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Hull CM, Larcombe-Young D, Mazza R, George M, Davies DM, Schurich A, Maher J. Granzyme B-activated IL18 potentiates αβ and γδ CAR T cell immunotherapy in a tumor-dependent manner. Mol Ther 2024; 32:2373-2392. [PMID: 38745414 PMCID: PMC11286818 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)18 is a potent pro-inflammatory cytokine that is activated upon caspase 1 cleavage of the latent precursor, pro-IL18. Therapeutic T cell armoring with IL18 promotes autocrine stimulation and positive modulation of the tumor microenvironment (TME). However, existing strategies are imperfect since they involve constitutive/poorly regulated activity or fail to modify the TME. Here, we have substituted the caspase 1 cleavage site within pro-IL18 with that preferred by granzyme B, yielding GzB-IL18. We demonstrate that GzB-IL18 is constitutively released but remains functionally latent unless chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells are activated, owing to concomitant granzyme B release. Armoring with GzB-IL18 enhances cytolytic activity, proliferation, interferon (IFN)-γ release, and anti-tumor efficacy by a similar magnitude to constitutively active IL18. We also demonstrate that GzB-IL18 provides a highly effective armoring strategy for γδ CAR T cells, leading to enhanced metabolic fitness and significant potentiation of therapeutic activity. Finally, we show that constitutively active IL18 can unmask CAR T cell-mediated cytokine release syndrome in immunocompetent mice. By contrast, GzB-IL18 promotes anti-tumor activity and myeloid cell re-programming without inducing such toxicity. Using this stringent system, we have tightly coupled the biological activity of IL18 to the activation state of the host CAR T cell, favoring safer clinical implementation of this technology.
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MESH Headings
- Interleukin-18/metabolism
- Granzymes/metabolism
- Animals
- Mice
- Humans
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/metabolism
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/immunology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Tumor Microenvironment/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/immunology
- Neoplasms/therapy
- Neoplasms/immunology
- Neoplasms/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline M Hull
- Leucid Bio Ltd, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Daniel Larcombe-Young
- King's College London, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, CAR Mechanics Lab, Guy's Cancer Centre, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Roberta Mazza
- Leucid Bio Ltd, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Molly George
- King's College London, Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - David M Davies
- Leucid Bio Ltd, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Anna Schurich
- King's College London, Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - John Maher
- Leucid Bio Ltd, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK; King's College London, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, CAR Mechanics Lab, Guy's Cancer Centre, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK; Department of Immunology, Eastbourne Hospital, Kings Drive, Eastbourne, East Sussex BN21 2UD, UK.
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2
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Cambon A, Rebelle C, Bachelier R, Arnaud L, Robert S, Lagarde M, Muller R, Tellier E, Kara Y, Leroyer A, Farnarier C, Vallier L, Chareyre C, Retornaz K, Jurquet AL, Tran TA, Lacroix R, Dignat-George F, Kaplanski G. Macrophage IL-1β-positive microvesicles exhibit thrombo-inflammatory properties and are detectable in patients with active juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1228122. [PMID: 38077384 PMCID: PMC10703381 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1228122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective IL-1β is a leaderless cytokine with poorly known secretory mechanisms that is barely detectable in serum of patients, including those with an IL-1β-mediated disease such as systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA). Leukocyte microvesicles (MVs) may be a mechanism of IL-1β secretion. The first objective of our study was to characterize IL-1β-positive MVs obtained from macrophage cell culture supernatants and to investigate their biological functions in vitro and in vivo. The second objective was to detect circulating IL-1β-positive MVs in JIA patients. Methods MVs were purified by serial centrifugations from PBMCs, or THP-1 differentiated into macrophages, then stimulated with LPS ± ATP. MV content was analyzed for the presence of IL-1β, NLRP3 inflammasome, caspase-1, P2X7 receptor, and tissue factor (TF) using ELISA, Western blot, or flow cytometry. MV biological properties were studied in vitro by measuring VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and E-selectin expression after HUVEC co-culture and factor-Xa generation test was realized. In vivo, MVs' ability to recruit leukocytes in a murine model of peritonitis was evaluated. Plasmatic IL-1β-positive MVs were studied ex vivo in 10 active JIA patients using flow cytometry. Results THP-1-derived macrophages stimulated with LPS and ATP released MVs, which contained NLRP3, caspase-1, and the 33-kDa precursor and 17-kDa mature forms of IL-1β and bioactive TF. IL-1β-positive MVs expressed P2X7 receptor and released soluble IL-1β in response to ATP stimulation in vitro. In mice, MVs induced a leukocyte peritoneal infiltrate, which was reduced by treatment with the IL-1 receptor antagonist. Finally, IL-1β-positive MVs were detectable in plasma from 10 active JIA patients. Conclusion MVs shed from activated macrophages contain IL-1β, NLRP3 inflammasome components, and TF, and constitute thrombo-inflammatory vectors that can be detected in the plasma from active JIA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Cambon
- Aix-Marseille University, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de la Recherche pour l’Agriculture et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de Recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), Marseille, France
- Service de Médecine interne et d’Infectiologie, Hôpital d’Instruction des Armées (HIA) Sainte-Anne, Service de Santé des Armées (SSA), Toulon, France
| | - Charlotte Rebelle
- Aix-Marseille University, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de la Recherche pour l’Agriculture et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de Recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), Marseille, France
- Service de Pédiatrie, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Hôpital Nord, Marseille, France
| | - Richard Bachelier
- Aix-Marseille University, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de la Recherche pour l’Agriculture et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de Recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Arnaud
- Laboratoire d’Hématologie, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), La Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Stéphane Robert
- Aix-Marseille University, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de la Recherche pour l’Agriculture et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de Recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), Marseille, France
| | - Marie Lagarde
- Aix-Marseille University, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de la Recherche pour l’Agriculture et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de Recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), Marseille, France
| | - Romain Muller
- Aix-Marseille University, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de la Recherche pour l’Agriculture et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de Recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), Marseille, France
- Service de Médecine interne et d’Immunologie clinique, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), La Conception, Marseille, France
| | - Edwige Tellier
- Aix-Marseille University, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de la Recherche pour l’Agriculture et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de Recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), Marseille, France
| | - Yéter Kara
- Aix-Marseille University, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de la Recherche pour l’Agriculture et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de Recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), Marseille, France
| | - Aurélie Leroyer
- Aix-Marseille University, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de la Recherche pour l’Agriculture et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de Recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), Marseille, France
| | - Catherine Farnarier
- Laboratoire d’Immunologie, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), La Conception, Marseille, France
| | - Loris Vallier
- Aix-Marseille University, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de la Recherche pour l’Agriculture et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de Recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), Marseille, France
| | - Corinne Chareyre
- Aix-Marseille University, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de la Recherche pour l’Agriculture et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de Recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), Marseille, France
| | - Karine Retornaz
- Service de Pédiatrie, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Hôpital Nord, Marseille, France
| | - Anne-Laure Jurquet
- Service de Pédiatrie, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Hôpital Nord, Marseille, France
| | - Tu-Anh Tran
- Service de Pédiatrie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire (CHU) Nîmes, Hôpital Carémeau, Nîmes, France
| | - Romaric Lacroix
- Aix-Marseille University, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de la Recherche pour l’Agriculture et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de Recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), Marseille, France
- Laboratoire d’Hématologie, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), La Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Françoise Dignat-George
- Aix-Marseille University, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de la Recherche pour l’Agriculture et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de Recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), Marseille, France
- Laboratoire d’Hématologie, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), La Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Gilles Kaplanski
- Aix-Marseille University, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de la Recherche pour l’Agriculture et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de Recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), Marseille, France
- Service de Médecine interne et d’Immunologie clinique, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), La Conception, Marseille, France
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3
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Slaufova M, Karakaya T, Di Filippo M, Hennig P, Beer HD. The gasdermins: a pore-forming protein family expressed in the epidermis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1254150. [PMID: 37771587 PMCID: PMC10523161 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1254150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Gasdermins comprise a family of pore-forming proteins, which play critical roles in (auto)inflammatory diseases and cancer. They are expressed as self-inhibited precursor proteins consisting of an aminoterminal cytotoxic effector domain (NT-GSDM) and a carboxyterminal inhibitor domain (GSDM-CT) separated by an unstructured linker region. Proteolytic processing in the linker region liberates NT-GSDM, which translocates to membranes, forms oligomers, and induces membrane permeabilization, which can disturb the cellular equilibrium that can lead to cell death. Gasdermin activation and pore formation are associated with inflammation, particularly when induced by the inflammatory protease caspase-1 upon inflammasome activation. These gasdermin pores allow the release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin(IL)-1β and IL-18 and induce a lytic type of cell death, termed pyroptosis that supports inflammation, immunity, and tissue repair. However, even at the cellular level, the consequences of gasdermin activation are diverse and range from induction of programmed cell death - pyroptosis or apoptosis - to poorly characterized protective mechanisms. The specific effects of gasdermin activation can vary between species, cell types, the membrane that is being permeabilized (plasma membrane, mitochondrial membrane, etc.), and the overall biological state of the local tissue/cells. In epithelia, gasdermins seem to play crucial roles. Keratinocytes represent the main cell type of the epidermis, which is the outermost skin layer with an essential barrier function. Compared to other tissues, keratinocytes express all members of the gasdermin family, in part in a differentiation-specific manner. That raises questions regarding the specific roles of individual GSDM family members in the skin, the mechanisms and consequences of their activation, and the potential crosstalk between them. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about gasdermins with a focus on keratinocytes and the skin and discuss the possible roles of the different family members in immunity and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Slaufova
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tugay Karakaya
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michela Di Filippo
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paulina Hennig
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Dietmar Beer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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4
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Bibo-Verdugo B, Salvesen GS. Caspase mechanisms in the regulation of inflammation. Mol Aspects Med 2022; 88:101085. [PMID: 35248371 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2022.101085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Regulated cell death is defined as genetically encoded pathways that lead towards the demise of cells. In mammals, cell demise can be either inflammatory or non-inflammatory, depending on whether the mechanism of death results in cell rupture or not. Inflammatory cell death can lead towards acute and chronic disease. Therefore, it becomes important to distinguish the mechanisms that result in these different inflammatory cell death outcomes. Apoptosis is a non-inflammatory form of cell death where cells resist rupture. In contrast, pyroptosis and necroptosis are inflammatory forms of cell death principally because of release of pro-inflammatory mediators from cells undergoing lysis. This review focusses on the mechanisms of these different cell death outcomes with specific emphasis on the caspase family of proteolytic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betsaida Bibo-Verdugo
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
| | - Guy S Salvesen
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
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5
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Bae EJ, Choi M, Kim JT, Kim DK, Jung MK, Kim C, Kim TK, Lee JS, Jung BC, Shin SJ, Rhee KH, Lee SJ. TNF-α promotes α-synuclein propagation through stimulation of senescence-associated lysosomal exocytosis. Exp Mol Med 2022; 54:788-800. [PMID: 35790884 PMCID: PMC9352737 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00789-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-to-cell propagation of α-synuclein is thought to be the underlying mechanism of Parkinson's disease progression. Recent evidence suggests that inflammation plays an important role in the propagation of protein aggregates. However, the mechanism by which inflammation regulates the propagation of aggregates remains unknown. Here, using in vitro cultures, we found that soluble factors secreted from activated microglia promote cell-to-cell propagation of α-synuclein and further showed that among these soluble factors, TNF-α had the most robust stimulatory activity. Treatment of neurons with TNF-α triggered cellular senescence, as shown by transcriptomic analyses demonstrating induction of senescence-associated genes and immunoanalysis of senescence phenotype marker proteins. Interestingly, secretion of α-synuclein was increased in senescent neurons, reflecting acquisition of a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Using vacuolin-1, an inhibitor of lysosomal exocytosis, and RNAi against rab27a, we demonstrated that the SASP was mediated by lysosomal exocytosis. Correlative light and electron microscopy and immunoelectron microscopy confirmed that propagating α-synuclein aggregates were present in electron-dense lysosome-like compartments. TNF-α promoted the SASP through stimulation of lysosomal exocytosis, thereby increasing the secretion of α-synuclein. Collectively, these results suggest that TNF-α is the major inflammatory factor that drives cell-to-cell propagation of α-synuclein by promoting the SASP and subsequent secretion of α-synuclein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jin Bae
