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Palianina D, Mietz J, Stühler C, Arnold B, Bantug G, Münz C, Chijioke O, Khanna N. Stem cell memory EBV-specific T cells control EBV tumor growth and persist in vivo. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eado2048. [PMID: 39178248 PMCID: PMC11343021 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ado2048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/25/2024]
Abstract
Adoptive T cell therapy (ACT), the therapeutic transfer of defined T cell immunity to patients, offers great potential in the fight against different human diseases including difficult-to-treat viral infections, but persistence and longevity of the cells are areas of concern. Very-early-differentiated stem cell memory T cells (TSCMs) have superior self-renewal, engraftment, persistence, and anticancer efficacy, but their potential for antiviral ACT remains unknown. Here, we developed a clinically scalable protocol for expanding Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-specific TSCM-enriched T cells with high proportions of CD4+ T cells and broad EBV antigen coverage. These cells showed tumor control in a xenograft model of EBV-induced lymphoma and were superior to previous ACT protocols in terms of tumor infiltration, in vivo proliferation, persistence, proportion of functional CD4+ T cells, and diversity of EBV antigen specificity. Thus, our protocol may pave the way for the next generation of potent unmodified antigen-specific cell therapies for EBV-associated diseases, including tumors, and other indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darya Palianina
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Juliane Mietz
- Cellular Immunotherapy, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Stühler
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Brice Arnold
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Glenn Bantug
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Münz
- Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Obinna Chijioke
- Cellular Immunotherapy, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Institute of Pathology and Medical Genetics, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nina Khanna
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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2
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Fazeli P, Kalani M, Mahdavi M, Hosseini M. The significance of stem cell-like memory T cells in viral and bacterial vaccines: A mini review. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 137:112441. [PMID: 38852525 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Vaccination has become a widely used method to induce immune protection against microbial pathogens, including viral and bacterial microorganisms. Both humoral and cellular immunity serve a critical role in neutralizing and eliminating these pathogens. An effective vaccine should be able to induce a long-lasting immune memory response. Recent investigations on different subsets of T cells have identified a new subset of T cells using multi-parameter flow cytometry, which possess stem cell-like properties and the ability to mount a rapid immune response upon re-exposure to antigens known as stem cell-like memory T cells (TSCM). One of the major challenges with current vaccines is their limited ability to maintain long-term memory in the adaptive immune system. Recent evidence suggests that a specific subgroup of memory T cells has the unique ability to retain their longevity for up to 25 years, as observed in the case of the yellow fever vaccine. Therefore, in this study, we tried to explore and discuss the potential role of this new T cell memory subset in the development of viral and bacterial vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooria Fazeli
- Truama Research Center, Rajaee (Emtiaz) Trauma Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Kalani
- Department of Immunology, Prof. Alborzi Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Hosseini
- Truama Research Center, Emtiaz Trauma Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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3
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Dintwe OB, Ballweber Fleming L, Voillet V, McNevin J, Seese A, Naidoo A, Omarjee S, Bekker LG, Kublin JG, De Rosa SC, Newell EW, Fiore-Gartland A, Andersen-Nissen E, McElrath MJ. Adolescent BCG revaccination induces a phenotypic shift in CD4 + T cell responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5191. [PMID: 38890283 PMCID: PMC11189459 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49050-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
A recent clinical trial demonstrated that Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) revaccination of adolescents reduced the risk of sustained infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb). In a companion phase 1b trial, HVTN 602/Aeras A-042, we characterize in-depth the cellular responses to BCG revaccination or to a H4:IC31 vaccine boost to identify T cell subsets that could be responsible for the protection observed. High-dimensional clustering analysis of cells profiled using a 26-color flow cytometric panel show marked increases in five effector memory CD4+ T cell subpopulations (TEM) after BCG revaccination, two of which are highly polyfunctional. CITE-Seq single-cell analysis shows that the activated subsets include an abundant cluster of Th1 cells with migratory potential. Additionally, a small cluster of Th17 TEM cells induced by BCG revaccination expresses high levels of CD103; these may represent recirculating tissue-resident memory cells that could provide pulmonary immune protection. Together, these results identify unique populations of CD4+ T cells with potential to be immune correlates of protection conferred by BCG revaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- One B Dintwe
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Cape Town HVTN Immunology Laboratory, Hutchinson Centre Research Institute of South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Valentin Voillet
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Cape Town HVTN Immunology Laboratory, Hutchinson Centre Research Institute of South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - John McNevin
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Aaron Seese
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Anneta Naidoo
- Cape Town HVTN Immunology Laboratory, Hutchinson Centre Research Institute of South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Saleha Omarjee
- Cape Town HVTN Immunology Laboratory, Hutchinson Centre Research Institute of South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Linda-Gail Bekker
- The Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - James G Kublin
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stephen C De Rosa
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Evan W Newell
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Andrew Fiore-Gartland
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Erica Andersen-Nissen
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Cape Town HVTN Immunology Laboratory, Hutchinson Centre Research Institute of South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - M Juliana McElrath
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
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4
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Pan YG, Bartolo L, Xu R, Patel BV, Zarnitsyna VI, Su LF. Preservation of naive-phenotype CD4+ T cells after vaccination contributes to durable immunity. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e180667. [PMID: 38861490 PMCID: PMC11383171 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.180667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Memory T cells are conventionally associated with durable recall responses. In our longitudinal analyses of CD4+ T cell responses to the yellow fever virus (YFV) vaccine by peptide-MHC tetramers, we unexpectedly found CD45RO-CCR7+ virus-specific CD4+ T cells that expanded shortly after vaccination and persisted months to years after immunization. Further phenotypic analyses revealed the presence of stem cell-like memory T cells within this subset. In addition, after vaccination T cells lacking known memory markers and functionally resembling genuine naive T cells were identified, referred to herein as marker-negative T (TMN) cells. Single-cell TCR sequencing detected expanded clonotypes within the TMN subset and identified TMN TCRs shared with memory and effector T cells. Longitudinal tracking of YFV-specific responses over subsequent years revealed superior stability of TMN cells, which correlated with the longevity of the overall tetramer+ population. These findings uncover additional complexity within the post-immune T cell compartment and implicate TMN cells in durable immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Gen Pan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Laurent Bartolo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ruozhang Xu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bijal V Patel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Laura F Su
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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5
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Ogongo P, Tran A, Marzan F, Gingrich D, Krone M, Aweeka F, Lindestam Arlehamn CS, Martin JN, Deeks SG, Hunt PW, Ernst JD. High-parameter phenotypic characterization reveals a subset of human Th17 cells that preferentially produce IL-17 against M. tuberculosis antigen. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1378040. [PMID: 38698866 PMCID: PMC11064812 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1378040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Interleukin-17-producing CD4 T cells contribute to the control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection in humans; whether infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disproportionately affects distinct Th17-cell subsets that respond to Mtb is incompletely defined. Methods We performed high-definition characterization of circulating Mtb-specific Th17 cells by spectral flow cytometry in people with latent TB and treated HIV (HIV-ART). We also measured kynurenine pathway activity by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS) on plasma and tested the hypothesis that tryptophan catabolism influences Th17-cell frequencies in this context. Results We identified two subsets of Th17 cells: subset 1 defined as CD4+Vα7.2-CD161+CD26+and subset 2 defined as CD4+Vα7.2-CCR6+CXCR3-cells of which subset 1 was significantly reduced in latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) with HIV-ART, yet Mtb-responsive IL-17-producing CD4 T cells were preserved; we found that IL-17-producing CD4 T cells dominate the response to Mtb antigen but not cytomegalovirus (CMV) antigen or staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB), and tryptophan catabolism negatively correlates with both subset 1 and subset 2 Th17-cell frequencies. Conclusions We found differential effects of ART-suppressed HIV on distinct subsets of Th17 cells, that IL-17-producing CD4 T cells dominate responses to Mtb but not CMV antigen or SEB, and that kynurenine pathway activity is associated with decreases of circulating Th17 cells that may contribute to tuberculosis immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Ogongo
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Institute of Primate Research, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Anthony Tran
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Florence Marzan
- Drug Research Unit, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - David Gingrich
- Drug Research Unit, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Melissa Krone
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Francesca Aweeka
- Drug Research Unit, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | | | - Jeffrey N. Martin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Steven G. Deeks
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Peter W. Hunt
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Joel D. Ernst
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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6
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Pan YG, Bartolo L, Xu R, Patel B, Zarnitsyna V, Su L. Differentiation marker-negative CD4 + T cells persist after yellow fever virus vaccination and contribute to durable memory. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.11.584523. [PMID: 38559113 PMCID: PMC10979963 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.11.584523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Factors that contribute to durable immunological memory remain incompletely understood. In our longitudinal analyses of CD4+ T cell responses to the yellow fever virus (YFV) vaccine by peptide-MHC tetramers, we unexpectedly found naïve phenotype virus-specific CD4+ T cells that persisted months to years after immunization. These Marker negative T cells (TMN) lacked CD95, CXCR3, CD11a, and CD49d surface protein expression, distinguishing them from previously discovered stem-cell memory T cells. Functionally, they resembled genuine naïve T cells upon in vitro stimulation. Single-cell TCR sequencing detected expanded clonotypes within the TMN subset and identified a shared repertoire with memory and effector T cells. T cells expressing TMN-associated TCRs were rare before vaccination, suggesting their expansion following vaccination. Longitudinal tracking of YFV-specific responses over the subsequent years revealed superior stability of the TMN subset and their association with the longevity of the overall population. The identification of these long-lived, antigen-experienced T cells may inform the design of durable T cell-based vaccines and engineered T cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Gen Pan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Perelman School of Medicine, Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Laurent Bartolo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Perelman School of Medicine, Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ruozhang Xu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Perelman School of Medicine, Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Corporal Michael J Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Bijal Patel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Perelman School of Medicine, Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Corporal Michael J Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Veronika Zarnitsyna
