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Xie L, Wu Q, Li K, Khan MAS, Zhang A, Sinha B, Li S, Chang SL, Brody DL, Grinstaff MW, Zhou S, Alterovitz G, Liu P, Wang X. Tryptophan Metabolism in Alzheimer's Disease with the Involvement of Microglia and Astrocyte Crosstalk and Gut-Brain Axis. Aging Dis 2024; 15:2168-2190. [PMID: 38916729 PMCID: PMC11346405 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2024.0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-dependent neurodegenerative disease characterized by extracellular Amyloid Aβ peptide (Aβ) deposition and intracellular Tau protein aggregation. Glia, especially microglia and astrocytes are core participants during the progression of AD and these cells are the mediators of Aβ clearance and degradation. The microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) is a complex interactive network between the gut and brain involved in neurodegeneration. MGBA affects the function of glia in the central nervous system (CNS), and microbial metabolites regulate the communication between astrocytes and microglia; however, whether such communication is part of AD pathophysiology remains unknown. One of the potential links in bilateral gut-brain communication is tryptophan (Trp) metabolism. The microbiota-originated Trp and its metabolites enter the CNS to control microglial activation, and the activated microglia subsequently affect astrocyte functions. The present review highlights the role of MGBA in AD pathology, especially the roles of Trp per se and its metabolism as a part of the gut microbiota and brain communications. We (i) discuss the roles of Trp derivatives in microglia-astrocyte crosstalk from a bioinformatics perspective, (ii) describe the role of glia polarization in the microglia-astrocyte crosstalk and AD pathology, and (iii) summarize the potential of Trp metabolism as a therapeutic target. Finally, we review the role of Trp in AD from the perspective of the gut-brain axis and microglia, as well as astrocyte crosstalk, to inspire the discovery of novel AD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lushuang Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610075, China
| | - Qiaofeng Wu
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610075, China
| | - Kelin Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Mohammed A S Khan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Andrew Zhang
- Biomedical Cybernetics Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bharati Sinha
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sihui Li
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610075, China
| | - Sulie L Chang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ 07079, USA
| | - David L Brody
- Department of Neurology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Mark W Grinstaff
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Shuanhu Zhou
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gil Alterovitz
- Biomedical Cybernetics Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Pinghua Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Zheng Y, Zhang X, Wang Z, Zhang R, Wei H, Yan X, Jiang X, Yang L. MCC950 as a promising candidate for blocking NLRP3 inflammasome activation: A review of preclinical research and future directions. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024:e2400459. [PMID: 39180246 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202400459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
The NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a key component of the innate immune system that triggers inflammation and pyroptosis and contributes to the development of several diseases. Therefore, blocking the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome has therapeutic potential for the treatment of these diseases. MCC950, a selective small molecule inhibitor, has emerged as a promising candidate for blocking NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Ongoing research is focused on elucidating the specific targets of MCC950 as well as assessfing its metabolism and safety profile. This review discusses the diseases that have been studied in relation to MCC950, with a focus on stroke, Alzheimer's disease, liver injury, atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, and sepsis, using bibliometric analysis. It then summarizes the potential pharmacological targets of MCC950 and discusses its toxicity. Furthermore, it traces the progression from preclinical to clinical research for the treatment of these diseases. Overall, this review provides a solid foundation for the clinical therapeutic potential of MCC950 and offers insights for future research and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Zheng
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinghai, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaolu Zhang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinghai, Tianjin, China
| | - Ziyu Wang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinghai, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruifeng Zhang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinghai, Tianjin, China
| | - Huayuan Wei
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinghai, Tianjin, China
| | - Xu Yan
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinghai, Tianjin, China
| | - Xijuan Jiang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinghai, Tianjin, China
| | - Lin Yang
- School of Medicial Technology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, Jinghai, China
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Margutti P, D'Ambrosio A, Zamboni S. Microbiota-Derived Extracellular Vesicle as Emerging Actors in Host Interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8722. [PMID: 39201409 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The human microbiota is an intricate micro-ecosystem comprising a diverse range of dynamic microbial populations mainly consisting of bacteria, whose interactions with hosts strongly affect several physiological and pathological processes. The gut microbiota is being increasingly recognized as a critical player in maintaining homeostasis, contributing to the main functions of the intestine and distal organs such as the brain. However, gut dysbiosis, characterized by composition and function alterations of microbiota with intestinal barrier dysfunction has been linked to the development and progression of several pathologies, including intestinal inflammatory diseases, systemic autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatic arthritis, and neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease. Moreover, oral microbiota research has gained significant interest in recent years due to its potential impact on overall health. Emerging evidence on the role of microbiota-host interactions in health and disease has triggered a marked interest on the functional role of bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) as mediators of inter-kingdom communication. Accumulating evidence reveals that BEVs mediate host interactions by transporting and delivering into host cells effector molecules that modulate host signaling pathways and cell processes, influencing health and disease. This review discusses the critical role of BEVs from the gut, lung, skin and oral cavity in the epithelium, immune system, and CNS interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Margutti
- Department of Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Zamboni
- Department of Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
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Dhurve G, Behera SR, Kodetham G, Siddavattam D. Outer membrane vesicles of Acinetobacter baumannii DS002 carry circular DNA similar to bovine meat and milk factors (BMMFs) and SPHINX 2.36 and probably play a role in interdomain lateral gene transfer. Microbiol Spectr 2024:e0081724. [PMID: 39101807 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00817-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The discovery of Replication Competent Circular DNA molecules in mammalian cells and tissues is being linked to debilitating diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), and colorectal cancer (CRC). These circular DNA molecules, otherwise known as bovine meat and milk factors (BMMFs) and Slow Progressive Hidden INfections of variable (X) latency (SPHINX), bear significant (80%) sequence similarity with the plasmids of Acinetobacter baumannii strains. Nanostructures, such as bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) serve as vehicles for transporting biomolecular cargo and have the potential to facilitate interkingdom lateral mobility of DNA. Strengthening the proposed hypothesis, this study demonstrates that OMVs derived from A. baumannii DS002 carrying four plasmids and genome (pTS236) of phage, AbDs1, successfully reached different parts of the body, including the central nervous system, following the injection of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled OMVs into experimental mice. Out of the four OMV-associated plasmids, three (pTS4586, pTS9900, and pTS134338) were identified within the lumen, and the fourth one (pTS11291) was found on the surface of OMVs. In addition to the indigenous plasmids, the phage-encoded protein, Orf96, anchored on the surface of the OMVs by establishing a strong interaction with the OMV-associated porin, OmpA. Intriguingly, a subset of labeled OMVs, when incubated with Neuro2A cells, translocated across the membrane and reached to the cytoplasmic space of the cells. Collectively, the experimental evidence presented herein underscores the promising potential of OMVs as vehicles for delivering molecular cargo containing plasmids and phage genomes to diverse mammalian tissues and cells. IMPORTANCE Several independent studies have demonstrated the existence of replication competent circular DNA molecules of bacterial and viral origin in mammalian cells and tissues. However, studies about their origin and lateral mobility to mammalian cells are scarce. Our work describes the existence of circular DNA, similar to that of DNA molecules identified in mammalian cells, OMVs derived from soil isolate of A. baumannii DS002. Furthermore, the work also provides visual evidence that demonstrates the passage of labeled OMVs to different organs of experimental mice within hours after intravenously administering OMVs into experimental mice. Some of the labeled OMVs have even crossed the membrane of Neuro2A, suggesting the existence of interkingdom horizontal mobility between bacteria and mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganeshwari Dhurve
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Sandhya Rani Behera
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Gopinath Kodetham
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Dayananda Siddavattam
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Zhang H, Lin Y, Li S, Bi J, Zeng J, Mo C, Xu S, Jia B, Lu Y, Liu C, Liu Z. Effects of bacterial extracellular vesicles derived from oral and gastrointestinal pathogens on systemic diseases. Microbiol Res 2024; 285:127788. [PMID: 38833831 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Oral microbiota and gastrointestinal microbiota, the two largest microbiomes in the human body, are closely correlated and frequently interact through the oral-gut axis. Recent research has focused on the roles of these microbiomes in human health and diseases. Under normal conditions, probiotics and commensal bacteria can positively impact health. However, altered physiological states may induce dysbiosis, increasing the risk of pathogen colonization. Studies suggest that oral and gastrointestinal pathogens contribute not only to localized diseases at their respective colonized sites but also to the progression of systemic diseases. However, the mechanisms by which bacteria at these local sites are involved in systemic diseases remain elusive. In response to this gap, the focus has shifted to bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs), which act as mediators of communication between the microbiota and the host. Numerous studies have reported the targeted delivery of bacterial pathogenic substances from the oral cavity and the gastrointestinal tract to distant organs via BEVs. These pathogenic components subsequently elicit specific cellular responses in target organs, thereby mediating the progression of systemic diseases. This review aims to elucidate the extensive microbial communication via the oral-gut axis, summarize the types and biogenesis mechanisms of BEVs, and highlight the translocation pathways of oral and gastrointestinal BEVs in vivo, as well as the impacts of pathogens-derived BEVs on systemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Yunhe Lin
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Siwei Li
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Jiaming Bi
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Jiawei Zeng
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Chuzi Mo
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Shuaimei Xu
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Bo Jia
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Yu Lu
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Chengxia Liu
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Zhongjun Liu
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China.
