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Wright S, Levermore J, Ishikawa Y. Application of Infrared and Near-Infrared Microspectroscopy to Microplastic Human Exposure Measurements. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 77:1105-1128. [PMID: 37792505 PMCID: PMC10566227 DOI: 10.1177/00037028231199772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic pollution is a global issue for the environment and human health. The potential for human exposure to microplastic through drinking water, dust, food, and air raises concern, since experimental in vitro and in vivo toxicology studies suggest there is a level of hazard associated with high microplastic concentrations. However, to infer the likelihood of hazards manifesting in the human population, a robust understanding of exposure concentrations is needed. Infrared and near-infrared microspectroscopies have routinely been used to analyze microplastic in different exposure matrices (air, dust, food, and water), with technological advances coupling multivariate and machine learning algorithms to spectral data. This focal point article will highlight the application of infrared and Raman modes of spectroscopy to detect, characterize, and quantify microplastic particles, with a focus on human exposure to microplastic. Methodologies and state-of-the-art approaches will be reported and potential confounding variables and challenges in microplastic analysis discussed. The article provides an up-to-date review of the literature on microplastic exposure measurement using (near) infrared spectroscopies as an analytical tool, highlighting the recent advances in this rapidly advancing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Wright
- Environmental Research Group, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London UK
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London UK
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Environmental Exposures and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London UK
| | - Joseph Levermore
- Environmental Research Group, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London UK
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London UK
| | - Yukari Ishikawa
- Environmental Research Group, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London UK
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London UK
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2
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AbdEl-haq M, Kumar A, Ait Mohand FE, Kravchenko-Balasha N, Rottenberg Y, Domb AJ. Paclitaxel Delivery to the Brain for Glioblastoma Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11722. [PMID: 37511480 PMCID: PMC10380674 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of paclitaxel-loaded polymeric nanoparticles for the treatment of brain tumors was investigated. Poly(lactide-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles containing 10% w/w paclitaxel with a particle size of 216 nm were administered through intranasal and intravenous routes to male Sprague-Dawley rats at a dose of 5 mg/kg. Both routes of administration showed appreciable accumulation of paclitaxel in brain tissue, liver, and kidney without any sign of toxicity. The anti-proliferative effect of the nanoparticles on glioblastoma tumor cells was comparable to that of free paclitaxel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad AbdEl-haq
- Institute of Drug Research, School of Pharmacy-Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Awanish Kumar
- Institute of Drug Research, School of Pharmacy-Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Fatima-ezzahra Ait Mohand
- The Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel (N.K.-B.)
| | - Nataly Kravchenko-Balasha
- The Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel (N.K.-B.)
| | - Yakir Rottenberg
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel;
| | - Abraham J. Domb
- Institute of Drug Research, School of Pharmacy-Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
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3
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Self-Assembled Lecithin-Chitosan Nanoparticles Improved Rotigotine Nose-to-Brain Delivery and Brain Targeting Efficiency. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030851. [PMID: 36986712 PMCID: PMC10052746 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Rotigotine (RTG) is a non-ergoline dopamine agonist and an approved drug for treating Parkinson’s disease. However, its clinical use is limited due to various problems, viz. poor oral bioavailability (<1%), low aqueous solubility, and extensive first-pass metabolism. In this study, rotigotine-loaded lecithin-chitosan nanoparticles (RTG-LCNP) were formulated to enhance its nose-to-brain delivery. RTG-LCNP was prepared by self-assembly of chitosan and lecithin due to ionic interactions. The optimized RTG-LCNP had an average diameter of 108 nm with 14.43 ± 2.77% drug loading. RTG-LCNP exhibited spherical morphology and good storage stability. Intranasal RTG-LCNP improved the brain availability of RTG by 7.86 fold with a 3.84-fold increase in the peak brain drug concentration (Cmax(brain)) compared to intranasal drug suspensions. Further, the intranasal RTG-LCNP significantly reduced the peak plasma drug concentration (Cmax(plasma)) compared to intranasal RTG suspensions. The direct drug transport percentage (DTP (%)) of optimized RTG-LCNP was found to be 97.3%, which shows effective direct nose-to-brain drug uptake and good targeting efficiency. In conclusion, RTG-LCNP enhanced drug brain availability, showing the potential for clinical application.
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4
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Singh S, Jaiswal V, Singh JK, Semwal R, Raina D. Nanoparticle formulations: A smart era of advanced treatment with nanotoxicological imprints on the human body. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 373:110355. [PMID: 36682480 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In the modern era, nanoparticles are the preferred dosage form, and maximum research is going on in the field of nanoparticle formulations. But as they are so small, nanoparticles are able to slip through the body's defenses and cause damage to the organs and tissues deep inside. In recent years, most researchers have focused solely on the therapeutic value of drugs or, at times, the performance of dosage forms, but few have given toxicity studies equal weight in their research. This review demonstrates that nanoparticle formulations are not suitable from a safety standpoint. So, researchers should be focused on alternative formulations like nanoemulsion, nanogel, and other liquids as well as semisolid formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, 248007, India
| | - Vishakha Jaiswal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, BBDNIIT, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226028, India
| | | | - Ravindra Semwal
- Research and Development Centre, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Uttarakhand Ayurved University, Harrawala, Dehradun, 248001, India
| | - Deepika Raina
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, India.
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5
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Yan J, Hua F, Cao L, Yang H, He H. Multifunctional modification of orthodontic adhesives with ZnO quantum dots. Dent Mater 2022; 38:1728-1741. [PMID: 36137833 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To develop a multifunctional orthodontic adhesive (QDA) using ZnO quantum-dots (ZnQDs) as modifier and investigate the antibacterial capability, fluorescence property as well as biocompatibility and bonding property. METHODS ZnQDs were synthesized using sol-gel method. XPS, XRD, FT-IR, HRTEM, SAED, DLS and spectrofluorimetry were used to characterize ZnQDs. ZnQDs were incorporated into Transbond XT adhesive paste with 20 %, 30 %, 40 % mass fraction, respectively, to form the multifunctional adhesives (QDAs). Antibacterial capability was evaluated with MTT kit, CFU count and Live/Dead Bacterial Staining Kit. Ultraviolet photography and spectrofluorimetry were used to confirm the fluorescence property of QDAs. Biocompatibility assay was performed on gingival fibroblasts and subcutaneous tissue of rats. Softening in solvent rate, shear bond strength and degree of conversion (DC) were measured. RESULTS The synthesized ZnQDs presented excellent crystallinity and fluorescence properties. MTT assay, CFU count and CLSM analysis indicated that QDAs had significant antibacterial activity compared with Transbond XT adhesive paste. CCK-8 assay and Live/Dead cell staining analysis denied the cytotoxicity of QDAs and histological analysis proved that QDAs all had no inflammatory irritation to subcutaneous tissue. Softening in solvent, shear bond strength and DC evaluations indicated that 20 % mixing ratio of ZnQDs could enhance the resistance to degradation without influencing the bond strength and DC. Ultraviolet photography and spectrofluorimetry analysis proved the fluorescence capability of QDAs. SIGNIFICANCE ZnQDs can impart antibacterial and fluorescence properties to orthodontic adhesives without affecting biocompatibility and bonding performance. QDAs can be multifunctional orthodontic adhesives to reduce bacterial adhesion around brackets and help orthodontists remove residual adhesives precisely when needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarong Yan
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Orthodontics, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Hua
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Orthodontics, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Lingyun Cao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Orthodontics, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongye Yang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Prosthodontics, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Hong He
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Orthodontics, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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6
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Maciejewski R, Radzikowska-Büchner E, Flieger W, Kulczycka K, Baj J, Forma A, Flieger J. An Overview of Essential Microelements and Common Metallic Nanoparticles and Their Effects on Male Fertility. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191711066. [PMID: 36078782 PMCID: PMC9518444 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191711066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Numerous factors affect reproduction, including stress, diet, obesity, the use of stimulants, or exposure to toxins, along with heavy elements (lead, silver, cadmium, uranium, vanadium, mercury, arsenic). Metals, like other xenotoxins, can cause infertility through, e.g., impairment of endocrine function and gametogenesis or excess production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The advancement of nanotechnology has created another hazard to human safety through exposure to metals in the form of nanomaterials (NMs). Nanoparticles (NPs) exhibit a specific ability to penetrate cell membranes and biological barriers in the human body. These ultra-fine particles (<100 nm) can enter the human body through the respiratory tract, food, skin, injection, or implantation. Once absorbed, NPs are transported to various organs through the blood or lymph. Absorbed NPs, thanks to ultrahigh reactivity compared to bulk materials in microscale size, disrupt the homeostasis of the body as a result of interaction with biological molecules such as DNA, lipids, and proteins; interfering with the functioning of cells, organs, and physiological systems; and leading to severe pathological dysfunctions. Over the past decades, much research has been performed on the reproductive effects of essential trace elements. The research hypothesis that disturbances in the metabolism of trace elements are one of the many causes of infertility has been unquestionably confirmed. This review examines the complex reproductive risks for men regarding the exposure to potentially harmless xenobiotics based on a series of 298 articles over the past 30 years. The research was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases searching for papers devoted to in vivo and in vitro studies related to the influence of essential elements (iron, selenium, manganese, cobalt, zinc, copper, and molybdenum) and widely used metallic NPs on male reproduction potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wojciech Flieger
- Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Kinga Kulczycka
- Institute of Health Sciences, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, 20-708 Lublin, Poland
| | - Jacek Baj
- Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Alicja Forma
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Jaczewskiego 8B, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Jolanta Flieger
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4A, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-81448-7182
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7