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Laura Su
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Perelman School of Medicine, Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Corporal Michael J Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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7
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Ogongo P, Tran A, Marzan F, Gingrich D, Krone M, Aweeka F, Lindestam Arlehamn CS, Martin JN, Deeks SG, Hunt PW, Ernst JD. High-parameter phenotypic characterization reveals a subset of human Th17 cells that preferentially produce IL17 against M. tuberculosis antigen. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.01.06.523027. [PMID: 36711855 PMCID: PMC9881994 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.06.523027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background Interleukin 17 producing CD4 T cells contribute to the control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection in humans; whether infection with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) disproportionately affects distinct Th17 cell subsets that respond to Mtb is incompletely defined. Methods We performed high-definition characterization of circulating Mtb-specific Th17 cells by spectral flow cytometry in people with latent TB and treated HIV (HIV-ART). We also measured kynurenine pathway activity by LC/MS on plasma and tested the hypothesis that tryptophan catabolism influences Th17 cell frequencies in this context. Results We identified two subsets of Th17 cells: subset 1 defined as CD4+Vα7.2-CD161+CD26+ and subset 2 defined as CD4+Vα7.2-CCR6+CXCR3- cells of which subset 1 was significantly reduced in LTBI with HIV-ART, yet Mtb-responsive IL17-producing CD4 T cells were preserved; we found that IL17-producing CD4 T cells dominate the response to Mtb antigen but not CMV antigen or staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB); and tryptophan catabolism negatively correlates with both subset 1 and subset 2 Th17 cell frequencies. Conclusions We found differential effects of ART-suppressed HIV on distinct subsets of Th17 cells, that IL17-producing CD4 T cells dominate responses to Mtb but not CMV antigen or SEB, and that kynurenine pathway activity is associated with decreases of circulating Th17 cells that may contribute to tuberculosis immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Ogongo
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Institute of Primate Research, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Anthony Tran
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Florence Marzan
- Drug Research Unit, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - David Gingrich
- Drug Research Unit, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Melissa Krone
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Francesca Aweeka
- Drug Research Unit, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey N. Martin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Steven G. Deeks
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Peter W. Hunt
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joel D. Ernst
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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8
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Zhou F, Zhang D. Recent advance in the development of tuberculosis vaccines in clinical trials and virus-like particle-based vaccine candidates. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1238649. [PMID: 38022657 PMCID: PMC10652786 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1238649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a serious public health threat around the world. An effective vaccine is urgently required for cost-effective, long-term control of TB. However, the only licensed vaccine Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is limited to prevent TB for its highly variable efficacy. Substantial progress has been made in research and development (R&D) of TB vaccines in the past decades, and a dozen vaccine candidates, including live attenuated mycobacterial vaccines, killed mycobacterial vaccines, adjuvanted subunit vaccines, viral vector vaccines, and messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines were developed in clinical trials to date. Nevertheless, many challenges to the successful authorization for the use and deployment of an effective tuberculosis vaccine remain. Therefore, it is still necessary and urgent to continue exploring new vaccine construction approaches. Virus-like particles (VLPs) present excellent prospects in the field of vaccine development because of their helpful immunological features such as being safe templates without containing viral nucleic acid, repetitive surface geometry, conformational epitopes similar to natural viruses, and enhancing both innate and adaptive immune responses. The marketization process of VLP vaccines has never stopped despite VLP vaccines face several shortcomings such as their complex and slow development process and high production cost, and several VLP-based vaccines, including vaccines against Human papillomavirus (HPV), Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and malaria, are successfully licensed for use at the market. In this review, we provide an update on the current progress regarding the development of TB vaccines in clinical trials and seek to give an overview of VLP-based TB vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangbin Zhou
- Department of Tropical Diseases, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- Department of Tropical Diseases, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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9
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Davies LRL, Smith MT, Cizmeci D, Fischinger S, Shih-Lu Lee J, Lu LL, Layton ED, Grant AD, Fielding K, Stein CM, Boom WH, Hawn TR, Fortune SM, Wallis RS, Churchyard GJ, Alter G, Seshadri C. IFN-γ independent markers of Mycobacterium tuberculosis exposure among male South African gold miners. EBioMedicine 2023; 93:104678. [PMID: 37379655 PMCID: PMC10320233 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of tuberculosis among men who work in the gold mines of South Africa is among the highest in the world, but a fraction of miners demonstrate consistently negative results upon tuberculin skin test (TST) and IFN-γ release assay (IGRA). We hypothesized that these "resisters" (RSTRs) may display unconventional immune signatures of exposure to M. tuberculosis (M.tb). METHODS In a cohort of RSTRs and matched controls with latent TB infection (LTBI), we profiled the functional breadth of M.tb antigen-specific T cell and antibody responses using multi-parameter flow cytometry and systems serology, respectively. FINDINGS RSTRs and LTBI controls both exhibited IFN-γ independent T-cell and IgG antibody responses to M.tb-specific antigens ESAT-6 and CFP-10. Antigen-specific antibody Fc galactosylation and sialylation were higher among RSTRs. In a combined T-cell and antibody analysis, M.tb lysate-stimulated TNF secretion by T cells correlated positively with levels of purified protein derivative-specific IgG. A multivariate model of the combined data was able to differentiate RSTR and LTBI subjects. INTERPRETATION IFN-γ independent immune signatures of exposure to M.tb, which are not detected by approved clinical diagnostics, are readily detectable in an occupational cohort uniquely characterized by intense and long-term infection pressure. Further, TNF may mediate a coordinated response between M.tb-specific T-cells and B-cells. FUNDING This work was supported by the US National Institutes of Health (R01-AI124348 to Boom, Stein, and Hawn; R01-AI125189 and R01-AI146072 to Seshadri; and 75N93019C00071 to Fortune, Alter, Seshadri, and Boom), the Doris Duke Charitable Foundation (Davies), the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP1151836 and OPP1109001 to Hawn; and OPP1151840 to Alter), Mass Life Science Foundation (Fortune), and Good Ventures Fund (Fortune).
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Affiliation(s)
- Leela R L Davies
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Malisa T Smith
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Deniz Cizmeci
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Lenette L Lu
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Erik D Layton
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alison D Grant
- TB Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Catherine M Stein
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Population & Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - W Henry Boom
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Thomas R Hawn
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sarah M Fortune
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert S Wallis
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; The Aurum Institute, Parktown, South Africa
| | - Gavin J Churchyard
- The Aurum Institute, Parktown, South Africa; Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Moderna Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Chetan Seshadri
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA; Seattle Tuberculosis Research Advancement Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
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10
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Bhaskar A, Pahuja I, Negi K, Verma A, Ghoshal A, Mathew B, Tripathi G, Maras JS, Chaturvedi S, Dwivedi VP. SIRT2 inhibition by AGK2 enhances mycobacteria-specific stem cell memory responses by modulating beta-catenin and glycolysis. iScience 2023; 26:106644. [PMID: 37192966 PMCID: PMC10182326 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) generates limited long-lasting adaptive memory responses leading to short-lived protection against adult pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). Here, we show that host sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) inhibition by AGK2 significantly enhances the BCG vaccine efficacy during primary infection and TB recurrence through enhanced stem cell memory (TSCM) responses. SIRT2 inhibition modulated the proteome landscape of CD4+ T cells affecting pathways involved in cellular metabolism and T-cell differentiation. Precisely, AGK2 treatment enriched the IFNγ-producing TSCM cells by activating β-catenin and glycolysis. Furthermore, SIRT2 specifically targeted histone H3 and NF-κB p65 to induce proinflammatory responses. Finally, inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway abolished the protective effects of AGK2 treatment during BCG vaccination. Taken together, this study provides a direct link between BCG vaccination, epigenetics, and memory immune responses. We identify SIRT2 as a key regulator of memory T cells during BCG vaccination and project SIRT2 inhibitors as potential immunoprophylaxis against TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashima Bhaskar
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
- Corresponding author
| | - Isha Pahuja
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - Kriti Negi
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Akanksha Verma
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Antara Ghoshal
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Babu Mathew
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Gaurav Tripathi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Jaswinder Singh Maras
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shivam Chaturvedi
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Ved Prakash Dwivedi
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
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11
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Lv W, He P, Ma Y, Tan D, Li F, Xie T, Han J, Wang J, Mi Y, Niu H, Zhu B. Optimizing the Boosting Schedule of Subunit Vaccines Consisting of BCG and "Non-BCG" Antigens to Induce Long-Term Immune Memory. Front Immunol 2022; 13:862726. [PMID: 35493466 PMCID: PMC9039131 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.862726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Boosting Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) with subunit vaccine is expected to induce long-term protection against tuberculosis (TB). However, it is urgently needed to optimize the boosting schedule of subunit vaccines, which consists of antigens from or not from BCG, to induce long-term immune memory. To address it two subunit vaccines, Mtb10.4-HspX (MH) consisting of BCG antigens and ESAT6-CFP10 (EC) consisting of antigens from the region of difference (RD) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis), were applied to immunize BCG-primed C57BL/6 mice twice or thrice with different intervals, respectively. The long-term antigen-specific immune responses and protective efficacy against M. tuberculosis H37Ra were determined. The results showed that following BCG priming, MH boosting twice at 12-24 weeks or EC immunizations thrice at 12-16-24 weeks enhanced the number and function of long-lived memory T cells with improved protection against H37Ra, while MH boosting thrice at 12-16-24 weeks or twice at 8-14 weeks and EC immunizations twice at 12-24 weeks or thrice at 8-10-14 weeks didn't induce long-term immunity. It suggests that following BCG priming, both BCG antigens MH boosting twice and "non-BCG" antigens EC immunizations thrice at suitable intervals induce long-lived memory T cell-mediated immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lv
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Clinical Translation and Lanzhou Center for Tuberculosis Research, Institute of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Pu He
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Clinical Translation and Lanzhou Center for Tuberculosis Research, Institute of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yanlin Ma
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Clinical Translation and Lanzhou Center for Tuberculosis Research, Institute of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Daquan Tan
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Clinical Translation and Lanzhou Center for Tuberculosis Research, Institute of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fei Li