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsun Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Tae Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Kyu Kim
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Center for Convergence Research of Neurological Disorders, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Korea
| | - Min Kyo Jung
- Neural Circuits Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, 41068, Korea
| | - Changyoun Kim
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Molecular Neuropathology Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Tae-Kyung Kim
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sport Science Institute, Korea National Sport University, Seoul, 05541, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Sung Lee
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Neuramedy Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Chul Jung
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology Department, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Soo Jean Shin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Ka Hyun Rhee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Jae Lee
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
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Sun R, Gao DS, Shoush J, Lu B. The IL-1 family in tumorigenesis and antitumor immunity. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:280-295. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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7
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Rademacher F, Bartels J, Gläser R, Rodewald M, Schubert S, Drücke D, Rohde H, Harder J. Staphylococcus epidermidis-derived protease Esp mediates proteolytic activation of pro-IL-1beta in human keratinocytes. J Invest Dermatol 2022; 142:2756-2765.e8. [PMID: 35490742 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus epidermidis (SE) is an abundant skin commensal. It plays an important role in cutaneous defense by activation of IL-1 signaling. In keratinocytes, SE induces the release of mature IL-1beta. IL-1beta serves as an important cytokine of host defense. It contains an N-terminal prodomain that has to be cleaved off to generate active mature IL-1beta. Typically, processing and release of IL-1beta are associated with inflammasome assembly and activation of the protease caspase-1. Here we report that bacterial challenge of keratinocytes with SE induced the release of mature IL-1beta in a caspase-1-independent manner. Instead, the SE -derived serine protease Esp was identified as a pro-IL-1beta processing factor leading to a proteolytic maturation of active IL-1beta. Esp production and secretion by various SE strains correlated with their capacity to induce release of mature IL-1beta in human primary keratinocytes. Reconstitution of Esp-lacking SE strains with Esp enhanced their capacity to induce IL-1beta release in keratinocytes and skin. Intracellular abundance of pro-IL-1beta and cytotoxic effects of SE suggest release of pro-IL-1beta during injury followed by extracellular Esp-mediated processing to mature IL-1beta. These findings provide further insights into how a skin commensal interacts with keratinocytes to activate cutaneous host innate defense.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Regine Gläser
- Department of Dermatology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Meno Rodewald
- Department of Dermatology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sabine Schubert
- Institute of Infection Medicine, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Daniel Drücke
- Department of Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Holger Rohde
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Harder
- Department of Dermatology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany.
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Mechanisms and Consequences of Noncanonical Inflammasome-Mediated Pyroptosis. J Mol Biol 2022; 434:167245. [PMID: 34537239 PMCID: PMC8844060 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.167245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The noncanonical inflammasome, comprising inflammatory caspases 4, 5, or 11, monitors the cytosol for bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Intracellular LPS-elicited autoproteolysis of these inflammatory caspases leads to the cleavage of the pore-forming protein gasdermin D (GSDMD). GSDMD pore formation induces a lytic form of cell death known as pyroptosis and the release of inflammatory cytokines and DAMPs, thereby promoting inflammation. The noncanonical inflammasome-dependent innate sensing of cytosolic LPS plays important roles in bacterial infections and sepsis pathogenesis. Exciting studies in the recent past have significantly furthered our understanding of the biochemical and structural basis of the caspase-4/11 activation of GSDMD, caspase-4/11's substrate specificity, and the biological consequences of noncanonical inflammasome activation of GSDMD. This review will discuss these recent advances and highlight the remaining gaps in our understanding of the noncanonical inflammasome and pyroptosis.
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9
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Rotondo JC, Mazziotta C, Lanzillotti C, Stefani C, Badiale G, Campione G, Martini F, Tognon M. The Role of Purinergic P2X7 Receptor in Inflammation and Cancer: Novel Molecular Insights and Clinical Applications. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:1116. [PMID: 35267424 PMCID: PMC8909580 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The purinergic P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) is a transmembrane protein whose expression has been related to a variety of cellular processes, while its dysregulation has been linked to inflammation and cancer. P2X7R is expressed in cancer and immune system cell surfaces. ATP plays a key role in numerous metabolic processes due to its abundance in the tumour microenvironment. P2X7R plays an important role in cancer by interacting with ATP. The unusual property of P2X7R is that stimulation with low doses of ATP causes the opening of a permeable channel for sodium, potassium, and calcium ions, whereas sustained stimulation with high doses of ATP favours the formation of a non-selective pore. The latter effect induces a change in intracellular homeostasis that leads to cell death. This evidence suggests that P2X7R has both pro- and anti-tumour proprieties. P2X7R is increasingly recognised as a regulator of inflammation. In this review, we aimed to describe the most relevant characteristics of P2X7R function, activation, and its ligands, while also summarising the role of P2X7R activation in the context of inflammation and cancer. The currently used therapeutic approaches and clinical trials of P2X7R modulators are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Charles Rotondo
- Laboratories of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (J.C.R.); (C.M.); (C.L.); (C.S.); (G.B.); (G.C.); (F.M.)
- Centre for Studies on Gender Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Chiara Mazziotta
- Laboratories of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (J.C.R.); (C.M.); (C.L.); (C.S.); (G.B.); (G.C.); (F.M.)
- Centre for Studies on Gender Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Carmen Lanzillotti
- Laboratories of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (J.C.R.); (C.M.); (C.L.); (C.S.); (G.B.); (G.C.); (F.M.)
- Centre for Studies on Gender Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Chiara Stefani
- Laboratories of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (J.C.R.); (C.M.); (C.L.); (C.S.); (G.B.); (G.C.); (F.M.)
| | - Giada Badiale
- Laboratories of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (J.C.R.); (C.M.); (C.L.); (C.S.); (G.B.); (G.C.); (F.M.)
| | - Giulia Campione
- Laboratories of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (J.C.R.); (C.M.); (C.L.); (C.S.); (G.B.); (G.C.); (F.M.)
| | - Fernanda Martini
- Laboratories of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (J.C.R.); (C.M.); (C.L.); (C.S.); (G.B.); (G.C.); (F.M.)
- Centre for Studies on Gender Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mauro Tognon
- Laboratories of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (J.C.R.); (C.M.); (C.L.); (C.S.); (G.B.); (G.C.); (F.M.)
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10
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Demyanets S, Stojkovic S, Huber K, Wojta J. The Paradigm Change of IL-33 in Vascular Biology. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413288. [PMID: 34948083 PMCID: PMC8707059 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we focus on the actual understanding of the role of IL-33 in vascular biology in the context of the historical development since the description of IL-33 as a member of IL-1 superfamily and the ligand for ST2 receptor in 2005. We summarize recent data on the biology, structure and signaling of this dual-function factor with both nuclear and extracellular cytokine properties. We describe cellular sources of IL-33, particularly within vascular wall, changes in its expression in different cardio-vascular conditions and mechanisms of IL-33 release. Additionally, we summarize the regulators of IL-33 expression as well as the effects of IL-33 itself in cells of the vasculature and in monocytes/macrophages in vitro combined with the consequences of IL-33 modulation in models of vascular diseases in vivo. Described in murine atherosclerosis models as well as in macrophages as an atheroprotective cytokine, extracellular IL-33 induces proinflammatory, prothrombotic and proangiogenic activation of human endothelial cells, which are processes known to be involved in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. We, therefore, discuss that IL-33 can possess both protective and harmful effects in experimental models of vascular pathologies depending on experimental conditions, type and dose of administration or method of modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svitlana Demyanets
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Stefan Stojkovic
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Kurt Huber
- 3rd Medical Department with Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Clinic Ottakring, 1160 Vienna, Austria;
- Medical School, Sigmund Freud University, 1020 Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Johann Wojta
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Core Facilities, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-1-40400-73500; Fax: +43-1-40400-73586
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11
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The role of pro-domains in human growth factors and cytokines. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:1963-1973. [PMID: 34495310 PMCID: PMC8589418 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Many growth factors and cytokines are produced as larger precursors, containing pro-domains, that require proteolytic processing to release the bioactive ligand. These pro-domains can be significantly larger than the mature domains and can play an active role in the regulation of the ligands. Mining the UniProt database, we identified almost one hundred human growth factors and cytokines with pro-domains. These are spread across several unrelated protein families and vary in both their size and composition. The precise role of each pro-domain varies significantly between the protein families. Typically they are critical for controlling bioactivity and protein localisation, and they facilitate diverse mechanisms of activation. Significant gaps in our understanding remain for pro-domain function — particularly their fate once the bioactive ligand has been released. Here we provide an overview of pro-domain roles in human growth factors and cytokines, their processing, regulation and activation, localisation as well as therapeutic potential.
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12
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Bujotzek A, Tiefenthaler G, Lariviere L, D'Andrea L, Marquez EA, Rudloff I, Cho SX, Deen NS, Richter W, Regenass-Lechner F, Poehler A, Whisstock JC, Sydow-Andersen J, Reiser X, Schuster S, Neubauer J, Hoepfl S, Richter K, Nold MF, Nold-Petry CA, Schumacher F, Ellisdon AM. Protein engineering of a stable and potent anti-inflammatory IL-37-Fc fusion with enhanced therapeutic potential. Cell Chem Biol 2021; 29:586-596.e4. [PMID: 34699747 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2021.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Harnessing the immunomodulatory activity of cytokines is a focus of therapies targeting inflammatory disease. The interleukin (IL)-1 superfamily contains pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory members that help orchestrate the immune response in adaptive and innate immunity. Of these molecules, IL-37 has robust anti-inflammatory activity across a range of disease models through inhibition of pro-inflammatory signaling cascades downstream of tumor necrosis factor, IL-1, and toll-like receptor pathways. We find that IL-37 is unstable with a poor pharmacokinetic and manufacturing profile. Here, we present the engineering of IL-37 from an unstable cytokine into an anti-inflammatory molecule with an excellent therapeutic likeness. We overcame these shortcomings through site-directed mutagenesis, the addition of a non-native disulfide bond, and the engineering of IL-37 as an Fc-fusion protein. Our results provide a platform for preclinical testing of IL-37 Fc-fusion proteins. The engineering approaches undertaken herein will apply to the conversion of similar potent yet short-acting cytokines into therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Bujotzek
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Georg Tiefenthaler
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Laurent Lariviere
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Laura D'Andrea
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Elsa A Marquez
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Ina Rudloff
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia; Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Steven X Cho
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia; Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Nadia S Deen
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia; Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Wolfgang Richter
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Alexander Poehler
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - James C Whisstock
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Jasmin Sydow-Andersen
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Xaver Reiser
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Schuster
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Jeannette Neubauer
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hoepfl
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Kirsten Richter
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marcel F Nold
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia; Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia; Monash Newborn, Monash Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Claudia A Nold-Petry
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia; Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Felix Schumacher
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, 4070 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Andrew M Ellisdon
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia.
