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Sorbie GG, Williams AK, Carter SE, Campbell AK, Glen J, Lavallee D, Sculthorpe N, Murray A, Beaumont AJ. Improved Physical Health in Middle-Older Aged Golf Caddies Following 24 Weeks of High-Volume Physical Activity. J Phys Act Health 2024; 21:134-145. [PMID: 37939701 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2023-0288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The physical demands of golf caddying, including walking while carrying a golf bag, may potentially affect body composition, and markers of metabolic, cardiovascular, and musculoskeletal health. Therefore, this study examined the impact of 24 weeks of caddying on physical health in middle-older aged males. METHODS Eleven full-time experienced male caddies (age: 59 [8] y; caddying experience: 14 [12] y) were recruited from a local golf course. The following were assessed at preseason and after 24 weeks of caddying (March-September 2022): body composition, heart rate, blood pressure, blood lipids, and performance tests (static and dynamic balance, strength, and submaximal fitness). Physical activity (PA) levels were assessed at preseason and at the mid-point of the caddying season. Across the caddying season, participants completed a monthly average of 24.0 (3.8) rounds. RESULTS Following the caddying season, improvements in static balance (Δ = 13.5 s), dynamic balance (Δ = -1.8 s), and lower back absolute strength (Δ = 112.8 N), and muscle quality (Δ = 2.0 N·kg-1) were observed (all P < .05). Additionally, blood lipids, including total cholesterol (Δ = -0.6 mmol·L-1), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (Δ = 0.1 mmol·L-1), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (Δ = -0.6 mmol·L-1) (all P < .05), and body composition, including body mass (Δ = -2.7 kg), fat mass (Δ = -1.9 kg), fat percentage (Δ = -1.4%), fat-to-muscle ratio (Δ = -0.03), and body mass index (Δ = -0.9 kg·m-2) (all P < .05) improved. Caddying did not offer beneficial changes to cardiovascular variables or cardiorespiratory fitness (P > .05), while coronary heart disease risk score decreased (Δ = -3.3%) (P < .05). In relation to PA, light- (Δ = 145 min) and moderate-intensity (Δ = 71 min) PA, moderate to vigorous PA (Δ = 73 min), and total PA (Δ = 218 min) between preseason and the mid-point of the caddying season increased, while sedentary time (Δ = -172 min) decreased (all P < .05). CONCLUSION Golf caddying can provide several physical health benefits such as improvements in various markers of cardiometabolic health, lower back absolute strength, and static and dynamic balance. The physical health improvements that caddying offers is likely contributed to by increased PA volume and intensity through walking on the golf course. Therefore, caddying may represent a feasible model for increasing PA volume and intensity and achieve physical health-related benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme G Sorbie
- Division of Sport and Exercise Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, Abertay University, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Ashley K Williams
- Division of Sport and Exercise Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, Abertay University, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie E Carter
- School of Science, Technology and Health, York St John University, York, United Kingdom
| | - Amy K Campbell
- School of Science, Technology and Health, York St John University, York, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Glen
- Division of Sport and Exercise Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, Abertay University, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - David Lavallee
- Division of Sport and Exercise Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, Abertay University, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Sculthorpe
- Institute of Clinical Exercise and Health Sciences, School of Science and Sport, University of the West of Scotland, Lanarkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Murray
- Medical and Scientific Department, The R&A, St Andrews, United Kingdom
- Sport and Exercise, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander J Beaumont
- School of Science, Technology and Health, York St John University, York, United Kingdom
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Letnes JM, Wisløff U, Dalen H. Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: Exercise Deficiency or Ventricular Maladaptation to Metabolic Demands? JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2023; 16:1233-1235. [PMID: 37673477 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2023.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
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Gröne M, Duse DA, Kramser N, Ophoff N, Schweers H, Voß F, Quast C, Sansone R, Heiss C, Jung C, Kelm M, Erkens R. Cocoa flavanols improve peakVO 2 and exercise capacity in a randomized double blinded clinical trial in healthy elderly people. Food Funct 2023; 14:7562-7573. [PMID: 37526943 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo01737k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Background: Loss of functional capacity is one of the hallmarks in cardiovascular aging. Cocoa flavanols (CF) exert favorable effects on endothelial function, blood pressure, and inflammation. These cardiovascular health markers worsen with increasing age and limit functional exercise capacity. Aim: To investigate the effect of CF on cardiorespiratory-fitness in healthy elderly people. Methods: In a randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled, parallel-group dietary intervention trial, 68 healthy elderly people (55-79 years, 28 female) received either 500 mg of CF or a nutrient-matched control capsule twice a day for 30 days. Primary endpoint was defined as peak oxygen consumption (VO2) in a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET). Secondary endpoints were oxygen pulse (VO2 per heart rate (HR)), resting blood pressure (BP), and resting vascular function. Results: After 30 days of CF intake peakVO2 increased by 190 ml min-1 (95% CI 1-371 ml min-1) and peakVO2 per kg by 2.5 ml (min kg)-1 (95% CI 0.30-4.2 ml (min kg)-1). O2-pulse increased by 1.7 ml (95% CI 0.29-3.2 ml) and max exercise capacity by 9.6 W (95% CI 2.1-17.7 W). CF decreased resting systolic and diastolic BP by 5.4 mmHg (95% CI -10.7 to -0.1 mmHg) and 2.9 mmHg (95% CI -5.5 to -0.4 mmHg), respectively. Flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) increased by an absolute 1.3% (95% CI 0.76-1.79%) in the CF group. Indexes of pulmonary function were not affected. No changes for primary and secondary endpoints were detected in control. Conclusion: CF substantially improve markers of cardiorespiratory fitness in healthy elderly humans highlighting their potential to preserve cardiovascular health with increasing age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Gröne
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Dragos Andrei Duse
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Nicolas Kramser
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Niklas Ophoff
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Hendrik Schweers
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Fabian Voß
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Christine Quast
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Roberto Sansone
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Christian Heiss
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Surrey, UK
| | - Christian Jung
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Malte Kelm
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
- CARID, Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ralf Erkens
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Sant'Ana L, Monteiro D, Budde H, Ribeiro AADS, Vieira JG, Monteiro ER, Scartoni FR, Machado S, Vianna JM. Chronic Effects of Different Intensities of Interval Training on Hemodynamic, Autonomic and Cardiorespiratory Variables of Physically Active Elderly People. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20095619. [PMID: 37174139 PMCID: PMC10177898 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20095619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Interval training (IT) is a very efficient method. We aimed to verify the chronic effects of IT with different intensities on hemodynamic, autonomic and cardiorespiratory variables in the elderly. Twenty-four physically active elderly men participated in the study and were randomized into three groups: Training Group A (TGA, n = 8), Training Group B (TGB, n = 8) and control group (CG, n = 8). The TGA and TGB groups performed 32 sessions (48 h interval). TGA presented 4 min (55 to 60% of HRmax) and 1 min (70 to 75% of HRmax). The TGB training groups performed the same protocol, but performed 4 min at 45 to 50% HRmax and 1 min at 60 to 65% HRmax. Both training groups performed each set six times, totaling 30 min per session. Assessments were performed pre (baseline) after the 16th and 32nd intervention session. The CG performed only assessments. Hemodynamic, autonomic and cardiorespiratory (estimated VO2max) variables were evaluated. There were no significant differences between protocols and times (p > 0.05). However, the effect size and percentage delta indicated positive clinical outcomes, indicating favorable responses of IT. IT may be a strategy to improve hemodynamic, autonomic and cardiorespiratory behavior in healthy elderly people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Sant'Ana
- Post Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, MG, Brazil
- Strength Training Studies and Research Laboratory, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, MG, Brazil
| | - Diogo Monteiro
- ESECS, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
- Life Quality Research Centre (CIEQV), 2040-413 Leiria, Portugal
- Research Center in Sport, Health, and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Henning Budde
- Institute for Systems Medicine (ISM), Faculty of Human Sciences, Medical School Hamburg, University of Applied Science and Medical University, 20457 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Aline Aparecida de Souza Ribeiro
- Post Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, MG, Brazil
- Strength Training Studies and Research Laboratory, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, MG, Brazil
| | - João Guilherme Vieira
- Post Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, MG, Brazil
- Strength Training Studies and Research Laboratory, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, MG, Brazil
| | - Estêvão Rios Monteiro
- Post Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-599, RJ, Brazil
- Post Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Augusto Motta University Center, Rio de Janeiro 20911-300, RJ, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, IBMR University Center, Rio de Janeiro 22631-002, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Rodrigues Scartoni
- Sport and Exercise Science Laboratory, Catholic University of Petrópolis, Petrópolis 25685-100, RJ, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Machado
- Departament of Sports Methods and Techniques, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil
- Laboratory of Physical Activity Neuroscience, Neurodiversity Institute, Queimados 26325-020, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jeferson Macedo Vianna
- Post Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, MG, Brazil
- Strength Training Studies and Research Laboratory, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, MG, Brazil
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5
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Cai Y, Song W, Li J, Jing Y, Liang C, Zhang L, Zhang X, Zhang W, Liu B, An Y, Li J, Tang B, Pei S, Wu X, Liu Y, Zhuang CL, Ying Y, Dou X, Chen Y, Xiao FH, Li D, Yang R, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Wang L, Li Y, Ma S, Wang S, Song X, Ren J, Zhang L, Wang J, Zhang W, Xie Z, Qu J, Wang J, Xiao Y, Tian Y, Wang G, Hu P, Ye J, Sun Y, Mao Z, Kong QP, Liu Q, Zou W, Tian XL, Xiao ZX, Liu Y, Liu JP, Song M, Han JDJ, Liu GH. The landscape of aging. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2022; 65:2354-2454. [PMID: 36066811 PMCID: PMC9446657 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2161-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aging is characterized by a progressive deterioration of physiological integrity, leading to impaired functional ability and ultimately increased susceptibility to death. It is a major risk factor for chronic human diseases, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, neurological degeneration, and cancer. Therefore, the growing emphasis on "healthy aging" raises a series of important questions in life and social sciences. In recent years, there has been unprecedented progress in aging research, particularly the discovery that the rate of aging is at least partly controlled by evolutionarily conserved genetic pathways and biological processes. In an attempt to bring full-fledged understanding to both the aging process and age-associated diseases, we review the descriptive, conceptual, and interventive aspects of the landscape of aging composed of a number of layers at the cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, and organismal levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusheng Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Wei Song
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Jiaming Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ying Jing
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Chuqian Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Liyuan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Wenhui Zhang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Beibei Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yongpan An
- Peking University International Cancer Institute, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jingyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Baixue Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Siyu Pei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xueying Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yuxuan Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Cheng-Le Zhuang
- Colorectal Cancer Center/Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Yilin Ying
- Department of Geriatrics, Medical Center on Aging of Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- International Laboratory in Hematology and Cancer, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine/Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xuefeng Dou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Fu-Hui Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution/Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
| | - Dingfeng Li
- Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Ruici Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Ya Zhao
- Aging and Vascular Diseases, Human Aging Research Institute (HARI) and School of Life Science, Nanchang University, and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Human Aging, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Lihui Wang
- Institute of Ageing Research, Hangzhou Normal University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Yujing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Shuai Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Si Wang
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.
- Aging Translational Medicine Center, International Center for Aging and Cancer, Beijing Municipal Geriatric Medical Research Center, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.
