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Asgari F, Khodadoust M, Nikzamir A, Jahani-Sherafat S, Rezaei Tavirani M, Rostami-Nejad M. The role of tryptophan metabolism and tolerogenic dendritic cells in maintaining immune tolerance: Insights into celiac disease pathogenesis. Immun Inflamm Dis 2024; 12:e1354. [PMID: 39150219 PMCID: PMC11328117 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In mammals, amino acid metabolism has evolved to control immune responses. Tryptophan (Trp) is the rarest essential amino acid found in food and its metabolism has evolved to be a primary regulatory node in the control of immune responses. Celiac disease (CeD) is a developed immunological condition caused by gluten intolerance and is linked to chronic small intestine enteropathy in genetically predisposed individuals. Dendritic cells (DCs), serving as the bridge between innate and adaptive immunities, can influence immunological responses in CeD through phenotypic alterations. OBJECTIVE This review aims to highlight the connection between Trp metabolism and tolerogenic DCs, and the significance of this interaction in the pathogenesis of CeD. RESULTS It is been recognized that various DC subtypes contribute to the pathogenesis of CeD. Tolerogenic DCs, in particular, are instrumental in inducing immune tolerance, leading to T-reg differentiation that helps maintain intestinal immune tolerance against inflammatory responses in CeD patients and those with other autoimmune disorders. T-regs, a subset of T-cells, play a crucial role in maintaining intestinal immunological homeostasis by regulating the activities of other immune cells. Notably, Trp metabolism, essential for T-reg function, facilitates T-reg differentiation through microbiota-mediated degradation and the kynurenine pathway. CONCLUSION Therefore, alterations in Trp metabolism could potentially influence the immune response in CeD, affecting both the development of the disease and the persistence of symptoms despite adherence to a gluten-free diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Asgari
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Khodadoust
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abdolrahim Nikzamir
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Jahani-Sherafat
- Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Rostami-Nejad
- Celiac Disease and Gluten Related Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Smith CT, Wang Z, Lewis JS. Engineering antigen-presenting cells for immunotherapy of autoimmunity. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 210:115329. [PMID: 38729265 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are burdensome conditions that affect a significant fraction of the global population. The hallmark of autoimmune disease is a host's immune system being licensed to attack its tissues based on specific antigens. There are no cures for autoimmune diseases. The current clinical standard for treating autoimmune diseases is the administration of immunosuppressants, which weaken the immune system and reduce auto-inflammatory responses. However, people living with autoimmune diseases are subject to toxicity, fail to mount a sufficient immune response to protect against pathogens, and are more likely to develop infections. Therefore, there is a concerted effort to develop more effective means of targeting immunomodulatory therapies to antigen-presenting cells, which are involved in modulating the immune responses to specific antigens. In this review, we highlight approaches that are currently in development to target antigen-presenting cells and improve therapeutic outcomes in autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clinton T Smith
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Jamal S Lewis
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Pant T, Lin CW, Bedrat A, Jia S, Roethle MF, Truchan NA, Ciecko AE, Chen YG, Hessner MJ. Monocytes in type 1 diabetes families exhibit high cytolytic activity and subset abundances that correlate with clinical progression. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadn2136. [PMID: 38758799 PMCID: PMC11100571 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adn2136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Monocytes are immune regulators implicated in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D), an autoimmune disease that targets insulin-producing pancreatic β cells. We determined that monocytes of recent onset (RO) T1D patients and their healthy siblings express proinflammatory/cytolytic transcriptomes and hypersecrete cytokines in response to lipopolysaccharide exposure compared to unrelated healthy controls (uHCs). Flow cytometry measured elevated circulating abundances of intermediate monocytes and >2-fold more CD14+CD16+HLADR+KLRD1+PRF1+ NK-like monocytes among patients with ROT1D compared to uHC. The intermediate to nonclassical monocyte ratio among ROT1D patients correlated with the decline in functional β cell mass during the first 24 months after onset. Among sibling nonprogressors, temporal decreases were measured in the intermediate to nonclassical monocyte ratio and NK-like monocyte abundances; these changes coincided with increases in activated regulatory T cells. In contrast, these monocyte populations exhibited stability among T1D progressors. This study associates heightened monocyte proinflammatory/cytolytic activity with T1D susceptibility and progression and offers insight to the age-dependent decline in T1D susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Pant
- The Max McGee Research Center for Juvenile Diabetes, Children’s Research Institute of Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Chien-Wei Lin
- Division of Biostatistics, The Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Amina Bedrat
- The Max McGee Research Center for Juvenile Diabetes, Children’s Research Institute of Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Shuang Jia
- The Max McGee Research Center for Juvenile Diabetes, Children’s Research Institute of Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Mark F. Roethle
- The Max McGee Research Center for Juvenile Diabetes, Children’s Research Institute of Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Nathan A. Truchan
- The Max McGee Research Center for Juvenile Diabetes, Children’s Research Institute of Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Ashley E. Ciecko
- The Max McGee Research Center for Juvenile Diabetes, Children’s Research Institute of Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Yi-Guang Chen
- The Max McGee Research Center for Juvenile Diabetes, Children’s Research Institute of Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Martin J. Hessner
- The Max McGee Research Center for Juvenile Diabetes, Children’s Research Institute of Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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Alluri K, Srinivas B, Belmadani S, Matrougui K. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells contribute to vascular endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetes. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1222243. [PMID: 38094119 PMCID: PMC10716216 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1222243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease due to macro- and microvascular dysfunction. This study aimed to investigate the potential involvement of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) in T2D-related vascular dysfunction. Approach and results pDCs were isolated from db/db and control mice. It was found that pDCs from db/db mice impaired endothelial cell eNOS phosphorylation in response to ATP and decreased vascular endothelium-dependent relaxation compared to pDCs from control mice. Moreover, isolated CD4+ cells from control mice, when stimulated overnight with high glucose and lipids, and isolated pDCs from db/db mice, display elevated levels of ER stress, inflammation, and apoptosis markers. Flow cytometry revealed that pDC frequency was higher in db/db mice than in controls. In vivo, the reduction of pDCs using anti-PDCA-1 antibodies in male and female db/db mice for 4 weeks significantly improved vascular endothelial function and eNOS phosphorylation. Conclusion pDCs may contribute to vascular dysfunction in T2D by impairing endothelial cell function. Targeting pDCs with anti-PDCA-1 antibodies may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for improving vascular endothelial function in T2D patients. This study provides new insights into the pathogenesis of T2D-related vascular dysfunction and highlights the potential of immunomodulatory therapies for treating this complication. Further studies are warranted to explore the clinical potential of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - K. Matrougui
- Department of Physiological Sciences, EVMS, Norfolk, VA, United States
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Boopathi E, Den RB, Thangavel C. Innate Immune System in the Context of Radiation Therapy for Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3972. [PMID: 37568788 PMCID: PMC10417569 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy (RT) remains an integral component of modern oncology care, with most cancer patients receiving radiation as a part of their treatment plan. The main goal of ionizing RT is to control the local tumor burden by inducing DNA damage and apoptosis within the tumor cells. The advancement in RT, including intensity-modulated RT (IMRT), stereotactic body RT (SBRT), image-guided RT, and proton therapy, have increased the efficacy of RT, equipping clinicians with techniques to ensure precise and safe administration of radiation doses to tumor cells. In this review, we present the technological advancement in various types of RT methods and highlight their clinical utility and associated limitations. This review provides insights into how RT modulates innate immune signaling and the key players involved in modulating innate immune responses, which have not been well documented earlier. Apoptosis of cancer cells following RT triggers immune systems that contribute to the eradication of tumors through innate and adoptive immunity. The innate immune system consists of various cell types, including macrophages, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells, which serve as key mediators of innate immunity in response to RT. This review will concentrate on the significance of the innate myeloid and lymphoid lineages in anti-tumorigenic processes triggered by RT. Furthermore, we will explore essential strategies to enhance RT efficacy. This review can serve as a platform for researchers to comprehend the clinical application and limitations of various RT methods and provides insights into how RT modulates innate immune signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ettickan Boopathi
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Robert B. Den
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA;
| | - Chellappagounder Thangavel
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA;
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Scalisi G, Ricciuti D, Manni G. Endotoxin-Tolerance Mimicking to Study TLR in Promotion of Tolerogenic DCs and Tr1 Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2700:93-116. [PMID: 37603176 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3366-3_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are key regulators of immunogenic and tolerogenic immune responses. Both these immune responses require DCs respectively to activate effector T cells or to induce their anergy and T regulatory activity. Modifications of DCs in the laboratory and several pharmacological agents can enhance and stabilize their tolerogenic properties. Recent evidences demonstrate that activation of specific toll-like receptors (TLRs) can be involved in induction of DCs with tolerogenic properties able to initiate T regulatory cell responses.In the present chapter, we show a detail protocol to obtain in vitro regulatory conventional DCs (cDCs) in response to repeated exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a ligand of TLR4, by mimicking the mechanism of endotoxin tolerance. Subsequently, the protective effect of cDCs' conditionate with LPS will be describe in in vivo inflammatory model of endotoxemia. Finally, we illustrate the method to study the ability of LPS-conditionate cDCs to promote T regulatory cells in ex vivo system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Scalisi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Doriana Ricciuti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giorgia Manni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
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Melnik BC, Schmitz G. Milk Exosomal microRNAs: Postnatal Promoters of β Cell Proliferation but Potential Inducers of β Cell De-Differentiation in Adult Life. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911503. [PMID: 36232796 PMCID: PMC9569743 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic β cell expansion and functional maturation during the birth-to-weaning period is driven by epigenetic programs primarily triggered by growth factors, hormones, and nutrients provided by human milk. As shown recently, exosomes derived from various origins interact with β cells. This review elucidates the potential role of milk-derived exosomes (MEX) and their microRNAs (miRs) on pancreatic β cell programming during the postnatal period of lactation as well as during continuous cow milk exposure of adult humans to bovine MEX. Mechanistic evidence suggests that MEX miRs stimulate mTORC1/c-MYC-dependent postnatal β cell proliferation and glycolysis, but attenuate β cell differentiation, mitochondrial function, and insulin synthesis and secretion. MEX miR content is negatively affected by maternal obesity, gestational diabetes, psychological stress, caesarean delivery, and is completely absent in infant formula. Weaning-related disappearance of MEX miRs may be the critical event switching β cells from proliferation to TGF-β/AMPK-mediated cell differentiation, whereas continued exposure of adult humans to bovine MEX miRs via intake of pasteurized cow milk may reverse β cell differentiation, promoting β cell de-differentiation. Whereas MEX miR signaling supports postnatal β cell proliferation (diabetes prevention), persistent bovine MEX exposure after the lactation period may de-differentiate β cells back to the postnatal phenotype (diabetes induction).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodo C. Melnik
