1
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Murter BM, Robinson SC, Banerjee H, Lau L, Uche U, Szymczak-Workman AL, Kane LP. Downregulation of PIK3IP1/TrIP on T cells is controlled by TCR signal strength, PKC, and metalloprotease-mediated cleavage. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.29.591680. [PMID: 38746242 PMCID: PMC11092459 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.29.591680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The protein known as PI3K-interacting protein (PIK3IP1), or transmembrane inhibitor of PI3K (TrIP), is highly expressed by T cells and can modulate PI3K activity in these cells. Several studies have also revealed that TrIP is rapidly downregulated following T cell activation. However, it is unclear as to how this downregulation is controlled. Using a novel monoclonal antibody that robustly stains cell-surface TrIP, we demonstrate that TrIP is lost from the surface of activated T cells in a manner dependent on the strength of signaling through the T cell receptor (TCR) and specific downstream signaling pathways. In addition, TrIP expression returns after 24 hours, suggesting that it may play a role in resetting TCR signaling at later time points. Finally, by expressing truncated forms of TrIP in cells, we identify the region in the extracellular stalk domain of TrIP that is targeted for proteolytic cleavage by metalloprotease ADAM17.
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2
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Kaminskiy Y, Ganeeva I, Chasov V, Kudriaeva A, Bulatov E. Asymmetric T-cell division: insights from cutting-edge experimental techniques and implications for immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1301378. [PMID: 38495874 PMCID: PMC10940324 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1301378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Asymmetric cell division is a fundamental process conserved throughout evolution, employed by both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Its significance lies in its ability to govern cell fate and facilitate the generation of diverse cell types. Therefore, attaining a detailed mechanistic understanding of asymmetric cell division becomes essential for unraveling the complexities of cell fate determination in both healthy and pathological conditions. However, the role of asymmetric division in T-cell biology has only recently been unveiled. Here, we provide an overview of the T-cell asymmetric division field with the particular emphasis on experimental methods and models with the aim to guide the researchers in the selection of appropriate in vitro/in vivo models to study asymmetric division in T cells. We present a comprehensive investigation into the mechanisms governing the asymmetric division in various T-cell subsets underscoring the importance of the asymmetry in fate-determining factor segregation and transcriptional and epigenetic regulation. Furthermore, the intricate interplay of T-cell receptor signaling and the asymmetric division geometry are explored, shedding light on the spatial organization and the impact on cellular fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaroslav Kaminskiy
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, SciLifeLab, Solna, Sweden
| | - Irina Ganeeva
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Vitaly Chasov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Anna Kudriaeva
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Emil Bulatov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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3
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van Os BW, Vos WG, Bosmans LA, van Tiel CM, Toom MD, Beckers L, Admiraal M, Hoeksema MA, de Winther MP, Lutgens E. CD40L modulates CD4 + T-cell activation through receptor for activated C kinase 1. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2350520. [PMID: 37683186 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of the co-stimulatory ligand CD40L has shown beneficial effects in many experimental models of autoimmune disease and inflammation. Here, we show that CD40L deficiency in T cells in mice causes a reduction of CD4+ T-cell activation and specifically a strong reduction in IFN-γ-producing Th1 cells. In vitro, we could not reproduce this antigen presenting cell-dependent effects, but found that T-cell CD40L affects cell death and proliferation. We identified receptor of activated C kinase, the canonical PKC binding partner and known to drive proliferation and apoptosis, as a mediator of CD40L reverse signaling. Furthermore, we found that CD40L clustering stabilizes IFN-γ mediated Th1 polarization through STAT1, a known binding partner of receptor of activated C kinase. Together this highlights the importance of both CD40L forward and reverse signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bram W van Os
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Atherosclerosis & Ischemic Syndromes, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Immunity and Infection, Inflammatory diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Winnie G Vos
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Atherosclerosis & Ischemic Syndromes, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Immunity and Infection, Inflammatory diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Laura A Bosmans
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Atherosclerosis & Ischemic Syndromes, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Immunity and Infection, Inflammatory diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Claudia M van Tiel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Atherosclerosis & Ischemic Syndromes, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Immunity and Infection, Inflammatory diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Myrthe den Toom
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Atherosclerosis & Ischemic Syndromes, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Immunity and Infection, Inflammatory diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Linda Beckers
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Atherosclerosis & Ischemic Syndromes, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Immunity and Infection, Inflammatory diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Merel Admiraal
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marten A Hoeksema
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Atherosclerosis & Ischemic Syndromes, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Immunity and Infection, Inflammatory diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Menno P de Winther
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Atherosclerosis & Ischemic Syndromes, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Immunity and Infection, Inflammatory diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Esther Lutgens
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Atherosclerosis & Ischemic Syndromes, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Immunity and Infection, Inflammatory diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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4
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Lin VHC, Chien A, Chien EJ. The rapid activation of cPKCβII by progesterone results in the negative regulation of Ca 2+ influx in human resting T cells. J Chin Med Assoc 2023; 86:885-891. [PMID: 37496123 DOI: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000000970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Progesterone-stimulated rapid suppression of phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-activated sustained membrane Ca 2+ influx is revealed by Mn 2+ quenching fura-2 fluorescence. Ca 2+ influx suppression results in immunosuppression of T-cell proliferation. Downregulation of protein kinase C (PKC) activity by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) enhances the PHA-activated increase in sustained intracellular Ca 2+ concentration ([Ca 2+ ] i ) via Ca 2+ influx in T cells. Conventional PKC (cPKC) inhibitors also enhance the [Ca 2+ ] i increase in resting T cells caused by progesterone. This study explores whether cPKC activation by progesterone results in suppression of Ca 2+ influx in resting T cells. METHODS Progesterone, its analogs (R5020/Org OD 02-0), and plasma membrane-impermeable progesterone-bovine serum albumin conjugate were used to stimulate human resting T cells. Inhibitors and PKC downregulation by PMA were used to investigate whether cPKC affects Ca 2+ influx. RESULTS Progesterone and analogs dose-dependently suppressed Ca 2+ influx in T cells. One cPKC inhibitor, Ro318220, attenuated Ca 2+ influx suppression, and enhanced the increase in [Ca 2+ ] i caused by progesterone and analogs. U73122 did not affect Ca 2+ influx suppression but did decrease the [Ca 2+ ] i increase. Ca 2+ influx suppression was not attenuated by the cPKCα/βI isoform-selective inhibitor, Go6976, nevertheless, a cPKCβI/βII isoform-selective inhibitor, LY333531 did. Ca 2+ influx suppression was attenuated by the cPKCβII-specific inhibitor CGP53353. After PKC downregulated by PMA, Ca 2+ influx suppression by progesterone and analogs was almost abolished in parallel with a massive reduction in cPKCβII expression. This suggests cPKCβII activation by progesterone and analogs mediate Ca 2+ influx suppression in resting T cells. CONCLUSION Nongenomic membrane activation of cPKCβII by progesterone causes immunosuppression via negative regulation of Ca 2+ influx into human resting T cells. This prevents resting T-cell activation and proliferation, which protects the fetus from maternal immune attack while decreasing maternal autoimmune disease flare-ups during pregnancy. Thus, cPKCβII modulators might provide a new therapeutic approach to balancing T-cell tolerance and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Hui-Chen Lin
- Department and Institute of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Angela Chien
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Health Technology, Ming Chuan University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Eileen Jea Chien
- Department and Institute of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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5
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Han F, Chen Y, Zhu Y, Huang Z. Antigen receptor structure and signaling. Adv Immunol 2023; 157:1-28. [PMID: 37061286 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
The key to mounting an immune response is that the host cells must be coordinated to generate an appropriate immune response against the pathogenic invaders. Antigen receptors recognize specific molecular structures and recruit adaptors through their effector domains, triggering trans-membrane transduction signaling pathway to exert immune response. The T cell antigen receptor (TCR) and B cell antigen receptor (BCR) are the primary determinant of immune responses to antigens. Their structure determines the mode of signaling and signal transduction determines cell fate, leading to changes at the molecular and cellular level. Studies of antigen receptor structure and signaling revealed the basis of immune response triggering, providing clues to antigen receptor priming and a foundation for the rational design of immunotherapies. In recent years, the increased research on the structure of antigen receptors has greatly contributed to the understanding of immune response, different immune-related diseases and even tumors. In this review, we describe in detail the current view and advances of the antigen structure and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Han
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Yan Chen
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Yuwei Zhu
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Zhiwei Huang
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China.