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13
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Martin P, Goldstein JD, Mermoud L, Diaz-Barreiro A, Palmer G. IL-1 Family Antagonists in Mouse and Human Skin Inflammation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:652846. [PMID: 33796114 PMCID: PMC8009184 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.652846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-1 family cytokines initiate inflammatory responses, and shape innate and adaptive immunity. They play important roles in host defense, but excessive immune activation can also lead to the development of chronic inflammatory diseases. Dysregulated IL-1 family signaling is observed in a variety of skin disorders. In particular, IL-1 family cytokines have been linked to the pathogenesis of psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. The biological activity of pro-inflammatory IL-1 family agonists is controlled by the natural receptor antagonists IL-1Ra and IL-36Ra, as well as by the regulatory cytokines IL-37 and IL-38. These four anti-inflammatory IL-1 family members are constitutively and highly expressed at steady state in the epidermis, where keratinocytes are a major producing cell type. In this review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge concerning their regulatory roles in skin biology and inflammation and their therapeutic potential in human inflammatory skin diseases. We further highlight some common misunderstandings and less well-known observations, which persist in the field despite recent extensive interest for these cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praxedis Martin
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jérémie D. Goldstein
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Loïc Mermoud
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alejandro Diaz-Barreiro
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gaby Palmer
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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14
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Xia HS, Liu Y, Fu Y, Li M, Wu YQ. Biology of interleukin-38 and its role in chronic inflammatory diseases. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 95:107528. [PMID: 33725637 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-38 is the tenth member of the IL-1 cytokine family. IL-38 shares high similarity with IL-36Ra and IL-1Ra and can bind to their receptors, thus exerting an anti-inflammatory effect. Despite the lack of a signal peptide, IL-38 can be released from several cell types, but its maturation process remains obscure. The role of IL-38 in numerous inflammatory diseases, especially in autoimmune diseases, has been extensively studied. In this review, we discuss the characteristics, biological functions and pathways of IL-38, as well as its role in several chronic inflammatory diseases. Better understanding the role of IL-38 will pave the way for clinical treatments in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Song Xia
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yang Fu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yan-Qing Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China.
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15
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Halcrow PW, Geiger JD, Chen X. Overcoming Chemoresistance: Altering pH of Cellular Compartments by Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:627639. [PMID: 33634129 PMCID: PMC7900406 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.627639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to the anti-cancer effects of chemotherapeutic agents (chemoresistance) is a major issue for people living with cancer and their providers. A diverse set of cellular and inter-organellar signaling changes have been implicated in chemoresistance, but it is still unclear what processes lead to chemoresistance and effective strategies to overcome chemoresistance are lacking. The anti-malaria drugs, chloroquine (CQ) and its derivative hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) are being used for the treatment of various cancers and CQ and HCQ are used in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs to enhance their anti-cancer effects. The widely accepted anti-cancer effect of CQ and HCQ is their ability to inhibit autophagic flux. As diprotic weak bases, CQ and HCQ preferentially accumulate in acidic organelles and neutralize their luminal pH. In addition, CQ and HCQ acidify the cytosolic and extracellular environments; processes implicated in tumorigenesis and cancer. Thus, the anti-cancer effects of CQ and HCQ extend beyond autophagy inhibition. The present review summarizes effects of CQ, HCQ and proton pump inhibitors on pH of various cellular compartments and discuss potential mechanisms underlying their pH-dependent anti-cancer effects. The mechanisms considered here include their ability to de-acidify lysosomes and inhibit autophagosome lysosome fusion, to de-acidify Golgi apparatus and secretory vesicles thus affecting secretion, and to acidify cytoplasm thus disturbing aerobic metabolism. Further, we review the ability of these agents to prevent chemotherapeutic drugs from accumulating in acidic organelles and altering their cytosolic concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xuesong Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, United States
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16
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Russo AJ, Vasudevan SO, Méndez-Huergo SP, Kumari P, Menoret A, Duduskar S, Wang C, Pérez Sáez JM, Fettis MM, Li C, Liu R, Wanchoo A, Chandiran K, Ruan J, Vanaja SK, Bauer M, Sponholz C, Hudalla GA, Vella AT, Zhou B, Deshmukh SD, Rabinovich GA, Rathinam VA. Intracellular immune sensing promotes inflammation via gasdermin D-driven release of a lectin alarmin. Nat Immunol 2021; 22:154-165. [PMID: 33398185 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-020-00844-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory caspase sensing of cytosolic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) triggers pyroptosis and the concurrent release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Collectively, DAMPs are key determinants that shape the aftermath of inflammatory cell death. However, the identity and function of the individual DAMPs released are poorly defined. Our proteomics study revealed that cytosolic LPS sensing triggered the release of galectin-1, a β-galactoside-binding lectin. Galectin-1 release is a common feature of inflammatory cell death, including necroptosis. In vivo studies using galectin-1-deficient mice, recombinant galectin-1 and galectin-1-neutralizing antibody showed that galectin-1 promotes inflammation and plays a detrimental role in LPS-induced lethality. Mechanistically, galectin-1 inhibition of CD45 (Ptprc) underlies its unfavorable role in endotoxin shock. Finally, we found increased galectin-1 in sera from human patients with sepsis. Overall, we uncovered galectin-1 as a bona fide DAMP released as a consequence of cytosolic LPS sensing, identifying a new outcome of inflammatory cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley J Russo
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Swathy O Vasudevan
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Santiago P Méndez-Huergo
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Puja Kumari
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Antoine Menoret
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA.,Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Shivalee Duduskar
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Chengliang Wang
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Juan M Pérez Sáez
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Margaret M Fettis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Chuan Li
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Renjie Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Arun Wanchoo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Karthik Chandiran
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Jianbin Ruan
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | | | - Michael Bauer
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.,Department for Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Christoph Sponholz
- Department for Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Gregory A Hudalla
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Anthony T Vella
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Beiyan Zhou
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Sachin D Deshmukh
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Vijay A Rathinam
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA.
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17
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Makris S, Johansson C. R848 or influenza virus can induce potent innate immune responses in the lungs of neonatal mice. Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:267-276. [PMID: 32576926 PMCID: PMC7116567 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-020-0314-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Innate immune responses are important to protect the neonatal lung, which becomes exposed to commensal and pathogenic microorganisms immediately after birth, at a time when both the lung and the adaptive immune system are still developing. How immune cells in the neonatal lung respond to innate immune stimuli, including toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists, or viruses, is currently unclear. To address this, adult and neonatal mice were intranasally administered with various innate immune stimuli, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) or influenza virus and cytokine and chemokine levels were quantified. The neonatal lungs responded weakly to RSV and most stimuli but more strongly than adult mice to R848 and influenza virus, both of which activate TLR7 and the inflammasome. Notably, neonatal lungs also contained higher levels of cAMP, a secondary messenger produced following adenosine receptor signaling, than adult lungs and increased responsiveness to R848 was observed in adult mice when adenosine was coadministered. Our data suggest that the neonatal lung may respond preferentially to stimuli that coactivate TLR7 and the inflammasome and that these responses may be amplified by extracellular adenosine. Improved understanding of regulation of immune responses in the neonatal lung can inform the development of vaccine adjuvants for the young.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyridon Makris
- Correspondence: Cecilia Johansson (), Tel.: +44 207 594 2531
| | - Cecilia Johansson
- Section of Respiratory Infections, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK
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18
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Zhang Y, Yu S, Xie R, Li J, Leier A, Marquez-Lago TT, Akutsu T, Smith AI, Ge Z, Wang J, Lithgow T, Song J. PeNGaRoo, a combined gradient boosting and ensemble learning framework for predicting non-classical secreted proteins. Bioinformatics 2020; 36:704-712. [PMID: 31393553 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btz629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Gram-positive bacteria have developed secretion systems to transport proteins across their cell wall, a process that plays an important role during host infection. These secretion mechanisms have also been harnessed for therapeutic purposes in many biotechnology applications. Accordingly, the identification of features that select a protein for efficient secretion from these microorganisms has become an important task. Among all the secreted proteins, 'non-classical' secreted proteins are difficult to identify as they lack discernable signal peptide sequences and can make use of diverse secretion pathways. Currently, several computational methods have been developed to facilitate the discovery of such non-classical secreted proteins; however, the existing methods are based on either simulated or limited experimental datasets. In addition, they often employ basic features to train the models in a simple and coarse-grained manner. The availability of more experimentally validated datasets, advanced feature engineering techniques and novel machine learning approaches creates new opportunities for the development of improved predictors of 'non-classical' secreted proteins from sequence data. RESULTS In this work, we first constructed a high-quality dataset of experimentally verified 'non-classical' secreted proteins, which we then used to create benchmark datasets. Using these benchmark datasets, we comprehensively analyzed a wide range of features and assessed their individual performance. Subsequently, we developed a two-layer Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM) ensemble model that integrates several single feature-based models into an overall prediction framework. At this stage, LightGBM, a gradient boosting machine, was used as a machine learning approach and the necessary parameter optimization was performed by a particle swarm optimization strategy. All single feature-based LightGBM models were then integrated into a unified ensemble model to further improve the predictive performance. Consequently, the final ensemble model achieved a superior performance with an accuracy of 0.900, an F-value of 0.903, Matthew's correlation coefficient of 0.803 and an area under the curve value of 0.963, and outperforming previous state-of-the-art predictors on the independent test. Based on our proposed optimal ensemble model, we further developed an accessible online predictor, PeNGaRoo, to serve users' demands. We believe this online web server, together with our proposed methodology, will expedite the discovery of non-classically secreted effector proteins in Gram-positive bacteria and further inspire the development of next-generation predictors. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION http://pengaroo.erc.monash.edu/. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanju Zhang
- Bioinformatics Group, School of Computer Science and Information Security, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Sha Yu
- Bioinformatics Group, School of Computer Science and Information Security, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China.,Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Ruopeng Xie
- Bioinformatics Group, School of Computer Science and Information Security, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China.,Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Jiahui Li
- Bioinformatics Group, School of Computer Science and Information Security, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China.,Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - André Leier
- Department of Genetics, AL, USA.,Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Tatiana T Marquez-Lago
- Department of Genetics, AL, USA.,Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Tatsuya Akutsu
- Bioinformatics Center, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - A Ian Smith
- Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VIC 3800, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Zongyuan Ge
- Monash e-Research Centre and Faculty of Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Trevor Lithgow
- Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Jiangning Song
- Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VIC 3800, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, VIC 3800, Australia
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19
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Chen X, Geiger JD. Janus sword actions of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine against COVID-19. Cell Signal 2020; 73:109706. [PMID: 32629149 PMCID: PMC7333634 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chloroquine (CQ) and its analogue hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) have been thrust into our everyday vernacular because some believe, based on very limited basic and clinical data, that they might be helpful in preventing and/or lessening the severity of the pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, lacking is a temperance in enthusiasm for their possible use as well as sufficient perspective on their effects and side-effects. CQ and HCQ have well-known properties of being diprotic weak bases that preferentially accumulate in acidic organelles (endolysosomes and Golgi apparatus) and neutralize luminal pH of acidic organelles. These primary actions of CQ and HCQ are responsible for their anti-malarial effects; malaria parasites rely on acidic digestive vacuoles for survival. Similarly, de-acidification of endolysosomes and Golgi by CQ and HCQ may block severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) integration into host cells because SARS-CoV-2 may require an acidic environment for its entry and for its ability to bud and infect bystander cells. Further, de-acidification of endolysosomes and Golgi may underly the immunosuppressive effects of these two drugs. However, modern cell biology studies have shown clearly that de-acidification results in profound changes in the structure, function and cellular positioning of endolysosomes and Golgi, in signaling between these organelles and other subcellular organelles, and in fundamental cellular functions. Thus, studying the possible therapeutic effects of CQ and HCQ against COVID-19 must occur concurrent with studies of the extent to which these drugs affect organellar and cell biology. When comprehensively examined, a better understanding of the Janus sword actions of these and other drugs might yield better decisions and better outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuesong Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States of America.