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Agurto-Arteaga A, Poma-Acevedo A, Rios-Matos D, Choque-Guevara R, Montesinos-Millán R, Montalván Á, Isasi-Rivas G, Cauna-Orocollo Y, Cauti-Mendoza MDG, Pérez-Martínez N, Gutierrez-Manchay K, Ramirez-Ortiz I, Núñez-Fernández D, Salguedo-Bohorquez MI, Quiñones-Garcia S, Fernández Díaz M, Guevara Sarmiento LA, Zimic M. Preclinical Assessment of IgY Antibodies Against Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 RBD Protein for Prophylaxis and Post-Infection Treatment of COVID-19. Front Immunol 2022; 13:881604. [PMID: 35664008 PMCID: PMC9157249 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.881604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the framework of the current COVID-19 pandemic, there is a race against time to find therapies for the outbreak to be controlled. Since vaccines are still tedious to develop and partially available for low-income countries, passive immunity based on egg-yolk antibodies (IgY) is presented as a suitable approach to preclude potential death of infected patients, based on its high specificity/avidity/production yield, cost-effective manufacture, and ease of administration. In the present study, IgY antibodies against a recombinant RBD protein of SARS-CoV-2 were produced in specific-pathogen-free chickens and purified from eggs using a biocompatible method. In vitro immunoreactivity was tested, finding high recognition and neutralization values. Safety was also demonstrated prior to efficacy evaluation, in which body weight, kinematics, and histopathological assessments of hamsters challenged with SARS-CoV-2 were performed, showing a protective effect administering IgY intranasally both as a prophylactic treatment or a post-infection treatment. The results of this study showed that intranasally delivered IgY has the potential to both aid in prevention and in overcoming COVID-19 infection, which should be very useful to control the advance of the current pandemic and the associated mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Agurto-Arteaga
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular y Genómica, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Farmacológicos Veterinarios SAC (FARVET SAC), Chincha, Peru
| | - Astrid Poma-Acevedo
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular y Genómica, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Farmacológicos Veterinarios SAC (FARVET SAC), Chincha, Peru
| | - Dora Rios-Matos
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular y Genómica, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Farmacológicos Veterinarios SAC (FARVET SAC), Chincha, Peru
| | - Ricardo Choque-Guevara
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular y Genómica, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Farmacológicos Veterinarios SAC (FARVET SAC), Chincha, Peru
| | - Ricardo Montesinos-Millán
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular y Genómica, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Farmacológicos Veterinarios SAC (FARVET SAC), Chincha, Peru
| | - Ángela Montalván
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular y Genómica, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Farmacológicos Veterinarios SAC (FARVET SAC), Chincha, Peru
| | - Gisela Isasi-Rivas
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular y Genómica, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Farmacológicos Veterinarios SAC (FARVET SAC), Chincha, Peru
| | - Yudith Cauna-Orocollo
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática, Biología Molecular y Desarrollos Tecnológicos, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - María de Grecia Cauti-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática, Biología Molecular y Desarrollos Tecnológicos, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Norma Pérez-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular y Genómica, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Farmacológicos Veterinarios SAC (FARVET SAC), Chincha, Peru
| | - Kristel Gutierrez-Manchay
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular y Genómica, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Farmacológicos Veterinarios SAC (FARVET SAC), Chincha, Peru
| | - Ingrid Ramirez-Ortiz
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular y Genómica, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Farmacológicos Veterinarios SAC (FARVET SAC), Chincha, Peru
| | - Dennis Núñez-Fernández
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática, Biología Molecular y Desarrollos Tecnológicos, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Mario I Salguedo-Bohorquez
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática, Biología Molecular y Desarrollos Tecnológicos, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Stefany Quiñones-Garcia
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática, Biología Molecular y Desarrollos Tecnológicos, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Manolo Fernández Díaz
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular y Genómica, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Farmacológicos Veterinarios SAC (FARVET SAC), Chincha, Peru
| | - Luis A Guevara Sarmiento
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular y Genómica, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Farmacológicos Veterinarios SAC (FARVET SAC), Chincha, Peru
| | - Mirko Zimic
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular y Genómica, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Farmacológicos Veterinarios SAC (FARVET SAC), Chincha, Peru.,Laboratorio de Bioinformática, Biología Molecular y Desarrollos Tecnológicos, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
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8
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Using the Intranasal Route to Administer Drugs to Treat Neurological and Psychiatric Illnesses: Rationale, Successes, and Future Needs. CNS Drugs 2022; 36:739-770. [PMID: 35759210 PMCID: PMC9243954 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-022-00930-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
While the intranasal administration of drugs to the brain has been gaining both research attention and regulatory success over the past several years, key fundamental and translational challenges remain to fully leveraging the promise of this drug delivery pathway for improving the treatment of various neurological and psychiatric illnesses. In response, this review highlights the current state of understanding of the nose-to-brain drug delivery pathway and how both biological and clinical barriers to drug transport using the pathway can been addressed, as illustrated by demonstrations of how currently approved intranasal sprays leverage these pathways to enable the design of successful therapies. Moving forward, aiming to better exploit the understanding of this fundamental pathway, we also outline the development of nanoparticle systems that show improvement in delivering approved drugs to the brain and how engineered nanoparticle formulations could aid in breakthroughs in terms of delivering emerging drugs and therapeutics while avoiding systemic adverse effects.
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9
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Xu H, Cai L, Hufnagel S, Cui Z. Intranasal vaccine: Factors to consider in research and development. Int J Pharm 2021; 609:121180. [PMID: 34637935 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Most existing vaccines for human use are administered by needle-based injection. Administering vaccines needle-free intranasally has numerous advantages over by needle-based injection, but there are only a few intranasal vaccines that are currently approved for human use, and all of them are live attenuated influenza virus vaccines. Clearly, there are immunological as well as non-immunological challenges that prevent vaccine developers from choosing the intranasal route of administration. We reviewed current approved intranasal vaccines and pipelines and described the target of intranasal vaccines, i.e. nose and lymphoid tissues in the nasal cavity. We then analyzed factors unique to intranasal vaccines that need to be considered when researching and developing new intranasal vaccines. We concluded that while the choice of vaccine formulations, mucoadhesives, mucosal and epithelial permeation enhancers, and ligands that target M-cells are important, safe and effective intranasal mucosal vaccine adjuvants are needed to successfully develop an intranasal vaccine that is not based on live-attenuated viruses or bacteria. Moreover, more effective intranasal vaccine application devices that can efficiently target a vaccine to lymphoid tissues in the nasal cavity as well as preclinical animal models that can better predict intranasal vaccine performance in clinical trials are needed to increase the success rate of intranasal vaccines in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyue Xu
- The University of Texas at Austin, College of Pharmacy, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Lucy Cai
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Stephanie Hufnagel
- The University of Texas at Austin, College of Pharmacy, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Zhengrong Cui
- The University of Texas at Austin, College of Pharmacy, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Austin, TX, United States.
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10
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Das P, Ghosh S, Nayak B. Phyto-fabricated Nanoparticles and Their Anti-biofilm Activity: Progress and Current Status. FRONTIERS IN NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fnano.2021.739286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilm is the self-synthesized, mucus-like extracellular polymeric matrix that acts as a key virulence factor in various pathogenic microorganisms, thereby posing a serious threat to human health. It has been estimated that around 80% of hospital-acquired infections are associated with biofilms which are found to be present on both biotic and abiotic surfaces. Antibiotics, the current mainstream treatment strategy for biofilms are often found to be futile in the eradication of these complex structures, and to date, there is no effective therapeutic strategy established against biofilm infections. In this regard, nanotechnology can provide a potential platform for the alleviation of this problem owing to its unique size-dependent properties. Accordingly, various novel strategies are being developed for the synthesis of different types of nanoparticles. Bio-nanotechnology is a division of nanotechnology which is gaining significant attention due to its ability to synthesize nanoparticles of various compositions and sizes using biotic sources. It utilizes the rich biodiversity of various biological components which are biocompatible for the synthesis of nanoparticles. Additionally, the biogenic nanoparticles are eco-friendly, cost-effective, and relatively less toxic when compared to chemically or physically synthesized alternatives. Biogenic synthesis of nanoparticles is a bottom-top methodology in which the nanoparticles are formed due to the presence of biological components (plant extract and microbial enzymes) which act as stabilizing and reducing agents. These biosynthesized nanoparticles exhibit anti-biofilm activity via various mechanisms such as ROS production, inhibiting quorum sensing, inhibiting EPS production, etc. This review will provide an insight into the application of various biogenic sources for nanoparticle synthesis. Furthermore, we have highlighted the potential of phytosynthesized nanoparticles as a promising antibiofilm agent as well as elucidated their antibacterial and antibiofilm mechanism.
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11
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Chávez-Sánchez MC, Abad-Rosales S, Lozano-Olvera R, Montoya-Rodríguez L, Franco-Nava MÁ, Mejía-Ruíz CH, Pestryakov A, Bogdanchikova N. Silver nanoparticles induce histopathological alterations in juvenile Penaeus vannamei. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:8224-8234. [PMID: 33052563 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11175-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the histopathological alterations in juvenile Penaeus vannamei caused by silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) for two types of experiments: at sublethal concentrations of 3.6 to 7.1 μg/μL of metallic silver (Ag) for a short period up to 72 h and for 2.6 to 7.9 μg of Ag/μL for the long period up to 264 h. The severity degree of the changes was evaluated and the histopathological index (Hi) was determined in both experiments using the necrosis (cellular dead) as an indicator. The pathological changes in the striated muscle, gills, antennal gland, circulatory system, heart, lymphoid organ, and connective tissue are described. The histopathological effects were similar for the two experiments without a direct relationship with the concentrations. In the short-term experiment, the values of Hi were higher (2.34 ± 0.41 at 48 hpi and 1.91 ± 0.39 at 72 hpi) compared with the long-term experiment (values between 0.57 ± 0.36 to 1.74 ± 0.57 at 264 hpi). The observed pathologies are similar to those caused by other metals, with the exception of the agglomerations of black particles in the gills, lymphoid organ, and muscle, which has not been previously reported. This work shows that silver nanoparticles cause damage to shrimp in sublethal concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-Cristina Chávez-Sánchez
- Mazatlan Unit of the Research Center for Food and Development, Unidad Mazatlán del CIAD, A.C. Av. Sábalo-Cerritos s/n, 82112, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico.