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6
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Erdogmus S, Concepcion AR, Yamashita M, Sidhu I, Tao AY, Li W, Rocha PP, Huang B, Garippa R, Lee B, Lee A, Hell JW, Lewis RS, Prakriya M, Feske S. Cavβ1 regulates T cell expansion and apoptosis independently of voltage-gated Ca 2+ channel function. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2033. [PMID: 35440113 PMCID: PMC9018955 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29725-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
TCR stimulation triggers Ca2+ signals that are critical for T cell function and immunity. Several pore-forming α and auxiliary β subunits of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (VGCC) were reported in T cells, but their mechanism of activation remains elusive and their contribution to Ca2+ signaling in T cells is controversial. We here identify CaVβ1, encoded by Cacnb1, as a regulator of T cell function. Cacnb1 deletion enhances apoptosis and impairs the clonal expansion of T cells after lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection. By contrast, Cacnb1 is dispensable for T cell proliferation, cytokine production and Ca2+ signaling. Using patch clamp electrophysiology and Ca2+ recordings, we are unable to detect voltage-gated Ca2+ currents or Ca2+ influx in human and mouse T cells upon depolarization with or without prior TCR stimulation. mRNAs of several VGCC α1 subunits are detectable in human (CaV3.3, CaV3.2) and mouse (CaV2.1) T cells, but they lack transcription of many 5' exons, likely resulting in N-terminally truncated and non-functional proteins. Our findings demonstrate that although CaVβ1 regulates T cell function, these effects are independent of VGCC channel activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serap Erdogmus
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Axel R Concepcion
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Megumi Yamashita
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ikjot Sidhu
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anthony Y Tao
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wenyi Li
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pedro P Rocha
- Unit on Genome Structure and Regulation, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bonnie Huang
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, Bethesda, MD, USA
- National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ralph Garippa
- Department of Cancer Biology & Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Boram Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Amy Lee
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas-Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Johannes W Hell
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Richard S Lewis
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Murali Prakriya
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Stefan Feske
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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7
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Filali L, Puissegur MP, Cortacero K, Cussat-Blanc S, Khazen R, Van Acker N, Frenois FX, Abreu A, Lamant L, Meyer N, Vergier B, Müller S, McKenzie B, Valitutti S. Ultrarapid lytic granule release from CTLs activates Ca 2+-dependent synaptic resistance pathways in melanoma cells. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabk3234. [PMID: 35171665 PMCID: PMC8849291 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abk3234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Human cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) exhibit ultrarapid lytic granule secretion, but whether melanoma cells mobilize defense mechanisms with commensurate rapidity remains unknown. We used single-cell time-lapse microscopy to offer high spatiotemporal resolution analyses of subcellular events in melanoma cells upon CTL attack. Target cell perforation initiated an intracellular Ca2+ wave that propagated outward from the synapse within milliseconds and triggered lysosomal mobilization to the synapse, facilitating membrane repair and conferring resistance to CTL induced cytotoxicity. Inhibition of Ca2+ flux and silencing of synaptotagmin VII limited synaptic lysosomal exposure and enhanced cytotoxicity. Multiplexed immunohistochemistry of patient melanoma nodules combined with automated image analysis showed that melanoma cells facing CD8+ CTLs in the tumor periphery or peritumoral area exhibited significant lysosomal enrichment. Our results identified synaptic Ca2+ entry as the definitive trigger for lysosomal deployment to the synapse upon CTL attack and highlighted an unpredicted defensive topology of lysosome distribution in melanoma nodules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza Filali
- INSERM U1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université de Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, 31057 Toulouse, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Puissegur
- INSERM U1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université de Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, 31057 Toulouse, France
| | - Kevin Cortacero
- INSERM U1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université de Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, 31057 Toulouse, France
| | - Sylvain Cussat-Blanc
- Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse (IRIT) - University Toulouse Capitole Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) UMR5505, Artificial and Natural Intelligence Toulouse Institute, Toulouse, France
| | - Roxana Khazen
- INSERM U1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université de Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, 31057 Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Van Acker
- Department of Pathology, Institut Universitaire du Cancer-Oncopole de Toulouse, 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - François-Xavier Frenois
- Department of Pathology, Institut Universitaire du Cancer-Oncopole de Toulouse, 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Arnaud Abreu
- Department of Pathology, Institut Universitaire du Cancer-Oncopole de Toulouse, 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Laurence Lamant
- Department of Pathology, Institut Universitaire du Cancer-Oncopole de Toulouse, 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Meyer
- Department of Dermatology, Institut Universitaire du Cancer-Oncopole de Toulouse, 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Béatrice Vergier
- Service de Pathologie, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Equipe INSERM U1053-UMR BaRITOn (Eq 3), Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sabina Müller
- INSERM U1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université de Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, 31057 Toulouse, France
| | - Brienne McKenzie
- INSERM U1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université de Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, 31057 Toulouse, France
- Corresponding author. (S.V.); (B.M.)
| | - Salvatore Valitutti
- INSERM U1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université de Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, 31057 Toulouse, France
- Department of Pathology, Institut Universitaire du Cancer-Oncopole de Toulouse, 31059 Toulouse, France
- Corresponding author. (S.V.); (B.M.)
