggest that increased activity of C16 Δ9-desaturase and C18 Δ9-desaturase in parallel with decreased Δ5-desaturase activity may be a causative factor in disturbed fatty acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miso Kang
- National Leading Research Laboratory of Clinical Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics, Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.,Department of Food and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Ayoung Lee
- National Leading Research Laboratory of Clinical Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics, Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.,Department of Food and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Hye Jin Yoo
- National Leading Research Laboratory of Clinical Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics, Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.,Department of Food and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Minjoo Kim
- Research Center for Silver Science, Institute of Symbiotic Life-TECH, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Minkyung Kim
- Research Center for Silver Science, Institute of Symbiotic Life-TECH, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Dong Yeob Shin
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Jong Ho Lee
- National Leading Research Laboratory of Clinical Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics, Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea. .,Department of Food and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea. .,Research Center for Silver Science, Institute of Symbiotic Life-TECH, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
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35
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Burton ET, Wilder T, Beech BM, Bruce MA. Caregiver feeding practices and weight status among African American adolescents: The Jackson Heart KIDS Pilot Study. Eat Behav 2017; 27:33-38. [PMID: 29127938 PMCID: PMC5709039 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Adolescence is a stage in the life course during which youth become more autonomous in their health behaviors. Overweight and obesity during this developmental period are associated with short- and long-term physical and emotional morbidity, and African American youth are at pronounced risk for these health outcomes. The style of parenting employed by caregivers influences health behaviors in children, though the persistence of this influence into adolescence is not clear. This study examined associations among caregiver feeding practices, body mass index z-score (zBMI), and waist circumference (WC) in a cohort of 212 African American adolescents (50.5% girls; Mage=15.16years). Participants were children and grandchildren of individuals enrolled in the Jackson Heart Study, a prospective epidemiologic evaluation of cardiovascular disease among African Americans based in Jackson, Mississippi. Youth zBMI and WC were primary outcomes, and caregivers completed the Child Feeding Questionnaire, an assessment of attitudes, beliefs, and practices related to obesity proneness. Regression analyses revealed that while controlling caregiver feeding practices were associated with zBMI and WC, perceived responsibility for the type and amount of food provided to adolescents was not related to weight status. Among younger adolescents, more oversight of their eating practices was related to higher zBMI. Similarly, boys whose intake of unhealthy foods was restricted were more likely to have higher zBMI and WC. Results suggest that caregiver feeding practices continue to be associated with weight status during adolescence, and underscore the importance of culturally and developmentally appropriate prevention and intervention efforts targeting overweight and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Thomaseo Burton
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 50 N. Dunlap Street, Room 452R, Memphis, TN 38103, USA; Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, 50 N. Dunlap Street, Room 452R, Memphis, TN 38103, USA.
| | - Tanganyika Wilder
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida A&M University, 1530 Martin Luther King Boulevard JH 514, Tallahassee, FL 32308, USA.
| | - Bettina M Beech
- Department of Population Health Science, John D. Bower School of Population Health, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, USA.
| | - Marino A Bruce
- Center for Research on Men's Health, Vanderbilt University, 300CC Calhoun Hall, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.