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Huang S, Lin J, Han X. Extracellular vesicles-Potential link between periodontal disease and diabetic complications. Mol Oral Microbiol 2024; 39:225-239. [PMID: 38227219 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
It has long been suggested that a bidirectional impact exists between periodontitis and diabetes. Periodontitis may affect diabetes glycemic control, insulin resistance, and diabetic complications. Diabetes can worsen periodontitis by delaying wound healing and increasing the chance of infection. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are heterogeneous particles of membrane-enclosed spherical structure secreted by eukaryotes and prokaryotes and play a key role in a variety of diseases. This review will introduce the biogenesis, release, and biological function of EVs from a microbial and host cell perspective, discuss the functional properties of EVs in the development of periodontitis and diabetes, and explore their role in the pathogenesis and clinical application of these two diseases. Their clinical implication and diagnostic value are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyuan Huang
- Department of Oral Science and Translation Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiang Lin
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaozhe Han
- Department of Oral Science and Translation Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA
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Zhu J, Li M, Li J, Wu J. Sialic acid metabolism of oral bacteria and its potential role in colorectal cancer and Alzheimer's disease. Carbohydr Res 2024; 541:109172. [PMID: 38823062 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2024.109172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Sialic acid metabolism in oral bacteria is a complex process involving nutrient acquisition, immune evasion, cell surface modification, and the production of metabolites that contribute to bacterial persistence and virulence in the oral cavity. In addition to causing various periodontal diseases, certain oral pathogenic bacteria, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Fusobacterium nucleatum, can induce inflammatory reactions and influence the immunity of host cells. These associations with host cells are linked to various diseases, particularly colorectal cancer and Alzheimer's disease. Sialic acid can be found in the host oral mucosa, saliva, or food residues in the oral cavity, and it may promote the colonization of oral bacteria and contribute to disease development. This review aims to summarize the role of sialic acid metabolism in oral bacteria and discuss its effect on the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Mengyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Jinfang Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Jianrong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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Chuang WC, Yang CN, Wang HW, Lin SK, Yu CC, Syu JH, Chiang CP, Shiao YJ, Chen YW. The mechanisms of Porphyromonas gingivalis-derived outer membrane vesicles-induced neurotoxicity and microglia activation. J Dent Sci 2024; 19:1434-1442. [PMID: 39035337 PMCID: PMC11259672 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2024.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Periodontitis is associated with various systemic diseases, potentially facilitated by the passage of Porphyromonas gingivalis outer membrane vesicles (Pg-OMVs). Several recent studies have suggested a connection between Pg-OMVs and neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration, but the precise causal relationship remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms underlying these associations using in vitro models. Materials and methods Isolated Pg-OMVs were characterized by morphology, size, and gingipain activity. We exposed SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and BV-2 microglial cells to various concentrations of Pg-OMVs. Cell morphology, a 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and Western blot analysis were used to evaluate the cellular mechanism underlying Pg-OMV-induced neurotoxicity in neuronal cells and inflammatory responses in microglial cells. Results Exposure to Pg-OMVs induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells, as evidenced by cellular shrinkage, reduced viability, activation of apoptotic pathways, and diminished neuronal differentiation markers. Gingipain inhibition mitigated these effects, suggesting that gingipain mediates Pg-OMVs-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. Our research on neuroinflammation suggests that upon endocytosis of Pg-OMVs by BV-2 cells, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can modulate the production of inducible nitric oxide synthase and tumor necrosis factor-alpha by activating pathways that involve phosphorylated AKT and the phosphorylated JNK pathway. Conclusion Our study demonstrated that following the endocytosis of Pg-OMVs, gingipain can induce neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. Furthermore, the Pg-OMVs-associated LPS can trigger neuroinflammation via AKT and JNK signaling pathways in BV-2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chun Chuang
- Department of Dentistry, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ning Yang
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Han-Wei Wang
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sze-Kwan Lin
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chu Yu
- Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jhe-Hao Syu
- Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Pin Chiang
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Young-Ji Shiao
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Chen
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Yang J, Zhi W, Wang L. Role of Tau Protein in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Development of Its Targeted Drugs: A Literature Review. Molecules 2024; 29:2812. [PMID: 38930877 PMCID: PMC11206543 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29122812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Tau protein is a microtubule-associated protein that is widely distributed in the central nervous system and maintains and regulates neuronal morphology and function. Tau protein aggregates abnormally and forms neurofibrillary tangles in neurodegenerative diseases, disrupting the structure and function of neurons and leading to neuronal death, which triggers the initiation and progression of neurological disorders. The aggregation of tau protein in neurodegenerative diseases is associated with post-translational modifications, which may affect the hydrophilicity, spatial conformation, and stability of tau protein, promoting tau protein aggregation and the formation of neurofibrillary tangles. Therefore, studying the role of tau protein in neurodegenerative diseases and the mechanism of aberrant aggregation is important for understanding the mechanism of neurodegenerative diseases and finding therapeutic approaches. This review describes the possible mechanisms by which tau protein promotes neurodegenerative diseases, the post-translational modifications of tau protein and associated influencing factors, and the current status of drug discovery and development related to tau protein, which may contribute to the development of new therapeutic approaches to alleviate or treat neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiakai Yang
- Graduate Collaborative Training Base of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China;
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Weijia Zhi
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Lifeng Wang
- Graduate Collaborative Training Base of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China;
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China
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Dai X, Liang R, Dai M, Li X, Zhao W. Smoking Impacts Alzheimer's Disease Progression Through Oral Microbiota Modulation. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04241-1. [PMID: 38795302 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04241-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an important public health challenge with a limited understanding of its pathogenesis. Smoking is a significant modifiable risk factor for AD progression, and its specific mechanism is often interpreted from a toxicological perspective. However, microbial infections also contribute to AD, with oral microbiota playing a crucial role in its progression. Notably, smoking alters the ecological structure and pathogenicity of the oral microbiota. Currently, there is no systematic review or summary of the relationship between these three factors; thus, understanding this association can help in the development of new treatments. This review summarizes the connections between smoking, AD, and oral microbiota from existing research. It also explores how smoking affects the occurrence and development of AD through oral microbiota, and examines treatments for oral microbiota that delay the progression of AD. Furthermore, this review emphasizes the potential of the oral microbiota to act as a biomarker for AD. Finally, it considers the feasibility of probiotics and oral antibacterial therapy to expand treatment methods for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingzhu Dai
- Department of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Liang
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Manqiong Dai
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanghong Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Shao Z, Lu Y, Xing A, He X, Xie H, Hu M. Effect of outer membrane vesicles of Lactobacillus pentosus on Tau phosphorylation and CDK5-Calpain pathway in mice. Exp Gerontol 2024; 189:112400. [PMID: 38484904 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) stands as a neurodegenerative disorder causing cognitive decline, posing a significant health concern for the elderly population in China. This study explored the effects of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) from the gut microbiota of AD patients on learning and memory abilities and Tau protein phosphorylation in mice. In contrast to the OMVs from healthy controls and the PBS treatment group, mice treated with AD-OMVs exhibited notable declines in learning and memory capabilities, as evidenced by results from the Morris water maze, Y-maze, and novel object recognition tests. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot assessments unveiled elevated levels of hyperphosphorylated Tau in the cortex and hippocampus of mice treated with AD-OMVs. However, there were no alterations observed in the total Tau levels. In addition, AD-OMVs treated mice showed increased neuroinflammation indicated by elevated astrocytes and microglia. Molecular mechanism studies demonstrated that AD-OMVs could activate GSK3β, CDK5-Calpain and NF-κB pathways in mice hippocampus. These studies suggest AD patient gut microbiota derived OMVs can promote host Tau phosphorylation and improved neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongying Shao
- Department of liver diseases, Tai'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yanjun Lu
- Department of liver diseases, Tai'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Aihong Xing
- TCM Prevent&Health Care Dept Tai'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiying He
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hongyan Xie
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ming Hu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, China.