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8
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Shah K, Al-Haidari A, Sun J, Kazi JU. T cell receptor (TCR) signaling in health and disease. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:412. [PMID: 34897277 PMCID: PMC8666445 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00823-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Interaction of the T cell receptor (TCR) with an MHC-antigenic peptide complex results in changes at the molecular and cellular levels in T cells. The outside environmental cues are translated into various signal transduction pathways within the cell, which mediate the activation of various genes with the help of specific transcription factors. These signaling networks propagate with the help of various effector enzymes, such as kinases, phosphatases, and phospholipases. Integration of these disparate signal transduction pathways is done with the help of adaptor proteins that are non-enzymatic in function and that serve as a scaffold for various protein-protein interactions. This process aids in connecting the proximal to distal signaling pathways, thereby contributing to the full activation of T cells. This review provides a comprehensive snapshot of the various molecules involved in regulating T cell receptor signaling, covering both enzymes and adaptors, and will discuss their role in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinjal Shah
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Amr Al-Haidari
- Clinical Genetics and Pathology, Skåne University Hospital, Region Skåne, Lund, Sweden
- Clinical Sciences Department, Surgery Research Unit, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jianmin Sun
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Science and Technology center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Julhash U Kazi
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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9
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Huang F, Nguyen TT, Echeverria I, Rakesh R, Cary DC, Paculova H, Sali A, Weiss A, Peterlin BM, Fujinaga K. Reversible phosphorylation of cyclin T1 promotes assembly and stability of P-TEFb. eLife 2021; 10:68473. [PMID: 34821217 PMCID: PMC8648303 DOI: 10.7554/elife.68473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb) is a critical coactivator for transcription of most cellular and viral genes, including those of HIV. While P-TEFb is regulated by 7SK snRNA in proliferating cells, P-TEFb is absent due to diminished levels of CycT1 in quiescent and terminally differentiated cells, which has remained unexplored. In these cells, we found that CycT1 not bound to CDK9 is rapidly degraded. Moreover, productive CycT1:CDK9 interactions are increased by PKC-mediated phosphorylation of CycT1 in human cells. Conversely, dephosphorylation of CycT1 by PP1 reverses this process. Thus, PKC inhibitors or removal of PKC by chronic activation results in P-TEFb disassembly and CycT1 degradation. This finding not only recapitulates P-TEFb depletion in resting CD4+ T cells but also in anergic T cells. Importantly, our studies reveal mechanisms of P-TEFb inactivation underlying T cell quiescence, anergy, and exhaustion as well as proviral latency and terminally differentiated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Huang
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Department of Medicine, San Francisco, United States
| | - Trang Tt Nguyen
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Department of Medicine, San Francisco, United States.,The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, San Francisco, United States
| | - Ignacia Echeverria
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Departmentof Cellular Molecular Pharmacology, California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QBI), and Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, San Francisco, United States
| | - Ramachandran Rakesh
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Departmentof Cellular Molecular Pharmacology, California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QBI), and Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, San Francisco, United States
| | - Daniele C Cary
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Department of Medicine, San Francisco, United States
| | - Hana Paculova
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Andrej Sali
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, and California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QBI), San Francisco, United States
| | - Arthur Weiss
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Department of Medicine, San Francisco, United States.,The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, San Francisco, United States
| | - Boris Matija Peterlin
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Department of Medicine, San Francisco, United States
| | - Koh Fujinaga
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Department of Medicine, San Francisco, United States
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10
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Shoushtari AN, Khan S, Komatsubara K, Feun L, Acquavella N, Singh-Kandah S, Negri T, Nesson A, Abbate K, Cremers S, Musi E, Ambrosini G, Lee S, Schwartz GK, Carvajal RD. A Phase Ib Study of Sotrastaurin, a PKC Inhibitor, and Alpelisib, a PI3Kα Inhibitor, in Patients with Metastatic Uveal Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5504. [PMID: 34771668 PMCID: PMC8583628 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is a rare subset of melanoma characterized by the presence of early initiating GNAQ/11 mutations, with downstream activation of the PKC, MAPK, and PI3Kα pathways. Activity has been observed with the PKC inhibitors sotrastaurin (AEB071) and darovasertib (IDE196) in patients with UM. Inhibition of the PI3K pathway enhances PKC inhibition in in vivo models. We therefore conducted a phase Ib study of sotrastaurin in combination with the PI3Kα inhibitor alpelisib to identify a tolerable regimen that may enhance the activity of PKC inhibition alone. Patients with metastatic uveal melanoma (n = 24) or GNAQ/11 mutant cutaneous melanoma (n = 1) were enrolled on escalating dose levels of sotrastaurin (100-400 mg BID) and alpelisib (200-350 mg QD). The primary objective was to identify the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of these agents when administered in combination. Treatment-related adverse events (AE) occurred in 86% (any grade) and 29% (Grade 3). No Grade 4-5-related AEs occurred. Dose Level 4 (sotrastaurin 200 mg BID and alpelisib 350 mg QD) was identified as the maximum tolerated dose. Pharmacokinetic analysis demonstrated increasing concentration levels with increasing doses of sotrastaurin and alpelisib, without evidence of interaction between agents. Pharmacodynamic assessment of pMARCKS and pAKT protein expression with drug exposure suggested modest target inhibition that did not correlate with clinical response. No objective responses were observed, and median progression-free survival was 8 weeks (range, 3-51 weeks). Although a tolerable dose of sotrastaurin and alpelisib was identified with pharmacodynamic evidence of target inhibition and without evidence of a corresponding immunosuppressive effect, limited clinical activity was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shaheer Khan
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (S.K.); (K.K.); (S.S.-K.); (T.N.); (A.N.); (S.C.); (E.M.); (G.A.); (G.K.S.); (R.D.C.)
| | - Kimberly Komatsubara
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (S.K.); (K.K.); (S.S.-K.); (T.N.); (A.N.); (S.C.); (E.M.); (G.A.); (G.K.S.); (R.D.C.)
| | - Lynn Feun
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (L.F.); (N.A.)
| | - Nicolas Acquavella
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (L.F.); (N.A.)
| | - Shahnaz Singh-Kandah
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (S.K.); (K.K.); (S.S.-K.); (T.N.); (A.N.); (S.C.); (E.M.); (G.A.); (G.K.S.); (R.D.C.)
| | - Tiffany Negri
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (S.K.); (K.K.); (S.S.-K.); (T.N.); (A.N.); (S.C.); (E.M.); (G.A.); (G.K.S.); (R.D.C.)
| | - Alexandra Nesson
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (S.K.); (K.K.); (S.S.-K.); (T.N.); (A.N.); (S.C.); (E.M.); (G.A.); (G.K.S.); (R.D.C.)
| | - Kelly Abbate
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Serge Cremers
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (S.K.); (K.K.); (S.S.-K.); (T.N.); (A.N.); (S.C.); (E.M.); (G.A.); (G.K.S.); (R.D.C.)
| | - Elgilda Musi
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (S.K.); (K.K.); (S.S.-K.); (T.N.); (A.N.); (S.C.); (E.M.); (G.A.); (G.K.S.); (R.D.C.)
| | - Grazia Ambrosini
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (S.K.); (K.K.); (S.S.-K.); (T.N.); (A.N.); (S.C.); (E.M.); (G.A.); (G.K.S.); (R.D.C.)
| | - Shing Lee
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA;
| | - Gary K. Schwartz
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (S.K.); (K.K.); (S.S.-K.); (T.N.); (A.N.); (S.C.); (E.M.); (G.A.); (G.K.S.); (R.D.C.)
| | - Richard D. Carvajal
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (S.K.); (K.K.); (S.S.-K.); (T.N.); (A.N.); (S.C.); (E.M.); (G.A.); (G.K.S.); (R.D.C.)