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36
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Belenchia AM, Johnson SA, Ellersieck MR, Rosenfeld CS, Peterson CA. In utero vitamin D deficiency predisposes offspring to long-term adverse adipose tissue effects. J Endocrinol 2017; 234:301-313. [PMID: 28676524 PMCID: PMC6647013 DOI: 10.1530/joe-17-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The fetal period represents an important window of susceptibility for later obesity and metabolic disease. Maternal vitamin D deficiency (VDD) during pregnancy is a global concern that may have long-lasting consequences on offspring metabolic health. We sought to determine whether a VDD in utero environment affects fetal adipose tissue development and offspring metabolic disease predisposition in adulthood. Furthermore, we sought to explore the extent to which the VDD intrauterine environment interacts with genetic background or postnatal environment to influence metabolic health. Eight-week-old P0 female C57BL/6J mice were fed either a VDD diet or sufficient diet (VDS) from four weeks before pregnancy (periconception) then bred to male Avy/a mice. Females were maintained on the diets throughout gestation. At weaning, Avy/a and a/a male F1 offspring were randomized to low-fat (LFD) or high-fat diet (HFD) until 19 weeks of age, at which point serum and adipose tissue were harvested for analyses. Mice born to VDD dams weighed less at weaning than offspring born to VDS dams but experienced rapid weight gain in the four weeks post weaning, and acquired a greater ratio of perigonadal (PGAT) to subcutaneous (SQAT) than control offspring. Additionally, these mice were more susceptible to HFD-induced adipocyte hypertrophy. Offspring of VDD dams also had greater expression of Pparg transcript. These novel findings demonstrate that in utero VDD, an easily correctable but highly prevalent health concern, predisposes offspring to long-term adipose tissue consequences and possible adverse metabolic health complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony M Belenchia
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise PhysiologyUniversity of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Sarah A Johnson
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Bond Life Sciences CenterUniversity of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Mark R Ellersieck
- Department of StatisticsUniversity of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Cheryl S Rosenfeld
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Bond Life Sciences CenterUniversity of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Catherine A Peterson
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise PhysiologyUniversity of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic condition associated with the risk of malabsorption. The incidence of obesity worldwide is increasing, and the effect of obesity on patients with CD is unknown. We aim to identify traits related to obesity in a cohort of patients with CD. METHODS We conducted a retrospective study of 209 adult patients with CD. Age, Montreal disease classification, sex, race, duration of disease, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein levels, physician global assessment, endoscopic appearance, histologic activity, medication use, and body mass index (BMI) were collected about each patient. RESULTS The mean age was 43.4 ± 14.9 years; 68.9% were white, and 51.7% were male. The mean duration of disease was 11.0 ± 10.6 years. The mean BMI was 26.8 ± 5.7: underweight 7.7%; normal weight 29.3%; overweight 38.0%; and obese 25%. Patients with higher BMI were more likely to have extraintestinal manifestations (EIM) (P = 0.005) and more likely to have nonarthralgia extraintestinal manifestations (P = 0.047). There was a linear association between proximal CD and decreasing BMI (underweight 31.3%, normal weight 14.8%, overweight 15.0%, obese 7.7%; P = 0.046). There was no difference in BMI between patients with and without perianal disease (P = 0.216). CONCLUSIONS Most patients were overweight or obese, which correlates with national population trends. Our data suggest disease location plays a role in weight modulation in patients with CD. Increased extraintestinal manifestations in patients with high BMI suggests that the chronic inflammation associated with obesity may play a role in extraintestinal inflammation.
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Mansur RB, Rizzo LB, Santos CM, Asevedo E, Cunha GR, Noto MN, Pedrini M, Zeni-Graiff M, Cordeiro Q, McIntyre RS, Brietzke E. Plasma copeptin and metabolic dysfunction in individuals with bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2017; 71:624-636. [PMID: 28457001 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to compare plasma copeptin levels, the c-terminal of provasopressin, between individuals with bipolar disorder (BD) and healthy controls and to assess the relation between copeptin and metabolic parameters. METHODS We measured plasma levels of copeptin in individuals with BD (n = 55) and healthy controls (n = 21). Information related to psychiatric/medical history, as well as to metabolic comorbidities and laboratorial parameters was also captured. Insulin resistance and β-cell function in basal state were calculated from fasting plasma glucose and C-peptide using the HOMA2 calculator. Impaired glucose metabolism was defined as pre-diabetes or type 2 diabetes mellitus. Copeptin, adiponectin, and leptin plasma levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Plasma copeptin levels were lower in individuals with BD, relative to healthy controls (P < 0.001). There were significant interactions between BD and plasma copeptin on β-cell function (rate ratio [RR] = 1.048; P = 0.030) and on leptin levels (RR = 1.087; P = 0.012), indicating that there was a positive correlation between these markers in the BD group, but a negative one in healthy controls. Finally, in individuals with BD only, the association between β-cell function, body mass index (RR = 1.007; P < 0.001), and insulin resistance (RR = 1.001; P = 0.037) was moderated by copeptin levels. CONCLUSION Copeptin levels were lower in individuals with BD than in healthy controls. There were differential associations between copeptin and metabolic parameters within the BD and healthy control subgroups, suggesting an association between abnormal copeptin and metabolic dysregulation only in the BD population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo B Mansur