| | - Jonathan D Geiger
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States of America
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20
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Relja B, Land WG. Damage-associated molecular patterns in trauma. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 2020; 46:751-775. [PMID: 31612270 PMCID: PMC7427761 DOI: 10.1007/s00068-019-01235-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In 1994, the "danger model" argued that adaptive immune responses are driven rather by molecules released upon tissue damage than by the recognition of "strange" molecules. Thus, an alternative to the "self versus non-self recognition model" has been provided. The model, which suggests that the immune system discriminates dangerous from safe molecules, has established the basis for the future designation of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), a term that was coined by Walter G. Land, Seong, and Matzinger. The pathological importance of DAMPs is barely somewhere else evident as in the posttraumatic or post-surgical inflammation and regeneration. Since DAMPs have been identified to trigger specific immune responses and inflammation, which is not necessarily detrimental but also regenerative, it still remains difficult to describe their "friend or foe" role in the posttraumatic immunogenicity and healing process. DAMPs can be used as biomarkers to indicate and/or to monitor a disease or injury severity, but they also may serve as clinically applicable parameters for optimized indication of the timing for, i.e., secondary surgeries. While experimental studies allow the detection of these biomarkers on different levels including cellular, tissue, and circulatory milieu, this is not always easily transferable to the human situation. Thus, in this review, we focus on the recent literature dealing with the pathophysiological importance of DAMPs after traumatic injury. Since dysregulated inflammation in traumatized patients always implies disturbed resolution of inflammation, so-called model of suppressing/inhibiting inducible DAMPs (SAMPs) will be very briefly introduced. Thus, an update on this topic in the field of trauma will be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borna Relja
- Experimental Radiology, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Walter Gottlieb Land
- Molecular ImmunoRheumatology, INSERM UMR_S1109, Laboratory of Excellence Transplantex, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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21
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Sung SSJ, Fu SM. A novel immunofluorescence detection method for renal cell-type specific in situ cytokine production by confocal microscopy. MethodsX 2020; 7:100935. [PMID: 32577408 PMCID: PMC7303990 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2020.100935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The detection of cytokines production in tissues is subjected to significant limitations: (1) Cytokine protein production frequently does not correlate with mRNA levels. (2) Cytokines are secreted rapidly and dissipate from the cellular source, thus making detection difficult. (3) The synthetic rate of many cytokines are low. (4) Tissue fixation ablates antigenic sites and diminishes detection signals. The identification of the cellular sources of cytokines poses an additional challenge because of the lack of suitable and readily available cellular markers. In our renal cytokine production studies in lupus nephritis, we have established methods to resolve problems associated with the identification of cellular sources of pertinent cytokines in the glomerulus and interstitium. Four-color confocal microscopy was used to colocalize cell-type specific markers with cytokines. The cytokine signal was amplified by the incubation of tissue slices in medium containing pan-specific stimulants plus secretion blockers. Tissue fixation was optimized to provide sharp crisp signals. Commercially available Ab suitable for fluorochrome labeling were used to establish cell-specific markers in the tubules and glomeruli. This combination of optimizations allowed us to define the cellular sources of important glomerular cytokines including TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β which appear to form a cytokine circuit in glomerulonephritis pathogenesis. ● Tissue stimulation and secretion blocking for cytokine detection ● Fixation optimization and Ab source identification for direct staining ● Colocalization of cytokines and renal cell-type specific markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Sang J Sung
- Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine
| | - Shu Man Fu
- Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908
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22
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Sitia R, Rubartelli A. Evolution, role in inflammation, and redox control of leaderless secretory proteins. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:7799-7811. [PMID: 32332096 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev119.008907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the interleukin (IL)-1 family are key determinants of inflammation. Despite their role as intercellular mediators, most lack the leader peptide typically required for protein secretion. This lack is a characteristic of dozens of other proteins that are actively and selectively secreted from living cells independently of the classical endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi exocytic route. These proteins, termed leaderless secretory proteins (LLSPs), comprise proteins directly or indirectly involved in inflammation, including cytokines such as IL-1β and IL-18, growth factors such as fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), redox enzymes such as thioredoxin, and proteins most expressed in the brain, some of which participate in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. Despite much effort, motifs that promote LLSP secretion remain to be identified. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms and pathophysiological significance of the unconventional secretory pathways that cells use to release LLSPs. We place special emphasis on redox regulation and inflammation, with a focus on IL-1β, which is secreted after processing of its biologically inactive precursor pro-IL-1β in the cytosol. Although LLSP externalization remains poorly understood, some possible mechanisms have emerged. For example, a common feature of LLSP pathways is that they become more active in response to stress and that they involve several distinct excretion mechanisms, including direct plasma membrane translocation, lysosome exocytosis, exosome formation, membrane vesiculation, autophagy, and pyroptosis. Further investigations of unconventional secretory pathways for LLSP secretion may shed light on their evolution and could help advance therapeutic avenues for managing pathological conditions, such as diseases arising from inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Sitia
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, Protein Transport and Secretion Unit, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele/Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Rubartelli
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, Protein Transport and Secretion Unit, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele/Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy .,Cell Biology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
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23
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Inflammatory and antimicrobial properties differ between vaginal Lactobacillus isolates from South African women with non-optimal versus optimal microbiota. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6196. [PMID: 32277092 PMCID: PMC7148372 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62184-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Female genital tract (FGT) inflammation increases HIV infection susceptibility. Non-optimal cervicovaginal microbiota, characterized by depletion of Lactobacillus species and increased bacterial diversity, is associated with increased FGT cytokine production. Lactobacillus species may protect against HIV partly by reducing FGT inflammation. We isolated 80 lactobacilli from South African women with non-optimal (Nugent 4–10; n = 18) and optimal microbiota (Nugent 0–3; n = 14). Cytokine production by vaginal epithelial cells in response to lactobacilli in the presence and absence of Gardnerella vaginalis was measured using Luminex. Adhesion to vaginal epithelial cells, pH, D/L-lactate production and lactate dehydrogenase relative abundance were assessed. Lactobacilli from women with non-optimal produced less lactic acid and induced greater inflammatory cytokine production than those from women with optimal microbiota, with IL-6, IL-8, IL-1α, IL-1β and MIP-1α/β production significantly elevated. Overall, lactobacilli suppressed IL-6 (adjusted p < 0.001) and IL-8 (adjusted p = 0.0170) responses to G. vaginalis. Cytokine responses to the lactobacilli were inversely associated with lactobacilli adhesion to epithelial cells and D-lactate dehydrogenase relative abundance. Thus, while cervicovaginal lactobacilli reduced the production of the majority of inflammatory cytokines in response to G. vaginalis, isolates from women with non-optimal microbiota were more inflammatory and produced less lactic acid than isolates from women with optimal microbiota.