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11
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Grondman I, de Nooijer AH, Antonakos N, Janssen NAF, Mouktaroudi M, Leventogiannis K, Medici M, Smit JWA, van Herwaarden AE, Joosten LAB, van der Veerdonk FL, Pickkers P, Kox M, Jaeger M, Netea MG, Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ, Netea-Maier RT. The Association of TSH and Thyroid Hormones With Lymphopenia in Bacterial Sepsis and COVID-19. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:1994-2009. [PMID: 33713408 PMCID: PMC7989224 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Lymphopenia is a key feature of immune dysfunction in patients with bacterial sepsis and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and is associated with poor clinical outcomes, but the cause is largely unknown. Severely ill patients may present with thyroid function abnormalities, so-called nonthyroidal illness syndrome, and several studies have linked thyrotropin (thyroid stimulating hormone, TSH) and the thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) to homeostatic regulation and function of lymphocyte populations. OBJECTIVE This work aimed to test the hypothesis that abnormal thyroid function correlates with lymphopenia in patients with severe infections. METHODS A retrospective analysis of absolute lymphocyte counts, circulating TSH, T4, free T4 (FT4), T3, albumin, and inflammatory biomarkers was performed in 2 independent hospitalized study populations: bacterial sepsis (n = 224) and COVID-19 patients (n = 161). A subgroup analysis was performed in patients with severe lymphopenia and normal lymphocyte counts. RESULTS Only T3 significantly correlated (ρ = 0.252) with lymphocyte counts in patients with bacterial sepsis, and lower concentrations were found in severe lymphopenic compared to nonlymphopenic patients (n = 56 per group). Severe lymphopenic COVID-19 patients (n = 17) showed significantly lower plasma concentrations of TSH, T4, FT4, and T3 compared to patients without lymphopenia (n = 18), and demonstrated significantly increased values of the inflammatory markers interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, and ferritin. Remarkably, after 1 week of follow-up, the majority (12 of 15) of COVID-19 patients showed quantitative recovery of their lymphocyte numbers, whereas TSH and thyroid hormones remained mainly disturbed. CONCLUSION Abnormal thyroid function correlates with lymphopenia in patients with severe infections, like bacterial sepsis and COVID-19, but future studies need to establish whether a causal relationship is involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge Grondman
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Aline H de Nooijer
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nikolaos Antonakos
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nico A F Janssen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Mouktaroudi
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Marco Medici
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Radboud University Nijmegen, GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases and Departments of Internal Medicine and Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jan W A Smit
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Radboud University Nijmegen, GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Leo A B Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frank L van der Veerdonk
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Pickkers
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Immunology and Metabolism, Life & Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Matthijs Kox
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Immunology and Metabolism, Life & Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Martin Jaeger
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Romana T Netea-Maier
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Radboud University Nijmegen, GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Corresponding author (and to whom reprints should be addressed): Romana Netea-Maier, MD PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 8, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands, Tel: +31-24-3614599, Email
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12
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Hsiao F, Frouard J, Gramatica A, Xie G, Telwatte S, Lee GQ, Roychoudhury P, Schwarzer R, Luo X, Yukl SA, Lee S, Hoh R, Deeks SG, Jones RB, Cavrois M, Greene WC, Roan NR. Tissue memory CD4+ T cells expressing IL-7 receptor-alpha (CD127) preferentially support latent HIV-1 infection. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008450. [PMID: 32353080 PMCID: PMC7192375 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary reservoir for HIV is within memory CD4+ T cells residing within tissues, yet the features that make some of these cells more susceptible than others to infection by HIV is not well understood. Recent studies demonstrated that CCR5-tropic HIV-1 efficiently enters tissue-derived memory CD4+ T cells expressing CD127, the alpha chain of the IL7 receptor, but rarely completes the replication cycle. We now demonstrate that the inability of HIV to replicate in these CD127-expressing cells is not due to post-entry restriction by SAMHD1. Rather, relative to other memory T cell subsets, these cells are highly prone to undergoing latent infection with HIV, as revealed by the high levels of integrated HIV DNA in these cells. Host gene expression profiling revealed that CD127-expressing memory CD4+ T cells are phenotypically distinct from other tissue memory CD4+ T cells, and are defined by a quiescent state with diminished NFκB, NFAT, and Ox40 signaling. However, latently-infected CD127+ cells harbored unspliced HIV transcripts and stimulation of these cells with anti-CD3/CD28 reversed latency. These findings identify a novel subset of memory CD4+ T cells found in tissue and not in blood that are preferentially targeted for latent infection by HIV, and may serve as an important reservoir to target for HIV eradication efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Hsiao
- Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Julie Frouard
- Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Andrea Gramatica
- Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Guorui Xie
- Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Sushama Telwatte
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center and University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Guinevere Q. Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Pavitra Roychoudhury
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Roland Schwarzer
- Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Xiaoyu Luo
- Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Steven A. Yukl
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center and University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Sulggi Lee
- Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and the University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Rebecca Hoh
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases and Global Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Steven G. Deeks
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases and Global Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - R. Brad Jones
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Marielle Cavrois
- Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Warner C. Greene
- Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Departments of Medicine and Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Nadia R. Roan
- Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
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13
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Verma NK, Chalasani MLS, Scott JD, Kelleher D. CG-NAP/Kinase Interactions Fine-Tune T Cell Functions. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2642. [PMID: 31781123 PMCID: PMC6861388 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
CG-NAP, also known as AKAP450, is an anchoring/adaptor protein that streamlines signal transduction in various cell types by localizing signaling proteins and enzymes with their substrates. Great efforts are being devoted to elucidating functional roles of this protein and associated macromolecular signaling complex. Increasing understanding of pathways involved in regulating T lymphocytes suggests that CG-NAP can facilitate dynamic interactions between kinases and their substrates and thus fine-tune T cell motility and effector functions. As a result, new binding partners of CG-NAP are continually being uncovered. Here, we review recent advances in CG-NAP research, focusing on its interactions with kinases in T cells with an emphasis on the possible role of this anchoring protein as a target for therapeutic intervention in immune-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navin Kumar Verma