- Reserach Group in Behavioral and Molecular Neuroscience of Bipolar Disorder, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.,Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit (MDPU), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Lucas B Rizzo
- Reserach Group in Behavioral and Molecular Neuroscience of Bipolar Disorder, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Psychiatry, Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Camila M Santos
- Reserach Group in Behavioral and Molecular Neuroscience of Bipolar Disorder, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elson Asevedo
- Reserach Group in Behavioral and Molecular Neuroscience of Bipolar Disorder, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Graccielle R Cunha
- Reserach Group in Behavioral and Molecular Neuroscience of Bipolar Disorder, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariane N Noto
- Reserach Group in Behavioral and Molecular Neuroscience of Bipolar Disorder, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.,Vila Maria Outpatient Clinic, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Pedrini
- Reserach Group in Behavioral and Molecular Neuroscience of Bipolar Disorder, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maiara Zeni-Graiff
- Reserach Group in Behavioral and Molecular Neuroscience of Bipolar Disorder, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Quirino Cordeiro
- Department of Psychiatry, Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo (ISCMSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roger S McIntyre
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit (MDPU), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Elisa Brietzke
- Reserach Group in Behavioral and Molecular Neuroscience of Bipolar Disorder, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
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Anthropometric Indices in the Prediction of Hypertension in Female Adolescents. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2017. [DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.14591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Doustmohamadian S, Serahati S, Barzin M, Keihani S, Azizi F, Hosseinpanah F. Risk of all-cause mortality in abdominal obesity phenotypes: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2017; 27:241-248. [PMID: 28139376 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2016.11.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Revised: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Long-term health risks in the so-called "healthy obesity" phenotypes remain controversial. Also it is unknown if "metabolically healthy abdominal obese" (MHAO) phenotype is at increased risk of all-cause mortality compared to their non-abdominally obese counterparts. In this study we assessed the risk of all-cause mortality in different abdominal obesity phenotypes. METHODS AND RESULTS In this large population-based cohort, 8804 participants (aged ≥ 30 years), from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS) were enrolled and followed for a median of 12.0 (8.7-12.5) years. Abdominal obesity was defined using national waist circumference (WC) cut-off points of ≥89 cm for men and ≥91 cm for women. Metabolic health was defined as ≤1 components of metabolic syndrome (excluding WC), using the Joint Interim Statement (JIS) definition. Baseline prevalence of MHAO phenotype was 12.8% in the whole population and 23.4% in those with abdominal obesity. A total of 540 all-cause death occurred during the follow-up. After multivariate adjustment, all-cause mortality risk in MHAO phenotype was not significantly increased compared to "metabolically healthy non abdominal obese" (MHNAO) as the reference group (HR: 1.35, CI: 0.89-2.03). CONCLUSION Our results indicate that MHAO individuals were not at higher risk for all-cause mortality over a median of 12 years follow-up. However, considering inadequate power of our analysis for fully adjusted model, larger studies with more follow-ups are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Doustmohamadian
- School of Medical Sciences, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - S Serahati
- Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Barzin
- Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Keihani
- Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - F Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - F Hosseinpanah
- Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
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Anthropometrically predicted visceral adipose tissue and blood-based biomarkers: a cross-sectional analysis. Eur J Nutr 2016; 57:191-198. [PMID: 27614626 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-016-1308-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We hypothesized that anthropometrically predicted visceral adipose tissue (apVAT) accounts for more variance in blood-based biomarkers of glucose homeostasis, inflammation, and lipid metabolism than body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and the combination of BMI and WC (BMI + WC). METHODS This was a cross-sectional analysis of 10,624 males and females who participated in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III; 1988-1994). apVAT was predicted from a validated regression equation that included age, height, weight, waist, and thigh circumferences. Bootstrapped linear regression models were used to compare the proportion of variance (R 2) in biomarkers explained by apVAT, BMI, WC, and BMI + WC. RESULTS apVAT accounted for more variance in biomarkers of glucose homeostasis than BMI (∆R 2 = 8.4-11.8 %; P < 0.001), WC (∆R 2 = 5.5-8.4 %; P < 0.001), and BMI + WC (∆R 2 = 5.1-7.7 %; P < 0.001). apVAT accounted for more variance in biomarkers of inflammation than BMI (ΔR 2 = 3.8 %; P < 0.001), WC (ΔR 2 = 3.1 %; P < 0.001), and BMI + WC (ΔR 2 = 2.9 %; P < 0.001). apVAT accounted for more variance in biomarkers of lipid metabolism than BMI (ΔR 2 = 2.9-9.2 %; P < 0.001), WC (ΔR 2 = 2.9-5.2 %; P < 0.001), and BMI + WC (ΔR 2 = 2.4-4.1 %; P ≤ 0.01). CONCLUSIONS apVAT, estimated with simple and widely used anthropometric measures, accounts for more variance in blood-based biomarkers than BMI, WC, and BMI + WC. Clinicians and researchers may consider utilizing apVAT to characterize cardio-metabolic health, particularly in settings with limited availability of imaging and laboratory data.
