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Yang X, Su XC, Xuan W. Genetically Encoded Photocaged Proteinogenic and Non-Proteinogenic Amino Acids. Chembiochem 2024:e202400393. [PMID: 38831474 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202400393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Photocaged amino acids could be genetically encoded into proteins via genetic code expansion (GCE) and constitute unique tools for innovative protein engineering. There are a number of photocaged proteinogenic amino acids that allow strategic conversion of proteins into their photocaged variants, thus enabling spatiotemporal and non-invasive regulation of protein functions using light. Meanwhile, there are a hand of photocaged non-proteinogenic amino acids that address the challenges in directly encoding certain non-canonical amino acids (ncAAs) that structurally resemble proteinogenic ones or possess highly reactive functional groups. Herein, we would like to summarize the efforts in encoding photocaged proteinogenic and non-proteinogenic amino acids, hoping to draw more attention to this fruitful and exciting scientific campaign.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Yang
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xun-Cheng Su
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Weimin Xuan
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
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Prauchner GRK, Ramires Junior OV, Rieder AS, Wyse ATS. Mild hyperhomocysteinemia alters oxidative stress profile via Nrf2, inflammation and cholinesterases in cardiovascular system of aged male rats. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 396:111028. [PMID: 38729282 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.111028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Homocysteine (Hcy) is an independent cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor, whose mechanisms are poorly understood. We aimed to explore mild hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) effects on oxidative status, inflammatory, and cholinesterase parameters in aged male Wistar rats (365 days old). Rats received subcutaneous Hcy (0.03 μmol/g body weight) twice daily for 30 days, followed by euthanasia, blood collection and heart dissection 12 h after the last injection. Results revealed increased dichlorofluorescein (DCF) levels in the heart and serum, alongside decreased antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase), reduced glutathione (GSH) content, and diminished acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the heart. Serum butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) levels also decreased. Furthermore, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) protein content decreased in both cytosolic and nuclear fractions, while cytosolic nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) p65 increased in the heart. Additionally, interleukins IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 showed elevated expression levels in the heart. These findings could suggest a connection between aging and HHcy in CVD. Reduced Nrf2 protein content and impaired antioxidant defenses, combined with inflammatory factors and altered cholinesterases activity, may contribute to understanding the impact of Hcy on cardiovascular dynamics. This study sheds light on the complex interplay between HHcy, oxidative stress, inflammation, and cholinesterases in CVD, providing valuable insights for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Ricardo Krupp Prauchner
- Laboratory of Neuroprotection and Neurometabolic Diseases, Department of Biochemistry, Wyse's Lab, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Osmar Vieira Ramires Junior
- Laboratory of Neuroprotection and Neurometabolic Diseases, Department of Biochemistry, Wyse's Lab, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Schmitt Rieder
- Laboratory of Neuroprotection and Neurometabolic Diseases, Department of Biochemistry, Wyse's Lab, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Angela T S Wyse
- Laboratory of Neuroprotection and Neurometabolic Diseases, Department of Biochemistry, Wyse's Lab, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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3
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Lee SM, Kim H, Li P, Park HG. A label-free and washing-free method to detect biological thiols on a personal glucose meter utilizing glucose oxidase-mimicking activity of gold nanoparticles. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 250:116019. [PMID: 38278122 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
We herein developed a label-free and washing-free method to detect biological thiols (biothiols) on a personal glucose meter (PGM) utilizing the intrinsic glucose oxidase (GOx)-mimicking activity of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). By focusing on the fact that this activity could be diminished by target biothiols through their binding onto the AuNP surface, we correlated the concentration of biothiols with that of glucose readily measurable on a PGM and successfully determined cysteine (Cys), homocysteine (Hcy), and glutathione (GSH) down to 0.116, 0.059, and 0.133 μM, respectively, with high specificity against non-target biomolecules. We further demonstrated its practical applicability by reliably detecting target biothiol in heterogeneous human serum. Due to the meritorious features of PGM such as simplicity, portability, and cost-effectiveness, we believe that this work could serve as a powerful platform for biothiol detection in point-of-care settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Mo Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Four), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoyong Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Four), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Pei Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Four), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Gyu Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Four), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
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Kaur G, Rani R, Raina J, Singh I. Recent Advancements and Future Prospects in NBD-Based Fluorescent Chemosensors: Design Strategy, Sensing Mechanism, and Biological Applications. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2024:1-41. [PMID: 38593050 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2024.2337869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, the field of Supramolecular Chemistry has witnessed tremendous progress owing to the development of versatile optical sensors for the detection of harmful biological analytes. Nitrobenzoxadiazole (NBD) is one such scaffold that has been exploited as fluorescent probes for selective recognition of harmful analytes and their optical imaging in various cell lines including HeLa, PC3, A549, SMMC-7721, MDA-MB-231, HepG2, MFC-7, etc. The NBD-derived molecular probes are majorly synthesized from the chloro derivative of NBD via nucleophilic aromatic substitution. This general NBD moiety ligation method to nucleophiles has been leveraged to develop various derivatives for sensing analytes. NBD-derived probes are extensively used as optical sensors because of remarkable properties like excellent stability, large Stoke's shift, high efficiency and stability, visible excitation, easy use, low cost, and high quantum yield. This article reviewed NBD-based probes for the years 2017-2023 according to the sensing of analyte(s), including cations, anions, thiols, and small molecules like hydrogen sulfide. The sensing mechanism, designing of the probe, plausible binding mechanism, and biological application of chemosensors are summarized. The real-time application of optical sensors has been discussed by various methods, such as paper strips, molecular logic gates, smartphone detection, development of test kits, etc. This article will update the researchers with the in vivo and in vitro biological applicability of NBD-based molecular probes and challenges the research fraternity to design, propose, and develop better chemosensors in the future possessing commercial utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurdeep Kaur
- School of Chemical Engineering and Physical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Richa Rani
- Department of Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Jeevika Raina
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Iqubal Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
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Chatterjee B, Fatima F, Seth S, Sinha Roy S. Moderate Elevation of Homocysteine Induces Endothelial Dysfunction through Adaptive UPR Activation and Metabolic Rewiring. Cells 2024; 13:214. [PMID: 38334606 PMCID: PMC10854856 DOI: 10.3390/cells13030214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Elevation of the intermediate amino acid metabolite Homocysteine (Hcy) causes Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), a metabolic disorder frequently associated with mutations in the methionine-cysteine metabolic cycle as well as with nutritional deficiency and aging. The previous literature suggests that HHcy is a strong risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Severe HHcy is well-established to correlate with vascular pathologies primarily via endothelial cell death. Though moderate HHcy is more prevalent and associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular abnormalities in later part of life, its precise role in endothelial physiology is largely unknown. In this study, we report that moderate elevation of Hcy causes endothelial dysfunction through impairment of their migration and proliferation. We established that unlike severe elevation of Hcy, moderate HHcy is not associated with suppression of endothelial VEGF/VEGFR transcripts and ROS induction. We further showed that moderate HHcy induces a sub-lethal ER stress that causes defective endothelial migration through abnormal actin cytoskeletal remodeling. We also found that sub-lethal increase in Hcy causes endothelial proliferation defect by suppressing mitochondrial respiration and concomitantly increases glycolysis to compensate the consequential ATP loss and maintain overall energy homeostasis. Finally, analyzing a previously published microarray dataset, we confirmed that these hallmarks of moderate HHcy are conserved in adult endothelial cells as well. Thus, we identified adaptive UPR and metabolic rewiring as two key mechanistic signatures in moderate HHcy-associated endothelial dysfunction. As HHcy is clinically associated with enhanced vascular inflammation and hypercoagulability, identifying these mechanistic pathways may serve as future targets to regulate endothelial function and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barun Chatterjee
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, New Delhi 110025, India; (B.C.); (F.F.); (S.S.)
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Fabeha Fatima
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, New Delhi 110025, India; (B.C.); (F.F.); (S.S.)
| | - Surabhi Seth
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, New Delhi 110025, India; (B.C.); (F.F.); (S.S.)
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Soumya Sinha Roy
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, New Delhi 110025, India; (B.C.); (F.F.); (S.S.)
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India
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Allalou A, Peng J, Robinson GA, Marruganti C, D’Aiuto F, Butler G, Jury EC, Ciurtin C. Impact of puberty, sex determinants and chronic inflammation on cardiovascular risk in young people. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1191119. [PMID: 37441710 PMCID: PMC10333528 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1191119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Worrying trends of increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in children, adolescents and young people in the Modern Era have channelled research and public health strategies to tackle this growing epidemic. However, there are still controversies related to the dynamic of the impact of sex, age and puberty on this risk and on cardiovascular health outcomes later in life. In this comprehensive review of current literature, we examine the relationship between puberty, sex determinants and various traditional CVD-risk factors, as well as subclinical atherosclerosis in young people in general population. In addition, we evaluate the role of chronic inflammation, sex hormone therapy and health-risk behaviours on augmenting traditional CVD-risk factors and health outcomes, ultimately aiming to determine whether tailored management strategies for this age group are justified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Allalou
- University College London Medical School, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Junjie Peng
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Rheumatology Research, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - George A. Robinson
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Rheumatology Research, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Crystal Marruganti
- Eastman Dental Hospital, University College London Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco D’Aiuto
- Eastman Dental Hospital, University College London Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gary Butler
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, University College London Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth C. Jury
- Centre for Rheumatology Research, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Coziana Ciurtin
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Rheumatology Research, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Zhang K, Liu Y, Liu L, Bai B, Shi L, Zhang Q. Untargeted Metabolomics Analysis Using UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS Reveals Metabolic Changes Associated with Hypertension in Children. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15040836. [PMID: 36839194 PMCID: PMC9964282 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of hypertension in children remains elusive. The objective of this study was to analyze plasma metabolomics characteristics to explore the potential mechanism of hypertension in children. Serum samples from 29 control children, 38 children with normal body mass index and simple hypertension (NBp), 8 children overweight with simple hypertension (OBp), 37 children with normal body mass index and H-type hypertension (NH) and 19 children overweight with H-type hypertension (OH) were analyzed by non-targeted metabolomics. A total of 1235 differential metabolites were identified between children with hypertension and normal controls, of which 193 metabolites including various lipids were significantly expressed. Compared with the control group, 3-dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, oleic acid and linoleic acid were up-regulated, and gamma-muricholic acid was down-regulated in the NBp group; 3-dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, 4-acetamidobutanoate and 1-hexadecanoyl-2-octadecadienoyl-sn-glyero-3-phosphocholine were up-regulated in the OBp group, whereas adenosine and 1-myristoyl-sn-glyero-3-phosphocholine were down-regulated; in the NH group, 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, phenol and 3-methoxytyramine were up-regulated, while pentadecanoic acid was down-regulated; in the OH group, NG,NG-dimethyl-L-arginine, 1-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine and monoethyl phthalate were up-regulated, while phloretin and glycine were down-regulated. The results showed that the children with hypertension had obvious disorders of lipid metabolism (especially in the overweight hypertension group), which led to the occurrence of hypertension. Additionally, the concentration of NO production-related NG, NG-dimethyl-L-arginine, was significantly increased, which may play an important role in H-type hypertension in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Zhang
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Lingyun Liu
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Baoling Bai
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Lin Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
- Correspondence: (L.S.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Qin Zhang
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
- Correspondence: (L.S.); (Q.Z.)