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-52-4198-8060
| | - Gerd Schmitz
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Regensburg, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
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Puricelli C, Boggio E, Gigliotti CL, Stoppa I, Sutti S, Rolla R, Dianzani U. Cutting-Edge Delivery Systems and Adjuvants in Tolerogenic Vaccines: A Review. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091782. [PMID: 36145531 PMCID: PMC9501480 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional therapies for immune-mediated diseases, including autoimmune disorders, transplant reactions, and allergies, have undergone a radical evolution in the last few decades; however, they are still not specific enough to avoid widespread immunosuppression. The idea that vaccine usage could be extended beyond its traditional immunogenic function by encompassing the ability of vaccines to induce antigen-specific tolerance may revolutionize preventive and therapeutic strategies in several clinical fields that deal with immune-mediated disorders. This approach has been supported by improved data relating to the several mechanisms involved in controlling unwanted immune responses and allowing peripheral tolerance. Given these premises, several approaches have been developed to induce peripheral tolerance against the antigens that are involved in the pathological immune response, including allergens, autoantigens, and alloantigens. Technological innovations, such as nucleic acid manipulation and the advent of micro- and nanoparticles, have further supported these novel preventive and therapeutic approaches. This review focuses on the main strategies used in the development of tolerogenic vaccines, including the technological issues used in their design and the role of “inverse adjuvants”. Even though most studies are still limited to the preclinical field, the enthusiasm generated by their results has prompted some initial clinical trials, and they show great promise for the future management of immune-mediated pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Roberta Rolla
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0321-3733583; Fax: +39-0321-3733987
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Wang K, Li L, Jin J, An Y, Wang Z, Zhou S, Zhang J, Abuduaini B, Cheng C, Li N. Fatty acid synthase (Fasn) inhibits the expression levels of immune response genes via alteration of alternative splicing in islet cells. J Diabetes Complications 2022; 36:108159. [PMID: 35210136 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2022.108159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence has shown that fatty acid synthase (Fasn) is associated with diabetes mellitus (DM) and insulin resistance, however, it remains unclear how Fasn upregulation leads to dysregulation of energy homeostasis in islet cells. Consequently, uncovering the function of Fasn in islet cells. Consequently, uncovering the function of FASN in islet cells is immensely important for finding a treatment target. AIM In this study, we elucidated the biological function of Fasn on the target genes in a rat insulinoma INS-1 cell line. METHODS We created a Fasn overexpressing rat insulinoma cell line (Fasn-OE), and performed bulk RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) experiments on Fasn-OE and INS-1 (control) cells. We first identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using Bioconductor package edgeR, and then discovered enriched gene ontology terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways using the KEGG Orthology Based Annotation System (KOBAS) 2.0 web server. Furthermore, we identified alternative splicing events (ASEs) and regulated alternative splicing events (RASEs) by applying the ABLas pipeline. The reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used for validation of selected differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and Fasn-regulated alternative splicing genes (RASGs). RESULTS In this study we found that Fasn overexpression led to significant changes of gene expression profiles, including downregulations of mRNA levels of immune related genes, including Bst2, Ddit3, Isg15, Mx2, Oas1a, Oasl, and RT1-S3 in INS-1 cell line. Furthermore, Fasn positively regulated the expression of transcription factors such as Fat1 and Ncl diabetes-related genes. Importantly, Fasn overexpression to result in alternative splicing events including in a metabolism-associated ATP binding protein mRNA Abcc5. In Gene Ontology analysis, the downregulated genes in Fasn-OE cells were mainly enriched in inflammatory response and innate immune response. In Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, the downregulated genes were mainly enriched in TNF signaling pathway and cytokine-mediated signaling pathways. CONCLUSIONS Our findings showed that upregulation of Fasn may play a critical role in islet cell immunmetabolism via modifications of immune/inflammatory related genes on transcription and alternative splicing level, which provide novel insights into characterizing the function of Fasn in islet cell immunity and for the development of chemo/immune therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunling Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, PR China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Molecular Biology, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, PR China
| | - Jing Jin
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, PR China
| | - Yanli An
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, PR China
| | - Zhongjuan Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, PR China
| | - Shiying Zhou
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, PR China
| | - Jiyuan Zhang
- The First Clinical Institute of Xinjiang Medical University
| | - Buzukela Abuduaini
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University.
| | - Chao Cheng
- ABLife BioBigData Institute, Wuhan, Hubei, 430075, China
| | - Ning Li
- ABLife BioBigData Institute, Wuhan, Hubei, 430075, China
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Yang F, Fan X, Liu Y, Shen Y, Zhao S, Zheng Y, Men R, Xie Y, Yang L. Long Noncoding RNA and Circular RNA Expression Profiles of Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells in Autoimmune Hepatitis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:792138. [PMID: 34938195 PMCID: PMC8685411 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.792138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic liver disease caused by disruption of liver immune homeostasis. The effect of dendritic cells (DCs) on the pathogenesis of AIH is not fully understood. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), and microRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to play critical roles in the regulation of cell function. In this study, we analyzed the immunophenotypic characteristics of DCs in the peripheral blood. The percentage of mature DCs was higher in AIH patients than in healthy controls (HCs), and the proportion of mature DCs decreased after treatment. We isolated monocyte-derived DCs (moDCs) from the peripheral blood, obtained whole RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) data for the moDCs from the two groups, and identified differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs, circRNAs, miRNAs and mRNAs. In addition, we performed Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses for the DE mRNAs and constructed competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks. ENST00000543334, hsa_circ_0000279, and hsa_circ_0005076 were selected and validated by RT-qPCR. These results provide a possible molecular mechanism of DCs in the pathogenesis of AIH and identify some potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoli Fan
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yifeng Liu
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Shen
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shenglan Zhao
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanyi Zheng
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruoting Men
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Xie
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Yang
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Greenbaum CJ, Serti E, Lambert K, Weiner LJ, Kanaparthi S, Lord S, Gitelman SE, Wilson DM, Gaglia JL, Griffin KJ, Russell WE, Raskin P, Moran A, Willi SM, Tsalikian E, DiMeglio LA, Herold KC, Moore WV, Goland R, Harris M, Craig ME, Schatz DA, Baidal DA, Rodriguez H, Utzschneider KM, Nel HJ, Soppe CL, Boyle KD, Cerosaletti K, Keyes-Elstein L, Long SA, Thomas R, McNamara JG, Buckner JH, Sanda S. IL-6 receptor blockade does not slow β cell loss in new-onset type 1 diabetes. JCI Insight 2021; 6:150074. [PMID: 34747368 PMCID: PMC8663550 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.150074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundIL-6 receptor (IL-6R) signaling drives development of T cell populations important to type 1 diabetes pathogenesis. We evaluated whether blockade of IL-6R with monoclonal antibody tocilizumab would slow loss of residual β cell function in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes patients.MethodsWe conducted a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial with tocilizumab in new-onset type 1 diabetes. Participants were screened within 100 days of diagnosis. Eligible participants were randomized 2:1 to receive 7 monthly doses of tocilizumab or placebo. The primary outcome was the change from screening in the mean AUC of C-peptide collected during the first 2 hours of a mixed meal tolerance test at week 52 in pediatric participants (ages 6-17 years).ResultsThere was no statistical difference in the primary outcome between tocilizumab and placebo. Immunophenotyping showed reductions in downstream signaling of the IL-6R in T cells but no changes in CD4 memory subsets, Th17 cells, Tregs, or CD4+ T effector cell resistance to Treg suppression. A DC subset decreased during therapy but regressed to baseline once therapy stopped. Tocilizumab was well tolerated.ConclusionTocilizumab reduced T cell IL-6R signaling but did not modulate CD4+ T cell phenotypes or slow loss of residual β cell function in newly diagnosed individuals with type 1 diabetes.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT02293837.FundingNIH National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) and National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) UM1AI109565, UL1TR000004 from NIH/National Center for Research Resources (NCRR) Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA), NIH/NIDDK P30DK036836, NIH/NIDDK U01DK103266, NIH/NIDDK U01DK103266, 1UL1TR000064 from NIH/NCRR CTSA, NIH/National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) UL1TR001878, UL1TR002537 from NIH/CTSA; National Health and Medical Research Council Practitioner Fellowship (APP1136735), NIH/NIDDK U01-DK085476, NIH/CTSA UL1-TR002494, Indiana Clinical and Translational Science Institute Award UL1TR002529, Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research UL1TR000445. NIH/NCATS UL1TR003142, NIH/CTSA program UL1-TR002494, Veteran Affairs Administration, and 1R01AI132774.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla J Greenbaum
- Center for Interventional Immunology and Diabetes Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Katharina Lambert
- Center for Interventional Immunology and Diabetes Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | | | - Sandra Lord
- Center for Interventional Immunology and Diabetes Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | | | - Jason L Gaglia
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Philip Raskin
- University of Texas, Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | | | - Steven M Willi
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Linda A DiMeglio
- Riley Children's Hospital, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | | | - Wayne V Moore
- University of Missouri, Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | | | - Mark Harris
- Children's Health Queensland Hospital, South Brisbane, Australia.,University of Queensland, Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Maria E Craig
- University of Sydney, Sydney New South Wales, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | - Hendrik J Nel
- University of Queensland, Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | | | - Karen Cerosaletti
- Center for Interventional Immunology and Diabetes Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - S Alice Long
- Center for Interventional Immunology and Diabetes Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ranjeny Thomas
- University of Queensland, Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - James G McNamara
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jane H Buckner
- Center for Interventional Immunology and Diabetes Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Srinath Sanda
- Immune Tolerance Network, Seattle, Washington, USA.,University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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12
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Effect of Age on Innate and Adaptive Immunity in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10204798. [PMID: 34682920 PMCID: PMC8538457 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10204798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
An effective but balanced cellular and inflammatory immune response may limit the severity of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), whereas uncontrolled inflammation leads to disease progression. Older age is associated with higher risk of COVID-19 and a worse outcome, but the underlying immunological mechanisms for this age-related difference are not clear. We investigated the impact of age on viral replication, inflammation, and innate and adaptive cellular immune responses in 205 hospitalized COVID-19 patients. During the early symptomatic phase of COVID-19, we found that patients above 65 years had significantly higher viral load, higher levels of proinflammatory markers, and inadequate mobilization and activation of monocytes, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, and CD8 T cells compared to those below 65 years. Our study points toward age-related deficiencies in the innate immune cellular response to SARS-CoV-2 as a potential cause of poorly controlled viral replication and inflammation during the early symptom phase and subsequent disease progression.