- The Fifth People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, 400062, China.
| | - Xiaoyuan Song
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
| | - Jie Ren
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Liang Zhang
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Jun Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Weiqi Zhang
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Aging Translational Medicine Center, International Center for Aging and Cancer, Beijing Municipal Geriatric Medical Research Center, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Zhengwei Xie
- Peking University International Cancer Institute, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Jing Qu
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, 100101, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Jianwei Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Yichuan Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Ye Tian
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Gelin Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Ping Hu
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Colorectal Cancer Center/Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China.
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, 510005, China.
| | - Jing Ye
- Department of Geriatrics, Medical Center on Aging of Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
- International Laboratory in Hematology and Cancer, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine/Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Yu Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- Department of Medicine and VAPSHCS, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195, USA.
| | - Zhiyong Mao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Qing-Peng Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution/Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China.
| | - Qiang Liu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China.
- Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.
| | - Weiguo Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Xiao-Li Tian
- Aging and Vascular Diseases, Human Aging Research Institute (HARI) and School of Life Science, Nanchang University, and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Human Aging, Nanchang, 330031, China.
| | - Zhi-Xiong Xiao
- Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
| | - Yong Liu
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Jun-Ping Liu
- Institute of Ageing Research, Hangzhou Normal University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University Faculty of Medicine, Prahran, Victoria, 3181, Australia.
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, and Monash University Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia.
| | - Moshi Song
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Jing-Dong J Han
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Center for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Guang-Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.
- Aging Translational Medicine Center, International Center for Aging and Cancer, Beijing Municipal Geriatric Medical Research Center, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.
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6
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Astorino TA, Causer E, Hazell TJ, Arhen BB, Gurd BJ. Change in Central Cardiovascular Function in Response to Intense Interval Training: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2022; 54:1991-2004. [PMID: 35881924 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION High-intensity interval training and sprint interval training significantly increase maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O 2max ), which enhances endurance performance and health status. Whether this response is due to increases in central cardiovascular function (cardiac output (CO) and blood volume) or peripheral factors is unknown. PURPOSE This study aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effects of high-intensity interval training and sprint interval training (referred to as intense interval training) on changes in central cardiovascular function. METHODS We performed a systematic search of eight databases for studies denoting increases in V̇O 2max in which CO, stroke volume (SV), blood volume, plasma volume, end-diastolic/systolic volume, or hematocrit were measured. RESULTS Forty-five studies were included in this analysis, comprising 946 men and women of various health status (age and V̇O 2max , 20-76 yr and 13-61 mL·kg -1 ·min -1 ) who performed 6-96 sessions of interval training. Results showed an increase in V̇O 2max with intense interval training that was classified as a large effect ( d = 0.83). SV ( d = 0.69), and CO ( d = 0.49) had moderate effect sizes in response to intense interval training. Of 27 studies in which CO was measured, 77% exhibited significant increases in resting CO or that obtained during exercise. Similarly, 93% of studies revealed significant increases in SV in response to intense interval training. Effect sizes for these outcomes were larger for clinical versus healthy populations. Plasma volume, blood volume, and hematocrit had small effect sizes after training ( d = 0.06-0.14). CONCLUSIONS Increases in V̇O 2max demonstrated with intense interval training are attendant with increases in central O 2 delivery with little contribution from changes in hematocrit, blood volume, or plasma volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd A Astorino
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University-San Marcos. San Marcos, CA
| | - Ejaz Causer
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, CANADA
| | - Tom J Hazell
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, CANADA
| | - Benjamin B Arhen
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, CANADA
| | - Brendon J Gurd
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, CANADA
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7
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Sanchez-Trigo H, Zange J, Sies W, Böcker J, Sañudo B, Rittweger J. Effects of Aging and Fitness on Hopping Biomechanics. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13696. [PMID: 36294273 PMCID: PMC9603534 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Physical exercise promotes healthy aging and is associated with greater functionality and quality of life. Muscle strength and power are established factors in the ability to perform daily tasks and live independently. Stiffness, for mechanical reasons, is another important constituent of running performance and locomotion. This study aims to analyze the impact of age and training status on one-legged hopping biomechanics and to evaluate whether age-related power decline can be reduced with regular physical exercise. Forty-three male subjects were recruited according to their suitability for one of four groups (young athletes, senior athletes, young controls and senior controls) according to their age (young between 21 and 35, vs. older between 59 and 75) and training status (competing athletes vs. non-physically active). The impact of age and training status on one-legged hopping biomechanics were evaluated using the two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) method. Significant differences among groups were found for hopping height (p < 0.05), ground contact time (p < 0.05), peak ground reaction force (p < 0.05) and peak power (p < 0.01). No differences among groups were found in ground-phase vertical displacement and vertical stiffness (p > 0.05). Young athletes and older non-physically active people achieved the best and worst performance, respectively. Interestingly, there were not any differences found between young non-physically active people and senior athletes, suggesting that chronic training can contribute to partly offset effects that are normally associated with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Horacio Sanchez-Trigo
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Seville, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jochen Zange
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, 51147 Cologne, Germany
| | - Wolfram Sies
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, 51147 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jonas Böcker
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, 51147 Cologne, Germany
| | - Borja Sañudo
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Seville, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jörn Rittweger
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, 51147 Cologne, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
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8
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Letnes JM, Berglund I, Johnson KE, Dalen H, Nes BM, Lydersen S, Viken H, Hassel E, Steinshamn S, Vesterbekkmo EK, Støylen A, Reitlo LS, Zisko N, Bækkerud FH, Tari AR, Ingebrigtsen JE, Sandbakk SB, Carlsen T, Anderssen SA, Singh MAF, Coombes JS, Helbostad JL, Rognmo Ø, Wisløff U, Stensvold D. Effect of 5 years of exercise training on the cardiovascular risk profile of older adults: the Generation 100 randomized trial. Eur Heart J 2021; 43:2065-2075. [PMID: 34746955 PMCID: PMC9156390 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to compare the effects of 5 years of supervised exercise training (ExComb), and the differential effects of subgroups of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT), with control on the cardiovascular risk profile in older adults. METHODS AND RESULTS Older adults aged 70-77 years from Trondheim, Norway (n = 1567, 50% women), able to safely perform exercise training were randomized to 5 years of two weekly sessions of HIIT [∼90% of peak heart rate (HR), n = 400] or MICT (∼70% of peak HR, n = 387), together forming ExComb (n = 787), or control (instructed to follow physical activity recommendations, n = 780). The main outcome was a continuous cardiovascular risk score (CCR), individual cardiovascular risk factors, and peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak). CCR was not significantly lower [-0.19, 99% confidence interval (CI) -0.46 to 0.07] and VO2peak was not significantly higher (0.39 mL/kg/min, 99% CI -0.22 to 1.00) for ExComb vs. control. HIIT showed higher VO2peak (0.76 mL/kg/min, 99% CI 0.02-1.51), but not lower CCR (-0.32, 99% CI -0.64 to 0.01) vs. control. MICT did not show significant differences compared to control or HIIT. Individual risk factors mostly did not show significant between-group differences, with some exceptions for HIIT being better than control. There was no significant effect modification by sex. The number of cardiovascular events was similar across groups. The healthy and fit study sample, and contamination and cross-over between intervention groups, challenged the possibility of detecting between-group differences. CONCLUSIONS Five years of supervised exercise training in older adults had little effect on cardiovascular risk profile and did not reduce cardiovascular events. REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01666340.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Magne Letnes
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Post Box 8905, Trondheim 7491, Norway.,Department of Cardiology, St Olavs University Hospital, Prinsesse Kristinas gate 3, Trondheim 7030, Norway.,Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Health Trust, Kirkegata 2, Levanger 7600, Norway
| | - Ida Berglund
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Post Box 8905, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Kristin E Johnson
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Post Box 8905, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Håvard Dalen
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Post Box 8905, Trondheim 7491, Norway.,Department of Cardiology, St Olavs University Hospital, Prinsesse Kristinas gate 3, Trondheim 7030, Norway.,Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Health Trust, Kirkegata 2, Levanger 7600, Norway
| | - Bjarne M Nes
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Post Box 8905, Trondheim 7491, Norway.,Department of Cardiology, St Olavs University Hospital, Prinsesse Kristinas gate 3, Trondheim 7030, Norway
| | - Stian Lydersen
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Post Box 8905, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Hallgeir Viken
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Post Box 8905, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Erlend Hassel
- Norwegian Armed Forces Occupational Health Service, Post Box 800, Lillehammer 2617, Norway.,Department of Thoracic Medicine, Clinic of Thoracic and Occupational Medicine, St Olavs University Hospital, Prinsesse Kristinas gate 3, Trondheim 7030, Norway
| | - Sigurd Steinshamn
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Post Box 8905, Trondheim 7491, Norway.,Department of Thoracic Medicine, Clinic of Thoracic and Occupational Medicine, St Olavs University Hospital, Prinsesse Kristinas gate 3, Trondheim 7030, Norway
| | - Elisabeth Kleivhaug Vesterbekkmo
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Post Box 8905, Trondheim 7491, Norway.,Department of Cardiology, St Olavs University Hospital, Prinsesse Kristinas gate 3, Trondheim 7030, Norway
| | - Asbjørn Støylen
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Post Box 8905, Trondheim 7491, Norway.,Department of Cardiology, St Olavs University Hospital, Prinsesse Kristinas gate 3, Trondheim 7030, Norway
| | - Line S Reitlo
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Post Box 8905, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Nina Zisko
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Post Box 8905, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Fredrik H Bækkerud
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Post Box 8905, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Atefe R Tari
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Post Box 8905, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Jan Erik Ingebrigtsen
- Department of Sociology and Political Science, Faculty of Social and Educational Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Post Box 8905, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Silvana B Sandbakk
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Post Box 8905, Trondheim 7491, Norway.,Department of Teacher Education, Faculty of Social and Educational Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Post Box 8905, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Trude Carlsen
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Post Box 8905, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Sigmund A Anderssen
- Department of Sports Medicine, The Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Sognsveien 220, Oslo 0863, Norway
| | - Maria A Fiatarone Singh
- Sydney School of Health Sciences and Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, 1200 Centre St, Boston, MA 02131, USA
| | - Jeff S Coombes
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Science, University of Queensland, Human Movement Studies Building, St Lucia QLD, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Jorunn L Helbostad
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Post Box 8905, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Øivind Rognmo
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Post Box 8905, Trondheim 7491, Norway.,Department of Cardiology, St Olavs University Hospital, Prinsesse Kristinas gate 3, Trondheim 7030, Norway
| | - Ulrik Wisløff
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Post Box 8905, Trondheim 7491, Norway.,School of Human Movement and Nutrition Science, University of Queensland, Human Movement Studies Building, St Lucia QLD, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Dorthe Stensvold
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Post Box 8905, Trondheim 7491, Norway.,Department of Cardiology, St Olavs University Hospital, Prinsesse Kristinas gate 3, Trondheim 7030, Norway
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9
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Wu ZJ, Wang ZY, Gao HE, Zhou XF, Li FH. Impact of high-intensity interval training on cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, physical fitness, and metabolic parameters in older adults: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Exp Gerontol 2021; 150:111345. [PMID: 33836261 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
High-intensity interval training (HIIT) can effectively increase peak oxygen consumption, body composition, physical fitness, and health-related characteristics of adults; however, its impact in the older population remains highly debated. This review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of high-intensity interval training on cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, physical fitness, and health-related outcomes in older adults. Four electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Medline, and Web of Science) were searched (until July 2020) for randomized trials comparing the effect of HIIT on physical fitness, metabolic parameters, and cardiorespiratory fitness in older adults. The Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool was used to evaluate the methodological quality of the included studies; Stata 14.0 software was used for statistical analysis. HIIT significantly improved the maximum rate of oxygen consumption (VO2peak) as compared to a moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) protocol (HIIT vs. MICT: weighted mean difference = 1.74, 95% confidence interval: 0.80-2.69, p < 0.001). Additional subgroup analyses determined that training periods >12 weeks, training frequencies of 2 sessions/week, session lengths of 40 min, 6 sets and repetitions, training times per repetition of >60 s, and rest times of <90 s were more effective for VO2peak. This systematic review and meta-analysis showed that HIIT induces favorable adaptions in cardiorespiratory fitness, physical fitness, muscle power, cardiac contractile function, mitochondrial citrate synthase activity, and reduced blood triglyceride and glucose levels in older individuals, which may help to maintain aerobic fitness and slow down the process of sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Jian Wu
- School of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhu-Ying Wang
- School of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao-En Gao
- School of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xian-Feng Zhou
- School of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang-Hui Li
- School of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.