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Özkan S, Özdemir F, Uğur O, Demirtunç R, Balci AY, Kizilay M, Vural Ü, Kaplan M, Yekeler I. The effects of the metabolic syndrome on coronary artery bypass grafting surgery. Cardiovasc J Afr 2016; 28:48-53. [PMID: 27701481 PMCID: PMC5423427 DOI: 10.5830/cvja-2016-056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The metabolic syndrome (MS) is a clustering of factors that are associated with increased cardiovascular risk. A low-grade inflammatory process acts as the underlying pathophysiology, which suggests that the MS may have a detrimental effect on coronary interventions, including coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery performed with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). We aimed to evaluate the effect of the MS on morbidity and mortality rates in the early postoperative period in patients undergoing CABG. Methods We prospectively included 152 patients (109 males and 43 females; mean age 60.1 ± 8.6 years) who underwent elective CABG on CPB between January and September 2011. Early postoperative morbidity and mortality rates were compared between subjects with and without the MS. Diagnosis of the MS was based on the American National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) criteria. Results Of the study group, 64 patients (42%) had the MS. The two groups were similar in age and gender. In the postoperative period, rates of atrial fibrillation, wound infection, pulmonary complications, and lengths of intubation, hospitalisation and intensive care unit stay were significantly higher in MS patients (p < 0.01). The MS was significantly associated with wound infection (OR 6.64, 95% CI: 1.72–25.75), pulmonary complications (OR 6.44, 95% CI: 1.58–26.33), arrhythmia (OR 5.47, 95% CI: 1.50–19.97) and prolonged intubation (OR 1.17, 95% CI: 1.05–1.32). The mortality rate was 3.1% in the MS group and 1.1% in the non-MS group, with no significant difference (p > 0.05). Conclusion The MS was associated with a higher rate of early postoperative morbidity following CABG, without having a significant effect on the mortality rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevil Özkan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Fatih Özdemir
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Dr Siyami Ersek Training and Research Hospital on Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Oğuz Uğur
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Dr Siyami Ersek Training and Research Hospital on Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Refik Demirtunç
- Department of Internal Medicine, Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Yavuz Balci
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Dr Siyami Ersek Training and Research Hospital on Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Kizilay
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Dr Siyami Ersek Training and Research Hospital on Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ünsal Vural
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Dr Siyami Ersek Training and Research Hospital on Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Kaplan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Dr Siyami Ersek Training and Research Hospital on Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Yekeler
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Dr Siyami Ersek Training and Research Hospital on Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Istanbul, Turkey
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Xiao DY, Luo S, O'Brian K, Sanfilippo KM, Ganti A, Riedell P, Lynch RC, Liu W, Kahl BS, Cashen AF, Fehniger TA, Carson KR. Longitudinal Body Composition Changes in Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma Survivors: A Retrospective Cohort Study of United States Veterans. J Natl Cancer Inst 2016; 108:djw145. [PMID: 27381623 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djw145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Body composition parameters are associated with long-term health outcomes. We assessed longitudinal body composition changes in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) survivors and identified clinical variables associated with the long-term development of sarcopenia and visceral obesity. METHODS A retrospective cohort of United States veterans with DLBCL treated with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone, with or without rituximab, was assembled. Muscle, subcutaneous fat, and visceral fat areas were measured with computed tomography analysis. Data were analyzed with repeated-measures analysis of variance and logistic regression. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS Three hundred forty-two patients were included. Muscle area initially decreased during treatment, then returned to baseline by 24 months after treatment. Subcutaneous fat area increased from baseline by 6.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.6% to 10.5%) during treatment and by 21.4% (95% CI = 15.7% to 27.2%) by 24 months after treatment. Visceral fat area increased from baseline by 4.5% (95% CI = -0.9% to 9.9%) during treatment and by 21.6% (95% CI = 14.8% to 28.4%) by 24 months after treatment. Variables associated with long-term development of sarcopenia included: baseline sarcopenia (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 17.21, 95% CI = 8.48 to 34.94), older than age 60 years (aOR = 2.93, 95% CI = 1.46 to 5.88), and weight loss greater than 5% during treatment (aOR = 2.40, 95% CI = 1.12 to 5.14). Variables associated with long-term visceral fat gain included: weight gain greater than 5% during treatment (aOR = 4.60, 95% CI = 2.42 to 8.74). CONCLUSIONS DLBCL survivors undergo unfavorable long-term body composition changes. Patients at risk for the long-term development of sarcopenia or visceral obesity can be identified based on clinical risk factors and targeted for lifestyle interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne Y Xiao