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13
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Bassin EJ, Piganelli JD, Little SR. Auto-antigen and Immunomodulatory Agent-Based Approaches for Antigen-Specific Tolerance in NOD Mice. Curr Diab Rep 2021; 21:9. [PMID: 33547977 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-021-01376-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Type 1 diabetes (T1D) can be managed by insulin replacement, but it is still associated with an increased risk of microvascular/cardiovascular complications. There is considerable interest in antigen-specific approaches for treating T1D due to their potential for a favorable risk-benefit ratio relative to non-specific immune-based treatments. Here we review recent antigen-specific tolerance approaches using auto-antigen and/or immunomodulatory agents in NOD mice and provide insight into seemingly contradictory findings. RECENT FINDINGS Although delivery of auto-antigen alone can prevent T1D in NOD mice, this approach may be prone to inconsistent results and has not demonstrated an ability to reverse established T1D. Conversely, several approaches that promote presentation of auto-antigen in a tolerogenic context through cell/tissue targeting, delivery system properties, or the delivery of immunomodulatory agents have had success in reversing recent-onset T1D in NOD mice. While initial auto-antigen based approaches were unable to substantially influence T1D progression clinically, recent antigen-specific approaches have promising potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan J Bassin
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Jon D Piganelli
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, 4401 Penn Avenue, 6125 Rangos Research Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA.
| | - Steven R Little
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O'Hara Street, 940 Benedum Hall, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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14
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Cifuentes-Rius A, Desai A, Yuen D, Johnston APR, Voelcker NH. Inducing immune tolerance with dendritic cell-targeting nanomedicines. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 16:37-46. [PMID: 33349685 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-020-00810-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Induced tolerogenic dendritic cells are a powerful immunotherapy for autoimmune disease that have shown promise in laboratory models of disease and early clinical trials. In contrast to conventional immunosuppressive treatments, tolerogenic immunotherapy leverages the cells and function of the immune system to quell the autoreactive lymphocytes responsible for damage and disease. The principle techniques of isolating and reprogramming dendritic cells (DCs), central to this approach, are well characterized. However, the broader application of this technology is limited by its high cost and bespoke nature. Nanomedicine offers an alternative route by performing this reprogramming process in situ. Here, we review the challenges and opportunities in using nanoparticles as a delivery mechanism to target DCs and induce immunomodulation, emphasizing their versatility. We then highlight their potential to solve critical problems in organ transplantation and increasingly prevalent autoimmune disorders such as type 1 diabetes mellitus and multiple sclerosis, where new immunotherapy approaches have begun to show promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Cifuentes-Rius
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville Campus, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Anal Desai
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville Campus, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel Yuen
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville Campus, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Angus P R Johnston
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville Campus, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicolas H Voelcker
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville Campus, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bayview Avenue, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
- Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
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15
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Hu Y, Chi L, Kuebler WM, Goldenberg NM. Perivascular Inflammation in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112338. [PMID: 33105588 PMCID: PMC7690279 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Perivascular inflammation is a prominent pathologic feature in most animal models of pulmonary hypertension (PH) as well as in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) patients. Accumulating evidence suggests a functional role of perivascular inflammation in the initiation and/or progression of PAH and pulmonary vascular remodeling. High levels of cytokines, chemokines, and inflammatory mediators can be detected in PAH patients and correlate with clinical outcome. Similarly, multiple immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, mast cells, T lymphocytes, and B lymphocytes characteristically accumulate around pulmonary vessels in PAH. Concomitantly, vascular and parenchymal cells including endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and fibroblasts change their phenotype, resulting in altered sensitivity to inflammatory triggers and their enhanced capacity to stage inflammatory responses themselves, as well as the active secretion of cytokines and chemokines. The growing recognition of the interaction between inflammatory cells, vascular cells, and inflammatory mediators may provide important clues for the development of novel, safe, and effective immunotargeted therapies in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Hu
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B1W8, Canada;
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Leon Chi
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B1W8, Canada;
| | - Wolfgang M. Kuebler
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B1W8, Canada;
- Departments of Physiology and Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B1W8, Canada
- Institute of Physiology, Charité Universitäts Medizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-30-450-528-501
| | - Neil M. Goldenberg
- Departments of Physiology and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B1W8, Canada;
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Program in Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5B1W8, Canada
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16
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Rodrigues KB, Dufort MJ, Llibre A, Speake C, Rahman MJ, Bondet V, Quiel J, Linsley PS, Greenbaum CJ, Duffy D, Tarbell KV. Innate immune stimulation of whole blood reveals IFN-1 hyper-responsiveness in type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia 2020; 63:1576-1587. [PMID: 32500289 PMCID: PMC10091865 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-020-05179-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Self-antigen-specific T cell responses drive type 1 diabetes pathogenesis, but alterations in innate immune responses are also critical and not as well understood. Innate immunity in human type 1 diabetes has primarily been assessed via gene-expression analysis of unstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells, without the immune activation that could amplify disease-associated signals. Increased responsiveness in each of the two main innate immune pathways, driven by either type 1 IFN (IFN-1) or IL-1, have been detected in type 1 diabetes, but the dominant innate pathway is still unclear. This study aimed to determine the key innate pathway in type 1 diabetes and assess the whole blood immune stimulation assay as a tool to investigate this. METHODS The TruCulture whole blood ex vivo stimulation assay, paired with gene expression and cytokine measurements, was used to characterise changes in the stimulated innate immune response in type 1 diabetes. We applied specific cytokine-induced signatures to our data, pre-defined from the same assays measured in a separate cohort of healthy individuals. In addition, NOD mice were stimulated with CpG and monocyte gene expression was measured. RESULTS Monocytes from NOD mice showed lower baseline vs diabetes-resistant B6.g7 mice, but higher induced IFN-1-associated gene expression. In human participants, ex vivo whole blood stimulation revealed higher induced IFN-1 responses in type 1 diabetes, as compared with healthy control participants. In contrast, neither the IL-1-induced gene signature nor response to the adaptive immune stimulant Staphylococcal enterotoxin B were significantly altered in type 1 diabetes samples vs healthy control participants. Targeted gene-expression analysis showed that this enhanced IFN response was specific to IFN-1, as IFN-γ-driven responses were not significantly different. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our study identifies increased responsiveness to IFN-1 as a feature of both the NOD mouse model of autoimmune diabetes and human established type 1 diabetes. A stimulated IFN-1 gene signature may be a potential biomarker for type 1 diabetes and used to evaluate the effects of therapies targeting this pathway. DATA AVAILABILITY Mouse gene expression data are found in the gene expression omnibus (GEO) repository, accession GSE146452 ( www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE146452 ). Nanostring count data from the human experiments were deposited in the GEO repository, accession GSE146338 ( www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE146338 ). Data files and R code for all analyses are available at https://github.com/rodriguesk/T1D_truculture_diabetologia . Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kameron B Rodrigues
- Immune Tolerance Section, Diabetes Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Pathology Department, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Matthew J Dufort
- Systems Immunology Division, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alba Llibre
- Immunobiology of Dendritic Cells/Inserm U1223, Département d'Immunologie, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue de Dr. Roux, 75724, Paris, France
| | - Cate Speake
- Diabetes Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - M Jubayer Rahman
- Immune Tolerance Section, Diabetes Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Vincent Bondet
- Immunobiology of Dendritic Cells/Inserm U1223, Département d'Immunologie, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue de Dr. Roux, 75724, Paris, France
| | - Juan Quiel
- Immune Tolerance Section, Diabetes Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Peter S Linsley
- Systems Immunology Division, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Carla J Greenbaum
- Diabetes Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Darragh Duffy
- Immunobiology of Dendritic Cells/Inserm U1223, Département d'Immunologie, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue de Dr. Roux, 75724, Paris, France.
| | - Kristin V Tarbell
- Immune Tolerance Section, Diabetes Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA.
- Amgen Discovery Research, 1120 Veterans Blvd, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.