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10
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Ghram A, Briki W, Mansoor H, Al-Mohannadi AS, Lavie CJ, Chamari K. Home-based exercise can be beneficial for counteracting sedentary behavior and physical inactivity during the COVID-19 pandemic in older adults. Postgrad Med 2020; 133:469-480. [PMID: 33275479 DOI: 10.1080/00325481.2020.1860394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The novel pandemic called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), as a global public health emergency, seems to be having a major impact on physical activity (PA) behaviors. Older adults are at high risk of death from the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2). Health authorities around the world have been implementing preventive health measures, including quarantine and self-isolation, to mitigate the COVID-19 outbreak. This period is characterized by the cessation of outdoor exercising. During this period of lockdown, PA has been one of the rare reasons for going out in some countries. To avoid the harmful effects of periods of exercise cessation, PA could be prescribed to older adults, which is of great importance for breaking their sedentary lifestyle and improving their immunity. The present review discusses the potential impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on sedentary behavior and physical inactivity in older adults. The importance of performing PA to reduce the harmful effects of the COVID-19 pandemic is discussed, and useful recommendations on home-based exercise for the older adults to maintain their level of independence, physical and mental health as well as their well-being are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amine Ghram
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Walid Briki
- Sport Science Program, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hend Mansoor
- College of Health and Life Sciences,Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdulla Saeed Al-Mohannadi
- Research and Scientific Support Department, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Qatar.,World Innovation Summit for Health (WISH), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Carl J Lavie
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School the University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Karim Chamari
- Aspetar, Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
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11
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Scartoni FR, Sant'Ana LDO, Murillo-Rodriguez E, Yamamoto T, Imperatori C, Budde H, Vianna JM, Machado S. Physical Exercise and Immune System in the Elderly: Implications and Importance in COVID-19 Pandemic Period. Front Psychol 2020; 11:593903. [PMID: 33329256 PMCID: PMC7711129 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.593903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise is seen as the main ally for health promotion, preventing and protecting the organism from several diseases. According to WHO, there is a tendency of constant growth in the elderly population in the coming years. The regular practice of exercises by the elderly becomes relevant to minimize the deleterious effects of the aging process and to increase the fitness index. Recently, the world population started a confrontation against Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19), which is the most significant public health challenge globally. Although social isolation is a reasonable measure in an attempt to stop contamination by COVID-19, this measure has limited the ability of individuals to exercise outdoors or in gyms and health clubs, which increased the risk of developing chronic illnesses related to a sedentary lifestyle. The critical point is that the recent recommendations on exercise prescription to combat the potentially harmful effects of COVID-19 failure to adequately address resistance exercise interventions as home-based exercise strategy. Thus, in this paper, we discussed the physical exercise as medicine if the training status is enough to protect the elderly against COVID-19 infection, about the role of physical activity on immunosuppression. Possible risks for COVID-19 infection, and the old training methods, such as no-load resistance training as possible resistance exercise strategies and high-intensity interval training, as new proposals of home-based exercise interventions, could perform during the current COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Rodrigues Scartoni
- Department of Physical Education, Catholic University of Petrópolis, Petrópolis, Brazil.,Sport and Exercise Sciences Laboratory, Catholic University of Petrópolis, Petrópolis, Brazil
| | - Leandro de Oliveira Sant'Ana
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Laboratory, Catholic University of Petrópolis, Petrópolis, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Eric Murillo-Rodriguez
- Molecular and Integrative Neuroscience Laboratory, Escuela de Medicina, División Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac Mayab, Mérida, Mexico.,Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group, Mérida, México
| | - Tetsuya Yamamoto
- Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group, Mérida, México.,Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Claudio Imperatori
- Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group, Mérida, México.,Department of Human Sciences, European University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Henning Budde
- Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group, Mérida, México.,MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jeferson Macedo Vianna
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Sergio Machado
- Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group, Mérida, México.,Laboratory of Physical Activity Neuroscience, Physical Activity Sciences Postgraduate Program, Salgado de Oliveira University, São Gonçalo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Physical Activity Neuroscience, Neurodiversity Institute, Queimados, Brazil
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12
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Sant'Ana LDO, Machado S, Ribeiro AADS, Dos Reis NR, Campos YDAC, da Silva JGV, Scartoni FR, Brown AF, Monteiro ER, Novaes JDS, Vianna JM, Budde H. Effects of Cardiovascular Interval Training in Healthy Elderly Subjects: A Systematic Review. Front Physiol 2020; 11:739. [PMID: 32848808 PMCID: PMC7412615 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review is to demonstrate the effects of cardiovascular interval training (IT) on healthy elderly subjects. We used the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The following variables were observed: resting heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MBP), heart rate variability (HRV), baroreflex activity (BA), and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max). Studies were searched for in the MedLine, PubMed, and Sport Discus databases considering publications between 1990 and 2019. To find the studies, the keywords used were “Interval and Elderly Training” or “Interval Training and Baroreflex Sensing” or “Interval Training and Aging and Pressure Arterial and Blood Pressure Training” or “Interval Training and Variation in Aging and Heart Rate” or “Interval Training and Sensitivity to the Elderly and Baroreflex” or “Interval Training and Variability in the Elderly and Heart Rate.” The systematic search identified 1,140 hits. The analysis of the study was performed through a critical review of the content. One thousand one hundred forty articles were identified. Of these, 1,108 articles were excluded by checking the articles and abstracts. Finally, 32 studies were selected for full reading while 26 studies were eliminated because they did not contain a methodology according to the purpose of this review. Thus, six studies were included for the final analysis. The PEDro score was used for analyzing the study quality and found 4,8 ± 1,3 points (range: 3–6). Positive results were found with the different IT protocols in the observed variables. Results show that IT protocols can be an efficient method for functional improvement of cardiovascular and cardiorespiratory variables in the healthy elderly, especially HR, SBP, DBP, MAP, HRV, BA, and VO2max. However, this method can be included in the prescription of aerobic training for the elderly to obtain conditional improvements in the cardiovascular system, thus being an important clinical intervention for the public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro de Oliveira Sant'Ana
- Post Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil.,Sport and Exercise Science Laboratory, Catholic University of Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Machado
- Laboratory of Physical Activity Neuroscience, Salgado de Oliveira University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Amanda Fernandes Brown
- School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Estêvão Rios Monteiro
- School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jefferson da Silva Novaes
- School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jeferson Macedo Vianna
- Post Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Henning Budde
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Medical School Hamburg, University of Applied Science and Medical University, Hamburg, Germany
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13
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Beaumont A, Campbell A, Unnithan V, Grace F, Knox A, Sculthorpe N. Long-term athletic training does not alter age-associated reductions of left-ventricular mid-diastolic lengthening or expansion at rest. Eur J Appl Physiol 2020; 120:2059-2073. [PMID: 32623518 PMCID: PMC7419356 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-020-04418-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The interaction of ageing and exercise training status on left-ventricular (LV) peak strain is unclear. Additionally, strain analysis across the entire cardiac cycle facilitates a more detailed assessment of deformation, yet this has not been implemented to characterize the ageing LV and in association with training status. This study investigated healthy ageing and training status on LV systolic and diastolic strain utilizing novel echocardiographic applications. Methods Forty healthy males were included and allocated into four groups; young recreationally active (YRA,n = 9; 28 ± 5 years), old recreationally active (ORA, n = 10; 68 ± 6), young trained (YT,n = 10; 27 ± 6 years), and old trained (OT, n = 11, 64 ± 4 years) groups. Two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography was performed to ascertain peak LV longitudinal and circumferential strain (base and apex) strain within each myocardial layer and at 5% increments across the cardiac cycle. Results Older groups had lower diastolic longitudinal lengthening and circumferential expansion between 40–85% mid-diastole, regardless of training status (P < 0.05). Whereas, strain throughout systole was similar between groups (P > 0.05). Longitudinal and circumferential (base and apex) peak and layer-specific strain did not differ between groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion Novel applications of diastolic strain revealed lower age-associated LV longitudinal lengthening and circumferential expansion in older age. Yet, diastolic strain profiles did not differ based on chronic habits of exercise training and, thus, older trained men did not demonstrate an attenuation of age-associated differences in mid-diastolic LV strain. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00421-020-04418-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amy Campbell
- Institute of Clinical Exercise and Health Sciences, School of Science and Sport, University of the West of Scotland, Stephenson Place, Hamilton International Technology Park Blantyre, Glasgow, UK
| | - Viswanath Unnithan
- Institute of Clinical Exercise and Health Sciences, School of Science and Sport, University of the West of Scotland, Stephenson Place, Hamilton International Technology Park Blantyre, Glasgow, UK
| | - Fergal Grace
- Faculty of Health, School of Health Science and Psychology, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, VIC, Australia
| | - Allan Knox
- Exercise Science Department, California Lutheran University, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas Sculthorpe
- Institute of Clinical Exercise and Health Sciences, School of Science and Sport, University of the West of Scotland, Stephenson Place, Hamilton International Technology Park Blantyre, Glasgow, UK.