- Affiliations of authors: Research Service, St. Louis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, St. Louis, MO (DYX, SL, KO, KMS, WL, KRC); Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery (KRC), and Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine (SL, KO, KMS, PR, BSK, AFC, TAF, KRC), Washington University School of Medicine (DYX), St. Louis, MO; Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI (AG); Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine/Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA (RCL)
| | - Suhong Luo
- Affiliations of authors: Research Service, St. Louis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, St. Louis, MO (DYX, SL, KO, KMS, WL, KRC); Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery (KRC), and Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine (SL, KO, KMS, PR, BSK, AFC, TAF, KRC), Washington University School of Medicine (DYX), St. Louis, MO; Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI (AG); Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine/Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA (RCL)
| | - Katiuscia O'Brian
- Affiliations of authors: Research Service, St. Louis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, St. Louis, MO (DYX, SL, KO, KMS, WL, KRC); Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery (KRC), and Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine (SL, KO, KMS, PR, BSK, AFC, TAF, KRC), Washington University School of Medicine (DYX), St. Louis, MO; Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI (AG); Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine/Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA (RCL)
| | - Kristen M Sanfilippo
- Affiliations of authors: Research Service, St. Louis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, St. Louis, MO (DYX, SL, KO, KMS, WL, KRC); Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery (KRC), and Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine (SL, KO, KMS, PR, BSK, AFC, TAF, KRC), Washington University School of Medicine (DYX), St. Louis, MO; Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI (AG); Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine/Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA (RCL)
| | - Arun Ganti
- Affiliations of authors: Research Service, St. Louis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, St. Louis, MO (DYX, SL, KO, KMS, WL, KRC); Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery (KRC), and Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine (SL, KO, KMS, PR, BSK, AFC, TAF, KRC), Washington University School of Medicine (DYX), St. Louis, MO; Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI (AG); Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine/Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA (RCL)
| | - Peter Riedell
- Affiliations of authors: Research Service, St. Louis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, St. Louis, MO (DYX, SL, KO, KMS, WL, KRC); Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery (KRC), and Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine (SL, KO, KMS, PR, BSK, AFC, TAF, KRC), Washington University School of Medicine (DYX), St. Louis, MO; Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI (AG); Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine/Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA (RCL)
| | - Ryan C Lynch
- Affiliations of authors: Research Service, St. Louis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, St. Louis, MO (DYX, SL, KO, KMS, WL, KRC); Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery (KRC), and Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine (SL, KO, KMS, PR, BSK, AFC, TAF, KRC), Washington University School of Medicine (DYX), St. Louis, MO; Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI (AG); Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine/Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA (RCL)
| | - Weijian Liu
- Affiliations of authors: Research Service, St. Louis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, St. Louis, MO (DYX, SL, KO, KMS, WL, KRC); Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery (KRC), and Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine (SL, KO, KMS, PR, BSK, AFC, TAF, KRC), Washington University School of Medicine (DYX), St. Louis, MO; Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI (AG); Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine/Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA (RCL)
| | - Brad S Kahl
- Affiliations of authors: Research Service, St. Louis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, St. Louis, MO (DYX, SL, KO, KMS, WL, KRC); Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery (KRC), and Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine (SL, KO, KMS, PR, BSK, AFC, TAF, KRC), Washington University School of Medicine (DYX), St. Louis, MO; Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI (AG); Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine/Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA (RCL)
| | - Amanda F Cashen
- Affiliations of authors: Research Service, St. Louis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, St. Louis, MO (DYX, SL, KO, KMS, WL, KRC); Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery (KRC), and Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine (SL, KO, KMS, PR, BSK, AFC, TAF, KRC), Washington University School of Medicine (DYX), St. Louis, MO; Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI (AG); Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine/Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA (RCL)
| | - Todd A Fehniger
- Affiliations of authors: Research Service, St. Louis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, St. Louis, MO (DYX, SL, KO, KMS, WL, KRC); Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery (KRC), and Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine (SL, KO, KMS, PR, BSK, AFC, TAF, KRC), Washington University School of Medicine (DYX), St. Louis, MO; Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI (AG); Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine/Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA (RCL)