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Clinical Translation and Lanzhou Center for Tuberculosis Research, Institute of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tao Xie
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Clinical Translation and Lanzhou Center for Tuberculosis Research, Institute of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiangyuan Han
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Clinical Translation and Lanzhou Center for Tuberculosis Research, Institute of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Clinical Translation and Lanzhou Center for Tuberculosis Research, Institute of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Youjun Mi
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Clinical Translation and Lanzhou Center for Tuberculosis Research, Institute of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Institute of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hongxia Niu
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Clinical Translation and Lanzhou Center for Tuberculosis Research, Institute of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bingdong Zhu
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Clinical Translation and Lanzhou Center for Tuberculosis Research, Institute of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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12
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Gideon HP, Hughes TK, Tzouanas CN, Wadsworth MH, Tu AA, Gierahn TM, Peters JM, Hopkins FF, Wei JR, Kummerlowe C, Grant NL, Nargan K, Phuah JY, Borish HJ, Maiello P, White AG, Winchell CG, Nyquist SK, Ganchua SKC, Myers A, Patel KV, Ameel CL, Cochran CT, Ibrahim S, Tomko JA, Frye LJ, Rosenberg JM, Shih A, Chao M, Klein E, Scanga CA, Ordovas-Montanes J, Berger B, Mattila JT, Madansein R, Love JC, Lin PL, Leslie A, Behar SM, Bryson B, Flynn JL, Fortune SM, Shalek AK. Multimodal profiling of lung granulomas in macaques reveals cellular correlates of tuberculosis control. Immunity 2022; 55:827-846.e10. [PMID: 35483355 PMCID: PMC9122264 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis lung infection results in a complex multicellular structure: the granuloma. In some granulomas, immune activity promotes bacterial clearance, but in others, bacteria persist and grow. We identified correlates of bacterial control in cynomolgus macaque lung granulomas by co-registering longitudinal positron emission tomography and computed tomography imaging, single-cell RNA sequencing, and measures of bacterial clearance. Bacterial persistence occurred in granulomas enriched for mast, endothelial, fibroblast, and plasma cells, signaling amongst themselves via type 2 immunity and wound-healing pathways. Granulomas that drove bacterial control were characterized by cellular ecosystems enriched for type 1-type 17, stem-like, and cytotoxic T cells engaged in pro-inflammatory signaling networks involving diverse cell populations. Granulomas that arose later in infection displayed functional characteristics of restrictive granulomas and were more capable of killing Mtb. Our results define the complex multicellular ecosystems underlying (lack of) granuloma resolution and highlight host immune targets that can be leveraged to develop new vaccine and therapeutic strategies for TB. Timing of granuloma formation influences local microenvironment and bacterial burden Mast cells, type 2 immunity, and tissue remodeling underlie early, high-burden granulomas Type1-type17 and cytotoxic T cells associate with late-forming, low-burden granulomas Distinct interaction circuits across granuloma phenotypes nominate therapeutic targets
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah P Gideon
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Travis K Hughes
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Constantine N Tzouanas
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Marc H Wadsworth
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ang Andy Tu
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Todd M Gierahn
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Joshua M Peters
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Forrest F Hopkins
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jun-Rong Wei
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Conner Kummerlowe
- Program in Computational and Systems Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nicole L Grant
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Jia Yao Phuah
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - H Jacob Borish
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Pauline Maiello
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alexander G White
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Caylin G Winchell
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sarah K Nyquist
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Program in Computational and Systems Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sharie Keanne C Ganchua
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Amy Myers
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kush V Patel
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Cassaundra L Ameel
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Catherine T Cochran
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Samira Ibrahim
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jaime A Tomko
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lonnie James Frye
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jacob M Rosenberg
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Angela Shih
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Chao
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edwin Klein
- Division of Laboratory Animal Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA, USA
| | - Charles A Scanga
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jose Ordovas-Montanes
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Bonnie Berger
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Joshua T Mattila
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rajhmun Madansein
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - J Christopher Love
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Philana Ling Lin
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alasdair Leslie
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa; School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Department of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Samuel M Behar
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Bryan Bryson
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - JoAnne L Flynn
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Sarah M Fortune
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Alex K Shalek
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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13
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Vakili ME, Faghih Z, Sarvari J, Doroudchi M, Hosseini SN, Kabelitz D, Kalantar K. Lower frequency of T stem cell memory (TSCM) cells in hepatitis B vaccine nonresponders. Immunol Res 2022; 70:469-480. [PMID: 35445310 PMCID: PMC9273562 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-022-09278-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Despite the availability of an effective vaccine and antiviral treatments, hepatitis B is still a global public health problem. Hepatitis B vaccination can prevent the disease. Vaccination induces long-lasting protective immune memory, and the identification of memory cell subsets can indicate the effectiveness of vaccines. Here, we compared the frequency of CD4+ memory T cell subsets between responders and nonresponders to HB vaccination. Besides, the frequency of IFN-γ+ memory T cells was compared between studied groups. Study participants were grouped according to their anti-HBsAb titer. For restimulation of CD4+ memory T cells, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were cultured in the presence of HBsAg and PHA for 48 h. Besides, PMA, ionomycin, and brefeldin were added during the last 5 h of incubation to induce IFN-γ production. Flow cytometry was used for analysis. There was a statistically significant difference in the frequency of CD4+CD95+, CD4+CD95Hi, and CD4+CD95low/med T stem cell memory (TSCM) cells between responder and nonresponder groups. However, the comparison of the frequency of memory T cells producing IFN-γ showed no differences. Our results identified a possible defect of immunological CD4+ memory T cell formation in nonresponders due to their lower frequency of CD4+ TSCM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Eshkevar Vakili
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Faghih
- School of Medicine, Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Jamal Sarvari
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehrnoosh Doroudchi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Nezamedin Hosseini
- Department of Recombinant Hepatitis B Vaccine, Production and Research Complex, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Dieter Kabelitz
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel and University Hospital Schleswig, Holstein Campus Kiel, 24105, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Kurosh Kalantar
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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14
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Rawle DJ, Le TT, Dumenil T, Bishop C, Yan K, Nakayama E, Bird PI, Suhrbier A. Widespread discrepancy in Nnt genotypes and genetic backgrounds complicates granzyme A and other knockout mouse studies. eLife 2022; 11:e70207. [PMID: 35119362 PMCID: PMC8816380 DOI: 10.7554/elife.70207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Granzyme A (GZMA) is a serine protease secreted by cytotoxic lymphocytes, with Gzma-/- mouse studies having informed our understanding of GZMA's physiological function. We show herein that Gzma-/- mice have a mixed C57BL/6J and C57BL/6N genetic background and retain the full-length nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase (Nnt) gene, whereas Nnt is truncated in C57BL/6J mice. Chikungunya viral arthritis was substantially ameliorated in Gzma-/- mice; however, the presence of Nnt and the C57BL/6N background, rather than loss of GZMA expression, was responsible for this phenotype. A new CRISPR active site mutant C57BL/6J GzmaS211A mouse provided the first insights into GZMA's bioactivity free of background issues, with circulating proteolytically active GZMA promoting immune-stimulating and pro-inflammatory signatures. Remarkably, k-mer mining of the Sequence Read Archive illustrated that ≈27% of Run Accessions and ≈38% of BioProjects listing C57BL/6J as the mouse strain had Nnt sequencing reads inconsistent with a C57BL/6J genetic background. Nnt and C57BL/6N background issues have clearly complicated our understanding of GZMA and may similarly have influenced studies across a broad range of fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Rawle
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Thuy T Le
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Troy Dumenil
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Cameron Bishop
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Kexin Yan
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Eri Nakayama
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbaneAustralia
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious DiseasesTokyoJapan
| | - Phillip I Bird
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | - Andreas Suhrbier
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbaneAustralia
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, GVN Center of ExcellenceBrisbaneAustralia
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15
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Xia Y, Liu A, Li W, Liu Y, Zhang G, Ye S, Zhao Z, Shi J, Jia Y, Liu X, Guo Y, Chen H, Yu J. Reference range of naïve T and T memory lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood of healthy adult. Clin Exp Immunol 2021; 207:208-217. [PMID: 35020890 PMCID: PMC8982966 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxab038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Naïve T and T memory cell subsets are closely related to immune response and can provide important information for the diagnosis and treatment of immunological and hematological disorders. Lymphocyte compartment undergoes dramatic changes during adulthood; age-related reference values derived from healthy individuals are crucial. However, extensively detailed reference values of peripheral blood lymphocytes in the whole spectrum of adulthood detected by multi-color flow cytometry on a single platform are rare. Three hundred and nine healthy adult volunteers were recruited from Tianjin in China. The absolute counts and percentages of CD3+CD4+ T cells, CD3+CD8+ T cells, naïve T cells (Tn), T memory stem cells (Tscm), central memory T cells (Tcm), effector memory T cells (Tem), and terminal effector T cells (Tte) were detected by flow cytometry with single platform technologies. Reference range of absolute counts and percentage of T lymphocyte subsets were formulated by different age and gender. The results showed that Tn and Tscm cells, which had stem cell properties, decreased with aging; while, Tcm and Tem increased with aging, which increased from 18 to 64 years old but presented no significant change over the 65 years old. Gender had an influence on the fluctuation of lymphocyte subsets, the absolute count of CD3+CD8+, CD8+Tcm, CD8+Tem in males were higher than those in females. The reference values of percentages and absolute numbers of naïve T and T memory cell subsets can help doctors to understand the immune state of patients and evaluate conditions of prognosis then adjust the treatment for patients. (Chinese Clinic Trial Registry number: ChiCTR-IOR-17014139.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xia
- Oncology Department, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China,Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Aqing Liu
- Oncology Department, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China,Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Wentao Li
- Oncology Department, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yunhe Liu