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - John D Scott
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Dermot Kelleher
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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14
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Herranz G, Aguilera P, Dávila S, Sánchez A, Stancu B, Gómez J, Fernández-Moreno D, de Martín R, Quintanilla M, Fernández T, Rodríguez-Silvestre P, Márquez-Expósito L, Bello-Gamboa A, Fraile-Ramos A, Calvo V, Izquierdo M. Protein Kinase C δ Regulates the Depletion of Actin at the Immunological Synapse Required for Polarized Exosome Secretion by T Cells. Front Immunol 2019; 10:851. [PMID: 31105694 PMCID: PMC6499072 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Multivesicular bodies (MVB) are endocytic compartments that enclose intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) formed by inward budding from the limiting membrane of endosomes. In T lymphocytes, ILVs are secreted as Fas ligand-bearing, pro-apoptotic exosomes following T cell receptor (TCR)-induced fusion of MVB with the plasma membrane at the immune synapse (IS). In this study we show that protein kinase C δ (PKCδ), a novel PKC isotype activated by diacylglycerol (DAG), regulates TCR-controlled MVB polarization toward the IS and exosome secretion. Concomitantly, we demonstrate that PKCδ-interfered T lymphocytes are defective in activation-induced cell death. Using a DAG sensor based on the C1 DAG-binding domain of PKCδ and a GFP-PKCδ chimera, we reveal that T lymphocyte activation enhances DAG levels at the MVB endomembranes which mediates the association of PKCδ to MVB. Spatiotemporal reorganization of F-actin at the IS is inhibited in PKCδ-interfered T lymphocytes. Therefore, we propose PKCδ as a DAG effector that regulates the actin reorganization necessary for MVB traffic and exosome secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Herranz
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Aguilera
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Dávila
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Sánchez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bianca Stancu
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Gómez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Fernández-Moreno
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raúl de Martín
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario Quintanilla
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Fernández
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Rodríguez-Silvestre
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Márquez-Expósito
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Bello-Gamboa
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Fraile-Ramos
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor Calvo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Izquierdo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
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15
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Diener C, Hart M, Alansary D, Poth V, Walch-Rückheim B, Menegatti J, Grässer F, Fehlmann T, Rheinheimer S, Niemeyer BA, Lenhof HP, Keller A, Meese E. Modulation of intracellular calcium signaling by microRNA-34a-5p. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:1008. [PMID: 30262862 PMCID: PMC6160487 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1050-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Adjusting intracellular calcium signaling is an important feature in the regulation of immune cell function and survival. Here we show that miR-34a-5p, a small non-coding RNA that is deregulated in many common diseases, is a regulator of store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) and calcineurin signaling. Upon miR-34a-5p overexpression, we observed both a decreased depletion of ER calcium content and a decreased Ca2+ influx through Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ channels. Based on an in silico target prediction we identified multiple miR-34a-5p target genes within both pathways that are implicated in the balance between T-cell activation and apoptosis including ITPR2, CAMLG, STIM1, ORAI3, RCAN1, PPP3R1, and NFATC4. Functional analysis revealed a decrease in Ca2+ activated calcineurin pathway activity measured by a reduced IL-2 secretion due to miR-34a-5p overexpression. Impacting SOCE and/or downstream calcineurin/NFAT signaling by miR-34a-5p offers a possible future approach to manipulate immune cells for clinical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Diener
- Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany.
| | - Martin Hart
- Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Dalia Alansary
- Molecular Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Vanessa Poth
- Molecular Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Walch-Rückheim
- Institute of Virology and Center of Human and Molecular Biology, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Jennifer Menegatti
- Institute of Virology and Center of Human and Molecular Biology, Medical School, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Friedrich Grässer
- Institute of Virology and Center of Human and Molecular Biology, Medical School, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Fehlmann
- Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | | | - Barbara A Niemeyer
- Molecular Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Lenhof
- Center for Bioinformatics, Saarland Informatics Campus, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Andreas Keller
- Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Eckart Meese
- Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
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16
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Kabanova A, Zurli V, Baldari CT. Signals Controlling Lytic Granule Polarization at the Cytotoxic Immune Synapse. Front Immunol 2018. [PMID: 29515593 PMCID: PMC5826174 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic immunity relies on specialized effector T cells, the cytotoxic T cells, which are endowed with specialized cytolytic machinery that permits them to induce death of their targets. Upon recognition of a target cell, cytotoxic T cells form a lytic immune synapse and by docking the microtubule-organizing center at the synaptic membrane get prepared to deliver a lethal hit of enzymes contained in lytic granules. New insights suggest that the directionality of lytic granule trafficking along the microtubules represents a fine means to tune the functional outcome of the encounter between a T cell and its target. Thus, mechanisms regulating the directionality of granule transport may have a major impact in settings characterized by evasion from the cytotoxic response, such as chronic infection and cancer. Here, we review our current knowledge on the signaling pathways implicated in the polarized trafficking at the immune synapse of cytotoxic T cells, complementing it with information on the regulation of this process in natural killer cells. Furthermore, we highlight some of the parameters which we consider critical in studying the polarized trafficking of lytic granules, including the use of freshly isolated cytotoxic T cells, and discuss some of the major open questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kabanova
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Vanessa Zurli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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17
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Martini S, Pozzi G, Carubbi C, Masselli E, Galli D, Di Nuzzo S, Banchini A, Gobbi G, Vitale M, Mirandola P. PKCε promotes human Th17 differentiation: Implications in the pathophysiology of psoriasis. Eur J Immunol 2018; 48:644-654. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201747102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Martini
- Department of Medicine & Surgery (DiMeC); University of Parma; Parma IT
- CoreLab; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma; Parma IT
| | - Giulia Pozzi
- Department of Medicine & Surgery (DiMeC); University of Parma; Parma IT
| | - Cecilia Carubbi
- Department of Medicine & Surgery (DiMeC); University of Parma; Parma IT
- CoreLab; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma; Parma IT
| | - Elena Masselli
- Department of Medicine & Surgery (DiMeC); University of Parma; Parma IT
| | - Daniela Galli
- Department of Medicine & Surgery (DiMeC); University of Parma; Parma IT
| | - Sergio Di Nuzzo
- Department of Medicine & Surgery (DiMeC); University of Parma; Parma IT
| | - Antonio Banchini
- Department of Medicine & Surgery (DiMeC); University of Parma; Parma IT
| | - Giuliana Gobbi
- Department of Medicine & Surgery (DiMeC); University of Parma; Parma IT