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Bucolo C, Maugeri G, Giunta S, D’Agata V, Drago F, Romano GL. Corneal wound healing and nerve regeneration by novel ophthalmic formulations based on cross-linked sodium hyaluronate, taurine, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1109291. [PMID: 36817120 PMCID: PMC9932323 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1109291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: To evaluate the pharmacological profile of ocular formulations based on cross-linked sodium hyaluronate (CL-SH), taurine (Tau), vitamin B6 (Vit B6) and vitamin B12 (Vit B12) using in vitro and in vivo paradigms. Methods: Rabbit corneal epithelial cells were used to assess wound healing and reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation by scratch assay and oxidative stress (0.3 mM H2O2; 30 min), respectively with or without ocular formulations exposure. In vivo studies were carried out on albino rabbits to evaluate corneal nerve regeneration and corneal wound healing with or without treatment with six different formulations. Animals were anesthetized, the corneal epithelium was removed, and formulations were topically administered (30 μL/eye; 3 times/day for 6 days). Slit-lamp observation was carried out at different time points. After 6 days the animals were killed, and corneas were collected to evaluate corneal re-innervation by immunohistochemistry of selective neuronal marker β-III tubulin. Results: Formulations containing the concentrations 0.16% or 0.32% of cross-linked sodium hyaluronate, taurine, vitamin B6 and vitamin B12 accelerated corneal wound healing. Cells exposed to H2O2 led to significant (p < 0.05) increase of reactive oxygen species concentration that was significantly (p < 0.05) counteract by formulations containing cross-linked sodium hyaluronate (0.32%) and taurine with or without vitamins. The extent of re-innervation, in terms of β-III tubulin staining, was 5-fold greater (p < 0.01) in the eye of rabbits treated with formulation containing 0.32% cross-linked sodium hyaluronate, taurine, vitamins (RenerviX®) compared with the control group (no treatment). Furthermore, re-innervation elicited by RenerviX® was significantly greater (p < 0.01) compared with the group treated with the formulation containing 0.32% cross-linked sodium hyaluronate and taurine without vitamins, and with the group treated with the formulation containing 0.5% linear sodium hyaluronate (SH), taurine, and vitamin B12, respectively. Discussion: In conclusion, among the formulations tested, the new ophthalmic gel RenerviX® was able to contrast oxidative stress, to accelerate corneal re-epithelization and to promote nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Bucolo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy,Center for Research in Ocular Pharmacology-CERFO, University of Catania, Catania, Italy,*Correspondence: Claudio Bucolo,
| | - Grazia Maugeri
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Giunta
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Velia D’Agata
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy,Center for Research in Ocular Pharmacology-CERFO, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Filippo Drago
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy,Center for Research in Ocular Pharmacology-CERFO, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanni Luca Romano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy,Center for Research in Ocular Pharmacology-CERFO, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Wu DF, Liao QC, Lu F, Wang Z, Yu K, Deng JL. Differential effects of hyperhomocysteinemia on the lipid profiles and lipid ratios between patients with and without coronary artery disease: A retrospective observational study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e32464. [PMID: 36595992 PMCID: PMC9803476 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000032464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the differential effects of hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) on lipid profiles and lipid ratios between patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and without CAD. The data of 872 CAD patients and 774 non-CAD controls were extracted from the information system of hospitalized patients. Serum homocysteine (Hcy), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), apolipoprotein (Apo) AI, and ApoB concentrations were detected. HHcy was defined as a serum level of Hcy ≥ 15 μmol/L. The CAD patients had lower levels of HDL-C and ApoAI and higher levels of Hcy than the controls (P < .05). Serum TGs and HDL-C were negatively correlated with Hcy in controls. Serum HDL-C and ApoAI were negatively correlated with Hcy, and the ratios of TC/HDL-C, TG/HDL-C, LDL/HDL-C, and ApoB/ApoAI were positively correlated with Hcy in the CAD patients (P < .05). Although the trends for HHcy to decrease the lipid profiles were not different between the CAD and controls (Pinteraction > 0.05), CAD with HHcy had lower HDL-C and ApoAI levels than those of subjects with normal Hcy; controls with HHcy had lower TC, LDL-C, and ApoB levels than those of subjects with normal Hcy (P < .05). There were different HHcy trends affecting the ratios of TC/HDL-C and LDL/HDL-C between the CAD patients and controls (Pinteraction for TC/HDL-C = 0.025; Pinteraction for LDL/HDL-C = 0.033). CAD patients with HHcy had a higher ratio of TC/HDL-C (P = .022) and LDL/HDL-C (P = .045) than those of patients with normal Hcy, but in the controls, the subjects with HHcy exhibited a trend toward a decreased ratio of TC/HDL-C (P = .481) and LDL/HDL-C (P = .303). There were differential effects of HHcy on the lipid ratios between CAD and non-CAD patients. HHcy was related to higher ratios of TC/HDL-C and LDL/HDL-C in patients with CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Feng Wu
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences and the People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Qin-Chen Liao
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences and the People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Feng Lu
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences and the People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Zhou Wang
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences and the People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Kun Yu
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences and the People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Jin-Long Deng
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences and the People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
- * Correspondence: Jin-Long Deng, Department of the Geriatric Cardiology, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences and the People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 6 Taoyuan Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, People’s Republic of China (e-mail: )
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Is heart-type fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP) a valid marker of arterial stiffness in patients with systemic sclerosis? JOURNAL OF SURGERY AND MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.28982/josam.1070746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aim: Both micro- and macro-vascular involvement has been researched in systemic sclerosis (SSc) for many years. In this study, the relationship of arterial stiffness with heart-type fatty acid binding protein (h-FABP), which is well-accepted as a cardiac marker, was investigated for the first time.
Methods: In this case-control study, 40 patients diagnosed with SSc between the ages of 18 and 65 were included. Thirty healthy individuals of similar age and gender were included as the control group. Patients were excluded from the study if they had cardiovascular risk factors, active infections, and/or malignancies. Along with detecting biochemical markers in the blood, results from methods, such as 24-h blood pressure Holter recordings, pulse-wave velocities (PWV), and echocardiograms (ECHO) were obtained from patients.
Results: The homocysteine mean level was higher in the patient group than in the control group (P < 0.001). H-FABP and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) means were similar between the two groups (P = 0.286 and P = 0.340, respectively). Vascular parameters, including mean arterial pressure (MAP), augmentation index normalized to the 75 /min heart rate (AIx @ 75), and PWV were also similar between the two groups (P = 0.498, P = 0.382 and P = 0.180, respectively).
Conclusion: It can be concluded that no ongoing myocardial damage occurs based on normotensive Holter findings, normal h-FABP levels, and ECHO findings in our patients. It is suggested that vasodilatory treatments, such as pentoxifylline and calcium channel blockers, which the patients receive for SSc treatment due to Raynaud Syndrome, may protect them from hypertension and therefore offer protection from myocardial damage.
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Mirza I, Mohamed A, Deen H, Balaji S, Elsabbahi D, Munasser A, Naquiallah D, Abdulbaseer U, Hassan C, Masrur M, Bianco FM, Ali MM, Mahmoud AM. Obesity-Associated Vitamin D Deficiency Correlates with Adipose Tissue DNA Hypomethylation, Inflammation, and Vascular Dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214377. [PMID: 36430854 PMCID: PMC9694734 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D (VD) deficiency is a hallmark of obesity and vascular dysfunction. We sought to test the hypothesis that VD deficiency may contribute to obesity-related vascular dysfunction by inducing adipokine hypomethylation and augmented expression. To this end, we collected blood and adipose tissues (ATs) from a cohort of 77 obese participants who were classified as having mild, moderate, or severe VD deficiency. The body composition, vascular reactivity, cardiometabolic profiles, and DNA methylation of 94 inflammation-related adipokines were measured. Our results show that higher degrees of VD deficiency were associated with lower DNA methylation and induced the expression of inflammatory adipokines such as B-cell lymphoma 6 (BCL6), C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 8 (CXCL8), histone deacetylase 5 (HDAC5), interleukin 12A (IL12A), and nuclear factor κB (NFκB) in the ATs. They were also associated with higher BMI and total and visceral fat mass, impaired insulin sensitivity and lipid profiles, AT hypoxia, and higher concentrations of circulating inflammatory markers. Moderate and severe VD deficiency correlated with impaired vasoreactivity of the brachial artery and AT-isolated arterioles, reduced nitric oxide generation, and increased arterial stiffness. In a multivariate regression analysis, the VD deficiency level strongly predicted the adipokine methylation score, systemic inflammation, and microvascular dysfunction. In conclusion, our findings suggest that VD deficiency is a possible contributor to obesity-related adipokine hypomethylation, inflammation, and vascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imaduddin Mirza
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Ariej Mohamed
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Hania Deen
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Swetha Balaji
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Duaa Elsabbahi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Amier Munasser
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Dina Naquiallah
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Uzma Abdulbaseer
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Chandra Hassan
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Mario Masrur
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Francesco M. Bianco
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Mohamed M. Ali
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Health Sciences, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Abeer M. Mahmoud
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, College of Applied Health Sciences, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Correspondence:
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Cavallo I, Lesnoni La Parola I, Sivori F, Toma L, Koudriavtseva T, Sperduti I, Kovacs D, D’Agosto G, Trento E, Cameli N, Mussi A, Latini A, Morrone A, Pimpinelli F, Di Domenico EG. Homocysteine and Inflammatory Cytokines in the Clinical Assessment of Infection in Venous Leg Ulcers. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11091268. [PMID: 36140047 PMCID: PMC9495878 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11091268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and biofilm-associated infection are common in chronic venous leg ulcers (VU), causing deep pain and delayed healing. Albeit important, clinical markers and laboratory parameters for identifying and monitoring persistent VU infections are limited. This study analyzed 101 patients with infected (IVU) and noninfected VUs (NVU). Clinical data were collected in both groups. The serum homocysteine (Hcys) and inflammatory cytokines from the wound fluid were measured. In addition, microbial identification, antibiotic susceptibility, and biofilm production were examined. IVU were 56 (55.4%) while NVU were 45 (44.5%). IVUs showed a significant increase in the wound's size and depth compared to NVUs. In addition, significantly higher levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, IL17A, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were found in patients with IVUs compared to those with NVUs. Notably, hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) was significantly more common in patients with IVUs than NVUs. A total of 89 different pathogens were identified from 56 IVUs. Gram-negative bacteria were 51.7%, while the Gram-positives were 48.3%. At the species level, Staphylococcus aureus was the most common isolate (43.8%), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (18.0%). Multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) accounted for 25.8% of the total isolates. Strong biofilm producers (SBPs) (70.8%) were significantly more abundant than weak biofilm producers (WBP) (29.2%) in IVUs. SBPs were present in 97.7% of the IVUs as single or multispecies infections. Specifically, SBPs were 94.9% for S. aureus, 87.5% for P. aeruginosa, and 28.6% for Escherichia coli. In IVU, the tissue microenvironment and biofilm production can support chronic microbial persistence and a most severe clinical outcome even in the presence of an intense immune response, as shown by the high levels of inflammatory molecules. The measurement of local cytokines in combination with systemic homocysteine may offer a novel set of biomarkers for the clinical assessment of IVUs caused by biofilm-producing bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Cavallo