- Oncology Department, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Guan Zhang
- Oncology Department, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China,Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Songshan Ye
- Oncology Department, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China,Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhijieruo Zhao
- Oncology Department, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China,Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Juan Shi
- Oncology Department, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingjie Jia
- Oncology Department, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Clinic Laboratory, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongtie Guo
- Clinic Laboratory, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Huayu Chen
- Clinic Laboratory, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianchun Yu
- Oncology Department, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China,Correspondence: Jianchun Yu, Oncology Department, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China. E-mail:
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16
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Mateus J, Nocua P, Lasso P, López MC, Thomas MC, Egui A, Cuervo C, González JM, Puerta CJ, Cuéllar A. CD8 + T Cell Response Quality Is Related to Parasite Control in an Animal Model of Single and Mixed Chronic Trypanosoma cruzi Infections. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:723121. [PMID: 34712620 PMCID: PMC8546172 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.723121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease (ChD) is a chronic infection caused by Trypanosoma cruzi. This highly diverse intracellular parasite is classified into seven genotypes or discrete typing units (DTUs) and they overlap in geographic ranges, vectors, and clinical characteristics. Although studies have suggested that ChD progression is due to a decline in the immune response quality, a direct relationship between T cell responses and disease outcome is still unclear. To investigate the relationship between parasite control and immune T cell responses, we used two distinct infection approaches in an animal model to explore the histological and parasitological outcomes and dissect the T cell responses in T. cruzi-infected mice. First, we performed single infection experiments with DA (TcI) or Y (TcII) T. cruzi strains to compare the infection outcomes and evaluate its relationship with the T cell response. Second, because infections with diverse T. cruzi genotypes can occur in naturally infected individuals, mice were infected with the Y or DA strain and subsequently reinfected with the Y strain. We found different infection outcomes in the two infection approaches used. The single chronic infection showed differences in the inflammatory infiltrate level, while mixed chronic infection by different T. cruzi DTUs showed dissimilarities in the parasite loads. Chronically infected mice with a low inflammatory infiltrate (DA-infected mice) or low parasitemia and parasitism (Y/Y-infected mice) showed increases in early-differentiated CD8+ T cells, a multifunctional T cell response and lower expression of inhibitory receptors on CD8+ T cells. In contrast, infected mice with a high inflammatory infiltrate (Y-infected mice) or high parasitemia and parasitism (DA/Y-infected mice) showed a CD8+ T cell response distinguished by an increase in late-differentiated cells, a monofunctional response, and enhanced expression of inhibitory receptors. Overall, our results demonstrated that the infection outcomes caused by single or mixed T. cruzi infection with different genotypes induce a differential immune CD8+ T cell response quality. These findings suggest that the CD8+ T cell response might dictate differences in the infection outcomes at the chronic T. cruzi stage. This study shows that the T cell response quality is related to parasite control during chronic T. cruzi infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Mateus
- Grupo de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Paola Nocua
- Grupo de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Paola Lasso
- Grupo de Inmunobiología y Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Manuel Carlos López
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López Neyra, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain
| | - M Carmen Thomas
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López Neyra, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain
| | - Adriana Egui
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López Neyra, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain
| | - Claudia Cuervo
- Grupo de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - John Mario González
- Grupo de Ciencias Básicas Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Concepción J Puerta
- Grupo de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Adriana Cuéllar
- Grupo de Ciencias de Laboratorio Clínico, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
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17
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Ioannidis LJ, Pietrzak HM, Ly A, Utami RA, Eriksson EM, Studniberg SI, Abeysekera W, Li-Wai-Suen CS, Sheerin D, Healer J, Puspitasari AM, Apriyanti D, Coutrier FN, Poespoprodjo JR, Kenangalem E, Andries B, Prayoga P, Sariyanti N, Smyth GK, Trianty L, Cowman AF, Price RN, Noviyanti R, Hansen DS. High-dimensional mass cytometry identifies T cell and B cell signatures predicting reduced risk of Plasmodium vivax malaria. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e148086. [PMID: 34128836 PMCID: PMC8410020 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.148086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
IFN-γ-driven responses to malaria have been shown to modulate the development and function of T follicular helper (TFH) cells and memory B cells (MBCs), with conflicting evidence of their involvement in the induction of antibody responses required to achieve clinical immunity and their association with disease outcomes. Using high-dimensional single-cell mass cytometry, we identified distinct populations of TH1-polarized CD4+ T cells and MBCs expressing the TH1-defining transcription factor T-bet, associated with either increased or reduced risk of Plasmodium vivax (P. vivax) malaria, demonstrating that inflammatory responses to malaria are not universally detrimental for infection. Furthermore, we found that, whereas class-switched but not IgM+ MBCs were associated with a reduced risk of symptomatic malaria, populations of TH1 cells with a stem central memory phenotype, TH17 cells, and T regulatory cells were associated with protection from asymptomatic infection, suggesting that activation of cell-mediated immunity might also be required to control persistent P. vivax infection with low parasite burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa J. Ioannidis
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Halina M. Pietrzak
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ann Ly
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Retno A.S. Utami
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Emily M. Eriksson
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephanie I. Studniberg
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Waruni Abeysekera
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Connie S.N. Li-Wai-Suen
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dylan Sheerin
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Julie Healer
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Dwi Apriyanti
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Enny Kenangalem
- Papuan Health and Community Development Foundation, Papua, Indonesia
| | | | - Pak Prayoga
- Papuan Health and Community Development Foundation, Papua, Indonesia
| | - Novita Sariyanti
- Papuan Health and Community Development Foundation, Papua, Indonesia
| | - Gordon K. Smyth
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Leily Trianty
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Alan F. Cowman
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ric N. Price
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia.,Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Diana S. Hansen
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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18
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Zhao Y, Cai C, Samir J, Palgen JL, Keoshkerian E, Li H, Bull RA, Luciani F, An H, Lloyd AR. Human CD8 T-stem cell memory subsets phenotypic and functional characterization are defined by expression of CD122 or CXCR3. Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:1732-1747. [PMID: 33844287 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202049057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Long-lived T-memory stem cells (TSCM ) are key to both naturally occurring and vaccine-conferred protection against infection. These cells are characterized by the CD45RA+ CCR7+ CD95+ phenotype. Significant heterogeneity within the TSCM population is recognized, but distinguishing surface markers and functional characterization of potential subsets are lacking. Human CD8 TSCM subsets were identified in healthy subjects who had been previously exposed to CMV or Influenza (Flu) virus in flow cytometry by expression of CD122 or CXCR3, and then characterized in proliferation, multipotency, self-renewal, and intracellular cytokine production (TNF-α, IL-2, IFN-γ), together with transcriptomic profiles. The TSCM CD122hi -expressing subset (versus CD122lo ) demonstrated greater proliferation, greater multipotency, and enhanced polyfunctionality with higher frequencies of triple positive (TNF-α, IL-2, IFN-γ) cytokine-producing cells upon exposure to recall antigen. The TSCM CXCR3lo subpopulation also had increased proliferation and polyfunctional cytokine production. Transcriptomic analysis further showed that the TSCM CD122hi population had increased expression of activation and homing molecules, such as Ccr6, Cxcr6, Il12rb, and Il18rap, and downregulated cell proliferation inhibitors, S100A8 and S100A9. These data reveal that the TSCM CD122hi phenotype is associated with increased proliferation, enhanced multipotency and polyfunctionality with an activated memory-cell like transcriptional profile, and hence, may be favored for induction by immunization and for adoptive immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanran Zhao
- Viral Immunology Systems Program (VISP), The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Curtis Cai
- Viral Immunology Systems Program (VISP), The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jerome Samir
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jean-Louis Palgen
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Keoshkerian
- Viral Immunology Systems Program (VISP), The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Hui Li
- Viral Immunology Systems Program (VISP), The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rowena A Bull
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Fabio Luciani
- Viral Immunology Systems Program (VISP), The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Hongyan An
- Viral Immunology Systems Program (VISP), The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Andrew R Lloyd
- Viral Immunology Systems Program (VISP), The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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19
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He X, Eddy JJ, Jacobson KR, Henderson AJ, Agosto LM. Enhanced Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Replication in CD4+ T Cells Derived From Individuals With Latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection. J Infect Dis 2021; 222:1550-1560. [PMID: 32417884 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection increases mortality, accelerates progression to acquired immune deficiency syndrome, and exacerbates tuberculosis disease. However, the impact of pre-existing Mtb infection on subsequent HIV infection has not been fully explored. We hypothesized that Mtb infection creates an immunological environment that influences the course of HIV infection, and we investigated whether pre-existing Mtb infection impacts the susceptibility of CD4+ T cells to HIV-1 infection. METHODS Plasma and blood CD4+ T cells isolated from HIV-negative individuals across the Mtb infection spectrum and non-Mtb-infected control individuals were analyzed for inflammation markers and T-cell phenotypes. CD4+ T cells were infected with HIV-1 in vitro and were monitored for viral replication. RESULTS We observed differences in proinflammatory cytokines and the relative proportion of memory T-cell subsets depending on Mtb infection status. CD4+ T cells derived from individuals with latent Mtb infection supported more efficient HIV-1 transcription, release, and replication. Enhanced HIV-1 replication correlated with higher percentages of CD4+ TEM and TTD cells. CONCLUSIONS Pre-existing Mtb infection creates an immunological environment that reflects Mtb infection status and influences the susceptibility of CD4+ T cells to HIV-1 replication. These findings provide cellular and molecular insights into how pre-existing Mtb infection influences HIV-1 pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianbao He
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jared J Eddy
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Karen R Jacobson
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrew J Henderson
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Luis M Agosto
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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20