| | - Selene Abad-Rosales
- Mazatlan Unit of the Research Center for Food and Development, Unidad Mazatlán del CIAD, A.C. Av. Sábalo-Cerritos s/n, 82112, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Rodolfo Lozano-Olvera
- Mazatlan Unit of the Research Center for Food and Development, Unidad Mazatlán del CIAD, A.C. Av. Sábalo-Cerritos s/n, 82112, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Leobardo Montoya-Rodríguez
- Mazatlan Unit of the Research Center for Food and Development, Unidad Mazatlán del CIAD, A.C. Av. Sábalo-Cerritos s/n, 82112, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Miguel Ángel Franco-Nava
- Technological Institute of Mazatlán, Calle Corsario 1 No. 203 Col. Urías, A.P 757, 82070, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Claudio Humberto Mejía-Ruíz
- The Northwestern Center of Biological Research, National Polytechnic Institute, s/n Playa Palo de Santa Rita, 23096, La Paz, Baja California, Mexico
| | | | - Nina Bogdanchikova
- Center of Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, National Autonomous University of México, Km 107 Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
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12
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Bejgum BC, Donovan MD. Uptake and Transport of Ultrafine Nanoparticles (Quantum Dots) in the Nasal Mucosa. Mol Pharm 2020; 18:429-440. [PMID: 33346666 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c01074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A wide variety of colloidal delivery systems, including polymeric nanoparticles, metal colloids, liposomes, and microemulsions have been reported to enhance the delivery of therapeutic agents across the nasal mucosa. The mechanisms involved in the uptake of these nanomaterials, especially ultrafine nanomaterials (diameters < 20 nm) through the nasal mucosa are not well understood. Fluorescent quantum dots (QDs) were used to investigate the uptake of ultrafine nanoparticles by bovine respiratory and olfactory mucosal tissues following in vitro exposure, and an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy method was developed to quantify the amount of QDs localized within the tissues. QDs do not biodegrade or release their core materials and, as a result, this method allowed for the direct quantification of the nanoparticles themselves, rather than the measurement of a potentially dissociated drug or label. The results demonstrated that carboxylate-modified QDs (COOH-QDs) showed ∼2.5-fold greater accumulation in the epithelial and submucosal regions of olfactory tissues compared to that in respiratory tissues. Endocytic inhibitory studies showed that clathrin-dependent endocytosis, macropinocytosis, and caveolae-dependent endocytic process are all involved in the uptake of COOH-QDs into the respiratory tissues. In olfactory tissues, clathrin-dependent endocytosis is the major endocytic pathway involved in the uptake of COOH-QDs. Additional energy-independent pathways also appeared to allow the transfer of COOH-QDs within the olfactory mucosa. When polyethylene glycol-modified QDs known as PEGylated QDs (PEG-QDs) of similar size, ∼15 nm, were investigated, no nanoparticles were detected in the tissues suggesting that the PEG corona limits the interactions with endocytic and other uptake processes in the nasal epithelium. The capacity for nanoparticle uptake observed in the nasal mucosa, along with the ability of significant numbers of nanoparticles to enter the olfactory tissues using nonenergy-dependent pathways show that the pathways for ultrafine nanoparticle uptake in the nasal tissues have both drug delivery and toxicologic consequences. This places an increased importance on the careful selection of nanoparticle components and drugs intended for intranasal administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhanu C Bejgum
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Maureen D Donovan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
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Albarki MA, Donovan MD. Bigger or Smaller? Size and Loading Effects on Nanoparticle Uptake Efficiency in the Nasal Mucosa. AAPS PharmSciTech 2020; 21:294. [PMID: 33099728 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-020-01837-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
PLGA nanoparticles hold great promise for nasal administration, but only with careful design will efficient, effective, and safe delivery systems be developed. To better understand the size dependence of nasal epithelial uptake, PLGA nanoparticles (60 nm or 125 nm) loaded with Nile Red were prepared, and their uptake into excised sections of bovine nasal respiratory or olfactory mucosa was measured for 30 or 60 min. The epithelial layer and the submucosal tissues were separated, and the amount of Nile Red was used to calculate the number of nanoparticles in each tissue region. Both particle sizes were able to be internalized into the nasal tissues in as little as 30 min, but their total uptake represented less than 5% of the nanoparticles available. Nanoparticles were present both in the epithelial cells and in the submucosal tissues, and greater numbers of the 60-nm particles were present in the submucosa than the epithelium, while greater numbers of the 125-nm particles remained in the epithelial cell layer. The amount of Nile Red recovered from the mucosal tissues after exposure to 125-nm nanoparticles was at least 2-fold greater than from the 60-nm nanoparticles, however, due to the higher (~ 9-fold) loading capacity of the larger particles. The greater mass transfer of the Nile Red from the larger particles suggests that it may not be necessary to develop small nanoparticulate delivery systems for efficient drug delivery via the nasal mucosa. Well-designed nanoparticles with diameters > 100 nm show good uptake into the nasal epithelium and are capable of transfer to the submucosal tissues, near the location of significant populations of blood and lymphatic vessels. Graphical abstract.
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Tsakmakidis IA, Samaras T, Anastasiadou S, Basioura A, Ntemka A, Michos I, Simeonidis K, Karagiannis I, Tsousis G, Angelakeris M, Boscos CM. Iron Oxide Nanoparticles as an Alternative to Antibiotics Additive on Extended Boar Semen. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10081568. [PMID: 32784995 PMCID: PMC7466471 DOI: 10.3390/nano10081568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the effect of Fe3O4 nanoparticles on boar semen. Beltsville thawing solution without antibiotics was used to extend ejaculates from 5 boars (4 ejaculates/boar). Semen samples of control group (C) and group with Fe3O4 (Fe; 0.192 mg/mL semen) were incubated under routine boar semen storage temperature (17 °C) for 0.5 h and nanoparticles were removed by a magnetic field. Before and after treatment, aliquots of all groups were cultured using standard microbiological methods. The samples after treatment were stored (17 °C) for 48 h and sperm parameters (computer-assisted sperm analyzer (CASA) variables; morphology; viability; hypo-osmotic swelling test (HOST); DNA integrity) were evaluated at storage times 0, 24, 48 h. Semen data were analyzed by a repeated measures mixed model and microbial data with Student’s t-test for paired samples. Regarding CASA parameters, Fe group did not differ from C at any time point. In group C, total motility after 24 h and progressive motility after 48 h of storage decreased significantly compared to 0 h. In group Fe, linearity (LIN) after 48 h and head abnormalities after 24 h of storage increased significantly compared to 0 h. The microbiological results revealed a significant reduction of the bacterial load in group Fe compared to control at both 24 and 48 h. In conclusion, the use of Fe3O4 nanoparticles during semen processing provided a slight anti-microbiological effect with no adverse effects on sperm characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis A. Tsakmakidis
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54627 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.A.); (A.B.); (A.N.); (I.M.); (I.K.); (G.T.); (C.M.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2310-994-467
| | - Theodoros Samaras
- School of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (T.S.); (K.S.); (M.A.)
| | - Sofia Anastasiadou
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54627 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.A.); (A.B.); (A.N.); (I.M.); (I.K.); (G.T.); (C.M.B.)
| | - Athina Basioura
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54627 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.A.); (A.B.); (A.N.); (I.M.); (I.K.); (G.T.); (C.M.B.)
| | - Aikaterini Ntemka
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54627 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.A.); (A.B.); (A.N.); (I.M.); (I.K.); (G.T.); (C.M.B.)
| | - Ilias Michos
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54627 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.A.); (A.B.); (A.N.); (I.M.); (I.K.); (G.T.); (C.M.B.)
| | - Konstantinos Simeonidis
- School of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (T.S.); (K.S.); (M.A.)
| | - Isidoros Karagiannis
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54627 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.A.); (A.B.); (A.N.); (I.M.); (I.K.); (G.T.); (C.M.B.)
| | - Georgios Tsousis
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54627 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.A.); (A.B.); (A.N.); (I.M.); (I.K.); (G.T.); (C.M.B.)
| | - Mavroeidis Angelakeris
- School of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (T.S.); (K.S.); (M.A.)
| | - Constantin M. Boscos
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54627 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.A.); (A.B.); (A.N.); (I.M.); (I.K.); (G.T.); (C.M.B.)
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Rungrojcharoenkit K, Sunintaboon P, Ellison D, Macareo L, Midoeng P, Chaisuwirat P, Fernandez S, Ubol S. Development of an adjuvanted nanoparticle vaccine against influenza virus, an in vitro study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237218. [PMID: 32760143 PMCID: PMC7410248 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza is an infectious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses. Despite yearly updates, the efficacy of influenza vaccines is significantly curtailed by the virus antigenic drift and antigenic shift. These constant changes to the influenza virus make-up also challenge the development of a universal flu vaccine, which requires conserved antigenic regions shared by influenza viruses of different subtypes. We propose that it is possible to bypass these challenges by the development of an influenza vaccine based on conserved proteins delivered in an adjuvanted nanoparticle system. In this study, we generated influenza nanoparticle constructs using trimethyl chitosan nanoparticles (TMC nPs) as the carrier of recombinant influenza hemagglutinin subunit 2 (HA2) and nucleoprotein (NP). The purified HA2 and NP recombinant proteins were encapsulated into TMC nPs to form HA2-TMC nPs and NP-TMC nPs, respectively. Primary human intranasal epithelium cells (HNEpCs) were used as an in vitro model to measure immunity responses. HA2-TMC nPs, NP-TMC nPs, and HA2-NP-TMC nPs (influenza nanoparticle constructs) showed no toxicity in HNEpCs. The loading efficiency of HA2 and NP into the TMC nPs was 97.9% and 98.5%, respectively. HA2-TMC nPs and NP-TMC nPs more efficiently delivered HA2 and NP proteins to HNEpCs than soluble HA2 and NP proteins alone. The induction of various cytokines and chemokines was more evident in influenza nanoparticle construct-treated HNEpCs than in soluble protein-treated HNEpCs. In addition, soluble factors secreted by influenza nanoparticle construct-treated HNEpCs significantly induced MoDCs maturation markers (CD80, CD83, CD86 and HLA-DR), as compared to soluble factors secreted by protein-treated HNEpCs. HNEpCs treated with the influenza nanoparticle constructs significantly reduced influenza virus replication in an in vitro challenge assay. The results indicate that TMC nPs can be used as influenza vaccine adjuvants and carriers capable of delivering HA2 and NP proteins to HNEpCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamonthip Rungrojcharoenkit
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Panya Sunintaboon
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Damon Ellison
- Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Louis Macareo
- Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Panuwat Midoeng
- Division of Pathology, Army Institute of Pathology, Phramongkutklao Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Preamrudee Chaisuwirat
- Division of Pathology, Army Institute of Pathology, Phramongkutklao Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Stefan Fernandez
- Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
- * E-mail: (SF); (SU)
| | - Sukathida Ubol
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- * E-mail: (SF); (SU)
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Fahmy HM, Ebrahim NM, Gaber MH. In-vitro evaluation of copper/copper oxide nanoparticles cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in normal and cancer lung cell lines. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2020; 60:126481. [PMID: 32135445 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nanotoxicology is a major field of study that reveals hazard effects of nanomaterials on the living cells. METHODS In the present study, Copper/Copper oxide nanoparticles (Cu/CuO NPs) were prepared by the chemical reduction method and characterized by different techniques such as: X-Ray Diffraction, Transmission and Scanning Electron Microscopy. Evaluation of the toxicity of Cu/CuO NPs was performed on 2 types of cells: human lung normal cell lines (WI-38) and human lung carcinoma cell (A549). To assess the toxicity of the prepared Cu/CuOs NPs, the two cell types were exposed to Cu/CuO NPs for 72 h. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration IC50 of Cu/CuO NPs for both cell types was separately determined and used to examine the cell genotoxicity concurrently with the determination of some oxidative stress parameters: nitric oxide, glutathione reduced, hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase. RESULTS Cu/CuO NPs suppressed proliferation and viability of normal and carcinoma lung cells. Treatment of both cell types with their IC50's of Cu/CuO NPs resulted in DNA damage besides the generation of reactive oxygen species and consequently the generation of a state of oxidative stress. CONCLUSION Overall, it can be concluded that the IC50's of the prepared Cu/CuO NPs were cytotoxic and genotoxic to both normal and cancerous lung cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nashwa Moatez Ebrahim
- Faculty of Physical Therapy, Modern University for Science and Technology (MTI), Egypt
| | - Mohamed Hassaneen Gaber
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Egypt; Faculty of Engineering, British University in Egypt (BUE), Egypt
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Intranasal lipid nanocapsules for systemic delivery of nimodipine into the brain: In vitro optimization and in vivo pharmacokinetic study. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 116:111236. [PMID: 32806316 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Nimodipine (NM) is FDA-approved drug for treating subarachnoid haemorrhage induced vasospasm. Intravenous (IV) administration, the most common route of NM, causes several side effects such as hypotension, bradycardia, arrhythmias and inflammation at site of administration. The aim of this study was to investigate the capability of intranasal (IN) lipid nanocapsules (LNCs) for effective delivery of NM into the brain. NM LNCs were prepared by solvent free phase inversion temperature technique using D-Optimal mixture design studying the effects of three formulation variables on the properties of the prepared LNCs. The prepared particles were evaluated for particle size, drug payload, PDI, Zeta potential and in-vitro drug release. The optimized NM loaded LNC showed particle size of 35.94 ± 0.14 nm and PDI of 0.146 ± 0.045. The in-vivo pharmacokinetic behaviour of IN NM loaded LNC in blood and brain was compared with NM-solution after IV administration in rats. Results show that IN NM loaded LNC was capable to deliver the same amount of NM at brain tissue with lower drug levels in blood compared with IV administration of the NM solution which is greatly beneficial to minimize the cardiovascular side effects of NM. Contrary to most IN nanocarriers, systemic pathway rather than olfactory pathway plays the major role in brain delivery following IN administration of LNCs. The appropriate brain delivery with lower blood levels and slow elimination propose that intranasal LNCs could provide effective systemic delivery of NM into brain with lower frequency of administration and minimal side effects.