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Sun X, Lu Y, Pang Q, Luo B, Jiang Q. Tooth loss impairs cognitive function in SAMP8 mice via the NLRP3/Caspase-1 pathway. Oral Dis 2024; 30:2746-2755. [PMID: 37357357 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Loss of occlusal support due to tooth loss has been indicated as one of the risk factors for Alzheimer's disease. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between tooth loss and cognitive dysfunction and illustrate the role of neuroinflammation in advancing Alzheimer's disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male 5-month-old senescence-accelerated mouse strain P8 (SAMP8) mice were divided into three groups (n = 7): the C (control), S (sham-operated), and TL (tooth loss) groups. The Morris water maze (MWM) test was performed to assess spatial memory. Additionally, histopathological and molecular assessments of hippocampal tissues were performed. RESULTS The TL groups exhibited impaired spatial memory in the water maze. Tooth loss induced higher protein expression levels of the neuroinflammation cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in the hippocampus than in the S and C groups. Tooth loss activated the NLRP3 inflammasome and increased the expression of Caspase-1 in the hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicated that tooth loss impairs cognitive function in SAMP8 mice and is closely related to the activation of NLRP3/Caspase-1 in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Sun
- Department of Prosthodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunping Lu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Pang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Luo
- Department of Prosthodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qingsong Jiang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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13
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Ermini F, Low VF, Song JJ, Tan AYS, Faull RLM, Dragunow M, Curtis MA, Dominy SS. Ultrastructural localization of Porphyromonas gingivalis gingipains in the substantia nigra of Parkinson's disease brains. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2024; 10:90. [PMID: 38664405 PMCID: PMC11045759 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-024-00705-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Gingipains are protease virulence factors produced by Porphyromonas gingivalis, a Gram-negative bacterium best known for its role in chronic periodontitis. Gingipains were recently identified in the middle temporal gyrus of postmortem Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains, where gingipain load correlated with AD diagnosis and tau and ubiquitin pathology. Since AD and Parkinson's disease (PD) share some overlapping pathologic features, including nigral pathology and Lewy bodies, the current study explored whether gingipains are present in the substantia nigra pars compacta of PD brains. In immunohistochemical techniques and multi-channel fluorescence studies, gingipain antigens were abundant in dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra of both PD and neurologically normal control brains. 3-dimensional reconstructions of Lewy body containing neurons revealed that gingipains associated with the periphery of alpha-synuclein aggregates but were occasionally observed inside aggregates. In vitro proteomic analysis demonstrated that recombinant alpha-synuclein is cleaved by lysine-gingipain, generating multiple alpha-synuclein fragments including the non-amyloid component fragments. Immunogold electron microscopy with co-labeling of gingipains and alpha-synuclein confirmed the occasional colocalization of gingipains with phosphorylated (pSER129) alpha-synuclein. In dopaminergic neurons, gingipains localized to the perinuclear cytoplasm, neuromelanin, mitochondria, and nucleus. These data suggest that gingipains localize in dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and interact with alpha-synuclein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Ermini
- Previously Cortexyme, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Victoria F Low
- NeuroValida, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jennifer J Song
- NeuroValida, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Adelie Y S Tan
- NeuroValida, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Richard L M Faull
- NeuroValida, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Michael Dragunow
- NeuroValida, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Maurice A Curtis
- NeuroValida, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Stephen S Dominy
- Previously Cortexyme, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Lighthouse Pharmaceuticals, Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA.
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14
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Elashiry M, Carroll A, Yuan J, Liu Y, Hamrick M, Cutler CW, Wang Q, Elsayed R. Oral Microbially-Induced Small Extracellular Vesicles Cross the Blood-Brain Barrier. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4509. [PMID: 38674094 PMCID: PMC11049816 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) and its gingipain proteases contribute to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis through yet unclear mechanisms. Cellular secretion of small extracellular vesicles or exosomes (EXO) increases with aging as part of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). We have shown that EXO isolated from Pg-infected dendritic cells contain gingipains and other Pg antigens and transmit senescence to bystander gingival cells, inducing alveolar bone loss in mice in vivo. Here, EXO were isolated from the gingiva of mice and humans with/without periodontitis (PD) to determine their ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in vitro and in vivo. PD was induced by Pg oral gavage for 6 weeks in C57B6 mice. EXO isolated from the gingiva or brain of donor Pg-infected (PD EXO) or control animals (Con EXO) were characterized by NTA, Western blot, and TEM. Gingival PD EXO or Con EXO were labeled and injected into the gingiva of uninfected WT mouse model. EXO biodistribution in brains was tracked by an in vivo imaging system (IVIS) and confocal microscopy. The effect of human PD EXO on BBB integrity and permeability was examined using TEER and FITC dextran assays in a human in vitro 3D model of the BBB. Pg antigens (RGP and Mfa-1) were detected in EXO derived from gingival and brain tissues of donor Pg-infected mice. Orally injected PD EXO from donor mice penetrated the brains of recipient uninfected mice and colocalized with hippocampal microglial cells. IL-1β and IL-6 were expressed in human PD EXO and not in Con EXO. Human PD EXO promoted BBB permeability and penetrated the BBB in vitro. This is the first demonstration that microbial-induced EXO in the oral cavity can disseminate, cross the BBB, and may contribute to AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Elashiry
- Department of Periodontics, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (M.E.); (A.C.); (J.Y.); (C.W.C.)
| | - Angelica Carroll
- Department of Periodontics, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (M.E.); (A.C.); (J.Y.); (C.W.C.)
| | - Jessie Yuan
- Department of Periodontics, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (M.E.); (A.C.); (J.Y.); (C.W.C.)
| | - Yutao Liu
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (Y.L.); (M.H.)
| | - Mark Hamrick
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (Y.L.); (M.H.)
| | - Christopher W. Cutler
- Department of Periodontics, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (M.E.); (A.C.); (J.Y.); (C.W.C.)
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
| | - Ranya Elsayed
- Department of Periodontics, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (M.E.); (A.C.); (J.Y.); (C.W.C.)
