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Huang F, Liu F, Zhen X, Gong S, Chen W, Song Z. Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Infectious Rhinosinusitis. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1690. [PMID: 39203531 PMCID: PMC11357447 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12081690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2024] [Revised: 08/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Rhinosinusitis is a common inflammatory disease of the sinonasal mucosa and paranasal sinuses. The pathogenesis of rhinosinusitis involves a variety of factors, including genetics, nasal microbiota status, infection, and environmental influences. Pathogenic microorganisms, including viruses, bacteria, and fungi, have been proven to target the cilia and/or epithelial cells of ciliated airways, which results in the impairment of mucociliary clearance, leading to epithelial cell apoptosis and the loss of epithelial barrier integrity and immune dysregulation, thereby facilitating infection. However, the mechanisms employed by pathogenic microorganisms in rhinosinusitis remain unclear. Therefore, this review describes the types of common pathogenic microorganisms that cause rhinosinusitis, including human rhinovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus species, etc. The damage of mucosal cilium clearance and epithelial barrier caused by surface proteins or secreted virulence factors are summarized in detail. In addition, the specific inflammatory response, mainly Type 1 immune responses (Th1) and Type 2 immune responses (Th2), induced by the entry of pathogens into the body is discussed. The conventional treatment of infectious sinusitis and emerging treatment methods including nanotechnology are also discussed in order to improve the current understanding of the types of microorganisms that cause rhinosinusitis and to help effectively select surgical and/or therapeutic interventions for precise and personalized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fujiao Huang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Fangyan Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Xiaofang Zhen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Shu Gong
- The Public Platform of Cell Biotechnology, Public Center of Experimental Technology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Wenbi Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Zhangyong Song
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Molecular Biotechnology Platform, Public Center of Experimental Technology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Hemodynamics and Medical Engineering Combination Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Luzhou 646000, China
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Sumi T, Harada K. Vaccine and antiviral drug promise for preventing post-acute sequelae of COVID-19, and their combination for its treatment. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1329162. [PMID: 39185419 PMCID: PMC11341427 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1329162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Most healthy individuals recover from acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, whereas a remarkable number continues to suffer from unexplained symptoms, known as Long COVID or post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PACS). It is therefore imperative that methods for preventing and treating the onset of PASC be investigated with the utmost urgency. Methods A mathematical model of the immune response to vaccination and viral infection with SARS-CoV-2, incorporating immune memory cells, was developed. Results and discussion Similar to our previous model, persistent infection was observed by the residual virus in the host, implying the possibility of chronic inflammation and delayed recovery from tissue injury. Pre-infectious vaccination and antiviral medication administered during onset can reduce the acute viral load; however, they show no beneficial effects in preventing persistent infection. Therefore, the impact of these treatments on the PASC, which has been clinically observed, is mainly attributed to their role in preventing severe tissue damage caused by acute viral infections. For PASC patients with persistent infection, vaccination was observed to cause an immediate rapid increase in viral load, followed by a temporary decrease over approximately one year. The former was effectively suppressed by the coadministration of antiviral medications, indicating that this combination is a promising treatment for PASC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonari Sumi
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kouji Harada
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi, Aichi, Japan
- Center for IT-Based Education, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi, Aichi, Japan
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Aghajani Mir M. Illuminating the pathogenic role of SARS-CoV-2: Insights into competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) regulatory networks. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2024; 122:105613. [PMID: 38844190 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2024.105613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
The appearance of SARS-CoV-2 in 2019 triggered a significant economic and health crisis worldwide, with heterogeneous molecular mechanisms that contribute to its development are not yet fully understood. Although substantial progress has been made in elucidating the mechanisms behind SARS-CoV-2 infection and therapy, it continues to rank among the top three global causes of mortality due to infectious illnesses. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), being integral components across nearly all biological processes, demonstrate effective importance in viral pathogenesis. Regarding viral infections, ncRNAs have demonstrated their ability to modulate host reactions, viral replication, and host-pathogen interactions. However, the complex interactions of different types of ncRNAs in the progression of COVID-19 remains understudied. In recent years, a novel mechanism of post-transcriptional gene regulation known as "competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA)" has been proposed. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), and viral ncRNAs function as ceRNAs, influencing the expression of associated genes by sequestering shared microRNAs. Recent research on SARS-CoV-2 has revealed that disruptions in specific ceRNA regulatory networks (ceRNETs) contribute to the abnormal expression of key infection-related genes and the establishment of distinctive infection characteristics. These findings present new opportunities to delve deeper into the underlying mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis, offering potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. This progress paves the way for a more comprehensive understanding of ceRNETs, shedding light on the intricate mechanisms involved. Further exploration of these mechanisms holds promise for enhancing our ability to prevent viral infections and develop effective antiviral treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Aghajani Mir
- Deputy of Research and Technology, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
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Anes E, Azevedo-Pereira JM, Pires D. Role of Type I Interferons during Mycobacterium tuberculosis and HIV Infections. Biomolecules 2024; 14:848. [PMID: 39062562 PMCID: PMC11275242 DOI: 10.3390/biom14070848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis and AIDS remain two of the most relevant human infectious diseases. The pathogens that cause them, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and HIV, individually elicit an immune response that treads the line between beneficial and detrimental to the host. Co-infection further complexifies this response since the different cytokines acting on one infection might facilitate the dissemination of the other. In these responses, the role of type I interferons is often associated with antiviral mechanisms, while for bacteria such as Mtb, their importance and clinical relevance as a suitable target for manipulation are more controversial. In this article, we review the recent knowledge on how these interferons play distinct roles and sometimes have opposite consequences depending on the stage of the pathogenesis. We highlight the dichotomy between the acute and chronic infections displayed by both infections and how type I interferons contribute to an initial control of each infection individually, while their chronic induction, particularly during HIV infection, might facilitate Mtb primo-infection and progression to disease. We expect that further findings and their systematization will allow the definition of windows of opportunity for interferon manipulation according to the stage of infection, contributing to pathogen clearance and control of immunopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Anes
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Unit, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (J.M.A.-P.); (D.P.)
| | - José Miguel Azevedo-Pereira
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Unit, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (J.M.A.-P.); (D.P.)
| | - David Pires
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Unit, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (J.M.A.-P.); (D.P.)
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health, Católica Medical School, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Estrada Octávio Pato, 2635-631 Rio de Mouro, Portugal
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5
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Smits HH, Jochems SP. Diverging patterns in innate immunity against respiratory viruses during a lifetime: lessons from the young and the old. Eur Respir Rev 2024; 33:230266. [PMID: 39009407 PMCID: PMC11262623 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0266-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Respiratory viral infections frequently lead to severe respiratory disease, particularly in vulnerable populations such as young children, individuals with chronic lung conditions and older adults, resulting in hospitalisation and, in some cases, fatalities. The innate immune system plays a crucial role in monitoring for, and initiating responses to, viruses, maintaining a state of preparedness through the constant expression of antimicrobial defence molecules. Throughout the course of infection, innate immunity remains actively involved, contributing to viral clearance and damage control, with pivotal contributions from airway epithelial cells and resident and newly recruited immune cells. In instances where viral infections persist or are not effectively eliminated, innate immune components prominently contribute to the resulting pathophysiological consequences. Even though both young children and older adults are susceptible to severe respiratory disease caused by various respiratory viruses, the underlying mechanisms may differ significantly. Children face the challenge of developing and maturing their immunity, while older adults contend with issues such as immune senescence and inflammaging. This review aims to compare the innate immune responses in respiratory viral infections across both age groups, identifying common central hubs that could serve as promising targets for innovative therapeutic and preventive strategies, despite the apparent differences in underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermelijn H Smits
- Leiden University Center of Infectious Disease (LU-CID), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Simon P Jochems
- Leiden University Center of Infectious Disease (LU-CID), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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6
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Martins LR, Sieverling L, Michelhans M, Schiller C, Erkut C, Grünewald TGP, Triana S, Fröhling S, Velten L, Glimm H, Scholl C. Single-cell division tracing and transcriptomics reveal cell types and differentiation paths in the regenerating lung. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2246. [PMID: 38472236 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46469-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the molecular and cellular processes involved in lung epithelial regeneration may fuel the development of therapeutic approaches for lung diseases. We combine mouse models allowing diphtheria toxin-mediated damage of specific epithelial cell types and parallel GFP-labeling of functionally dividing cells with single-cell transcriptomics to characterize the regeneration of the distal lung. We uncover cell types, including Krt13+ basal and Krt15+ club cells, detect an intermediate cell state between basal and goblet cells, reveal goblet cells as actively dividing progenitor cells, and provide evidence that adventitial fibroblasts act as supporting cells in epithelial regeneration. We also show that diphtheria toxin-expressing cells can persist in the lung, express specific inflammatory factors, and transcriptionally resemble a previously undescribed population in the lungs of COVID-19 patients. Our study provides a comprehensive single-cell atlas of the distal lung that characterizes early transcriptional and cellular responses to concise epithelial injury, encompassing proliferation, differentiation, and cell-to-cell interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila R Martins
- Division of Applied Functional Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), NCT Heidelberg, a partnership between DKFZ and Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Lina Sieverling
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), NCT Heidelberg, a partnership between DKFZ and Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Translational Medical Oncology, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michelle Michelhans
- Division of Applied Functional Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), NCT Heidelberg, a partnership between DKFZ and Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Translational Medical Oncology, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Chiara Schiller
- Division of Applied Functional Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), NCT Heidelberg, a partnership between DKFZ and Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital and Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Cihan Erkut
- Division of Applied Functional Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), NCT Heidelberg, a partnership between DKFZ and Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas G P Grünewald
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), NCT Heidelberg, a partnership between DKFZ and Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Translational Pediatric Sarcoma Research, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sergio Triana
- Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Medical Engineering and Sciences (IMES), and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, USA
| | - Stefan Fröhling
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), NCT Heidelberg, a partnership between DKFZ and Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Translational Medical Oncology, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lars Velten
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hanno Glimm
- Department for Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases Dresden (NCT/UCC), a partnership between DKFZ, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
- Translational Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Translational Functional Cancer Genomics, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
- DKTK, partner site Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Claudia Scholl
- Division of Applied Functional Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), NCT Heidelberg, a partnership between DKFZ and Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Greville G, Cremen S, O'Neill S, Azarian S, Brady G, McCormack W, Dyer AH, Bourke NM, Touzelet O, Courtney D, Power UF, Dowling P, Gallagher TK, Bamford CGG, Robinson MW. Type 1 interferon auto-antibodies are elevated in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis. Clin Exp Immunol 2024; 215:177-189. [PMID: 37917972 PMCID: PMC10847822 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxad119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis, in particular those classified as Childs-Pugh class C, are at increased risk of severe coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) upon infection with severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The biological mechanisms underlying this are unknown. We aimed to examine the levels of serum intrinsic antiviral proteins as well as alterations in the innate antiviral immune response in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis. Serum from 53 SARS-CoV-2 unexposed and unvaccinated individuals, with decompensated liver cirrhosis undergoing assessment for liver transplantation, were screened using SARS-CoV-2 pseudoparticle and SARS-CoV-2 virus assays. The ability of serum to inhibit interferon (IFN) signalling was assessed using a cell-based reporter assay. Severity of liver disease was assessed using two clinical scoring systems, the Child-Pugh class and the MELD-Na score. In the presence of serum from SARS-CoV-2 unexposed patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis there was no association between SARS-CoV-2 pseudoparticle infection or live SARS-CoV-2 virus infection and severity of liver disease. Type I IFNs are a key component of the innate antiviral response. Serum from patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis contained elevated levels of auto-antibodies capable of binding IFN-α2b compared to healthy controls. High MELD-Na scores were associated with the ability of these auto-antibodies to neutralize type I IFN signalling by IFN-α2b but not IFN-β1a. Our results demonstrate that neutralizing auto-antibodies targeting IFN-α2b are increased in patients with high MELD-Na scores. The presence of neutralizing type I IFN-specific auto-antibodies may increase the likelihood of viral infections, including severe COVID-19, in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon Greville