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24
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Zhu L, Zang J, Liu B, Yu G, Hao L, Liu L, Zhong J. Oxidative stress-induced RAC autophagy can improve the HUVEC functions by releasing exosomes. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:7392-7409. [PMID: 32096219 PMCID: PMC7496456 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Retinal neovascularization (RNV) is a common pathological feature in many kinds of fundus oculi diseases. Sometimes RNV can even lead to severe vision loss. Oxidative injury is one of the main predisposing factors for RNV occurrence and development. The specific mechanism may be closely related to the special structural tissues of the retina. Retinal astrocytes (RACs) are mesenchymal cells located in the retinal neuroepithelial layer. RACs have an intimate anatomical relationship with microvascular endothelial cells. They have a variety of functions, but little is known about the mechanisms by which RACs regulate the function of endothelial cells. The molecules secreted by RACs, such as exosomes, have recently received a lot of attention and may provide potential clues to address the RAC‐mediated modulation of endothelial cells. In this study, we aimed to preliminarily explore the mechanisms of how RAC exosomes generated under oxidative stress are involved in the regulation of endothelial function. Our results showed that the apoptosis and autophagy levels in RACs were positively correlated with the oxidative stress level, and the exosomes generated from RACs under normal and oxidative stress conditions had different effects on the proliferation and migration of endothelial cells. However, the effect of RACs on endothelial cell function could be markedly reversed by the autophagy inhibitor 3‐methyladenine or the exosome inhibitor GW4869. Therefore, oxidative stress can lead to increased autophagy in RACs and can further promote RACs to regulate endothelial cell function by releasing exosomes. tBHP‐induced oxidative stress can increase the level of autophagy in retinal (RAC) astrocytes. RAC with high‐autophagy level has a completely opposite effect on HUVEC functions when compared with normal RAC. RACs under different states have different effects on endothelial cell functions by releasing exosomes
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Affiliation(s)
- Linxin Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiankun Zang
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guocheng Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lili Hao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lian Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingxiang Zhong
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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25
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Hewitt SL, Bai A, Bailey D, Ichikawa K, Zielinski J, Karp R, Apte A, Arnold K, Zacharek SJ, Iliou MS, Bhatt K, Garnaas M, Musenge F, Davis A, Khatwani N, Su SV, MacLean G, Farlow SJ, Burke K, Frederick JP. Durable anticancer immunity from intratumoral administration of IL-23, IL-36γ, and OX40L mRNAs. Sci Transl Med 2020; 11:11/477/eaat9143. [PMID: 30700577 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aat9143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Many solid cancers contain dysfunctional immune microenvironments. Immune system modulators that initiate responses to foreign pathogens could be promising candidates for reigniting productive responses toward tumors. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) and IL-12 cytokine family members cooperate at barrier tissues after microbial invasion, in human inflammatory diseases, and in antitumoral immunity. IL-36γ, in classic alarmin fashion, acts in damaged tissues, whereas IL-23 centrally coordinates immune responses to danger signals. In this study, direct intratumoral delivery of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) encoding these cytokines produced robust anticancer responses in a broad range of tumor microenvironments. The addition of mRNA encoding the T cell costimulator OX40L increased complete response rates in treated and untreated distal tumors compared to the cytokine mRNAs alone. Mice exhibiting complete responses were subsequently protected from tumor rechallenge. Treatments with these mRNA mixtures induced downstream cytokine and chemokine expression, and also activated multiple dendritic cell (DC) and T cell types. Consistent with this, efficacy was dependent on Batf3-dependent cross-presenting DCs and cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. IL-23/IL-36γ/OX40L triplet mRNA mixture triggered substantial immune cell recruitment into tumors, enabling effective tumor destruction irrespective of previous tumoral immune infiltrates. Last, combining triplet mRNA with checkpoint blockade led to efficacy in models otherwise resistant to systemic immune checkpoint inhibition. Human cell studies showed similar cytokine responses to the individual components of this mRNA mixture, suggesting translatability of immunomodulatory activity to human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ailin Bai
- Moderna Inc., 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Dyane Bailey
- Moderna Inc., 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kana Ichikawa
- Moderna Inc., 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - John Zielinski
- Moderna Inc., 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Russell Karp
- Moderna Inc., 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ameya Apte
- Moderna Inc., 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kristen Arnold
- Moderna Inc., 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sima J Zacharek
- Moderna Inc., 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Maria S Iliou
- Moderna Inc., 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Khushbu Bhatt
- Moderna Inc., 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Maija Garnaas
- Moderna Inc., 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Faith Musenge
- Moderna Inc., 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ashley Davis
- Moderna Inc., 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Nikhil Khatwani
- Moderna Inc., 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Stephen V Su
- Moderna Inc., 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Graham MacLean
- Moderna Inc., 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Samuel J Farlow
- Moderna Inc., 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kristine Burke
- Moderna Inc., 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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26
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Vasin MV, Ushakov IB. Potential Ways to Increase Body Resistance to Damaging Action of Ionizing Radiation with Radiomitigators. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s2079086419060082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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27
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Rex DAB, Agarwal N, Prasad TSK, Kandasamy RK, Subbannayya Y, Pinto SM. A comprehensive pathway map of IL-18-mediated signalling. J Cell Commun Signal 2019; 14:257-266. [PMID: 31863285 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-019-00544-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is a member of the IL-1 family of cytokines and was initially described as an IFN-γ-inducing factor derived from anti-CD3-stimulated T-helper (Th)1 cells. IL-18 plays a significant role in the activation of hematopoietic cell types mediating both Th1 and Th2 responses and is the primary inducer of interferon-γ in these cells. The biological activity of IL-18 is mediated through its binding to the IL-18 receptor complex and activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), culminating in the production and release of several cytokines, chemokines, and cellular adhesion molecules. In certain cell types, IL-18 also activates mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase/ AKT serine/threonine kinase (PI3K/AKT) signaling modules leading to the production and release of proinflammatory cytokines. IL-18-mediated signaling acts as one of the vital components of the immunomodulatory cytokine networks involved in host defense, inflammation, and tissue regeneration. Albeit its biomedical importance, a comprehensive resource of IL-18 mediated signaling pathway is currently lacking. In this study, we report on the development of an integrated pathway map of IL-18/IL-18R signaling. The pathway map was developed through literature mining from published literature based on manual curation guidelines adapted from NetPath and includes information on 16 protein-protein interaction events, 38 enzyme-catalysis events, 12 protein translocation events, 26 activations/inhibition events, transcriptional regulators, 230 gene regulation events and 84 induced protein expression events. The IL-18 signaling pathway can be freely accessed through the WikiPathways database (https://www.wikipathways.org/index.php/Pathway:WP4754).
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Affiliation(s)
- D A B Rex
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Nupur Agarwal
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - T S Keshava Prasad
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Richard K Kandasamy
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), and Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Yashwanth Subbannayya
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India. .,Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), and Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Sneha M Pinto
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India. .,Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), and Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway.
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28
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Talabot-Ayer D, Mermoud L, Borowczyk J, Drukala J, Wolnicki M, Modarressi A, Boehncke WH, Brembilla N, Palmer G. Interleukin-38 interacts with destrin/actin-depolymerizing factor in human keratinocytes. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225782. [PMID: 31770407 PMCID: PMC6879167 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-38 is a member of the IL-1 family of cytokines, which was proposed to exert anti-inflammatory effects. IL-38 is constitutively expressed in the skin, where keratinocytes are the main producing cells. Little information is currently available concerning IL-38 biology. Here, we investigated the subcellular localization and interaction partners of the IL-38 protein in human keratinocytes. IL-38 expression was reduced in primary keratinocytes grown in monolayer (2D) cultures. We thus used IL-38 overexpressing immortalized normal human keratinocytes (NHK/38) to study this cytokine in cell monolayers. In parallel, differentiation of primary human keratinocytes in an in vitro reconstructed human epidermis (RHE) 3D model allowed us to restore endogenous IL-38 expression. In NHK/38 cells and in RHE, IL-38 was mainly cell-associated, rather than released into culture supernatants. Intracellular IL-38 was preferentially, although not exclusively, cytoplasmic. Similarly, in normal human skin sections, IL-38 was predominantly cytoplasmic in the epidermis and essentially excluded from keratinocyte nuclei. A yeast two-hybrid screen identified destrin/actin-depolymerizing factor (DSTN) as a potential IL-38-interacting molecule. Co-immunoprecipitation and proximity ligation assay confirmed this interaction. We further observed partial co-localization of IL-38 and DSTN in NHK/38 cells. Endogenous IL-38 and DSTN were also co-expressed in all epidermal layers in RHE and in normal human skin. Finally, IL-38 partially co-localized with F-actin in NHK/38 cells, in particular along the cortical actin network and in filopodia. In conclusion, IL-38 is found predominantly in the cytoplasm of human keratinocytes, where it interacts with DSTN. The functional relevance of this interaction remains to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Talabot-Ayer
- Department of Pathology-Immunology, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Loïc Mermoud
- Department of Pathology-Immunology, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Julia Borowczyk
- Department of Pathology-Immunology, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Justyna Drukala
- Cell Bank, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland
| | - Michal Wolnicki
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Ali Modarressi
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Wolf-Henning Boehncke
- Department of Pathology-Immunology, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicolo Brembilla
- Department of Pathology-Immunology, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gaby Palmer
- Department of Pathology-Immunology, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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29
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Farcas MT, Stefaniak AB, Knepp AK, Bowers L, Mandler WK, Kashon M, Jackson SR, Stueckle TA, Sisler JD, Friend SA, Qi C, Hammond DR, Thomas TA, Matheson J, Castranova V, Qian Y. Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and polycarbonate (PC) filaments three-dimensional (3-D) printer emissions-induced cell toxicity. Toxicol Lett 2019; 317:1-12. [PMID: 31562913 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
During extrusion of some polymers, fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3-D printers emit billions of particles per minute and numerous organic compounds. The scope of this study was to evaluate FFF 3-D printer emission-induced toxicity in human small airway epithelial cells (SAEC). Emissions were generated from a commercially available 3-D printer inside a chamber, while operating for 1.5 h with acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) or polycarbonate (PC) filaments, and collected in cell culture medium. Characterization of the culture medium revealed that repeat print runs with an identical filament yield various amounts of particles and organic compounds. Mean particle sizes in cell culture medium were 201 ± 18 nm and 202 ± 8 nm for PC and ABS, respectively. At 24 h post-exposure, both PC and ABS emissions induced a dose dependent significant cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, apoptosis, necrosis, and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in SAEC. Though the emissions may not completely represent all possible exposure scenarios, this study indicate that the FFF could induce toxicological effects. Further studies are needed to quantify the detected chemicals in the emissions and their corresponding toxicological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana T Farcas
- Pathology and Physiology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA; Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA.
| | - Aleksandr B Stefaniak
- Field Studies Branch, Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA.
| | - Alycia K Knepp
- Field Studies Branch, Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA.
| | - Lauren Bowers
- Field Studies Branch, Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA.
| | - William K Mandler
- Pathology and Physiology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA.
| | - Michael Kashon
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA.
| | - Stephen R Jackson
- Exposure Assessment Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA.
| | - Todd A Stueckle
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA.
| | - Jenifer D Sisler
- Pathology and Physiology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA.
| | - Sherri A Friend
- Pathology and Physiology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA.
| | - Chaolong Qi
- Engineering and Physical Hazards Branch, Division of Applied Research & Technology, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Duane R Hammond
- Engineering and Physical Hazards Branch, Division of Applied Research & Technology, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Treye A Thomas
- Office of Hazard Identification and Reduction, U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, Rockville, MD, USA.
| | - Joanna Matheson
- Office of Hazard Identification and Reduction, U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, Rockville, MD, USA.
| | - Vincent Castranova
- Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA.
| | - Yong Qian
- Pathology and Physiology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA.