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Morgan J, Muskat K, Tippalagama R, Sette A, Burel J, Lindestam Arlehamn CS. Classical CD4 T cells as the cornerstone of antimycobacterial immunity. Immunol Rev 2021; 301:10-29. [PMID: 33751597 PMCID: PMC8252593 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis is a significant health problem without an effective vaccine to combat it. A thorough understanding of the immune response and correlates of protection is needed to develop a more efficient vaccine. The immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is complex and involves all aspects of the immune system, however, the optimal protective, non‐pathogenic T cell response against Mtb is still elusive. This review will focus on discussing CD4 T cell immunity against mycobacteria and its importance in Mtb infection with a primary focus on human studies. We will in particular discuss the large heterogeneity of immune cell subsets that have been revealed by recent immunological investigations at an unprecedented level of detail. These studies have identified specific classical CD4 T cell subsets important for immune responses against Mtb in various states of infection. We further discuss the functional attributes that have been linked to the various subsets such as upregulation of activation markers and cytokine production. Another important topic to be considered is the antigenic targets of Mtb‐specific immune responses, and how antigen reactivity is influenced by both disease state and environmental exposure(s). These are key points for both vaccines and immune diagnostics development. Ultimately, these factors are holistically considered in the definition and investigations of what are the correlates on protection and resolution of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Morgan
- Center for Infectious Disease, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kaylin Muskat
- Center for Infectious Disease, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rashmi Tippalagama
- Center for Infectious Disease, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Infectious Disease, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Julie Burel
- Center for Infectious Disease, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
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21
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Mpande CAM, Rozot V, Mosito B, Musvosvi M, Dintwe OB, Bilek N, Hatherill M, Scriba TJ, Nemes E. Immune profiling of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific T cells in recent and remote infection. EBioMedicine 2021; 64:103233. [PMID: 33610126 PMCID: PMC7902886 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) infection is associated with a higher risk of progression to tuberculosis disease, compared to persistent infection after remote exposure. However, current immunodiagnostic tools fail to distinguish between recent and remote infection. We aimed to characterise the immunobiology associated with acquisition of M.tb infection and identify a biomarker that can distinguish recent from remote infection. METHODS Healthy South African adolescents were serially tested with QuantiFERON-TB Gold to define recent (QuantiFERON-TB conversion <6 months) and persistent (QuantiFERON-TB+ for >1.5 year) infection. We characterised M.tb-specific CD4 T cell functional (IFN-γ, TNF, IL-2, CD107, CD154), memory (CD45RA, CCR7, CD27, KLRG-1) and activation (HLA-DR) profiles by flow cytometry after CFP-10/ESAT-6 peptide pool or M.tb lysate stimulation. We then assessed the diagnostic performance of immune profiles that were differentially expressed between individuals with recent or persistent QuantiFERON-TB+. FINDINGS CFP-10/ESAT-6-specific CD4 T cell activation but not functional or memory phenotypes distinguished between individuals with recent and persistent QuantiFERON-TB+. In response to M.tb lysate, recent QuantiFERON-TB+ individuals had lower proportions of highly differentiated IFN-γ+TNF+ CD4 T cells expressing a KLRG-1+ effector phenotype and higher proportions of early differentiated IFN-γ-TNF+IL-2+ and activated CD4 T cells compared to persistent QuantiFERON-TB+ individuals. Among all differentially expressed T cell features CFP-10/ESAT-6-specific CD4 T cell activation was the best performing diagnostic biomarker of recent infection. INTERPRETATION Recent M.tb infection is associated with highly activated and moderately differentiated functional M.tb-specific T cell subsets, that can be used as biomarkers to distinguish between recent and remote infection. FUNDING US National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, South African National Research Foundation, South African Medical Research Council, and Aeras.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheleka A M Mpande
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Virginie Rozot
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Boitumelo Mosito
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Munyaradzi Musvosvi
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - One B Dintwe
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nicole Bilek
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mark Hatherill
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Thomas J Scriba
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Elisa Nemes
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
| | -
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, South Africa
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22
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Willis RA, Ramachandiran V, Shires JC, Bai G, Jeter K, Bell DL, Han L, Kazarian T, Ugwu KC, Laur O, Contreras-Alcantara S, Long DL, Altman JD. Production of Class II MHC Proteins in Lentiviral Vector-Transduced HEK-293T Cells for Tetramer Staining Reagents. Curr Protoc 2021; 1:e36. [PMID: 33539685 PMCID: PMC7880703 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Class II major histocompatibility complex peptide (MHC-IIp) multimers are precisely engineered reagents used to detect T cells specific for antigens from pathogens, tumors, and self-proteins. While the related Class I MHC/peptide (MHC-Ip) multimers are usually produced from subunits expressed in E. coli, most Class II MHC alleles cannot be produced in bacteria, and this has contributed to the perception that MHC-IIp reagents are harder to produce. Herein, we present a robust constitutive expression system for soluble biotinylated MHC-IIp proteins that uses stable lentiviral vector-transduced derivatives of HEK-293T cells. The expression design includes allele-specific peptide ligands tethered to the amino-terminus of the MHC-II β chain via a protease-cleavable linker. Following cleavage of the linker, HLA-DM is used to catalyze efficient peptide exchange, enabling high-throughput production of many distinct MHC-IIp complexes from a single production cell line. Peptide exchange is monitored using either of two label-free methods, native isoelectric focusing gel electrophoresis or matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry of eluted peptides. Together, these methods produce MHC-IIp complexes that are highly homogeneous and that form the basis for excellent MHC-IIp multimer reagents. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Lentivirus production and expression line creation Support Protocol 1: Six-well assay for estimation of production cell line yield Support Protocol 2: Universal ELISA for quantifying proteins with fused leucine zippers and His-tags Basic Protocol 2: Cultures for production of Class II MHC proteins Basic Protocol 3: Purification of Class II MHC proteins by anti-leucine zipper affinity chromatography Alternate Protocol 1: IMAC purification of His-tagged Class II MHC Support Protocol 3: Protein concentration measurements and adjustments Support Protocol 4: Polishing purification by anion-exchange chromatography Support Protocol 5: Estimating biotinylation percentage by streptavidin precipitation Basic Protocol 4: Peptide exchange Basic Protocol 5: Analysis of peptide exchange by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry Alternate Protocol 2: Native isoelectric focusing to validate MHC-II peptide loading Basic Protocol 6: Multimerization Basic Protocol 7: Staining cells with Class II MHC tetramers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Willis
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Vasanthi Ramachandiran
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - John C Shires
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ge Bai
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Kelly Jeter
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Donielle L Bell
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Lixia Han
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Tamara Kazarian
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Kyla C Ugwu
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Oskar Laur
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
- Emory Custom Cloning Core Facility, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Susana Contreras-Alcantara
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Dale L Long
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - John D Altman
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
- Center for AIDS Research, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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23
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Ahmad S, Bhattacharya D, Gupta N, Rawat V, Tousif S, Van Kaer L, Das G. Clofazimine enhances the efficacy of BCG revaccination via stem cell-like memory T cells. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008356. [PMID: 32437421 PMCID: PMC7269335 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the deadliest diseases, claiming ~2 million deaths annually worldwide. The majority of people in TB endemic regions are vaccinated with Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG), which is the only usable vaccine available. BCG is efficacious against meningeal and disseminated TB in children, but protective responses are relatively short-lived and fail to protect against adult pulmonary TB. The longevity of vaccine efficacy critically depends on the magnitude of long-lasting central memory T (TCM) cells, a major source of which is stem cell-like memory T (TSM) cells. These TSM cells exhibit enhanced self-renewal capacity as well as to rapidly respond to antigen and generate protective poly-functional T cells producing IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2 and IL-17. It is now evident that T helper Th 1 and Th17 cells are essential for host protection against TB. Recent reports have indicated that Th17 cells preserve the molecular signature for TSM cells, which eventually differentiate into IFN-γ-producing effector cells. BCG is ineffective in inducing Th17 cell responses, which might explain its inadequate vaccine efficacy. Here, we show that revaccination with BCG along with clofazimine treatment promotes TSM differentiation, which continuously restores TCM and T effector memory (TEM) cells and drastically increases vaccine efficacy in BCG-primed animals. Analyses of these TSM cells revealed that they are predominantly precursors to host protective Th1 and Th17 cells. Taken together, these findings revealed that clofazimine treatment at the time of BCG revaccination provides superior host protection against TB by increasing long-lasting TSM cells. Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the deadliest diseases, claiming ~2 million deaths annually worldwide. Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) is the only usable vaccine available and exhibits efficacy against meningeal and disseminated TB in children. Consequently, the vast majority of people in TB endemic regions are vaccinated with BCG. However, host protective immune responses diminish over time due to gradual depletion of T central memory (TCM) cells, which are responsible for long-term host protection. Here, we provide evidence that revaccination with BCG along with the clofazimine, an approved drug for treatment of leprosy and drug-resistant TB, induces stem cell-like memory T (TSM) cells. TSM cells are precursors to TCM cells, and provide long-term host protection to TB by continuous supply of TCM cells. Interestingly, these TSM cells were generated from IL-17-producing T helper (Th)17 cells. These TSM cells differentiated into TCM and T effector memory (TEM) cells and maintained a stable pool of critically important Th1 and Th17 cells to provide optimal host protection against TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaheer Ahmad
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Neeta Gupta
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Varsha Rawat
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Sultan Tousif
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Luc Van Kaer
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Gobardhan Das
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
- * E-mail:
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24
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Mapping the extent of heterogeneity of human CCR5+ CD4+ T cells in peripheral blood and lymph nodes. AIDS 2020; 34:833-848. [PMID: 32044843 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000002503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD4 T cells that express the chemokine receptor, CCR5, are the most important target of HIV-1 infection, but their functions, phenotypes and anatomical locations are poorly understood. We aimed to use multiparameter flow cytometry to better define the full breadth of these cells. METHODS High-parameter fluorescence flow and mass cytometry were optimized to analyse subsets of CCR5 memory CD4 T cells, including CD25CD127 Tregs, CXCR3CCR6- Th1-like, CCR6CD161CXCR3- Th17-like, integrins α4ß7 gut-homing, CCR4 skin-homing, CD62L lymph node-homing, CD38HLA-DR activated cells, and CD27-CD28- cytotoxic T lymphocytes, in a total of 22 samples of peripheral blood, ultrasound-guided fine needle biopsies of lymph nodes and excised tonsils. CCR5 antigen-specific CD4 T cells were studied using the OX40 flow-based assay. RESULTS 10-20% of CCR5 memory CD4 T cells were Tregs, 10-30% were gut-homing, 10-30% were skin-homing, 20-40% were lymph node-homing, 20-50% were Th1-like and 20-40% were Th17-like cells. Up to 30% were cytotoxic T lymphocytes in CMV-seropositive donors, including cells that were either CCR5Granzyme K or CCR5Granzyme B. When all possible phenotypes were exhaustively analysed, more than 150 different functional and trafficking subsets of CCR5 CD4 T cells were seen. Moreover, a small population of resident CD69Granzyme KCCR5 CD4 T cells was found in lymphoid tissues. CMV- and Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific CD4 T cells were predominantly CCR5. CONCLUSION These results reveal for the first time the prodigious heterogeneity of function and trafficking of CCR5 CD4 T cells in blood and in lymphoid tissue, with significant implications for rational approaches to prophylaxis for HIV-1 infection and for purging of the HIV-1 reservoir in those participants already infected.