- Department of Biology, Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Sinead Cremen
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Shauna O'Neill
- Department of Biology, Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Sarah Azarian
- Department of Biology, Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Gareth Brady
- Discipline of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - William McCormack
- Discipline of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Adam H Dyer
- Discipline of Medical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nollaig M Bourke
- Discipline of Medical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Olivier Touzelet
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - David Courtney
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Ultan F Power
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Paul Dowling
- Department of Biology, Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Tom K Gallagher
- Department of Hepatopancreaticobiliary and Transplant Surgery, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Connor G G Bamford
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute for Global Food Security (IGFS), Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Mark W Robinson
- Department of Biology, Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
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Zheng G, Qiu G, Qian H, Shu Q, Xu J. Multifaceted role of SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins in lung injury. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1332440. [PMID: 38375473 PMCID: PMC10875085 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1332440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the third human coronavirus to cause acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and contains four structural proteins: spike, envelope, membrane, and nucleocapsid. An increasing number of studies have demonstrated that all four structural proteins of SARS-CoV-2 are capable of causing lung injury, even without the presence of intact virus. Therefore, the topic of SARS-CoV-2 structural protein-evoked lung injury warrants more attention. In the current article, we first synopsize the structural features of SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins. Second, we discuss the mechanisms for structural protein-induced inflammatory responses in vitro. Finally, we list the findings that indicate structural proteins themselves are toxic and sufficient to induce lung injury in vivo. Recognizing mechanisms of lung injury triggered by SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins may facilitate the development of targeted modalities in treating COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guanguan Qiu
- Shaoxing Second Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huifeng Qian
- Shaoxing Second Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiang Shu
- The Children’s Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianguo Xu
- Shaoxing Second Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
- The Children’s Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Li W, Wang X, Chen Y, Ding Y, Ling X, Yuan B, Tao J. Luteolin-7-O-glucoside promotes macrophage release of IFN-β by maintaining mitochondrial function and corrects the disorder of glucose metabolism during RSV infection. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 963:176271. [PMID: 38113965 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) pneumonia is the main cause of acute bronchiolitis in infants. Luteolin-7-O-glucoside (LUT-7G) is a natural flavonoid, which exists in a variety of plants and has the potential to treat viral pneumonia. We established RSV pneumonia mouse models and RSV-infected cell models. Clodronate liposomes were used to deplete macrophages. We used HE staining and immunohistochemistry to determine inflammatory damage and virus replication. We detected the expression levels of inflammatory factors and IFN-β through qPCR and ELISA. JC-1 kit was used for detecting the cell mitochondrial Membrane potential (MMP). ROS, SOD, and MDA kits were used for detecting intracellular oxidative stress damage. Metabolites of TCA in lung tissue and serum of mice were detected by GC-MS. Pharmacodynamic studies have shown that intervention with LUT-7G can alleviate lung tissue damage caused by RSV infection, inhibit RSV replication, and downregulate TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 mRNA expression. LUT-7G upregulated the IFN-β content and the expression of IFN-β, ISG15, and OAS1 mRNA. In vitro, LUT-7G inhibited RSV-induced cell death, reversed the RSV-induced decrease of MMP and decreased intracellular oxidative stress. Target metabonomics showed that RSV infection upregulated the levels of glycolysis and TCA metabolites in lung tissue and serum, while LUT-7G could improve the disorder of glucose metabolism. The results indicate that LUT-7G can promote the release of IFN-β in the lung, alleviate inflammatory damage, and inhibit RSV replication during RSV infection. These effects may be achieved by protecting the mitochondrial function of alveolar macrophages and correcting the disorder of glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Nanjing, 210023, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Paediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Paediatrics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Xuan Wang
- Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, 224000, China; Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Yanzhen Chen
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Oncology Department, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Yali Ding
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Nanjing, 210023, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Paediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Paediatrics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Xiaoyin Ling
- Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226000, China.
| | - Bin Yuan
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Jialei Tao
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Zhang X, Bradford B, Baweja S, Tan T, Lee HW, Jose CC, Kim N, Katari M, Cuddapah S. Nickel-induced transcriptional memory in lung epithelial cells promotes interferon signaling upon nicotine exposure. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 481:116753. [PMID: 37951547 PMCID: PMC11065478 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to nickel, an environmental respiratory toxicant, is associated with lung diseases including asthma, pulmonary fibrosis, bronchitis and cancers. Our previous studies have shown that a majority of the nickel-induced transcriptional changes are persistent and do not reverse even after the termination of exposure. This suggested transcriptional memory, wherein the cell 'remembers' past nickel exposure. Transcriptional memory, due to which the cells respond more robustly to a previously encountered stimulus has been identified in a number of organisms. Therefore, transcriptional memory has been described as an adaptive mechanism. However, transcriptional memory caused by environmental toxicant exposures has not been well investigated. Moreover, how the transcriptional memory caused by an environmental toxicant might influence the outcome of exposure to a second toxicant has not been explored. In this study, we investigated whether nickel-induced transcriptional memory influences the outcome of the cell's response to a second respiratory toxicant, nicotine. Nicotine, an addictive compound in tobacco, is associated with the development of chronic lung diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and pulmonary fibrosis. Our results show that nicotine exposure upregulated a subset of genes only in the cells previously exposed to nickel. Furthermore, our analyses indicate robust activation of interferon (IFN) signaling in these cells. IFN signaling is a driver of inflammation, which is associated with many chronic lung diseases. Therefore, our results suggest that nicotine exposure of lung cells that retain the transcriptional memory of previous nickel exposure could result in increased susceptibility to developing chronic inflammatory lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoru Zhang
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Beatrix Bradford
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Sahdev Baweja
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA; Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Taotao Tan
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Hyun-Wook Lee
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Cynthia C Jose
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Nicholas Kim
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Manpreet Katari
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA.
| | - Suresh Cuddapah
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA.
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Hilligan KL, Namasivayam S, Clancy CS, Baker PJ, Old SI, Peluf V, Amaral EP, Oland SD, O'Mard D, Laux J, Cohen M, Garza NL, Lafont BAP, Johnson RF, Feng CG, Jankovic D, Lamiable O, Mayer-Barber KD, Sher A. Bacterial-induced or passively administered interferon gamma conditions the lung for early control of SARS-CoV-2. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8229. [PMID: 38086794 PMCID: PMC10716133 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43447-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Type-1 and type-3 interferons (IFNs) are important for control of viral replication; however, less is known about the role of Type-2 IFN (IFNγ) in anti-viral immunity. We previously observed that lung infection with Mycobacterium bovis BCG achieved though intravenous (iv) administration provides strong protection against SARS-CoV-2 in mice yet drives low levels of type-1 IFNs but robust IFNγ. Here we examine the role of ongoing IFNγ responses to pre-established bacterial infection on SARS-CoV-2 disease outcomes in two murine models. We report that IFNγ is required for iv BCG induced reduction in pulmonary viral loads, an outcome dependent on IFNγ receptor expression by non-hematopoietic cells. Importantly, we show that BCG infection prompts pulmonary epithelial cells to upregulate IFN-stimulated genes with reported anti-viral activity in an IFNγ-dependent manner, suggesting a possible mechanism for the observed protection. Finally, we confirm the anti-viral properties of IFNγ by demonstrating that the recombinant cytokine itself provides strong protection against SARS-CoV-2 challenge when administered intranasally. Together, our data show that a pre-established IFNγ response within the lung is protective against SARS-CoV-2 infection, suggesting that concurrent or recent infections that drive IFNγ may limit the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and supporting possible prophylactic uses of IFNγ in COVID-19 management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry L Hilligan
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, 6012, New Zealand.
| | - Sivaranjani Namasivayam
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Chad S Clancy
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, 59840, USA
| | - Paul J Baker
- Inflammation and Innate Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Samuel I Old
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, 6012, New Zealand
| | - Victoria Peluf
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Immunoparasitology Unit, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Eduardo P Amaral
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Sandra D Oland
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Danielle O'Mard
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Julie Laux
- Flow Cytometry Section, Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Melanie Cohen
- Flow Cytometry Section, Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Nicole L Garza
- SARS-CoV2- Virology Core, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Bernard A P Lafont
- SARS-CoV2- Virology Core, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Reed F Johnson
- SARS-CoV2- Virology Core, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Carl G Feng
- Immunology and Host Defense Group, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Dragana Jankovic
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Immunoparasitology Unit, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Olivier Lamiable
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, 6012, New Zealand
| | - Katrin D Mayer-Barber
- Inflammation and Innate Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Alan Sher
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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12
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Herrera-De La Mata S, Ramírez-Suástegui C, Mistry H, Castañeda-Castro FE, Kyyaly MA, Simon H, Liang S, Lau L, Barber C, Mondal M, Zhang H, Arshad SH, Kurukulaaratchy RJ, Vijayanand P, Seumois G. Cytotoxic CD4 + tissue-resident memory T cells are associated with asthma severity. MED 2023; 4:875-897.e8. [PMID: 37865091 PMCID: PMC10964988 DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2023.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with severe uncontrolled asthma represent a distinct endotype with persistent airway inflammation and remodeling that is refractory to corticosteroid treatment. CD4+ TH2 cells play a central role in orchestrating asthma pathogenesis, and biologic therapies targeting their cytokine pathways have had promising outcomes. However, not all patients respond well to such treatment, and their effects are not always durable nor reverse airway remodeling. This observation raises the possibility that other CD4+ T cell subsets and their effector molecules may drive airway inflammation and remodeling. METHODS We performed single-cell transcriptome analysis of >50,000 airway CD4+ T cells isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage samples from 30 patients with mild and severe asthma. FINDINGS We observed striking heterogeneity in the nature of CD4+ T cells present in asthmatics' airways, with tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells making a dominant contribution. Notably, in severe asthmatics, a subset of CD4+ TRM cells (CD103-expressing) was significantly increased, comprising nearly 65% of all CD4+ T cells in the airways of male patients with severe asthma when compared to mild asthma (13%). This subset was enriched for transcripts linked to T cell receptor activation (HLA-DRB1, HLA-DPA1) and cytotoxicity (GZMB, GZMA) and, following stimulation, expressed high levels of transcripts encoding for pro-inflammatory non-TH2 cytokines (CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, TNF, LIGHT) that could fuel persistent airway inflammation and remodeling. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate the need to look beyond the traditional T2 model of severe asthma to better understand the heterogeneity of this disease. FUNDING This research was funded by the NIH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Heena Mistry
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; The David Hide Asthma and Allergy Research Centre, St. Mary's Hospital, Newport PO30 5TG, Isle of Wight, UK
| | | | - Mohammad A Kyyaly
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; The David Hide Asthma and Allergy Research Centre, St. Mary's Hospital, Newport PO30 5TG, Isle of Wight, UK
| | - Hayley Simon
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Shu Liang
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Laurie Lau
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Clair Barber
- National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | | | - Hongmei Zhang
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Syed Hasan Arshad
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; The David Hide Asthma and Allergy Research Centre, St. Mary's Hospital, Newport PO30 5TG, Isle of Wight, UK
| | - Ramesh J Kurukulaaratchy
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; The David Hide Asthma and Allergy Research Centre, St. Mary's Hospital, Newport PO30 5TG, Isle of Wight, UK.
| | - Pandurangan Vijayanand
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK.