- Microbiology and Virology, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Sivori
- Microbiology and Virology, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Toma
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics, and Technological Innovation, Translational Research Area, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Isabella Sperduti
- Biostatistics, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Kovacs
- Cutaneous Physiopathology, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna D’Agosto
- Microbiology and Virology, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Trento
- Microbiology and Virology, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Norma Cameli
- Department of Dermatology, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Mussi
- Department of Dermatology, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Latini
- Department of Dermatology, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Aldo Morrone
- Scientific Direction, San Gallicano Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Fulvia Pimpinelli
- Microbiology and Virology, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Enea Gino Di Domenico
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Vasireddy A, Mehta AM, Acharya RV, Singh BMK, Madhyastha SP. Acute myocardial infarction in a young adult with hyperhomocysteinaemia secondary to tropical sprue. Trop Doct 2022; 52:581-582. [PMID: 35892168 DOI: 10.1177/00494755221116722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Coronary heart disease and its complications remain the most common cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. In addition, its incidence among adults <45 years of age has also been steadily increasing in the past few decades. Besides the typical aetiology such as coronary artery abnormalities or autoimmune disorders, increasing rates can be attributed to escalating trends of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and illicit abuse of drugs such as cocaine and amphetamines in the younger population.1 Every cardiovascular event in a young adult must be thoroughly investigated as the aetiology is typically unconventional. Our case reports a young man who developed an acute inferior wall myocardial infarction (IWMI) in the setting of hyperhomocysteinaemia secondary to vitamin B12-folate deficiency itself due to tropical sprue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anila Vasireddy
- Internal Medicine, 29224Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Ami Mehul Mehta
- Internal Medicine, 29224Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Raviraja V Acharya
- Internal Medicine, 29224Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Brij Mohan Kumar Singh
- Pathology, 29224Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Sharath P Madhyastha
- Internal Medicine, 29224Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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14
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Jin T, Park EY, Kim B, Oh JK. Non-Linear Association between Serum Folate Concentration and Dyslipidemia: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2016-2018. Epidemiol Health 2022; 44:e2022046. [PMID: 35577068 DOI: 10.4178/epih.e2022046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives We aimed to evaluate the association between serum folate concentration and prevalence of dyslipidemia. Methods A total of 4,477 adults (2,019 men and 2,458 women) enrolled in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2016-2018 were included. Serum samples were used to access folate concentration and total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol levels. Multivariate logistic regression with a sampling weight was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results Elevated TC, TG, LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol were observed in 506 (11.3%), 646 (14.4%), 434 (9.7%), and 767 (17.1%) participants, respectively. We found non-linear trends between serum folate concentration and prevalence of hypercholesterolemia and hyper-LDL cholesterolemia from the restricted cubic smoothing spline. A higher prevalence of hypercholesterolemia was observed among participants in the 1st tertile serum folate concentration group (OR [95% CI] = 1.38 [1.05-1.79]) compared to those in the 2nd tertile group. On the other hand, a higher prevalence of hyper-LDL cholesterolemia was identified for both the 1st and 3rd serum folate concentration tertile groups (OR [95% CI]: 1.49 [1.08-2.05] and 1.63 [1.20-2.20], respectively); furthermore, in these tertiles, the prevalence of hyper-LDL cholesterolemia was more pronounced among obese participants. Conclusion Non-linear associations may exist between serum folate concentration and the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia and hyper-LDL cholesterolemia in adults. The findings suggest that more accurate recommendations about folate intake and folic acid fortification and supplementation should be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiyue Jin
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Eun Young Park
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Byungmi Kim
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Jin-Kyoung Oh
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.,Department of Cancer Control and Population Health, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
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15
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WU H, ZHANG Z, WANG Y, ZHANG T, QI S, TANG Y, GAO X. Investigation into the Properties of L-5-Methyltetrahydrofolate and Seal Oil as a Potential Atherosclerosis Intervention in Rats. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2022; 68:87-96. [DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.68.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong WU
- Department of Physical and Chemical Inspection, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University
| | - Zhengduo ZHANG
- Department of Physical and Chemical Inspection, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University
| | - Yuxin WANG
- Department of Physical and Chemical Inspection, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University
| | - Tianran ZHANG
- Department of Physical and Chemical Inspection, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University
| | - Shaojun QI
- Department of Physical and Chemical Inspection, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University
| | - Yanjin TANG
- Department of Physical and Chemical Inspection, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University
| | - Xibao GAO
- Department of Physical and Chemical Inspection, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University
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Abstract
Telomeres are non-coding nucleoprotein structures consisting of a highly conserved tandem repeat DNA sequence that caps the ends of chromosomes in eukaryotes. Telomeres confer chromosomal stability, protect the genome from nucleolytic degradation, avoid aberrant recombination and improper repair, and prevent random fusion of chromosomes. The end-replication problem results in telomere shortening with every cell division, eventually leading to cellular senescence and aging. Telomere length (TL) is thereby an ideal candidate for "biological aging." Telomeres possess guanine-rich repeats, which are highly susceptible to oxidative stress. Epidemiological studies have indicated the association of telomere attrition with mortality and various age-related diseases. Micronutrients comprising vitamins and minerals act as potential modulators of stress and can influence TL. Research has indicated that vitamin B12 (B12) regulates oxidative stress and maintains genomic stability, thereby influencing telomere integrity and cellular aging. The deficiency of B12 leads to elevated levels of homocysteine, which reduces the methylation potential and increases oxidative stress, thereby compromising the TL. Telomere shortening and mitochondrial dysfunction are independently linked to aging. However, they are connected through telomerase reverse transcriptase activity, which regulates mitochondrial biogenesis. Further, experimental evidence indicated the positive association of B12 with relative TL and mitochondrial DNA copy number, an indirect index of mitochondrial biogenesis. The present chapter provides some insights into the role of B12 in influencing TL. Exploring their association might open new avenues to understand the pathophysiology of aging and age-related diseases.
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Liu C, Liu L, Wang Y, Chen X, Liu J, Peng S, Pi J, Zhang Q, Tomlinson B, Chan P, Zhang L, Fan H, Zheng L, Liu Z, Zhang Y. Hyperhomocysteinemia Increases Risk of Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Death in an Elderly Chinese Community Population of a 7-Year Follow-Up Study. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:811670. [PMID: 35224027 PMCID: PMC8870623 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.811670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) and abdominal obesity are risk factors for metabolic syndrome (MetS) and death from cardiovascular disease (CVD). Recent studies have shown a correlation between HHcy and abdominal obesity, suggesting that they may have a combined effect on the risk of MetS and CVD mortality. However, this suspicion remains to be confirmed, particularly in the elderly population. We explored their combined effects on the risk of MetS and CVD mortality among the community population aged 65 and above in China. Methods and Results This prospective study enrolled 3,675 Chinese community residents aged 65 and above in May 2013 with 7-year follow-up of all-cause and CVD mortality. HHcy was defined as the blood homocysteine (Hcy) level >15 μmol/L and abdominal obesity as waist circumference (WC) ≥90 cm for men and ≥80 cm for women (HWC). All participants were grouped into four categories by WC and the blood level of Hcy: NWC (normal WC) /HHcy(–), NWC/HHcy(+), HWC/HHcy(–), and HWC/HHcy(+). The relationship of combined HHcy and abdominal obesity with MetS and metabolic profile was evaluated by logistic regression analysis and the association of combined HHcy and abdominal obesity with CVD and all-cause mortality evaluated by Cox regression analysis. The prevalence of HHcy, abdominal obesity and MetS in elderly Chinese community residents was 40.1, 59.3, and 41.4%, respectively. Using group without HHcy and abdominal obesity [NWC/HHcy(–)] as reference, the participants of other three groups had significantly higher risk of MetS and its component abnormalities, with HWC/HHcy(+) group having the highest risk (OR = 13.52; 95% CI = 8.61–14.55). After a median of 6.94 (±1.48) years follow-up, 454 deaths occurred with 135 CVD deaths. Compared with NWC/HHcy(–) group, the risk of 7-year follow-up CVD mortality (HR = 1.75; 95% CI = 1.02–3.03) and all-cause mortality (HR = 1.23; 95% CI = 1.04–2.18) of HWC/HHcy(+) group increased considerably after adjustment for major MetS and CVD risk factors. Conclusions There is high prevalence of HHcy, abdominal obesity, and MetS in the elderly Chinese community population. HHcy increases risk of MetS, CVD, and all-cause mortality, especially in the populations with abdominal obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinglu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng Peng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjiang Pi
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Brain Tomlinson
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Paul Chan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huimin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Liang Zheng
| | - Zhongmin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Zhongmin Liu
| | - Yuzhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Yuzhen Zhang
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Longitudinal Analysis of 1α,25-dihidroxyvitamin D 3 and Homocysteine Changes in Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030658. [PMID: 35158926 PMCID: PMC8833406 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Vitamin D3 and homocysteine level abnormalities are both strongly related to colorectal cancer (CRC) etiology. The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the longitudinal change in these two parameters and the relationships between the two, in addition with other clinicopathological and laboratory parameters. A swoosh-shaped trend was observed for the change in serum homocysteine levels of all of the CRC patients. The circulating vitamin D3 level was constant or increased in those patients without metastasis. After an initial increase, the disease-worsening effect of metastases cancelled out all of the positive effects of vitamin D3 in metastatic patients, even despite its continuous supplementation. Right-sided tumors, male sex, and the pathological values of serum lipids, albumin, total protein, and inflammatory markers were associated with lower vitamin D3 and higher homocysteine level. Based on our results, we recommend a modified vitamin D3 supplementation regimen for metastatic CRC, which includes laboratory measurement-based titration. Abstract Background: 1α,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25(OH)2D3) and homocysteine are known to play a role in the pathophysiology of colorectal cancer (CRC). In health, the two changes are inversely proportional to each other, but little is known about their combined effect in CRC. Methods: The serum 1,25(OH)2D3 and the homocysteine levels of eighty-six CRC patients were measured, who were enrolled into four cohorts based on the presence of metastases (Adj vs. Met) and vitamin D3 supplementation (ND vs. D). Results: 1,25(OH)2D3 was constant (Adj-ND), increased significantly (Adj-D, p = 0.0261), decreased (Met-ND), or returned close to the baseline after an initial increase (Met-D). The longitudinal increase in 1,25(OH)2D3 (HR: 0.9130, p = 0.0111) positively affected the overall survival in non-metastatic CRC, however, this effect was cancelled out in those with metastasis (p = 0.0107). The increase in homocysteine negatively affected both the overall (HR: 1.0940, p = 0.0067) and the progression-free survival (HR: 1.0845, p = 0.0073). Lower 1,25(OH)2D3 and/or higher homocysteine level was characteristic for patients with higher serum lipids, albumin, total protein, white blood cell and platelet count, male sex, and right-sided tumors. No statistically justifiable connection was found between the target variables. Conclusions: A measurement-based titration of vitamin D3 supplementation and better management of comorbidities are recommended for CRC.