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17
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Cauwels A, Tavernier J. Tolerizing Strategies for the Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases: From ex vivo to in vivo Strategies. Front Immunol 2020; 11:674. [PMID: 32477325 PMCID: PMC7241419 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS), type I diabetes (T1D), inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are chronic, incurable, incapacitating and at times even lethal conditions. Worldwide, millions of people are affected, predominantly women, and their number is steadily increasing. Currently, autoimmune patients require lifelong immunosuppressive therapy, often accompanied by severe adverse side effects and risks. Targeting the fundamental cause of autoimmunity, which is the loss of tolerance to self- or innocuous antigens, may be achieved via various mechanisms. Recently, tolerance-inducing cellular therapies, such as tolerogenic dendritic cells (tolDCs) and regulatory T cells (Tregs), have gained considerable interest. Their safety has already been evaluated in patients with MS, arthritis, T1D, and Crohn’s disease, and clinical trials are underway to confirm their safety and therapeutic potential. Cell-based therapies are inevitably expensive and time-consuming, requiring laborious ex vivo manufacturing. Therefore, direct in vivo targeting of tolerogenic cell types offers an attractive alternative, and several strategies are being explored. Type I IFN was the first disease-modifying therapy approved for MS patients, and approaches to endogenously induce IFN in autoimmune diseases are being pursued vigorously. We here review and discuss tolerogenic cellular therapies and targeted in vivo tolerance approaches and propose a novel strategy for cell-specific delivery of type I IFN signaling to a cell type of choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anje Cauwels
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Tavernier
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Orionis Biosciences, Ghent, Belgium
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18
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Lee SJ, Park HJ, Ko HL, Lee JE, Lee HJ, Kim H, Nam JH. Evaluation of glycoprotein E subunit and live attenuated varicella-zoster virus vaccines formulated with a single-strand RNA-based adjuvant. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2020; 8:216-227. [PMID: 32167678 PMCID: PMC7212201 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Varicella‐zoster virus (VZV), a human alphaherpesvirus 3, elicits both chickenpox and shingles and/or postherpetic neuralgia. A live attenuated vaccine (LAV) and glycoprotein E (gE) subunit vaccine were developed to prevent VZV‐induced diseases. We recently reported that single‐strand RNA (ssRNA) based on the intergenic region of the internal ribosome entry site of cricket paralysis virus (CrPV) is an effective adjuvant for protein‐based and virus‐like particle‐based vaccines. Here, Chinese hamster ovary expression system and an LAV from Oka/SK strains. Methods We appraised the adjuvant effect of the same CrPV ssRNA encoding the gE gene formulated in the two vaccines using VZV‐primed C57BL/6 mice and guinea pigs. Humoral immunity and cell‐mediated immunity were assessed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and ELISPOT in gE subunit vaccine and by ELISA and fluorescent antibody to membrane antigen in LAV. Results The gE subunit vaccine‐induced gE‐specific antibodies and CD4+ T‐cell responses (indicated by interferon‐γ [IFN‐γ] and interleukin‐2 secretion) in the ssRNA‐based adjuvant containing the VZV gE gene. Therefore, an ssRNA adjuvant combined with gE antigen can trigger the innate immune response and induce an adaptive immune response to ultimately activate humoral and cell‐mediated responses. VZV LAV could also induce VZV‐specific antibodies and IFN‐γ stimulated by LAV, whereas the effect of ssRNA as a vaccine adjuvant could not be confirmed. However, the ssRNA adjuvant increased VZV‐specific neutralizing antibody response. Conclusions Taken together, these results highlight that the gE subunit vaccine and LAV developed in this study can be functional VZV vaccines, and ssRNAs appear to function better as adjuvants in a subunit vaccine than in an LAV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Jeen Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Republic of Korea.,Department of R&D, SK Bioscience, Pangyoro, Bundang-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jung Park
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Li Ko
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Eun Lee
- Department of R&D, SK Bioscience, Pangyoro, Bundang-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Joo Lee
- Department of R&D, SK Bioscience, Pangyoro, Bundang-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hun Kim
- Department of R&D, SK Bioscience, Pangyoro, Bundang-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hwan Nam
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
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19
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Purvis HA, Clarke F, Montgomery AB, Colas C, Bibby JA, Cornish GH, Dai X, Dudziak D, Rawlings DJ, Zamoyska R, Guermonprez P, Cope AP. Phosphatase PTPN22 Regulates Dendritic Cell Homeostasis and cDC2 Dependent T Cell Responses. Front Immunol 2020; 11:376. [PMID: 32194571 PMCID: PMC7065600 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are specialized antigen presenting cells that instruct T cell responses through sensing environmental and inflammatory danger signals. Maintaining the homeostasis of the multiple functionally distinct conventional dendritic cells (cDC) subsets that exist in vivo is crucial for regulating immune responses, with changes in numbers sufficient to break immune tolerance. Using Ptpn22-/- mice we demonstrate that the phosphatase PTPN22 is a highly selective, negative regulator of cDC2 homeostasis, preventing excessive population expansion from as early as 3 weeks of age. Mechanistically, PTPN22 mediates cDC2 homeostasis in a cell intrinsic manner by restricting cDC2 proliferation. A single nucleotide polymorphism, PTPN22R620W, is one of the strongest genetic risk factors for multiple autoantibody associated human autoimmune diseases. We demonstrate that cDC2 are also expanded in mice carrying the orthologous PTPN22619W mutation. As a consequence, cDC2 dependent CD4+ T cell proliferation and T follicular helper cell responses are increased. Collectively, our data demonstrate that PTPN22 controls cDC2 homeostasis, which in turn ensures appropriate cDC2-dependent T cell responses under antigenic challenge. Our findings provide a link between perturbations in DC development and susceptibility to a broad spectrum of PTPN22R620W associated human autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harriet A Purvis
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Clarke
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anna B Montgomery
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chloe Colas
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jack A Bibby
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Georgina H Cornish
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Xuezhi Dai
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States.,Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Diana Dudziak
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - David J Rawlings
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States.,Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Rose Zamoyska
- Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Pierre Guermonprez
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Centre for Inflammation Research, CNRS ERL8252, INSERM1149, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Andrew P Cope
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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20
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Stojić-Vukanić Z, Pilipović I, Bufan B, Stojanović M, Leposavić G. Age and sex determine CD4+ T cell stimulatory and polarizing capacity of rat splenic dendritic cells. Biogerontology 2019; 21:83-107. [PMID: 31646402 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-019-09845-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The study investigated influence of sex and age on splenic myeloid dendritic cells (DCs) from Dark Agouti rats. Freshly isolated DCs from young males exhibited less mature phenotype and greater endocytic capacity compared with those from age-matched females. Upon LPS stimulation in vitro they were less potent in stimulating allogeneic CD4+ cells in mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR), due to lower expression of MHC II, and greater NO and IL-10 production. In accordance with higher TGF-β production, young male rat DCs were less potent in stimulating IL-17 production in MLR than those from young females. Irrespective of sex, endocytic capacity and responsiveness of DCs to LPS stimulation in culture, judging by their allostimulatory capacity in MLR decreased with age, reflecting decline in MHC II surface density followed by their greater NO production; the effects more prominent in females. Additionally, compared with LPS-stimulated DCs from young rats, those from sex-matched aged rats were more potent in stimulating IL-10 production in MLR, whereas capacity of DCs from aged female and male rats to stimulate IL-17 production remained unaltered and decreased, respectively. This reflected age-related shift in IL-6/TGF-β production level ratio in LPS-stimulated DC cultures towards TGF-β, and sex-specific age-related remodeling CD4+ cell cytokine pathways. Additionally, compared with LPS-stimulated DCs from young rats, those cells from sex-matched aged rats were less potent in stimulating IFN-γ production in MLR, the effect particularly prominent in MLRs encompassing male rat DCs. The study showed that stimulatory and polarizing capacity of DCs depends on rat sex and age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zorica Stojić-Vukanić
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, 450 Vojvode Stepe, Belgrade, 11221, Serbia
| | - Ivan Pilipović
- Immunology Research Centre "Branislav Janković", Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera "Torlak", 458 Vojvode Stepe, Belgrade, 11221, Serbia
| | - Biljana Bufan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, 450 Vojvode Stepe, Belgrade, 11221, Serbia
| | - Marija Stojanović
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, 450 Vojvode Stepe, Belgrade, 11221, Serbia
| | - Gordana Leposavić
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, 450 Vojvode Stepe, Belgrade, 11221, Serbia.
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21
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Gulubova M. Myeloid and Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells and Cancer - New Insights. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2019; 7:3324-3340. [PMID: 31949539 PMCID: PMC6953922 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2019.735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) use effective mechanisms to combat antigens and to bring about adaptive immune responses through their ability to stimulate näive T cells. At present, four major cell types are categorised as DCs: Classical or conventional (cDCs), Plasmacytoid (pDCs), Langerhans cells (LCs), and monocyte-derived DCs (Mo-DCs). It was suggested that pDCs, CD1c+ DCs and CD141+ DCs in humans are equivalent to mouse pDCs, CD11b+ DCs and CD8α+ DCs, respectively. Human CD141+ DCs compared to mouse CD8α+ DCs have remarkable functional and transcriptomic similarities. Characteristic markers, transcription factors, toll-like receptors, T helpers (Th) polarisation, cytokines, etc. of DCs are discussed in this review. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) I and II antigen presentation, cross-presentation and Th polarisation are defined, and the dual role of DCs in the tumour is discussed. Human DCs are the main immune cells that orchestrate the immune response in the tumour microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Gulubova
- Department of General and Clinical Pathology, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
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22
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Shtylla B, Gee M, Do A, Shabahang S, Eldevik L, de Pillis L. A Mathematical Model for DC Vaccine Treatment of Type I Diabetes. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1107. [PMID: 31555144 PMCID: PMC6742690 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Type I diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease that can be managed, but for which there is currently no cure. Recent discoveries, particularly in mouse models, indicate that targeted modulation of the immune response has the potential to move an individual from a diabetic to a long-term, if not permanent, healthy state. In this paper we develop a single compartment mathematical model that captures the dynamics of dendritic cells (DC and tDC), T cells (effector and regulatory), and macrophages in the development of type I diabetes. The model supports the hypothesis that differences in macrophage clearance rates play a significant role in determining whether or not an individual is likely to become diabetic subsequent to a significant immune challenge. With this model we are able to explore the effects of strengthening the anti-inflammatory component of the immune system in a vulnerable individual. Simulations indicate that there are windows of opportunity in which treatment intervention is more likely to be beneficial in protecting an individual from entering a diabetic state. This model framework can be used as a foundation for modeling future T1D treatments as they are developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blerta Shtylla
- Mathematics Department, Pomona College, Claremont, CA, United States
| | - Marissa Gee
- Mathematics Department, Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, CA, United States
| | - An Do
- Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA, United States
| | | | - Leif Eldevik
- Aditx Therapeutics, Inc., Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Lisette de Pillis
- Mathematics Department, Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, CA, United States
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23
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Xiao Y, de Paiva CS, Yu Z, de Souza RG, Li DQ, Pflugfelder SC. Goblet cell-produced retinoic acid suppresses CD86 expression and IL-12 production in bone marrow-derived cells. Int Immunol 2019; 30:457-470. [PMID: 30010888 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxy045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Conjunctival goblet cell loss in ocular surface diseases is accompanied by increased number of interleukin-12 (IL-12)-producing antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and increased interferon-γ (IFN-γ) expression. This study tested the hypothesis that mouse conjunctival goblet cells produce biologically active retinoic acid (RA) that suppresses CD86 expression and IL-12 production by myeloid cells. We found that conditioned media from cultured conjunctival goblet cells (CjCM) suppressed stimulated CD86 expression, NF-κB p65 activation and IL-12 and IFN-γ production in unstimulated and lipopolysaccharide-stimulated cultured bone marrow-derived cells (BMDCs) containing a mixed population of APCs. Goblet cell-conditioned, ovalbumin-loaded APCs suppressed IFN-γ production and increased IL-13 production in co-cultured OTII cells. The goblet cell suppressive activity is due in part to their ability to synthesize RA from retinol. Conjunctival goblet cells had greater expression of aldehyde dehydrogenases Aldh1a1 and a3 and ALDEFLUOR activity than cornea epithelium lacking goblet cells. The conditioning activity was lost in goblet cells treated with an ALDH inhibitor, and a retinoid receptor alpha antagonist blocked the suppressive effects of CjCM on IL-12 production. Similar to RA, CjCM increased expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) in BMDCs. SOCS3 silencing reversed the IL-12-suppressive effects of CjCM. Our findings indicate that conjunctival goblet cells are capable of synthesizing RA from retinol secreted by the lacrimal gland into tears that can condition APCs. Evidence suggests goblet cell RA may function in maintaining conjunctival immune tolerance and loss of conjunctival goblet cells may contribute to increased Th1 priming in dry eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyan Xiao
- Cullen Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Cintia S de Paiva
- Cullen Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhiyuan Yu
- Cullen Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rodrigo G de Souza
- Cullen Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - De-Quan Li
- Cullen Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stephen C Pflugfelder
- Cullen Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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24