- CoreLab; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma; Parma IT
| | - Marco Vitale
- Department of Medicine & Surgery (DiMeC); University of Parma; Parma IT
- CoreLab; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma; Parma IT
| | - Prisco Mirandola
- Department of Medicine & Surgery (DiMeC); University of Parma; Parma IT
- CoreLab; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma; Parma IT
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18
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Ozay EI, Gonzalez-Perez G, Torres JA, Vijayaraghavan J, Lawlor R, Sherman HL, Garrigan DT, Burnside AS, Osborne BA, Tew GN, Minter LM. Intracellular Delivery of Anti-pPKCθ (Thr538) via Protein Transduction Domain Mimics for Immunomodulation. Mol Ther 2016; 24:2118-2130. [PMID: 27633441 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2016.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting cellular proteins with antibodies, to better understand cellular signaling pathways in the context of disease modulation, is a fast-growing area of investigation. Humanized antibodies are increasingly gaining attention for their therapeutic potential, but the collection of cellular targets is limited to those secreted from cells or expressed on the cell surface. This approach leaves a wealth of intracellular proteins unexplored as putative targets for antibody binding. Protein kinase Cθ (PKCθ) is essential to T cell activation, proliferation, and differentiation, and its phosphorylation at specific residues is required for its activity. Here we report on the design, synthesis, and characterization of a protein transduction domain mimic capable of efficiently delivering an antibody against phosphorylated PKCθ (Thr538) into human peripheral mononuclear blood cells and altering expression of downstream indicators of T cell activation and differentiation. We used a humanized, lymphocyte transfer model of graft-versus-host disease, to evaluate the durability of protein transduction domain mimic:Anti-pPKCθ modulation, when delivered into human peripheral mononuclear blood cells ex vivo. We demonstrate that protein transduction domain mimic:Antibody complexes can be readily introduced with high efficacy into hard-to-transfect human peripheral mononuclear blood cells, eliciting a biological response sufficient to alter disease progression. Thus, protein transduction domain mimic:Antibody delivery may represent an efficient ex vivo approach to manipulating cellular responses by targeting intracellular proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ilker Ozay
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gabriela Gonzalez-Perez
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Joe A Torres
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jyothi Vijayaraghavan
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rebecca Lawlor
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Heather L Sherman
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniel T Garrigan
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amy S Burnside
- Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Barbara A Osborne
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gregory N Tew
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lisa M Minter
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
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Brzostek J, Gascoigne NRJ, Rybakin V. Cell Type-Specific Regulation of Immunological Synapse Dynamics by B7 Ligand Recognition. Front Immunol 2016; 7:24. [PMID: 26870040 PMCID: PMC4740375 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
B7 proteins CD80 (B7-1) and CD86 (B7-2) are expressed on most antigen-presenting cells and provide critical co-stimulatory or inhibitory input to T cells via their T-cell-expressed receptors: CD28 and CTLA-4. CD28 is expressed on effector T cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs), and CD28-dependent signals are required for optimum activation of effector T cell functions. CD28 ligation on effector T cells leads to formation of distinct molecular patterns and induction of cytoskeletal rearrangements at the immunological synapse (IS). CD28 plays a critical role in recruitment of protein kinase C (PKC)-θ to the effector T cell IS. CTLA-4 is constitutively expressed on the surface of Tregs, but it is expressed on effector T cells only after activation. As CTLA-4 binds to B7 proteins with significantly higher affinity than CD28, B7 ligand recognition by cells expressing both receptors leads to displacement of CD28 and PKC-θ from the IS. In Tregs, B7 ligand recognition leads to recruitment of CTLA-4 and PKC-η to the IS. CTLA-4 plays a role in regulation of T effector and Treg IS stability and cell motility. Due to their important roles in regulating T-cell-mediated responses, B7 receptors are emerging as important drug targets in oncology. In this review, we present an integrated summary of current knowledge about the role of B7 family receptor–ligand interactions in the regulation of spatial and temporal IS dynamics in effector and Tregs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Brzostek
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Immunology Programme, National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore
| | - Nicholas R J Gascoigne
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Immunology Programme, National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore
| | - Vasily Rybakin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Immunology Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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20
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Lee HS, Choi EJ, Choi H, Lee KS, Kim HR, Na BR, Kwon MS, Jeong GS, Choi HG, Choi EY, Jun CD. Oral Administration of 4-Hydroxy-3-Methoxycinnamaldehyde Attenuates Atopic Dermatitis by Inhibiting T Cell and Keratinocyte Activation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144521. [PMID: 26656486 PMCID: PMC4675532 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a skin condition caused by an imbalance of distinct subsets of T helper cells. Previously, we showed that 4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamaldehyde (4H3MC) inhibits T cell activation but does not induce apoptosis. Here, we examined the mechanism underlying the inhibitory effect of 4H3MC on AD both in vivo and in vitro. We sought to test the pharmacological effects of 4H3MC using a mouse model of 2, 4-‘2,4-dinitrocholorobenzene’ (DNCB)- and mite-induced AD. Also, we determined whether 4H3MC affects T cell differentiation and proliferation. Oral administration of 4H3MC attenuated the symptoms of DNCB- and mite-induced AD, including increased ear thickness, serum IgE levels, immune cell infiltration into inflammatory lesions, and pathogenic cytokine expression in ear tissues. In vitro, 4H3MC blocked T cell differentiation into Th1 and Th2 subtypes, as reflected by suppression of T-bet and GATA3, which are key transcription factors involved in T cell differentiation. In addition, 4H3MC downregulated T cell proliferation during Th1 and Th2 differentiation and keratinocyte activation. Collectively, these findings suggest that 4H3MC ameliorates AD symptoms by modulating the functions of effector T cells and keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Su Lee
- School of Life Sciences, Immune Synapse Research Center and Cell Dynamics Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ju Choi
- Division of Sport Science, College of Natural Sciences, Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
| | - Heeri Choi
- Division of Sport Science, College of Natural Sciences, Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Sik Lee
- School of Life Sciences, Immune Synapse Research Center and Cell Dynamics Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Ran Kim
- School of Life Sciences, Immune Synapse Research Center and Cell Dynamics Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Ra Na
- School of Life Sciences, Immune Synapse Research Center and Cell Dynamics Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Sung Kwon
- School of Life Sciences, Immune Synapse Research Center and Cell Dynamics Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Gil-Saeng Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Gyu Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Young Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (EYC); (CDJ)
| | - Chang-Duk Jun
- School of Life Sciences, Immune Synapse Research Center and Cell Dynamics Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (EYC); (CDJ)
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21