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13
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Tran AT, Truong AD, Nguyen DTK, Nguyen HT, Nguyen TT, Tran HTT, Dang HV. Biological properties and diverse cytokine profiles followed by in vitro and in vivo infections with LSDV strain isolated in first outbreaks in Vietnam. Vet Res Commun 2023; 47:2005-2016. [PMID: 37382734 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10158-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Preliminary information about LSD virus isolated from the first outbreaks in Vietnam has been reported by our laboratory. In the current study, LSDV strain, LSDV/Vietnam/Langson/HL01(HL01) was further analyzed to provide a better understanding of this viral pathogen. HL01 LSDV strain was propagated at MOI 0.01 in MDBK cells and then given to cattle at dose of 106.5 TCID50/ml (2ml/animal). The production of proinflammatory (IFN-γ, IL-1α, and TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory (IL-6, IL-10, and TGF-ß1) cytokines were measured by real-time PCR, both In vitro and In vivo. The results demonstrated that HL01 strain caused the typical signs of LSD and LSDV In vitro and In vivo, respectively suggesting a virulent field LSDV strain. Additionally, different cytokine profiles were observed in these In vitro and In vivo studies. In MDBK cells, different cytokines profiles were observed in two phases: in the early phase, the expression levels of all examined cytokines were significantly increased at 6 h (p < 0.05). In the later phase, the peak levels of the cytokine secretion were recognized from 72 to 96 h, with the exception of IL-1α when compared to controls. In cattle, the expression levels of all six cytokines were significantly higher at day 7 following LSDV challenge (p < 0.05) when compared to controls, especially expression levels of TGF-β1 and IL-10. These findings suggest the important roles of these cytokines in protection against LSDV infections. Additionally, the data from diverse cytokine profiles followed by this LSDV strain challenge provides key understanding of the underlying cellular immune mechanisms in the host against LSDV infection In vitro and In vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh Tuan Tran
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, National Institute of Veterinary Research, 86 Truong Chinh, Dong Da, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
- Nghe An, Regional Animal Health Office (RAHO3), Vinh City, Vietnam
| | - Anh Duc Truong
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, National Institute of Veterinary Research, 86 Truong Chinh, Dong Da, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
| | - Dung Thi Kim Nguyen
- National Veterinary Joint Stock Company (VETVACO), Km 18, National Highway 32, Duc Thuong Commune, Hoai Duc District, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
| | - Hung Tuan Nguyen
- National Veterinary Joint Stock Company (VETVACO), Km 18, National Highway 32, Duc Thuong Commune, Hoai Duc District, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
| | - Thanh Thuy Nguyen
- Department of Electron Microscopy, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
| | - Ha Thi Thanh Tran
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, National Institute of Veterinary Research, 86 Truong Chinh, Dong Da, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam.
| | - Hoang Vu Dang
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, National Institute of Veterinary Research, 86 Truong Chinh, Dong Da, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam.
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14
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Santos J, Wang P, Shemesh A, Liu F, Tsao T, Aguilar OA, Cleary SJ, Singer JP, Gao Y, Hays SR, Golden JA, Leard L, Kleinhenz ME, Kolaitis NA, Shah R, Venado A, Kukreja J, Weigt SS, Belperio JA, Lanier LL, Looney MR, Greenland JR, Calabrese DR. CCR5 drives NK cell-associated airway damage in pulmonary ischemia-reperfusion injury. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e173716. [PMID: 37788115 PMCID: PMC10721259 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.173716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary graft dysfunction (PGD) limits clinical benefit after lung transplantation, a life-prolonging therapy for patients with end-stage disease. PGD is the clinical syndrome resulting from pulmonary ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), driven by innate immune inflammation. We recently demonstrated a key role for NK cells in the airways of mouse models and human tissue samples of IRI. Here, we used 2 mouse models paired with human lung transplant samples to investigate the mechanisms whereby NK cells migrate to the airways to mediate lung injury. We demonstrate that chemokine receptor ligand transcripts and proteins are increased in mouse and human disease. CCR5 ligand transcripts were correlated with NK cell gene signatures independently of NK cell CCR5 ligand secretion. NK cells expressing CCR5 were increased in the lung and airways during IRI and had increased markers of tissue residency and maturation. Allosteric CCR5 drug blockade reduced the migration of NK cells to the site of injury. CCR5 blockade also blunted quantitative measures of experimental IRI. Additionally, in human lung transplant bronchoalveolar lavage samples, we found that CCR5 ligand was associated with increased patient morbidity and that the CCR5 receptor was increased in expression on human NK cells following PGD. These data support a potential mechanism for NK cell migration during lung injury and identify a plausible preventative treatment for PGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Santos
- Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Surgery, UCSF - East Bay, Oakland, California, USA
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Avishai Shemesh
- Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Fengchun Liu
- Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Tasha Tsao
- Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Simon J. Cleary
- Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Ying Gao
- Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Steven R. Hays
- Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Lorriana Leard
- Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | | | - Rupal Shah
- Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Aida Venado
- Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - S. Sam Weigt
- Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Lewis L. Lanier
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and
| | - Mark R. Looney
- Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - John R. Greenland
- Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
- Medical Service, Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Daniel R. Calabrese
- Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
- Medical Service, Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, California, USA
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15
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Volpe S, Irish J, Palumbo S, Lee E, Herbert J, Ramadan I, Chang EH. Viral infections and chronic rhinosinusitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 152:819-826. [PMID: 37574080 PMCID: PMC10592176 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Viral infections are the most common cause of upper respiratory infections; they frequently infect adults once or twice and children 6 to 8 times annually. In most cases, these infections are self-limiting and resolve. However, many patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) relay that their initiating event began with an upper respiratory infection that progressed in both symptom severity and duration. Viruses bind to sinonasal epithelia through specific receptors, thereby entering cells and replicating within them. Viral infections stimulate interferon-mediated innate immune responses. Recent studies suggest that viral infections may also induce type 2 immune responses and stimulate the aberrant production of cytokines that can result in loss of barrier function, which is a hallmark in CRS. The main purpose of this review will be to highlight common viruses and their associated binding receptors and highlight pathophysiologic mechanisms associated with alterations in mucociliary clearance, epithelial barrier function, and dysfunctional immune responses that might lead to a further understanding of the pathogenesis of CRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Volpe
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz
| | - Joseph Irish
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz
| | - Sunny Palumbo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz
| | - Eric Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz
| | - Jacob Herbert
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz
| | - Ibrahim Ramadan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz
| | - Eugene H Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz.
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16
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Giacalone VD, Giraldo DM, Silva GL, Hosten J, Peng L, Guglani L, Tirouvanziam R. Pulmonary exacerbations in early cystic fibrosis lung disease are marked by strong modulation of CD3 and PD-1 on luminal T cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1194253. [PMID: 37809107 PMCID: PMC10551126 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1194253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In chronic cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease, neutrophilic inflammation and T-cell inhibition occur concomitantly, partly due to neutrophil-mediated release of the T-cell inhibitory enzyme Arg1. However, the onset of this tonic inhibition of T cells, and the impact of pulmonary exacerbations (PEs) on this process, remain unknown. Methods Children with CF aged 0-5 years were enrolled in a longitudinal, single-center cohort study. Blood (n = 35) and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid (n = 18) were collected at stable outpatient clinic visits or inpatient PE hospitalizations and analyzed by flow cytometry (for immune cell presence and phenotype) and 20-plex chemiluminescence assay (for immune mediators). Patients were categorized by PE history into (i) no prior PE, (ii) past history of PE prior to stable visit, or (iii) current PE. Results PEs were associated with increased concentration of both pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators in BAL, and increased neutrophil frequency and G-CSF in circulation. PE BAL samples showed a trend toward an increased frequency of hyperexocytic "GRIM" neutrophils, which we previously identified in chronic CF. Interestingly, expression levels of the T-cell receptor associated molecule CD3 and of the inhibitory programmed death-1 (PD-1) receptor were respectively decreased and increased on T cells from BAL compared to blood in all patients. When categorized by PE status, CD3 and PD-1 expression on blood T cells did not differ among patients, while CD3 expression was decreased, and PD-1 expression was increased on BAL T cells from patients with current PE. Conclusions Our findings suggest that airway T cells are engaged during early-life PEs, prior to the onset of chronic neutrophilic inflammation in CF. In addition, increased blood neutrophil frequency and a trend toward increased BAL frequency of hyperexocytic neutrophils suggest that childhood PEs may progressively shift the balance of CF airway immunity towards neutrophil dominance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent D. Giacalone
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Center for CF and Airways Disease Research, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Diego Moncada Giraldo
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Center for CF and Airways Disease Research, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - George L. Silva
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Center for CF and Airways Disease Research, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Justin Hosten
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Limin Peng
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Lokesh Guglani
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Center for CF and Airways Disease Research, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Rabindra Tirouvanziam
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Center for CF and Airways Disease Research, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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17
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Li H, Wang A, Zhang Y, Wei F. Diverse roles of lung macrophages in the immune response to influenza A virus. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1260543. [PMID: 37779697 PMCID: PMC10534047 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1260543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza viruses are one of the major causes of human respiratory infections and the newly emerging and re-emerging strains of influenza virus are the cause of seasonal epidemics and occasional pandemics, resulting in a huge threat to global public health systems. As one of the early immune cells can rapidly recognize and respond to influenza viruses in the respiratory, lung macrophages play an important role in controlling the severity of influenza disease by limiting viral replication, modulating the local inflammatory response, and initiating subsequent adaptive immune responses. However, influenza virus reproduction in macrophages is both strain- and macrophage type-dependent, and ineffective replication of some viral strains in mouse macrophages has been observed. This review discusses the function of lung macrophages in influenza virus infection in order to better understand the pathogenesis of the influenza virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoning Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Aoxue Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yuying Zhang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Fanhua Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
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18
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Prakash S. mRNA-Based Nanomedicine: A New Strategy for Treating Infectious Diseases and Beyond. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2023; 48:515-529. [PMID: 37656402 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-023-00849-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Messenger RNA (mRNA) has emerged as a new therapeutic agent for the prevention and treatment of a wide range of diseases. The recent achievement of the two lipid nanoparticle-mRNA vaccines developed by Moderna and Pfizer-BioNTech against coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) disease in record time highlights the huge potential of mRNA technology and reshaping the landscape of vaccine development and the future of gene therapies. Challenges related to translational efficacy, mRNA stability, immunogenicity, and ensuring the quality of final products have been significantly improved by recent advancements in mRNA engineering and delivery. Thus, the present review aims to provide the latest innovations that incrementally overcome these issues and future directions in the context of ongoing clinical trials against infectious diseases and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyendra Prakash
- Centre of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India.