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Schloss J, Ali R, Babad J, Guerrero-Ros I, Pongsachai J, He LZ, Keler T, DiLorenzo TP. Development and Characterization of a Preclinical Model for the Evaluation of CD205-Mediated Antigen Delivery Therapeutics in Type 1 Diabetes. Immunohorizons 2019; 3:236-253. [PMID: 31356169 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.1900014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are crucial for the production of adaptive immune responses to disease-causing microbes. However, in the steady state (i.e., in the absence of an infection or when Ags are experimentally delivered without a DC-activating adjuvant), DCs present Ags to T cells in a tolerogenic manner and are important for the establishment of peripheral tolerance. Delivery of islet Ags to DCs using Ag-linked Abs to the DC endocytic receptor CD205 has shown promise in the NOD mouse model of type 1 diabetes (T1D). It is important to note, however, that all myeloid DCs express CD205 in humans, whereas in mice, only one of the classical DC subsets does (classical DC1; CD8α+ in spleen). Thus, the evaluation of CD205-targeted treatments in mice will likely not accurately predict the results observed in humans. To overcome this challenge, we have developed and characterized a novel NOD mouse model in which all myeloid DCs transgenically express human CD205 (hCD205). This NOD.hCD205 strain displays a similar T1D incidence profile to standard NOD mice. The presence of the transgene does not alter DC development, phenotype, or function. Importantly, the DCs are able to process and present Ags delivered via hCD205. Because Ags taken up via hCD205 can be presented on both class I and class II MHC, both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells can be modulated. As both T cell subsets are important for T1D pathogenesis, NOD.hCD205 mice represent a unique, patient-relevant tool for the development and optimization of DC-directed T1D therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Schloss
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Riyasat Ali
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Jeffrey Babad
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
| | | | - Jillamika Pongsachai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Li-Zhen He
- Celldex Therapeutics Inc., Hampton, NJ 08827
| | - Tibor Keler
- Celldex Therapeutics Inc., Hampton, NJ 08827
| | - Teresa P DiLorenzo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461; .,Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461.,Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461; and.,The Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
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25
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Boukhaled GM, Corrado M, Guak H, Krawczyk CM. Chromatin Architecture as an Essential Determinant of Dendritic Cell Function. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1119. [PMID: 31214161 PMCID: PMC6557980 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics has widespread implications in a variety of cellular processes ranging from cell identity and specification, to cellular adaptation to environmental stimuli. While typically associated with heritable changes in gene expression, epigenetic mechanisms are now appreciated to regulate dynamic changes in gene expression—even in post-mitotic cells. Cells of the innate immune system, including dendritic cells (DC), rapidly integrate signals from their microenvironment and respond accordingly, undergoing massive changes in transcriptional programming. This dynamic transcriptional reprogramming relies on epigenetic changes mediated by numerous enzymes and their substrates. This review highlights our current understanding of epigenetic regulation of DC function. Epigenetic mechanisms contribute to the maintenance of the steady state and are important for precise responses to proinflammatory stimuli. Interdependence between epigenetic modifications and the delicate balance of metabolites present another layer of complexity. In addition, dynamic regulation of the expression of proteins that modify chromatin architecture in DCs significantly impacts DC function. Environmental factors, including inflammation, aging, chemicals, nutrients, and lipid mediators, are increasingly appreciated to affect the epigenome in DCs, and, in doing so, regulate host immunity. Our understanding of how epigenetic mechanisms regulate DC function is in its infancy, and it must be expanded in order to discern the mechanisms underlying the balance between health and disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giselle M Boukhaled
- Department of Physiology, Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mario Corrado
- Department of Physiology, Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Hannah Guak
- Department of Physiology, Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Connie M Krawczyk
- Department of Physiology, Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Program in Metabolic and Nutritional Programming, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
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26
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Lewis JS, Stewart JM, Marshall GP, Carstens MR, Zhang Y, Dolgova NV, Xia C, Brusko TM, Wasserfall CH, Clare-Salzler MJ, Atkinson MA, Keselowsky BG. Dual-Sized Microparticle System for Generating Suppressive Dendritic Cells Prevents and Reverses Type 1 Diabetes in the Nonobese Diabetic Mouse Model. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:2631-2646. [PMID: 31119191 PMCID: PMC6518351 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Antigen
specificity is a primary goal in developing curative therapies
for autoimmune disease. Dendritic cells (DCs), as the most effective
antigen presenting cells in the body, represent a key target to mediate
restoration of antigen-specific immune regulation. Here, we describe
an injectable, dual-sized microparticle (MP) approach that employs
phagocytosable ∼1 μm and nonphagocytosable ∼30
μm MPs to deliver tolerance-promoting factors both intracellularly
and extracellularly, as well as the type 1 diabetes autoantigen, insulin,
to DCs for reprogramming of immune responses and remediation of autoimmunity.
This poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) MP system
prevented diabetes onset in 60% of nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice when
administered subcutaneously in 8 week old mice. Prevention of disease
was dependent upon antigen inclusion and required encapsulation of
factors in MPs. Moreover, administration of this “suppressive-vaccine”
boosted pancreatic lymph node and splenic regulatory T cells (Tregs),
upregulated PD-1 on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and
reversed hyperglycemia for up to 100 days in recent-onset NOD mice.
Our results demonstrate that a MP-based platform can reeducate the
immune system in an antigen-specific manner, augment immunomodulation
compared to soluble administration of drugs, and provide a promising
alternative to systemic immunosuppression for autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamal S Lewis
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, 1275 Center Drive, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States.,OneVax, LLC, 12085 Research Drive, Alachua, Florida 32615, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Joshua M Stewart
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, 1275 Center Drive, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Gregory P Marshall
- OneVax, LLC, 12085 Research Drive, Alachua, Florida 32615, United States
| | - Matthew R Carstens
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, 1275 Center Drive, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Ying Zhang
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, 1275 Center Drive, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Natalia V Dolgova
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, 1275 Center Drive, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Changqing Xia
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Road, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Todd M Brusko
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Road, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Clive H Wasserfall
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Road, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Michael J Clare-Salzler
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Road, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Mark A Atkinson
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Road, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Road, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Benjamin G Keselowsky
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, 1275 Center Drive, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States.,Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Road, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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27
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Yu H, Tian Y, Wang Y, Mineishi S, Zhang Y. Dendritic Cell Regulation of Graft-Vs.-Host Disease: Immunostimulation and Tolerance. Front Immunol 2019; 10:93. [PMID: 30774630 PMCID: PMC6367268 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Graft-vs.-host disease (GVHD) remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Significant progresses have been made in defining the dichotomous role of dendritic cells (DCs) in the development of GVHD. Host-derived DCs are important to elicit allogeneic T cell responses, whereas certain donor-types of DCs derived from newly engrafted hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) can amply this graft-vs.-host reaction. In contrast, some DCs also play non-redundant roles in mediating immune tolerance. They induce apoptotic deletion of host-reactive donor T cells while promoting expansion and function of regulatory T cells (Treg). Unfortunately, this tolerogenic effect of DCs is impaired during GVHD. Severe GVHD in patients subject to allo-HSCT is associated with significantly decreased number of circulating peripheral blood DCs during engraftment. Existing studies reveal that GVHD causes delayed reconstitution of donor DCs from engrafted HSPCs, impairs the antigen presentation function of newly generated DCs and reduces the capacity of DCs to regulate Treg. The present review will discuss the importance of DCs in alloimmunity and the mechanism underlying DC reconstitution after allo-HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongshuang Yu
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yuanyuan Tian
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ying Wang
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Shin Mineishi
- Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Yi Zhang
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States,*Correspondence: Yi Zhang
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28
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Smita S, Ahad A, Ghosh A, Biswas VK, Koga MM, Gupta B, Acha-Orbea H, Raghav SK. Importance of EMT Factor ZEB1 in cDC1 "MutuDC Line" Mediated Induction of Th1 Immune Response. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2604. [PMID: 30483264 PMCID: PMC6243008 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) factor Zeb1 is well defined in metastasis and cancer progression but it's importance in dendritic cells (DCs) is unexplored until now. For the first time we report here that Zeb1 controls immunogenic responses of CD8α+ conventional Type-I (cDC1) DCs. We found that ZEB1 expression increases significantly after TLR9 stimulation and its depletion impairs activation, co-stimulation and secretion of important cytokines like IL-6, IL-10 and IL-12 in cDC1 MutuDC line. We further confirmed our findings in primary cDC1 DCs derived from bone marrow. Co-culture of these Zeb1 knock down (KD) DCs with OT-II CD4+ T helper cells skewed their differentiation toward Th2 subtype. Moreover, adoptive transfer of activated Zeb1 KD DCs cleared intestinal worms in helminth infected mice by increasing Th2 responses in vivo. Integrative genomic analysis showed Zeb1 as an activator of immune response genes in cDC1 MutuDCs as compared to other pathway genes. In addition, differentially regulated genes in Zeb1 KD RNA-seq showed significant enrichment of Th2 activation pathways supporting our in vitro findings. Mechanistically, we showed that decreased IL-12 secreted by Zeb1 KD DCs is the plausible mechanism for increased Th2 differentiation. Collectively our data demonstrate that Zeb1 could be targeted in DCs to modulate T-cell mediated adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuchi Smita
- Immuno-genomics and Systems Biology Laboratory, Institute of Life Sciences (ILS), Bhubaneswar, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Abdul Ahad
- Immuno-genomics and Systems Biology Laboratory, Institute of Life Sciences (ILS), Bhubaneswar, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Arup Ghosh
- Immuno-genomics and Systems Biology Laboratory, Institute of Life Sciences (ILS), Bhubaneswar, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Viplov K Biswas
- Immuno-genomics and Systems Biology Laboratory, Institute of Life Sciences (ILS), Bhubaneswar, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Marianna M Koga
- Department of Biochemistry CIIL, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Bhawna Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Hans Acha-Orbea
- Department of Biochemistry CIIL, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Sunil K Raghav
- Immuno-genomics and Systems Biology Laboratory, Institute of Life Sciences (ILS), Bhubaneswar, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Bhubaneswar, India
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29
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Salami F, Lee HS, Freyhult E, Elding Larsson H, Lernmark Å, Törn C. Reduction in White Blood Cell, Neutrophil, and Red Blood Cell Counts Related to Sex, HLA, and Islet Autoantibodies in Swedish TEDDY Children at Increased Risk for Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes 2018; 67:2329-2336. [PMID: 30104249 PMCID: PMC6198343 DOI: 10.2337/db18-0355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Islet autoantibodies (IAs) precede the clinical onset of type 1 diabetes (T1D); however, the knowledge is limited about whether the prodrome affects complete blood counts (CBCs) in 4- to 12-year-old children with increased genetic risk for T1D. This study tested whether CBCs were altered in 4- to 12-year-old children without (n = 376) or with one or several IAs against insulin, GAD65, or IA-2 (n = 72). CBC was analyzed during longitudinal follow-up in 448 Swedish children enrolled in The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study. A linear mixed-effects model was used to assess potential association between IA and CBC measurements over time. The white blood cell and neutrophil counts were reduced in children with IAs, primarily in boys. In contrast, girls had lower levels of hemoglobin and hematocrit. Positivity for multiple IAs showed the lowest counts in white blood cells and neutrophils in boys and red blood cells, hemoglobin, and hematocrit in girls. These associations were primarily observed in children with the HLA-DR3-DQ2/DR4-DQ8 genotype. We conclude that the reduction in neutrophils and red blood cells in children with multiple IAs and HLA-DR3-DQ2/DR4-DQ8 genotype may signal a sex-dependent islet autoimmunity detected in longitudinal CBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falastin Salami
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University/Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Hye-Seung Lee
- Health Informatics Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - Eva Freyhult
- Department of Medical Sciences, National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Helena Elding Larsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University/Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Åke Lernmark
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University/Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Carina Törn
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University/Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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30
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Agent-Based Modeling of Immune Response to Study the Effects of Regulatory T Cells in Type 1 Diabetes. Processes (Basel) 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/pr6090141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) have an important role in self-tolerance. Understanding the functions of Tregs is important for preventing or slowing the progress of Type 1 Diabetes. We use a two-dimensional (2D) agent-based model to simulate immune response in mice and test the effects of Tregs in tissue protection. We compared the immune response with and without Tregs, and also tested the effects of Tregs from different sources or with different functions. The results show that Tregs can inhibit the proliferation of effector T cells by inhibiting antigens presenting via dendritic cells (DCs). Although the number and function of Tregs affect the inhibition, a small number of Tregs compared to CD4+ T cells can effectively protect islets in pancreatic tissue. Finally, we added Tregs to the system in the middle phase of the immune response. The simulation results show that Tregs can inhibit the production of effector CD8+ T cells and maintain a good environment for β cell regeneration.
