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Liu DJ, Zhong XQ, Ru YX, Zhao SL, Liu CC, Tang YB, Wu X, Zhang YS, Zhang HH, She JY, Wan MY, Li YW, Zheng HP, Deng L. Disulfide-stabilized trimeric hemagglutinin ectodomains provide enhanced heterologous influenza protection. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2389095. [PMID: 39101691 PMCID: PMC11334750 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2389095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Influenza virus infection poses a continual menace to public health. Here, we developed soluble trimeric HA ectodomain vaccines by establishing interprotomer disulfide bonds in the stem region, which effectively preserve the native antigenicity of stem epitopes. The stable trimeric H1 ectodomain proteins exhibited higher thermal stabilities in comparison with unmodified HAs and showed strong binding activities towards a panel of anti-stem cross-reactive antibodies that recognize either interprotomer or intraprotomer epitopes. Negative stain transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis revealed the stable trimer architecture of the interprotomer disulfide-stapled WA11#5, NC99#2, and FLD#1 proteins as well as the irregular aggregation of unmodified HA molecules. Immunizations of mice with those trimeric HA ectodomain vaccines formulated with incomplete Freund's adjuvant elicited significantly more potent cross-neutralizing antibody responses and offered broader immuno-protection against lethal infections with heterologous influenza strains compared to unmodified HA proteins. Additionally, the findings of our study indicate that elevated levels of HA stem-specific antibody responses correlate with strengthened cross-protections. Our design strategy has proven effective in trimerizing HA ectodomains derived from both influenza A and B viruses, thereby providing a valuable reference for designing future influenza HA immunogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Jian Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Institute of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiu-Qin Zhong
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Institute of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan-Xia Ru
- School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shi-Long Zhao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Institute of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cui-Cui Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Institute of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi-Bo Tang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Institute of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuan Wu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Institute of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi-Shuai Zhang
- Bioinformatics Center, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui-Hui Zhang
- Bioinformatics Center, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia-Yue She
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Institute of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mu-Yang Wan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Institute of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yao-Wang Li
- School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - He-Ping Zheng
- Bioinformatics Center, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Deng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Institute of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Weimiao Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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2
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Kong D, He Y, Wang J, Chi L, Ao X, Ye H, Qiu W, Zhu X, Liao M, Fan H. A single immunization with H5N1 virus-like particle vaccine protects chickens against divergent H5N1 influenza viruses and vaccine efficacy is determined by adjuvant and dosage. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2287682. [PMID: 37994795 PMCID: PMC10763850 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2287682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
The H5N1 subtype highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) reveals high variability and threatens poultry production and public health. To prevent the spread of H5N1 HPAIV, we developed an H5N1 virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine based on the insect cell-baculovirus expression system. Single immunization of the H5N1 VLP vaccines induced high levels of HI antibody titres and provided effective protection against homologous virus challenge comparable to the commercial inactivated vaccine. Meanwhile, we assessed the relative efficacy of different adjuvants by carrying out a head-to-head comparison of the adjuvants ISA 201 and ISA 71 and evaluated whether the two adjuvants could induce broadly protective immunity. The ISA 71 adjuvanted vaccine induced significantly higher levels of Th1 and Th2 immune responses and provided superior cross-protection against antigenically divergent H5N1 virus challenge than the ISA 201 adjuvanted vaccine. Importantly, increasing the vaccine dose could further enhance the cross-protective efficacy of H5N1 VLP vaccine and confer completely sterilizing protection against antigenically divergent H5N1 virus challenge, which was mediated by neutralizing antibodies. Our results suggest that the H5N1 VLP vaccine can provide broad-spectrum protection against divergent H5N1 influenza viruses as determined by adjuvant and vaccine dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexin Kong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccine Innovation of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanjuan He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccine Innovation of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaxin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccine Innovation of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lanyan Chi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccine Innovation of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiang Ao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccine Innovation of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hejia Ye
- Guangzhou South China Biological Medicine Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weihong Qiu
- Guangzhou South China Biological Medicine Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiutong Zhu
- Guangzhou South China Biological Medicine Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Liao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccine Innovation of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huiying Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccine Innovation of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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3