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19
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Zhao Q, Zhang R, Qiao C, Miao Y, Yuan Y, Zheng H. Ubiquitination network in the type I IFN-induced antiviral signaling pathway. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2350384. [PMID: 37194705 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Type I IFN (IFN-I) is the body's first line of defense against pathogen infection. IFN-I can induce cellular antiviral responses and therefore plays a key role in driving antiviral innate and adaptive immunity. Canonical IFN-I signaling activates the Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway, which induces the expression of IFN-stimulated genes and eventually establishes a complex antiviral state in the cells. Ubiquitin is a ubiquitous cellular molecule for protein modifications, and the ubiquitination modifications of protein have been recognized as one of the key modifications that regulate protein levels and/or signaling activation. Despite great advances in understanding the ubiquitination regulation of many signaling pathways, the mechanisms by which protein ubiquitination regulates IFN-I-induced antiviral signaling have not been explored until very recently. This review details the current understanding of the regulatory network of ubiquitination that critically controls the IFN-I-induced antiviral signaling pathway from three main levels, including IFN-I receptors, IFN-I-induced cascade signals, and effector IFN-stimulated genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhao
- International Institute of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Renxia Zhang
- International Institute of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Caixia Qiao
- International Institute of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ying Miao
- International Institute of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yukang Yuan
- International Institute of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hui Zheng
- International Institute of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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20
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Pillai S, Du L, Deiter F, Bouzidi M, Billaud JN, Graham S, Prerna D, Selvarajah S, Lingappa A, Michon M, Yu S, Paulvannan K, Lingappa V, Boushey H, Greenland J. A Novel Viral Assembly Inhibitor Blocks SARS-CoV-2 Replication in Airway Epithelial Cells. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2887435. [PMID: 37292622 PMCID: PMC10246244 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2887435/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The ongoing evolution of SARS-CoV-2 to evade vaccines and therapeutics underlines the need for novel therapies with high genetic barriers to resistance. The small molecule PAV-104, identified through a cell-free protein synthesis and assembly screen, was recently shown to target host protein assembly machinery in a manner specific to viral assembly. Here, we investigated the capacity of PAV-104 to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication in human airway epithelial cells (AECs). Our data demonstrate that PAV-104 inhibited > 99% of infection with diverse SARS-CoV-2 variants in primary and immortalized human AECs. PAV-104 suppressed SARS-CoV-2 production without affecting viral entry or protein synthesis. PAV-104 interacted with SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) and interfered with its oligomerization, blocking particle assembly. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that PAV-104 reversed SARS-CoV-2 induction of the Type-I interferon response and the 'maturation of nucleoprotein' signaling pathway known to support coronavirus replication. Our findings suggest that PAV-104 is a promising therapeutic candidate for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Li Du
- Vitalant Research Institute/UCSF
| | - Fred Deiter
- Veterans Administration Health Care System/UCSF
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21
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Silva PL, Cruz FF, Martins CM, Herrmann J, Gerard SE, Xin Y, Cereda M, Ball L, Pelosi P, Rocco PRM. A specific combination of laboratory data is associated with overweight lungs in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia at hospital admission: secondary cross-sectional analysis of a randomized clinical trial. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1137784. [PMID: 37261117 PMCID: PMC10228825 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1137784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lung weight may be measured with quantitative chest computed tomography (CT) in patients with COVID-19 to characterize the severity of pulmonary edema and assess prognosis. However, this quantitative analysis is often not accessible, which led to the hypothesis that specific laboratory data may help identify overweight lungs. Methods This cross-sectional study was a secondary analysis of data from SARITA2, a randomized clinical trial comparing nitazoxanide and placebo in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Adult patients (≥18 years) requiring supplemental oxygen due to COVID-19 pneumonia were enrolled between April 20 and October 15, 2020, in 19 hospitals in Brazil. The weight of the lungs as well as laboratory data [hemoglobin, leukocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, C-reactive protein, D-dimer, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and ferritin] and 47 additional specific blood biomarkers were assessed. Results Ninety-three patients were included in the study: 46 patients presented with underweight lungs (defined by ≤0% of excess lung weight) and 47 patients presented with overweight lungs (>0% of excess lung weight). Leukocytes, neutrophils, D-dimer, and LDH were higher in patients with overweight lungs. Among the 47 blood biomarkers investigated, interferon alpha 2 protein was higher and leukocyte inhibitory factor was lower in patients with overweight lungs. According to CombiROC analysis, the combinations of D-dimer/LDH/leukocytes, D-dimer/LDH/neutrophils, and D-dimer/LDH/leukocytes/neutrophils achieved the highest area under the curve with the best accuracy to detect overweight lungs. Conclusion The combinations of these specific laboratory data: D-dimer/LDH/leukocytes or D-dimer/LDH/neutrophils or D-dimer/LDH/leukocytes/neutrophils were the best predictors of overweight lungs in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia at hospital admission. Clinical trial registration Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (REBEC) number RBR-88bs9x and ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT04561219.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro L. Silva
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda F. Cruz
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Jacob Herrmann
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Sarah E. Gerard
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Yi Xin
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Maurizio Cereda
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lorenzo Ball
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paolo Pelosi
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, Genoa, Italy
| | - Patricia R. M. Rocco
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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22
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Wilder CL, Lefaudeux D, Mathenge R, Kishimoto K, Zuniga Munoz A, Nguyen MA, Meyer AS, Cheng QJ, Hoffmann A. A stimulus-contingent positive feedback loop enables IFN-β dose-dependent activation of pro-inflammatory genes. Mol Syst Biol 2023; 19:e11294. [PMID: 36929731 PMCID: PMC10167482 DOI: 10.15252/msb.202211294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFN) induce powerful antiviral and innate immune responses via the transcription factor, IFN-stimulated gene factor (ISGF3). However, in some pathological contexts, type I IFNs are responsible for exacerbating inflammation. Here, we show that a high dose of IFN-β also activates an inflammatory gene expression program in contrast to IFN-λ3, a type III IFN, which elicits only the common antiviral gene program. We show that the inflammatory gene program depends on a second, potentiated phase in ISGF3 activation. Iterating between mathematical modeling and experimental analysis, we show that the ISGF3 activation network may engage a positive feedback loop with its subunits IRF9 and STAT2. This network motif mediates stimulus-specific ISGF3 dynamics that are dependent on ligand, dose, and duration of exposure, and when engaged activates the inflammatory gene expression program. Our results reveal a previously underappreciated dynamical control of the JAK-STAT/IRF signaling network that may produce distinct biological responses and suggest that studies of type I IFN dysregulation, and in turn therapeutic remedies, may focus on feedback regulators within it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catera L Wilder
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
- Present address:
Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic SciencesUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Diane Lefaudeux
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
- Present address:
Novadiscovery S.A.LyonFrance
| | - Raisa Mathenge
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
- Present address:
Division of RheumatologyUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Kensei Kishimoto
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
- Present address:
Department of Molecular, Cell, and Cancer BiologyUniversity of Massachusetts Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMAUSA
| | - Alma Zuniga Munoz
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
- Present address:
Department of Physiology and BiophysicsUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Minh A Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
- Present address:
Division of Genetics and Genomics, Department of PediatricsBoston Children's HospitalBostonMAUSA
| | - Aaron S Meyer
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Quen J Cheng
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Alexander Hoffmann
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
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23
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Wang X, Guan F, Miller H, Byazrova MG, Cndotti F, Benlagha K, Camara NOS, Lei J, Filatov A, Liu C. The role of dendritic cells in COVID-19 infection. Emerg Microbes Infect 2023; 12:2195019. [PMID: 36946172 PMCID: PMC10171120 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2195019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
The persistent pandemic of coronavirus disease in 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) currently poses a major infectious threat to public health around the world. COVID-19 is an infectious disease characterized by strong induction of inflammatory cytokines, progressive lung inflammation, and potential multiple organ dysfunction. SARS-CoV-2 infection is closely related to the innate immune system and adaptive immune system. Dendritic cells (DCs), as a "bridge" connecting innate immunity and adaptive immunity, play many important roles in viral diseases. In this review, we will pay special attention to the possible mechanism of dendritic cells in human viral transmission and clinical progression of diseases, as well as the reduction and dysfunction of DCs in severe SARS-CoV-2 infection, so as to understand the mechanism and immunological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuying Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fei Guan
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Heather Miller
- Cytek Biosciences, R&D Clinical Reagents, Fremont, CA, United States
| | - Maria G Byazrova
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, National Research Center Institute of Immunology, Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia, 115522, Moscow, Russia
| | - Fabio Cndotti
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kamel Benlagha
- Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Niels Olsen Saraiva Camara
- Laboratory of Human Immunology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo - SP, Brazil
| | - Jiahui Lei
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Alexander Filatov
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, National Research Center Institute of Immunology, Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia, 115522, Moscow, Russia
| | - Chaohong Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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24
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Severe COVID-19 patients have impaired plasmacytoid dendritic cell-mediated control of SARS-CoV-2. Nat Commun 2023; 14:694. [PMID: 36755036 PMCID: PMC9907212 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36140-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Type I and III interferons (IFN-I/λ) are important antiviral mediators against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here, we demonstrate that plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) are the predominant IFN-I/λ source following their sensing of SARS-CoV-2-infected cells. Mechanistically, this short-range sensing by pDCs requires sustained integrin-mediated cell adhesion with infected cells. In turn, pDCs restrict viral spread by an IFN-I/λ response directed toward SARS-CoV-2-infected cells. This specialized function enables pDCs to efficiently turn-off viral replication, likely via a local response at the contact site with infected cells. By exploring the pDC response in SARS-CoV-2 patients, we further demonstrate that pDC responsiveness inversely correlates with the severity of the disease. The pDC response is particularly impaired in severe COVID-19 patients. Overall, we propose that pDC activation is essential to control SARS-CoV-2-infection. Failure to develop this response could be important to understand severe cases of COVID-19.
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25
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Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are key regulators of both innate and adaptive immunity via varied functions, including cytokine production and antigen presentation. Plasmacytoid DC (pDC) is a DC subset specialized in the production of type I and III interferons (IFNs). They are thus pivotal players of the host antiviral response during the acute phase of infection by genetically distant viruses. The pDC response is primarily triggered by the endolysosomal sensors Toll-like receptors, which recognize nucleic acids from pathogens. In some pathologic contexts, pDC response can also be triggered by host nucleic acids, hereby contributing to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, such as, e.g., systemic lupus erythematosus. Importantly, recent in vitro studies from our laboratory and others uncovered that pDCs sense viral infections when a physical contact is established with infected cells. This specialized synapse-like feature enables a robust type I and III IFN secretion at the infected site. Therefore, this concentrated and confined response likely limits the correlated deleterious impacts of excessive cytokine production to the host, notably due to tissue damages. Here we provide a pipeline of methods for ex vivo studies of pDC antiviral functions, designed to address how pDC activation is regulated by cell-cell contact with virally infected cells and the current approaches enabling to decipher the underlying molecular events leading to an efficient antiviral response.