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31
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Qiu T, Li M, Tanner MA, Yang Y, Sowers JR, Korthuis RJ, Hill MA. Depletion of dendritic cells in perivascular adipose tissue improves arterial relaxation responses in type 2 diabetic mice. Metabolism 2018; 85:76-89. [PMID: 29530798 PMCID: PMC6062442 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulation of multiple subtypes of immune cells in perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) has been proposed to cause vascular inflammation and dysfunction in type 2 diabetes (T2DM). This study was designed to investigate specific roles for dendritic cells in PVAT in the development of vascular inflammation and impaired PVAT-mediated vasorelaxation in T2DM. METHODS AND RESULTS Studies were performed using db/db mice (model of T2DM) and their Db heterozygote (DbHET), lean and normoglycemic controls. Dendritic cell depletion was performed by cross-breeding DbHet with Flt3l-/- (null for ligand for FMS-kinase tyrosine kinase) mice. Using PCR, it was found that the majority of dendritic cells (CD11c+) were located in PVAT rather than the vascular wall. Flow cytometry similarly showed greater dendritic cell accumulation in adipose tissue from db/db mice than DbHET controls. Adipose tissue from db/db mice displayed increased mRNA levels of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 and decreased mRNA levels of the anti-inflammatory mediator adiponectin, compared to DbHET mice. Depletion of dendritic cells in dbFlt3l-/dbFlt3l- (confirmed by flow cytometry) reduced TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA levels in diabetic adipose tissue without influencing adiponection expression. Moreover, in mesenteric arteries, dendritic cell depletion improved the ability of PVAT to augment acetylcholine-induced vasorelaxation and anti-contractile activity. CONCLUSIONS In a murine model of T2DM, dendritic cells accumulated predominantly in PVAT, as opposed to the vessel wall, per se. Accumulation of dendritic cells in PVAT was associated with overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which contributed to an impaired ability of PVAT to augment vasorelaxation and exert anti-contractile activity in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Qiu
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri and Truman VA Medical Center, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri and Truman VA Medical Center, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Min Li
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri and Truman VA Medical Center, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Miles A Tanner
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri and Truman VA Medical Center, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Yan Yang
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri and Truman VA Medical Center, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - James R Sowers
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri and Truman VA Medical Center, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri and Truman VA Medical Center, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Ronald J Korthuis
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri and Truman VA Medical Center, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri and Truman VA Medical Center, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Michael A Hill
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri and Truman VA Medical Center, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri and Truman VA Medical Center, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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32
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Hotta-Iwamura C, Benck C, Coley WD, Liu Y, Zhao Y, Quiel JA, Tarbell KV. Low CD25 on autoreactive Tregs impairs tolerance via low dose IL-2 and antigen delivery. J Autoimmun 2018; 90:39-48. [PMID: 29439835 PMCID: PMC5949247 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC)-mediated T cell tolerance deficiencies contribute to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases such as type 1 diabetes. Delivering self-antigen to dendritic-cell inhibitory receptor-2 (DCIR2)+ DCs can delay but not completely block diabetes development in NOD mice. These DCIR2-targeting antibodies induce tolerance via deletion and anergy, but do not increase islet-specific Tregs. Because low-dose IL-2 (LD-IL-2) administration can preferentially expand Tregs, we tested whether delivering islet-antigen to tolerogenic DCIR2+ DCs along with LD-IL-2 would boost islet-specific Tregs and further block autoimmunity. But, surprisingly, adding LD-IL-2 did not increase efficacy of DC-targeted antigen to inhibit diabetes. Here we show the effects of LD-IL-2, with or without antigen delivery to DCIR2+ DCs, on both polyclonal and autoreactive Treg and conventional T cells (Tconv). As expected, LD-IL-2 increased total Tregs, but autoreactive Tregs required both antigen and IL-2 stimulation for optimal expansion. Also, islet-specific Tregs had lower CD25 expression and IL-2 sensitivity, while islet-specific Tconv had higher CD25 expression, compared to polyclonal populations. LD-IL-2 increased activation and expansion of Tconv, and was more pronounced for autoreactive cells after treatment with IL-2 + islet-antigen. Therefore, LD-IL-2 therapy, especially when combined with antigen stimulation, may not optimally activate and expand antigen-specific Tregs in chronic autoimmune settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chie Hotta-Iwamura
- Immune Tolerance Section, Diabetes, Endocrinology and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Charles Benck
- Immune Tolerance Section, Diabetes, Endocrinology and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - William D Coley
- Immune Tolerance Section, Diabetes, Endocrinology and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yi Liu
- Immune Tolerance Section, Diabetes, Endocrinology and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yongge Zhao
- Immune Tolerance Section, Diabetes, Endocrinology and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Juan A Quiel
- Immune Tolerance Section, Diabetes, Endocrinology and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kristin V Tarbell
- Immune Tolerance Section, Diabetes, Endocrinology and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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Abstract
The immune system is characterized by the generation of structurally and functionally heterogeneous immune cells that constitute complex innate and adaptive immunity. This heterogeneity of immune cells results from changes in the expression of genes without altering DNA sequence. To achieve this heterogeneity, immune cells orchestrate the expression and functional status of transcription factor (TF) networks, which can be broadly categorized into 3 classes: pioneer TFs that facilitate initial commitment and differentiation of hematopoietic cells, subset-specific TFs that promote the generation of selected cell lineages, and immune-signaling TFs that regulate specialized function in differentiated cells. Epigenetic mechanisms are known to be critical for organizing the TF networks, thereby controlling immune cell lineage-fate decisions, plasticity, and function. The effects of epigenetic regulators can be heritable during cell mitosis, primarily through the modification of DNA and histone methylation patterns at gene loci. By doing so, the immune system is enabled to mount a selective but robust response to stimuli, such as pathogens, tumor cells, autoantigens, or allogeneic antigens in the setting of transplantation, while preserving the immune cell reservoir necessary for protecting the host against numerous other unexpected stimuli and limit detrimental effect of systemic inflammatory reactions.