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Rathnasinghe R, Chang LA, Pearl R, Jangra S, Aspelund A, Hoag A, Yildiz S, Mena I, Sun W, Loganathan M, Crossland NA, Gertje HP, Tseng AE, Aslam S, Albrecht RA, Palese P, Krammer F, Schotsaert M, Muster T, García-Sastre A. Sequential immunization with chimeric hemagglutinin ΔNS1 attenuated influenza vaccines induces broad humoral and cellular immunity. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:169. [PMID: 39300090 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00952-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Influenza viruses pose a threat to public health as evidenced by severe morbidity and mortality in humans on a yearly basis. Given the constant changes in the viral glycoproteins owing to antigenic drift, seasonal influenza vaccines need to be updated periodically and effectiveness often drops due to mismatches between vaccine and circulating strains. In addition, seasonal influenza vaccines are not protective against antigenically shifted influenza viruses with pandemic potential. Here, we have developed a highly immunogenic vaccination regimen based on live-attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIVs) comprised of an attenuated virus backbone lacking non-structural protein 1 (ΔNS1), the primary host interferon antagonist of influenza viruses, with chimeric hemagglutinins (cHA) composed of exotic avian head domains with a highly conserved stalk domain, to redirect the humoral response towards the HA stalk. In this study, we showed that cHA-LAIV vaccines induce robust serum and mucosal responses against group 1 stalk and confer antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity activity. Mice that intranasally received cH8/1-ΔNS1 followed by a cH11/1-ΔNS1 heterologous booster had robust humoral responses for influenza A virus group 1 HAs and were protected from seasonal H1N1 influenza virus and heterologous highly pathogenic avian H5N1 lethal challenges. When compared with mice immunized with the standard of care or cold-adapted cHA-LAIV, cHA-ΔNS1 immunized mice had robust antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell responses which also correlated with markedly reduced lung pathology post-challenge. These observations support the development of a trivalent universal influenza vaccine for the protection against group 1 and group 2 influenza A viruses and influenza B viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raveen Rathnasinghe
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- CSL Seqirus, 225 Wyman Street, Waltham, MA, 02451, USA
| | - Lauren A Chang
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Rebecca Pearl
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Sonia Jangra
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Amy Aspelund
- Vivaldi Biosciences Inc., Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Alaura Hoag
- Vivaldi Biosciences Inc., Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Soner Yildiz
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Ignacio Mena
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Weina Sun
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Madhumathi Loganathan
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Nicholas Alexander Crossland
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Department of Virology, Immunology and Microbiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hans P Gertje
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Anna Elise Tseng
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Department of Virology, Immunology and Microbiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sadaf Aslam
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Randy A Albrecht
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Peter Palese
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Ignaz Semmelweis Institute, Interuniversity Institute for Infection Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Schotsaert
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Thomas Muster
- Vivaldi Biosciences Inc., Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
- Department of Dermatology, University of Vienna Medical School, 1090, Wien, Austria
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- The Icahn Genomics Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
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4
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Ze L, Shaohui S, Jinhai H, Hui G. Evaluation of the cross-protection of the Vero cell-derived attenuated influenza vaccines with compound adjuvant, through intranasal immunization. APMIS 2024. [PMID: 38961516 DOI: 10.1111/apm.13448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
This study was to evaluate the sufficient safety and effect of the novel influenza vaccine program. It prepared new reassortant influenza virus, with high yield on Vero cells. According to the plaque counting, one dose LAIV was composed with 105 PFU of H1, H3, BY, and BV, respectively. Then mixed this LAIV with compound adjuvant, containing 500 μg/mL of carbopol971P and 50 μg/mL of tetanus toxin. That vaccination was called catt-flu. And it employed the GYZZ02 vaccine (commercialized freeze-dried LAIV, listed in China) as cohort analysis control. All mice received two doses of the vaccine, administered on days 0 and 14, respectively. That catt-flu program could induce more cross-protection with neutralizing antibody against heterogeneous types of influenza virus, not only based on HA but also NA protective antigen, through convenient nasal immunization, which had non-inferiority titter compared with the chicken embryo-derived GYZZ02 vaccine on safe and effect. The Vero cell-derived vaccine (LAIV) combined compound catt adjuvant (contain carbopol971P and tetanus toxin) could provide another safety and protective program of influenza vaccine by intranasal administration, as catt-flu program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Ze
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- The Zhongyi Anke Biotech Co., Ltd, Tianjin, China
| | - Song Shaohui
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Huang Jinhai
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Gao Hui
- The Zhongyi Anke Biotech Co., Ltd, Tianjin, China
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5
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Rijnink WF, Stadlbauer D, Puente-Massaguer E, Okba NMA, Kirkpatrick Roubidoux E, Strohmeier S, Mudd PA, Schmitz A, Ellebedy A, McMahon M, Krammer F. Characterization of non-neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies that target the M1 and NP of influenza A viruses. J Virol 2023; 97:e0164622. [PMID: 37916834 PMCID: PMC10688359 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01646-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Currently, many groups are focusing on isolating both neutralizing and non-neutralizing antibodies to the mutation-prone hemagglutinin as a tool to treat or prevent influenza virus infection. Less is known about the level of protection induced by non-neutralizing antibodies that target conserved internal influenza virus proteins. Such non-neutralizing antibodies could provide an alternative pathway to induce broad cross-reactive protection against multiple influenza virus serotypes and subtypes by partially overcoming influenza virus escape mediated by antigenic drift and shift. Accordingly, more information about the level of protection and potential mechanism(s) of action of non-neutralizing antibodies targeting internal influenza virus proteins could be useful for the design of broadly protective and universal influenza virus vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Stadlbauer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Eduard Puente-Massaguer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VaRPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nisreen M. A. Okba