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18
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Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle Synergizes Sorafenib Anticancer Efficacy with Minimizing Its Cytotoxicity. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:1362104. [PMID: 32566073 PMCID: PMC7275957 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1362104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer, as a group, represents the most important cause of death worldwide. Unfortunately, the available therapeutic approaches of cancer including surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy are unsatisfactory and represent a great challenge as many patients have cancer recurrence and severe side effects. Methotrexate (MTX) is a well-established (antineoplastic or cytotoxic) chemotherapy and immunosuppressant drug used to treat different types of cancer, but its usage requires high doses causing severe side effects. Therefore, we need a novel drug with high antitumor efficacy in addition to safety. The aim of this study was the evaluation of the antitumor efficacy of zinc oxide nanoparticle (ZnO-NPs) and sorafenib alone or in combination on solid Ehrlich carcinoma (SEC) in mice. Sixty adult female Swiss-albino mice were divided equally into 6 groups as follows: control, SEC, MTX, ZnO-NPs, sorafenib, and ZnO-NPs+sorafenib; all treatments continued for 4 weeks. ZnO-NPs were characterized by TEM, zeta potential, and SEM mapping. Data showed that ZnO-NPs synergized with sorafenib as a combination therapy to execute more effective and safer anticancer activity compared to monotherapy as showed by a significant reduction (P < 0.001) in tumor weight, tumor cell viability, and cancer tissue glutathione amount as well as by significant increase (P < 0.001) in tumor growth inhibition rate, DNA fragmentation, reactive oxygen species generation, the release of cytochrome c, and expression of the apoptotic gene caspase-3 in the tumor tissues with minimal changes in the liver, renal, and hematological parameters. Therefore, we suggest that ZnO-NPs might be a safe candidate in combination with sorafenib as a more potent anticancer. The safety of this combined treatment may allow its use in clinical trials.
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Ferber S, Gonzalez RJ, Cryer AM, von Andrian UH, Artzi N. Immunology-Guided Biomaterial Design for Mucosal Cancer Vaccines. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1903847. [PMID: 31833592 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201903847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Cancer of mucosal tissues is a major cause of worldwide mortality for which only palliative treatments are available for patients with late-stage disease. Engineered cancer vaccines offer a promising approach for inducing antitumor immunity. The route of vaccination plays a major role in dictating the migratory pattern of lymphocytes, and thus vaccine efficacy in mucosal tissues. Parenteral immunization, specifically subcutaneous and intramuscular, is the most common vaccination route. However, this induces marginal mucosal protection in the absence of tissue-specific imprinting signals. To circumvent this, the mucosal route can be utilized, however degradative mucosal barriers must be overcome. Hence, vaccine administration route and selection of materials able to surmount transport barriers are important considerations in mucosal cancer vaccine design. Here, an overview of mucosal immunity in the context of cancer and mucosal cancer clinical trials is provided. Key considerations are described regarding the design of biomaterial-based vaccines that will afford antitumor immune protection at mucosal surfaces, despite limited knowledge surrounding mucosal vaccination, particularly aided by biomaterials and mechanistic immune-material interactions. Finally, an outlook is given of how future biomaterial-based mucosal cancer vaccines will be shaped by new discoveries in mucosal vaccinology, tumor immunology, immuno-therapeutic screens, and material-immune system interplay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiran Ferber
- Department of Medicine, Engineering in Medicine Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02139, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Rodrigo J Gonzalez
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Alexander M Cryer
- Department of Medicine, Engineering in Medicine Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02139, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Ulrich H von Andrian
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- The Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard, Boston, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Natalie Artzi
- Department of Medicine, Engineering in Medicine Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02139, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Zhang T, Du E, Liu Y, Cheng J, Zhang Z, Xu Y, Qi S, Chen Y. Anticancer Effects of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Through Altering the Methylation Status of Histone on Bladder Cancer Cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:1457-1468. [PMID: 32184598 PMCID: PMC7062395 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s228839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Zinc oxide nanoparticles (nZnO) have been widely used in the medicine field. Numerous mechanistic studies for nZnO’s anticancer effects are merely performed under high concentration exposure. However, possible anticancer mechanisms of epigenetic dysregulation induced by low doses of nZnO are unclear. Methods nZnO were characterized and bladder cancer T24 cells were treated with nZnO for 48 hrs at different exposure concentrations. Cell cycle, apoptosis, cell migration and invasion were determined. We performed qRT-PCR, Western blot and chromatin immunoprecipitation to detect the mRNA and protein levels of signaling pathway cascades for histone modification. Results In this study, we investigated the potential anticancer effects and mechanisms of nZnO on histone modifications in bladder cancer T24 cells upon low-dose exposure. Our findings showed that low concentrations of nZnO resulted in cell cycle arrest at S phase, facilitated cellular late apoptosis, repressed cell invasion and migration after 48 hrs exposure. These anticancer effects could be attributed to increased RUNX3 levels resulting from reduced H3K27me3 occupancy on the RUNX3 promoter, as well as decreased contents of histone methyltransferase EZH2 and the trimethylation of histone H3K27. Our findings reveal that nZnO are able to enter into the cytoplasm and nucleus of T24 cells. Additionally, both particles and ions from nZnO may jointly contribute to the alteration of histone methylation. Moreover, sublethal nZnO-conducted anticancer effects and epigenetic mechanisms were not associated with oxidative stress or DNA damage. Conclusion We reveal a novel epigenetic mechanism for anticancer effects of nZnO in bladder cancer cells under low-dose exposure. This study will provide experimental basis for the toxicology and cancer therapy of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianke Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin 300211, People's Republic of China.,Department of Anorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin 300121, People's Republic of China
| | - E Du
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin 300211, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin 300211, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Cheng
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin 300121, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin 300211, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin 300211, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyong Qi
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin 300211, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin 300211, People's Republic of China
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Alshweiat A, Ambrus R, Csoka II. Intranasal Nanoparticulate Systems as Alternative Route of Drug Delivery. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:6459-6492. [PMID: 31453778 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190827151741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
There is always a need for alternative and efficient methods of drug delivery. The nasal cavity can be considered as a non-invasive and efficient route of administration. It has been used for local, systemic, brain targeting, and vaccination delivery. Although many intranasal products are currently available on the market, the majority is used for local delivery with fewer products available for the other targets. As nanotechnology utilization in drug delivery has rapidly spread out, the nasal delivery has become attractive as a promising approach. Nanoparticulate systems facilitate drug transportation across the mucosal barrier, protect the drug from nasal enzyme degradation, enhance the delivery of vaccines to the lymphoid tissue of the nasal cavity with an adjuvant activity, and offer a way for peptide delivery into the brain and the systemic circulation, in addition to their potential for brain tumor treatment. This review article aims at discussing the potential benefit of the intranasal nanoparticulate systems, including nanosuspensions, lipid and surfactant, and polymer-based nanoparticles as regards productive intranasal delivery. The aim of this review is to focus on the topicalities of nanotechnology applications for intranasal delivery of local, systemic, brain, and vaccination purposes during the last decade, referring to the factors affecting delivery, regulatory aspects, and patient expectations. This review further identifies the benefits of applying the Quality by Design approaches (QbD) in product development. According to the reported studies on nanotechnology-based intranasal delivery, potential attention has been focused on brain targeting and vaccine delivery with promising outcomes. Despite the significant research effort in this field, nanoparticle-based products for intranasal delivery are not available. Thus, further efforts are required to promote the introduction of intranasal nanoparticulate products that can meet the requirements of regulatory affairs with high patient acceptance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areen Alshweiat
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Rita Ambrus
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - IIdikó Csoka
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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Gao M, Sun Y, Kou Y, Shen X, Huo Y, Liu C, Sun Z, Zhang X, Mao S. Effect of Glyceryl Monocaprylate-Modified Chitosan on the Intranasal Absorption of Insulin in Rats. J Pharm Sci 2019; 108:3623-3629. [PMID: 31356762 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Nasal administration of insulin showed the attractive potential to improve the compliance of diabetic patients and alleviate mild cognitive impairment of Alzheimer's patients. However, the nasal absorption of insulin was not ideal, limiting its therapeutic effect in clinic. This study was to explore the potential of glyceryl monocaprylate-modified chitosan (CS-GMC) on the intranasal absorption of insulin via in vivo pharmacodynamic experiment in conscious rats. It was demonstrated that the absorption-enhancing effect of CS-GMC depended on the existing state of insulin in the formulation, substitution degree of GMC on chitosan and concentration of CS-GMC. Better insulin absorption was achieved when insulin existed in molecular form compared with that in polyelectrolyte complexes. CS-GMC with substitution degree 12% (CS-GMC 12%) was a preferred absorption enhancer, and its absorption enhancing effect increased linearly with the increment of its concentration in the range investigated. Compared with chitosan of the same concentration, CS-GMC12% showed remarkably enhanced and prolonged therapeutic effect up to at least 5 h under the concentration of 0.6% (w/v). CS-GMC12% showed almost no ciliotoxicity to the nasal cilia up to concentration 1.0% (w/v). In conclusion, CS-GMC was a promising absorption enhancer to improve the intranasal absorption of insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yongqiang Kou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xin Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yingnan Huo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zheng Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shirui Mao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China.