| | - Kenneth R Carson
- Affiliations of authors: Research Service, St. Louis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, St. Louis, MO (DYX, SL, KO, KMS, WL, KRC); Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery (KRC), and Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine (SL, KO, KMS, PR, BSK, AFC, TAF, KRC), Washington University School of Medicine (DYX), St. Louis, MO; Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI (AG); Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine/Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA (RCL)
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Motamed N, Rabiee B, Keyvani H, Hemasi GR, Khonsari M, Saeedian FS, Maadi M, Zamani F. The Best Obesity Indices to Discriminate Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2016; 14:249-53. [DOI: 10.1089/met.2015.0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nima Motamed
- Department of Social Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Behnam Rabiee
- Gastroenterology and Liver Disease Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Firoozgar Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Keyvani
- Department of Virology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholam Reza Hemasi
- Gastroenterology and Liver Disease Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Firoozgar Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Khonsari
- Gastroenterology and Liver Disease Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Firoozgar Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sima Saeedian
- Gastroenterology and Liver Disease Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Firoozgar Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansooreh Maadi
- Gastroenterology and Liver Disease Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Firoozgar Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Zamani
- Gastroenterology and Liver Disease Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Firoozgar Hospital, Tehran, Iran
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Mansur RB, Rizzo LB, Santos CM, Asevedo E, Cunha GR, Noto MN, Pedrini M, Zeni M, Cordeiro Q, McIntyre RS, Brietzke E. Adipokines, metabolic dysfunction and illness course in bipolar disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2016; 74:63-9. [PMID: 26748249 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Replicated evidence indicates that individuals with BD are differentially affected by metabolic comorbidities and that its occurrence is a critical mediator and/or moderator of BD outcomes. This study aimed to explore the role of adipokines on bipolar disorder (BD) course and its relationship with metabolic comorbidities (i.e. type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity). We measured plasma levels of adiponectin and leptin, as well as anthropometric and metabolic parameters of 59 patients with BD and 28 healthy volunteers. Our results showed that, in female participants, adiponectin was lower in individuals with BD, relative to healthy controls (p = 0.017). In the BD population, adiponectin levels were correlated with fasting glucose (r = -0.291, p = 0.047), fasting insulin (r = -0.332, p = 0.023), C-peptide (r = 0.040, p = 0.040), homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (r = -0.411, p = 0.004), HDL (r = 0.508, p < 0.001), VLDL (r = -0.395, p = 0.005) and triglycerides (r = -0.310, p = 0.030). After adjustment for age, gender and BMI, individuals with BD and low adiponectin levels (i.e. < 7.5 μg/ml), had a higher number of mood episodes (p < 0.001), lower number of psychiatric hospitalizations (p = 0.007), higher depressive symptoms (p < 0.001) and lower levels of functioning (p = 0.020). In conclusion, adiponectin levels, either directly or as a proxy of metabolic dysfunction, is independently associated with an unfavorable course of illness in BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo B Mansur
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences (LINC), Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil; Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit (MDPU), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Lucas B Rizzo
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences (LINC), Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry, Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Camila M Santos
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences (LINC), Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elson Asevedo
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences (LINC), Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Graccielle R Cunha
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences (LINC), Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariane N Noto
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences (LINC), Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil; Vila Maria Outpatient Clinic in São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Pedrini
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences (LINC), Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maiara Zeni
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences (LINC), Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Quirino Cordeiro
- Department of Psychiatry, Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo (ISCMSP), Brazil
| | - Roger S McIntyre
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit (MDPU), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Elisa Brietzke
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences (LINC), Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