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VaRPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ericka Kirkpatrick Roubidoux
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Shirin Strohmeier
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Philip A. Mudd
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Aaron Schmitz
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Ali Ellebedy
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Meagan McMahon
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VaRPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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6
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Edgar JE, Trezise S, Anthony RM, Krammer F, Palese P, Ravetch JV, Bournazos S. Antibodies elicited in humans upon chimeric hemagglutinin-based influenza virus vaccination confer FcγR-dependent protection in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2314905120. [PMID: 37871218 PMCID: PMC10622865 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2314905120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody responses against highly conserved epitopes on the stalk domain of influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) confer broad protection; however, such responses are limited. To effectively induce stalk-specific immunity against conserved HA epitopes, sequential immunization strategies have been developed based on chimeric HA (cHA) constructs featuring different head domains but the same stalk regions. Immunogenicity studies in small animal models, as well as in humans, revealed that cHA immunogens elicit stalk-specific IgG responses with broad specificity against heterologous influenza virus strains. However, the mechanisms by which these antibodies confer in vivo protection and the contribution of their Fc effector function remain unclear. To characterize the role of Fc-FcγR (Fcγ receptor) interactions to the in vivo protective activity of IgG antibodies elicited in participants in a phase I trial of a cHA vaccine candidate, we performed passive transfer studies of vaccine-elicited IgG antibodies in mice humanized for all classes of FcγRs, as well as in mice deficient for FcγRs. IgG antibodies elicited upon cHA vaccination completely protected FcγR humanized mice against lethal influenza virus challenge, while no protection was evident in FcγR-deficient mice, suggesting a major role for FcγR pathways in the protective function of vaccine-elicited IgG antibodies. These findings have important implications for influenza vaccine development, guiding the design of vaccination approaches with the capacity to elicit IgG responses with optimal Fc effector function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia E. Edgar
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY10065
| | - Stephanie Trezise
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02129
| | - Robert M. Anthony
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02129
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY10029
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY10029
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY10029
| | - Peter Palese
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY10029
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY10029
| | - Jeffrey V. Ravetch
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY10065
| | - Stylianos Bournazos
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY10065
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7
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Frey SJ, Carreño JM, Bielak D, Arsiwala A, Altomare CG, Varner C, Rosen-Cheriyan T, Bajic G, Krammer F, Kane RS. Nanovaccines Displaying the Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin in an Inverted Orientation Elicit an Enhanced Stalk-Directed Antibody Response. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2202729. [PMID: 36689343 PMCID: PMC10386890 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202202729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Despite the availability of licensed vaccines, influenza causes considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide. Current influenza vaccines elicit an immune response that primarily targets the head domain of the viral glycoprotein hemagglutinin (HA). Influenza viruses, however, readily evade this response by acquiring mutations in the head domain. While vaccines that target the more conserved HA stalk may circumvent this problem, low levels of antistalk antibodies are elicited by vaccination, possibly due to the poor accessibility of the stalk domain to B cell receptors. In this work, it is demonstrated that nanoparticles presenting HA in an inverted orientation generate tenfold higher antistalk antibody titers after a prime immunization and fivefold higher antistalk titers after a boost than nanoparticles displaying HA in its regular orientation. Moreover, nanoparticles presenting HA in an inverted orientation elicit a broader antistalk response that reduces mouse weight loss and improves survival after challenge to a greater extent than nanoparticles displaying HA in a regular orientation. Refocusing the antibody response toward conserved epitopes by controlling antigen orientation may enable the design of broadly protective nanovaccines targeting influenza viruses and other pathogens with pandemic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Frey
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Juan Manuel Carreño
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VaRPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Dominika Bielak
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VaRPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Ammar Arsiwala
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Clara G Altomare
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Chad Varner
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Tania Rosen-Cheriyan
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Goran Bajic
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VaRPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Ravi S Kane
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
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8