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Koca SB, Akdogan M, Koca S. Evaluation of early retinal vascular changes by optical coherence tomography angiography in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus without diabetic retinopathy. Int Ophthalmol 2021; 42:423-433. [PMID: 34625889 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-021-02059-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate macular and peripapillary vascular changes by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) without diabetic retinopathy (DR). METHODS This study included 46 patients with T1DM and 46 age-sex matched healthy subjects. All participants were evaluated in terms of macular and optic disk parameters by using AngioVue. Foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, macular and optic disk vessel density (VD) were analyzed. The correlation of these parameters with metabolic factors such as disease duration, mean hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) standard deviation score (SDS), homocysteine (Hcy) level, body mass index (BMI) SDS and daily insulin dose was also investigated in T1DM group. RESULTS No significant difference was found in FAZ area and optic disk radial peripapillary capillary (RPC) VD comparing diabetic and control groups. In all macular regions, VD was significantly lower in T1DM versus control group both in superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP). None of the metabolic parameters was correlated with FAZ area and optic disk RPC-VD. Vascular density in SCP was negatively correlated with mean HbA1c and positively correlated with IGF-1 SDS. Homocysteine level was negatively correlated with DCP-VD in all areas. CONCLUSION In children with T1DM without clinically apparent DR, VD in SCP and DCP was decreased and OCTA is a valuable imaging technique for detecting early vascular changes. The metabolic parameters such as mean HbA1c, IGF-1 SDS and Hcy affect the macular VD in diabetic children. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER 2011-KAEK-2, 2021/4, Trial registration date: 02.04.2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serkan Bilge Koca
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Muberra Akdogan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Semra Koca
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey. .,, 1444. Sokak Kandilli Konakları D Blok 2/8, Afyonkarahisar, Türkiye.
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Zhang L, Li Z, Xing C, Gao N, Xu R. Folate Reverses NF-κB p65/Rela/IL-6 Level Induced by Hyperhomocysteinemia in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:651582. [PMID: 34603014 PMCID: PMC8481771 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.651582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is derived from the abnormal metabolism of homocysteine (Hcy) and is related to metabolic-related diseases. In addition, HHcy combined with hypertension increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). However, the mechanism of HHcy aggravating hypertensive arterial damage and the efficacy of folate (FA) as a beneficial supplement have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we established a rat HHcy model and a hypertension combined with HHcy model. Rat tail artery blood pressure (BP), plasma Hcy, serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured. Rat thoracic aorta was for pathological analysis after 12 weeks of the experiment. The relative expression levels of oxidative stress and immune/inflammation in rat arterial tissues were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blotting. The results demonstrated that the relative expression levels of oxidative stress and immune/inflammation were the highest in the hypertension combined with HHcy group, followed by the hypertension group. Compared with the hypertension group, the hypertension combined with HHcy group up-regulated the expression levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and nuclear factor-κ-gene binding (NF-κB) p65/Rela, but not NADPH oxidase (Nox). Furthermore, folate inhibited the expression of IL-6 and NF-κB p65/Rela, reduced the levels of MDA and HHcy, but significantly increased the SOD level. In conclusion, HHcy synergistically aggravated the arterial damage factor of hypertension through immune/inflammatory response. However, folate demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties and reversed the NF-κB p65/Rela/IL-6 level induced by HHcy in hypertensive rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Zhang
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Medicine, Jinan Maternity and Child Care Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhongliang Li
- Department of Women Healthcare, Jinan Maternity and Child Care Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Changcheng Xing
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Ning Gao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Rui Xu
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
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Adipose Tissue Hypoxia Correlates with Adipokine Hypomethylation and Vascular Dysfunction. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9081034. [PMID: 34440238 PMCID: PMC8394952 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9081034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by the accumulation of dysfunctional adipose tissues, which predisposes to cardiometabolic diseases. Our previous in vitro studies demonstrated a role of hypoxia in inducing adipokine hypomethylation in adipocytes. We sought to examine this mechanism in visceral adipose tissues (VATs) from obese individuals and its correlation with cardiometabolic risk factors. We propose an involvement of the hypoxia-inducible factor, HIF1α, and the DNA hydroxymethylase, TET1. Blood samples and VAT biopsies were obtained from obese and non-obese subjects (n = 60 each) having bariatric and elective surgeries, respectively. The analyses of VAT showed lower vascularity, and higher levels of HIF1α and TET1 proteins in the obese subjects than controls. Global hypomethylation and hydroxymethylation were observed in VAT from obese subjects along with promoter hypomethylation of several pro-inflammatory adipokines. TET1 protein was enriched near the promotor of the hypomethylated adipokines. The average levels of adipokine methylation correlated positively with vascularity and arteriolar vasoreactivity and negatively with protein levels of HIF1α and TET1 in corresponding VAT samples, serum and tissue inflammatory markers, and other cardiometabolic risk factors. These findings suggest a role for adipose tissue hypoxia in causing epigenetic alterations, which could explain the increased production of adipocytokines and ultimately, vascular dysfunction in obesity.
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22
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Maharjan P, Beitia A, Weil J, Suesuttajit N, Hilton K, Caldas J, Umberson C, Martinez D, Kong B, Owens CM, Coon C. Woody breast myopathy broiler show age-dependent adaptive differential gene expression in Pectoralis major and altered in-vivo triglyceride kinetics in adipogenic tissues. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101092. [PMID: 34087697 PMCID: PMC8182436 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A study was conducted to understand the differentially expressed genes in Pectoralis (P) major under woody breast (WB) myopathy condition in a high yielding broiler strain using RNA-sequencing at the growing (d 21) and finishing (d 42 and d 56) grow-out ages. Follow-up study was conducted to understand the in vivo triglyceride (TG) synthesis (d 49) occurring in adipogenic tissues using deuterium oxide (2H2O) as a metabolic tracer. Results indicated the top physiological systems affected in myopathy broiler were related to the musculo-skeletal system (d 21, 42, and 56) and cardiovascular system (d 42 and 56). Ubiquitin-specific proteases are expressed higher in myopathy broiler at d 21 (OTUD1) and d 42 (SACS) that potentially indicated higher degradation of muscle protein occurring at those ages. While genes related to transcription factors and muscle cell differentiation (ZNF234, BTG2) and muscle growth (IGF1) were upregulated with myopathy broiler suggesting concurrent muscle fiber regeneration. The downregulation of PYGB and MGAM genes related to carbohydrate transport and metabolism at d 42 potentially indicated nutrient-deficient state of myopathy affected fibers; whereas the nutrient-deficient physiological state of cells seemed to be counteracted by up-regulation of genes related to carbohydrate (ALDOB, GPD1L2) at d 56. There was a reduced (P < 0.05) in vivo TG synthesis in liver of the myopathy broiler (0.123 %/hr) compared to non-myopathy broiler (0.197 %/hr). The majority of TG synthesized in liver with myopathy broiler could conceivably be delivered to P. major (rather than to abdominal fat pad storage) to fulfil the increased energy need of muscle cells (via TG lipolysis and fatty acid [FA] oxidation). The increased utilization of FAs in the WB affected muscle could result in reduced secretion of FAs into blood circulation leading to sub-optimal availability of FAs for re-esterification for TG synthesis in liver. Results indicated that myopathy broiler at later age (d 56) of grow-out period were synchronously going through adaptive physiological processes of feedback responses to adverse cellular states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramir Maharjan
- Department of Poultry Science, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | | | - Jordan Weil
- Department of Poultry Science, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Nawin Suesuttajit
- Department of Poultry Science, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Katie Hilton
- Department of Poultry Science, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | | | - Cole Umberson
- Department of Poultry Science, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Diego Martinez
- Department of Poultry Science, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Byungwhi Kong
- Department of Poultry Science, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Casey M Owens
- Department of Poultry Science, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Craig Coon
- Department of Poultry Science, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
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23
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Morris G, Berk M, Walder K, O'Neil A, Maes M, Puri BK. The lipid paradox in neuroprogressive disorders: Causes and consequences. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 128:35-57. [PMID: 34118292 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic systemic inflammation is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in an environment of low low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and low total cholesterol and with the pathophysiology of neuroprogressive disorders. The causes and consequences of this lipid paradox are explored. Circulating activated neutrophils can release inflammatory molecules such as myeloperoxidase and the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha. Since activated neutrophils are associated with atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease and with major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, it seems reasonable to hypothesise that the inflammatory molecules released by them may act as mediators of the link between systemic inflammation and the development of atherosclerosis in neuroprogressive disorders. This hypothesis is tested by considering the association at a molecular level of systemic inflammation with increased LDL oxidation; increased small dense LDL levels; increased lipoprotein (a) concentration; secretory phospholipase A2 activation; cytosolic phospholipase A2 activation; increased platelet activation; decreased apolipoprotein A1 levels and function; decreased paroxonase-1 activity; hyperhomocysteinaemia; and metabolic endotoxaemia. These molecular mechanisms suggest potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerwyn Morris
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Deakin University, CMMR Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, the Department of Psychiatry and the Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ken Walder
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Adrienne O'Neil
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Michael Maes
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, King Chulalongkorn University Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
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24
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Dong L, Si-Jia W, Bo G, Lei S, Guang-Yue L. Theoretical study on the sensing mechanism of a coumarin-based fluorescent probe for biological thiols. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 248:119268. [PMID: 33310616 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.119268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The sensing mechanism of a reported fluorescence probe for cysteine, homocysteine and glutathione (Yin et al., 2018) has been investigated by time-dependent density functional theory. Experimental absorption and emission spectra of the probe before and after thiol addition were reproduced well by theoretical calculations, which validated the rationality of the method. Optimized geometries showed that the probe molecule had distinctly different geometries in its ground and excited states. It corresponded to the photoisomerization process and explained the weak fluorescence of the probe molecule. Moreover, by the potential energy curve scan, photoisomerization was further confirmed to be a spontaneous process with a barrier that barely existed. Frontier orbital analysis indicated that this photoinduced isomerization of the probe molecule derived from the antibonding character for lowest unoccupied molecular orbital at its CC double bond. In contrast, probe-thiol complexes exhibited similar geometries in their ground and excited states, which was responsible for the strong fluorescence of the probe with thiols. Due to distinct excited-processes, the probe can be used to sense thiols by monitoring the fluorescent change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Dong
- College of Chemical Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, PR China
| | - Wang Si-Jia
- College of Chemical Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, PR China
| | - Gong Bo
- College of Chemical Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, PR China
| | - Shi Lei
- College of Chemical Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, PR China.
| | - Li Guang-Yue
- College of Chemical Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, PR China.