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14
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The Impact of Sex on Left Ventricular Cardiac Adaptations to Endurance Training: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Sports Med 2020; 50:1501-1513. [DOI: 10.1007/s40279-020-01294-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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15
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Beaumont AJ, Grace FM, Richards JC, Campbell AK, Sculthorpe NF. Aerobic Training Protects Cardiac Function During Advancing Age: A Meta-Analysis of Four Decades of Controlled Studies. Sports Med 2020; 49:199-219. [PMID: 30374946 PMCID: PMC6513799 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-018-1004-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background In contrast to younger athletes, there is comparatively less literature examining cardiac structure and function in older athletes. However, a progressive accumulation of studies during the past four decades offers a body of literature worthy of systematic scrutiny. Objectives We conducted a systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression of controlled echocardiography studies comparing left ventricular (LV) structure and function in aerobically trained older athletes (> 45 years) with age-matched untrained controls, in addition to investigating the influence of chronological age. Methods Electronic databases were searched from inception to January 2018 before conducting a random-effects meta-analysis to calculate pooled differences in means, effect size and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Study heterogeneity was reported using Cochran’s Q and I2 statistic. Results Overall, 32 studies (644 athletes; 582 controls) were included. Athletes had greater LV end-diastolic diameter (3.65 mm, 95% CI 2.66–4.64), interventricular septal thickness (1.23 mm, 95% CI 0.85–1.60), posterior wall thickness (1.20 mm, 95% CI 0.83–1.56), LV mass (72 g, 95% CI 46–98), LV mass index (28.17 g·m2, 95% CI 19.84–36.49) and stroke volume (13.59 mL, 95% CI 7.20–19.98) (all p < 0.01). Athletes had superior global diastolic function [ratio of early (E) to late (A) mitral inflow velocity (E/A) 0.18, 95% CI 0.13–0.24, p < 0.01; ratio of early (e′) to late (a′) diastolic annular tissue velocity (e′/a′) 0.23, 95% CI 0.06–0.40, p = 0.01], lower A (−8.20 cm·s−1, 95% CI −11.90 to −4.51, p < 0.01) and a′ (−0.72 cm·s−1, 95% CI −1.31 to −0.12, p = 0.02), and more rapid e′ (0.96 cm·s−1, 95% CI 0.05–1.86, p = 0.04). Meta-regression for chronological age identified that athlete–control differences, in the main, are maintained during advancing age. Conclusions Athletic older men have larger cardiac dimensions and enjoy more favourable cardiac function than healthy, non-athletic counterparts. Notably, the athlete groups maintain these effects during chronological ageing. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s40279-018-1004-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Beaumont
- School of Health and Life Science, Institute of Clinical Exercise and Health Science, University of the West of Scotland, Glasgow, UK
| | - Fergal M Grace
- Human Movement and Sports Science Group, Faculty of Health, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, VIC, Australia
| | - Joanna C Richards
- School of Sport Science and Physical Activity, Institute of Sport and Physical Activity Research, University of Bedfordshire, Bedford, UK
| | - Amy K Campbell
- School of Health and Life Science, Institute of Clinical Exercise and Health Science, University of the West of Scotland, Glasgow, UK
| | - Nicholas F Sculthorpe
- School of Health and Life Science, Institute of Clinical Exercise and Health Science, University of the West of Scotland, Glasgow, UK.
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Reljic D, Lampe D, Wolf F, Zopf Y, Herrmann HJ, Fischer J. Prevalence and predictors of dropout from high-intensity interval training in sedentary individuals: A meta-analysis. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2019; 29:1288-1304. [PMID: 31050061 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that high-intensity interval training (HIIT) is an effective method to improve fitness and various health markers. However, the tolerability and acceptability of HIIT among sedentary individuals is currently controversially discussed. Therefore, our objective was to investigate the prevalence and predictors of dropout among sedentary individuals in HIIT-based exercise interventions. MEDLINE/PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science were searched systematically for relevant articles until 06/2018. Studies included were required to (a) be written in English, (b) include sedentary healthy adults, (c) use some form of HIIT without any complementary intervention, (d) last ≥4 weeks, (e) report detailed description of the applied HIIT protocol, and (f) report data that allow calculation of a dropout rate. Fifty-five studies reporting results from 67 HIIT interventions with 1318 participants met the eligibility criteria. The trim and fill adjusted pooled dropout rate across all interventions was 17.6% (95% confidence interval 14.2-21.5%). Dropout rates were significantly lower in cycling-based interventions compared with studies using running/walking as exercise modality (P < 0.001). Longer session time (β = 0.02, P < 0.05), higher time effort/week (β = 0.005, P < 0.05), and overall time effort/intervention (β = 0.0003, P < 0.05) predicted greater dropout. Exercise intensity was not related to dropout. Our data suggest that HIIT-based interventions are tolerable and acceptable for previously sedentary individuals, exhibiting generally lower dropout rates than commonly reported for traditional exercise programs. Given the association between HIIT volume and dropouts, future studies should further focus on identifying the minimally effective dose of practical HIIT for improving health status. Such efforts would be important to increase implementation and public health impact of HIIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejan Reljic
- Department of Medicine 1, Gastroenterology, Pneumology and Endocrinology, Hector-Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - David Lampe
- Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Franziska Wolf
- Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Yurdagül Zopf
- Department of Medicine 1, Gastroenterology, Pneumology and Endocrinology, Hector-Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans Joachim Herrmann
- Department of Medicine 1, Gastroenterology, Pneumology and Endocrinology, Hector-Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Joachim Fischer
- Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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17
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Krzesiak A, Cognard C, Sebille S, Carré G, Bosquet L, Delpech N. High-intensity intermittent training is as effective as moderate continuous training, and not deleterious, in cardiomyocyte remodeling of hypertensive rats. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2019; 126:903-915. [PMID: 30702976 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00131.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise training offers possible nonpharmacological therapy for cardiovascular diseases including hypertension. High-intensity intermittent exercise (HIIE) training has been shown to have as much or even more beneficial cardiovascular effect in patients with cardiovascular diseases than moderate-intensity continuous exercise (CMIE) training. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the two types of training on cardiac remodeling of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) induced by hypertension. Eight-week-old male SHR and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) were divided into four groups: normotensive and hypertensive control (WKY and SHR-C) and hypertensive trained with CMIE (SHR-T CMIE) or HIIE (SHR-T HIIE). After 8 wk of training or inactivity, maximal running speed (MRS), arterial pressure, and heart weight were all assessed. CMIE or HIIE protocols not only increased final MRS and left ventricular weight/body weight ratio but also reduced mean arterial pressure compared with sedentary group. Then, left ventricular tissue was enzymatically dissociated, and isolated cardiomyocytes were used to highlight the changes induced by physical activity at morphological, mechanical, and molecular levels. Both types of training induced restoration of transverse tubule regularity, decrease in spark site density, and reduction in half-relaxation time of calcium transients. HIIE training, in particular, decreased spark amplitude and width, and increased cardiomyocyte contractility and the expression of sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase and phospholamban phosphorylated on serine 16. NEW & NOTEWORTHY High-intensity intermittent exercise training induces beneficial remodeling of the left ventricular cardiomyocytes of spontaneously hypertensive rats at the morphological, mechanical, and molecular levels. Results also confirm, at the cellular level, that this type of training, as it appears not to be deleterious, could be applied in rehabilitation of hypertensive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Krzesiak
- Equipe Transferts Ioniques et Rythmicité Cellulaire, Laboratory Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires, Université de Poitiers, EA 7349, Faculté des Sciences Fondamentales et Appliquées , Poitiers , France.,Laboratoire Mobilité, Vieillissement, and Exercice, EA 6314, Université de Poitiers, Faculté des Sciences du Sport , Poitiers , France
| | - C Cognard
- Equipe Transferts Ioniques et Rythmicité Cellulaire, Laboratory Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires, Université de Poitiers, EA 7349, Faculté des Sciences Fondamentales et Appliquées , Poitiers , France
| | - S Sebille
- Equipe Transferts Ioniques et Rythmicité Cellulaire, Laboratory Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires, Université de Poitiers, EA 7349, Faculté des Sciences Fondamentales et Appliquées , Poitiers , France
| | - G Carré
- Equipe Transferts Ioniques et Rythmicité Cellulaire, Laboratory Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires, Université de Poitiers, EA 7349, Faculté des Sciences Fondamentales et Appliquées , Poitiers , France
| | - L Bosquet
- Laboratoire Mobilité, Vieillissement, and Exercice, EA 6314, Université de Poitiers, Faculté des Sciences du Sport , Poitiers , France
| | - N Delpech
- Laboratoire Mobilité, Vieillissement, and Exercice, EA 6314, Université de Poitiers, Faculté des Sciences du Sport , Poitiers , France
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Ozemek C, Laddu DR, Lavie CJ, Claeys H, Kaminsky LA, Ross R, Wisloff U, Arena R, Blair SN. An Update on the Role of Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Structured Exercise and Lifestyle Physical Activity in Preventing Cardiovascular Disease and Health Risk. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2018; 61:484-490. [PMID: 30445160 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The cardiovascular disease (CVD) pandemic has placed considerable strain on healthcare systems, quality of life, and physical function, while remaining the leading cause of death globally. Decades of scientific investigations have fortified the protective effects of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), exercise training, and physical activity (PA) against the development of CVD. This review will summarize recent efforts that have made significant strides in; 1) the application of novel analytic techniques to increase the predictive utility of CRF; 2) understanding the protective effects of long-term compliance to PA recommendations through large cohort studies with multiple points of assessment; 3) and understanding the potential harms associated with extreme volumes of PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cemal Ozemek
- Department of Physical Therapy and the Integrative Physiology Laboratory, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Deepika R Laddu
- Department of Physical Therapy and the Integrative Physiology Laboratory, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Carl J Lavie
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School-University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Hannah Claeys
- Department of Physical Therapy and the Integrative Physiology Laboratory, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Leonard A Kaminsky
- Fisher Institute of Health and Well-Being, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, USA
| | - Robert Ross
- Schoold of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; School of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ulrik Wisloff
- K. G. Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine at the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; School of Human Movement & Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Ross Arena
- Department of Physical Therapy and the Integrative Physiology Laboratory, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Steven N Blair
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
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Reitlo LS, Sandbakk SB, Viken H, Aspvik NP, Ingebrigtsen JE, Tan X, Wisløff U, Stensvold D. Exercise patterns in older adults instructed to follow moderate- or high-intensity exercise protocol - the generation 100 study. BMC Geriatr 2018; 18:208. [PMID: 30200893 PMCID: PMC6131829 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-018-0900-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Making older adults exercise and keeping them in exercise programs is a major challenge. Understanding how older adults prefer to exercise may help developing tailored exercise programs and increase sustained exercise participation in ageing populations. We aimed to describe exercise patterns, including frequency, intensity, type, location and social setting of exercise, in older adults instructed to follow continuous moderate-intensity training (MCT) or high-intensity interval training (HIIT) over a one-year period. Methods Frequency, intensity, type, location and social setting (alone vs. together with others) of exercise were assessed using exercise logs from 618 older adults (aged 70–77 years) randomized to MCT or HIIT. All participants completed exercise logs after each exercise session they performed during one year. Pearson Chi-square tests were run to assess the association between intensity, type, location and social setting of exercise with training group. Results Both groups performed 2.2 ± 1.3 exercise sessions per week during the year. Walking was the most common exercise type in both groups, but MCT had a higher proportion of walking sessions than HIIT (54.2% vs. 41.1%, p < 0.01). Compared to MCT, HIIT had a higher proportion of sessions with cycling (14.2% vs. 9.8%, p < 0.01), combined endurance and resistance training (10.3% vs. 7.5%, p < 0.01), jogging (6.5% vs. 3.2%, p < 0.01) and swimming (2.6% vs. 1.7%, p < 0.01). Outdoors was the most common exercise location in both training groups (67.8 and 59.1% of all sessions in MCT and HIIT, respectively). Compared to MCT, HIIT had a higher proportion of sessions at a gym (21.4% vs. 17.5%, p < 0.01) and sports facility (9.8% vs. 7.6%, p < 0.01). Both groups performed an equal amount of sessions alone and together with others, but women had a higher proportion of sessions together with others compared to men (56% vs. 44%, p < 0.01). Conclusion This is the first study that has followed older adults instructed to perform MCT or HIIT over a one-year period, collected data from each exercise session they performed and provided important knowledge about their exercise patterns. This novel information may help researchers and clinicians to develop tailored exercise programs in an ageing population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line Skarsem Reitlo
- K.G. Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine at Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Cardiology, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Silvana Bucher Sandbakk
- K.G. Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine at Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Exercise Training as Medicine for Cardiopulmonary Conditions, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Hallgeir Viken
- K.G. Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine at Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Nils Petter Aspvik
- Department of Sociology and Political Science, Faculty of Social and Educational Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jan Erik Ingebrigtsen
- Department of Sociology and Political Science, Faculty of Social and Educational Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Xiangchun Tan
- Department of Neuroscience and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ulrik Wisløff
- K.G. Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine at Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,School of Human Movement & Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Dorthe Stensvold
- K.G. Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine at Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
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20
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Muscle morphology and performance in master athletes: A systematic review and meta-analyses. Ageing Res Rev 2018; 45:62-82. [PMID: 29715523 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The extent to which chronic exercise training preserves age-related decrements in physical function, muscle strength, mass and morphology is unclear. Our aim was to conduct a systematic review of the literature to determine to what extent chronically trained master athletes (strength/power and endurance) preserve levels of physical function, muscle strength, muscle mass and morphology in older age, compared with older and younger controls and young trained individuals. METHODS The systematic data search included Medline, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL and Web of Science databases. INCLUSION CRITERIA i) master athletes mean exercise training duration ≥20 years ii) master athletes mean age of cohort >59 years) iii) at least one measurement of muscle mass/volume/fibre-type morphology and/or strength/physical function. RESULTS Fifty-five eligible studies were identified. Meta-analyses were carried out on maximal aerobic capacity, maximal voluntary contraction and body composition. Master endurance athletes (42.0 ± 6.6 ml kg-1 min-1) exhibited VO2max values comparable with young healthy controls (43.1 ± 6.8 ml kg-1 min-1, P = .84), greater than older controls (27.1 ± 4.3 ml kg-1 min-1, P < 0.01) and master strength/power athletes (26.5 ± 2.3 mlkg-1 min-1, P < 0.01), and lower than young endurance trained individuals (60.0 ± 5.4 ml kg-1 min-1, P < 0.01). Master strength/power athletes (0.60 (0.28-0.93) P < 0.01) and young controls (0.71 (0.06-1.36) P < 0.05) were significantly stronger compared with the other groups. Body fat% was greater in master endurance athletes than young endurance trained (-4.44% (-8.44 to -0.43) P < 0.05) but lower compared with older controls (7.11% (5.70-8.52) P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Despite advancing age, this review suggests that chronic exercise training preserves physical function, muscular strength and body fat levels similar to that of young, healthy individuals in an exercise mode-specific manner.