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Caradonna TM, Ronsard L, Yousif AS, Windsor IW, Hecht R, Bracamonte-Moreno T, Roffler AA, Maron MJ, Maurer DP, Feldman J, Marchiori E, Barnes RM, Rohrer D, Lonberg N, Oguin TH, Sempowski GD, Kepler TB, Kuraoka M, Lingwood D, Schmidt AG. An epitope-enriched immunogen expands responses to a conserved viral site. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111628. [PMID: 36351401 PMCID: PMC9883670 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogens evade host humoral responses by accumulating mutations in surface antigens. While variable, there are conserved regions that cannot mutate without compromising fitness. Antibodies targeting these conserved epitopes are often broadly protective but remain minor components of the repertoire. Rational immunogen design leverages a structural understanding of viral antigens to modulate humoral responses to favor these responses. Here, we report an epitope-enriched immunogen presenting a higher copy number of the influenza hemagglutinin (HA) receptor-binding site (RBS) epitope relative to other B cell epitopes. Immunization in a partially humanized murine model imprinted with an H1 influenza shows H1-specific serum and >99% H1-specific B cells being RBS-directed. Single B cell analyses show a genetically restricted response that structural analysis defines as RBS-directed antibodies engaging the RBS with germline-encoded contacts. These data show how epitope enrichment expands B cell responses toward conserved epitopes and advances immunogen design approaches for next-generation viral vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Larance Ronsard
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ashraf S Yousif
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Rachel Hecht
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Anne A Roffler
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Max J Maron
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Daniel P Maurer
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jared Feldman
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Elisa Marchiori
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ralston M Barnes
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, CA 94063-2478, USA
| | - Daniel Rohrer
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, CA 94063-2478, USA
| | - Nils Lonberg
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, CA 94063-2478, USA
| | - Thomas H Oguin
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham NC 27703, USA
| | - Gregory D Sempowski
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham NC 27703, USA
| | - Thomas B Kepler
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Masayuki Kuraoka
- Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Daniel Lingwood
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Aaron G Schmidt
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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9
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Kong D, Chen T, Hu X, Lin S, Gao Y, Ju C, Liao M, Fan H. Supplementation of H7N9 Virus-Like Particle Vaccine With Recombinant Epitope Antigen Confers Full Protection Against Antigenically Divergent H7N9 Virus in Chickens. Front Immunol 2022; 13:785975. [PMID: 35265069 PMCID: PMC8898936 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.785975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The continuous evolution of the H7N9 avian influenza virus suggests a potential outbreak of an H7N9 pandemic. Therefore, to prevent a potential epidemic of the H7N9 influenza virus, it is necessary to develop an effective crossprotective influenza vaccine. In this study, we developed H7N9 virus-like particles (VLPs) containing HA, NA, and M1 proteins derived from H7N9/16876 virus and a helper antigen HMN based on influenza conserved epitopes using a baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS). The results showed that the influenza VLP vaccine induced a strong HI antibody response and provided effective protection comparable with the effects of commercial inactivated H7N9 vaccines against homologous H7N9 virus challenge in chickens. Meanwhile, the H7N9 VLP vaccine induced robust crossreactive HI and neutralizing antibody titers against antigenically divergent H7N9 viruses isolated in wave 5 and conferred on chickens complete clinical protection against heterologous H7N9 virus challenge, significantly inhibiting virus shedding in chickens. Importantly, supplemented vaccination with HMN antigen can enhance Th1 immune responses; virus shedding was completely abolished in the vaccinated chickens. Our study also demonstrated that viral receptor-binding avidity should be taken into consideration in evaluating an H7N9 candidate vaccine. These studies suggested that supplementing influenza VLP vaccine with recombinant epitope antigen will be a promising strategy for the development of broad-spectrum influenza vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexin Kong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Taoran Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolong Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaorong Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yinze Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunmei Ju
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Liao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiying Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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10
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Dhakal S, Deshpande S, McMahon M, Strohmeier S, Krammer F, Klein SL. Female-biased effects of aging on a chimeric hemagglutinin stalk-based universal influenza virus vaccine in mice. Vaccine 2022; 40:1624-1633. [PMID: 33293159 PMCID: PMC8178415 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.11.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To determine if biological sex and age intersect to affect universal influenza vaccine-induced immunity, adult and aged male and female C57BL/6 mice were sequentially immunized with a chimeric-hemagglutinin (cHA) stalk-based H1 vaccine. Adult mice developed greater quantity and quality of H1-stalk antibodies, that were more cross-reactive with other group 1, but not group 2, influenza viruses, than aged mice. The vaccine did not induce neutralizing or hemagglutination inhibition antibodies, but rather antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, which was greater in adult than aged mice. Vaccinated adult mice were better protected than aged mice after challenge with 2009 H1N1 virus, experiencing less morbidity and having lower pulmonary virus titers. The age-associated decline in immunity and protection was consistently greater among females than males, with the reduction in immunity and protection for aged as compared with adult females often being the sole comparison driving the overall age-associated significant differences. The age-associated reduction in stalk-based immunity in females was not, however, associated with changes in estradiol. To determine if the better antibodies in adults could be utilized to protect aged mice, serum was passively transferred from vaccinated adult mice into naïve sex-matched aged mice. Even with transferred serum from young adult mice, aged females still suffered greater morbidity than aged males. These data suggest there are sex-dependent effects of aging on cHA-based universal influenza virus vaccine-induced immunity that cannot be reversed through transfer of serum from young animals. The lack of consideration of sex-specific effects of aging on immunity could hinder efforts toward universal vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Dhakal