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Kim M, Jeong J, Kim H, Choi J. High-throughput COPAS assay for screening of developmental and reproductive toxicity of nanoparticles using the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. J Appl Toxicol 2019; 39:1470-1479. [PMID: 31287177 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
With the rapid advancement and numerous applications of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) in science and technology, their effects on animal health, environment and safety should be considered carefully. However, quick assessment of their effects on developmental and reproductive health and an understanding of how they cause such adverse toxic effects remain challenging, because of the fast-growing number of ENMs and the limitations of the different toxicity assays currently in use as well as lack of suitable animal model systems. In this study, we performed a high-throughput complex object parametric analyzer and sorter (COPAS) assay for assessing the developmental and reproductive toxicity of ENMs using Caenorhabditis elegans and provide descriptions of the data and their subsequent analysis. The results showed significant reproductive and developmental toxicity potential of different ENMs. We assessed the usefulness of this method in terms of error-free data, user-friendliness and results being consistent with those of visual, molecular and cellular studies. Moreover, the COPAS Biosort system could be used on a larger scale to screen thousands of chemicals, drugs, pharmaceuticals and ENMs. This study also indicates that the COPAS-based high-throughput screening system is highly reliable for the assessment of toxicity and health risks of NMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- MinA Kim
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jaeseong Jeong
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Heejin Kim
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jinhee Choi
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea
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24
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Neurotoxicity of ZnO nanoparticles and associated motor function deficits in mice. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-019-01093-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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25
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Rautiola D, Maglalang PD, Cheryala N, Nelson KM, Georg GI, Fine JM, Svitak AL, Faltesek KA, Hanson LR, Mishra U, Coles LD, Cloyd JC, Siegel RA. Intranasal Coadministration of a Diazepam Prodrug with a Converting Enzyme Results in Rapid Absorption of Diazepam in Rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2019; 370:796-805. [PMID: 30837282 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.118.255943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Intranasal administration is an attractive route for systemic delivery of small, lipophilic drugs because they are rapidly absorbed through the nasal mucosa into systemic circulation. However, the low solubility of lipophilic drugs often precludes aqueous nasal spray formulations. A unique approach to circumvent solubility issues involves coadministration of a hydrophilic prodrug with an exogenous converting enzyme. This strategy not only addresses poor solubility but also leads to an increase in the chemical activity gradient driving drug absorption. Herein, we report plasma and brain concentrations in rats following coadministration of a hydrophilic diazepam prodrug, avizafone, with the converting enzyme human aminopeptidase B Single doses of avizafone equivalent to diazepam at 0.500, 1.00, and 1.50 mg/kg were administered intranasally, resulting in 77.8% ± 6.0%, 112% ± 10%, and 114% ± 7% bioavailability; maximum plasma concentrations 71.5 ± 9.3, 388 ± 31, and 355 ± 187 ng/ml; and times to peak plasma concentration 5, 8, and 5 minutes for each dose level, respectively. Both diazepam and a transient intermediate were absorbed. Enzyme kinetics incorporated into a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model enabled estimation of the first-order absorption rate constants: 0.0689 ± 0.0080 minutes-1 for diazepam and 0.122 ± 0.022 minutes-1 for the intermediate. Our results demonstrate that diazepam, which is practically insoluble, can be delivered intranasally with rapid and complete absorption by coadministering avizafone with aminopeptidase B. Furthermore, even faster rates of absorption might be attained simply by increasing the enzyme concentration, potentially supplanting intravenous diazepam or lorazepam or intramuscular midazolam in the treatment of seizure emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davin Rautiola
- Departments of Pharmaceutics (D.R., R.A.S.), Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology (J.C.C.), Medicinal Chemistry (N.C., K.M.N., G.I.G.), and Biomedical Engineering (R.A.S.), Center for Orphan Drug Research (P.D.M., U.M., L.D.C., J.C.C.), and Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development (N.C., K.M.N., G.I.G.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; and Neuroscience Research, HealthPartners Institute, St. Paul, Minnesota (J.M.F., A.L.S., K.A.F., L.R.H.)
| | - Patricia D Maglalang
- Departments of Pharmaceutics (D.R., R.A.S.), Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology (J.C.C.), Medicinal Chemistry (N.C., K.M.N., G.I.G.), and Biomedical Engineering (R.A.S.), Center for Orphan Drug Research (P.D.M., U.M., L.D.C., J.C.C.), and Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development (N.C., K.M.N., G.I.G.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; and Neuroscience Research, HealthPartners Institute, St. Paul, Minnesota (J.M.F., A.L.S., K.A.F., L.R.H.)
| | - Narsihmulu Cheryala
- Departments of Pharmaceutics (D.R., R.A.S.), Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology (J.C.C.), Medicinal Chemistry (N.C., K.M.N., G.I.G.), and Biomedical Engineering (R.A.S.), Center for Orphan Drug Research (P.D.M., U.M., L.D.C., J.C.C.), and Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development (N.C., K.M.N., G.I.G.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; and Neuroscience Research, HealthPartners Institute, St. Paul, Minnesota (J.M.F., A.L.S., K.A.F., L.R.H.)
| | - Kathryn M Nelson
- Departments of Pharmaceutics (D.R., R.A.S.), Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology (J.C.C.), Medicinal Chemistry (N.C., K.M.N., G.I.G.), and Biomedical Engineering (R.A.S.), Center for Orphan Drug Research (P.D.M., U.M., L.D.C., J.C.C.), and Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development (N.C., K.M.N., G.I.G.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; and Neuroscience Research, HealthPartners Institute, St. Paul, Minnesota (J.M.F., A.L.S., K.A.F., L.R.H.)
| | - Gunda I Georg
- Departments of Pharmaceutics (D.R., R.A.S.), Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology (J.C.C.), Medicinal Chemistry (N.C., K.M.N., G.I.G.), and Biomedical Engineering (R.A.S.), Center for Orphan Drug Research (P.D.M., U.M., L.D.C., J.C.C.), and Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development (N.C., K.M.N., G.I.G.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; and Neuroscience Research, HealthPartners Institute, St. Paul, Minnesota (J.M.F., A.L.S., K.A.F., L.R.H.)
| | - Jared M Fine
- Departments of Pharmaceutics (D.R., R.A.S.), Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology (J.C.C.), Medicinal Chemistry (N.C., K.M.N., G.I.G.), and Biomedical Engineering (R.A.S.), Center for Orphan Drug Research (P.D.M., U.M., L.D.C., J.C.C.), and Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development (N.C., K.M.N., G.I.G.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; and Neuroscience Research, HealthPartners Institute, St. Paul, Minnesota (J.M.F., A.L.S., K.A.F., L.R.H.)
| | - Aleta L Svitak
- Departments of Pharmaceutics (D.R., R.A.S.), Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology (J.C.C.), Medicinal Chemistry (N.C., K.M.N., G.I.G.), and Biomedical Engineering (R.A.S.), Center for Orphan Drug Research (P.D.M., U.M., L.D.C., J.C.C.), and Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development (N.C., K.M.N., G.I.G.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; and Neuroscience Research, HealthPartners Institute, St. Paul, Minnesota (J.M.F., A.L.S., K.A.F., L.R.H.)
| | - Katherine A Faltesek
- Departments of Pharmaceutics (D.R., R.A.S.), Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology (J.C.C.), Medicinal Chemistry (N.C., K.M.N., G.I.G.), and Biomedical Engineering (R.A.S.), Center for Orphan Drug Research (P.D.M., U.M., L.D.C., J.C.C.), and Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development (N.C., K.M.N., G.I.G.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; and Neuroscience Research, HealthPartners Institute, St. Paul, Minnesota (J.M.F., A.L.S., K.A.F., L.R.H.)
| | - Leah R Hanson
- Departments of Pharmaceutics (D.R., R.A.S.), Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology (J.C.C.), Medicinal Chemistry (N.C., K.M.N., G.I.G.), and Biomedical Engineering (R.A.S.), Center for Orphan Drug Research (P.D.M., U.M., L.D.C., J.C.C.), and Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development (N.C., K.M.N., G.I.G.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; and Neuroscience Research, HealthPartners Institute, St. Paul, Minnesota (J.M.F., A.L.S., K.A.F., L.R.H.)
| | - Usha Mishra
- Departments of Pharmaceutics (D.R., R.A.S.), Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology (J.C.C.), Medicinal Chemistry (N.C., K.M.N., G.I.G.), and Biomedical Engineering (R.A.S.), Center for Orphan Drug Research (P.D.M., U.M., L.D.C., J.C.C.), and Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development (N.C., K.M.N., G.I.G.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; and Neuroscience Research, HealthPartners Institute, St. Paul, Minnesota (J.M.F., A.L.S., K.A.F., L.R.H.)
| | - Lisa D Coles
- Departments of Pharmaceutics (D.R., R.A.S.), Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology (J.C.C.), Medicinal Chemistry (N.C., K.M.N., G.I.G.), and Biomedical Engineering (R.A.S.), Center for Orphan Drug Research (P.D.M., U.M., L.D.C., J.C.C.), and Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development (N.C., K.M.N., G.I.G.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; and Neuroscience Research, HealthPartners Institute, St. Paul, Minnesota (J.M.F., A.L.S., K.A.F., L.R.H.)
| | - James C Cloyd
- Departments of Pharmaceutics (D.R., R.A.S.), Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology (J.C.C.), Medicinal Chemistry (N.C., K.M.N., G.I.G.), and Biomedical Engineering (R.A.S.), Center for Orphan Drug Research (P.D.M., U.M., L.D.C., J.C.C.), and Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development (N.C., K.M.N., G.I.G.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; and Neuroscience Research, HealthPartners Institute, St. Paul, Minnesota (J.M.F., A.L.S., K.A.F., L.R.H.)
| | - Ronald A Siegel
- Departments of Pharmaceutics (D.R., R.A.S.), Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology (J.C.C.), Medicinal Chemistry (N.C., K.M.N., G.I.G.), and Biomedical Engineering (R.A.S.), Center for Orphan Drug Research (P.D.M., U.M., L.D.C., J.C.C.), and Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development (N.C., K.M.N., G.I.G.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; and Neuroscience Research, HealthPartners Institute, St. Paul, Minnesota (J.M.F., A.L.S., K.A.F., L.R.H.)