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21
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Streese L, Deiseroth A, Schäfer J, Schmidt-Trucksäss A, Hanssen H. Exercise, Arterial Crosstalk-Modulation, and Inflammation in an Aging Population: The ExAMIN AGE Study. Front Physiol 2018. [PMID: 29515458 PMCID: PMC5826378 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Age is a key determinant for the development of cardiovascular disease and higher age coincides with an increased prevalence of obesity and physical inactivity. The study examines the influence of physical activity on aging processes of physiological systems focusing on the mechanisms of vascular aging. Methods/Design: The study consists of two parts. The cross-sectional approach aims at examining the association of physical fitness and cardiovascular risk with large and small artery function in healthy older active (HOA, n = 40) and sedentary (HOS, n = 40) persons as well as older sedentary individuals with increased cardiovascular risk (OSR, n = 80) aged 50–80 years. In the interventional approach, the OSR group is randomized into a 12-week walking-based high intensity interval training (HIIT) group or a control condition, aiming at examining the effects of HIIT on arterial function in diseased older adults. Active lifestyle is defined as >9 metabolic equivalent of task (MET) per week and sedentary as ≤3 MET/week. Inclusion criteria for OSR are overweight or obesity (body mass index ≥30 kg/m2) plus at least one additional cardiovascular risk factor. The primary outcome is arterial stiffness as determined by aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV). The secondary outcomes are retinal arterial and venous diameters. Further cardiovascular assessments include peripheral PWV, central haemodynamics, retinal endothelial function, carotid intima media thickness, cardiac strain and diastolic function as well as autonomic function and inflammation. Physical fitness is measured by a treadmill-based spiroergometry to determine peak oxygen uptake. Discussion: The aim of the study is to demonstrate the importance of and need for specific physical activity programs for seniors to achieve healthier aging as a long-term goal. Vascular function defines disease- and age-related end organ damage and represents the potential to contain health at older age. This research will identify cardiovascular biomarkers that best resemble underlying cardiovascular risk in age and disease. The integrated approach will help define new recommendations for treatment guidance of exercise therapy in an aging population. ClinicalTrials. gov: NCT02796976; registered 02 June 2016 (retrospectively registered).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Streese
- Division of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Arne Deiseroth
- Division of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Juliane Schäfer
- Division of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Arno Schmidt-Trucksäss
- Division of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Henner Hanssen
- Division of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Howden EJ, Sarma S, Lawley JS, Opondo M, Cornwell W, Stoller D, Urey MA, Adams-Huet B, Levine BD. Reversing the Cardiac Effects of Sedentary Aging in Middle Age-A Randomized Controlled Trial: Implications For Heart Failure Prevention. Circulation 2018; 137:1549-1560. [PMID: 29311053 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.117.030617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor fitness in middle age is a risk factor for heart failure, particularly heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction. The development of heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction is likely mediated through increased left ventricular (LV) stiffness, a consequence of sedentary aging. In a prospective, parallel group, randomized controlled trial, we examined the effect of 2 years of supervised high-intensity exercise training on LV stiffness. METHODS Sixty-one (48% male) healthy, sedentary, middle-aged participants (53±5 years) were randomly assigned to either 2 years of exercise training (n=34) or attention control (control; n=27). Right heart catheterization and 3-dimensional echocardiography were performed with preload manipulations to define LV end-diastolic pressure-volume relationships and Frank-Starling curves. LV stiffness was calculated by curve fit of the diastolic pressure-volume curve. Maximal oxygen uptake (Vo2max) was measured to quantify changes in fitness. RESULTS Fifty-three participants completed the study. Adherence to prescribed exercise sessions was 88±11%. Vo2max increased by 18% (exercise training: pre 29.0±4.8 to post 34.4±6.4; control: pre 29.5±5.3 to post 28.7±5.4, group×time P<0.001) and LV stiffness was reduced (right/downward shift in the end-diastolic pressure-volume relationships; preexercise training stiffness constant 0.072±0.037 to postexercise training 0.051±0.0268, P=0.0018), whereas there was no change in controls (group×time P<0.001; pre stiffness constant 0.0635±0.026 to post 0.062±0.031, P=0.83). Exercise increased LV end-diastolic volume (group×time P<0.001), whereas pulmonary capillary wedge pressure was unchanged, providing greater stroke volume for any given filling pressure (loading×group×time P=0.007). CONCLUSIONS In previously sedentary healthy middle-aged adults, 2 years of exercise training improved maximal oxygen uptake and decreased cardiac stiffness. Regular exercise training may provide protection against the future risk of heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction by preventing the increase in cardiac stiffness attributable to sedentary aging. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT02039154.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin J Howden
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital, Dallas (E.J.H., S.S., J.S.L., M.O., W.C., D.S., M.A.U., B.D.L.).,University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (E.J.H., S.S., J.S.L., D.S., M.A.U., B.A.-H., B.D.L.).,The Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (E.J.H.)
| | - Satyam Sarma
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital, Dallas (E.J.H., S.S., J.S.L., M.O., W.C., D.S., M.A.U., B.D.L.).,University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (E.J.H., S.S., J.S.L., D.S., M.A.U., B.A.-H., B.D.L.)
| | - Justin S Lawley
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital, Dallas (E.J.H., S.S., J.S.L., M.O., W.C., D.S., M.A.U., B.D.L.).,University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (E.J.H., S.S., J.S.L., D.S., M.A.U., B.A.-H., B.D.L.)
| | - Mildred Opondo
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital, Dallas (E.J.H., S.S., J.S.L., M.O., W.C., D.S., M.A.U., B.D.L.).,Stanford University, CA (M.O.)
| | - William Cornwell
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital, Dallas (E.J.H., S.S., J.S.L., M.O., W.C., D.S., M.A.U., B.D.L.).,University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (W.C.)
| | - Douglas Stoller
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital, Dallas (E.J.H., S.S., J.S.L., M.O., W.C., D.S., M.A.U., B.D.L.).,University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (E.J.H., S.S., J.S.L., D.S., M.A.U., B.A.-H., B.D.L.)
| | - Marcus A Urey
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital, Dallas (E.J.H., S.S., J.S.L., M.O., W.C., D.S., M.A.U., B.D.L.).,University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (E.J.H., S.S., J.S.L., D.S., M.A.U., B.A.-H., B.D.L.)
| | - Beverley Adams-Huet
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (E.J.H., S.S., J.S.L., D.S., M.A.U., B.A.-H., B.D.L.)
| | - Benjamin D Levine
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital, Dallas (E.J.H., S.S., J.S.L., M.O., W.C., D.S., M.A.U., B.D.L.). .,University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (E.J.H., S.S., J.S.L., D.S., M.A.U., B.A.-H., B.D.L.)