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Sharvari Deshpande
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Meagan McMahon
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Shirin Strohmeier
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Sabra L Klein
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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11
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Cable J, Rappuoli R, Klemm EJ, Kang G, Mutreja A, Wright GJ, Pizza M, Castro SA, Hoffmann JP, Alter G, Carfi A, Pollard AJ, Krammer F, Gupta RK, Wagner CE, Machado V, Modjarrad K, Corey L, B Gilbert P, Dougan G, Lurie N, Bjorkman PJ, Chiu C, Nemes E, Gordon SB, Steer AC, Rudel T, Blish CA, Sandberg JT, Brennan K, Klugman KP, Stuart LM, Madhi SA, Karp CL. Innovative vaccine approaches-a Keystone Symposia report. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2022; 1511:59-86. [PMID: 35029310 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The rapid development of COVID-19 vaccines was the result of decades of research to establish flexible vaccine platforms and understand pathogens with pandemic potential, as well as several novel changes to the vaccine discovery and development processes that partnered industry and governments. And while vaccines offer the potential to drastically improve global health, low-and-middle-income countries around the world often experience reduced access to vaccines and reduced vaccine efficacy. Addressing these issues will require novel vaccine approaches and platforms, deeper insight how vaccines mediate protection, and innovative trial designs and models. On June 28-30, 2021, experts in vaccine research, development, manufacturing, and deployment met virtually for the Keystone eSymposium "Innovative Vaccine Approaches" to discuss advances in vaccine research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gagandeep Kang
- Division of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Ankur Mutreja
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID) and Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gavin J Wright
- Cell Surface Signalling Laboratory, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK.,Department of Biology, Hull York Medical School, and York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, UK
| | | | - Sowmya Ajay Castro
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Joseph P Hoffmann
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Center for Translational Research in Infection and Inflammation, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Andrew J Pollard
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford and the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Florian Krammer
- The Tisch Cancer Institute and Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Ravindra K Gupta
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID) and Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
| | - Caroline E Wagner
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Viviane Machado
- Measles and Respiratory Viruses Laboratory, WHO/NIC, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Kayvon Modjarrad
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Lawrence Corey
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington.,Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Peter B Gilbert
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Gordon Dougan
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID) and Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicole Lurie
- Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, Oslo, Norway.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Pamela J Bjorkman
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California
| | - Christopher Chiu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Elisa Nemes
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Andrew C Steer
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of General Medicine, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thomas Rudel
- Microbiology Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Catherine A Blish
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.,Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California
| | - John Tyler Sandberg
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kiva Brennan
- National Children's Research Centre, Crumlin and School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Keith P Klugman
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Lynda M Stuart
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington.,Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, Washington
| | - Shabir A Madhi
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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12
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Park BR, Subbiah J, Kim KH, Kwon YM, Oh J, Kim MC, Shin CH, Seong BL, Kang SM. Enhanced cross protection by hetero prime-boost vaccination with recombinant influenza viruses containing chimeric hemagglutinin-M2e epitopes. Virology 2021; 566:143-152. [PMID: 34929590 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Annual repeat influenza vaccination raises concerns about protective efficacy against mismatched viruses. We investigated the impact of heterologous prime-boost vaccination on inducing cross protection by designing recombinant influenza viruses with chimeric hemagglutinin (HA) carrying M2 extracellular domains (M2e-HA). Heterologous prime-boost vaccination of C57BL/6 mice with M2e-HA chimeric virus more effectively induced M2e and HA stalk specific IgG antibodies correlating with cross protection than homologous prime-boost vaccination. Induction of M2e and HA stalk specific IgG antibodies was compromised in 1-year old mice, indicating significant aging effects on priming subdominant M2e and HA stalk IgG antibody responses. This study demonstrates that a heterologous prime-boost strategy with recombinant influenza virus expressing extra M2e epitopes provides more effective cross protection than homologous vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ryoung Park
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Jeeva Subbiah
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Ki-Hye Kim
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Young-Man Kwon
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Judy Oh
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Min-Chul Kim
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA; CARESIDE Co., Ltd., Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Chong-Hyun Shin
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Baik Lin Seong
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea; Vaccine Innovative Technology ALliance (VITAL)-Korea, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Moo Kang
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA.