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25
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Xu T, Chen S, Yang F, Wang Y, Zhang K, Fu G, Zhang W. The impact of homocysteine on the risk of coronary artery diseases in individuals with diabetes: a Mendelian randomization study. Acta Diabetol 2021; 58:301-307. [PMID: 33113028 PMCID: PMC7907016 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-020-01608-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Observational studies have reported that homocysteine (Hcy) is associated with an increased risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) in individuals with diabetes, though controversy remains. The present study aimed to investigate the causal association between Hcy and CAD in individuals with diabetes. METHODS A 2-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study was designed to infer causality. Genetic summary data on the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with Hcy were extracted from the hitherto largest genome-wide association study (GWAS) of up to 44,147 individuals of European ancestry. SNP-CAD data were obtained from another recently published GWAS which included 15,666 individuals with diabetes (3,968 CAD cases, 11,696 controls). The fixed-effects inverse variance-weighted method was employed to calculate the effect estimates. Other robust methods and leave-one-out analyses were used in the follow-up sensitivity analyses. Potential pleiotropy was assessed with the MR-Egger intercept test. RESULTS The 2-sample MR analysis suggested no evidence of an association between genetically predicted plasma Hcy levels and CAD risk in individuals with diabetes (odds ratio = 1.14, 95% confidence interval: 0.82-1.58, p = 0.43) using 9 SNPs as instrumental variables. Similar results were observed in the follow-up sensitivity analyses. The MR-Egger intercept test indicated no evidence of directional pleiotropy (intercept = 0.03, 95% confidence interval: - 0.08-0.03, p = 0.35). CONCLUSION This 2-sample MR analysis found no evidence of a causal association between plasma Hcy levels and CAD risk in individuals with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Songzan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangkun Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaijie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Guosheng Fu
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenbin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
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26
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Üçüncü M, Zeybek H, Karakuş E, Üçüncü C, Emrullahoğlu M. A new fluorescent ‘turn on’ probe for rapid detection of biothiols. Supramol Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10610278.2021.1893321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Üçüncü
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, İzmir Katip Çelebi University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Zeybek
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Turkey
| | - Erman Karakuş
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Group, the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey, National Metrology Institute, (TUBITAK UME), Gebze, Turkey
| | - Canan Üçüncü
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Emrullahoğlu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Turkey
- Department of Photonics, İzmir Institute of Technology, İzmir, Turkey
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27
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G. Keller S, Kamiya M, Urano Y. Recent Progress in Small Spirocyclic, Xanthene-Based Fluorescent Probes. Molecules 2020; 25:E5964. [PMID: 33339370 PMCID: PMC7766215 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of fluorescent probes in a multitude of applications is still an expanding field. This review covers the recent progress made in small molecular, spirocyclic xanthene-based probes containing different heteroatoms (e.g., oxygen, silicon, carbon) in position 10'. After a short introduction, we will focus on applications like the interaction of probes with enzymes and targeted labeling of organelles and proteins, detection of small molecules, as well as their use in therapeutics or diagnostics and super-resolution microscopy. Furthermore, the last part will summarize recent advances in the synthesis and understanding of their structure-behavior relationship including novel computational approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha G. Keller
- Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; (S.G.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Mako Kamiya
- Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; (S.G.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Yasuteru Urano
- Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; (S.G.K.); (M.K.)
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
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28
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Annus Á, Juhász LÁ, Szabó E, Rárosi F, Szpisjak L, Vécsei L, Klivényi P. Connection between small vessel disease related stroke and the MTHFR C677T polymorphism in a Hungarian population. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05305. [PMID: 33163671 PMCID: PMC7609446 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction There are conflicting results in the literature regarding the connection between thrombophilias and ischaemic stroke. However, most of the clinical studies have not differentiated between various ischaemic stroke subtypes. Our aim was to investigate whether there is an association between the methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism and ischaemic stroke due to small vessel disease (SVD) in patients ≤50 years of age. Patients and methods We performed a retrospective search in the database used at our Health Centre. Our study population consisted of 100 ischaemic stroke patients. 65 patients had MTHFR C677T variants: 21 were homozygous (TT allele), 45 were heterozygous (CT). 35 stroke patients did not carry MTHFR C677T polymorphism (wild genotype, CC). Stroke subtypes were determined according to the TOAST classification. Pearson's chi-squared test of independence was used to evaluate differences between subgroups and multivariate logistic regression was also performed. Results More than half of our study population (52.00%) had lacunar strokes. The ratio of SVD in patients ≤50 years of age with TT homozygous variant was significantly higher compared to heterozygous and wild type subjects (p = 0.032 and p = 0.03 respectively). Multivariate logistic regression also showed, that apart from hypertension, only TT homozygosity was a predictive factor for SVD related stroke (p = 0.014, OR 1.619, 95% CI 1.390–18.338). Conclusion Our results demonstrate that in a Hungarian population of ischaemic stroke patients ≤50 years of age, SVD is the most common stroke subtype. In addition, we found association of SVD stroke with hypertension and MTHFR 677TT homozygous polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ádám Annus
- University of Szeged, Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Centre, Department of Neurology, H-6725, Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, Hungary
| | - Lilla Ágnes Juhász
- University of Szeged, Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Centre, Department of Neurology, H-6725, Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, Hungary
| | - Elza Szabó
- University of Szeged, Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Centre, Department of Neurology, H-6725, Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Rárosi
- Universtiy of Szeged, Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, H-6720, Szeged, Korányi fasor 9, Hungary
| | - László Szpisjak
- University of Szeged, Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Centre, Department of Neurology, H-6725, Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, Hungary
| | - László Vécsei
- University of Szeged, Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Centre, Department of Neurology, H-6725, Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, Hungary.,MTA-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, H-6725, Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, Hungary
| | - Péter Klivényi
- University of Szeged, Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Centre, Department of Neurology, H-6725, Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, Hungary
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López V, Uribe E, Moraga FA. Activation of arginase II by asymmetric dimethylarginine and homocysteine in hypertensive rats induced by hypoxia: a new model of nitric oxide synthesis regulation in hypertensive processes? Hypertens Res 2020; 44:263-275. [PMID: 33149269 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-020-00574-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the increase in blood pressure at high altitudes has become an interesting topic among high-altitude researchers. In our animal studies using Wistar rats, we observed the existence of two rat populations that exhibit differential physiological responses during hypoxic exposure. These rats were classified as hypoxia-induced hypertensive rats and nonhypertensive rats. A decrease in nitric oxide levels was reported in different hypertension models associated with increased concentrations of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and homocysteine, and we recently described an increase in arginase type II expression under hypoxia. ADMA and homocysteine decrease nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability; however, whether ADMA and homocysteine have a regulatory effect on arginase activity and therefore regulate another NO synthesis pathway is unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to measure basal ADMA and homocysteine levels in hypoxia-induced hypertensive rats and evaluate their effect on arginase II activity. Our results indicate that hypoxia-induced hypertensive rats presented lower nitric oxide concentrations than nonhypertensive rats, associated with higher concentrations of homocysteine and ADMA. Hypoxia-induced hypertensive rats also presented lower dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase-2 and cystathionine β-synthase levels, which could explain the high ADMA and homocysteine levels. In addition, we observed that both homocysteine and ADMA had a significant effect on arginase II activation in the hypertensive rats. Therefore, we suggest that ADMA and homocysteine have dual regulatory effects on NO synthesis. The former has an inhibitory effect on eNOS, and the latter has a secondary activating effect on arginase II. We propose that arginase II is activated by AMDA and homocysteine in hypoxia-induced hypertensive rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasthi López
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Elena Uribe
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción. Barrio Universitario s/n, Concepción, Chile
| | - Fernando A Moraga
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile.