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15
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Zhang J, Tong Z, Chen L, Qian Y, Lu Y, Chen Q, Si M. Development and applications of peri-implantitis mouse models. Oral Dis 2024. [PMID: 38501334 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Peri-implantitis is one of the most common complications of implants. However, its pathogenesis has not been clarified. In recent years, mouse models are gradually being used in the study of peri-implantitis. This review aims to summarize the methods used to induce peri-implantitis in mice and their current applications. METHOD Articles of peri-implantitis mouse models were collected. We analyzed the various methods of inducing peri-implantitis and their application in different areas. RESULTS Most researchers have induced peri-implantitis by silk ligatures. Some others have induced peri-implantitis by Pg gavage and LPS injection. Current applications of peri-implantitis mouse models are in the following areas: investigation of pathogenesis and exploration of new interventions, comparison of peri-implantitis with periodontitis, the interaction between systemic diseases and peri-implantitis, etc. CONCLUSION: Silk ligature for 2-4 weeks, Pg gavage for 6 weeks, and LPS injection for 6 weeks all successfully induced peri-implantitis in mice. Mice have the advantages of mature gene editing technology, low cost, and short time to induce peri-implantitis. It has applications in the study of pathogenesis, non-surgical treatments, and interactions with other diseases. However, compared with large animals, mice also have a number of disadvantages that limit their application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Zhang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zian Tong
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Long Chen
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yinjie Qian
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yifan Lu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qianming Chen
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Misi Si
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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16
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Minamida K, Taira T, Sasaki M, Higuchi O, Meng XY, Kamagata Y, Miwa K. Extracellular vesicles of Weizmannia coagulans lilac-01 reduced cell death of primary microglia and increased mitochondrial content in dermal fibroblasts in vitro. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2024; 88:333-343. [PMID: 38124666 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbad175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the properties of extracellular vesicles from the probiotic Weizmannia coagulans lilac-01 (Lilac-01EVs). The phospholipids in the Lilac-01EV membrane were phosphatidylglycerol and mitochondria-specific cardiolipin. We found that applying Lilac-01EVs to primary rat microglia in vitro resulted in a reduction in primary microglial cell death (P < .05). Lilac-01EVs, which contain cardiolipin and phosphatidylglycerol, may have the potential to inhibit cell death in primary microglia. The addition of Lilac-01EVs to senescent human dermal fibroblasts suggested that Lilac-01 EVs increase the mitochondrial content without affecting their membrane potential in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimiko Minamida
- Section of Research and Development, Arterio Bio Co., Ltd, 3-519-11, Zenibako, Otaru, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Toshio Taira
- Sapporo Division, Cosmo Bio Co., Ltd, 3-513-2, Zenibako, Otaru, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Masato Sasaki
- Biodynamic Plant Institute Co., Ltd, 1-10-212, 1-Chome, Technopark, Shimo-nopporo, Atsubetsu-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Ohki Higuchi
- Biodynamic Plant Institute Co., Ltd, 1-10-212, 1-Chome, Technopark, Shimo-nopporo, Atsubetsu-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Xian-Ying Meng
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yoichi Kamagata
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kazunori Miwa
- Section of Research and Development, Arterio Bio Co., Ltd, 3-519-11, Zenibako, Otaru, Hokkaido, Japan
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17
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Inoue E, Minatozaki S, Shimizu S, Miyamoto S, Jo M, Ni J, Tozaki-Saitoh H, Oda K, Nonaka S, Nakanishi H. Human β-Defensin 3 Inhibition of P. gingivalis LPS-Induced IL-1β Production by BV-2 Microglia through Suppression of Cathepsins B and L. Cells 2024; 13:283. [PMID: 38334675 PMCID: PMC10854704 DOI: 10.3390/cells13030283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Cathepsin B (CatB) is thought to be essential for the induction of Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (Pg LPS)-induced Alzheimer's disease-like pathologies in mice, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β) production and cognitive decline. However, little is known about the role of CatB in Pg virulence factor-induced IL-1β production by microglia. We first subjected IL-1β-luciferase reporter BV-2 microglia to inhibitors of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), IκB kinase, and the NLRP3 inflammasome following stimulation with Pg LPS and outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). To clarify the involvement of CatB, we used several known CatB inhibitors, including CA-074Me, ZRLR, and human β-defensin 3 (hBD3). IL-1β production in BV-2 microglia induced by Pg LPS and OMVs was significantly inhibited by the TLR2 inhibitor C29 and the IκB kinase inhibitor wedelolactonne, but not by the NLRPs inhibitor MCC950. Both hBD3 and CA-074Me significantly inhibited Pg LPS-induced IL-1β production in BV-2 microglia. Although CA-074Me also suppressed OMV-induced IL-1β production, hBD3 did not inhibit it. Furthermore, both hBD3 and CA-074Me significantly blocked Pg LPS-induced nuclear NF-κB p65 translocation and IκBα degradation. In contrast, hBD3 and CA-074Me did not block OMV-induced nuclear NF-κB p65 translocation or IκBα degradation. Furthermore, neither ZRLR, a specific CatB inhibitor, nor shRNA-mediated knockdown of CatB expression had any effect on Pg virulence factor-induced IL-1β production. Interestingly, phagocytosis of OMVs by BV-2 microglia induced IL-1β production. Finally, the structural models generated by AlphaFold indicated that hBD3 can bind to the substrate-binding pocket of CatB, and possibly CatL as well. These results suggest that Pg LPS induces CatB/CatL-dependent synthesis and processing of pro-IL-1β without activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. In contrast, OMVs promote the synthesis and processing of pro-IL-1β through CatB/CatL-independent phagocytic mechanisms. Thus, hBD3 can improve the IL-1β-associated vicious inflammatory cycle induced by microglia through inhibition of CatB/CatL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Inoue
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women’s University, Hiroshima 731-0153, Japan; (E.I.); (S.M.); (S.S.); (S.M.); (M.J.)
| | - Shiyo Minatozaki
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women’s University, Hiroshima 731-0153, Japan; (E.I.); (S.M.); (S.S.); (S.M.); (M.J.)
| | - Sachi Shimizu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women’s University, Hiroshima 731-0153, Japan; (E.I.); (S.M.); (S.S.); (S.M.); (M.J.)
| | - Sayaka Miyamoto
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women’s University, Hiroshima 731-0153, Japan; (E.I.); (S.M.); (S.S.); (S.M.); (M.J.)
| | - Misato Jo
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women’s University, Hiroshima 731-0153, Japan; (E.I.); (S.M.); (S.S.); (S.M.); (M.J.)
| | - Junjun Ni
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China;
| | - Hidetoshi Tozaki-Saitoh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy at Fukuoka, International University of Health and Welfare, Okawa 831-8501, Japan;
| | - Kosuke Oda
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women’s University, Yasuhigashi, Hiroshima 731-0153, Japan; (K.O.); (S.N.)
| | - Saori Nonaka
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women’s University, Yasuhigashi, Hiroshima 731-0153, Japan; (K.O.); (S.N.)
| | - Hiroshi Nakanishi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women’s University, Yasuhigashi, Hiroshima 731-0153, Japan; (K.O.); (S.N.)