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13
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Abstract
Antibody immunodominance refers to the preferential and asymmetric elicitation of antibodies against specific epitopes on a complex protein antigen. Traditional vaccination approaches for rapidly evolving pathogens have had limited success in part because of this phenomenon, as elicited antibodies preferentially target highly variable regions of antigens, and thus do not confer long lasting protection. While antibodies targeting functionally conserved epitopes have the potential to be broadly protective, they often make up a minority of the overall repertoire. Here, we discuss recent protein engineering strategies used to favorably alter patterns of immunodominance, and selectively focus antibody responses toward broadly protective epitopes in the pursuit of next-generation vaccines for rapidly evolving pathogens.
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14
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Bull MB, Cohen CA, Leung NH, Valkenburg SA. Universally Immune: How Infection Permissive Next Generation Influenza Vaccines May Affect Population Immunity and Viral Spread. Viruses 2021; 13:1779. [PMID: 34578360 PMCID: PMC8472936 DOI: 10.3390/v13091779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Next generation influenza vaccines that target conserved epitopes are becoming a clinical reality but still have challenges to overcome. Universal next generation vaccines are considered a vital tool to combat future pandemic viruses and have the potential to vastly improve long-term protection against seasonal influenza viruses. Key vaccine strategies include HA-stem and T cell activating vaccines; however, they could have unintended effects for virus adaptation as they recognise the virus after cell entry and do not directly block infection. This may lead to immune pressure on residual viruses. The potential for immune escape is already evident, for both the HA stem and T cell epitopes, and mosaic approaches for pre-emptive immune priming may be needed to circumvent key variants. Live attenuated influenza vaccines have not been immunogenic enough to boost T cells in adults with established prior immunity. Therefore, viral vectors or peptide approaches are key to harnessing T cell responses. A plethora of viral vector vaccines and routes of administration may be needed for next generation vaccine strategies that require repeated long-term administration to overcome vector immunity and increase our arsenal against diverse influenza viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maireid B. Bull
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (M.B.B.); (C.A.C.)
| | - Carolyn A. Cohen
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (M.B.B.); (C.A.C.)
| | - Nancy H.L. Leung
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Sophie A. Valkenburg
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (M.B.B.); (C.A.C.)
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15
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Roy S, Williams CM, Furuya Y. Detrimental impact of allergic airway disease on live attenuated influenza vaccine. Health Sci Rep 2021; 4:e272. [PMID: 34250267 PMCID: PMC8247940 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sreeja Roy
- Department of Immunology and Microbial DiseaseAlbany Medical CollegeAlbanyNew York
| | - Clare M. Williams
- Department of Immunology and Microbial DiseaseAlbany Medical CollegeAlbanyNew York
| | - Yoichi Furuya
- Department of Immunology and Microbial DiseaseAlbany Medical CollegeAlbanyNew York
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16
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Animal Models Utilized for the Development of Influenza Virus Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9070787. [PMID: 34358203 PMCID: PMC8310120 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9070787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal models have been an important tool for the development of influenza virus vaccines since the 1940s. Over the past 80 years, influenza virus vaccines have evolved into more complex formulations, including trivalent and quadrivalent inactivated vaccines, live-attenuated vaccines, and subunit vaccines. However, annual effectiveness data shows that current vaccines have varying levels of protection that range between 40–60% and must be reformulated every few years to combat antigenic drift. To address these issues, novel influenza virus vaccines are currently in development. These vaccines rely heavily on animal models to determine efficacy and immunogenicity. In this review, we describe seasonal and novel influenza virus vaccines and highlight important animal models used to develop them.