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Brezar V, Tu WJ, Seddiki N. PKC-Theta in Regulatory and Effector T-cell Functions. Front Immunol 2015; 6:530. [PMID: 26528291 PMCID: PMC4602307 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the major goals in immunology research is to understand the regulatory mechanisms that underpin the rapid switch on/off of robust and efficient effector (Teffs) or regulatory (Tregs) T-cell responses. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of such responses is critical for the development of effective therapies. T-cell activation involves the engagement of T-cell receptor and co-stimulatory signals, but the subsequent recruitment of serine/threonine-specific protein Kinase C-theta (PKC-θ) to the immunological synapse (IS) is instrumental for the formation of signaling complexes, which ultimately lead to a transcriptional network in T cells. Recent studies demonstrated that major differences between Teffs and Tregs occurred at the IS where its formation induces altered signaling pathways in Tregs. These pathways are characterized by reduced recruitment of PKC-θ, suggesting that PKC-θ inhibits Tregs suppressive function in a negative feedback loop. As the balance of Teffs and Tregs has been shown to be central in several diseases, it was not surprising that some studies revealed that PKC-θ plays a major role in the regulation of this balance. This review will examine recent knowledge on the role of PKC-θ in T-cell transcriptional responses and how this protein can impact on the function of both Tregs and Teffs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vedran Brezar
- INSERM U955, Équipe 16 and Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Est , Créteil , France ; Vaccine Research Institute (VRI) , Créteil , France
| | - Wen Juan Tu
- Faculty of Education, Science, Technology and Maths, University of Canberra , Canberra, ACT , Australia
| | - Nabila Seddiki
- INSERM U955, Équipe 16 and Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Est , Créteil , France ; Vaccine Research Institute (VRI) , Créteil , France
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22
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Protein kinase C: a regulator of cytoskeleton remodelling and T-cell migration. Biochem Soc Trans 2015; 42:1490-7. [PMID: 25399559 DOI: 10.1042/bst20140204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC) is a family of ten serine/threonine kinases that have diverse roles in the signalling pathways regulating cellular proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and immune responses. Elucidating roles for individual PKC isoforms in the immune responses of T-cells have long been a challenging prospect, because these cells are known to express nine of these isoforms. A variety of approaches including the use of knockout mice, overexpression of kinase-inactive mutants, cell-permeable peptides, pharmacological inhibitors and siRNAs have shown that PKCs regulate the production of inflammatory cytokines and the cytotoxic responses of various T-cell subsets. Central to the T-cell immune response is a requirement to migrate to various organs and tissues in search of pathogens and micro-organisms. T-cell migration is guided by specific sets of chemokines and integrin ligands that activate their cognate chemokine receptors and integrins on T-cells, resulting in remodelling of the cytoskeleton and the dynamic protrusive/contractile forces necessary for cell adhesion and motility. In the present article, we review the role of PKC in T-cell migration, with an emphasis on studies that have defined their roles in cytoskeletal remodelling, cell polarity and intracellular trafficking downstream of chemokine receptors and integrins.
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Corsini E, Galbiati V, Pinto A, Davin A, Polito L, Guaita A, Racchi M. Immunostimulatory effects of RACK1 pseudosubstrate in human leukocytes obtained from young and old donors. Oncotarget 2015; 6:6524-34. [PMID: 25779661 PMCID: PMC4466631 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims of this study were to investigate the ability of RACK1 pseudosubstrate alone or in combination with classical immune stimuli to activate human leukocytes, and to restore age-associated immune defects.A total of 25 donors (17 old donors, 77-79 yrs; 8 young donors, 25-34 yrs) were enrolled. To evaluate the effect of RACK1 pseudosubstrate on cytokine production and CD86 expression the whole blood assay was used. Cultures were treated with RACK1 pseudosubstrate in the presence or absence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and incubated for 24 h or 48 h for LPS-induced CD86 expression, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 production, and PHA-induced IL-4, IL-10, IFN-γ, respectively. RACK1 pseudosubstrate alone induced IL-6, IL-8, and CD86 expression in both young and old donors, and IFN-γ in old donors. In combination with LPS an increase in IL-8, IL-10 and TNF-α was observed, also resulting in restoration of age-associated defective production, while no changes in the other parameters investigated were found.Even if based on a small sample size, these results suggest the possibility to by-pass some of age-associated immune alterations, which may be beneficial in situations were natural immune stimulation is required, and highlight a different role of PKCβ in immune cells activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Corsini
- Laboratory of Toxicology, DiSFeB, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Galbiati
- Laboratory of Toxicology, DiSFeB, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonella Pinto
- Department of Drug Sciences - Pharmacology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Marco Racchi
- Department of Drug Sciences - Pharmacology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Kim MS, Kang JW, Lee DH, Bak Y, Park YS, Song YS, Ham SY, Oh DK, Hong J, Yoon DY. IL-32θ negatively regulates IL-1β production through its interaction with PKCδ and the inhibition of PU.1 phosphorylation. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:2822-9. [PMID: 24996056 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
It has been well known that IL-32 exerts pro-inflammatory effects on the various inflammatory diseases in clinical studies. Here, we confirmed that IL-32θ, a new isoform of IL-32, decreased the phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced IL-1β expression in THP-1 human myelomonocyte. We previously reported that the IL-32 isoforms control expressions of other cytokines via novel PKCs. Likewise, IL-32θ interacted with PKCδ, and consequently inhibited PKCδ-mediated phosphorylation of PU.1. Moreover, IL-32θ attenuated the localization of PU.1 into the IL-1β promoter region. These findings reveal that IL-32θ reduces PKCδ-mediated phosphorylation of PU.1, resulting in attenuation of IL-1β production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Sub Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Neungdong-ro 120, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Woo Kang
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Neungdong-ro 120, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hun Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Neungdong-ro 120, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yesol Bak
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Neungdong-ro 120, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Sun Park
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Neungdong-ro 120, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Seok Song
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Neungdong-ro 120, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Young Ham
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Neungdong-ro 120, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Kun Oh
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Neungdong-ro 120, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jintae Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 12 Gashin-dong, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-463, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Young Yoon
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Neungdong-ro 120, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea.
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25
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Protein kinase C inhibitors for immune disorders. Drug Discov Today 2014; 19:1217-21. [PMID: 24892801 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2014.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC) proteins are a group of well-conserved, intracellular signaling enzymes expressed in all cells and tissues, including immune cells. Much of the molecular insight into PKC immunobiology has been gleaned from studies using PKC gene (Prkc) knockout mice and the analysis of different disease models in these animals. More-recent studies have revealed that PKCs also have crucial roles in the pathogenesis of human immune disorders. Therefore, strategies to modulate the functions of PKC enzymes could have a major impact on the treatment and therapies of autoimmune diseases and other immune disorders.