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30
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Niu X, Chen J, Wang J, Li J, Zeng D, Wang S, Hong X. A Cross-sectional Study on the Relationship Between Homocysteine and Lipid Profiles Among Chinese Population from Hunan. Lipids 2020; 56:93-100. [PMID: 32954499 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have explored the relationship between homocystein (Hcy) and lipid profiles. However, the results from these studies have been inconsistent. The current study investigated the correlation between Hcy and lipid profiles in Chinese community-based population. The participants were composed of 4012 Chinese people aged 30-92 years old, who were recruited from rural and urban communities in the Hunan Province. Non-parametric test and logistic regression were used to examine the distribution of Hcy and lipid profiles (triglyceride [TG], total cholesterol [TC], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C], high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C]) and the relationship between them. The median age of subjects was 54.50 years old, and 40.98% were male. Median Hcy was 13.20 μmol/L, and 35.39% had hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy). Median TG was 1.51 mmol/L, TC was 4.77 mmol/L, LDL-C was 2.62 mmol/L, and HDL-C was 1.27 mmol/L. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, HHcy was associated with high levels of TG (ORmale = 2.240, p < 0.001; ORfemale = 2.539, p < 0.001), TC (ORmale = 2.237, p < 0.001; ORfemale = 2.202, p < 0.001), and LDL-C (ORmale = 1.413, p = 0.010; ORfemale = 1.617, p < 0.001) in the different sexes population and low level of HDL-C in females (OR = 1.326, p = 0.023) after adjusting for confounders. HHcy was independently associated with an increasing risk of low HDL-C among females. The regression analysis showed that HHcy was also associated with hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, and high level of LDL-C in males and females from Chinese community-based population, which provides a basis for the treatment and prevention of abnormal lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Niu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Jian Chen
- First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Jia Wang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Li
- First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Dan Zeng
- First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Shuling Wang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Xiuqin Hong
- First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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31
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Sekiguchi A, Endo Y, Yamazaki S, Uchiyama A, Shimizu A, Motegi SI. Plasma homocysteine levels are positively associated with interstitial lung disease in dermatomyositis patients with anti-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase antibody. J Dermatol 2020; 48:34-41. [PMID: 32892413 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.15602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Homocysteine is a sulfhydryl-containing amino acid that is derived from dietary methionine, and there has been increasing evidence that elevated plasma homocysteine levels are associated with increased risk of central and peripheral vascular disorders, including carotid, coronary and peripheral arterial diseases, and Raynaud's phenomenon. Recently, associations of plasma homocysteine levels with autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematodes and systemic sclerosis have been reported. However, no study analyzed the association between plasma homocysteine levels and dermatomyositis (DM). The objective of this study was to examine plasma homocysteine levels and their clinical associations in patients with DM. Plasma homocysteine levels in 28 Japanese patients with DM and 22 healthy controls were examined. We found that the plasma homocysteine levels in DM patients were significantly higher than those in healthy individuals (15.8 ± 1.1 vs 8.5 ± 0.5 µmol/L, P < 0.01). Presence of mechanic's hand, complication of interstitial lung disease (ILD), high serum Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6), surfactant protein-D and creatine kinase levels, and anti-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (ARS) antibody (Ab) positivity were significantly more prevalent among DM patients with elevated plasma homocysteine levels. The plasma homocysteine levels in DM patients with mechanic's hand, ILD and anti-ARS Ab were significantly higher than those in DM without those features. Furthermore, the plasma homocysteine levels were positively correlated with serum KL-6 levels. These results suggest that the pathogenesis of elevated plasma homocysteine levels may be associated with ILD in DM patients, especially with anti-ARS Ab, and further examination is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Sekiguchi
- Department of Dermatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Yukie Endo
- Department of Dermatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Sahori Yamazaki
- Department of Dermatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Akihiko Uchiyama
- Department of Dermatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Akira Shimizu
- Department of Dermatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Sei-Ichiro Motegi
- Department of Dermatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
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Implication of Hyperhomocysteinemia in Blood Retinal Barrier (BRB) Dysfunction. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10081119. [PMID: 32751132 PMCID: PMC7463551 DOI: 10.3390/biom10081119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated plasma homocysteine (Hcy) level, known as hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) has been linked to different systemic and neurological diseases, well-known as a risk factor for systemic atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD) and has been identified as a risk factor for several ocular disorders, such as diabetic retinopathy (DR) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Different mechanisms have been proposed to explain HHcy-induced visual dysfunction, including oxidative stress, upregulation of inflammatory mediators, retinal ganglion cell apoptosis, and extracellular matrix remodeling. Our previous studies using in vivo and in vitro models of HHcy have demonstrated that Hcy impairs the function of both inner and outer blood retinal barrier (BRB). Dysfunction of BRB is a hallmark of vision loss in DR and AMD. Our findings highlighted oxidative stress, ER stress, inflammation, and epigenetic modifications as possible mechanisms of HHcy-induced BRB dysfunction. In addition, we recently reported HHcy-induced brain inflammation as a mechanism of blood–brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction and pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Moreover, we are currently investigating the activation of glutamate receptor N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) as the molecular mechanism for HHcy-induced BRB dysfunction. This review focuses on the studied effects of HHcy on BRB and the controversial role of HHcy in the pathogenesis of aging neurological diseases such as DR, AMD, and AD. We also highlight the possible mechanisms for such deleterious effects of HHcy.
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Hyperhomocysteinemia and Low Folate and Vitamin B12 Are Associated with Vascular Dysfunction and Impaired Nitric Oxide Sensitivity in Morbidly Obese Patients. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12072014. [PMID: 32645905 PMCID: PMC7400872 DOI: 10.3390/nu12072014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a high prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia that has been linked to high cardiovascular risk in obese individuals and could be attributed to poor nutritional status of folate and vitamin B12. We sought to examine the association between blood homocysteine (Hcy) folate, and vitamin B12 levels and vascular dysfunction in morbidly obese adults using novel ex vivo flow-induced dilation (FID) measurements of isolated adipose tissue arterioles. Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was also measured. Subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue biopsies were obtained from morbidly obese individuals and non-obese controls. Resistance arterioles were isolated in which FID, acetylcholine-induced dilation (AChID), and nitric oxide (NO) production were measured in the absence or presence of the NO synthase inhibitor, L-NAME, Hcy, or the superoxide dismutase mimetic, TEMPOL. Our results demonstrated that plasma Hcy concentrations were significantly higher, while folate, vitamin B12, and NO were significantly lower in obese subjects compared to controls. Hcy concentrations correlated positively with BMI, fat %, and insulin levels but not with folate or vitamin B12. Brachial and arteriolar vasodilation were lower in obese subjects, positively correlated with folate and vitamin B12, and inversely correlated with Hcy. Arteriolar NO measurements and sensitivity to L-NAME were lower in obese subjects compared to controls. Finally, Hcy incubation reduced arteriolar FID and NO sensitivity, an effect that was abolished by TEMPOL. In conclusion, these data suggest that high concentrations of plasma Hcy and low concentrations of folate and vitamin B12 could be independent predictors of vascular dysfunction in morbidly obese individuals.
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Liu C, Liu J, Zhang W, Wang Y, Liu Q, Song B, Yuan J, Zhang R. "Two Birds with One Stone" Ruthenium(II) Complex Probe for Biothiols Discrimination and Detection In Vitro and In Vivo. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2000458. [PMID: 32714756 PMCID: PMC7375222 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202000458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a "two birds with one stone" ruthenium(II) complex probe, Ru-NBD, is proposed as an effective tool for biothiols detection and discrimination in vitro and in vivo. Ru-NBD is nonluminescent due to the quenching of Ru(II) complex emission by photoinduced electron transfer (PET) from Ru(II) center to NBD and the quenching of NBD emission through 4-substitution with "O" ether bond. Ru-NBD is capable of reacting with Cys/Hcy to form long-lived red-emitting Ru-OH and short-lived green-emitting NBD-NR, while reacting with GSH to produce Ru-OH and nonemissive NBD-SR. The long lifetime emission of Ru(II) complex allows elimination of short lifetime background and NBD-NR fluorescence for total biothiols detection ("bird" one) by time-gated luminescence (TGL) analysis, and the remarkable difference in luminescence color response allows discrimination GSH and Cys/Hcy ("bird" two) through steady-state luminescence analysis. Ru-NBD features high sensitivity and selectivity, rapid luminescence response, and low cytotoxicity, which enables it to be used as the probe for luminescence and background-free TGL detection and visualization of biothiols in live cells, zebrafish, and mice. The successful development of this probe is anticipated to contribute to the future biological studies of biothiols roles in various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaolong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsSchool of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of TechnologyDalian116024China
| | - Jianping Liu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and NanotechnologyThe University of Queensland, St. LuciaBrisbaneQLD4072Australia
| | - Wenzhu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsSchool of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of TechnologyDalian116024China
| | - Yong‐Lei Wang
- Department of Materials and Environmental ChemistryStockholm UniversityStockholmSE‐10691Sweden
| | - Qi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsSchool of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of TechnologyDalian116024China
| | - Bo Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsSchool of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of TechnologyDalian116024China
| | - Jingli Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsSchool of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of TechnologyDalian116024China
| | - Run Zhang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and NanotechnologyThe University of Queensland, St. LuciaBrisbaneQLD4072Australia
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Schiuma N, Costantino A, Bartolotti T, Dattilo M, Bini V, Aglietti MC, Renga M, Favilli A, Falorni A, Gerli S. Micronutrients in support to the one carbon cycle for the modulation of blood fasting homocysteine in PCOS women. J Endocrinol Invest 2020; 43:779-786. [PMID: 31845191 PMCID: PMC7230049 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-019-01163-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Fasting blood homocysteine is increased in PCOS women and is involved in several of its co-morbidities including cardiovascular disease and infertility. Corrective interventions based on the administration of supra-physiologic doses of folic acid work to a low extent. We aimed to test an alternative approach. METHODS This was a prospective, randomized, parallel group, open label, controlled versus no treatment clinical study. PCOS women aged > 18, free from systemic diseases and from pharmacological treatments were randomized with a 2:1 ratio for treatment with activated micronutrients in support to the carbon cycle (Impryl, Parthenogen, Switzerland-n = 22) or no treatment (n = 10) and followed-up for 3 months. Fasting blood homocysteine, AMH, testosterone, SHBGs, and the resulting FTI were tested before and at the end of the follow-up. RESULTS The mean baseline fasting blood homocysteine was above the normal limit of 12 μMol/L and inversely correlated with SHBG. AMH was also increased, whereas testosterone, SHBG, and FTI were within the normal limit. The treatment achieved a significant reduction of homocysteine, that did not change in the control group, independently of the starting value. The treatment also caused an increase of AMH and a decrease of SHBGs only in the subgroup with a normal homocysteine at baseline. CONCLUSIONS In PCOS ladies, blood homocysteine is increased and inversely correlated with the SHBGs. Physiologic amounts of activated micronutrients in support to the carbon cycle achieve a reduction virtually in all exposed patients. Whether this is of clinical benefit remains to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Schiuma
- Centro Demetra ARTeBIOS, Via Giardini 11, Lugo, RA, Italy
| | - A Costantino
- Centro Demetra ARTeBIOS, Via Giardini 11, Lugo, RA, Italy
| | - T Bartolotti
- Centro Demetra ARTeBIOS, Via Giardini 11, Lugo, RA, Italy
| | - M Dattilo
- Parthenogen, Piazza Indipendenza 11, Lugano, Switzerland.
| | - V Bini
- Section of Internal Medicine and Endocrine and Metabolic Sciences, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - M C Aglietti
- Section of Internal Medicine and Endocrine and Metabolic Sciences, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - M Renga
- Section of Internal Medicine and Endocrine and Metabolic Sciences, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - A Favilli
- Section of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, S. Maria della Misericordia Hospital, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - A Falorni
- Section of Internal Medicine and Endocrine and Metabolic Sciences, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - S Gerli
- Section of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, S. Maria della Misericordia Hospital, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Nehra N, Kaushik R, Vikas D G, Tittal RK. Simpler molecular structure as selective & sensitive ESIPT-based fluorescent probe for cysteine and Homocysteine detection with DFT studies. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.127839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Mei X, Qi D, Zhang T, Zhao Y, Jin L, Hou J, Wang J, Lin Y, Xue Y, Zhu P, Liu Z, Huang L, Nie J, Si W, Ma J, Ye J, Finnell RH, Saiyin H, Wang H, Zhao J, Zhao S, Xu W. Inhibiting MARSs reduces hyperhomocysteinemia-associated neural tube and congenital heart defects. EMBO Mol Med 2020; 12:e9469. [PMID: 32003121 PMCID: PMC7059139 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201809469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia is a common metabolic disorder that imposes major adverse health consequences. Reducing homocysteine levels, however, is not always effective against hyperhomocysteinemia-associated pathologies. Herein, we report the potential roles of methionyl-tRNA synthetase (MARS)-generated homocysteine signals in neural tube defects (NTDs) and congenital heart defects (CHDs). Increased copy numbers of MARS and/or MARS2 were detected in NTD and CHD patients. MARSs sense homocysteine and transmit its signal by inducing protein lysine (N)-homocysteinylation. Here, we identified hundreds of novel N-homocysteinylated proteins. N-homocysteinylation of superoxide dismutases (SOD1/2) provided new mechanistic insights for homocysteine-induced oxidative stress, apoptosis and Wnt signalling deregulation. Elevated MARS expression in developing and proliferating cells sensitizes them to the effects of homocysteine. Targeting MARSs using the homocysteine analogue acetyl homocysteine thioether (AHT) reversed MARS efficacy. AHT lowered NTD and CHD onsets in retinoic acid-induced and hyperhomocysteinemia-induced animal models without affecting homocysteine levels. We provide genetic and biochemical evidence to show that MARSs are previously overlooked genetic determinants and key pathological factors of hyperhomocysteinemia, and suggest that MARS inhibition represents an important medicinal approach for controlling hyperhomocysteinemia-associated diseases.