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17
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Targeting Antigens for Universal Influenza Vaccine Development. Viruses 2021; 13:v13060973. [PMID: 34073996 PMCID: PMC8225176 DOI: 10.3390/v13060973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional influenza vaccines generate strain-specific antibodies which cannot provide protection against divergent influenza virus strains. Further, due to frequent antigenic shifts and drift of influenza viruses, annual reformulation and revaccination are required in order to match circulating strains. Thus, the development of a universal influenza vaccine (UIV) is critical for long-term protection against all seasonal influenza virus strains, as well as to provide protection against a potential pandemic virus. One of the most important strategies in the development of UIVs is the selection of optimal targeting antigens to generate broadly cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies or cross-reactive T cell responses against divergent influenza virus strains. However, each type of target antigen for UIVs has advantages and limitations for the generation of sufficient immune responses against divergent influenza viruses. Herein, we review current strategies and perspectives regarding the use of antigens, including hemagglutinin, neuraminidase, matrix proteins, and internal proteins, for universal influenza vaccine development.
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18
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Guthmiller JJ, Utset HA, Wilson PC. B Cell Responses against Influenza Viruses: Short-Lived Humoral Immunity against a Life-Long Threat. Viruses 2021; 13:965. [PMID: 34067435 PMCID: PMC8224597 DOI: 10.3390/v13060965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies are critical for providing protection against influenza virus infections. However, protective humoral immunity against influenza viruses is limited by the antigenic drift and shift of the major surface glycoproteins, hemagglutinin and neuraminidase. Importantly, people are exposed to influenza viruses throughout their life and tend to reuse memory B cells from prior exposure to generate antibodies against new variants. Despite this, people tend to recall memory B cells against constantly evolving variable epitopes or non-protective antigens, as opposed to recalling them against broadly neutralizing epitopes of hemagglutinin. In this review, we discuss the factors that impact the generation and recall of memory B cells against distinct viral antigens, as well as the immunological limitations preventing broadly neutralizing antibody responses. Lastly, we discuss how next-generation vaccine platforms can potentially overcome these obstacles to generate robust and long-lived protection against influenza A viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna J. Guthmiller
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (H.A.U.); (P.C.W.)
| | - Henry A. Utset
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (H.A.U.); (P.C.W.)
| | - Patrick C. Wilson
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (H.A.U.); (P.C.W.)
- Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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19
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Jang YH, Seong BL. Immune Responses Elicited by Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccines as Correlates of Universal Protection against Influenza Viruses. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9040353. [PMID: 33916924 PMCID: PMC8067561 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9040353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus infection remains a major public health challenge, causing significant morbidity and mortality by annual epidemics and intermittent pandemics. Although current seasonal influenza vaccines provide efficient protection, antigenic changes of the viruses often significantly compromise the protection efficacy of vaccines, rendering most populations vulnerable to the viral infection. Considerable efforts have been made to develop a universal influenza vaccine (UIV) able to confer long-lasting and broad protection. Recent studies have characterized multiple immune correlates required for providing broad protection against influenza viruses, including neutralizing antibodies, non-neutralizing antibodies, antibody effector functions, T cell responses, and mucosal immunity. To induce broadly protective immune responses by vaccination, various strategies using live attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIVs) and novel vaccine platforms are under investigation. Despite superior cross-protection ability, very little attention has been paid to LAIVs for the development of UIV. This review focuses on immune responses induced by LAIVs, with special emphasis placed on the breadth and the potency of individual immune correlates. The promising prospect of LAIVs to serve as an attractive and reliable vaccine platforms for a UIV is also discussed. Several important issues that should be addressed with respect to the use of LAIVs as UIV are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yo Han Jang
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology Major in Bio-Vaccine Engineering, Andong National University, Andong 1375, Korea;
- Vaccine Industry Research Institute, Andong National University, Andong 1375, Korea
| | - Baik L. Seong
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Vaccine Innovation Technology Alliance (VITAL)-Korea, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2123-7416
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20
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Strategies Targeting Hemagglutinin as a Universal Influenza Vaccine. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9030257. [PMID: 33805749 PMCID: PMC7998911 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9030257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus has significant viral diversity, both through antigenic drift and shift, which makes development of a vaccine challenging. Current influenza vaccines are updated yearly to include strains predicted to circulate in the upcoming influenza season, however this can lead to a mismatch which reduces vaccine efficacy. Several strategies targeting the most abundant and immunogenic surface protein of influenza, the hemagglutinin (HA) protein, have been explored. These strategies include stalk-directed, consensus-based, and computationally derived HA immunogens. In this review, we explore vaccine strategies which utilize novel antigen design of the HA protein to improve cross-reactive immunity for development of a universal influenza vaccine.