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26
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Casas-Aparicio G, Alvarado-de la Barrera C, Escamilla-Illescas D, León-Rodríguez I, Del Río-Estrada PM, González-Navarro M, Calderón-Dávila N, Olmedo-Ocampo R, Castillejos-López M, Figueroa-Hernández L, Peralta-Prado AB, Luna-Villalobos Y, Piten-Isidro E, Fernández-Campos P, Juárez-Díaz A, Piekarska K, Ávila-Ríos S. Longitudinal Analysis of Urinary Cytokines and Biomarkers in COVID-19 Patients with Subclinical Acute Kidney Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315419. [PMID: 36499745 PMCID: PMC9737068 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In hospitalized COVID-19 patients, disease progression leading to acute kidney injury (AKI) may be driven by immune dysregulation. We explored the role of urinary cytokines and their relationship with kidney stress biomarkers in COVID-19 patients before and after the development of AKI. Of 51 patients, 54.9% developed AKI. The principal component analysis indicated that in subclinical AKI, epidermal growth factor (EGF) and interferon (IFN)-α were associated with a lower risk of AKI, while interleukin-12 (IL-12) and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1β were associated with a higher risk of AKI. After the manifestation of AKI, EGF and IFN-α remained associated with a lower risk of AKI, while IL-1 receptor (IL-1R), granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), interferon-gamma-inducible protein 10 (IP-10) and IL-5 were associated with a higher risk of AKI. EGF had an inverse correlation with kidney stress biomarkers. Subclinical AKI was characterized by a significant up-regulation of kidney stress biomarkers and proinflammatory cytokines. The lack of EGF regenerative effects and IFN-α antiviral activity seemed crucial for renal disease progression. AKI involved a proinflammatory urinary cytokine storm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Casas-Aparicio
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Col. Sección XVI, Ciudad de Mexico 14080, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-55-51-71-47-18 (ext. 150)
| | - Claudia Alvarado-de la Barrera
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Col. Sección XVI, Ciudad de Mexico 14080, Mexico
| | - David Escamilla-Illescas
- Dirección de Medicina, Fundación Clínica Médica Sur. Puente de Piedra 29, Col. Toriello Guerra, Ciudad de Mexico 14040, Mexico
| | - Isabel León-Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Col. Sección XVI, Ciudad de Mexico 14080, Mexico
| | - Perla Mariana Del Río-Estrada
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Col. Sección XVI, Ciudad de Mexico 14080, Mexico
| | - Mauricio González-Navarro
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Col. Sección XVI, Ciudad de Mexico 14080, Mexico
| | - Natalia Calderón-Dávila
- Departamento de Enseñanza, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Col. Sección XVI, Ciudad de Mexico 14080, Mexico
| | - Rossana Olmedo-Ocampo
- Médica Santa Carmen, Periférico Sur 5580, Local B, Col. El Caracol, Ciudad de Mexico 04739, Mexico
| | - Manuel Castillejos-López
- Unidad de Epidemiología Hospitalaria e Infectología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Col. Sección XVI, Ciudad de Mexico 14080, Mexico
| | - Liliana Figueroa-Hernández
- Laboratorio Clínico, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Col. Sección XVI, Ciudad de Mexico 14080, Mexico
| | - Amy B. Peralta-Prado
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Col. Sección XVI, Ciudad de Mexico 14080, Mexico
| | - Yara Luna-Villalobos
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Col. Sección XVI, Ciudad de Mexico 14080, Mexico
| | - Elvira Piten-Isidro
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Col. Sección XVI, Ciudad de Mexico 14080, Mexico
| | - Paola Fernández-Campos
- Departamento de Enseñanza, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Col. Sección XVI, Ciudad de Mexico 14080, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Juárez-Díaz
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Col. Sección XVI, Ciudad de Mexico 14080, Mexico
| | - Karolina Piekarska
- Departamento de Enseñanza, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Col. Sección XVI, Ciudad de Mexico 14080, Mexico
| | - Santiago Ávila-Ríos
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Col. Sección XVI, Ciudad de Mexico 14080, Mexico
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27
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Tan PH, Ji J, Hsing CH, Tan R, Ji RR. Emerging Roles of Type-I Interferons in Neuroinflammation, Neurological Diseases, and Long-Haul COVID. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214394. [PMID: 36430870 PMCID: PMC9696119 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) are pleiotropic cytokines originally identified for their antiviral activity. IFN-α and IFN-β are both type I IFNs that have been used to treat neurological diseases such as multiple sclerosis. Microglia, astrocytes, as well as neurons in the central and peripheral nervous systems, including spinal cord neurons and dorsal root ganglion neurons, express type I IFN receptors (IFNARs). Type I IFNs play an active role in regulating cognition, aging, depression, and neurodegenerative diseases. Notably, by suppressing neuronal activity and synaptic transmission, IFN-α and IFN-β produced potent analgesia. In this article, we discuss the role of type I IFNs in cognition, neurodegenerative diseases, and pain with a focus on neuroinflammation and neuro-glial interactions and their effects on cognition, neurodegenerative diseases, and pain. The role of type I IFNs in long-haul COVID-associated neurological disorders is also discussed. Insights into type I IFN signaling in neurons and non-neuronal cells will improve our treatments of neurological disorders in various disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Heng Tan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (P.-H.T.); (C.-H.H.)
| | - Jasmine Ji
- Neuroscience Department, Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA 02482, USA
| | - Chung-Hsi Hsing
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (P.-H.T.); (C.-H.H.)
| | - Radika Tan
- Kaohsiung American School, Kaohsiung 81354, Taiwan
| | - Ru-Rong Ji
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Departments of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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28
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MacDonald K, Botelho F, Ashkar AA, Richards CD. Type I Interferon Signaling is Required for Oncostatin-M Driven Inflammatory Responses in Mouse Lung. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2022; 42:568-579. [DOI: 10.1089/jir.2022.0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fernando Botelho
- Department of Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre (MIRC), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Carl D. Richards
- Department of Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre (MIRC), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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29
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Zhao FR, Wang W, Zheng Q, Zhang YG, Chen J. The regulation of antiviral activity of interferon epsilon. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1006481. [PMID: 36386666 PMCID: PMC9642105 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1006481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferon epsilon (IFN-ε) is a type I IFN. Some biological properties has been identified in many species, such as antiproliferative, anti-tumor, and antiviral effects, of IFN-ε, which are much weaker than those of IFN-α, have also been revealed. It has been shown to play a role in mucosal immunity and bacterial infection and in the prevention of certain sexually transmitted diseases, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This paper reviews the known activity of IFN-ε, particularly in some viruses. In general, this review provides a better understanding of effective IFN-ε treatment in the future.
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30
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Sumi T, Harada K. Immune response to SARS-CoV-2 in severe disease and long COVID-19. iScience 2022; 25:104723. [PMID: 35813874 PMCID: PMC9251893 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is mild to moderate in otherwise healthy individuals but may nonetheless cause life-threatening disease and/or a wide range of persistent symptoms. The general determinant of disease severity is age mainly because the immune response declines in aging patients. Here, we developed a mathematical model of the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 and revealed that typical age-related risk factors such as only a several 10% decrease in innate immune cell activity and inhibition of type-I interferon signaling by autoantibodies drastically increased the viral load. It was reported that the numbers of certain dendritic cell subsets remained less than half those in healthy donors even seven months after infection. Hence, the inflammatory response was ongoing. Our model predicted the persistent DC reduction and showed that certain patients with severe and even mild symptoms could not effectively eliminate the virus and could potentially develop long COVID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonari Sumi
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-Naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-Naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Kouji Harada
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi 441-8580, Japan
- Center for IT-Based Education, Toyohashi University of Technology, Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi, Aichi 441-8580, Japan
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31
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Michalaki C, Dean C, Johansson C. The Use of Precision-Cut Lung Slices for Studying Innate Immunity to Viral Infections. Curr Protoc 2022; 2:e505. [PMID: 35938685 PMCID: PMC9545600 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Precision-cut lung slices (PCLS) are a novel tool to study cells of the lower airways. As PCLS retain the integrity and architecture of the lung, they constitute a robust model for studying the cells of the lower respiratory tract. Use of PCLS for imaging has been previously documented; however, other applications and techniques can also be applied to PCLS to increase their use and therefore decrease the number of animals needed for each experiment. We present a detailed protocol for generating PCLS from the murine lung. We show that cultured PCLS remain viable up to at least 8 days of culture, that RNA can be isolated from the tissue, and that flow cytometry can be carried out on the cells obtained from the PCLS. Furthermore, we demonstrate that cytokines and chemokines can be detected in the culture supernatants of PCLS exposed to viruses. Overall, these protocols expand the use of PCLS, especially for infection studies. © 2022 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Precision-cut lung slices (PCLS) Basic Protocol 2: PCLS culture and viability Basic Protocol 3: RNA isolation from PCLS, cDNA conversion, and RT-qPCR Basic Protocol 4: Staining of cells from PCLS for flow cytometry Basic Protocol 5: In vivo RSV administration and ex vivo PCLS RSV exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Michalaki
- Section of Respiratory Infections, National Heart and Lung InstituteImperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Dean
- Cardio Respiratory Interface Section, National Heart and Lung InstituteImperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Cecilia Johansson
- Section of Respiratory Infections, National Heart and Lung InstituteImperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
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Hauptstein N, Dirauf M, Wittwer K, Cinar G, Siering O, Raschig M, Lühmann T, Scherf-Clavel O, Sawatsky B, Nischang I, Schubert US, Pfaller CK, Meinel L. PEtOxylated Interferon-α2a Bioconjugates Addressing H1N1 Influenza A Virus Infection. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:3593-3601. [PMID: 35904477 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Influenza A viruses (IAV), including the pandemic 2009 (pdm09) H1N1 or avian influenza H5N1 virus, may advance into more pathogenic, potentially antiviral drug-resistant strains (including loss of susceptibility against oseltamivir). Such IAV strains fuel the risk of future global outbreaks, to which this study responds by re-engineering Interferon-α2a (IFN-α2a) bioconjugates into influenza therapeutics. Type-I interferons such as IFN-α2a play an essential role in influenza infection and may prevent serious disease courses. We site-specifically conjugated a genetically engineered IFN-α2a mutant to poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline)s (PEtOx) of different molecular weights by strain-promoted azide-alkyne cyclo-addition. The promising pharmacokinetic profile of the 25 kDa PEtOx bioconjugate in mice echoed an efficacy in IAV-infected ferrets. One intraperitoneal administration of this bioconjugate, but not the marketed IFN-α2a bioconjugate, changed the disease course similar to oseltamivir, given orally twice every study day. PEtOxylated IFN-α2a bioconjugates may expand our therapeutic arsenal against future influenza pandemics, particularly in light of rising first-line antiviral drug resistance to IAV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Hauptstein
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Dirauf
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany.,Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Kevin Wittwer
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 51-59, 63225 Langen, Germany
| | - Gizem Cinar
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany.,Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Oliver Siering
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 51-59, 63225 Langen, Germany
| | - Martina Raschig
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tessa Lühmann
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Scherf-Clavel
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bevan Sawatsky
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 51-59, 63225 Langen, Germany
| | - Ivo Nischang
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany.,Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrich S Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany.,Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Christian K Pfaller
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 51-59, 63225 Langen, Germany
| | - Lorenz Meinel
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.,Helmholtz Institute for RNA-Based Infection Research (HIRI), Josef-Schneider-Straße 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