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26
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Atalay H, Çeli̇k A, Ayaz F. Investigation of genotoxic and apoptotic effects of zirconium oxide nanoparticles (20 nm) on L929 mouse fibroblast cell line. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 296:98-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Yoshino N, Takeshita R, Kawamura H, Murakami K, Sasaki Y, Sugiyama I, Sadzuka Y, Kagabu M, Sugiyama T, Muraki Y, Sato S. Critical micelle concentration and particle size determine adjuvanticity of cyclic lipopeptides. Scand J Immunol 2018; 88:e12698. [PMID: 29935085 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic lipopeptides such as surfactin and polymyxin have potent mucosal adjuvant properties. Cyclic lipopeptides are tensioactive compounds, but the relationship between adjuvanticity and surface activity is unknown. Here, we show that the critical micelle concentration (cmc) of surfactant and particle size of the surfactant-protein complex are important determinants of cyclic lipopeptide adjuvanticity. We found that the diameter of cyclic lipopeptide-ovalbumin (OVA) complex particles was significantly larger than that in the solutions of OVA alone at cyclic lipopeptide concentrations above the cmc. OVA-specific antibody titres in mice immunized intranasally with OVA and a cyclic lipopeptide at concentrations above its cmc were significantly higher than those in mice immunized with OVA plus the same dose of the cyclic lipopeptide but administered with formulations in which cyclic lipopeptide concentration was below the cmc. Thus, the concentration of the cyclic lipopeptide in the formulation at immunization, but not its overall dose, was critical for its adjuvanticity. Furthermore, two types of aggregates, the cyclic lipopeptide simplex micelles and the cyclic lipopeptide-OVA complex micelles, were found in formulations with SF concentrations above its cmc. Degranulation of mast cells exposed to SF simplex micelles was more pronounced when SF concentration was above the cmc. In conclusion, our study showed that surface activity properties, such as the cmc and the size of surfactant-protein complex, contribute to the adjuvanticity of cyclic lipopeptides. Our study proposes a novel idea that cmc is a key parameter for tensioactive adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Yoshino
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba-cho, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Takeshita
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Hanae Kawamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Murakami
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Yutaka Sasaki
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba-cho, Japan
| | - Ikumi Sugiyama
- Department of Advanced Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba-cho, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Sadzuka
- Department of Advanced Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba-cho, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kagabu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Toru Sugiyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Yasushi Muraki
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba-cho, Japan
| | - Shigehiro Sato
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba-cho, Japan
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Khan FA, Almohazey D, Alomari M, Almofty SA. Impact of nanoparticles on neuron biology: current research trends. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:2767-2776. [PMID: 29780247 PMCID: PMC5951135 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s165675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles have enormous applications in textiles, cosmetics, electronics, and pharmaceuticals. But due to their exceptional physical and chemical properties, particularly antimicrobial, anticancer, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory properties, nanoparticles have many potential applications in diagnosis as well as in the treatment of various diseases. Over the past few years, nanoparticles have been extensively used to investigate their response on the neuronal cells. These nanoparticles cause stem cells to differentiate into neuronal cells and promote neuronal cell survivability and neuronal cell growth and expansion. The nanoparticles have been tested both in in vitro and in vivo models. The nanoparticles with various shapes, sizes, and chemical compositions mostly produced stimulatory effects on neuronal cells, but there are few that can cause inhibitory effects on the neuronal cells. In this review, we discuss stimulatory and inhibitory effects of various nanoparticles on the neuronal cells. The aim of this review was to summarize different effects of nanoparticles on the neuronal cells and try to understand the differential response of various nanoparticles. This review provides a bird's eye view approach on the effects of various nanoparticles on neuronal differentiation, neuronal survivability, neuronal growth, neuronal cell adhesion, and functional and behavioral recovery. Finally, this review helps the researchers to understand the different roles of nanoparticles (stimulatory and inhibitory) in neuronal cells to develop effective therapeutic and diagnostic strategies for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firdos Alam Khan
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Dana Almohazey
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Munthar Alomari
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah Ameen Almofty
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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29
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Kaplan M, Tuğcu-Demiröz F, Vural İ, Çelebi N. Development and characterization of gels and liposomes containing ovalbumin for nasal delivery. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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30
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Liu Y, Shen C, Zhang X, Yu H, Wang F, Wang Y, Zhang LW. Exposure and nephrotoxicity concern of bismuth with the occurrence of autophagy. Toxicol Ind Health 2018; 34:188-199. [PMID: 29506455 DOI: 10.1177/0748233717746810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Metal nanoparticles or metal-based compounds have drawn attention in various fields ranging from industry to medicine because of their unique physicochemical properties. Bismuth (Bi) compounds and nanomaterials have been commonly used in alloys, electronic industry, batteries, and as flame retardants as well as for anti- Helicobacter pylori therapy, while the nanomaterial form has great potential for computed tomography imaging and thermotherapy, both of which will be introduced in this review. Although Bi was used for several decades, there is a lack of detailed information concerning their toxicity and mechanisms on human health. We described the toxicity of Bi on the kidney that seemed to be relatively known by researchers, while the mechanisms remain unclear. Recently, our group has found that Bi compounds, including bismuth nitrate (BN) and Bi nanomaterials, can induce autophagy in kidney cells. We also extended our findings by selecting five Bi compounds, and the results showed that BN, bismuth oxychloride, bismuth citrate, colloidal bismuth subcitrate, and Bi nanomaterials all induced slight cytotoxicity accompanied with autophagy. Although the role of autophagy in Bi-induced cytotoxicity and kidney injury is under investigation by us, autophagy may help with the exploration of the mechanisms of nephrotoxicity by Bi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongming Liu
- 1 School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen Shen
- 2 Department of Oncology, No.100 Hospital of PLA, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xihui Zhang
- 1 School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huan Yu
- 1 School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fujun Wang
- 3 Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yangyun Wang
- 1 School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Leshuai W Zhang
- 1 School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Fusi F, Sgaragli G, Valoti M. Gold nanoparticles potentiate Ca V channel currents in rat tail artery myocytes. Toxicol In Vitro 2017; 47:89-93. [PMID: 29158021 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to unveil effects of 5-nm sized, polyvinylpyrrolidone-coated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on vascular CaV1.2 and CaV3.1 channels. Ba2+ currents through both channels (IBa1.2 and IBa3.1) were recorded in single myocytes isolated from the rat tail main artery by means of the whole-cell patch-clamp method. AuNPs increased IBa1.2 and IBa3.1 amplitude in a concentration- and Vh-dependent manner. Neither the voltage dependence of inactivation and activation curves nor inactivation and activation kinetics were affected by AuNPs. In conclusion, these findings warrant further investigation to clarify whether different types of NPs possess the same stimulatory activity and may represent a toxic hazard to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Fusi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Siena, via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Giampietro Sgaragli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Siena, via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Massimo Valoti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Siena, via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy.
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Król A, Pomastowski P, Rafińska K, Railean-Plugaru V, Buszewski B. Zinc oxide nanoparticles: Synthesis, antiseptic activity and toxicity mechanism. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 249:37-52. [PMID: 28923702 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2017.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Zinc oxide (ZnO), as a material with attractive properties, has attracted great interest worldwide, particularly owing to the implementation of the synthesis of nano-sized particles. High luminescent efficiency, a wide band gap (3.36eV), and a large exciton binding energy (60meV) has triggered intense research on the production of nanoparticles using different synthesis methods and on their future applications. ZnO nanomaterials can be used in industry as nano-optical and nano-electrical devices, in food packaging and in medicine as antimicrobial and antitumor agents. The increasing focus on nano zinc oxide resulted in the invention and development of methods of nanoparticles synthesis. Recently, various approaches including physical, chemical and biological ("green chemistry") have been used to prepare ZnO nanocomposites with different morphologies. The obtained nanoparticles can be characterized with a broad range of analytical methods including dynamic light scattering (DLS), electron microscopy (TEM, SEM), UV-VIS spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) or inductively coupled plasma with mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). With these it is possible to obtain information concerning the size, shape and optical properties of nanoparticles. ZnO NPs exhibit attractive antimicrobial properties against bacteria (Gram-positive and Gram-negative) and fungi. Zinc oxide nanocomposites show also selective toxicity toward normal and cancerous cells, which is explained by reactive oxygen formation (ROS). Yet despite the potentially interesting antitumor activity of ZnO nanoparticles, it has been proven that they can be also cytotoxic and genotoxic for multiple types of human cells (i.e. neuronal or epithelial cells). This paper reviews the methods of synthesizing zinc oxide nanocomposites as well as their characteristics, antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity against normal and tumor cells.