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Tarbell KV, Egen JG. Breaking self-tolerance during autoimmunity and cancer immunity: Myeloid cells and type I IFN response regulation. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 103:1117-1129. [PMID: 29393979 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3mir1017-400r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The generation and regulation of innate immune signals are key determinants of autoimmune pathogenesis. Emerging evidence suggests that parallel processes operating in the setting of solid tumors can similarly determine the balance between tolerance and immunity and ultimately the effectiveness of the antitumor immune response. In both contexts, self-specific responses start with innate immune cell activation that leads to the initial break in self-tolerance, which can be followed by immune response amplification and maturation through innate-adaptive crosstalk, and finally immune-mediated tissue/tumor destruction that can further potentiate inflammation. Of particular importance for these processes is type I IFN, which is induced in response to endogenous ligands, such as self-nucleic acids, and acts on myeloid cells to promote the expansion of autoreactive or tumor-specific T cells and their influx into the target tissue. Evidence from the study of human disease pathophysiology and genetics and mouse models of disease has revealed an extensive and complex network of negative regulatory pathways that has evolved to restrain type I IFN production and activity. Here, we review the overlapping features of self- and tumor-specific immune responses, including the central role that regulators of the type I IFN response and innate immune cell activation play in maintaining tolerance, and discuss how a better understanding of the pathophysiology of autoimmunity can help to identify new approaches to promote immune-mediated tumor destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin V Tarbell
- Department of Oncology, Amgen, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jackson G Egen
- Department of Oncology, Amgen, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
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35
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Gholizadeh Z, Tavakkol‐Afshari J, Nikpoor AR, Jalali SA, Jaafari MR. Enhanced immune response induced by P5 HER2/neu-derived peptide-pulsed dendritic cells as a preventive cancer vaccine. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:558-567. [PMID: 28944998 PMCID: PMC5742681 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells are special and powerful antigen-presenting cells that can induce primary immune responses against tumour-associated antigens. They can present antigens via both MHC-I and MHC-II, so they have the ability to stimulate both cytotoxic T lymphocytes and T helper cells. Furthermore, CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes require activation by CD4+ T cells. This requires a CD4+ T cell activator molecule, of which PADRE is one of the best. We chose an approach to use both of these important arms of the immune system. We prepared dendritic cells from mouse bone marrow, loaded them with our target peptides (P5 peptide alone or P5 + PADRE), and then injected these pulsed dendritic cells alone or in combination with CpG-ODN (as adjuvant) into BALB/C mice. After the last boosting dose, mice were inoculated with TUBO cells, which overexpress HER2/neu. Two weeks after the tumour cell injection, immunological tests were performed on splenocyte suspensions, and the remaining mice were evaluated for tumour growth and survival. Our data indicate the formulation that contains PADRE plus P5 loaded onto DC in combination with CpG-ODN was the most effective formulation at inducing immune responses. Interferon production in CD4+ and CD8+ gated cells, cytotoxicity rates of target cells and mice survival were all significantly greater in this group than in controls, and all the mice in this group were tumour-free throughout the experiment. Based on our results and the role of HER2/neu as a candidate in human immunotherapy, this approach may be an effective cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Gholizadeh
- Immunogenetic and Cell Culture DepartmentImmunology Research CenterSchool of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Jalil Tavakkol‐Afshari
- Immunogenetic and Cell Culture DepartmentImmunology Research CenterSchool of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Amin Reza Nikpoor
- Immunogenetic and Cell Culture DepartmentImmunology Research CenterSchool of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Seyed Amir Jalali
- Department of ImmunologyMedical SchoolShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Jaafari
- Biotechnology Research CenterNanotechnology Research CenterMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- School of PharmacyMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
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Yu C, Xi J, Li M, An M, Liu H. Bioconjugate Strategies for the Induction of Antigen-Specific Tolerance in Autoimmune Diseases. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 29:719-732. [PMID: 29165988 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Antigen-specific immunotherapy (ASI) holds great promise for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. In mice, administration of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) binding synthetic peptides which modulate T cell receptor (TCR) signaling under subimmunogenic conditions induces selective tolerance without suppressing the global immune responses. However, clinical translation has yielded limited success. It has become apparent that the TCR signaling pathway via synthetic peptide antigen alone is inadequate to induce an effective tolerogenic immunity in autoimmune diseases. Bioconjugate strategies combining additional immunomodulatory functions with TCR signaling can amplify the antigen-specific immune tolerance and possibly lead to the development of new treatments in autoimmune diseases. In this review, we provide a summary of recent advances in the development of bioconjugates to achieve antigen-specific immune tolerance in vivo, with the discussion focused on the underlying design principles and challenges that must be overcome to target these therapies to patients suffering from autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunsong Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Wayne State University , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
| | - Jingchao Xi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Wayne State University , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Wayne State University , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
| | - Myunggi An
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Wayne State University , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
| | - Haipeng Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Wayne State University , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States.,Department of Oncology , Wayne State University , Detroit , Michigan 48201 , United States.,Tumor Biology and Microenvironment Program , Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute , Detroit , Michigan 48201 , United States
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37
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Hervé J, Haurogné K, Bacou E, Pogu S, Allard M, Mignot G, Bach JM, Lieubeau B. β2-adrenergic stimulation of dendritic cells favors IL-10 secretion by CD4+ T cells. Immunol Res 2017; 65:1156-1163. [DOI: 10.1007/s12026-017-8966-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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38
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Danilova IG, Bulavintceva TS, Gette IF, Medvedeva SY, Emelyanov VV, Abidov MT. Partial recovery from alloxan-induced diabetes by sodium phthalhydrazide in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 95:103-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.07.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Audiger C, Rahman MJ, Yun TJ, Tarbell KV, Lesage S. The Importance of Dendritic Cells in Maintaining Immune Tolerance. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:2223-2231. [PMID: 28264998 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Immune tolerance is necessary to prevent the immune system from reacting against self, and thus to avoid the development of autoimmune diseases. In this review, we discuss key findings that position dendritic cells (DCs) as critical modulators of both thymic and peripheral immune tolerance. Although DCs are important for inducing both immunity and tolerance, increased autoimmunity associated with decreased DCs suggests their nonredundant role in tolerance induction. DC-mediated T cell immune tolerance is an active process that is influenced by genetic variants, environmental signals, as well as the nature of the specific DC subset presenting Ag to T cells. Answering the many open questions with regard to the role of DCs in immune tolerance could lead to the development of novel therapies for the prevention of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Audiger
- Department of Immunology-Oncology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada.,Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - M Jubayer Rahman
- Immune Tolerance Section, Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Tae Jin Yun
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Immunology, Clinical Research Institute of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H2W 1R7, Canada; and.,Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Kristin V Tarbell
- Immune Tolerance Section, Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Sylvie Lesage
- Department of Immunology-Oncology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada; .,Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
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40
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Askenasy N. Mechanisms of diabetic autoimmunity: II--Is diabetes a central or peripheral disorder of effector and regulatory cells? Immunol Res 2016; 64:36-43. [PMID: 26482052 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-015-8725-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Two competing hypotheses aiming to explain the onset of autoimmune reactions are discussed in the context of genetic and environmental predisposition to type 1 diabetes (T1D). The first hypothesis has evolved along characterization of the mechanisms of self-discrimination and attributes diabetic autoimmunity to escape of reactive T cells from central regulation in the thymus. The second considers frequent occurrence of autoimmune reactions within the immune homunculus, which are adequately suppressed by regulatory T cells originating from the thymus, and occasionally, insufficient suppression results in autoimmunity. Besides thymic dysfunction, deregulation of both effector and suppressor cells can in fact result from homeostatic aberrations at the peripheral level during initial stages of evolution of adaptive immunity. Pathogenic cells sensitized in the islets are efficiently expanded in the target tissue and pancreatic lymph nodes of lymphopenic neonates. In parallel, the same mechanisms of peripheral sensitization contribute to tolerization through education of naïve/effector T cells and expansion of regulatory T cells. Experimental evidence presented for each individual mechanism implies that T1D may result from a primary effector or suppressor immune abnormality. Disturbed self-tolerance leading to T1D may well result from peripheral deregulation of innate and adaptive immunity, with variable contribution of central thymic dysfunction.
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41
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Molanouri Shamsi M, Mahdavi M, Quinn LS, Gharakhanlou R, Isanegad A. Effect of resistance exercise training on expression of Hsp70 and inflammatory cytokines in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue of STZ-induced diabetic rats. Cell Stress Chaperones 2016; 21:783-91. [PMID: 27245165 PMCID: PMC5003795 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-016-0703-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Impairment of adipose tissue and skeletal muscles accrued following type 1 diabetes is associated with protein misfolding and loss of adipose mass and skeletal muscle atrophy. Resistance training can maintain muscle mass by changing both inflammatory cytokines and stress factors in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a 5-week ladder climbing resistance training program on the expression of Hsp70 and inflammatory cytokines in adipose tissue and fast-twitch flexor hallucis longus (FHL) and slow-twitch soleus muscles in healthy and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Induction of diabetes reduced body mass, while resistance training preserved FHL muscle weight in diabetic rats without any changes in body mass. Diabetes increased Hsp70 protein content in skeletal muscles, adipose tissue, and serum. Hsp70 protein levels were decreased in normal and diabetic rats by resistance training in the FHL, but not soleus muscle. Furthermore, resistance training decreased inflammatory cytokines in FHL skeletal muscle. On the other hand, Hsp70 and inflammatory cytokine protein levels were increased by training in adipose tissue. Also, significant positive correlations between inflammatory cytokines in adipose tissue and skeletal muscles with Hsp70 protein levels were observed. In conclusion, we found that in diabetic rats, resistance training decreased inflammatory cytokines and Hsp70 protein levels in fast skeletal muscle, increased adipose tissue inflammatory cytokines and Hsp70, and preserved FHL muscle mass. These results suggest that resistance training can maintain skeletal muscle mass in diabetes by changing inflammatory cytokines and stress factors such as Hsp70 in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Molanouri Shamsi
- Physical Education and Sport Sciences Dept., Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Jala Ale Ahmad Exp., P.O.Box: 14117-13116, Tehran, Iran.