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Hao M, Wang D, Xia Q, Kan S, Chang L, Liu H, Yang Z, Liu W. Pathogenic Mechanism and Multi-omics Analysis of Oral Manifestations in COVID-19. Front Immunol 2022; 13:879792. [PMID: 35860279 PMCID: PMC9290522 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.879792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory infectious disease that seriously threatens human life. The clinical manifestations of severe COVID-19 include acute respiratory distress syndrome and multiple organ failure. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causal agent of COVID-19, spreads through contaminated droplets. SARS-CoV-2 particles have been detected in the saliva of COVID-19 patients, implying that the virus can infect and damage the oral cavity. The oral manifestations of COVID-19 include xerostomia and gustatory dysfunction. Numerous studies showed that the four structural proteins of SARS-CoV-2 are its potential pathogenic factors, especially the S protein, which binds to human ACE2 receptors facilitating the entry of the virus into the host cells. Usually, upon entry into the host cell, a pathogen triggers the host’s immune response. However, a mount of multi-omics and immunological analyses revealed that COVID-19 is caused by immune dysregulation. A decrease in the number and phenotypes of immune cells, IFN-1 production and excessive release of certain cytokines have also been reported. In conclusion, this review summarizes the oral manifestations of COVID-19 and multi-omics analysis of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Hao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dongxu Wang
- Laboratory Animal Center, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qianyun Xia
- Laboratory Animal Center, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shaoning Kan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lu Chang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Huimin Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhijing Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Weiwei Liu,
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Sadeghsoltani F, Mohammadzadeh I, Safari MM, Hassanpour P, Izadpanah M, Qujeq D, Moein S, Vaghari-Tabari M. Zinc and Respiratory Viral Infections: Important Trace Element in Anti-viral Response and Immune Regulation. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:2556-2571. [PMID: 34368933 PMCID: PMC8349606 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02859-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Influenza viruses, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and SARS-COV2 are among the most dangerous respiratory viruses. Zinc is one of the essential micronutrients and is very important in the immune system. The aim of this narrative review is to review the most interesting findings about the importance of zinc in the anti-viral immune response in the respiratory tract and defense against influenza, RSV, and SARS-COV2 infections. The most interesting findings on the role of zinc in regulating immunity in the respiratory tract and the relationship between zinc and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are reviewed, as well. Besides, current findings regarding the relationship between zinc and the effectiveness of respiratory viruses' vaccines are reviewed. The results of reviewed studies have shown that zinc and some zinc-dependent proteins are involved in anti-viral defense and immune regulation in the respiratory tract. It seems that zinc can reduce the viral titer following influenza infection. Zinc may reduce RSV burden in the lungs. Zinc can be effective in reducing the duration of viral pneumonia symptoms. Zinc may enhance the effectiveness of hydroxychloroquine in reducing mortality rate in COVID-19 patients. Besides, zinc has a positive effect in preventing ARDS and ventilator-induced lung damage. The relationship between zinc levels and the effectiveness of respiratory viruses' vaccines, especially influenza vaccines, is still unclear, and the findings are somewhat contradictory. In conclusion, zinc has anti-viral properties and is important in defending against respiratory viral infections and regulating the immune response in the respiratory tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Sadeghsoltani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Daneshgah Street, P.O. Box 51666-14711, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Iraj Mohammadzadeh
- Non-Communicable Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mir-Meghdad Safari
- Virtual School of Medical Education and Management, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Hassanpour
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Daneshgah Street, P.O. Box 51666-14711, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Melika Izadpanah
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Durdi Qujeq
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center (CMBRC), Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Soheila Moein
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mostafa Vaghari-Tabari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Daneshgah Street, P.O. Box 51666-14711, Tabriz, Iran.
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Chen J, Lu Z, Yang X, Zhou Y, Gao J, Zhang S, Huang S, Cai J, Yu J, Zhao W, Zhang B. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 ORF8 Protein Inhibits Type I Interferon Production by Targeting HSP90B1 Signaling. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:899546. [PMID: 35677655 PMCID: PMC9168264 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.899546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a global pandemic that has currently infected over 430 million individuals worldwide. With the variant strains of SARS-CoV-2 emerging, a region of high mutation rates in ORF8 was identified during the early pandemic, which resulted in a mutation from leucine (L) to serine (S) at amino acid 84. A typical feature of ORF8 is the immune evasion by suppressing interferon response; however, the mechanisms by which the two variants of ORF8 antagonize the type I interferon (IFN-I) pathway have not yet been clearly investigated. Here, we reported that SARS-CoV-2 ORF8L and ORF8S with no difference inhibit the production of IFN-β, MDA5, RIG-I, ISG15, ISG56, IRF3, and other IFN-related genes induced by poly(I:C). In addition, both ORF8L and ORF8S proteins were found to suppress the nuclear translocation of IRF3. Mechanistically, the SARS-CoV-2 ORF8 protein interacts with HSP90B1, which was later investigated to induce the production of IFN-β and IRF3. Taken together, these results indicate that SARS-CoV-2 ORF8 antagonizes the RIG-I/MDA-5 signaling pathway by targeting HSP90B1, which subsequently exhibits an inhibitory effect on the production of IFN-I. These functions appeared not to be influenced by the genotypes of ORF8L and ORF8S. Our study provides an explanation for the antiviral immune suppression of SARS-CoV-2 and suggests implications for the pathogenic mechanism and treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Chen
- BSL-3 Laboratory (Guangdong), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zixin Lu
- BSL-3 Laboratory (Guangdong), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuwen Yang
- BSL-3 Laboratory (Guangdong), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yezhen Zhou
- BSL-3 Laboratory (Guangdong), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Gao
- BSL-3 Laboratory (Guangdong), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shihao Zhang
- BSL-3 Laboratory (Guangdong), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shan Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jintai Cai
- BSL-3 Laboratory (Guangdong), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianhai Yu
- BSL-3 Laboratory (Guangdong), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- BSL-3 Laboratory (Guangdong), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Bao Zhang, ; Wei Zhao,
| | - Bao Zhang
- BSL-3 Laboratory (Guangdong), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Bao Zhang, ; Wei Zhao,
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Skelton RM, Huber VC. Comparing Influenza Virus Biology for Understanding Influenza D Virus. Viruses 2022; 14:1036. [PMID: 35632777 PMCID: PMC9147167 DOI: 10.3390/v14051036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The newest type of influenza virus, influenza D virus (IDV), was isolated in 2011. IDV circulates in several animal species worldwide, causing mild respiratory illness in its natural hosts. Importantly, IDV does not cause clinical disease in humans and does not spread easily from person to person. Here, we review what is known about the host-pathogen interactions that may limit IDV illness. We focus on early immune interactions between the virus and infected host cells in our summary of what is known about IDV pathogenesis. This work establishes a foundation for future research into IDV infection and immunity in mammalian hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Victor C. Huber
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA;
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Teleost swim bladder, an ancient air-filled organ that elicits mucosal immune responses. Cell Discov 2022; 8:31. [PMID: 35379790 PMCID: PMC8979957 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-022-00393-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The air-filled organs (AOs) of vertebrates (lungs and swim bladders) have evolved unique functions (air-breathing or buoyancy control in water) to adapt to different environments. Thus far, immune responses to microbes in AOs have been described exclusively in the lungs of tetrapods. Similar to lungs, swim bladders (SBs) represent a mucosal surface, a feature that leads us to hypothesize a role for SB in immunity. In this study, we demonstrate that secretory IgT (sIgT) is the key SB immunoglobulin (Ig) responding to the viral challenge, and the only Ig involved in viral neutralization in that organ. In support of these findings, we found that the viral load of the SB from fish devoid of sIgT was much higher than that of control fish. Interestingly, similar to the lungs in mammals, the SB represents the mucosal surface in fish with the lowest content of microbiota. Moreover, sIgT is the main Ig class found coating their surface, suggesting a key role of this Ig in the homeostasis of the SB microbiota. In addition to the well-established role of SB in buoyancy control, our findings reveal a previously unrecognized function of teleost SB in adaptive mucosal immune responses upon pathogenic challenge, as well as a previously unidentified role of sIgT in antiviral defense. Overall, our findings indicate that despite the phylogenetic distance and physiological roles of teleost SB and mammalian lungs, they both have evolved analogous mucosal immune responses against microbes which likely originated independently through a process of convergent evolution.
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Sims JT, Poorbaugh J, Chang CY, Holzer TR, Zhang L, Engle SM, Beasley S, Doman TN, Naughton L, Higgs RE, Kallewaard N, Benschop RJ. Relationship between gene expression patterns from nasopharyngeal swabs and serum biomarkers in patients hospitalized with COVID-19, following treatment with the neutralizing monoclonal antibody bamlanivimab. J Transl Med 2022; 20:134. [PMID: 35303909 PMCID: PMC8931785 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03345-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A thorough understanding of a patient’s inflammatory response to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is crucial to discerning the associated, underlying immunological processes and to the selection and implementation of treatment strategies. Defining peripheral blood biomarkers relevant to SARS-CoV-2 infection is fundamental to detecting and monitoring this systemic disease. This safety-focused study aims to monitor and characterize the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection via analysis of peripheral blood and nasopharyngeal swab samples obtained from patients hospitalized with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), in the presence or absence of bamlanivimab treatment. Methods 23 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 were randomized to receive a single dose of the neutralizing monoclonal antibody, bamlanivimab (700 mg, 2800 mg or 7000 mg) or placebo, at study initiation (Clinical Trial; NCT04411628). Serum samples and nasopharyngeal swabs were collected at multiple time points over 1 month. A Proximity Extension Array was used to detect inflammatory profiles from protein biomarkers in the serum of hospitalized COVID-19 patients relative to age/sex-matched healthy controls. RNA sequencing was performed on nasopharyngeal swabs. A Luminex serology assay and Elecsys® Anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoassay were used to detect endogenous antibody formation and to monitor seroconversion in each cohort over time. A mixed model for repeated measures approach was used to analyze changes in serology and serum proteins over time. Results Levels of IL-6, CXCL10, CXCL11, IFNγ and MCP-3 were > fourfold higher in the serum of patients with COVID-19 versus healthy controls and linked with observations of inflammatory and viral-induced interferon response genes detected in nasopharyngeal swab samples from the same patients. While IgA and IgM titers peaked around 7 days post-dose, IgG titers remained high, even after 28 days. Changes in biomarkers over time were not significantly different between the bamlanivimab and placebo groups. Conclusions Similarities observed between nasopharyngeal gene expression patterns and peripheral blood biomarker profiles reveal a connection between the circulation and processes in the nasopharyngeal cavity, reinforcing the potential utility of systemic blood biomarker profiling for therapeutic monitoring of patient response. Serological antibody responses in patients correlated closely with reductions in the COVID-19 inflammatory protein biomarker signature. Bamlanivimab did not affect the biomarker dynamics in this hospitalized patient population. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-022-03345-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan T Sims
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, 893 S Delaware St., Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA
| | - Josh Poorbaugh
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, 893 S Delaware St., Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA
| | - Ching-Yun Chang
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, 893 S Delaware St., Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA
| | - Timothy R Holzer
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, 893 S Delaware St., Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA
| | - Lin Zhang
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, 893 S Delaware St., Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA
| | - Sarah M Engle
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, 893 S Delaware St., Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA
| | - Stephanie Beasley
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, 893 S Delaware St., Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA
| | - Thompson N Doman
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, 893 S Delaware St., Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA
| | - Lynn Naughton
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, 893 S Delaware St., Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA
| | - Richard E Higgs
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, 893 S Delaware St., Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA
| | - Nicole Kallewaard
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, 893 S Delaware St., Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA
| | - Robert J Benschop
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, 893 S Delaware St., Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA.