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18
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Li R, Wang J, Xiong W, Luo Y, Feng H, Zhou H, Peng Y, He Y, Ye Q. The oral-brain axis: can periodontal pathogens trigger the onset and progression of Alzheimer's disease? Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1358179. [PMID: 38362505 PMCID: PMC10868393 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1358179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia, characterized by a progressive cognitive decline. Sporadic AD, accounting for more than 95% of cases, may arise due to the influence of environmental factors. It was reported that periodontitis, a common oral ailment, shares several risk factors with AD, including advanced age, smoking, diabetes, and hypertension, among others. Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease triggered by dysbiosis of oral microorganisms, whereas Alzheimer's disease is characterized by neuroinflammation. Many studies have indicated that chronic inflammation can instigate brain AD-related pathologies, including amyloid-β plaques, Tau protein hyperphosphorylation, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration. The potential involvement of periodontal pathogens and/or their virulence factors in the onset and progression of AD by the oral-brain axis has garnered significant attention among researchers with ongoing investigations. This review has updated the periodontal pathogens potentially associated with AD, elucidating their impact on the central nervous system, immune response, and related pathological processes in the brain to provide valuable insights for future research on the oral-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruohan Li
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Junnan Wang
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Luo
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Stomatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huixian Feng
- Department of Stomatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Heng Zhou
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Youjian Peng
- Department of Stomatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan He
- Institute of Regenerative and Translational Medicine, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingsong Ye
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Stomatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound structures released by cells and have become significant players in immune system functioning, primarily by facilitating cell-to-cell communication. Immune cells like neutrophils and dendritic cells release EVs containing bioactive molecules that modulate chemotaxis, activate immune cells, and induce inflammation. EVs also contribute to antigen presentation, lymphocyte activation, and immune tolerance. Moreover, EVs play pivotal roles in antimicrobial host defense. They deliver microbial antigens to antigen-presenting cells (APCs), triggering immune responses, or act as decoys to neutralize virulence factors and toxins. This review discusses host and microbial EVs' multifaceted roles in innate and adaptive immunity, highlighting their involvement in immune cell development, antigen presentation, and antimicrobial responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puja Kumari
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Skylar S. Wright
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Vijay A. Rathinam
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
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20
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Koukoulis TF, Beauchamp LC, Kaparakis-Liaskos M, McQuade RM, Purnianto A, Finkelstein DI, Barnham KJ, Vella LJ. Do Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles Contribute to Chronic Inflammation in Parkinson's Disease? JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2024; 14:227-244. [PMID: 38427502 PMCID: PMC10977405 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-230315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is an increasingly common neurodegenerative disease. It has been suggested that the etiology of idiopathic PD is complex and multifactorial involving environmental contributions, such as viral or bacterial infections and microbial dysbiosis, in genetically predisposed individuals. With advances in our understanding of the gut-brain axis, there is increasing evidence that the intestinal microbiota and the mammalian immune system functionally interact. Recent findings suggest that a shift in the gut microbiome to a pro-inflammatory phenotype may play a role in PD onset and progression. While there are links between gut bacteria, inflammation, and PD, the bacterial products involved and how they traverse the gut lumen and distribute systemically to trigger inflammation are ill-defined. Mechanisms emerging in other research fields point to a role for small, inherently stable vesicles released by Gram-negative bacteria, called outer membrane vesicles in disease pathogenesis. These vesicles facilitate communication between bacteria and the host and can shuttle bacterial toxins and virulence factors around the body to elicit an immune response in local and distant organs. In this perspective article, we hypothesize a role for bacterial outer membrane vesicles in PD pathogenesis. We present evidence suggesting that these outer membrane vesicles specifically from Gram-negative bacteria could potentially contribute to PD by traversing the gut lumen to trigger local, systemic, and neuroinflammation. This perspective aims to facilitate a discussion on outer membrane vesicles in PD and encourage research in the area, with the goal of developing strategies for the prevention and treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiana F. Koukoulis
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Leah C. Beauchamp
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brighamand Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maria Kaparakis-Liaskos
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rachel M. McQuade
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Gut-Axis Injury and Repair Laboratory, Western Centre for Health Research and Education (WCHRE), The University of Melbourne, Sunshine Hospital, St Albans, VIC, Australia
- Australian Institute of Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Western Centre for Health Research and Education (WCHRE), Sunshine Hospital, St Albans, VIC, Australia
| | - Adityas Purnianto
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - David I. Finkelstein
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Kevin J. Barnham
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Laura J. Vella
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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21
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Zhang M, Mi N, Ying Z, Lin X, Jin Y. Advances in the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease based on oral bacteria. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1291455. [PMID: 38156323 PMCID: PMC10754487 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1291455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
With the global population undergoing demographic shift towards aging, the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD), a prominent neurodegenerative disorder that primarily afflicts individuals aged 65 and above, has increased across various geographical regions. This phenomenon is accompanied by a concomitant decline in immune functionality and oral hygiene capacity among the elderly, precipitating compromised oral functionality and an augmented burden of dental plaque. Accordingly, oral afflictions, including dental caries and periodontal disease, manifest with frequency among the geriatric population worldwide. Recent scientific investigations have unveiled the potential role of oral bacteria in instigating both local and systemic chronic inflammation, thereby delineating a putative nexus between oral health and the genesis and progression of AD. They further proposed the oral microbiome as a potentially modifiable risk factor in AD development, although the precise pathological mechanisms and degree of association have yet to be fully elucidated. This review summarizes current research on the relationship between oral bacteria and AD, describing the epidemiological and pathological mechanisms that may potentially link them. The purpose is to enrich early diagnostic approaches by incorporating emerging biomarkers, offering novel insights for clinicians in the early detection of AD. Additionally, it explores the potential of vaccination strategies and guidance for clinical pharmacotherapy. It proposes the development of maintenance measures specifically targeting oral health in older adults and advocates for guiding elderly patients in adopting healthy lifestyle habits, ultimately aiming to indirectly mitigate the progression of AD while promoting oral health in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ying Jin
- Department of Stomatology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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22
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Ji N, Wang F, Wang M, Zhang W, Liu H, Su J. Engineered bacterial extracellular vesicles for central nervous system diseases. J Control Release 2023; 364:46-60. [PMID: 37866404 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of central nervous system (CNS) diseases is on the rise as the population ages. The presence of various obstacles, particularly the blood-brain barrier (BBB), poses a challenge for drug delivery to the CNS. An expanding body of study suggests that gut microbiota (GM) plays an important role in CNS diseases. The communication between GM and CNS diseases has received increasing attention. Accumulating evidence indicates that the GM can modulate host signaling pathways to regulate distant organ functions by delivering bioactive substances to host cells via bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs). BEVs have emerged as a promising platform for the treatment of CNS diseases due to their nanostructure, ability to penetrate the BBB, as well as their low toxicity, high biocompatibility, ease of modification and large-scale culture. Here, we discuss the biogenesis, internalization mechanism and engineering modification methods of BEVs. We then focus on the use and potential role of BEVs in the treatment of CNS diseases. Finally, we outline the main challenges and future prospects for the application of BEVs in CNS diseases. We hope that the comprehensive understanding of the BEVs-based gut-brain axis will provide new insights into the treatment of CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ji
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Fuxiao Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Miaomiao Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Zhongye Hospital, Shanghai 200941, China
| | - Wencai Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510630, China.
| | - Han Liu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Jiacan Su
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Department of Orthopedics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
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23
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Tang D, Sun C, Yang J, Fan L, Wang Y. Advances in the Study of the Pathology and Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease and Its Association with Periodontitis. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2203. [PMID: 38004343 PMCID: PMC10672606 DOI: 10.3390/life13112203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) has become one of the leading causes of health problems in the elderly, and studying its causes and treatments remains a serious challenge for researchers worldwide. The two main pathological features of Alzheimer's disease are the extracellular deposition of β-amyloid (Aβ) to form senile plaques and the intracellular aggregation of hyperphosphorylated Tau protein to form neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Researchers have proposed several hypotheses to elucidate the pathogenesis of AD, but due to the complexity of the pathophysiologic factors involved in the development of AD, no effective drugs have been found to stop the progression of the disease. Currently, the mainstay drugs used to treat AD can only alleviate the patient's symptoms and do not have a therapeutic effect. As researchers explore interactions among diseases, much evidence suggests that there is a close link between periodontitis and AD, and that periodontal pathogenic bacteria can exacerbate Aβ deposition and Tau protein hyperphosphorylation through neuroinflammatory mechanisms, thereby advancing the pathogenesis of AD. This article reviews recent advances in the pathogenesis of AD, available therapeutic agents, the relevance of periodontitis to AD, and mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Tang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China; (C.S.); (L.F.)
| | - Chang Sun
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China; (C.S.); (L.F.)
| | - Jumei Yang
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China;
| | - Lili Fan
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China; (C.S.); (L.F.)
| | - Yonggang Wang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China; (C.S.); (L.F.)