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Chauhan AS, Kumar M, Chaudhary S, Dhiman A, Patidar A, Jakhar P, Jaswal P, Sharma K, Sheokand N, Malhotra H, Raje CI, Raje M. Trafficking of a multifunctional protein by endosomal microautophagy: linking two independent unconventional secretory pathways. FASEB J 2019; 33:5626-5640. [PMID: 30640524 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802102r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
During physiologic stresses, like micronutrient starvation, infection, and cancer, the cytosolic moonlighting protein glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is trafficked to the plasma membrane (PM) and extracellular milieu (ECM). Our work demonstrates that GAPDH mobilized to the PM, and the ECM does not utilize the classic endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi route of secretion; instead, it is first selectively translocated into early and late endosomes from the cytosol via microautophagy. GAPDH recruited to this common entry point is subsequently delivered into multivesicular bodies, leading to its membrane trafficking through secretion via exosomes and secretory lysosomes. We present evidence that both pathways of GAPDH membrane trafficking are up-regulated upon iron starvation, potentially by mobilization of intracellular calcium. These pathways also play a role in clearance of misfolded intracellular polypeptide aggregates. Our findings suggest that cells build in redundancy for vital cellular pathways to maintain micronutrient homeostasis and prevent buildup of toxic intracellular misfolded protein refuse.-Chauhan, A. S., Kumar, M., Chaudhary, S., Dhiman, A., Patidar, A., Jakhar, P., Jaswal, P., Sharma, K., Sheokand, N., Malhotra, H., Raje, C. I., Raje. M. Trafficking of a multifunctional protein by endosomal microautophagy: linking two independent unconventional secretory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoop Singh Chauhan
- Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Chandigarh, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Chandigarh, India
| | - Surbhi Chaudhary
- Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Chandigarh, India
| | - Asmita Dhiman
- Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Chandigarh, India
| | - Anil Patidar
- Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Chandigarh, India
| | - Priyanka Jakhar
- Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Chandigarh, India
| | - Pallavi Jaswal
- Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Chandigarh, India
| | - Kapil Sharma
- Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Chandigarh, India
| | - Navdeep Sheokand
- Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Chandigarh, India
| | - Himanshu Malhotra
- Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Manoj Raje
- Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Chandigarh, India
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31
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Jenei-Lanzl Z, Meurer A, Zaucke F. Interleukin-1β signaling in osteoarthritis - chondrocytes in focus. Cell Signal 2018; 53:212-223. [PMID: 30312659 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) can be regarded as a chronic, painful and degenerative disease that affects all tissues of a joint and one of the major endpoints being loss of articular cartilage. In most cases, OA is associated with a variable degree of synovial inflammation. A variety of different cell types including chondrocytes, synovial fibroblasts, adipocytes, osteoblasts and osteoclasts as well as stem and immune cells are involved in catabolic and inflammatory processes but also in attempts to counteract the cartilage loss. At the molecular level, these changes are regulated by a complex network of proteolytic enzymes, chemokines and cytokines (for review: [1]). Here, interleukin-1 signaling (IL-1) plays a central role and its effects on the different cell types involved in OA are discussed in this review with a special focus on the chondrocyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsa Jenei-Lanzl
- Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Research Unit for Osteoarthritis, Orthopaedic University Hospital Friedrichsheim, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Andrea Meurer
- Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Research Unit for Osteoarthritis, Orthopaedic University Hospital Friedrichsheim, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Frank Zaucke
- Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Research Unit for Osteoarthritis, Orthopaedic University Hospital Friedrichsheim, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
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Abstract
This review summarizes a short list of currently discussed trauma-induced danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMP). Due to the bivalent character and often pleiotropic effects of a DAMP, it is difficult to describe its "friend or foe" role in post-traumatic inflammation and regeneration, both systemically as well locally in tissues. DAMP can be used as biomarkers to indicate or monitor disease or injury severity, but also may serve as clinically applicable parameters for better indication and timing of surgery. Due to the inflammatory processes at the local tissue level or the systemic level, the precise role of DAMP is not always clear to define. While in vitro and experimental studies allow for the detection of these biomarkers at the different levels of an organism-cellular, tissue, circulation-this is not always easily transferable to the human setting. Increased knowledge exploring the dual role of DAMP after trauma, and concentrating on their nuclear functions, transcriptional targets, release mechanisms, cellular sources, multiple functions, their interactions and potential therapeutic targeting is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borna Relja
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Katharina Mörs
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ingo Marzi
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
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33
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Kiang JG, Smith JT, Hegge SR, Ossetrova NI. Circulating Cytokine/Chemokine Concentrations Respond to Ionizing Radiation Doses but not Radiation Dose Rates: Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor and Interleukin-18. Radiat Res 2018; 189:634-643. [PMID: 29652619 PMCID: PMC10166094 DOI: 10.1667/rr14966.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to ionizing radiation is a crucial life-threatening factor in nuclear and radiological incidents. It is known that ionizing radiation affects cytokine/chemokine concentrations in the blood of B6D2F1 mice. It is not clear whether radiation dose rates would vary the physiological response. Therefore, in this study we utilized data from two experiments using B6D2F1 female mice exposed to six different dose rates ranging from low to high rates. In one experiment, mice received a total dose of 8 Gy (LD0/30) of 60Co gamma radiation at four dose rates: 0.04, 0.15, 0.30 and 0.47 Gy/min. Blood samples from mice were collected at 24 and 48 h postirradiation for cytokine/chemokine measurements, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10, keratinocyte cytokine (KC), IL-12p70, IL-15, IL-17A, IL-18, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), granulocyte macrophage (GM)-CSF, macrophage (M)-CSF, monokine induced by gamma interferon (MIG), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-basic, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet-derived growth factor basic (PDGF-bb). At 24 h after ionizing irradiation at dose rate of 0.04 Gy/min, significant increases were observed only in G-CSF and M-CSF ( P < 0.05). At 0.15 Gy/min, IL-10, IL-17A, G-CSF and GM-CSF concentrations were increased. At 0.3 Gy/min, IL-15, IL-18, G-CSF, GM-CSF, M-CSF, MCP-1, MIP-2, MIG, FGF-basic, VEGF and PDGF-bb were significantly elevated ( P < 0.05). At 0.47 Gy/min, IL-6, KC, IL-10, MCP-1, G-CSF, GM-CSF and M-CSF were significantly increased. At 48 h postirradiation, all cytokines/chemokines except MCP-1 returned to or were below their baselines, suggesting these increases are transient at LD0/30 irradiation. Of note, there is a limitation on day 2 because cytokines/chemokines are either at or below their baselines. Other parameters such as fms-like tyrosine kinase receptor-3 ligand (Flt-3 ligand) concentrations and lymphocyte counts, which have proven to be unaffected by radiation dose rates, can be used instead for assessing the radiation dose. However, in a separate radiation dose and time-course experiment, increases in IL-18 and G-CSF depended on the radiation doses but showed no significant differences between 0.58 and 1.94 Gy/min ( P > 0.05) at 3 and 6 Gy but not 12 Gy. G-CSF continued to increase up to day 7, whereas IL-18 increased on day 4 and remained above baseline level on day 7. Therefore, time after irradiation at different doses should be taken into consideration. To our knowledge, these results are the first to suggest that ionizing radiation, even at a very low-dose-rate (0.04 Gy/min), induces circulating G-CSF increases but not others for selected time points; radiation-induced increases in IL-18 at radiation dose rates between 0.15 and 1.94 Gy/min are also not in a radiation dose-rate-dependent manner. C-CSF, lymphocyte counts and circulating Flt-3 ligand should be explored further as possible biomarkers of radiation exposure at early time points. IL-18 is also worthy of further study as a potential biomarker at later time points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliann G Kiang
- a Radiation Combined Injury Program, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.,d Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland.,e Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Joan T Smith
- a Radiation Combined Injury Program, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sara R Hegge
- b Veterinary Sciences Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Natalia I Ossetrova
- c Biodosimetry Program, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
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Sitia R, Rubartelli A. The unconventional secretion of IL-1β: Handling a dangerous weapon to optimize inflammatory responses. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 83:12-21. [PMID: 29571971 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin 1β (IL-1β) is a major mediator of inflammation, with a causative role in many diseases. Unlike most other cytokines, however, it lacks a secretory signal sequence, raising intriguing mechanistic, functional and evolutionary questions. Despite decades of strenuous efforts in many laboratories, how IL-1β is secreted is still a matter of intense debate. Here, we summarize the different mechanisms and pathways that have been proposed for IL-1β secretion. At least two of them, namely the endolysosomal vesicle-based and gasdermin D-dependent pathways (types III and I in the recent Rabouille's classification of unconventional protein secretion), can be triggered in monocytes, the main source of IL-1β in humans, according to the type and strength of the pro-inflammatory stimuli. As during the escalation of human conflicts, monocytes deploy secretory mechanisms of increasing efficiency and dangerousness, shifting from the specific and controlled type III pathway to the much faster release of type I. Thus, the different mechanisms are activated depending on the severity of the conditions, from the self-limiting type III pathways in response of low pathogen load or small trauma, to the uncontrolled responses that underlie autoinflammatory disorders and sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Sitia
- Protein Transport and Secretion Unit, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Rubartelli
- Cell Biology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
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Garraud T, Harel M, Boutet MA, Le Goff B, Blanchard F. The enigmatic role of IL-38 in inflammatory diseases. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2018; 39:26-35. [PMID: 29366546 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
IL-38 is the most recently discovered cytokine of the IL-1 family and is considered a potential inhibitor of the IL-1 and Toll-like receptor families. IL-38 exerts anti-inflammatory properties, especially on macrophages, by inhibiting secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, leading to reduced T-lymphocyte TH17 maturation. IL-38 has been studied most extensively in the context of chronic inflammatory diseases, particularly arthritis, where it is considered an attractive new drug candidate. IL-38 research has entered a new phase, with the realization that IL-38 is important in the pathophysiology of TH17 dependent-diseases (psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis). In this review, we provide a critical evaluation of several controversial issues concerning IL-38 function and regulation. There is effectively contrasting data regarding IL-38: it is produced in conditions such as apoptosis, necrosis or inflammation, but data is lacking regarding IL-38 processing and biological function. Furthermore, the receptor for IL-38 has yet to be identified, although three candidate receptors - IL-1R1, IL-36R and IL-1RAPL1-have been proposed. Future studies will hopefully uncover new aspects of this enigmatic cytokine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Garraud
- INSERM UMR1238, Nantes University, Nantes, France; Rheumatology Unit, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France.