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Sojka B, Kociołek D, Banski M, Borisova T, Pozdnyakova N, Pastukhov A, Borysov A, Dudarenko M, Podhorodecki A. Effects of surface functionalization of hydrophilic NaYF 4 nanocrystals doped with Eu 3+ on glutamate and GABA transport in brain synaptosomes. JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH : AN INTERDISCIPLINARY FORUM FOR NANOSCALE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2017; 19:275. [PMID: 28824289 PMCID: PMC5543196 DOI: 10.1007/s11051-017-3958-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Specific rare earth doped nanocrystals (NCs), a recent class of nanoparticles with fluorescent features, have great bioanalytical potential. Neuroactive properties of NaYF4 nanocrystals doped with Eu3+ were assessed based on the analysis of their effects on glutamate- and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transport process in nerve terminals isolated from rat brain (synaptosomes). Two types of hydrophilic NCs were examined in this work: (i) coated by polyethylene glycol (PEG) and (ii) with OH groups at the surface. It was found that NaYF4:Eu3+-PEG and NaYF4:Eu3+-OH within the concentration range of 0.5-3.5 and 0.5-1.5 mg/ml, respectively, did not influence Na+-dependent transporter-dependent l-[14C]glutamate and [3H]GABA uptake and the ambient level of the neurotransmitters in the synaptosomes. An increase in NaYF4:Eu3+-PEG and NaYF4:Eu3+-OH concentrations up to 7.5 and 3.5 mg/ml, respectively, led to the (1) attenuation of the initial velocity of uptake of l-[14C]glutamate and [3H]GABA and (2) elevation of ambient neurotransmitters in the suspension of nerve terminals. In the mentioned concentrations, nanocrystals did not influence acidification of synaptic vesicles that was shown with pH-sensitive fluorescent dye acridine orange, however, decreased the potential of the plasma membrane of synaptosomes. In comparison with other nanoparticles studied with similar methodological approach, NCs start to exhibit their effects on neurotransmitter transport at concentrations several times higher than those shown for carbon dots, detonation nanodiamonds and an iron storage protein ferritin, whose activity can be registered at 0.08, 0.5 and 0.08 mg/ml, respectively. Therefore, NCs can be considered lesser neurotoxic as compared to above nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartlomiej Sojka
- Department of Experimental Physics, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Daria Kociołek
- Department of Experimental Physics, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Banski
- Department of Experimental Physics, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Tatiana Borisova
- Department of Neurochemistry, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, NAS of Ukraine, 9 Leontovicha str, Kiev, 01601 Ukraine
| | - Natalia Pozdnyakova
- Department of Neurochemistry, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, NAS of Ukraine, 9 Leontovicha str, Kiev, 01601 Ukraine
| | - Artem Pastukhov
- Department of Neurochemistry, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, NAS of Ukraine, 9 Leontovicha str, Kiev, 01601 Ukraine
| | - Arsenii Borysov
- Department of Neurochemistry, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, NAS of Ukraine, 9 Leontovicha str, Kiev, 01601 Ukraine
| | - Marina Dudarenko
- Department of Neurochemistry, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, NAS of Ukraine, 9 Leontovicha str, Kiev, 01601 Ukraine
| | - Artur Podhorodecki
- Department of Experimental Physics, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
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Abudayyak M, Altinçekiç Gürkaynak T, Özhan G. In Vitro Evaluation of the Toxicity of Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles in Kidney Cell. Turk J Pharm Sci 2017; 14:169-173. [PMID: 32454609 DOI: 10.4274/tjps.99609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The remarkable properties of hard magnetic cobalt ferrite nanoparticles (CoFe2O4-NPs) and their physicochemical stability lead to various applications in different industrial and medical fields. Although CoFe2O4-NPs have been reported to cause toxic effects, there is a serious lack of information concerning their effects on the kidneys. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the toxic effects of CoFe2O4-NPs on NRK-52E kidney cells. Materials and Methods The particle characterisation and cellular uptake were determined using transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Then, the cytotoxicity was evaluated by MTT and neutral red uptake assays, the genotoxicity by comet assay, and the apoptotic potentials by Annexin V-FITC apoptosis detection assay with propidium iodide. Results After 24 h exposure to CoFe2O4-NPs (39±17 nm), it was observed they did not affect the cell viability at concentration ranging from 100 to 1000 µg/mL, but significantly induced DNA damage at concentration ≤100 µg/mL. No apoptotic or necrotic effect was observed in the exposed cells. Conclusion According to the results obtained, CoFe2O4-NPs are promising for safe use in various applications. However, further in vivo studies are needed to fully understand their mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Abudayyak
- İstanbul University, Faculty Of Pharmacy, Department Of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, İstanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Gül Özhan
- İstanbul University, Faculty Of Pharmacy, Department Of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, İstanbul, Turkey
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Kanazawa T, Kaneko M, Niide T, Akiyama F, Kakizaki S, Ibaraki H, Shiraishi S, Takashima Y, Suzuki T, Seta Y. Enhancement of nose-to-brain delivery of hydrophilic macromolecules with stearate- or polyethylene glycol-modified arginine-rich peptide. Int J Pharm 2017; 530:195-200. [PMID: 28757255 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.07.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recently, nose-to-brain delivery is a highly versatile route, which, in combination with novel drugs being developed for treating intractable CNS diseases, is a promising approach for the treatment of disorders. Furthermore, nano-sized drug carriers may improve nose-to-brain drug delivery by their capability to increase the transmucosal penetration of the drugs across nasal mucosal tissue barrier. However, there is still not enough information regarding mechanism of absorption pathway from nasal cavity to brain using nanocarriers. In this study, to investigate the nose-to-brain transport pathway using nanocarriers, the distribution in whole brain, nasal mucosa, and trigeminal nerve after intranasal administration of two kinds of nanocarriers which have hydrophobic or hydrophilic moiety. We used CHHRRRRHHC peptide (CH2R4H2C) as basic peptide carriers, and modified with stearic acid (STR) as a hydrophobic moiety (STR-CH2R4H2C) or polyethylene glycol (PEG)-based block copolymer (PEG-PCL) as hydrophilic moiety (PEG-PCL-CH2R4H2C). The nose-to-brain drug delivery can be improved by using STR-CH2R4H2C and PEG-PCL-CH2R4H2C as carriers. Specifically, hydrophobic STR-CH2R4H2C is more suitable for the transport of drugs targeting the forebrain, while PEG-PCL-modified CH2R4H2C is more suitable for transporting drugs targeting the hindbrain or whole brain tissue. In conclusion, the results of this study support the possibility that drug delivery pathways can be controlled depending on the properties of different carrier complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Kanazawa
- School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan; School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1, Narashinodai, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8555, Japan.
| | - Mami Kaneko
- School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Takaki Niide
- School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Fuminari Akiyama
- School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Shino Kakizaki
- School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Hisako Ibaraki
- School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Shiraishi
- School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Yuuki Takashima
- School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Toyofumi Suzuki
- School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1, Narashinodai, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8555, Japan
| | - Yasuo Seta
- School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
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Naghizadeh S, Hassanzadeh Nemati N, Hassani Najafabadi A, Niknejad H, Khani MM. Controlled release of fluorouracil (5-FU) from chitosan-co-poly(ethylene glycol)/ poly(glycerol sebacate)-co-poly(ethylene glycol)-coated iron oxide. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2017.1320657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shayan Naghizadeh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nahid Hassanzadeh Nemati
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Hassani Najafabadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Bio Interfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Hassan Niknejad
- Medical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Mehdi Khani
- Medical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Katare YK, Piazza JE, Bhandari J, Daya RP, Akilan K, Simpson MJ, Hoare T, Mishra RK. Intranasal delivery of antipsychotic drugs. Schizophr Res 2017; 184:2-13. [PMID: 27913162 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2016.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Antipsychotic drugs are used to treat psychotic disorders that afflict millions globally and cause tremendous emotional, economic and healthcare burdens. However, the potential of intranasal delivery to improve brain-specific targeting remains unrealized. In this article, we review the mechanisms and methods used for brain targeting via the intranasal (IN) route as well as the potential advantages of improving this type of delivery. We extensively review experimental studies relevant to intranasal delivery of therapeutic agents for the treatment of psychosis and mental illnesses. We also review clinical studies in which intranasal delivery of peptides, like oxytocin (7 studies) and desmopressin (1), were used as an adjuvant to antipsychotic treatment with promising results. Experimental animal studies (17) investigating intranasal delivery of mainstream antipsychotic drugs have revealed successful targeting to the brain as suggested by pharmacokinetic parameters and behavioral effects. To improve delivery to the brain, nanotechnology-based carriers like nanoparticles and nanoemulsions have been used in several studies. However, human studies assessing intranasal delivery of mainstream antipsychotic drugs are lacking, and the potential toxicity of nanoformulations used in animal studies has not been explored. A brief discussion of future directions anticipates that if limitations of low aqueous solubility of antipsychotic drugs can be overcome and non-toxic formulations used, IN delivery (particularly targeting specific tissues within the brain) will gain more importance moving forward given the inherent benefits of IN delivery in comparison to other methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh K Katare
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Justin E Piazza
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jayant Bhandari
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Ritesh P Daya
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Kosalan Akilan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Madeline J Simpson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Todd Hoare
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Ram K Mishra
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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Abudayyak M, Öztaş E, Arici M, Özhan G. Investigation of the toxicity of bismuth oxide nanoparticles in various cell lines. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 169:117-123. [PMID: 27870932 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles have been drawn attention in various fields ranging from medicine to industry because of their physicochemical properties and functions, which lead to extensive human exposure to nanoparticles. Bismuth (Bi)-based compounds have been commonly used in the industrial, cosmetic and medical applications. Although the toxicity of Bi-based compounds was studied for years, there is a serious lack of information concerning their toxicity and effects in the nanoscale on human health and environment. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the toxic effects of Bi (III) oxide (Bi2O3) nanoparticles in liver (HepG2 hepatocarcinoma cell), kidney (NRK-52E kidney epithelial cell), intestine (Caco-2 colorectal adenocarcinoma cell), and lung (A549 lung carcinoma cell) cell cultures. Bi2O3 nanoparticles (∼149.1 nm) were easily taken by all cells and showed cyto- and genotoxic effects. It was observed that the main cell death pathways were apoptosis in HepG2 and NRK-52E cells and necrosis in A549 and Caco-2 cells exposed to Bi2O3 nanoparticles. Also, the glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and 8-hydroxy deoxyguanine (8-OHdG) levels were significantly changed in HepG2, NRK-52E, and Caco-2 cells, except A549 cell. The present study is the first to evaluate the toxicity of Bi2O3 nanoparticles in mammalian cells. Bi2O3 nanoparticles should be thoroughly assessed for their potential hazardous effects to human health and the results should be supported with in vivo studies to fully understand the mechanism of their toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Abudayyak
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Beyazit, 34116, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ezgi Öztaş
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Beyazit, 34116, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Merve Arici
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Beyazit, 34116, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gül Özhan