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25
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Precision medicine in the clinical management of respiratory tract infections including multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: learning from innovations in immuno-oncology. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2020; 25:233-241. [PMID: 30883448 DOI: 10.1097/mcp.0000000000000575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In the light of poor management outcomes of antibiotic-resistant respiratory tract infection (RTI)-associated sepsis syndrome and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), new management interventions based on host-directed therapies (HDTs) are warranted to improve morbidity, mortality and long-term functional outcomes. We review developments in potential HDTs based on precision cancer therapy concepts applicable to RTIs including MDR-TB. RECENT FINDINGS Immune reactivity, tissue destruction and repair processes identified during studies of cancer immunotherapy share common pathogenetic mechanisms with RTI-associated sepsis syndrome and MDR-TB. T-cell receptors (TCRs) and chimeric antigen receptors targeting pathogen-specific or host-derived mutated molecules (major histocompatibility class-dependent/ major histocompatibility class-independent) can be engineered for recognition by TCR γδ and natural killer (NK) cells. T-cell subsets and, more recently, NK cells are shown to be host-protective. These cells can also be activated by immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) or derived from allogeneic sources and serve as potential for improving clinical outcomes in RTIs and MDR-TB. SUMMARY Recent developments of immunotherapy in cancer reveal common pathways in immune reactivity, tissue destruction and repair. RTIs-related sepsis syndrome exhibits mixed immune reactions, making cytokine or ICI therapy guided by robust biomarker analyses, viable treatment options.
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26
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Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) host defense depends on cellular immunity, including macrophages and adaptively acquired CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. More recently, roles for new immune components, including neutrophils, innate T cells, and B cells, have been defined, and the understanding of the function of macrophages and adaptively acquired T cells has been advanced. Moreover, the understanding of TB immunology elucidates TB infection and disease as a spectrum. Finally, determinates of TB host defense, such as age and comorbidities, affect clinical expression of TB disease. Herein, the authors comprehensively review TB immunology with an emphasis on new advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Lewinsohn
- Oregon Health and Science University, 3710 Southwest U.S. Veterans Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Deborah A Lewinsohn
- Oregon Health and Science University, 707 Southwest Gaines Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
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27
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Cianciotti BC, Ruggiero E, Campochiaro C, Oliveira G, Magnani ZI, Baldini M, Doglio M, Tassara M, Manfredi AA, Baldissera E, Ciceri F, Cieri N, Bonini C. CD4+ Memory Stem T Cells Recognizing Citrullinated Epitopes Are Expanded in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis and Sensitive to Tumor Necrosis Factor Blockade. Arthritis Rheumatol 2020; 72:565-575. [PMID: 31682074 DOI: 10.1002/art.41157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Memory stem T (Tscm) cells are long-lived, self-renewing T cells that play a relevant role in immunologic memory. This study was undertaken to investigate whether Tscm cells accumulate in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS The polarization and differentiation profiles of circulating T cells were assessed by flow cytometry. Antigen-specific T cells were characterized by staining with major histocompatibility complex class II tetramers. The T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire was analyzed by high-throughput sequencing using an unbiased RNA-based approach in CD4+ T cell subpopulations sorted by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. RESULTS We analyzed the dynamics of circulating Tscm cells (identified as CD45RA+CD62L+CD95+ T cells) by flow cytometry in 27 RA patients, 16 of whom were also studied during treatment with the anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) agent etanercept. Age-matched healthy donors were used as controls. CD4+ Tscm cells were selectively and significantly expanded in RA patients in terms of frequency and absolute numbers, and significantly contracted upon anti-TNF treatment. Expanded CD4+ Tscm cells displayed a prevalent Th17 phenotype and a skewed TCR repertoire in RA patients, with the 10 most abundant clones representing up to 53.7% of the detected sequences. CD4+ lymphocytes specific for a citrullinated vimentin (Cit-vimentin) epitope were expanded in RA patients with active disease. Tscm cells accounted for a large fraction of Cit-vimentin-specific CD4+ cells. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that Tscm cells, including expanded clones specific for relevant autoantigens, accumulate in RA patients not exposed to biologic agents, and might be involved in the natural history of the disease. Further analysis of Tscm cell dynamics in autoimmune disorders may have implications for the design and efficacy assessment of innovative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Corrado Campochiaro
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Angelo A Manfredi
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Fabio Ciceri
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Bonini
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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28
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Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) vaccine research has reached a unique point in time. Breakthrough findings in both the basic immunology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and the clinical development of TB vaccines suggest, for the first time since the discovery of the Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine more than a century ago, that a novel, efficacious TB vaccine is imminent. Here, we review recent data in the light of our current understanding of the immunology of TB infection and discuss the identification of biomarkers for vaccine efficacy and the next steps in the quest for an efficacious vaccine that can control the global TB epidemic.
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29
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Kared H, Tan SW, Lau MC, Chevrier M, Tan C, How W, Wong G, Strickland M, Malleret B, Amoah A, Pilipow K, Zanon V, Govern NM, Lum J, Chen JM, Lee B, Florian MC, Geiger H, Ginhoux F, Ruiz-Mateos E, Fulop T, Rajasuriar R, Kamarulzaman A, Ng TP, Lugli E, Larbi A. Immunological history governs human stem cell memory CD4 heterogeneity via the Wnt signaling pathway. Nat Commun 2020; 11:821. [PMID: 32041953 PMCID: PMC7010798 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14442-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The diversity of the naïve T cell repertoire drives the replenishment potential and capacity of memory T cells to respond to immune challenges. Attrition of the immune system is associated with an increased prevalence of pathologies in aged individuals, but whether stem cell memory T lymphocytes (TSCM) contribute to such attrition is still unclear. Using single cells RNA sequencing and high-dimensional flow cytometry, we demonstrate that TSCM heterogeneity results from differential engagement of Wnt signaling. In humans, aging is associated with the coupled loss of Wnt/β-catenin signature in CD4 TSCM and systemic increase in the levels of Dickkopf-related protein 1, a natural inhibitor of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Functional assays support recent thymic emigrants as the precursors of CD4 TSCM. Our data thus hint that reversing TSCM defects by metabolic targeting of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway may be a viable approach to restore and preserve immune homeostasis in the context of immunological history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassen Kared
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Immunos Building, 8A Biomedical Grove, Biopolis, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Shu Wen Tan
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Immunos Building, 8A Biomedical Grove, Biopolis, Republic of Singapore
| | - Mai Chan Lau
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Immunos Building, 8A Biomedical Grove, Biopolis, Republic of Singapore
| | - Marion Chevrier
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Immunos Building, 8A Biomedical Grove, Biopolis, Republic of Singapore
| | - Crystal Tan
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Immunos Building, 8A Biomedical Grove, Biopolis, Republic of Singapore
| | - Wilson How
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Immunos Building, 8A Biomedical Grove, Biopolis, Republic of Singapore
| | - Glenn Wong
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Immunos Building, 8A Biomedical Grove, Biopolis, Republic of Singapore
| | - Marie Strickland
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Immunos Building, 8A Biomedical Grove, Biopolis, Republic of Singapore
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Benoit Malleret
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Immunos Building, 8A Biomedical Grove, Biopolis, Republic of Singapore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Amanda Amoah
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Karolina Pilipow
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Laboratory of Translational Immunology (LTI), Rozzano, Italy
| | - Veronica Zanon
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Laboratory of Translational Immunology (LTI), Rozzano, Italy
| | - Naomi Mc Govern
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Immunos Building, 8A Biomedical Grove, Biopolis, Republic of Singapore
| | - Josephine Lum
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Immunos Building, 8A Biomedical Grove, Biopolis, Republic of Singapore
| | - Jin Miao Chen
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Immunos Building, 8A Biomedical Grove, Biopolis, Republic of Singapore
| | - Bernett Lee
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Immunos Building, 8A Biomedical Grove, Biopolis, Republic of Singapore
| | | | - Hartmut Geiger
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, CCHMC, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Florent Ginhoux
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Immunos Building, 8A Biomedical Grove, Biopolis, Republic of Singapore
| | - Ezequiel Ruiz-Mateos
- Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, CSIC, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Tamas Fulop
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Reena Rajasuriar
- Centre of Excellence for Research in AIDS (CERiA), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Adeeba Kamarulzaman
- Centre of Excellence for Research in AIDS (CERiA), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Tze Pin Ng
- Gerontology Research Programme and Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Enrico Lugli
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Laboratory of Translational Immunology (LTI), Rozzano, Italy
| | - Anis Larbi
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Immunos Building, 8A Biomedical Grove, Biopolis, Republic of Singapore.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore.