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Kim YJ, Park JW, Kim JW, Park CS, Gonzalez JPS, Lee SH, Kim KG, Oh JH. Computerized Automated Quantification of Subcutaneous and Visceral Adipose Tissue From Computed Tomography Scans: Development and Validation Study. JMIR Med Inform 2016; 4:e2. [PMID: 26846251 PMCID: PMC4759454 DOI: 10.2196/medinform.4923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Computed tomography (CT) is often viewed as one of the most accurate methods for measuring visceral adipose tissue (VAT). However, measuring VAT and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) from CT is a time-consuming and tedious process. Thus, evaluating patients’ obesity levels during clinical trials using CT scans is both cumbersome and limiting. Objective To describe an image-processing-based and automated method for measuring adipose tissue in the entire abdominal region. Methods The method detects SAT and VAT levels using a separation mask based on muscles of the human body. The separation mask is the region that minimizes the unnecessary space between a closed path and muscle area. In addition, a correction mask, based on bones, corrects the error in VAT. Results To validate the method, the volume of total adipose tissue (TAT), SAT, and VAT were measured for a total of 100 CTs using the automated method, and the results compared with those from manual measurements obtained by 2 experts. Dice’s similarity coefficients (DSCs) between the first manual measurement and the automated result for TAT, SAT, and VAT are 0.99, 0.98, and 0.97, respectively. The DSCs between the second manual measurement and the automated result for TAT, SAT, and VAT are 0.98, 0.98, and 0.97, respectively. Moreover, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) between the automated method and the results of the manual measurements indicate high reliability as the ICCs for the items are all .99 (P<.001). Conclusions The results described in this paper confirm the accuracy and reliability of the proposed method. The method is expected to be both convenient and useful in the clinical evaluation and study of obesity in patients who require SAT and VAT measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Jae Kim
- Biomedical Engineering Branch, Division of Convergence Technology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic Of Korea
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Wei C, Thyagiarajan MS, Hunt LP, Shield JPH, Stevens MCG, Crowne EC. Reduced insulin sensitivity in childhood survivors of haematopoietic stem cell transplantation is associated with lipodystropic and sarcopenic phenotypes. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015; 62:1992-9. [PMID: 25989749 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.25601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) treated with haematopoietic stem cell transplantation and total body irradiation (HSCT/TBI) have a high cardiometabolic risk despite lacking overt clinical obesity. This study characterised body composition using different methodologies and explored associations with reduced insulin sensitivities in a group of ALL survivors treated with/without HSCT/TBI. PROCEDURE Survivors of childhood ALL treated with HSCT/TBI (n = 20,10 M) were compared with Chemotherapy-only (n = 31), and an obese non-leukaemic controls (n = 30). All subjects (aged 16-26 years) were investigated with: auxology (BMI, waist and hip circumferences), DEXA (total and regional fat, fat-free mass), abdominal MRI (subcutaneous, visceral, intramuscular fat), oral glucose tolerance tests (impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes, insulin sensitivity) and serum adiponectin. RESULTS HSCT/TBI Group displayed a higher prevalence of abnormal glucose tolerance (45%); lower insulin sensitivity; lower lean mass with higher prevalence of reduced fat-free mass index (from DEXA); higher visceral and intramuscular, and lower subcutaneous fat on MRI, compared with the Chemotherapy-only and Obese controls. BMI was lowest in HSCT/TBI Group. Waist-to-hip and android-to-gynoid ratios were similar between HSCT/TBI and Obese Groups. Insulin sensitivity adjusted for visceral fat mass was lower in the HSCT/TBI than the Chemotherapy-only and Obese groups. Adiponectin in the HSCT/TBI Group was lower than the Chemotherapy-only group, and correlated negatively with time post HSCT/TBI. CONCLUSIONS HSCT/TBI survivors have an increased risk of abnormal glucose tolerance and reduced insulin sensitivity with reduced subcutaneous and increased visceral fat distribution, increased total fat mass and reduced lean mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Wei
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology & Diabetes, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Bristol, UK.,St. Georges Hospital, St. Georges Health Care NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Linda P Hunt
- School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Julian P H Shield
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology & Diabetes, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Bristol, UK.,Bristol Biomedical Research Unit in Nutrition, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Elizabeth C Crowne
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology & Diabetes, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Bristol, UK.,School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Ratner C, Madsen AN, Kristensen LV, Skov LJ, Pedersen KS, Mortensen OH, Knudsen GM, Raun K, Holst B. Impaired oxidative capacity due to decreased CPT1b levels as a contributing factor to fat accumulation in obesity. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2015; 308:R973-82. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00219.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