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Liu X, Li X, Chen L, Hsu ACY, Asquith KL, Liu C, Laurie K, Barr I, Foster PS, Yang M. Proteomic Analysis Reveals a Novel Therapeutic Strategy Using Fludarabine for Steroid-Resistant Asthma Exacerbation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:805558. [PMID: 35280986 PMCID: PMC8913936 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.805558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Virus-induced asthma exacerbation is a health burden worldwide and lacks effective treatment. To better understand the disease pathogenesis and find novel therapeutic targets, we established a mouse model of steroid (dexamethasone (DEX)) resistant asthma exacerbation using ovalbumin (OVA) and influenza virus (FLU) infection. Using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MC/MS), we performed a shotgun proteomics assay coupled with label-free quantification to define all dysregulated proteins in the lung proteome of asthmatic mice. Compared to control, 71, 89, and 30 proteins were found significantly upregulated by at least two-fold (p-value ≤ 0.05) in OVA-, OVA/FLU-, and OVA/FLU/DEX-treated mice, respectively. We then applied a Z-score transformed hierarchical clustering analysis and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) to highlight the key inflammation pathways underlying the disease. Within all these upregulated proteins, 64 proteins were uniquely highly expressed in OVA/FLU mice compared to OVA mice; and 11 proteins were DEX-refractory. IPA assay revealed two of the most enriched pathways associated with these over-expressed protein clusters were those associated with MHC class I (MHC-I) antigen-presentation and interferon (IFN) signaling. Within these pathways, signal-transducer-and-activator-of-transcription-1 (STAT1) protein was identified as the most significantly changed protein contributing to the pathogenesis of exacerbation and the underlying steroid resistance based on the label-free quantification; and this was further confirmed by both Parallel Reaction Monitoring (PRM) proteomics assay and western blots. Further, the pharmacological drug Fludarabine decreased STAT1 expression, restored the responsiveness of OVA/FLU mice to DEX and markedly suppressed disease severity. Taken together, this study describes the proteomic profile underpinning molecular mechanisms of FLU-induced asthma exacerbation and identifies STAT1 as a potential therapeutic target, more importantly, we provided a novel therapeutic strategy that may be clinically translated into practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Health Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI), University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Xiang Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Health Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI), University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Ling Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Health Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI), University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Alan Chen-Yu Hsu
- Priority Research Centre for Health Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI), University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kelly L. Asquith
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Health Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI), University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Chi Liu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Karen Laurie
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ian Barr
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul S. Foster
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Health Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI), University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Ming Yang, ; Paul S. Foster,
| | - Ming Yang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Health Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI), University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Ming Yang, ; Paul S. Foster,
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Hauptstein N, Meinel L, Lühmann T. Bioconjugation strategies and clinical implications of Interferon-bioconjugates. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022; 172:157-167. [PMID: 35149191 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Interferons (IFN) are immunomodulating, antiviral and antiproliferative cytokines for treatment of multiple indications, including cancer, hepatitis, and autoimmune disease. The first IFNs were discovered in 1957, first approved in 1986, and are nowadays listed in the WHO model list of essential Medicines. Three classes of IFNs are known; IFN-α2a and IFN-β belonging to type-I IFNs, IFN-γ a type-II IFN approved for some hereditary diseases and IFN-λs, which form the newest class of type-III IFNs. IFN-λs were discovered in the last decade with fascinating yet under discovered pharmaceutical potential. This article reviews available IFN drugs, their field and route of application, while also outlining available and future strategies for bioconjugation to further optimize pharmaceutical and clinical performances of all three available IFN classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Hauptstein
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, DE-97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lorenz Meinel
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, DE-97074, Würzburg, Germany; Helmholtz Institute for RNA-Based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), DE-97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tessa Lühmann
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, DE-97074, Würzburg, Germany.
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Varese A, Nakawesi J, Farias A, Kirsebom FCM, Paulsen M, Nuriev R, Johansson C. Type I interferons and MAVS signaling are necessary for tissue resident memory CD8+ T cell responses to RSV infection. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010272. [PMID: 35108347 PMCID: PMC8843175 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) can cause bronchiolitis and viral pneumonia in young children and the elderly. Lack of vaccines and recurrence of RSV infection indicate the difficulty in eliciting protective memory immune responses. Tissue resident memory T cells (TRM) can confer protection from pathogen re-infection and, in human experimental RSV infection, the presence of lung CD8+ TRM cells correlates with a better outcome. However, the requirements for generating and maintaining lung TRM cells during RSV infection are not fully understood. Here, we use mouse models to assess the impact of innate immune response determinants in the generation and subsequent expansion of the TRM cell pool during RSV infection. We show that CD8+ TRM cells expand independently from systemic CD8+ T cells after RSV re-infection. Re-infected MAVS and MyD88/TRIF deficient mice, lacking key components involved in innate immune recognition of RSV and induction of type I interferons (IFN-α/β), display impaired expansion of CD8+ TRM cells and reduction in antigen specific production of granzyme B and IFN-γ. IFN-α treatment of MAVS deficient mice during primary RSV infection restored TRM cell expansion upon re-challenge but failed to recover TRM cell functionality. Our data reveal how innate immunity, including the axis controlling type I IFN induction, instructs and regulates CD8+ TRM cell responses to RSV infection, suggesting possible mechanisms for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusto Varese
- Respiratory Infections Section, St Mary’s campus, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joy Nakawesi
- Respiratory Infections Section, St Mary’s campus, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Farias
- Respiratory Infections Section, St Mary’s campus, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Freja C. M. Kirsebom
- Respiratory Infections Section, St Mary’s campus, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle Paulsen
- Respiratory Infections Section, St Mary’s campus, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rinat Nuriev
- Respiratory Infections Section, St Mary’s campus, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cecilia Johansson
- Respiratory Infections Section, St Mary’s campus, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Barbagallo D, Palermo CI, Barbagallo C, Battaglia R, Caponnetto A, Spina V, Ragusa M, Di Pietro C, Scalia G, Purrello M. Competing endogenous RNA network mediated by circ_3205 in SARS-CoV-2 infected cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:75. [PMID: 35039944 PMCID: PMC8763136 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-04119-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a new member of the Betacoronaviridae family, responsible for the recent pandemic outbreak of COVID-19. To start exploring the molecular events that follow host cell infection, we queried VirusCircBase and identified a circular RNA (circRNA) predicted to be synthesized by SARS-CoV-2, circ_3205, which we used to probe: (i) a training cohort comprised of two pools of cells from three nasopharyngeal swabs of SARS-CoV-2 infected (positive) or uninfected (negative, UCs) individuals; (ii) a validation cohort made up of 12 positive and 3 negative samples. The expression of circRNAs, miRNAs and miRNA targets was assayed through real-time PCR. CircRNA-miRNA interactions were predicted by TarpMiR, Analysis of Common Targets for circular RNAs (ACT), and STarMir tools. Enrichment of the biological processes and the list of predicted miRNA targets were retrieved from DIANA miRPath v3.0. Our results showed that the predicted SARS-CoV-2 circ_3205 was expressed only in positive samples and its amount positively correlated with that of SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) mRNA and the viral load (r values = 0.80952 and 0.84867, Spearman's correlation test, respectively). Human (hsa) miR-298 was predicted to interact with circ_3205 by all three predictive tools. KCNMB4 and PRKCE were predicted as hsa-miR-298 targets. Interestingly, the function of both is correlated with blood coagulation and immune response. KCNMB4 and PRKCE mRNAs were upregulated in positive samples as compared to UCs (6 and 8.1-fold, p values = 0.049 and 0.02, Student's t test, respectively) and their expression positively correlated with that of circ_3205 (r values = 0.6 and 0.25, Spearman's correlation test, respectively). We propose that our results convincingly suggest that circ_3205 is a circRNA synthesized by SARS-CoV-2 upon host cell infection and that it may behave as a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA), sponging hsa-miR-298 and contributing to the upregulation of KCNMB4 and PRKCE mRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Barbagallo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Biology and Genetics Giovanni Sichel, University of Catania, 95123, Catania, Italy.
| | - Concetta Ilenia Palermo
- U.O.C. Laboratory Analysis Unit, A.O.U. Policlinico‑Vittorio Emanuele, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Cristina Barbagallo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Biology and Genetics Giovanni Sichel, University of Catania, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosalia Battaglia
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Biology and Genetics Giovanni Sichel, University of Catania, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Angela Caponnetto
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Biology and Genetics Giovanni Sichel, University of Catania, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Vittoria Spina
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Medical Biochemistry, University of Catania, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Marco Ragusa
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Biology and Genetics Giovanni Sichel, University of Catania, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Cinzia Di Pietro
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Biology and Genetics Giovanni Sichel, University of Catania, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Guido Scalia
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Microbiology, University of Catania, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Michele Purrello
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Biology and Genetics Giovanni Sichel, University of Catania, 95123, Catania, Italy
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Abstract
The process of adaptation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to humans probably had started decades ago, when its ancestor diverged from the bat coronavirus. The adaptive process comprises strategies the virus uses to overcome the respiratory tract defense barriers and replicate and shed in the host cells. These strategies include the impairment of interferon production, hiding immunogenic motifs, avoiding viral RNA detection, manipulating cell autophagy, triggering host cell death, inducing lymphocyte exhaustion and depletion, and finally, mutation and escape from immunity. In addition, SARS-CoV-2 employs strategies to take advantage of host cell resources for its benefits, such as inhibiting the ubiquitin-proteasome system, hijacking mitochondria functions, and usage of enhancing antibodies. It may be anticipated that as the tradeoffs of adaptation progress, the virus destructive burden will gradually subside. Some evidence suggests that SARS-CoV-2 will become part of the human respiratory virome, as had occurred with other coronaviruses, and coevolve with its host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Tosta
- Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Medicina, Brasília, DF, Brasil
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44
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Training associated alterations in equine respiratory immunity using a multiomics comparative approach. Sci Rep 2022; 12:427. [PMID: 35013475 PMCID: PMC8748960 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04137-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophilic airway inflammation is highly prevalent in racehorses in training, with the term mild to moderate equine asthma (MMEA) being applied to the majority of such cases. Our proposed study is largely derived from the strong association between MMEA in racehorses and their entry into a race training program. The objectives of this study are to characterise the effect of training on the local pulmonary immune system by defining the gene and protein expression of tracheal wash (TW) derived samples from Thoroughbred racehorses prior to and following commencement of race training. Multiomics analysis detected 2138 differentially expressed genes and 260 proteins during the training period. Gene and protein sets were enriched for biological processes related to acute phase response, oxidative stress, haemopoietic processes, as well as to immune response and inflammation. This study demonstrated TW samples to represent a rich source of airway cells, protein and RNA to study airway immunity in the horse and highlighted the benefits of a multiomics methodological approach to studying the dynamics of equine airway immunity. Findings likely reflect the known associations between race-training and both airway inflammation and bleeding, offering further insight into the potential mechanisms which underpin training associated airway inflammation.