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.
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30
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Schanoski AS, Le TT, Kaiserman D, Rowe C, Prow NA, Barboza DD, Santos CA, Zanotto PMA, Magalhães KG, Aurelio L, Muller D, Young P, Zhao P, Bird PI, Suhrbier A. Granzyme A in Chikungunya and Other Arboviral Infections. Front Immunol 2020; 10:3083. [PMID: 31993061 PMCID: PMC6971054 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.03083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Granzyme A (GzmA) is secreted by cytotoxic lymphocytes and has traditionally been viewed as a mediator of cell death. However, a growing body of data suggests the physiological role of GzmA is promotion of inflammation. Here, we show that GzmA is significantly elevated in the sera of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) patients and that GzmA levels correlated with viral loads and disease scores in these patients. Serum GzmA levels were also elevated in CHIKV mouse models, with NK cells the likely source. Infection of mice deficient in type I interferon responses with CHIKV, Zika virus, or dengue virus resulted in high levels of circulating GzmA. We also show that subcutaneous injection of enzymically active recombinant mouse GzmA was able to mediate inflammation, both locally at the injection site as well as at a distant site. Protease activated receptors (PARs) may represent targets for GzmA, and we show that treatment with PAR antagonist ameliorated GzmA- and CHIKV-mediated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thuy T Le
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Dion Kaiserman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Caitlin Rowe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Natalie A Prow
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Diego D Barboza
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cliomar A Santos
- Health Foundation Parreiras Horta, Central Laboratory of Public Health, State Secretary for Health, Aracajú, Brazil
| | - Paolo M A Zanotto
- Laboratory of Molecular Evolution and Bioinformatics, Department of Microbiology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kelly G Magalhães
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Luigi Aurelio
- Drug Discovery Biology and Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - David Muller
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Paul Young
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Peishen Zhao
- Drug Discovery Biology and Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Phillip I Bird
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andreas Suhrbier
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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31
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Yuan J, Tenant J, Pacatte T, Eickhoff C, Blazevic A, Hoft DF, Chatterjee S. A Subset of Mycobacteria-Specific CD4 + IFN-γ + T Cell Expressing Naive Phenotype Confers Protection against Tuberculosis Infection in the Lung. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:972-980. [PMID: 31253726 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Failure of the most recent tuberculosis (TB) vaccine trial to boost bacillus Calmette-Guérin-mediated anti-TB immunity despite the induction of Th1-specific central memory cell and effector memory cell responses highlights the importance of identifying optimal T cell targets for protective vaccines. In this study, we describe a novel, Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific IFN-γ+CD4+ T cell population expressing surface markers characteristic of naive-like memory T cells (TNLM), which were induced in both human (CD45RA+CCR7+CD27+CD95-) and murine (CD62L+CD44-Sca-1+CD122-) systems in response to mycobacteria. In bacillus Calmette-Guérin-vaccinated subjects and those with latent TB infection, TNLM were marked by the production of IFN-γ but not TNF-α and identified by the absence of CD95 expression and increased surface expression CCR7, CD27, the activation markers T-bet, CD69, and the survival marker CD74. Increased tetramer-positive TNLM frequencies were noted in the lung and spleen of ESAT-61-20-specific TCR transgenic mice at 2 wk postinfection with M. tuberculosis and progressively decreased at later time points, a pattern not seen with TNF-α+CD4+ T cells expressing naive cell surface markers. Importantly, adoptive transfer of highly purified TNLM alone, from vaccinated ESAT-61-20-specific TCR transgenic mice, conferred equivalent protection against M. tuberculosis infection in the lungs of Rag-/- mice when compared with total memory populations (central and effector memory cells). Thus, TNLM may represent a memory T cell population that, if optimally targeted, may significantly improve future TB vaccine responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyun Yuan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104
| | - Janice Tenant
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104
| | - Thomas Pacatte
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104
| | - Christopher Eickhoff
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104
| | - Azra Blazevic
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104
| | - Daniel F Hoft
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104
| | - Soumya Chatterjee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104
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32
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Counoupas C, Triccas JA. The generation of T-cell memory to protect against tuberculosis. Immunol Cell Biol 2019; 97:656-663. [PMID: 31127962 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) kills more individuals each year than any other single pathogen and a more effective vaccine is critical for the global control of the disease. Although there has been recent progress in the clinical testing of candidates, no new vaccine has been licensed for use and correlates of protective immunity in humans have not been defined. Prior Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection does not appear to confer long-term protective immunity in humans; thus mimicking the natural immune response to infection may not be a suitable approach to develop improved TB vaccines. Data from animal testing are used to progress vaccines through the "vaccine pipeline", but studies in animals have not been able to predict efficacy in humans. Furthermore, although the generation of conventional CD4+ T-cell responses are considered necessary to control infection with M. tuberculosis, these do not necessarily correlate with protection induced by candidate vaccines and other immune components may play a role, including donor unrestricted T cells, tissue-resident memory T cells and anti-M. tuberculosis antibodies. This review will summarize the current understanding of the protective immune responses following M. tuberculosis infection or vaccination, with a particular focus on vaccines that have recently entered clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Counoupas
- Discipline of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Tuberculosis Research Program, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - James A Triccas
- Discipline of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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33
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Lyadova I, Nikitina I. Cell Differentiation Degree as a Factor Determining the Role for Different T-Helper Populations in Tuberculosis Protection. Front Immunol 2019; 10:972. [PMID: 31134070 PMCID: PMC6517507 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient tuberculosis (TB) control depends on early TB prediction and prevention. Solution to these tasks requires knowledge of TB protection correlates (TB CoPs), i.e., laboratory markers that are mechanistically involved in the protection and which allow to determine how well an individual is protected against TB or how efficient the candidate TB vaccine is. The search for TB CoPs has been largely focused on different T-helper populations, however, the data are controversial, and no reliable CoPs are still known. Here we discuss the role of different T-helper populations in TB protection focusing predominantly on Th17, “non-classical” Th1 (Th1*) and “classical” Th1 (cTh1) populations. We analyze how these populations differ besides their effector activity and suggest the hypothesis that: (i) links the protective potential of Th17, Th1*, and cTh1 to their differentiation degree and plasticity; (ii) implies different roles of these populations in response to vaccination, latent TB infection (LTBI), and active TB. One of the clinically relevant outcomes of this hypothesis is that over-stimulating T cells during vaccination and biasing T cell response toward the preferential generation of Th1 are not beneficial. The review sheds new light on the problem of TB CoPs and will help develop better strategies for TB control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Lyadova
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Histogenesis, Koltsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Moscow, Russia.,Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Immunology, Central Tuberculosis Research Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina Nikitina
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Histogenesis, Koltsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Moscow, Russia.,Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Immunology, Central Tuberculosis Research Institute, Moscow, Russia
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34
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Mousset CM, Hobo W, Woestenenk R, Preijers F, Dolstra H, van der Waart AB. Comprehensive Phenotyping of T Cells Using Flow Cytometry. Cytometry A 2019; 95:647-654. [PMID: 30714682 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The T cell compartment can form a powerful defense against extrinsic (e.g., pathogens) and intrinsic danger (e.g., malignant cells). At the same time, specific subsets of T cells control this process to keep the immune system in check and prevent autoimmunity. A wide variety in T cell functionalities exists, which is dependent on the differentiation and maturation state of the T cells. In this review, we report an overview for the identification of CD4+ T-αβ cells (T-helper (Th)1, Th2, Th9, Th17, Th22, and CD4+ regulatory T cells), CD8+ T-αβ cells (cytotoxic T lymphocyte (Tc)1, Tc2, Tc9, Tc17, and CD8+ regulatory T cells), and their additional effector memory status (naïve, stem cell memory, central memory, effector memory, and effector) using flow cytometry. These different subsets can be discriminated based on selective extracellular markers, in combination with intracellular transcription factor and/or cytokine stainings. Additionally, identification of very small subsets, including antigen-specific T cells, and important technical considerations of flow cytometry are discussed. Together, this overview can be used for comprehensive phenotyping of a T cell subset of interest. © 2019 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte M Mousset
- Department of Laboratory Medicine - Laboratory of Hematology, Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Willemijn Hobo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine - Laboratory of Hematology, Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rob Woestenenk
- Department of Laboratory Medicine - Laboratory of Hematology, Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Preijers
- Department of Laboratory Medicine - Laboratory of Hematology, Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Harry Dolstra
- Department of Laboratory Medicine - Laboratory of Hematology, Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anniek B van der Waart
- Department of Laboratory Medicine - Laboratory of Hematology, Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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35
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Rao M, Ippolito G, Mfinanga S, Ntoumi F, Yeboah-Manu D, Vilaplana C, Zumla A, Maeurer M. Improving treatment outcomes for MDR-TB - Novel host-directed therapies and personalised medicine of the future. Int J Infect Dis 2019; 80S:S62-S67. [PMID: 30685590 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2019.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) is a major threat to global health security. In 2017, only 50% of patients with MDR-TB who received WHO-recommended treatment were cured. Most MDR-TB patients who recover continue to suffer from functional disability due to long-term lung damage. Whilst new MDR-TB treatment regimens are becoming available, conventional drug therapies need to be complemented with host-directed therapies (HDTs) to reduce tissue damage and improve functional treatment outcomes. This viewpoint highlights recent data on biomarkers, immune cells, circulating effector molecules and genetics which could be utilised for developing personalised HDTs. Novel technologies currently used for cancer therapy which could facilitate in-depth understanding of host genetics and the microbiome in patients with MDR-TB are discussed. Against this background, personalised cell-based HDTs for adjunct MDR-TB treatment to improve clinical outcomes are proposed as a possibility for complementing standard therapy and other HDT agents. Insights into the molecular biology of the mechanisms of action of cellular HDTs may also aid to devise non-cell-based therapies targeting defined inflammatory pathway(s) in Mtb-driven immunopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Rao
- ImmunoSurgery Unit, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Giuseppe Ippolito
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Lazzaro Spallanzani, Rome, Italy.