To characterize mechanisms responsible for fat accumulation we used a selectively bred obesity-prone (OP) and obesity-resistant (OR) rat model where the rats were fed a Western diet for 76 days. Body composition was assessed by magnetic resonance imaging scans, and as expected, the OP rats developed a higher degree of fat accumulation compared with OR rats. Indirect calorimetry showed that the OP rats had higher respiratory exchange ratio (RER) compared with OR rats, indicating an impaired ability to oxidize fat. The OP rats had lower expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1b in intra-abdominal fat, and higher expression of stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 in subcutaneous fat compared with OR rats, which could explain the higher fat accumulation and RER values. Basal metabolic parameters were also examined in juvenile OP and OR rats before and during the introduction of the Western diet. Juvenile OP rats likewise had higher RER values, indicating that this trait may be a primary and contributing factor to their obese phenotype. When the adult obese rats were exposed to the orexigenic and adipogenic hormone ghrelin, we observed increased RER values in both OP and OR rats, while OR rats were more sensitive to the orexigenic effects of ghrelin as well as ghrelin-induced attenuation of activity and energy expenditure. Thus increased fat accumulation characterizing obesity may be caused by impaired oxidative capacity due to decreased carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1b levels in the white adipose tissue, whereas ghrelin sensitivity did not seem to be a contributing factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Ratner
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Section for Metabolic Receptology and Enteroendocrinology, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Nygaard Madsen
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Section for Metabolic Receptology and Enteroendocrinology, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Line Vildbrad Kristensen
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Section for Metabolic Receptology and Enteroendocrinology, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Louise Julie Skov
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Section for Metabolic Receptology and Enteroendocrinology, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katrine Seide Pedersen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cellular and Metabolic Research Section, Symbion, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ole Hartvig Mortensen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cellular and Metabolic Research Section, Symbion, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gitte Moos Knudsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; and
| | - Kirsten Raun
- Novo Nordisk Diabetes Research Unit, Novo Nordisk A/S, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Holst
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Section for Metabolic Receptology and Enteroendocrinology, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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49
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Keihani S, Hosseinpanah F, Barzin M, Serahati S, Doustmohamadian S, Azizi F. Abdominal obesity phenotypes and risk of cardiovascular disease in a decade of follow-up: The Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Atherosclerosis 2015; 238:256-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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50
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Mansur RB, Brietzke E, McIntyre RS. Is there a "metabolic-mood syndrome"? A review of the relationship between obesity and mood disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2015; 52:89-104. [PMID: 25579847 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and mood disorders are highly prevalent and co-morbid. Epidemiological studies have highlighted the public health relevance of this association, insofar as both conditions and its co-occurrence are associated with a staggering illness-associated burden. Accumulating evidence indicates that obesity and mood disorders are intrinsically linked and share a series of clinical, neurobiological, genetic and environmental factors. The relationship of these conditions has been described as convergent and bidirectional; and some authors have attempted to describe a specific subtype of mood disorders characterized by a higher incidence of obesity and metabolic problems. However, the nature of this association remains poorly understood. There are significant inconsistencies in the studies evaluating metabolic and mood disorders; and, as a result, several questions persist about the validity and the generalizability of the findings. An important limitation in this area of research is the noteworthy phenotypic and pathophysiological heterogeneity of metabolic and mood disorders. Although clinically useful, categorical classifications in both conditions have limited heuristic value and its use hinders a more comprehensive understanding of the association between metabolic and mood disorders. A recent trend in psychiatry is to move toward a domain specific approach, wherein psychopathology constructs are agnostic to DSM-defined diagnostic categories and, instead, there is an effort to categorize domains based on pathogenic substrates, as proposed by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Research Domain Criteria Project (RDoC). Moreover, the substrates subserving psychopathology seems to be unspecific and extend into other medical illnesses that share in common brain consequences, which includes metabolic disorders. Overall, accumulating evidence indicates that there is a consistent association of multiple abnormalities in neuropsychological constructs, as well as correspondent brain abnormalities, with broad-based metabolic dysfunction, suggesting, therefore, that the existence of a "metabolic-mood syndrome" is possible. Nonetheless, empirical evidence is necessary to support and develop this concept. Future research should focus on dimensional constructs and employ integrative, multidisciplinary and multimodal approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo B Mansur
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit (MDPU), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neuroscience (LINC), Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Elisa Brietzke
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neuroscience (LINC), Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roger S McIntyre
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit (MDPU), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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