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26
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Isakov N, Altman A. Regulation of immune system cell functions by protein kinase C. Front Immunol 2013; 4:384. [PMID: 24302926 PMCID: PMC3831523 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Noah Isakov
- Faculty of Health Sciences, The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Cancer Research Center, Ben Gurion University of the Negev , Beer Sheva , Israel
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27
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Corsini E, Galbiati V, Esser PR, Pinto A, Racchi M, Marinovich M, Martin SF, Galli CL. Role of PKC-β in chemical allergen-induced CD86 expression and IL-8 release in THP-1 cells. Arch Toxicol 2013; 88:415-24. [PMID: 24136171 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-013-1144-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated an age-related decrease in receptor for activated C-kinase (RACK-1) expression and functional deficit in Langerhans cells' responsiveness. This defect specifically involves the translocation of protein kinase C (PKC)-β. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of RACK-1 and PKC-β in chemical allergen-induced CD86 expression and IL-8 release in the human promyelocytic cell line THP-1 and primary human dendritic cells (DC). Dinitrochlorobenzene, p-phenylenediamine and diethyl maleate were used as contact allergens. The selective cell-permeable inhibitor of PKC-β and the broad PKC inhibitor GF109203X completely prevented chemical allergen- or lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced CD86 expression and significantly modulated IL-8 release (50 % reduction). The selective cell-permeable inhibitor of PKC-ε (also known to bind to RACK-1) failed to modulate allergen- or LPS-induced CD86 expression or allergen-induced IL-8 release, while modulating LPS-induced IL-8 release. The use of a RACK-1 pseudosubstrate, which directly activates PKC-β, resulted in dose-related increase in CD86 expression and IL-8 release. Similar results were obtained with human DC, confirming the relevance of results obtained in THP-1 cells. Overall, our findings demonstrate the role of PKC-β and RACK-1 in allergen-induced CD86 expression and IL-8 production, supporting a central role of PKC-β in the initiation of chemical allergen-induced DC activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Corsini
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Balzaretti 9, 20133, Milan, Italy,
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28
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von Essen MR, Kongsbak M, Levring TB, Hansen AK, Boding L, Lauritsen JPH, Woetmann A, Baier G, Ødum N, Bonefeld CM, Geisler C. PKC-θ exists in an oxidized inactive form in naive human T cells. Eur J Immunol 2013; 43:1659-66. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201243140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Rode von Essen
- Department of International Health; Immunology and Microbiology; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen; Denmark
| | - Martin Kongsbak
- Department of International Health; Immunology and Microbiology; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen; Denmark
| | - Trine Bøegh Levring
- Department of International Health; Immunology and Microbiology; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen; Denmark
| | - Ann Kathrine Hansen
- Department of International Health; Immunology and Microbiology; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen; Denmark
| | - Lasse Boding
- Department of International Health; Immunology and Microbiology; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen; Denmark
| | - Jens Peter Holst Lauritsen
- Department of International Health; Immunology and Microbiology; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen; Denmark
| | - Anders Woetmann
- Department of International Health; Immunology and Microbiology; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen; Denmark
| | - Gottfried Baier
- Department of Medical Genetics; Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology; Innsbruck Medical University; Innsbruck; Austria
| | - Niels Ødum
- Department of International Health; Immunology and Microbiology; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen; Denmark
| | - Charlotte Menné Bonefeld
- Department of International Health; Immunology and Microbiology; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen; Denmark
| | - Carsten Geisler
- Department of International Health; Immunology and Microbiology; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen; Denmark
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29
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Yan Zhang E, Kong KF, Altman A. The yin and yang of protein kinase C-theta (PKCθ): a novel drug target for selective immunosuppression. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2013; 66:267-312. [PMID: 23433459 PMCID: PMC3903317 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-404717-4.00006-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase C-theta (PKCθ) is a protein kinase C (PKC) family member expressed predominantly in T lymphocytes, and extensive studies addressing its function have been conducted. PKCθ is the only T cell-expressed PKC that localizes selectively to the center of the immunological synapse (IS) following conventional T cell antigen stimulation, and this unique localization is essential for PKCθ-mediated downstream signaling. While playing a minor role in T cell development, early in vitro studies relying, among others, on the use of PKCθ-deficient (Prkcq(-/-)) T cells revealed that PKCθ is required for the activation and proliferation of mature T cells, reflecting its importance in activating the transcription factors nuclear factor kappa B, activator protein-1, and nuclear factor of activated T cells, as well as for the survival of activated T cells. Upon subsequent analysis of in vivo immune responses in Prkcq(-/-) mice, it became clear that PKCθ has a selective role in the immune system: it is required for experimental Th2- and Th17-mediated allergic and autoimmune diseases, respectively, and for alloimmune responses, but is dispensable for protective responses against pathogens and for graft-versus-leukemia responses. Surprisingly, PKCθ was recently found to be excluded from the IS of regulatory T cells and to negatively regulate their suppressive function. These attributes of PKCθ make it an attractive target for catalytic or allosteric inhibitors that are expected to selectively suppress harmful inflammatory and alloimmune responses without interfering with beneficial immunity to infections. Early progress in developing such drugs is being made, but additional studies on the role of PKCθ in the human immune system are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Amnon Altman
- Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
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30
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Isakov N, Altman A. PKC-theta-mediated signal delivery from the TCR/CD28 surface receptors. Front Immunol 2012; 3:273. [PMID: 22936936 PMCID: PMC3425079 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2012.00273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase C-theta (PKCθ) is a key enzyme in T lymphocytes, where it plays an important role in signal transduction downstream of the activated T cell antigen receptor (TCR) and the CD28 costimulatory receptor. Interest in PKCθ as a potential drug target has increased following recent findings that PKCθ is essential for harmful inflammatory responses mediated by Th2 (allergies) and Th17 (autoimmunity) cells as well as for graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) and allograft rejection, but is dispensable for beneficial responses such as antiviral immunity and graft-versus-leukemia (GvL) response. TCR/CD28 engagement triggers the translocation of the cytosolic PKCθ to the plasma membrane (PM), where it localizes at the center of the immunological synapse (IS), which forms at the contact site between an antigen-specific T cell and antigen-presenting cells (APC). However, the molecular basis for this unique localization, and whether it is required for its proper function have remained unresolved issues until recently. Our recent study resolved these questions by demonstrating that the unique V3 (hinge) domain of PKCθ and, more specifically, a proline-rich motif within this domain, is essential and sufficient for its localization at the IS, where it is anchored to the cytoplasmic tail of CD28 via an indirect mechanism involving Lck protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) as an intermediate. Importantly, the association of PKCθ with CD28 is essential not only for IS localization, but also for PKCθ-mediated activation of downstream signaling pathways, including the transcription factors NF-κB and NF-AT, which are essential for productive T cell activation. Hence, interference with formation of the PKCθ-Lck-CD28 complex provides a promising basis for the design of novel, clinically useful allosteric PKCθ inhibitors. An additional recent study demonstrated that TCR triggering activates the germinal center kinase (GSK)-like kinase (GLK) and induces its association with the SLP-76 adaptor at the IS, where GLK phosphorylates the activation loop of PKCθ, converting it into an active enzyme. This recent progress, coupled with the need to study the biology of PKCθ in human T cells, is likely to facilitate the development of PKCθ-based therapeutic modalities for T cell-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Isakov
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences and the Cancer Research Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Beer Sheva, Israel
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