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Maharjan P, Hilton K, Weil J, Suesuttajit N, Beitia A, Owens CM, Coon C. Characterizing Woody Breast Myopathy in a Meat Broiler Line by Heat Production, Microbiota, and Plasma Metabolites. Front Vet Sci 2020; 6:497. [PMID: 32118050 PMCID: PMC7015036 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Selection for quantitative traits in meat broilers such as breast yield and growth rate exert physiological pressure leading to ante mortem histological and biochemical alterations in muscle tissues. The poultry industry has recently witnessed a myopathy condition affecting Pectoralis major (breast muscle) of broilers, called woody breast (WB), an etiology still unclear to scientific community. A study was conducted to characterize the WB myopathy in a meat broiler line at its finishing phase (d 41) in terms of heat production (HP), microbiota and plasma metabolites. Two treatment groups were studied-WB affected (myopathy) and normal (non-myopathy) broiler; n = 20 in each group. Indirect calorimetry was utilized for HP measurement. Furthermore, body composition (BC) analysis was also performed using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Microbiota in ileal digesta was studied with PCR amplified 16s rRNA gene. LC-MS targeted metabolomics was performed to understand differential expression of plasma metabolites. Results showed that there was difference in fasting HP (P < 0.05) between these two treatment groups, with non-myopathy broiler producing more heat which was indicative of higher body protein content validated by higher protein: fat ratio by BC results. Less protein content in myopathy bird could be due to probable higher mixed muscle degradation occurring in lean tissue as marked by elevated 3-methylhistidine expression in plasma. Microbiota results showed unclassified Lactobacillus as predominant genus with higher abundance occurring in myopathy group; whereas at species level, L. acidipiscis was predominant bacteria for non-myopathy broiler. Differentially significant metabolites (P < 0.05) identified from plasma metabolome between these two treatment groups were homocysteine, cyclic GMP, trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), tyramine, carnitine, and acetylcarnitine, which were all associated to cardiovascular system. The findings suggest that more research in meat broilers could be opted toward delivering reduced vascularity issues to alleviate this myopathy condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramir Maharjan
- Department of Poultry Science, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
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Li Y, Zhu H, Liu M, Zeng Z, Zeng Y, Xu X, Ye M. Significant association between methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene C677T polymorphism with polycystic ovary syndrome risk: A meta-analysis update. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e18720. [PMID: 31977861 PMCID: PMC7004748 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000018720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) may play a pathological role in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). However, the conclusions of published reports on the relationship between the MTHFR C677T polymorphism and PCOS risk remain controversial.To derive a more precise estimation we performed a metaanalysis based on 22 studies that together included 2405 cases and 2419 controls. PubMed, EMBASE, WanFang and the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure databases were used to retrieve articles up to up to October 28, 2019. The crude odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated to evaluate the association.Metaanalysis results showed a significant association between the MTHFR C677T polymorphism and PCOS risk in 3 genetic models (allele model: OR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.27-1.53; dominant model: OR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.17-1.85); homozygous model: OR = 1.90, 95% CI = 1.55-2.32). Moreover, significant associations were observed when stratified by ethnicity, source of controls, etiology, and genotype methods.This metaanalysis suggests that the T-allele of the MTHFR C677T polymorphism is associated with an increased risk of PCOS, especially in Asians further studies with larger population sizes are needed to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Li
- Gynecology of Tranditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Hongqiu Zhu
- Department of Gynaecology, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Reproductive and Women-Children Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Min Liu
- Gynecology of Tranditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Zhulan Zeng
- Gynecology of Tranditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Yanling Zeng
- Gynecology of Tranditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Xinlei Xu
- Gynecology of Tranditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Min Ye
- Gynecology of Tranditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
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Singh S, Mohan B. Triple-Vessel Coronary Artery Disease Associated with Familial Hyperhomocysteinemia. Res Cardiovasc Med 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/rcm.rcm_34_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Choi JW, Chong S, Phi JH, Lee JY, Kim HS, Chae JH, Lee J, Kim SK. Postoperative Symptomatic Cerebral Infarction in Pediatric Moyamoya Disease: Risk Factors and Clinical Outcome. World Neurosurg 2019; 136:e158-e164. [PMID: 31870818 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2019.12.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indirect bypass surgery is used to improve the hemodynamic status of pediatric patients with moyamoya disease (MMD). Symptomatic cerebral infarction during the early postoperative period may be the most frustrating complication. This study was conducted to investigate the factors associated with early postoperative symptomatic cerebral infarction. METHODS Between January 2000 and February 2014, we performed 1241 indirect bypass surgeries in 659 pediatric MMD patients. Symptomatic infarction during the early postoperative period was diagnosed in 63 operations in 61 patients. RESULTS The overall incidence of symptomatic cerebral infarction after indirect bypass surgery was 5.1%. The median age of the patients with postoperative infarction was 6 years (mean, 6.4 years; range, 1-15 years). The performance of 2 craniotomies in single operation was associated with a higher rate of cerebral infarction. Moreover, the incidence was higher in young patients (age <6 years) compared with older patients. In a matched analysis, an immediate postoperative hemoglobin level >13 g/dL was associated with decreased risk of infarction (odds ratio, 0.144; P = 0.003). Mutation of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene occurred in a relatively high proportion of our infarction cohort. CONCLUSIONS Postoperative symptomatic infarctions can occur despite a unified surgical method and formulaic perioperative management protocol. Patient-centered factors, such as young age, genetic background of MTHFR, and certain medical conditions, including hyperthyroidism, renovascular hypertension, and hemolytic uremic syndrome, as well as management-related factors, including 2 craniotomies and low immediate postoperative hemoglobin level, could be risk factors for early postoperative symptomatic cerebral infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Won Choi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangjoon Chong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Phi
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeoun Lee
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Soo Kim
- Division of Pediatric Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hee Chae
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joongyub Lee
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Medical Research Collaborating Center, Biomedical Research Institution, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Ki Kim
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Yousaf Z, Razok A, Elzouki AN, Sabobeh T. Hypotension: an unusual presentation of vitamin B 12 deficiency, with complete recovery following cyanocobalamin therapy. BMJ Case Rep 2019; 12:12/12/e232677. [DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2019-232677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin B12 deficiency and its sequelae are well described and reported, especially in vegetarians. However, its association with haemodynamic instability is not well identified. We report a case of a young man, previously healthy, presenting with fever, hypotension requiring vasopressors and pancytopenia. Extensive workup was unrevealing for possible infective, inflammatory or endocrine causes except for vitamin B12 deficiency. Fever and haematological parameters stabilised after adequate supplementation of cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12).
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Pocovi-Gerardino G, Correa-Rodríguez M, Rubio JLC, Fernández RR, Amada MM, Caparros MGC, Rueda-Medina B, Ortego-Centeno N. The Relationships of High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein and Homocysteine Levels With Disease Activity, Damage Accrual, and Cardiovascular Risk in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Biol Res Nurs 2019; 22:169-177. [PMID: 31763930 DOI: 10.1177/1099800419889192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
RESULTS hs-CRP correlated significantly with SLEDAI-2K (p = .036), SDI (p = .00), anti-dsDNA titers (p = .034), diabetes (p = .005), and obesity (p = .027). hs-CRP and Hcy correlated with triglyceride (TG) levels (p = .032 and p < .001, respectively), TG/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol index (p = .020 and p = .001, respectively), and atherogenic index of plasma (p = .006 and p = .016, respectively). hs-CRP levels >3 mg/L correlated with SDI score (p = .012) and several CVD risk factors. DISCUSSION Findings suggest SLE patients with elevated hs-CRP and/or Hcy have a higher prevalence of CVD risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Pocovi-Gerardino
- Public Health and Clinic Medicine Program, University of Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Granada, Spain
| | - Maria Correa-Rodríguez
- Public Health and Clinic Medicine Program, University of Granada, Spain.,Department of Nursing, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Granada, Spain
| | - José-Luis Callejas Rubio
- Unidad de Enfermedades Autoinmunes Sistémicas, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Granada, Spain
| | - Raquel Ríos Fernández
- Unidad de Enfermedades Autoinmunes Sistémicas, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Granada, Spain
| | - María Martín Amada
- Unidad de Enfermedades Autoinmunes Sistémicas, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Complejo Hospitalario de Jaén, Spain
| | - María-Gracia Cruz Caparros
- Unidad de Enfermedades Autoinmunes Sistémicas, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital de Poniente, Almería, Spain
| | - Blanca Rueda-Medina
- Public Health and Clinic Medicine Program, University of Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Granada, Spain
| | - Norberto Ortego-Centeno
- Department of Nursing, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Granada, Spain.,Unidad de Enfermedades Autoinmunes Sistémicas, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Granada, Spain
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Li M, Kang N, Zhang C, Liang W, Zhang G, Jia J, Yao Q, Shuang S, Dong C. A turn-on fluorescence probe for cysteine/homocysteine based on the nucleophilic-induced rearrangement of benzothiazole thioether. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 222:117262. [PMID: 31212195 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A fluorescent probe, 4-(benzothiazole-2-ylthio)-7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (TBT-NBD) was developed for cysteine (Cys) and homocysteine (Hcy). The reaction mechanism was based on the Cys/Hcy-induced nucleophilic substitution of benzothiazole thioether then Smiles rearrangement reaction to form corresponding amino-nitrobenzoxadiazole, which emitted yellow-green fluorescence and guaranteed the high selectivity for Cys/Hcy over glutathione (GSH). TBT-NBD could detect Cys/Hcy within 5 min in the presence of high concentration of GSH and other amino acids. Moreover, TBT-NBD had been exploited to identify intracellular Cys/Hcy in living cells in light of its low toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Na Kang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Caihong Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| | - Wenting Liang
- Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Guomei Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Jinping Jia
- Science Instrument Center, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Qingjia Yao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Shaomin Shuang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Chuan Dong
- Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
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45
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Alam SF, Kumar S, Ganguly P. Measurement of homocysteine: a historical perspective. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2019; 65:171-177. [PMID: 31777417 PMCID: PMC6877406 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.19-49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated plasma level of homocysteine is being increasingly associated with many diseases. There is a significant interest in the development of methods to determine the total homocysteine in biologically relevant tissues. Over the years, researchers use various methods to determine the exact concentrations of homocysteine in these tissues. However, the precise method used in many studies earlier was questionable. We have reviewed various methodologies for the measurement of homocysteine. We list the commonly used methodologies currently in use to determine homocysteine levels. Through extensive literature search, we have come up with the most popular as well as the newest measurement modalities and listed them with a brief discussion of each of the methodology. In conclusion, we have presented the historical perspective of homocysteine measurement in biological fluids in this manuscript. Thus, the precise understanding of its concentration in biological fluids coupled with its importance in health and disease should justify a newer but reliable technique in the area of ongoing research in homocysteine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreyoshi Fatima Alam