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Mao H, Gong T, Sun Y, Yang S, Qiao X, Yang D. Bacterial growth stage determines the yields, protein composition, and periodontal pathogenicity of Porphyromonas gingivalis outer membrane vesicles. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1193198. [PMID: 37900318 PMCID: PMC10602934 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1193198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction P. gingivalis (W83), as the keystone pathogen in chronic periodontitis, has been found to be tightly bound to systemic diseases. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) produced by P. gingivalis (W83) are thought to serve key functions in bacterial virulence and pathogenicity. This study aims to comprehend the biological functions of P. gingivalis OMVs isolated from different growth stages by comparing their physicochemical properties and pathogenicity. Methods Protein composition was analyzed via isotope-labeled relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ). Macrophage polarization and the expression of IL-6 and IL-1β were detected. The proliferation, migration, osteogenic differentiation, and IL-1b/NLRP3 expression of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) were evaluated. P. gingivalis/P. gingivalis OMVs-induced periodontal models were also constructed in Sprague Dawley rats. Results The protein composition of P. gingivalis OMVs isolated from different growth stages demonstrated obvious differences ranging from 25 KDa to 75 KDa. In the results of flow cytometry, we found that in vitro experiments the M1 subtype of macrophages was more abundant in the late-log OMVs and stationary OMVs groups which boosted the production of inflammatory cytokines more than pre-log OMVs. Compared to pre-log OMVs, late-log OMVs and stationary OMVs had more pronounced inhibitory effects on proliferation, migration, and early osteogenesis of PDLSCs. The NLRP3 inflammasome was activated to a larger extent in the stationary OMVs group. Micro-computed tomography (Micro CT), hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE), and tartrate acid phosphatase (TRAP) results showed that the periodontal damage in the stationary OMVs group was worse than that in the pre-log OMVs and late-log OMVs group, but almost equal to that in the positive control group (P. gingivalis). Discussion In general, both in vivo and in vitro experiments showed that late-log OMVs and stationary OMVs have more significant pathogenicity in periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchen Mao
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting Gong
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuting Sun
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Shiyao Yang
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Qiao
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Deqin Yang
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
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25
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Eslami S, Hosseinzadeh Shakib N, Fooladfar Z, Nasrollahian S, Baghaei S, Mosaddad SA, Motamedifar M. The role of periodontitis-associated bacteria in Alzheimer's disease: A narrative review. J Basic Microbiol 2023; 63:1059-1072. [PMID: 37311215 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202300250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease causes memory loss and dementia in older adults through a neurodegenerative mechanism. Despite the pathophysiological clarification of this cognitive disorder, novel molecular and cellular pathways should be identified to determine its exact mechanism. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is pathologically characterized by senile plaques comprising beta-amyloid and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) formed by hyperphosphorylated tau as a microtubule-associated protein with a key role in the pathogenesis of AD. Periodontitis through inflammatory pathways is a risk factor for deteriorating cognitive impairment in AD patients. Poor oral hygiene coupled with immunocompromised status in older adults causes periodontal diseases and chronic inflammations through an oral bacterial imbalance. Toxic bacterial products, including bacteria themselves, can reach the central nervous system through the bloodstream and evoke inflammatory responses. The present review was conducted to investigate relationships between AD and periodontitis-involved bacteria as a risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Eslami
- Research Central Laboratory, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Zahra Fooladfar
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sina Nasrollahian
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saman Baghaei
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Mosaddad
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Motamedifar
- HIV/AIDS Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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26
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Wang Y, Luo X, Xiang X, Hao C, Ma D. Roles of bacterial extracellular vesicles in systemic diseases. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1258860. [PMID: 37840728 PMCID: PMC10569430 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1258860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that in various systems, not all bidirectional microbiota-host interactions involve direct cell contact. Bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) may be key participants in this interkingdom crosstalk. BEVs mediate microbiota functions by delivering effector molecules that modulate host signaling pathways, thereby facilitating host-microbe interactions. BEV production during infections by both pathogens and probiotics has been observed in various host tissues. Therefore, these vesicles released by microbiota may have the ability to drive or inhibit disease pathogenesis in different systems within the host. Here, we review the current knowledge of BEVs and particularly emphasize their interactions with the host and the pathogenesis of systemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhen Wang
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinghong Luo
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaozhen Xiang
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunbo Hao
- Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Dandan Ma
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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27
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Kaisanlahti A, Salmi S, Kumpula S, Amatya SB, Turunen J, Tejesvi M, Byts N, Tapiainen T, Reunanen J. Bacterial extracellular vesicles - brain invaders? A systematic review. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1227655. [PMID: 37781094 PMCID: PMC10537964 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1227655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Knowledge on the human gut microbiota in health and disease continues to rapidly expand. In recent years, changes in the gut microbiota composition have been reported as a part of the pathology in numerous neurodegenerative diseases. Bacterial extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been suggested as a novel mechanism for the crosstalk between the brain and gut microbiota, physiologically connecting the observed changes in the brain to gut microbiota dysbiosis. Methods Publications reporting findings on bacterial EVs passage through the blood-brain barrier were identified in PubMed and Scopus databases. Results The literature search yielded 138 non-duplicate publications, from which 113 records were excluded in title and abstract screening step. From 25 publications subjected to full-text screening, 8 were excluded. The resulting 17 publications were considered for the review. Discussion Bacterial EVs have been described with capability to cross the blood-brain barrier, but the mechanisms behind the crossing remain largely unknown. Importantly, very little data exists in this context on EVs secreted by the human gut microbiota. This systematic review summarizes the present evidence of bacterial EVs crossing the blood-brain barrier and highlights the importance of future research on gut microbiota-derived EVs in the context of gut-brain communication across the blood-brain barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kaisanlahti
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Translational Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Sonja Salmi
- Disease Networks Research Unit, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Sohvi Kumpula
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Translational Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Sajeen Bahadur Amatya
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Translational Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jenni Turunen
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mysore Tejesvi
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Nadiya Byts
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Translational Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Terhi Tapiainen
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Justus Reunanen
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Translational Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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28
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Pezzotti G, Adachi T, Imamura H, Bristol DR, Adachi K, Yamamoto T, Kanamura N, Marin E, Zhu W, Kawai T, Mazda O, Kariu T, Waku T, Nichols FC, Riello P, Rizzolio F, Limongi T, Okuma K. In Situ Raman Study of Neurodegenerated Human Neuroblastoma Cells Exposed to Outer-Membrane Vesicles Isolated from Porphyromonas gingivalis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13351. [PMID: 37686157 PMCID: PMC10488263 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to elucidate the chemistry of cellular degeneration in human neuroblastoma cells upon exposure to outer-membrane vesicles (OMVs) produced by Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) oral bacteria by monitoring their metabolomic evolution using in situ Raman spectroscopy. Pg-OMVs are a key factor in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis, as they act as efficient vectors for the delivery of toxins promoting neuronal damage. However, the chemical mechanisms underlying the direct impact of Pg-OMVs on cell metabolites at the molecular scale still remain conspicuously unclear. A widely used in vitro model employing neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells (a sub-line of the SK-N-SH cell line) was spectroscopically analyzed in situ before and 6 h after Pg-OMV contamination. Concurrently, Raman characterizations were also performed on isolated Pg-OMVs, which included phosphorylated dihydroceramide (PDHC) lipids and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the latter in turn being contaminated with a highly pathogenic class of cysteine proteases, a key factor in neuronal cell degradation. Raman characterizations located lipopolysaccharide fingerprints in the vesicle structure and unveiled so far unproved aspects of the chemistry behind protein degradation induced by Pg-OMV contamination of SH-SY5Y cells. The observed alterations of cells' Raman profiles were then discussed in view of key factors including the formation of amyloid β (Aβ) plaques and hyperphosphorylated Tau neurofibrillary tangles, and the formation of cholesterol agglomerates that exacerbate AD pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Pezzotti
- Ceramic Physics Laboratory, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Matsugasaki, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan; (H.I.)
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (T.A.); (O.M.)
- Department of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (K.A.); (T.Y.); (N.K.)
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy;
- Department of Molecular Science and Nanosystems, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy; (P.R.); (F.R.)
| | - Tetsuya Adachi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (T.A.); (O.M.)
- Department of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (K.A.); (T.Y.); (N.K.)
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata 573-1010, Japan
| | - Hayata Imamura
- Ceramic Physics Laboratory, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Matsugasaki, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan; (H.I.)
- Department of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (K.A.); (T.Y.); (N.K.)
| | - Davide Redolfi Bristol
- Ceramic Physics Laboratory, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Matsugasaki, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan; (H.I.)
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (T.A.); (O.M.)
- Department of Molecular Science and Nanosystems, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy; (P.R.); (F.R.)
| | - Keiji Adachi
- Department of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (K.A.); (T.Y.); (N.K.)
| | - Toshiro Yamamoto
- Department of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (K.A.); (T.Y.); (N.K.)
| | - Narisato Kanamura
- Department of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (K.A.); (T.Y.); (N.K.)
| | - Elia Marin
- Ceramic Physics Laboratory, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Matsugasaki, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan; (H.I.)