| | - M Mahdavi
- Immunology Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, 69 Pasteur Ave, Tehran, Iran
| | - L S Quinn
- Research Service, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, and Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA
| | - R Gharakhanlou
- Physical Education and Sport Sciences Dept., Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Jala Ale Ahmad Exp., P.O.Box: 14117-13116, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Isanegad
- Physical Education and Sport Sciences Dept., Faculty of Humanities, Shahed University, P.O.Box: 14117-13116, Tehran, I.R., Iran
- Immunoregulation Research Center, Shahed University, P.O.Box: 14117-13116, Tehran, I.R., Iran
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42
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McLaughlin RJ, de Haan A, Zaldumbide A, de Koning EJ, de Ru AH, van Veelen PA, van Lummel M, Roep BO. Human islets and dendritic cells generate post-translationally modified islet autoantigens. Clin Exp Immunol 2016; 185:133-40. [PMID: 26861694 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The initiation of type 1 diabetes (T1D) requires a break in peripheral tolerance. New insights into neoepitope formation indicate that post-translational modification of islet autoantigens, for example via deamidation, may be an important component of disease initiation or exacerbation. Indeed, deamidation of islet autoantigens increases their binding affinity to the T1D highest-risk human leucocyte antigen (HLA) haplotypes HLA-DR3/DQ2 and -DR4/DQ8, increasing the chance that T cells reactive to deamidated autoantigens can be activated upon T cell receptor ligation. Here we investigated human pancreatic islets and inflammatory and tolerogenic human dendritic cells (DC and tolDC) as potential sources of deamidated islet autoantigens and examined whether deamidation is altered in an inflammatory environment. Islets, DC and tolDC contained tissue transglutaminase, the key enzyme responsible for peptide deamidation, and enzyme activity increased following an inflammatory insult. Islets treated with inflammatory cytokines were found to contain deamidated insulin C-peptide. DC, heterozygous for the T1D highest-risk DQ2/8, pulsed with native islet autoantigens could present naturally processed deamidated neoepitopes. HLA-DQ2 or -DQ8 homozygous DC did not present deamidated islet peptides. This study identifies both human islets and DC as sources of deamidated islet autoantigens and implicates inflammatory activation of tissue transglutaminase as a potential mechanism for islet and DC deamidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J McLaughlin
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - A de Haan
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - A Zaldumbide
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - E J de Koning
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - A H de Ru
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - P A van Veelen
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - M van Lummel
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - B O Roep
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Department of Diabetes Immunology, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute at the Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
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43
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De Vlaeminck Y, González-Rascón A, Goyvaerts C, Breckpot K. Cancer-Associated Myeloid Regulatory Cells. Front Immunol 2016; 7:113. [PMID: 27065074 PMCID: PMC4810015 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid cells are critically involved in the pathophysiology of cancers. In the tumor microenvironment (TME), they comprise tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), neutrophils (TANs), dendritic cells, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, which are further subdivided into a monocytic subset and a granulocytic subset. Some of these myeloid cells, in particular TAMs and TANs, are divided into type 1 or type 2 cells, according to the paradigm of T helper type 1 or type 2 cells. Type 1-activated cells are generally characterized as cells that aid tumor rejection, while all other myeloid cells are shown to favor tumor progression. Moreover, these cells are often at the basis of resistance to various therapies. Much research has been devoted to study the biology of myeloid cells. This endeavor has proven to be challenging, as the markers used to categorize myeloid cells in the TME are not restricted to particular subsets. Also from a functional and metabolic point of view, myeloid cells share many features. Finally, myeloid cells are endowed with a certain level of plasticity, which further complicates studying them outside their environment. In this article, we challenge the exclusive use of cell markers to unambiguously identify myeloid cell subsets in the TME. We further propose to divide myeloid cells into myeloid regulatory or stimulatory cells according to their pro- or antitumor function, because we contend that for therapeutic purposes it is not targeting the cell subsets but rather targeting their protumor traits; hence, myeloid regulatory cells will push antitumor immunotherapy to the next level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick De Vlaeminck
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Anna González-Rascón
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium; Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, Hermosillo, Mexico
| | - Cleo Goyvaerts
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Karine Breckpot
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussels , Belgium
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44
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Direct Delivery of Antigens to Dendritic Cells via Antibodies Specific for Endocytic Receptors as a Promising Strategy for Future Therapies. Vaccines (Basel) 2016; 4:vaccines4020008. [PMID: 27043640 PMCID: PMC4931625 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines4020008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent professional antigen presenting cells and are therefore indispensable for the control of immunity. The technique of antibody mediated antigen targeting to DC subsets has been the basis of intense research for more than a decade. Many murine studies have utilized this approach of antigen delivery to various kinds of endocytic receptors of DCs both in vitro and in vivo. Today, it is widely accepted that different DC subsets are important for the induction of select immune responses. Nevertheless, many questions still remain to be answered, such as the actual influence of the targeted receptor on the initiation of the immune response to the delivered antigen. Further efforts to better understand the induction of antigen-specific immune responses will support the transfer of this knowledge into novel treatment strategies for human diseases. In this review, we will discuss the state-of-the-art aspects of the basic principles of antibody mediated antigen targeting approaches. A table will also provide a broad overview of the latest studies using antigen targeting including addressed DC subset, targeted receptors, outcome, and applied coupling techniques.
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45
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Shamriz S, Ofoghi H. Design, structure prediction and molecular dynamics simulation of a fusion construct containing malaria pre-erythrocytic vaccine candidate, PfCelTOS, and human interleukin 2 as adjuvant. BMC Bioinformatics 2016; 17:71. [PMID: 26851942 PMCID: PMC4744421 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-016-0918-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malaria infection is still widespread in some parts of the world and threatens the lives of millions of people every year. Vaccines, especially oral vaccines are considered to be effective in reducing the burden of malaria morbidity and mortality. By using recombinant technology, suitable oral hosts could serve as antigen delivering vehicles in developing oral vaccines. This study was aimed towards designing and computational analysis of a fusion protein consisting of Plasmodium falciparum cell-traversal protein for ookinetes and sporozoites (PfCelTOS) fused to human interleukin-2 (IL-2) and M cell-specific peptide ligand (Co1), as a step toward developing a vaccine candidate. RESULTS To our best knowledge, the three dimensional (3D) structure of CelTOS is not reported in protein database. Therefore, we carried out computational modeling and simulation in the hope of understanding the properties and structure of PfCelTOS. Then we fused IL-2 to PfCelTOS by a flexible linker and did in silico analysis to confirm the proper folding of each domain in the designed fusion protein. In the last step, Co1 ligand was added to the confirmed fusion structure using a rigid linker and computational analysis was performed to evaluate the final fusion construct. One structure out of five predicted by I-TASSER for PfCelTOS and fusion constructs was selected based on the highest value for C-score. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation analysis indicated that predicted structures are stable during the simulation. Ramchandran Plot analysis of PfCelTOS and fusion constructs before and after MD simulation also represented that most residues were fallen in favorable regions. CONCLUSION In silico study showed that Co1-(AEEEK)3- IL-2-(GGGGS)3-PfCelTOS construct has a constant structure and the selected linkers are effectively able to separate the domains. Therefore, data reported in this paper represents the first step toward developing of an oral vaccine candidate against malaria infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Shamriz
- Department of Biotechnology, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hamideh Ofoghi
- Department of Biotechnology, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.
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46
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Hotta-Iwamura C, Tarbell KV. Type 1 diabetes genetic susceptibility and dendritic cell function: potential targets for treatment. J Leukoc Biol 2016; 100:65-80. [PMID: 26792821 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3mr1115-500r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease that results from the defective induction or maintenance of T cell tolerance against islet β cell self-antigens. Under steady-state conditions, dendritic cells with tolerogenic properties are critical for peripheral immune tolerance. Tolerogenic dendritic cells can induce T cell anergy and deletion and, in some contexts, induce or expand regulatory T cells. Dendritic cells contribute to both immunomodulatory effects and triggering of pathogenesis in type 1 diabetes. This immune equilibrium is affected by both genetic and environmental factors that contribute to the development of type 1 diabetes. Genome-wide association studies and disease association studies have identified >50 polymorphic loci that lend susceptibility or resistance to insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. In parallel, diabetes susceptibility regions known as insulin-dependent diabetes loci have been identified in the nonobese diabetic mouse, a model for human type 1 diabetes, providing a better understanding of potential immunomodulatory factors in type 1 diabetes risk. Most genetic candidates have annotated immune cell functions, but the focus has been on changes to T and B cells. However, it is likely that some of the genomic susceptibility in type 1 diabetes directly interrupts the tolerogenic potential of dendritic cells in the pathogenic context of ongoing autoimmunity. Here, we will review how gene polymorphisms associated with autoimmune diabetes may influence dendritic cell development and maturation processes that could lead to alterations in the tolerogenic function of dendritic cells. These insights into potential tolerogenic and pathogenic roles for dendritic cells have practical implications for the clinical manipulation of dendritic cells toward tolerance to prevent and treat type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chie Hotta-Iwamura
- Immune Tolerance Section, Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kristin V Tarbell
- Immune Tolerance Section, Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Price JD, Hotta-Iwamura C, Zhao Y, Beauchamp NM, Tarbell KV. DCIR2+ cDC2 DCs and Zbtb32 Restore CD4+ T-Cell Tolerance and Inhibit Diabetes. Diabetes 2015; 64:3521-31. [PMID: 26070317 PMCID: PMC4587633 DOI: 10.2337/db14-1880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
During autoimmunity, the normal ability of dendritic cells (DCs) to induce T-cell tolerance is disrupted; therefore, autoimmune disease therapies based on cell types and molecular pathways that elicit tolerance in the steady state may not be effective. To determine which DC subsets induce tolerance in the context of chronic autoimmunity, we used chimeric antibodies specific for DC inhibitory receptor 2 (DCIR2) or DEC-205 to target self-antigen to CD11b(+) (cDC2) DCs and CD8(+) (cDC1) DCs, respectively, in autoimmune-prone nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice. Antigen presentation by DCIR2(+) DCs but not DEC-205(+) DCs elicited tolerogenic CD4(+) T-cell responses in NOD mice. β-Cell antigen delivered to DCIR2(+) DCs delayed diabetes induction and induced increased T-cell apoptosis without interferon-γ (IFN-γ) or sustained expansion of autoreactive CD4(+) T cells. These divergent responses were preceded by differential gene expression in T cells early after in vivo stimulation. Zbtb32 was higher in T cells stimulated with DCIR2(+) DCs, and overexpression of Zbtb32 in T cells inhibited diabetes development, T-cell expansion, and IFN-γ production. Therefore, we have identified DCIR2(+) DCs as capable of inducing antigen-specific tolerance in the face of ongoing autoimmunity and have also identified Zbtb32 as a suppressive transcription factor that controls T cell-mediated autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D Price
- Immune Tolerance Section, Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Chie Hotta-Iwamura
- Immune Tolerance Section, Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Yongge Zhao
- Immune Tolerance Section, Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Nicole M Beauchamp
- Immune Tolerance Section, Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Kristin V Tarbell
- Immune Tolerance Section, Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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Dong MB, Rahman MJ, Tarbell KV. Flow cytometric gating for spleen monocyte and DC subsets: differences in autoimmune NOD mice and with acute inflammation. J Immunol Methods 2015; 432:4-12. [PMID: 26344574 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2015.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The role of antigen presenting cells (APCs) in the pathogenesis of autoimmune and other inflammatory diseases is now better understood due to advances in multicolor flow cytometry, gene expression analysis of APC populations, and functional correlation of mouse to human APC populations. A simple but informative nomenclature of conventional and plasmacytoid dendritic cell subsets (cDC1, cDC2, pDC) and monocyte-derived populations incorporates these advances, but accurate subset identification is critical. Ambiguous gating schemes and alterations of cell surface markers in inflammatory condition can make comparing results between studies difficult. Both acute inflammation, such as TLR-ligand stimulation, and chronic inflammation as found in mouse models of autoimmunity can alter DC subset gating. Here, we address these issues using in vivo CpG stimulation as an example of acute inflammation and the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse as a model of chronic inflammation.We provide a flow cytometric antibody panel and gating scheme that differentiate 2 monocytic and 3DC subsets in the spleen both at steady state and after CpG stimulation. Using this method, we observed differences in the composition of NOD DCs that have been previously reported, and newly identified increases in the number of NOD monocyte-derived DCs. Finally, we established a protocol for DC phosphoflow to measure the phosphorylation state of intracellular proteins, and use it to confirm functional differences in the identified subsets. Therefore, we present optimized methods for distinguishing monocytic and DC populations with and without inflammation and/or autoimmunity associated with NOD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B Dong
- Immune Tolerance Section, Diabetes, Endocrinology and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - M Jubayer Rahman
- Immune Tolerance Section, Diabetes, Endocrinology and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kristin V Tarbell
- Immune Tolerance Section, Diabetes, Endocrinology and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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