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Beyazit, 34116, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Abudayyak M, Altincekic Gurkaynak T, Özhan G. In Vitro Toxicological Assessment of Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles in Several Mammalian Cell Types. Biol Trace Elem Res 2017; 175:458-465. [PMID: 27411927 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0803-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles have been widely used in various fields due to the superior physicochemical properties and functions. As a result, human exposure to nanoparticles increases dramatically. Previous researches have shown that nanoparticles could travel through the respiratory, digestive system, or skin into the blood and then to the secondary organs such as the brain, heart, and liver. Besides, the nanoparticle toxicity is controversial and dependent on the sensitivity of the cell type, route of exposure, and condition, as well as their characteristics. Similarly, cobalt ferrite nanoparticles (CoFe2O4-NPs) have been used in different industrial fields, and have also various application possibilities in medical and biomedical fields. CoFe2O4-NPs induce toxic responses in various organisms such as human, mice, and algae. However, there is a serious deficit of information concerning their effects on human health and the environment. We aimed to investigate the toxic effects of CoFe2O4-NPs on liver (HepG2), colon (Caco-2), lung (A549), and neuron (SH-SY5Y) cells, which reflect different exposure routes in vitro, by using various toxicological endpoints. The cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, oxidative damage, and apoptosis induction of CoFe2O4-NPs (39 ± 17 nm) were evaluated. After 24 h, the nanoparticles decreased cell viability at ≤100 μg/mL, while increasing viability at >100 μg/mL. CoFe2O4-NPs induced DNA and oxidative damage with increased malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-hydroxy deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels and decreased glutathione (GSH) levels with no change in protein carbonyl (PC) levels. CoFe2O4-NPs had apoptotic effect in HepG2 and Caco-2 cells in a concentration-dependent manner and necrotic effects on SH-SY5Y and A549 cells. Consequently, the adverse effects of CoFe2O4-NPs should raise concern about their safety in consumer products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Abudayyak
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Istanbul University, Beyazıt, 34116, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tuba Altincekic Gurkaynak
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Istanbul University, Avcilar, 34850, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gül Özhan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Istanbul University, Beyazıt, 34116, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Probed adhesion force of living lung cells with a tip-modified atomic force microscope. Biointerphases 2016; 11:04B311. [PMID: 27998155 DOI: 10.1116/1.4972242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix play an important role in bio-microenvironment activities. Herein, atomic force microscope (AFM) was used to measure the interaction between Au and Ag nanoparticle (NP) clusters on the surface of human fetal lung cells. Using (3-mercapto-propyl) triethoxysilane (MPTMS), NP clusters were grafted onto the apex of AFM tip, and then, the adhesion force between the tip and the cell was analyzed. The measured adhesion force increased from 92 pN for AFM tip to 332 pN for that modified with MPTMS. The increase is most probably contributed by the nonspecific interactions between the apex of the modified AFM tip and the surface of the cells. The adhesion forces between the surface of NPs clusters grafted AFM tip and that of lung cells were dramatically reduced as NPs clusters were replaced by MPTMS. For the former, as the Au NPs cluster was applied, the adhesion force reached to 122 pN, whereas it significantly augmented with the addition of the cluster's size and dimension on the AFM tip. For the case of Ag cluster grafted on AFM tip, its adhesion force with the surface of the cells significantly lowered and reduced to 56 pN. Presumably, the electrostatic or van der Waals force between the two surfaces results in the variation of measurements. It is also very likely that the cell-surface interactions are probably varied by the nature of the contact surfaces, like the force-distance of attraction. The result is significant for understanding the the nature of the interactions between the surface of NPs and the membrane of lung cells.
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Abstract
Matters when converted into nanosize provide some unique surface properties, which are different from those of the bulk materials. Nanomaterials show some extraordinary behavioral patterns because of those properties, such as supermagnetism, quantum confinement, etc. A great deal of implication of nanomaterials in nanomedicine has already been realized. Utility of nanomaterials as drug nanocarrier projects many potential advantages of them in drug delivery. Despite many such advantages, the potential risk of health and environmental hazards related to them cannot be ignored. Here various physicochemical factors, such as chemical nature, degradability, surface properties, surface charge, particle size, and shape, have been shown to play a crucial role in toxicity related to drug nanocarriers. Evidence-based findings of some drug nanocarriers have been incorporated to provide distinct knowledge to the readers in the field. A glimpse of current regulatory controls and measures required to combat the challenges of toxicological aspects of drug nanocarriers have been described.
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Mahmoud A, Ezgi Ö, Merve A, Özhan G. In Vitro Toxicological Assessment of Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticle Exposure in Several Mammalian Cell Types. Int J Toxicol 2016; 35:429-437. [DOI: 10.1177/1091581816648624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide researchers have rising concerns about magnesium-based materials, especially magnesium oxide (MgO) nanaoparticles, due to increasing usage as promising structural materials in various fields including cancer treatment. However, there is a serious lack of information about their toxicity at the cellular and molecular levels. In this study, the toxic potentials of MgO nanoparticles were investigated on liver (HepG2), kidney (NRK-52E), intestine (Caco-2), and lung (A549) cell lines. For the toxicological assessment, the following assays were used: the particle characterization by transmission electron microscopy, the determination of cellular uptake by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, MTT and neutral red uptake assays for cytotoxicity, comet assay for genotoxicity, and the determination of malondialdehyde (MDA), 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, protein carbonyl, and glutathione levels by enzyme-linked immune sorbent assays for the potential of oxidative damage and annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) apoptosis detection assay with propidium iodide (PI) for apoptosis. Magnesium oxide nanoparticles were taken up by the cells depending on their concentration and agglomeration/aggregation potentials. Magnesium oxide nanoparticles induced DNA (≤14.27 fold) and oxidative damage. At a concentration of ≥323.39 µg/mL, MgO nanoparticles caused 50% inhibition in cell viability by 2 different cytotoxicity assays. The cell sensitivity to cytotoxic and genotoxic damage induced by MgO nanoparticles was ranked as HepG2 < A549 < Caco-2 < NRK-52E. Although it was observed that MgO nanoparticles induced apoptotic effects on the cells, apoptosis was not the main cell death. DNA damage, cell death, and oxidative damage effects of MgO nanoparticles should raise concern about the safety associated with their applications in consumer products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abudayyak Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Öztaş Ezgi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Arici Merve
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gül Özhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Suk JS, Xu Q, Kim N, Hanes J, Ensign LM. PEGylation as a strategy for improving nanoparticle-based drug and gene delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016. [DOI: '10.1016/j.addr.2015.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
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Li M, Zhao M, Fu Y, Li Y, Gong T, Zhang Z, Sun X. Enhanced intranasal delivery of mRNA vaccine by overcoming the nasal epithelial barrier via intra- and paracellular pathways. J Control Release 2016; 228:9-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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45
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PEGylation as a strategy for improving nanoparticle-based drug and gene delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 99:28-51. [PMID: 26456916 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2338] [Impact Index Per Article: 292.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Coating the surface of nanoparticles with polyethylene glycol (PEG), or "PEGylation", is a commonly used approach for improving the efficiency of drug and gene delivery to target cells and tissues. Building from the success of PEGylating proteins to improve systemic circulation time and decrease immunogenicity, the impact of PEG coatings on the fate of systemically administered nanoparticle formulations has, and continues to be, widely studied. PEG coatings on nanoparticles shield the surface from aggregation, opsonization, and phagocytosis, prolonging systemic circulation time. Here, we briefly describe the history of the development of PEGylated nanoparticle formulations for systemic administration, including how factors such as PEG molecular weight, PEG surface density, nanoparticle core properties, and repeated administration impact circulation time. A less frequently discussed topic, we then describe how PEG coatings on nanoparticles have also been utilized for overcoming various biological barriers to efficient drug and gene delivery associated with other modes of administration, ranging from gastrointestinal to ocular. Finally, we describe both methods for PEGylating nanoparticles and methods for characterizing PEG surface density, a key factor in the effectiveness of the PEG surface coating for improving drug and gene delivery.
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Subha V, Ramadoss P, Renganathan S. Incorporation of biotransformed silver nanoparticles in plant polysaccarides resin and their effect on sustained drug release. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES B 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1560090416010073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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47
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Understanding the influence of surface properties of nanoparticles and penetration enhancers for improving bioavailability in eye tissues in vivo. Int J Pharm 2016; 501:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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48
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Ema M, Hougaard KS, Kishimoto A, Honda K. Reproductive and developmental toxicity of carbon-based nanomaterials: A literature review. Nanotoxicology 2015; 10:391-412. [DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2015.1073811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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49
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Dash S, Xiao C, Morgantini C, Koulajian K, Lewis GF. Is Insulin Action in the Brain Relevant in Regulating Blood Glucose in Humans? J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015; 100:2525-31. [PMID: 26020765 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2015-1371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In addition to its direct action on the liver to lower hepatic glucose production, insulin action in the central nervous system (CNS) also lowers hepatic glucose production in rodents after 4 hours. Although CNS insulin action (CNSIA) modulates hepatic glycogen synthesis in dogs, it has no net effect on hepatic glucose output over a 4-hour period. The role of CNSIA in regulating plasma glucose has recently been examined in humans and is the focus of this review. METHODS AND RESULTS Intransal insulin (INI) administration increases CNS insulin concentration. Hence, INI can address whether CNSIA regulates plasma glucose concentration in humans. We and three other groups have sought to answer this question, with differing conclusions. Here we will review the critical aspects of each study, including its design, which may explain these discordant conclusions. CONCLUSIONS The early glucose-lowering effect of INI is likely due to spillover of insulin into the systemic circulation. In the presence of simultaneous portal and CNS hyperinsulinemia, portal insulin action is dominant. INI administration does lower plasma glucose independent of peripheral insulin concentration (between ∼3 and 6 h after administration), suggesting that CNSIA may play a role in glucose homeostasis in the late postprandial period when its action is likely greatest and portal insulin concentration is at baseline. The potential physiological role and purpose of this pathway are discussed in this review. Because the effects of INI are attenuated in patients with type 2 diabetes and obesity, this is unlikely to be of therapeutic utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satya Dash
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology and the Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Changting Xiao
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology and the Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Cecilia Morgantini
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology and the Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Khajag Koulajian
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology and the Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Gary F Lewis
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology and the Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
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Impact of gold nanoparticles on brain of mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni. Parasitol Res 2015; 114:3711-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-015-4600-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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