- Department of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (K.A.); (T.Y.); (N.K.)
| | - Wenliang Zhu
- Ceramic Physics Laboratory, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Matsugasaki, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan; (H.I.)
| | - Toshihisa Kawai
- Department of Oral Science and Translational Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, 3301 College Avenue, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA;
| | - Osam Mazda
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (T.A.); (O.M.)
| | - Toru Kariu
- Department of Life Science, Shokei University, Chuo-ku, Kuhonji, Kumamoto 862-8678, Japan;
| | - Tomonori Waku
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Matsugasaki, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan;
| | - Frank C. Nichols
- Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut, 263 Farmington Avenue, Storrs, CT 06030, USA;
| | - Pietro Riello
- Department of Molecular Science and Nanosystems, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy; (P.R.); (F.R.)
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Department of Molecular Science and Nanosystems, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy; (P.R.); (F.R.)
| | - Tania Limongi
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy;
| | - Kazu Okuma
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata 573-1010, Japan
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Chen S, Lei Q, Zou X, Ma D. The role and mechanisms of gram-negative bacterial outer membrane vesicles in inflammatory diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1157813. [PMID: 37398647 PMCID: PMC10313905 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1157813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are spherical, bilayered, and nanosized membrane vesicles that are secreted from gram-negative bacteria. OMVs play a pivotal role in delivering lipopolysaccharide, proteins and other virulence factors to target cells. Multiple studies have found that OMVs participate in various inflammatory diseases, including periodontal disease, gastrointestinal inflammation, pulmonary inflammation and sepsis, by triggering pattern recognition receptors, activating inflammasomes and inducing mitochondrial dysfunction. OMVs also affect inflammation in distant organs or tissues via long-distance cargo transport in various diseases, including atherosclerosis and Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we primarily summarize the role of OMVs in inflammatory diseases, describe the mechanism through which OMVs participate in inflammatory signal cascades, and discuss the effects of OMVs on pathogenic processes in distant organs or tissues with the aim of providing novel insights into the role and mechanism of OMVs in inflammatory diseases and the prevention and treatment of OMV-mediated inflammatory diseases.
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30
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Huang S, Cao G, Dai D, Xu Q, Ruiz S, Shindo S, Nakamura S, Kawai T, Lin J, Han X. Porphyromonas gingivalis outer membrane vesicles exacerbate retinal microvascular endothelial cell dysfunction in diabetic retinopathy. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1167160. [PMID: 37250057 PMCID: PMC10213754 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1167160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the leading causes of blindness. Periodontitis is one of the highest oral incidences and has been closely related to various systemic conditions through Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis). P. gingivalis OMVs, derived from P. gingivalis, can cause endothelial dysfunction and potentially affect microvascular diseases. Current epidemiological studies provide limited evidence suggesting that periodontitis is associated with DR. However, there is a lack of basic research elucidating how periodontitis affects the severity of DR. This study aimed to explore the potential of P. gingivalis OMVs to contribute to the pathogenesis of DR and explore how it affect the retinal microvascular endothelium. The results demonstrated that P. gingivalis OMVs accelerated the blood-retinal barrier damage in DR mice. In vitro studies showed that the expression of inflammatory factors in human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs) was increased after P. gingivalis OMVs stimulation, and the increased reactive oxygen species production, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, and altered endothelial permeability were observed in HRMECs under P. gingivalis OMVs stimulation. In addition, we found that protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) regulated OMVs-induced TNF-α, MMP-9 mRNA expression, cell death, and endothelial permeability. Overall, we suggested that P. gingivalis OMVs induced mitochondria-related cell death of HRMECs and accelerated endothelial dysfunction, thus aggravating DR, in which PAR-2 plays a potential role. This study is the first research report to delineate the potential molecular mechanism of P. gingivalis OMVs on DR pathogenesis, which uniquely focused on elucidating the possible impact of periodontal pathogen derivatives on DR progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyuan Huang
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Oral Science and Translation Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States
| | - Guoqin Cao
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Dai
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuping Xu
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Sunniva Ruiz
- Department of Oral Science and Translation Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States
| | - Satoru Shindo
- Department of Oral Science and Translation Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States
| | - Shin Nakamura
- Department of Oral Science and Translation Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States
| | - Toshihisa Kawai
- Department of Oral Science and Translation Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States
| | - Jiang Lin
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaozhe Han
- Department of Oral Science and Translation Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States
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Palacios E, Lobos-González L, Guerrero S, Kogan MJ, Shao B, Heinecke JW, Quest AFG, Leyton L, Valenzuela-Valderrama M. Helicobacter pylori outer membrane vesicles induce astrocyte reactivity through nuclear factor-κappa B activation and cause neuronal damage in vivo in a murine model. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:66. [PMID: 36895046 PMCID: PMC9996972 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02728-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infects the stomach of 50% of the world's population. Importantly, chronic infection by this bacterium correlates with the appearance of several extra-gastric pathologies, including neurodegenerative diseases. In such conditions, brain astrocytes become reactive and neurotoxic. However, it is still unclear whether this highly prevalent bacterium or the nanosized outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) they produce, can reach the brain, thus affecting neurons/astrocytes. Here, we evaluated the effects of Hp OMVs on astrocytes and neurons in vivo and in vitro. METHODS Purified OMVs were characterized by mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Labeled OMVs were administered orally or injected into the mouse tail vein to study OMV-brain distribution. By immunofluorescence of tissue samples, we evaluated: GFAP (astrocytes), βIII tubulin (neurons), and urease (OMVs). The in vitro effect of OMVs in astrocytes was assessed by monitoring NF-κB activation, expression of reactivity markers, cytokines in astrocyte-conditioned medium (ACM), and neuronal cell viability. RESULTS Urease and GroEL were prominent proteins in OMVs. Urease (OMVs) was present in the mouse brain and its detection coincided with astrocyte reactivity and neuronal damage. In vitro, OMVs induced astrocyte reactivity by increasing the intermediate filament proteins GFAP and vimentin, the plasma membrane αVβ3 integrin, and the hemichannel connexin 43. OMVs also produced neurotoxic factors and promoted the release of IFNγ in a manner dependent on the activation of the transcription factor NF-κB. Surface antigens on reactive astrocytes, as well as secreted factors in response to OMVs, were shown to inhibit neurite outgrowth and damage neurons. CONCLUSIONS OMVs administered orally or injected into the mouse bloodstream reach the brain, altering astrocyte function and promoting neuronal damage in vivo. The effects of OMVs on astrocytes were confirmed in vitro and shown to be NF-κB-dependent. These findings suggest that Hp could trigger systemic effects by releasing nanosized vesicles that cross epithelial barriers and access the CNS, thus altering brain cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Palacios
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Celular, Instituto de Investigación y Postgrado, Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad Central de Chile, 8330546, Santiago, Chile.,Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Center for Studies On Exercise Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, 8380453, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, 8380494, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lorena Lobos-González
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, 8380494, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Desarrollo-Clínica Alemana, 7590943, Santiago, Chile
| | - Simón Guerrero
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, 8380494, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, 8380494, Santiago, Chile.,Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Atacama, 153601, Copiapó, Chile
| | - Marcelo J Kogan
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, 8380494, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, 8380494, Santiago, Chile
| | - Baohai Shao
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-8055, USA
| | - Jay W Heinecke
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-8055, USA
| | - Andrew F G Quest
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Center for Studies On Exercise Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, 8380453, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, 8380494, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lisette Leyton
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Center for Studies On Exercise Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, 8380453, Santiago, Chile. .,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, 8380494, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Manuel Valenzuela-Valderrama
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Celular, Instituto de Investigación y Postgrado, Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad Central de Chile, 8330546, Santiago, Chile. .,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, 8380494, Santiago, Chile.