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McElroy AN, Invernizzi R, Laskowska JW, O'Neill A, Doroudian M, Moghoofei M, Mostafaei S, Li F, Przybylski AA, O'Dwyer DN, Bowie AG, Fallon PG, Maher TM, Hogaboam CM, Molyneaux PL, Hirani N, Armstrong ME, Donnelly SC. Candidate Role for Toll-like Receptor 3 L412F Polymorphism and Infection in Acute Exacerbation of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2022; 205:550-562. [DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202010-3880oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rachele Invernizzi
- Imperial College London, National Heart and Lung Institute, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Joanna W. Laskowska
- Trinity College Dublin School of Medicine, 155276, Clinical Medicine, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Andrew O'Neill
- University of Dublin Trinity College, 8809, Medicine, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Mohsen Moghoofei
- Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, 48464, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
| | - Shayan Mostafaei
- Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, 48464, Department of Biostatistics, Kermanshah, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
| | - Feng Li
- University of Edinburgh MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, 47954, Edinburgh, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Alexander A. Przybylski
- University of Edinburgh MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, 47954, Edinburgh, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - David N O'Dwyer
- University of Michigan Hospital, 166144, Internal Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Andrew G. Bowie
- University of Dublin Trinity College, 8809, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | | | - Toby M. Maher
- Imperial College London - Royal Brompton Campus, 152930, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Cory M Hogaboam
- Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Philip L Molyneaux
- Imperial College London, National Heart and Lung Institute, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Nik Hirani
- The University of Edinburgh, 3124, Center for Inflammation Research, Edinburgh, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- NHS Lothian, 3129, Respiratory Medicine, Edinburgh, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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Tan PH, Ji J, Yeh CC, Ji RR. Interferons in Pain and Infections: Emerging Roles in Neuro-Immune and Neuro-Glial Interactions. Front Immunol 2021; 12:783725. [PMID: 34804074 PMCID: PMC8602180 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.783725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) are cytokines that possess antiviral, antiproliferative, and immunomodulatory actions. IFN-α and IFN-β are two major family members of type-I IFNs and are used to treat diseases, including hepatitis and multiple sclerosis. Emerging evidence suggests that type-I IFN receptors (IFNARs) are also expressed by microglia, astrocytes, and neurons in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Apart from canonical transcriptional regulations, IFN-α and IFN-β can rapidly suppress neuronal activity and synaptic transmission via non-genomic regulation, leading to potent analgesia. IFN-γ is the only member of the type-II IFN family and induces central sensitization and microglia activation in persistent pain. We discuss how type-I and type-II IFNs regulate pain and infection via neuro-immune modulations, with special focus on neuroinflammation and neuro-glial interactions. We also highlight distinct roles of type-I IFNs in the peripheral and central nervous system. Insights into IFN signaling in nociceptors and their distinct actions in physiological vs. pathological and acute vs. chronic conditions will improve our treatments of pain after surgeries, traumas, and infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Heng Tan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Jasmine Ji
- Neuroscience Department, Wellesley College, Wellesley, Massachusetts, MA, United States
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Chun-Chang Yeh
- Department of Anesthesiology of Tri-Service General Hospital & National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ru-Rong Ji
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
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Lee Y, Lu M, Lillehoj HS. Immunological studies on chicken interferon-kappa using an antigen-capture ELISA developed using new mouse monoclonal antibodies. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 124:104204. [PMID: 34271063 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Interferon (IFN)-κ is a type I IFN that plays a central role in anti-viral defense and host immune response. The functions of type I IFNs have not been clearly defined in chickens compared to those of their mammalian counterparts. In this study, we developed an antigen-capture ELISA using newly developed mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) which are specific for chicken IFN-κ (chIFN-κ) and showed that this ELISA can measure native chIFN-κ production during the activation of macrophages by polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C). The recombinant chicken IFN-κ expressed in Escherichia coli was used to immunize mice. Five mAbs that specifically recognized chIFN-κ were selected and characterized based on their specificity and binding activity toward chIFN-κ via indirect ELISA and western blotting. To develop a capture ELISA for chicken IFN-κ, two sets of the best capture and detection mAbs combinations were identified via pairing assays. To validate the antigen-capture assay, the production of native IFN-κ was induced in chicken HD11 macrophages using poly I:C. Furthermore, qRT-PCR was used to confirm the transcript-level expression of IFN-κ in HD11 cells at 24 and 48 h. The neutralizing effects of anti-chIFN-κ mAbs were evaluated based on their ability to block the induction of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) in DF-1 fibroblast cells stimulated with recombinant chIFN-κ proteins. All five mAbs blocked the mRNA expression of ISGs in a dose-dependent manner. Our results validate the specificity and utility of these newly developed mAbs for the detection of native chicken IFN-κ. This novel antigen-capture ELISA will be a valuable tool for fundamental and applied research involving IFN-κ in the normal and diseased states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngsub Lee
- Animal Bioscience and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Mingmin Lu
- Animal Bioscience and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Hyun S Lillehoj
- Animal Bioscience and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, USA.
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48
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Gerard L, Lecocq M, Bouzin C, Hoton D, Schmit G, Pereira JP, Montiel V, Plante-Bordeneuve T, Laterre PF, Pilette C. Increased Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 and Loss of Alveolar Type II Cells in COVID-19-related Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2021; 204:1024-1034. [PMID: 34449302 PMCID: PMC8663012 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202012-4461oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2), the entry receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is expressed in type 2 alveolar epithelial cells (AT2) that may play key roles in postinjury repair. An imbalance between ACE2 and ACE has also been hypothesized to contribute to lung injury. Objectives: To characterize the expression and distribution of ACE2 and ACE and to compare AT2 with endothelial cell expression in coronavirus disease (COVID-19)–related or –unrelated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and controls. Methods: Lung tissue stainings (using multiplex immunofluorescence) and serum concentrations of ACEs were determined retrospectively in two different cohorts of patients. AT2 and endothelial cells were stained in lung tissue for ProSPC (pro-surfactant protein C) and CD31, respectively. Measurements and Main Results: Pulmonary ACE2 expression was increased in patients with COVID-19–related and –unrelated ARDS (0.06% of tissue area and 0.12% vs. 0.006% for control subjects; P = 0.013 and P < 0.0001, respectively). ACE2 was upregulated in endothelial cells (0.32% and 0.53% vs. 0.01%; P = 0.009 and P < 0.0001) but not in AT2 cells (0.13% and 0.08% vs. 0.03%; P = 0.94 and P = 0.44). Pulmonary expression of ACE was decreased in both COVID-19–related and –unrelated ARDS (P = 0.057 and P = 0.032). Similar increases in ACE2 and decreases in ACE were observed in sera of COVID-19 (P = 0.0054 and P < 0.0001) and non–COVID-19 ARDS (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.016). In addition, AT2 cells were decreased in patients with COVID-19–related ARDS compared with COVID-19–unrelated ARDS (1.395% vs. 2.94%, P = 0.0033). Conclusions: ACE2 is upregulated in lung tissue and serum of both COVID-19–related and –unrelated ARDS, whereas a loss of AT2 cells is selectively observed in COVID-19–related ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Gerard
- Service de Soins Intensifs.,Pôle de pneumologie, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique
| | - Marylene Lecocq
- Pôle de pneumologie, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique
| | - Caroline Bouzin
- Plateforme d'imagerie (2IP), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Charles Pilette
- Pôle de pneumologie, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique.,Service de Pneumologie, Cliniques universitaires Saint Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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An Update on Innate Immune Responses during SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Viruses 2021; 13:v13102060. [PMID: 34696490 PMCID: PMC8541410 DOI: 10.3390/v13102060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a member of the Coronaviridae family, which is responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic followed by unprecedented global societal and economic disruptive impact. The innate immune system is the body’s first line of defense against invading pathogens and is induced by a variety of cellular receptors that sense viral components. However, various strategies are exploited by SARS-CoV-2 to disrupt the antiviral innate immune responses. Innate immune dysfunction is characterized by the weak generation of type I interferons (IFNs) and the hypersecretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, leading to mortality and organ injury in patients with COVID-19. This review summarizes the existing understanding of the mutual effects between SARS-CoV-2 and the type I IFN (IFN-α/β) responses, emphasizing the relationship between host innate immune signaling and viral proteases with an insight on tackling potential therapeutic targets.
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50
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Virus-Induced Tumorigenesis and IFN System. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10100994. [PMID: 34681093 PMCID: PMC8533565 DOI: 10.3390/biology10100994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Oncogenic viruses favor the development of tumors in mammals by persistent infection and specific cellular pathways modifications by deregulating cell proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis. They counteract the cellular antiviral defense through viral proteins as well as specific cellular effectors involved in virus-induced tumorigenesis. Type I interferons (IFNs) are a family of cytokines critical not only for viral interference but also for their broad range of properties that go beyond the antiviral action. In fact, they can inhibit cell proliferation and modulate differentiation, apoptosis, and migration. However, their principal role is to regulate the development and activity of most effector cells of the innate and adaptive immune responses. Various are the mechanisms by which IFNs exert their effects on immune cells. They can act directly, through IFN receptor triggering, or indirectly by the induction of chemokines, the secretion of further cytokines, or by the stimulation of cells useful for the activation of particular immune cells. All the properties of IFNs are crucial in the host defense against viruses and bacteria, as well as in the immune surveillance against tumors. IFNs may be affected by and, in turn, affect signaling pathways to mediate anti-proliferative and antiviral responses in virus-induced tumorigenic context. New data on cellular and viral microRNAs (miRNAs) machinery, as well as cellular communication and microenvironment modification via classical secretion mechanisms and extracellular vesicles-mediated delivery are reported. Recent research is reviewed on the tumorigenesis induced by specific viruses with RNA or DNA genome, belonging to different families (i.e., HPV, HTLV-1, MCPyV, JCPyV, Herpesviruses, HBV, HCV) and the IFN system involvement.
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