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Beaumont A, Campbell A, Grace F, Sculthorpe N. Cardiac Response to Exercise in Normal Ageing: What Can We Learn from Masters Athletes? Curr Cardiol Rev 2018; 14:245-253. [PMID: 30095058 PMCID: PMC6300801 DOI: 10.2174/1573403x14666180810155513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ageing is associated with an inexorable decline in cardiac and vascular function, resulting in an increased risk of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD). Lifestyle factors such as exercise have emerged as a primary therapeutic target in the prevention of CVD, yet older individuals are frequently reported as being the least active, with few meeting the recommended physical activity guidelines. In contrast, well trained older individuals (Masters athletes) have superior functional capacity than their sedentary peers and are often comparable with young non-athletes. Therefore, the 'masters' athlete may be viewed as a unique non-pharmacological model which may allow researchers to disentangle the inexorable from the preventable and the magnitude of the unavoidable 'true' reduction in cardiac function due to ageing. CONCLUSION This review examines evidence from studies which have compared cardiac structure and function in well trained older athletes, with age-matched controls but otherwise healthy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Beaumont
- Address correspondence to this author at the Institute of Clinical Exercise and Health Science, University of the West of Scotland, G72 0LH, Scotland; E-mail:
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Vigano A, Kasvis P, Di Tomasso J, Gillis C, Kilgour R, Carli F. Pearls of optimizing nutrition and physical performance of older adults undergoing cancer therapy. J Geriatr Oncol 2017; 8:428-436. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgo.2017.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Cicek G, Imamoglu O, Gullu A, Celik O, Ozcan O, Gullu E, Yamaner F. The effect of exercises on left ventricular systolic and diastolic heart function in sedentary women: Step-aerobic vs core exercises. J Exerc Sci Fit 2017. [PMID: 29541135 PMCID: PMC5812836 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of 16 weeks step-aerobic exercises and core exercises on left ventricular structure and function with some physiological parameters in sedentary women. Methods To achieve the purpose of this study, a total of 45 volunteers including (step-aerobic group (SAG, n = 25), core exercise group (CEG, n = 20) were selected as participants. Two different exercises were applied for 4 days a week, throughout 16 weeks, within 60 minutes for each exercise with the intensity of heart rate (HR) 60-70 percent. The HR was measured using a heart rate monitor for each subject. The physical, biochemical and echocardiographic characteristics of the women were measured before and after the exercise. Results During the exercise periods, there were a meaningful decrease in the body weight, BMI, value of waist region and hip circumference of the women in both intervention groups as well as in the values of HR, DBP, SBP (p < 0,05). In addition, serum homocysteine (Hcy) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP) levels decreased and the VO2max and left ventricular diastolic end-diastolic dimension increased in both SAG and CEG (p < 0.05). The left ventricular diastolic functions of the SAG improved more than CEG. Left ventricular systolic ejection time and fractional shortening meaningfully improved in both SAG and CEG (p < 0.01). Conclusion 16 weeks of step-aerobic and core exercise showed significant changes of inflammatory and lipid markers with cardiac dimensions and had favorable effects on both left ventricular systolic function. Left ventricular diastolic function had more improved in SAG than the CEG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guner Cicek
- Physical Education and Sport High School, Hitit University, Çorum, Turkey
| | - Osman Imamoglu
- Faculty of YasarDogu Sports Sciences, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Gullu
- Physical Education and Sport High School, Hitit University, Çorum, Turkey
| | - Oguzhan Celik
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Oguzhan Ozcan
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Esin Gullu
- Physical Education and Sport High School, Hitit University, Çorum, Turkey
| | - Faruk Yamaner
- Physical Education and Sport High School, Hitit University, Çorum, Turkey
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Xiao L, He H, Ma L, Da M, Cheng S, Duan Y, Wang Q, Wu H, Song X, Duan W, Tian Z, Hou Y. Effects of miR-29a and miR-101a Expression on Myocardial Interstitial Collagen Generation After Aerobic Exercise in Myocardial-infarcted Rats. Arch Med Res 2017; 48:27-34. [PMID: 28577867 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Myocardial infarction (MI) is accompanied by increased collagen deposition, cell necrosis and angiogenesis in cardiac tissue, which results in reduced ventricular compliance. Both microRNA-29a (miR-29a) and microRNA-101a (miR-101a) target the mRNAs encoding collagens and other proteins involved in fibrosis. METHODS We assessed the effects of intermittent aerobic exercise on the expression of cardiac miR-29a and miR-101a and following effects on the TGFβ, fos, Smad2/3, COL1A1 and COL3A1 in MI model of rats. Intermittent aerobic exercise for MI rats was begun from the second week and ended at the ninth week postsurgery. Expressions of microRNAs (miRNAs) and fibrosis-associated genes were detected from the infarction adjacent region located in the left ventricle. The heart coefficient (HC = heart weight/body weight) and hemodynamics assay were used to evaluate cardiac function level. RESULTS Intermittent aerobic exercise inhibited myocardial interstitial collagen deposition and significantly improved cardiac function of MI rats. The results of real-time PCR and Western blot indicate that intermittent aerobic exercise enhanced the expression of miR-29a and miR-101a and inhibited TGFβ pathway in the MI rats. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that controlled intermittent aerobic exercise can inhibit TGFβ pathway via up-regulation to the expression of miR-29a and miR-101a and finally cause a reduced fibrosis and scar formation in cardiac tissue. We believe that controlled intermittent aerobic exercise is beneficial to the healing and discovery of damaged cardiac tissues and their function after MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xiao
- Co-Innovation Center for Qinba Region Sustainable Development, Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huimin He
- Co-Innovation Center for Qinba Region Sustainable Development, Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lele Ma
- Co-Innovation Center for Qinba Region Sustainable Development, Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Miaomiao Da
- Co-Innovation Center for Qinba Region Sustainable Development, Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sinan Cheng
- Co-Innovation Center for Qinba Region Sustainable Development, Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Duan
- Co-Innovation Center for Qinba Region Sustainable Development, Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Co-Innovation Center for Qinba Region Sustainable Development, Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huayi Wu
- The High School Affiliated to Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xigui Song
- The High School Affiliated to Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Duan
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, Australia
| | - Zhenjun Tian
- Co-Innovation Center for Qinba Region Sustainable Development, Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yingchun Hou
- Co-Innovation Center for Qinba Region Sustainable Development, Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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Ó Hartaigh B, Lovato LC, Pahor M, Buford TW, Dodson JA, Forman DE, Buman MP, Demons JL, Santanasto AJ, Liu C, Miller ME, McDermott MM, Gill TM. Effect of a Long-Term Physical Activity Intervention on Resting Pulse Rate in Older Persons: Results from the Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders Study. J Am Geriatr Soc 2016; 64:2511-2516. [PMID: 27787876 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.14380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the utility of a long-term physical activity (PA) intervention for reducing resting pulse rate (RPR) in older persons. DESIGN Community. SETTING Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders Study. PARTICIPANTS Individuals aged 70 to 89 (N = 1,635, 67.2% women) were randomized to a moderate-intensity PA intervention (n = 818) or a health education-based successful aging (SA) intervention (n = 817). MEASUREMENTS RPR was recorded at baseline and 6, 18, and 30 months. Longitudinal changes in RPR of intervention groups were compared using a mixed-effects analysis of covariance model for repeated-measure outcomes, generating least squares means with standard errors (SEs) or 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS Mean duration of the study was 2.6 years (median 2.7 years, interquartile range 2.3-3.1 years). The average effect of the PA intervention on RPR over the course of the study period was statistically significant but clinically small (average intervention difference = 0.84 beats/min; 95% CI = 0.17-1.51; Paverage = .01), with the most pronounced effect observed at 18 months (PA, 66.5 beats/min (SE 0.32 beats/min); SA, 67.8 beats/min (SE 0.32 beats/min); difference = 1.37 beats/min, 95% CI = 0.48-2.26 beats/min). The relationship became somewhat weaker and was not statistically significant at 30 months. There were no significant differences between several prespecified subgroups. CONCLUSION A long-term moderate-intensity PA program was associated with a small and clinically insignificant slowing of RPR in older persons. Whether PA can deliver a beneficial reduction in RPR requires further examination in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bríain Ó Hartaigh
- Department of Radiology, Dalio Institute of Cardiovascular Imaging, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, New York.,Section of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Laura C Lovato
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, North Carolina
| | - Marco Pahor
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Thomas W Buford
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - John A Dodson
- School of Medicine, New York University, New York City, New York
| | - Daniel E Forman
- Geriatric Cardiology Section, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Matthew P Buman
- School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Jamehl L Demons
- Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, North Carolina
| | - Adam J Santanasto
- Center for Aging and Population Health, Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Christine Liu
- Section of Geriatrics, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael E Miller
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, North Carolina
| | | | - Thomas M Gill
- Section of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
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Carrick-Ranson G, Fujimoto N, Shafer KM, Hastings JL, Shibata S, Palmer MD, Boyd K, Levine BD. The effect of 1 year of Alagebrium and moderate-intensity exercise training on left ventricular function during exercise in seniors: a randomized controlled trial. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2016; 121:528-36. [PMID: 27402556 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00021.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sedentary aging leads to left ventricular (LV) and vascular stiffening due in part to advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) cross-linking of extracellular matrix proteins. Vigorous lifelong exercise ameliorates age-related cardiovascular (CV) stiffening and enhances exercise LV function, although this effect is limited when exercise is initiated later in life. We hypothesized that exercise training might be more effective at improving the impact of age-related CV stiffening during exercise when combined with an AGE cross-link breaker (Alagebrium). Sixty-two seniors (≥60 yr) were randomized into four groups: sedentary + placebo, sedentary + Alagebrium, exercise + placebo, and exercise + Alagebrium for 1 yr. Moderate-intensity aerobic exercise was performed 3-4 sessions/wk; controls underwent similar frequency of yoga/balance training. Twenty-four similarly-aged, lifelong exercisers (4-5 sessions/wk) served as a comparator for the effect of lifelong exercise on exercising LV function. Oxygen uptake (Douglas bags), stroke index (SI; acetylene rebreathing), and effective arterial elastance (Ea) were collected at rest and submaximal and maximal exercise. Maximum O2 uptake (23 ± 5 to 25 ± 6 ml·kg(-1)·min(-1)) increased, while SI (35 ± 11 to 39 ± 12 ml/m(2)) and Ea (4.0 ± 1.1 to 3.7 ± 1.2 mmHg·ml(-1)·m(-2)) were improved across all conditions with exercise, but remained unchanged in controls (exercise × time, P ≤ 0.018). SI or Ea were not affected by Alagebrium (medication × time, P ≥ 0.468) or its combination with exercise (interaction P ≥ 0.252). After 1 yr of exercise plus Alagebrium, exercise SI and Ea remained substantially below that of lifelong exercisers (15-24 and 9-22%, respectively, P ≤ 0.415). In conclusion, Alagebrium plus exercise had no synergistic effect on exercise LV function and failed to achieve levels associated with lifelong exercise, despite a similar exercise frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme Carrick-Ranson
- University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas; Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian, Dallas, Texas
| | - Naoki Fujimoto
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas; Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian, Dallas, Texas
| | - Keri M Shafer
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas
| | - Jeffrey L Hastings
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas; Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian, Dallas, Texas; Veteran Affairs North Texas Health Care System, Dallas, Texas
| | - Shigeki Shibata
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas; Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian, Dallas, Texas
| | - M Dean Palmer
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian, Dallas, Texas
| | - Kara Boyd
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian, Dallas, Texas
| | - Benjamin D Levine
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas; Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian, Dallas, Texas;
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Hwang CL, Yoo JK, Kim HK, Hwang MH, Handberg EM, Petersen JW, Christou DD. Novel all-extremity high-intensity interval training improves aerobic fitness, cardiac function and insulin resistance in healthy older adults. Exp Gerontol 2016; 82:112-9. [PMID: 27346646 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2016.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Aging is associated with decreased aerobic fitness and cardiac remodeling leading to increased risk for cardiovascular disease. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) on the treadmill has been reported to be more effective in ameliorating these risk factors compared with moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) in patients with cardiometabolic disease. In older adults, however, weight-bearing activities are frequently limited due to musculoskeletal and balance problems. The purpose of this study was to examine the feasibility and safety of non-weight-bearing all-extremity HIIT in older adults. In addition, we tested the hypothesis that all-extremity HIIT will be more effective in improving aerobic fitness, cardiac function, and metabolic risk factors compared with all-extremity MICT. Fifty-one healthy sedentary older adults (age: 65±1years) were randomized to HIIT (n=17), MICT (n=18) or non-exercise control (CONT; n=16). HIIT (4×4min 90% of peak heart rate; HRpeak) and isocaloric MICT (70% of HRpeak) were performed on a non-weight-bearing all-extremity ergometer, 4×/week for 8weeks under supervision. All-extremity HIIT was feasible in older adults and resulted in no adverse events. Aerobic fitness (peak oxygen consumption; VO2peak) and ejection fraction (echocardiography) improved by 11% (P<0.0001) and 4% (P=0.001), respectively in HIIT, while no changes were observed in MICT and CONT (P≥0.1). Greater improvements in ejection fraction were associated with greater improvements in VO2peak (r=0.57; P<0.0001). Insulin resistance (homeostatic model assessment) decreased only in HIIT by 26% (P=0.016). Diastolic function, body composition, glucose and lipids were unaffected (P≥0.1). In conclusion, all-extremity HIIT is feasible and safe in older adults. HIIT, but not MICT, improved aerobic fitness, ejection fraction, and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chueh-Lung Hwang
- Dept of Applied Physiology & Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Jeung-Ki Yoo
- Dept of Applied Physiology & Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Han-Kyul Kim
- Dept of Applied Physiology & Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Moon-Hyon Hwang
- Dept of Applied Physiology & Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States; Division of Health and Exercise Science, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eileen M Handberg
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - John W Petersen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Demetra D Christou
- Dept of Applied Physiology & Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
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Reed JL, Pipe AL. Practical Approaches to Prescribing Physical Activity and Monitoring Exercise Intensity. Can J Cardiol 2016; 32:514-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2015.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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Hollekim-Strand SM, Høydahl SF, Follestad T, Dalen H, Bjørgaas MR, Wisløff U, Ingul CB. Exercise Training Normalizes Timing of Left Ventricular Untwist Rate, but Not Peak Untwist Rate, in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes and Diastolic Dysfunction: A Pilot Study. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2016; 29:421-430.e2. [PMID: 26948543 DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is limited information regarding the role of left ventricular (LV) twist and the effect of exercise in type 2 diabetes (T2D). The aim of this study was to compare LV twist parameters in patients with T2D versus healthy control subjects and the effects of high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) and moderate-intensity exercise (MIE) on LV twist in patients with T2D with diastolic dysfunction. METHODS This study, which included both prospective and retrospective components, included 47 patients with T2D and diastolic dysfunction and 37 healthy individuals. Patients with T2D were randomized to HIIE (4 × 4 min at 90%-95% of maximal heart rate, three times a week, 120 min/wk; n = 24) or MIE (210 min/wk; n = 23) for 12 weeks and examined with echocardiography (LV twist by speckle-tracking method) at baseline and posttest. The control subjects received no intervention and were matched according to age, gender, and body mass index to those completing the intervention. RESULTS In total, 37 subjects completed 12 weeks of MIE (n = 17) or HIIE (n = 20). LV peak untwist rate (UTR) was similar in patients with T2D and control subjects (P ˃ .05). At baseline, LV peak UTR, relative to total diastolic period, occurred 5.8 percentage points later in patients with T2D compared with control subjects (P = .004). Time to peak UTR was shortened by 6.5 percentage points (P = .002) and 7.7 percentage points (P < .001) after MIE and HIIE, respectively. Time to peak UTR was similar to that in control subjects after exercise interventions. CONCLUSIONS In patients with T2D and diastolic dysfunction, LV peak UTR was similar, but time to peak LV UTR was delayed compared with control subjects. Twelve weeks of endurance exercise normalized the timing of UTR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siri Marte Hollekim-Strand
- K. G. Jebsen Centre of Exercise in Medicine at the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sigve Fredrik Høydahl
- K. G. Jebsen Centre of Exercise in Medicine at the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Turid Follestad
- Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Håvard Dalen
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Medicine, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Health Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Marit Rokne Bjørgaas
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Endocrinology, St Olav's Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ulrik Wisløff
- K. G. Jebsen Centre of Exercise in Medicine at the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Charlotte Björk Ingul
- K. G. Jebsen Centre of Exercise in Medicine at the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
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Malmo V, Nes BM, Amundsen BH, Tjonna AE, Stoylen A, Rossvoll O, Wisloff U, Loennechen JP. Aerobic Interval Training Reduces the Burden of Atrial Fibrillation in the Short Term. Circulation 2016; 133:466-73. [DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.115.018220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vegard Malmo
- From the K.G. Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine (V.M., B.M.N., A.-E.T., U.W., J.P.L.), Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging (B.H.A., A.S., O.R.), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; and Department of Cardiology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway (V.M., B.H.A., A.S., O.R., J.P.L.)