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Cheng X, Chi L, Lin T, Liang F, Pei Z, Sun J, Teng W. Exogenous monocyte myeloid-derived suppressor cells ameliorate immune imbalance, neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment in 5xFAD mice infected with Porphyromonas gingivalis. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:55. [PMID: 36864466 PMCID: PMC9979576 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02743-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontitis is closely associated with the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), the keystone periodontal pathogen, has been reported in our recent study to cause immune-overreaction and induce cognitive impairment. Monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (mMDSCs) possess potent immunosuppressive function. It is unclear whether mMDSCs-mediated immune homeostasis is impaired in AD patients with periodontitis, and whether exogenous mMDSCs could ameliorate immune-overreaction and cognitive impairment induced by Pg. METHODS To explore the influence of Pg on cognitive function, neuropathology and immune balance in vivo, 5xFAD mice were treated with live Pg by oral gavage, three times a week for 1 month. The cells of peripheral blood, spleen and bone marrow from 5xFAD mice were treated with Pg to detect the proportional and functional alterations of mMDSCs in vitro. Next, exogenous mMDSCs were sorted from wild-type healthy mice and intravenously injected into 5xFAD mice that were infected with Pg. We used behavioral tests, flow cytometry and immunofluorescent staining to evaluate whether exogenous mMDSCs could ameliorate the cognitive function, immune homeostasis and reduce neuropathology exacerbated by Pg infection. RESULTS Pg exacerbated cognitive impairment in 5xFAD mice, with the deposition of amyloid plaque and increased number of microglia in the hippocampus and cortex region. The proportion of mMDSCs decreased in Pg-treated mice. In addition, Pg reduced the proportion and the immunosuppressive function of mMDSCs in vitro. Supplement of exogenous mMDSCs improved the cognitive function, and enhanced the proportions of mMDSCs and IL-10+ T cells of 5xFAD mice infected with Pg. At the same time, supplement of exogenous mMDSCs increased the immunosuppressive function of endogenous mMDSCs while decreased the proportions of IL-6+ T cells and IFN-γ+ CD4+ T cells. In addition, the deposition of amyloid plaque decreased while the number of neurons increased in the hippocampus and cortex region after the supplement of exogenous mMDSCs. Furthermore, the number of microglia increased with an increase in the proportion of M2 phenotype. CONCLUSIONS Pg can reduce the proportion of mMDSCs, induce immune-overreaction, and exacerbate the neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment in 5xFAD mice. Supplement of exogenous mMDSCs can reduce the neuroinflammation, immune imbalance and cognitive impairment in 5xFAD mice infected with Pg. These findings indicate the mechanism of AD pathogenesis and Pg-mediated promotion of AD, and provide a potential therapeutic strategy for AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Cheng
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XHospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Institute of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Chi
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XHospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Institute of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianqiong Lin
- grid.410560.60000 0004 1760 3078Dongguan Key Laboratory of Chronic Inflammatory Diseases, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Fengyin Liang
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases; National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, No.58 Zhongshan Road2, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Zhong Pei
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases; National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, No.58 Zhongshan Road2, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Jianbo Sun
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Chronic Inflammatory Diseases, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.
| | - Wei Teng
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Institute of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Xie J, Cools L, Van Imschoot G, Van Wonterghem E, Pauwels MJ, Vlaeminck I, De Witte C, EL Andaloussi S, Wierda K, De Groef L, Haesebrouck F, Van Hoecke L, Vandenbroucke RE. Helicobacter pylori-derived outer membrane vesicles contribute to Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis via C3-C3aR signalling. J Extracell Vesicles 2023; 12:e12306. [PMID: 36792546 PMCID: PMC9931688 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota represents a diverse and dynamic population of microorganisms that can influence the health of the host. Increasing evidence supports the role of the gut microbiota as a key player in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Unfortunately, the mechanisms behind the interplay between gut pathogens and AD are still elusive. It is known that bacteria-derived outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) act as natural carriers of virulence factors that are central players in the pathogenesis of the bacteria. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a common gastric pathogen and H. pylori infection has been associated with an increased risk to develop AD. Here, we are the first to shed light on the role of OMVs derived from H. pylori on the brain in healthy conditions and on disease pathology in the case of AD. Our results reveal that H. pylori OMVs can cross the biological barriers, eventually reaching the brain. Once in the brain, these OMVs are taken up by astrocytes, which induce activation of glial cells and neuronal dysfunction, ultimately leading to exacerbated amyloid-β pathology and cognitive decline. Mechanistically, we identified a critical role for the complement component 3 (C3)-C3a receptor (C3aR) signalling in mediating the interaction between astrocytes, microglia and neurons upon the presence of gut H. pylori OMVs. Taken together, our study reveals that H. pylori has a detrimental effect on brain functionality and accelerates AD development via OMVs and C3-C3aR signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Xie
- VIB Center for Inflammation ResearchVIBGhentBelgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular BiologyGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineGhent UniversityMerelbekeBelgium
| | - Lien Cools
- VIB Center for Inflammation ResearchVIBGhentBelgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular BiologyGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
- Cellular Communication and Neurodegeneration Research Group, Department of Biology, Leuven Brain InstituteKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Griet Van Imschoot
- VIB Center for Inflammation ResearchVIBGhentBelgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular BiologyGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Elien Van Wonterghem
- VIB Center for Inflammation ResearchVIBGhentBelgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular BiologyGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Marie J. Pauwels
- VIB Center for Inflammation ResearchVIBGhentBelgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular BiologyGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Ine Vlaeminck
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease ResearchElectrophysiology Expertise UnitLeuvenBelgium
- KU Leuven ‐ Department of NeurosciencesLeuvenBelgium
| | - Chloë De Witte
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineGhent UniversityMerelbekeBelgium
| | | | - Keimpe Wierda
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease ResearchElectrophysiology Expertise UnitLeuvenBelgium
- KU Leuven ‐ Department of NeurosciencesLeuvenBelgium
| | - Lies De Groef
- Cellular Communication and Neurodegeneration Research Group, Department of Biology, Leuven Brain InstituteKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Freddy Haesebrouck
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineGhent UniversityMerelbekeBelgium
| | - Lien Van Hoecke
- VIB Center for Inflammation ResearchVIBGhentBelgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular BiologyGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Roosmarijn E. Vandenbroucke
- VIB Center for Inflammation ResearchVIBGhentBelgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular BiologyGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
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Cai R, Wang L, Zhang W, Liu B, Wu Y, Pang J, Ma C. The role of extracellular vesicles in periodontitis: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1151322. [PMID: 37114060 PMCID: PMC10126335 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1151322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a prevalent disease and one of the leading causes of tooth loss. Biofilms are initiating factor of periodontitis, which can destroy periodontal tissue by producing virulence factors. The overactivated host immune response is the primary cause of periodontitis. The clinical examination of periodontal tissues and the patient's medical history are the mainstays of periodontitis diagnosis. However, there is a lack of molecular biomarkers that can be used to identify and predict periodontitis activity precisely. Non-surgical and surgical treatments are currently available for periodontitis, although both have drawbacks. In clinical practice, achieving the ideal therapeutic effect remains a challenge. Studies have revealed that bacteria produce extracellular vesicles (EVs) to export virulence proteins to host cells. Meanwhile, periodontal tissue cells and immune cells produce EVs that have pro- or anti-inflammatory effects. Accordingly, EVs play a critical role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Recent studies have also presented that the content and composition of EVs in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) can serve as possible periodontitis diagnostic indicators. In addition, studies have indicated that stem cell EVs may encourage periodontal regeneration. In this article, we mainly review the role of EVs in the pathogenesis of periodontitis and discuss their diagnostic and therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Cai
- Department of Stomatology, Air Force Medical Center, The Fourth Military Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Air Force Medical Center, The Fourth Military Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Air Force Medical Center, The Fourth Military Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiqi Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jianliang Pang
- Department of Stomatology, Air Force Medical Center, The Fourth Military Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Chufan Ma, ; Jianliang Pang,
| | - Chufan Ma
- Department of Stomatology, Air Force Medical Center, The Fourth Military Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Chufan Ma, ; Jianliang Pang,
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