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, PO Box 50927, Riyadh 11533, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Santosh Kumar
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, PO Box 50927, Riyadh 11533, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Paul Ganguly
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, PO Box 50927, Riyadh 11533, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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46
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Yang M, Fan J, Sun W, Du J, Peng X. Mitochondria-Anchored Colorimetric and Ratiometric Fluorescent Chemosensor for Visualizing Cysteine/Homocysteine in Living Cells and Daphnia magna Model. Anal Chem 2019; 91:12531-12537. [PMID: 31507158 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b03386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cysteine (Cys) and homocysteine (Hcy) are essential for maintaining the cellular redox homeostasis and play critical roles in pathological and physiological processes. The development of Cys/Hcy-specific responsive fluorescent probes that are independent of the surrounding environment, equipment, and abundant endogenous GSH is critical to accurately investigate the roles of Cys/Hcy in living biological systems. In this work, a novel ratiometric and mitochondria-anchored fluorescence chemosensor, PYR, was constructed on the basis of 4-methylphenol-substituted pyronin fluorophore. The probe exhibited ratiometric fluorescence emission (F540 nm/F620 nm) for the detection of Cys/Hcy with high selectivity, sensitivity (Cys, 22 nM; Hcy, 23 nM), rapid response (Cys, 5 min), and a merit enhancement of ratio fluorescent signal (Cys, 163-fold; Hcy, 125-fold). The probe showed excellent membrane permeability and was applied to visualize mitochondrial biothiols in living cells under H2O2-induced redox imbalance, kidney tissues with a penetration depth of 100 μm, and Daphnia magna model for the first time. The results demonstrate that PYR will provide a promising platform for the diagnosis of thiol-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingwang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , 2 Linggong Road , Dalian , 116024 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangli Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , 2 Linggong Road , Dalian , 116024 , People's Republic of China.,Research Institute of Dalian University of Technology in Shenzhen , Gaoxin South Fourth Road, Nanshan District , Shen zhen 518057 , China
| | - Wen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , 2 Linggong Road , Dalian , 116024 , People's Republic of China.,Research Institute of Dalian University of Technology in Shenzhen , Gaoxin South Fourth Road, Nanshan District , Shen zhen 518057 , China
| | - Jianjun Du
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , 2 Linggong Road , Dalian , 116024 , People's Republic of China.,Research Institute of Dalian University of Technology in Shenzhen , Gaoxin South Fourth Road, Nanshan District , Shen zhen 518057 , China
| | - Xiaojun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , 2 Linggong Road , Dalian , 116024 , People's Republic of China.,Research Institute of Dalian University of Technology in Shenzhen , Gaoxin South Fourth Road, Nanshan District , Shen zhen 518057 , China
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47
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Evaluation of Vitamin B12 Deficiency and Associated Factors in Patients With Systemic Sclerosis. J Clin Rheumatol 2019; 24:250-254. [PMID: 29384828 DOI: 10.1097/rhu.0000000000000686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE In patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) gastrointestinal (GI) involvement, nutritional status and medications may lead to cobalamin (Vit B12) deficiency. We aimed to determine the frequency and the potential causes of Vit B12 deficiency in SSc patients. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 62 SSc patients in a single center in 1 year period. Medical history and physical examination of patients were reevaluated. Data about organ involvements were obtained from hospital file records. The nutritional status of the patients was assessed with Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST). Vit B12, homocysteine (except in three patients) and Helicobacter Pylori Immunoglobulin G (H. Pylori IgG) levels were measured in all patients. Vit B12 deficiency was considered as serum Vit B12 level <200 pg/mL or being on Vit B12 replacement therapy. Serum Vit B12 levels of the patients were also grouped as low (<200 pg/mL), borderline (200-300 pg/mL) and normal (>300 pg/mL). Plasma homocysteine levels of the patients were classified as elevated (>9 μmol/L) and hyperhomocysteinemia (>15 μmol/L). Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to compare parameters among the groups. Correlation was tested by Spearman's correlation coefficient. RESULTS Forty-four (71.0%) patients were defined as Vit B12 deficient; 22 had Vit B12 level <200 pg/mL (four were on Vit B12 replacement therapy) and the remaining 22 had Vit B12 >200 pg/mL and were already on Vit B12 replacement therapy. The percentage of the patients with hyperhomocysteinemia was significantly higher in the group with Vit B12 <200 pg/mL as compared to other groups (P = 0.004) but only 33.3% (7/21) of the patients with Vit B12 <200 pg/mL had hyperhomocysteinemia. There were no statistically significant differences between patients with and without Vit B12 deficiency regarding age, mean disease duration, MUST scores, mean hemoglobin levels, H. Pylori IgG positivity and organ involvements (P > 0.05 for all). CONCLUSIONS Vit B12 deficiency is frequent in SSc and has multiple causes. All patients should be monitored for Vit B12 deficiency. The homocysteine levels seem unlikely to be helpful for confirmation of Vit B12 deficiency.
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48
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Kim T, Hong JI. Photoluminescence and Electrochemiluminescence Dual-Signaling Sensors for Selective Detection of Cysteine Based on Iridium(III) Complexes. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:12616-12625. [PMID: 31460382 PMCID: PMC6682121 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Cysteine (Cys) is important in biosynthesis, detoxification, and metabolism. The selective detection of Cys over structurally similar homocysteine (Hcy) or glutathione (GSH) remains an immense challenge. Although there are many methods for detecting Cys, photoluminescence (PL) and electrochemiluminescence (ECL) techniques are well-suited for clinical diagnostics and analytical technology because of their high sensitivities. Herein, we report PL and ECL dual-channel sensors using cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes for the discrimination of Cys from Hcy and GSH. The sensors react with cysteine preferentially because of kinetic differences in intramolecular conjugate addition/cyclization, enabling phosphorescence enhancement and ECL decrease in the blue-shifted region. Sensor 1 shows ratiometric PL turn-on and ECL turn-off for Cys. In addition, unique ECL-enhancing behavior of sensor 1 toward GSH enables discrimination between Cys and GSH. Sensor 1 was successfully applied to the detection of Cys in human serum by the ECL method. We demonstrate the first case of a Cys-selective PL and ECL dual-channel chemodosimetric sensor based on cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes and expect that the rational design of efficient PL and ECL dual-channel sensors will be useful in diagnostic technology.
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49
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Long Z, Chen L, Dang Y, Chen D, Lou X, Xia F. An ultralow concentration of two-photon fluorescent probe for rapid and selective detection of lysosomal cysteine in living cells. Talanta 2019; 204:762-768. [PMID: 31357363 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.06.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Herein we reported a two-photon (TP) fluorescence "turn-on" probe MNPO, exhibiting high selectivity and sensitivity towards intracellular cysteine (Cys) with excellent lysosomal localization. The probe displayed fast response towards Cys over homocysteine (Hcy), glutathione (GSH), and other various analytes under physiological conditions. Low cytotoxicity made it successful for TP imaging of Cys in HeLa cells with an ultralow probe concentration of 250 nM, and a rapid response of only 10 min. Simultaneously, colocalization experiments in lysosome demonstrated its ability for specific in situ detection of lysosomal Cys in living cells, which shed light on its potential applications in biomedical applications. Beyond that MNPO was successfully applied for TP imaging of Cys in mice organ tissues such as heart, liver, and spleen, and the penetration depth of mice heart tissue was up to 184 μm, which disclosed the predominant TP characteristic. We believe that this study will provide some useful information toward diagnosis and treatment of pathogenesis associated with Cys or lysosomes in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Long
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, PR China
| | - Li Chen
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, PR China
| | - Yecheng Dang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, PR China
| | - Dugang Chen
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, PR China.
| | - Xiaoding Lou
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, PR China.
| | - Fan Xia
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, PR China
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50
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Paratthakonkun C, Kaewprasert S, Arthan D, Soonthornworasiri N, Tungtrongchitr R, Prangthip P, Wongsutthilerd A, Pooudoung S, Chantaranipapong Y, Nakosiri W, Aroonnual A, Chupeerach C, Chanchai S, Nana A. Associations among serum folate, waist-to-hip ratio, lipid profile, and eating habits with homocysteine in an elderly Thai population. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2019; 89:246-254. [PMID: 30982444 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A lower serum folate level is common in older populations and is associated with increased serum homocysteine concentration. In turn, an elevated homocysteine level is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease and age-related diseases. Contemporary studies of folate and dietary risk factors for cardiovascular disease among the elderly population in Thailand are lacking. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the relationships among serum folate, homocysteine level, and nutritional status in the elderly Thai. Three hundred individuals, aged 60 years and over, underwent anthropometric and physiological measurements, and biochemical parameters, and eating habits were also determined. Folate insufficiency was found in approximately 35% of subjects. Folate and homocysteine showed a significant inverse correlation. Serum homocysteine levels rose with increasing age. Folate deficiency and high waist-to-hip ratio were associated with 7-fold and 2.5-fold increased risk for hyperhomocysteinemia, respectively. There were positive correlations between homocysteine and waist-to-hip ratio and systolic blood pressure, but a negative correlation between homocysteine and high-density lipoprotein (r = -0.239, p < 0.01), which are markers for cardiovascular disease risk. Folate negatively correlated with body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, and diastolic blood pressure, but positively with high-density lipoprotein (r = 0.162, p < 0.01). Investigation of eating habits showed that low consumption of green leafy vegetables and high consumption of sugary foods were associated with high homocysteine levels. Given associations between nutritional status and cardiovascular disease confirmed in this study, nutrition education, holistic health promotion, and appropriate behavioral modification of eating habits represent important measures for preventing premature cardiovascular disease in the elderly Thai population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chirawat Paratthakonkun
- Department of Tropical Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University.,College of Sports Science and Technology, Mahidol University
| | - Sarunya Kaewprasert
- Department of Tropical Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University
| | - Dumrongkiet Arthan
- Department of Tropical Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University
| | | | - Rungsunn Tungtrongchitr
- Department of Tropical Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University
| | - Pattaneeya Prangthip
- Department of Tropical Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University
| | | | - Somchai Pooudoung
- Department of Tropical Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University
| | | | - Wanyarat Nakosiri
- Department of Tropical Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University
| | - Amornrat Aroonnual
- Department of Tropical Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University
| | | | | | - Arth Nana
- College of Sports Science and Technology, Mahidol University
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