| | - Sayoki Mfinanga
- National Institute of Medical Research Muhimbili, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
| | - Francine Ntoumi
- University Marien NGouabi and Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche Médicale (FCRM), Brazzaville, Congo; Institute for Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Dorothy Yeboah-Manu
- Department of Bacteriology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Accra, Ghana.
| | - Cris Vilaplana
- Experimental Tuberculosis Unit (UTE), Fundació Institut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Badalona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Alimuddin Zumla
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
| | - Markus Maeurer
- ImmunoSurgery Unit, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal; Department of Oncology and Haematology, Krankenhaus Nordwest, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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36
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Jhilmeet N, Lowe DM, Riou C, Scriba TJ, Coussens A, Goliath R, Wilkinson RJ, Wilkinson KA. The effect of antiretroviral treatment on selected genes in whole blood from HIV-infected adults sensitised by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0209516. [PMID: 30589870 PMCID: PMC6307796 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 co-infection is a leading cause of susceptibility to tuberculosis (TB), with the risk of TB being increased at all stages of HIV-1 infection. Antiretroviral treatment (ART) is the most effective way to reduce the risk of TB in HIV-1 co-infected people. Studying protective, ART-induced, immune restoration in HIV-1 infected individuals sensitised by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) can thus help identify mechanisms of protection against TB. In order to understand ART-mediated prevention of TB in HIV-1 infected adults, we investigated the expression of 30 genes in whole blood from HIV-1 infected patients during the first 6 months of ART-induced immune reconstitution. The 30 selected genes were previously described to be differentially expressed between sorted Mtb specific central and effector memory CD4 T cells. HIV-1 infected persons sensitised by Mtb were recruited in Khayelitsha, South Africa, when initiating ART. RNA was extracted from whole blood at initiation and 1, 3 and 6 months of ART. qRT-PCR was used to determine gene expression and three reference ‘housekeeping’ genes were used to calculate the fold change in the expression of each gene relative to day 0 of ART. Results were assessed longitudinally. We observed a decrease in the expression of a number of genes at 6 months of ART, reflecting a decrease in immune activation. However, following correction for multiple comparisons and increasing CD4 counts, only the decrease in CD27 gene expression remained statistically significant. While not statistically significant, a number of genes also showed increased expression at various timepoints, illustrating the broad regeneration of the T cell pool in HIV-1 infected adults on ART. Our findings generate hypotheses underlying ART- induced protective immune reconstitution and may pave the way for future studies to evaluate ART mediated prevention of TB in HIV-1 infected persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishtha Jhilmeet
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - David M. Lowe
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Catherine Riou
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Thomas J. Scriba
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Anna Coussens
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Rene Goliath
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Robert J. Wilkinson
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katalin Andrea Wilkinson
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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37
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Caccamo N, Joosten SA, Ottenhoff THM, Dieli F. Atypical Human Effector/Memory CD4 + T Cells With a Naive-Like Phenotype. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2832. [PMID: 30559746 PMCID: PMC6287111 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The induction of adaptive immunological memory, mediated by T and B cells, plays an important role in protective immunity to pathogens induced by previous infections or vaccination. Naive CD4+ T cells that have been primed by antigen develop into memory or effector cells, which may be distinguished by their capability to exert a long-term and rapid response upon re-challenge by antigen, to produce distinct cytokines and surface marker expression phenotypes such as CD45RA/RO, CD27, CD62L, and CCR7. Moreover, a distinct lineage of memory T cells populates tissues (tissue-resident memory T cells or TRM cells) which orchestratea the response to pathogens re encountered at tissue sites. Recent evidence, however, has highlighted that CD4+ naive T cells are much more heterogeneous that previously thought, and that they harbor diversity in phenotypes, differentiation stages, persistence, functions, and anatomic localizations. These cells represent cellular subsets that are extremely heterogeneous and multifunctional at their very initial stages of differentiation, with the potential to become "atypical" memory and effector cells. In this mini review, we focus on recently obtained data from studies in humans, in which this newly recognized heterogeneity in the naive T cell pool was discovered in terms of surface marker expression, cytokine production, or transcriptomic profiles. The deep analysis of immune functions at the single cell level combined with a better understanding of the generation and maintenance of the various atypical memory CD4+ T cell subsets with a naive-like phenotype will be important in immune-monitoring of vaccination and immunotherapies in infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Caccamo
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Department of Biopathology and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Simone A Joosten
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Tom H M Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Francesco Dieli
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Department of Biopathology and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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38
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Atmakuri K, Penn-Nicholson A, Tanner R, Dockrell HM. Meeting report: 5th Global Forum on TB Vaccines, 20-23 February 2018, New Delhi India. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2018; 113:55-64. [PMID: 30514514 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2018.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The 5th Global Forum on TB Vaccines was held in New Delhi, India from 20 to 23 February 2018. This was the largest Global Forum on TB Vaccines to date with nearly 350 participants from more than 30 countries. The program included over 60 speakers in 12 special, plenary and breakout sessions and 72 posters. This Global Forum brought a great sense of momentum and excitement to the field. New vaccines are in clinical trials, new routes of delivery are being tested, novel assays and biomarker signatures are being developed, and the results from the first prevention of infection clinical trial with the H4:IC31 vaccine candidate and BCG revaccination were presented. Speakers and participants acknowledged the significant challenges that the TB vaccine R&D field continues to face - including limited funding, and the need for novel effective vaccine candidates and tools such as improved diagnostics and biomarkers to accurately predict protective efficacy. New solutions and approaches to address these challenges were discussed. The following report presents highlights from talks presented at this Global Forum. A full program, abstract book and presentations (where publicly available) from the Forum may be found at tbvaccinesforum.org.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnamohan Atmakuri
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India.
| | - Adam Penn-Nicholson
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Wernher and Beit South Building, Health Sciences Faculty, Observatory, 7925 Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town, 7935, South Africa.
| | - Rachel Tanner
- The Jenner Institute, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK.
| | - Hazel M Dockrell
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK.
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39
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Orlando V, La Manna MP, Goletti D, Palmieri F, Lo Presti E, Joosten SA, La Mendola C, Buccheri S, Ottenhoff THM, Dieli F, Caccamo N. Human CD4 T-Cells With a Naive Phenotype Produce Multiple Cytokines During Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection and Correlate With Active Disease. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1119. [PMID: 29875774 PMCID: PMC5974168 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell-mediated immune responses play a fundamental role in controlling Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) infection, and traditionally, this response is thought to be mediated by Th1-type CD4+ T-cells secreting IFN-γ. While studying the function and specificity of M. tuberculosis-reactive CD4+ T-cells in more detail at the single cell level; however, we found a human CD4+ T-cell population with a naive phenotype that interestingly was capable of producing multiple cytokines (TCNP cells). CD4+ TCNP cells phenotyped as CD95lo CD28int CD49dhi CXCR3hi and showed a broad distribution of T cell receptor Vβ segments. They rapidly secreted multiple cytokines in response to different M. tuberculosis antigens, their frequency was increased during active disease, but was comparable to latent tuberculosis infection in treated TB patients. These results identify a novel human CD4+ T-cell subset involved in the human immune response to mycobacteria, which is present in active TB patients’ blood. These results significantly expand our understanding of the immune response in infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Orlando
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Department of Biopathology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marco P La Manna
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Department of Biopathology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Delia Goletti
- Translational Research Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Palmieri
- Translational Research Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Lo Presti
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Department of Biopathology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Simone A Joosten
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Simona Buccheri
- Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione, Palermo, Italy
| | - Tom H M Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Francesco Dieli
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Department of Biopathology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Nadia Caccamo
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Department of Biopathology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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