| | | | | | - Benoit Le Goff
- INSERM UMR1238, Nantes University, Nantes, France; Rheumatology Unit, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France
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36
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Khazim K, Azulay EE, Kristal B, Cohen I. Interleukin 1 gene polymorphism and susceptibility to disease. Immunol Rev 2017; 281:40-56. [DOI: 10.1111/imr.12620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Khazim
- Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee; Bar Ilan University; Safed Israel
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension; Galilee Medical Center; Nahariya Israel
| | - Etti Ester Azulay
- Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee; Bar Ilan University; Safed Israel
- Research Institute; Galilee Medical Center; Nahariya Israel
| | - Batya Kristal
- Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee; Bar Ilan University; Safed Israel
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension; Galilee Medical Center; Nahariya Israel
| | - Idan Cohen
- Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee; Bar Ilan University; Safed Israel
- Research Institute; Galilee Medical Center; Nahariya Israel
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37
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Rider P, Voronov E, Dinarello CA, Apte RN, Cohen I. Alarmins: Feel the Stress. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:1395-1402. [PMID: 28167650 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade, danger-associated molecular pattern molecules, or alarmins, have been recognized as signaling mediators of sterile inflammatory responses after trauma and injury. In contrast with the accepted passive release models suggested by the "danger hypothesis," it was recently shown that alarmins can also directly sense and report damage by signaling to the environment when released from live cells undergoing physiological stress, even without loss of subcellular compartmentalization. In this article, we review the involvement of alarmins such as IL-1α, IL-33, IL-16, and high-mobility group box 1 in cellular and physiological stress, and suggest a novel activity of these molecules as central initiators of sterile inflammation in response to nonlethal stress, a function we denote "stressorins." We highlight the role of posttranslational modifications of stressorins as key regulators of their activity and propose that targeted inhibition of stressorins or their modifiers could serve as attractive new anti-inflammatory treatments for a broad range of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peleg Rider
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, 84105 Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Elena Voronov
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, 84105 Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | | | - Ron N Apte
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, 84105 Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Idan Cohen
- Faculty of Medicine, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya Hospital, 22100 Nahariya, Israel
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38
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Hodzic Z, Schill EM, Bolock AM, Good M. IL-33 and the intestine: The good, the bad, and the inflammatory. Cytokine 2017; 100:1-10. [PMID: 28687373 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is a member of the IL-1 cytokine family that has been widely studied since its discovery in 2005 for its dichotomous functions in homeostasis and inflammation. IL-33, along with its receptor suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2), has been shown to modulate both the innate and adaptive immune system. Originally, the IL-33/ST2 signaling axis was studied in the context of inducing type 2 immune responses with the expression of ST2 by T helper 2 (TH2) cells. However, the role of IL-33 is not limited to TH2 responses. Rather, IL-33 is a potent activator of TH1 cells, group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), regulatory T (Treg) cells, and CD8+ T cells. The intestine is uniquely important in this discussion, as the intestinal epithelium is distinctively positioned to interact with both pathogens and the immune cells housed in the mucosa. In the intestine, IL-33 is expressed by the pericryptal fibroblasts and its expression is increased particularly in disease states. Moreover, IL-33/ST2 signaling aberrancy is implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Accordingly, for this review, we will focus on the role of IL-33 in the regulation of intestinal immunity, involvement in intestinal disease, and implication in potential therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zerina Hodzic
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ellen Merrick Schill
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alexa M Bolock
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Misty Good
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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39
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Xiao M, Bolduc DL, Li X, Cui W, Hieber KP, Bünger R, Ossetrova NI. Urine Interleukin-18 (IL-18) as a Biomarker of Total-Body Irradiation: A Preliminary Study in Nonhuman Primates. Radiat Res 2017. [PMID: 28650775 DOI: 10.1667/rr14768.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
We have reported that circulating IL-18 can be used as a radiation biomarker in mice, minipigs and nonhuman primates (NHPs, Macaca mulatta). Here, we report the levels of IL-18 in individual NHP's urine before and at 6 h-7 days after 5.0, 6.5 and 8.5 Gy 60Co total-body irradiation (TBI) using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Six animals (3.5-5.5 kg, 3-4 years old) per radiation dose were investigated. Correlation values between urine IL-18 and blood cell counts and serum chemistry parameters including lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), lipase, and serum total protein (TP), as well as between urine IL-18 and 60-day survival, were analyzed. Our data, to the best of our knowledge, for the first time, demonstrate that concentrations of urine IL-18 from irradiated NHPs were increased in a radiation dose-dependent manner compared to pre-TBI levels in samples from these animal (N = 18, 11.02 ± 1.3 pg/ml). A 5.0 Gy low dose of radiation (∼LD10/60) did not increase urine IL-18 levels. In contrast, high-dose TBI significantly increased urine IL-18 at day 1 to day 5 in a bell-shaped time course, reaching a peak of 5- to 10-fold of control levels on day 3 after 6.5 Gy (∼LD50/60) and 8.5 Gy (∼LD90/60), respectively. Statistical analysis using receiver operator characteristic (ROC) and MultiROC analysis indicated that white blood cell and platelet counts, serum LDH, lipase and TP, when combined with urine IL-18, provide discriminatory predictors of total-body radiation injury with a very high ROC area of 0.98. Urine IL-18 measurement, as an early prognostic indicator of survival, may facilitate rapid detection of lethal doses of radiation, based on the currently available data set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mang Xiao
- a Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - David L Bolduc
- a Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - XiangHong Li
- a Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Wanchang Cui
- a Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kevin P Hieber
- a Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Natalia I Ossetrova
- a Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
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40
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Wang H, Li M, Liu J, Xu J, Han Q, Liu Q. Toxoplasma gondii Infection Induces High Mobility Group Box 1 Released from Mouse Macrophages. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:658. [PMID: 28484433 PMCID: PMC5402041 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is abundantly expressed in intracellular engaged DNA binding ability. However, more importantly, it is a weapon against infection through proinflammatory response and immune regulation while released to extracellular. Toxoplasma gondii causes inflammatory pathological changes including ileitis and encephalitis in chronic infection. To investigate whether HMGB1 contributes to the toxoplasmosis lesions, we examined HMGB1 changes during T. gondii infection. The results showed that HMGB1 transcription was down-regulated in the murine macrophage ANA1 cell line and mouse peritoneal macrophages (PMΦs) after T. gondii inoculation, but up-regulated in the IFN-γ treated macrophages and the intraperitoneal exudate cells from the T. gondii infected mice. The content of intracellular HMGB1 are basically consistent with the transcription levels in ANA1 assay, while there were no obvious changes in the mouse PMΦs. Both ANA1 and mouse PMΦs released HMGB1 after parasites infection, and no obvious HMGB1 aggregation in cytoplasm compare to the IFN-γ treatment group. Furthermore, we demonstrated that T. gondii invasion led to HMGB1 release, which was dependent on the Caspase 1 activity. These finding should promote to further investigate the functions of extracellular HMGB1 in the toxoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- National Animal Protozoa Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology, Chengdu Medical CollegeChengdu, China
| | - Muzi Li
- National Animal Protozoa Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Jing Liu
- National Animal Protozoa Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Jianhai Xu
- National Animal Protozoa Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Qian Han
- Laboratory of Tropical Veterinary Medicine and Vector Biology, Hainan Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Hainan UniversityHaikou, China
| | - Qun Liu
- National Animal Protozoa Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
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41
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Regular Voluntary Exercise Potentiates Interleukin-1 β and Interleukin-18 Secretion by Increasing Caspase-1 Expression in Murine Macrophages. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:9290416. [PMID: 28133422 PMCID: PMC5241476 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9290416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Moderate-intensity regular exercise improves proinflammatory responses of lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) stimulated macrophages. However, intracellular events that mediate the beneficial effects of exercise were unclear. This study aimed to clarify the mechanism by which regular voluntary exercise (VE) improves proinflammatory cytokine production by macrophages challenged with LPS. Peritoneal macrophages from VE mice secreted considerably higher amounts of interleukin- (IL-) 1β and IL-18 than did cells from sedentary control (SC) mice in the presence and absence of LPS, although tumor necrosis factor-α and IL-10 secretion were comparable between both groups. The mRNA levels of these cytokines increased significantly in response to LPS; similar levels were noted in macrophages from both SC and VE mice. Moreover, LPS evoked similar levels of degradation of inhibitor of κB (IκB) α and phosphorylation of IκB kinase β, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and p38 in macrophages from SC and VE mice. These results indicate that the increased IL-1β and IL-18 secretion in VE mice are regulated posttranscriptionally. On the other hand, macrophages from VE mice showed higher amounts of caspase-1 protein than did cells from SC mice. These results suggest that regular VE potentiates IL-1β and IL-18 secretion in LPS-challenged macrophages by increasing caspase-1 levels.
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42
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Bou-Dargham MJ, Khamis ZI, Cognetta AB, Sang QXA. The Role of Interleukin-1 in Inflammatory and Malignant Human Skin Diseases and the Rationale for Targeting Interleukin-1 Alpha. Med Res Rev 2016; 37:180-216. [PMID: 27604144 DOI: 10.1002/med.21406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation plays a major role in the induction and progression of several skin diseases. Overexpression of the major epidermal proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL) 1 alpha (IL-1α) and 1 beta (IL-1β) is positively correlated with symptom exacerbation and disease progression in psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, neutrophilic dermatoses, skin phototoxicity, and skin cancer. IL-1β and the interleukin-1 receptor I (IL-1RI) have been used as a therapeutic target for some autoinflammatory skin diseases; yet, their system-wide effects limit their clinical usage. Based on the local effects of extracellular IL-1α and its precursor, pro-IL-1α, we hypothesize that this isoform is a promising drug target for the treatment and prevention of many skin diseases. This review provides an overview on IL-1α and IL-β functions, and their contribution to inflammatory and malignant skin diseases. We also discuss the current treatment regimens, and ongoing clinical trials, demonstrating the potential of targeting IL-1α, and not IL-1β, as a more effective strategy to prevent or treat the onset and progression of various skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayassa J Bou-Dargham
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306.,Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306
| | - Zahraa I Khamis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306.,Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Lebanese University, Faculty of Sciences, Hadath-Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Armand B Cognetta
- Dermatology Associates of Tallahassee and Division of Dermatology, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, 32308
| | - Qing-Xiang Amy Sang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306.,Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306
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43
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Abstract
Massive radiation-induced inflammatory factors released from injured cells may cause innate and acquired immune reactions that can further result in stress response signal activity-induced local and systemic damage. IL-1 family members IL-1β, IL-18, and IL-33 play key roles in inflammatory and immune responses and have been recognized to have significant influences on the pathogenesis of diseases. IL-1β, IL-18, and IL-33 share similarities of cytokine biology, but differences exist in signaling pathways. A key component of the inflammatory reaction is the inflammasome, which is a caspase-1-containing multiprotein oligomer. Pathological stimuli such as radiation can induce inflammasome and caspase-1 activation, and subsequently cause maturation (activation) of pro-forms of IL-1 and IL-18 upon caspase-1 cleavage. This caspase-1 dependent and IL-1 and IL-18 associated cell damage is defined as pyroptosis. Activated IL-1 and IL-18 as proinflammatory cytokines drive pathology at different immune and inflammatory disorders through Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling. While the mechanisms of IL-1β-induced pathophysiology of diseases have been well studied, IL-18 has received less attention. The author recently reported that gamma radiation highly increased IL-1β, IL-18 and IL-33 expression in mouse thymus, spleen and/or bone marrow cells; also circulating IL-18 can be used as a radiation biomarker to track radiation injury in mice, minipigs, and nonhuman primates. This mini-review focuses on the role of IL-18 in response to gamma radiation-induced injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mang Xiao
- *Radiation Countermeasures Program, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD
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44