| | - Bjarne M. Nes
- From the K.G. Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine (V.M., B.M.N., A.-E.T., U.W., J.P.L.), Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging (B.H.A., A.S., O.R.), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; and Department of Cardiology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway (V.M., B.H.A., A.S., O.R., J.P.L.)
| | - Brage H. Amundsen
- From the K.G. Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine (V.M., B.M.N., A.-E.T., U.W., J.P.L.), Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging (B.H.A., A.S., O.R.), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; and Department of Cardiology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway (V.M., B.H.A., A.S., O.R., J.P.L.)
| | - Arnt-Erik Tjonna
- From the K.G. Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine (V.M., B.M.N., A.-E.T., U.W., J.P.L.), Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging (B.H.A., A.S., O.R.), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; and Department of Cardiology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway (V.M., B.H.A., A.S., O.R., J.P.L.)
| | - Asbjorn Stoylen
- From the K.G. Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine (V.M., B.M.N., A.-E.T., U.W., J.P.L.), Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging (B.H.A., A.S., O.R.), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; and Department of Cardiology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway (V.M., B.H.A., A.S., O.R., J.P.L.)
| | - Ole Rossvoll
- From the K.G. Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine (V.M., B.M.N., A.-E.T., U.W., J.P.L.), Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging (B.H.A., A.S., O.R.), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; and Department of Cardiology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway (V.M., B.H.A., A.S., O.R., J.P.L.)
| | - Ulrik Wisloff
- From the K.G. Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine (V.M., B.M.N., A.-E.T., U.W., J.P.L.), Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging (B.H.A., A.S., O.R.), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; and Department of Cardiology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway (V.M., B.H.A., A.S., O.R., J.P.L.)
| | - Jan P. Loennechen
- From the K.G. Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine (V.M., B.M.N., A.-E.T., U.W., J.P.L.), Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging (B.H.A., A.S., O.R.), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; and Department of Cardiology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway (V.M., B.H.A., A.S., O.R., J.P.L.)
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Turner MJ, Guderian S, Wikstrom EA, Huot JR, Peck BD, Arthur ST, Marino JS, Hubbard-Turner T. Altered left ventricular performance in aging physically active mice with an ankle sprain injury. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 38:15. [PMID: 26803818 PMCID: PMC5005884 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-016-9877-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We assessed the impact of differing physical activity levels throughout the lifespan, using a musculoskeletal injury model, on the age-related changes in left ventricular (LV) parameters in active mice. Forty male mice (CBA/J) were randomly placed into one of three running wheel groups (transected CFL group, transected ATFL/CFL group, SHAM group) or a SHAM Sedentary group (SHAMSED). Before surgery and every 6 weeks after surgery, LV parameters were measured under 2.5 % isoflurane inhalation. Group effects for daily distance run was significantly greater for the SHAM and lesser for the ATLF/CFL mice (p = 0.013) with distance run decreasing with age for all mice (p < 0.0001). Beginning at 6 months of age, interaction (group × age) was noted with LV posterior wall thickness-to-radius ratios (h/r) where h/r increased with age in the ATFL/CFL and SHAMSED mice while the SHAM and CFL mice exhibited decreased h/r with age (p = 0.0002). Passive filling velocity (E wave) was significantly greater in the SHAM mice and lowest for the ATFL/CFL and SHAMSED mice (p < 0.0001) beginning at 9 months of age. Active filling velocity (A wave) was not different between groups (p = 0.10). Passive-to-active filling velocity ratio (E/A ratio) was different between groups (p < 0.0001), with higher ratios for the SHAM mice and lower ratios for the ATFL/CFL and SHAMSED mice in response to physical activity beginning at 9 months of age. Passive-to-active filling velocity ratio decreased with age (p < 0.0001). Regular physical activity throughout the lifespan improved LV structure, passive filling velocity, and E/A ratio by 6 to 9 months of age and attenuated any negative alterations throughout the second half of life. The diastolic filling differences were found to be significantly related to the amount of activity performed by 9 months and at the end of the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Turner
- Laboratory of Systems Physiology, Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA.
| | - Sophie Guderian
- Laboratory of Systems Physiology, Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Erik A Wikstrom
- Biodynamics Research Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
- Center for Biomedical Engineering & Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Joshua R Huot
- Laboratory of Systems Physiology, Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Bailey D Peck
- Laboratory of Systems Physiology, Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Susan T Arthur
- Laboratory of Systems Physiology, Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Joseph S Marino
- Laboratory of Systems Physiology, Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Tricia Hubbard-Turner
- Biodynamics Research Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
- Center for Biomedical Engineering & Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
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Olsen RH, Couppé C, Dall CH, Monk-Hansen T, Mikkelsen UR, Karlsen A, Høst NB, Magnusson SP, Prescott E. Age-related decline in mitral peak diastolic velocities is unaffected in well-trained runners. SCAND CARDIOVASC J 2015; 49:183-92. [PMID: 25968969 DOI: 10.3109/14017431.2015.1049654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We examined whether diastolic left ventricular function in young and senior lifelong endurance runners was significantly different from that in sedentary age-matched controls, and whether lifelong endurance running appears to modify the age-related decline in diastolic left ventricular function. DESIGN The study comprised 17 senior athletes (age: 59-75 years, running distance: 30-70 km/week), 10 young athletes (age: 20-36 years, matched for running distance), and 11 senior and 12 young weight-matched sedentary controls. Peak early (E) and late (A) mitral inflow and early (e') and late (a') diastolic and systolic (s') annular longitudinal tissue Doppler velocities were measured by echocardiography during four stages (rest, supine bike exercise at 30% and 60% of maximal workload, and recovery). RESULTS The athletes had marked cardiac remodeling, while overall differences in mitral inflow and annular tissue Doppler velocities during rest and exercise were more associated with age than with training status. The senior participants had lower E/A at rest, overall lower E, e' and s', and greater E/e' compared to the young participants (all values of P < 0.05). The athletes had greater E/A (P = 0.004), but tissue Doppler velocities were not different from those of the controls. CONCLUSIONS Lifelong endurance running was not found to be associated with major attenuation of the age-related decline in diastolic function at rest or during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus Huan Olsen
- Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
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How to Be 80 Year Old and Have a VO2max of a 35 Year Old. Case Rep Med 2015; 2015:909561. [PMID: 25788946 PMCID: PMC4348610 DOI: 10.1155/2015/909561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. To discuss the cardiovascular and pulmonary physiology and common risk factors of an 80-year-old man with a world record maximal oxygen uptake of 50 mL·kg−1·min−1. Methods. Case report. Results. His maximal oxygen uptake of 3.31 L·min−1, maximal heart rate of 175 beats·min−1, and maximal oxygen pulse of 19 mL·beats−1 are high. He is lean (66.6 kg) and muscular (49% skeletal muscle mass). His echo parameters of mitral flow (left ventricular filling, E = 82 cm·s−1 and E/A = 1.2) were normal for 40- to 60-year-old men. Systolic and diastolic function increased adequately during exercise, with no increase in left ventricular filling pressure. He has excellent pulmonary function (FVC = 4.31 L, FEV1 = 3.41, FEV1/FVC = 0.79, and DLCO = 12.0 Si1) and normal FMD and blood volumes (5.8 L). He has a high level of daily activity (10,900 steps·day−1 and 2:51 hours·day−1 of physical activity) and a lifelong history of physical activity. Conclusion. The man is in excellent cardiopulmonary fitness and is highly physically active. His cardiac and pulmonary functions are above expectations for his age, and his VO2max is comparable to that of an inactive 25-year-old and of a normal, active 35-year-old Norwegian man.