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Russo HM, Rathkey J, Boyd-Tressler A, Katsnelson MA, Abbott DW, Dubyak GR. Active Caspase-1 Induces Plasma Membrane Pores That Precede Pyroptotic Lysis and Are Blocked by Lanthanides. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:1353-67. [PMID: 27385778 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Canonical inflammasome activation induces a caspase-1/gasdermin D (Gsdmd)-dependent lytic cell death called pyroptosis that promotes antimicrobial host defense but may contribute to sepsis. The nature of the caspase-1-dependent change in plasma membrane (PM) permeability during pyroptotic progression remains incompletely defined. We assayed propidium(2+) (Pro(2+)) influx kinetics during NLRP3 or Pyrin inflammasome activation in murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) as an indicator of this PM permeabilization. BMDMs were characterized by rapid Pro(2+) influx after initiation of NLRP3 or Pyrin inflammasomes by nigericin (NG) or Clostridium difficile toxin B (TcdB), respectively. No Pro(2+) uptake in response to NG or TcdB was observed in Casp1(-/-) or Asc(-/-) BMDMs. The cytoprotectant glycine profoundly suppressed NG and TcdB-induced lysis but not Pro(2+) influx. The absence of Gsdmd expression resulted in suppression of NG-stimulated Pro(2+) influx and pyroptotic lysis. Extracellular La(3+) and Gd(3+) rapidly and reversibly blocked the induced Pro(2+) influx and markedly delayed pyroptotic lysis without limiting upstream inflammasome assembly and caspase-1 activation. Thus, caspase-1-driven pyroptosis requires induction of initial prelytic pores in the PM that are dependent on Gsdmd expression. These PM pores also facilitated the efflux of cytosolic ATP and influx of extracellular Ca(2+) Although lanthanides and Gsdmd deletion both suppressed PM pore activity and pyroptotic lysis, robust IL-1β release was observed in lanthanide-treated BMDMs but not in Gsdmd-deficient cells. This suggests roles for Gsdmd in both passive IL-1β release secondary to pyroptotic lysis and in nonlytic/nonclassical IL-1β export.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana M Russo
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Joseph Rathkey
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Andrea Boyd-Tressler
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106; and
| | | | - Derek W Abbott
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - George R Dubyak
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106; Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106; and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
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45
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Andersen AN, Landsverk OJ, Simonsen A, Bogen B, Corthay A, Øynebråten I. Coupling of HIV-1 Antigen to the Selective Autophagy Receptor SQSTM1/p62 Promotes T-Cell-Mediated Immunity. Front Immunol 2016; 7:167. [PMID: 27242780 PMCID: PMC4861724 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccines aiming to promote T-cell-mediated immune responses have so far showed limited efficacy, and there is a need for novel strategies. Studies indicate that autophagy plays an inherent role in antigen processing and presentation for CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Here, we report a novel vaccine strategy based on fusion of antigen to the selective autophagy receptor sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1)/p62. We hypothesized that redirection of vaccine antigen from proteasomal degradation into the autophagy pathway would increase the generation of antigen-specific T cells. A hybrid vaccine construct was designed in which the antigen is fused to the C-terminus of p62, a signaling hub, and a receptor that naturally delivers ubiquitinated cargo for autophagic degradation. Fusion of the human immunodeficiency virus-1 antigen Gagp24 to p62 resulted in efficient antigen delivery into the autophagy pathway. Intradermal immunization of mice revealed that, in comparison to Gagp24 delivered alone, fusion to p62 enhanced the number of Gagp24-specific interferon-γ-producing T cells, including CD8+ T cells. The strategy may also have the potential to modulate the antigenic peptide repertoire. Because p62 and autophagy are highly conserved between species, we anticipate this strategy to be a candidate for the development of T-cell-based vaccines in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aram Nikolai Andersen
- Tumor Immunology Group, Department of Pathology, Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Immunology, Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole Jørgen Landsverk
- Centre for Immune Regulation, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; LIIPAT, Department of Pathology, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Simonsen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
| | - Bjarne Bogen
- Department of Immunology, Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Centre for Immune Regulation, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; K. G. Jebsen Centre for Influenza Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alexandre Corthay
- Tumor Immunology Group, Department of Pathology, Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway
| | - Inger Øynebråten
- Tumor Immunology Group, Department of Pathology, Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Immunology, Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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46
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Boyapati RK, Rossi AG, Satsangi J, Ho GT. Gut mucosal DAMPs in IBD: from mechanisms to therapeutic implications. Mucosal Immunol 2016; 9:567-82. [PMID: 26931062 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2016.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Endogenous damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are released during tissue damage and have increasingly recognized roles in the etiology of many human diseases. The inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), are immune-mediated conditions where high levels of DAMPs are observed. DAMPs such as calprotectin (S100A8/9) have an established clinical role as a biomarker in IBD. In this review, we use IBD as an archetypal common chronic inflammatory disease to focus on the conceptual and evidential importance of DAMPs in pathogenesis and why DAMPs represent an entirely new class of targets for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Boyapati
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK.,Gastrointestinal Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - A G Rossi
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - J Satsangi
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - G-T Ho
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK.,Gastrointestinal Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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47
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Ha CT, Li X, Fu D, Xiao M. Circulating IL-18 Binding Protein (IL-18BP) and IL-18 as Dual Biomarkers of Total-Body Irradiation in Mice. Radiat Res 2016; 185:375-83. [PMID: 27023262 DOI: 10.1667/rr14238.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported that circulating interleukin-18 (IL-18) can be used as a radiation biomarker in mice, minipigs and nonhuman primates. In this study, we further determined the serum levels of IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP), a natural endogenous antagonist of IL-18, in CD2F1 mice 1-13 days after total-body gamma irradiation (TBI) with different doses (5-10 Gy). We compared the changes in blood lymphocyte, neutrophil and platelet counts as well as the activation of the proapoptotic executioner caspase-3 and caspase-7, and the expression of the inflammatory factor cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) in spleen cells, with the changes of IL-18BP and IL-18 in mouse serum. We also evaluated the significance, sensitivity and specificity of alterations in radiation-induced IL-18BP. IL-18 increased from day 1-13 after TBI in a dose-dependent manner that was paralleled with an increase in IL-18 receptor alpha (IL-18Rα) in irradiated mouse spleen cells. IL-18BP rapidly increased (25-63 fold) in mouse serum on day 1 after different doses of TBI. However, it returned to baseline within 3 days after 5-7 Gy doses and within 7 days after 8 Gy dose, and was unaltered thereafter. In contrast, high doses of radiation (9 and 10 Gy) significantly sustained a higher level of IL-18BP in mouse serum and later induced a second phase of increase in IL-18BP on day 9-13 after irradiation, which coincided with the onset of animal mortality. Consistent with this observation, highly activated caspase-3 and -7 in 8-10 Gy irradiated mouse spleen cells exhibited reduced or no activity 24 h after 5 Gy, although radiation induced an inflammatory response, as shown by COX-2 expression in all irradiated cells. Our data suggest that the radiation-induced differential elevation of IL-18 and IL-18BP in animal serum is a dynamic and discriminative indicator of the severity of injury after exposure to ionizing radiation. These findings support the inclusion of the dual biomarkers IL-18BP and IL-18 in the development of a multifactorial strategy for radiation dose and injury assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cam T Ha
- Radiation Countermeasures Program, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - XiangHong Li
- Radiation Countermeasures Program, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Dadin Fu
- Radiation Countermeasures Program, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mang Xiao
- Radiation Countermeasures Program, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
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48
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Hristova M, Habibovic A, Veith C, Janssen-Heininger YMW, Dixon AE, Geiszt M, van der Vliet A. Airway epithelial dual oxidase 1 mediates allergen-induced IL-33 secretion and activation of type 2 immune responses. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 137:1545-1556.e11. [PMID: 26597162 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The IL-1 family member IL-33 plays a critical role in type 2 innate immune responses to allergens and is an important mediator of allergic asthma. The mechanisms by which allergens provoke epithelial IL-33 secretion are still poorly understood. OBJECTIVE Based on previous findings indicating involvement of the NADPH oxidase dual oxidase 1 (DUOX1) in epithelial wound responses, we explored the potential involvement of DUOX1 in allergen-induced IL-33 secretion and potential alterations in airways of asthmatic patients. METHODS Cultured human or murine airway epithelial cells or mice were subjected to acute challenge with Alternaria alternata or house dust mite, and secretion of IL-33 and activation of subsequent type 2 responses were determined. The role of DUOX1 was explored by using small interfering RNA approaches and DUOX1-deficient mice. Cultured nasal epithelial cells from healthy subjects or asthmatic patients were evaluated for DUOX1 expression and allergen-induced responses. RESULTS In vitro or in vivo allergen challenge resulted in rapid airway epithelial IL-33 secretion, which depended critically on DUOX1-mediated activation of epithelial epidermal growth factor receptor and the protease calpain-2 through a redox-dependent mechanism involving cysteine oxidation within epidermal growth factor receptor and the tyrosine kinase Src. Primary nasal epithelial cells from patients with allergic asthma were found to express increased DUOX1 and IL-33 levels and demonstrated enhanced IL-33 secretion in response to allergen challenge compared with values seen in nasal epithelial cells from nonasthmatic subjects. CONCLUSION Our findings implicate epithelial DUOX1 as a pivotal mediator of IL-33-dependent activation of innate airway type 2 immune responses to common airborne allergens and indicate that enhanced DUOX1 expression and IL-33 secretion might present important contributing features of allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Hristova
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vermont Lung Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vt
| | - Aida Habibovic
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vermont Lung Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vt
| | - Carmen Veith
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vermont Lung Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vt
| | | | - Anne E Dixon
- Department of Medicine, Vermont Lung Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vt
| | - Miklos Geiszt
- Department of Physiology and Lendület Peroxidase Enzyme Research Group, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Albert van der Vliet
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vermont Lung Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vt.
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49
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Gimblet C, Loesche MA, Carvalho L, Carvalho EM, Grice EA, Artis D, Scott P. IL-22 Protects against Tissue Damage during Cutaneous Leishmaniasis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134698. [PMID: 26285207 PMCID: PMC4540492 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a disease characterized by ulcerating skin lesions, the resolution of which requires an effective, but regulated, immune response that limits parasite growth without causing permanent tissue damage. While mechanisms that control the parasites have been well studied, the factors regulating immunopathologic responses are less well understood. IL-22, a member of the IL-10 family of cytokines, can contribute to wound healing, but in other instances promotes pathology. Here we investigated the role of IL-22 during leishmania infection, and found that IL-22 limits leishmania-induced pathology when a certain threshold of damage is induced by a high dose of parasites. Il22-/- mice developed more severe disease than wild-type mice, with significantly more pathology at the site of infection, and in some cases permanent loss of tissue. The increased inflammation was not due to an increased parasite burden, but rather was associated with the loss of a wound healing phenotype in keratinocytes. Taken together, these studies demonstrate that during cutaneous leishmaniasis, IL-22 can play a previously unappreciated role in controlling leishmania-induced immunopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciara Gimblet
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States of America
| | - Michael A. Loesche
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States of America
| | - Lucas Carvalho
- Serviço de Imunologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciências e Tecnologia—Doenças Tropicais, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Edgar M. Carvalho
- Serviço de Imunologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciências e Tecnologia—Doenças Tropicais, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth A. Grice
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States of America
| | - David Artis
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States of America
| | - Phillip Scott
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States of America
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50
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Varga G, Gattorno M, Foell D, Rubartelli A. Redox distress and genetic defects conspire in systemic autoinflammatory diseases. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2015; 11:670-80. [PMID: 26241183 DOI: 10.1038/nrrheum.2015.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is initiated by innate immune cell activation after contact with pathogens or tissue injury. An increasing number of observations have suggested that cellular stress, in the absence of infection or evident damage, can also induce inflammation. Thus, inflammation can be triggered by exogenous pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs)-so-called classic inflammation-or by endogenous stress resulting from tissue or cellular dysfunction. External triggers and cellular stress activate the same molecular pathways, possibly explaining why classic and stress-induced inflammation have similar clinical manifestations. In some systemic autoinflammatory diseases (SAIDs), inflammatory cells exhibit reduction-oxidation (redox) distress, having high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which promote proinflammatory cytokine production and contribute to the subversion of mechanisms that self-limit inflammation. Thus, SAIDs can be viewed as a paradigm of stress-related inflammation, being characterized by recurrent flares or chronic inflammation (with no recognizable external triggers) and by a failure to downmodulate this inflammation. Here, we review SAID pathophysiology, focusing on the major cytokines and DAMPs, and on the key roles of redox distress. New therapeutic opportunities to tackle SAIDs by blocking stress-induced pathways and control the response to stress in patients are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Varga
- Department of Paediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, University Children's Hospital Münster, Domagkstrasse 3, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Marco Gattorno
- Second Division of Paediatrics, G. Gaslini Institute, 16145 Genova, Italy
| | - Dirk Foell
- Department of Paediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, University Children's Hospital Münster, Domagkstrasse 3, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Anna Rubartelli
- Cell Biology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino-IST, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy
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