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Stensvold D, Viken H, Rognmo Ø, Skogvoll E, Steinshamn S, Vatten LJ, Coombes JS, Anderssen SA, Magnussen J, Ingebrigtsen JE, Fiatarone Singh MA, Langhammer A, Støylen A, Helbostad JL, Wisløff U. A randomised controlled study of the long-term effects of exercise training on mortality in elderly people: study protocol for the Generation 100 study. BMJ Open 2015; 5:e007519. [PMID: 25678546 PMCID: PMC4330327 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-007519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Epidemiological studies suggest that exercise has a tremendous preventative effect on morbidity and premature death, but these findings need to be confirmed by randomised trials. Generation 100 is a randomised, controlled study where the primary aim is to evaluate the effects of 5 years of exercise training on mortality in an elderly population. METHODS AND ANALYSIS All men and women born in the years 1936-1942 (n=6966), who were residents of Trondheim, Norway, were invited to participate. Between August 2012 and June 2013, a total of 1567 individuals (790 women) were included and randomised to either 5 years of two weekly sessions of high-intensity training (10 min warm-up followed by 4×4 min intervals at ∼90% of peak heart rate) or, moderate-intensity training (50 min of continuous work at ∼70% of peak heart rate), or to a control group that followed physical activity advice according to national recommendations. Clinical examinations, physical tests and questionnaires will be administered to all participants at baseline, and after 1, 3 and 5 years. Participants will also be followed up by linking to health registries until year 2035. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study has been conducted according to the SPIRIT statement. All participants signed a written consent form, and the study has been approved by the Regional Committee for Medical Research Ethics, Norway. Projects such as this are warranted in the literature, and we expect that data from this study will result in numerous papers published in world-leading clinical journals; we will also present the results at international and national conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01666340.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorthe Stensvold
- KG Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine at Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Hallgeir Viken
- KG Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine at Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Øivind Rognmo
- KG Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine at Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Eirik Skogvoll
- St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sigurd Steinshamn
- KG Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine at Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital,Trondheim, Norway
| | - Lars J Vatten
- KG Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine at Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jeff S Coombes
- School of Human Movement Studies, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sigmund A Anderssen
- Department of Sports Medicine, The Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jon Magnussen
- Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jan Erik Ingebrigtsen
- Institute for Science in Sport, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Maria A Fiatarone Singh
- Exercise Health and Performance Faculty Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Lidcombe, Australia
- Hebrew Senior Life, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Arnulf Langhammer
- Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Asbjørn Støylen
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Cardiology, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jorunn L Helbostad
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Clinic for Clinical Services, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ulrik Wisløff
- KG Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine at Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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O'Hartaigh B, Pahor M, Buford TW, Dodson JA, Forman DE, Gill TM. Physical activity and resting pulse rate in older adults: findings from a randomized controlled trial. Am Heart J 2014; 168:597-604. [PMID: 25262271 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2014.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated resting pulse rate (RPR) is a well-recognized risk factor for adverse outcomes. Epidemiological evidence supports the beneficial effects of regular exercise for lowering RPR, but studies are mainly confined to persons younger than 65 years. We set out to evaluate the utility of a physical activity (PA) intervention for slowing RPR among older adults. METHODS A total of 424 seniors (ages 70-89 years) were randomized to a moderate intensity PA intervention or an education-based "successful aging" health program. Resting pulse rate was assessed at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. Longitudinal differences in RPR were evaluated between treatment groups using generalized estimating equation models, reporting unstandardized β coefficients with robust SEs. RESULTS Increased frequency and duration of aerobic training were observed for the PA group at 6 and 12 months as compared with the successful aging group (P < .001). In both groups, RPR remained unchanged over the course of the 12-month study period (P = .67). No significant improvement was observed (β [SE] = 0.58 [0.88]; P = .51) for RPR when treatment groups were compared using the generalized estimating equation method. Comparable results were found after omitting participants with a pacemaker, cardiac arrhythmia, or who were receiving β-blockers. CONCLUSIONS Twelve months of moderate intensity aerobic training did not improve RPR among older adults. Additional studies are needed to determine whether PA of longer duration and/or greater intensity can slow RPR in older persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bríain O'Hartaigh
- Dalio Institute of Cardiovascular Imaging, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Department of Internal Medicine/Section of Geriatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.
| | - Marco Pahor
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL
| | - Thomas W Buford
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL
| | - John A Dodson
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Daniel E Forman
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Thomas M Gill
- Department of Internal Medicine/Section of Geriatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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Moholdt T, Madssen E, Rognmo Ø, Aamot IL. The higher the better? Interval training intensity in coronary heart disease. J Sci Med Sport 2014; 17:506-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2013.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Donath L, Kurz E, Roth R, Hanssen H, Schmidt-Trucksäss A, Zahner L, Faude O. Does a single session of high-intensity interval training provoke a transient elevated risk of falling in seniors and adults? Gerontology 2014; 61:15-23. [PMID: 25138109 DOI: 10.1159/000363767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Balance and strength training can reduce seniors' fall risk up to 50%. Available evidence suggests that acute bouts of neuromuscular and endurance exercise deteriorate postural control. High-intensity endurance training has been successfully applied in different populations. Thus, it seemed valuable to examine the acute effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on neuromuscular performance in seniors and young adults. OBJECTIVE The acute impact of a HIIT session on balance performance and muscle activity after exercise cessation and during post-exercise recovery was examined in young and old adults. We intended to investigate whether a transient exercise-induced fall-risk may occur in both groups. METHODS 20 healthy seniors (age 70 (SD 4) years) and young adults (age 27 (SD 3) years) were examined on 3 days. After exhaustive ramp-like treadmill testing in order to determine maximal heart rate (HRmax) on the first day, either a 4 × 4 min HIIT at 90% of HRmax or a control condition (CON) was randomly performed on the second and third day, respectively. Balance performance (postural sway) was assessed during single limb stance with open eyes (SLEO) and double limb stance with closed eyes (DLEC). EMG was recorded for the soleus (SOL), anterior tibialis (TIB), gastrocnemius (GM) and peroneus longus (PL) muscles at the dominant leg. All measures were collected before, immediately as well as 10, 30 and 45 min after HIIT and CON, respectively. RESULTS Compared to CON, HIIT induced significant increases of postural sway immediately after exercise cessation during SLEO in both groups (adults: p < 0.001, Δ = +25% sway; seniors: p = 0.007, Δ = +15% sway). Increased sway during DLEC was only found for seniors immediately and 10 min after HIIT (post: p = 0.003, Δ = +14% sway, 10 min post: p = 0.004, Δ = +18% sway). Muscle activity was increased during SLEO for TIB until 10 min post in seniors (0.008 < p < 0.03) and immediately after HIIT in adults (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION HIIT training may cause an acute 'open-fall-window' with a transient impairment of balance performance for at least 10 min after exercise cessation in both groups. Occluded vision in seniors seems to prolong this period up to 30 min. Thus, the advantage of HIIT with regard to time efficiency seems debatable when considering transient HIIT-induced impairments of neuromuscular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Donath
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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40
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Ćorović A, Griffiths R. Pre-habilitation (ii): time for a patient-doctor contract? Anaesthesia 2014; 69:407-10. [DOI: 10.1111/anae.12665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Ćorović
- Peterborough City Hospital; Peterborough UK
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Saevereid HA, Schnohr P, Prescott E. Speed and duration of walking and other leisure time physical activity and the risk of heart failure: a prospective cohort study from the Copenhagen City Heart Study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89909. [PMID: 24621514 PMCID: PMC3951187 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Physical activity (PA) confers some protection against development of heart failure (HF) but little is known of the role of intensity and duration of exercise. METHODS AND RESULTS In a prospective cohort study of men and women free of previous MI, stroke or HF with one or more examinations in 1976-2003, we studied the association between updated self-assessed leisure-time PA, speed and duration of walking and subsequent hospitalization or death from HF. Light and moderate/high level of leisure-time PA and brisk walking were associated with reduced risk of HF in both genders whereas no consistent association with duration of walking was seen. In 18,209 subjects age 20-80 with 1580 cases of HF, using the lowest activity level as reference, the confounder-adjusted hazard ratios (HR) for light and moderate/high leisure-time physical activity were 0.75 (0.66-0.86) and 0.80 (0.69-0.93), respectively. In 9,937 subjects with information on walking available and 542 cases of HF, moderate and high walking speed were associated with adjusted HRs of 0.53 (0.43-0.66) and 0.30 (0.21-0.44), respectively, and daily walking of ½-1 hrs, 1-2 and >2 hrs with HR of 0.80 (0.61-1.06), 0.82 (0.62-1.06), and 0.96 (0.73-1.27), respectively. Results were similar for both genders and remained robust after exclusion of HF related to coronary heart disease and after a series of sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS Speed rather than duration of walking was associated with reduced risk of HF. Walking is the most wide-spread PA and public health measures to curb the increase in HF may benefit from this information.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Schnohr
- The Copenhagen City Heart Study, Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eva Prescott
- Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Copenhagen City Heart Study, Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Pedrizzetti G, Mangual J, Tonti G. On the geometrical relationship between global longitudinal strain and ejection fraction in the evaluation of cardiac contraction. J Biomech 2013; 47:746-9. [PMID: 24411099 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2013.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Ejection fraction (EF) and global longitudinal strain (GLS) provide measures of left ventricle (LV) contraction that are closely related and also reflect different aspects of systolic function. Their comparative analysis can be informative about additional physiological properties on how LV contraction is achieved. The mathematical underlying relationship between EF and the GLS has been exploited and verified through data collected from recent literature. It was demonstrated that GLS and EF are bi-univocally related in the case of a self-similar systolic contraction. The deviation from this relationship, which can be quantified in terms of a shape function, characterizes the change of LV shape during the contraction. This analysis provides a firm ground to highlight the incremental information carried by GLS in the clinical evaluation of cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianni Pedrizzetti
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, P.le Europa 1.34127 Trieste, Italy; Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Jan Mangual
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tonti
- Advanced Medical Imaging Development s.r.l., Sulmona, Italy
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Jessup JA, Wang H, MacNamara LM, Presley TD, Kim-Shapiro DB, Zhang L, Chen AF, Groban L. Estrogen therapy, independent of timing, improves cardiac structure and function in oophorectomized mRen2.Lewis rats. Menopause 2013; 20:860-8. [PMID: 23481117 PMCID: PMC3690139 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0b013e318280589a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE mRen2.Lewis rats exhibit exacerbated increases in blood pressure, left ventricular (LV) remodeling, and diastolic impairment after the loss of estrogens. In this same model, depletion of estrogens has marked effects on the cardiac biopterin profile concomitant with suppressed nitric oxide release. With respect to the establishment of overt systolic hypertension after oophorectomy (OVX), we assessed the effects of timing long-term 17β-estradiol (E2) therapy on myocardial function, myocardial structure, and the cardiac nitric oxide system. METHODS OVX (n = 24) or sham operation (Sham; n = 13) was performed in 4-week-old female mRen2.Lewis rats. After randomization, OVX rats received E2 immediately (OVX + E2-early; n = 7), E2 at 11 weeks of age (OVX + E2-late; n = 8), or no E2 at all (OVX; n = 9). RESULTS E2-early was associated with lower body weight, less hypertension-related cardiac remodeling, and decreased LV filling pressure compared with OVX rats without E2 supplementation. E2-late similarly attenuated the adverse effects of ovarian hormone loss on tissue Doppler-derived LV filling pressures and perivascular fibrosis, and significantly improved myocardial relaxation or mitral annular velocity (e'). Early and late exposures to E2 decreased dihydrobiopterin, but only E2-late yielded significant increases in cardiac nitrite concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Although there are some similarities between E2-early and E2-late treatments in relation to preservation of diastolic function and cardiac structure after OVX, the lusitropic potential of E2 is most consistent with late supplementation. The cardioprotective effects of E2-late are independent of blood pressure and may have occurred through regulation of cardiac biopterins and nitric oxide production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jewell A. Jessup
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | | | - Tennille D. Presley
- Chemistry Department, Winston-Salem State University, Winston-Salem, NC
- Translational Science Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Daniel B. Kim-Shapiro
- Translational Science Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Lili Zhang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Alex F. Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- Vascular Surgery Research, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Leanne Groban
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
- Translational Science Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
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SPENCE ANGELAL, CARTER HOWARDH, MURRAY CONORP, OXBOROUGH DAVID, NAYLOR LOUISEH, GEORGE KEITHP, GREEN DANIELJ. Magnetic Resonance Imaging–Derived Right Ventricular Adaptations to Endurance versus Resistance Training. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2013; 45:534-41. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0b013e3182780b0e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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