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21
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Cohen AA, Yang Z, Gnanapragasam PNP, Ou S, Dam KMA, Wang H, Bjorkman PJ. Construction, characterization, and immunization of nanoparticles that display a diverse array of influenza HA trimers. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247963. [PMID: 33661993 PMCID: PMC7932532 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Current influenza vaccines do not elicit broadly protective immune responses against multiple strains. New strategies to focus the humoral immune response to conserved regions on influenza antigens are therefore required for recognition by broadly neutralizing antibodies. It has been suggested that B-cells with receptors that recognize conserved epitopes would be preferentially stimulated through avidity effects by mosaic particles presenting multiple forms of a variable antigen. We adapted SpyCatcher-based platforms, AP205 virus-like particles (VLPs) and mi3 nanoparticles (NPs), to covalently co-display SpyTagged hemagglutinin (HA) trimers from group 1 and group 2 influenza A strains. Here we show successful homotypic and heterotypic conjugation of up to 8 different HA trimers to both VLPs and NPs. We characterized the HA-VLPs and HA-NPs by cryo-electron tomography to derive the average number of conjugated HAs and their separation distances on particles, and compared immunizations of mosaic and homotypic particles in wild-type mice. Both types of HA particles elicited strong antibody responses, but the mosaic particles did not consistently elicit broader immune responses than mixtures of homotypic particles. We conclude that covalent attachment of HAs from currently-circulating influenza strains represents a viable alternative to current annual influenza vaccine strategies, but in the absence of further modifications, is unlikely to represent a method for making a universal influenza vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A. Cohen
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States of America
| | - Zhi Yang
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States of America
| | - Priyanthi N. P. Gnanapragasam
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States of America
| | - Susan Ou
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States of America
| | - Kim-Marie A. Dam
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States of America
| | - Haoqing Wang
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States of America
| | - Pamela J. Bjorkman
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States of America
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22
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Topham DJ, DeDiego ML, Nogales A, Sangster MY, Sant A. Immunity to Influenza Infection in Humans. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2021; 11:a038729. [PMID: 31871226 PMCID: PMC7919402 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a038729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review discusses the human immune responses to influenza infection with some insights from studies using animal models, such as experimental infection of mice. Recent technological advances in the study of human immune responses have greatly added to our knowledge of the infection and immune responses, and therefore much of the focus is on recent studies that have moved the field forward. We consider the complexity of the adaptive response generated by many sequential encounters through infection and vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Topham
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
| | - Marta L DeDiego
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Aitor Nogales
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnologia Agraria y Ailmentaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mark Y Sangster
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
| | - Andrea Sant
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
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23
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Jiang W, Wong J, Tan HX, Kelly HG, Whitney PG, Barr I, Layton DS, Kent SJ, Wheatley AK, Juno JA. Screening and development of monoclonal antibodies for identification of ferret T follicular helper cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1864. [PMID: 33479388 PMCID: PMC7820401 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81389-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The ferret is a key animal model for investigating the pathogenicity and transmissibility of important human viruses, and for the pre‐clinical assessment of vaccines. However, relatively little is known about the ferret immune system, due in part to a paucity of ferret‐reactive reagents. In particular, T follicular helper (Tfh) cells are critical in the generation of effective humoral responses in humans, mice and other animal models but to date it has not been possible to identify Tfh in ferrets. Here, we describe the screening and development of ferret-reactive BCL6, CXCR5 and PD-1 monoclonal antibodies. We found two commercial anti-BCL6 antibodies (clone K112-91 and clone IG191E/A8) had cross-reactivity with lymph node cells from influenza-infected ferrets. We next developed two murine monoclonal antibodies against ferret CXCR5 (clone feX5-C05) and PD-1 (clone fePD-CL1) using a single B cell PCR-based method. We were able to clearly identify Tfh cells in lymph nodes from influenza infected ferrets using these antibodies. The development of ferret Tfh marker antibodies and the identification of ferret Tfh cells will assist the evaluation of vaccine-induced Tfh responses in the ferret model and the design of novel vaccines against the infection of influenza and other viruses, including SARS-CoV2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Jiang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Julius Wong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Hyon-Xhi Tan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Hannah G Kelly
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul G Whitney
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research On Influenza, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ian Barr
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research On Influenza, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Daniel S Layton
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratories, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen J Kent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Melbourne Sexual Health Clinic and Infectious Diseases Department, Alfred Hospital, Monash University Central Clinical School, Carlton, VIC, Australia.,ARC Centre for Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Adam K Wheatley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Jennifer A Juno
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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24
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Liu WC, Nachbagauer R, Stadlbauer D, Strohmeier S, Solórzano A, Berlanda-Scorza F, Innis BL, García-Sastre A, Palese P, Krammer F, Albrecht RA. Chimeric Hemagglutinin-Based Live-Attenuated Vaccines Confer Durable Protective Immunity against Influenza A Viruses in a Preclinical Ferret Model. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9010040. [PMID: 33440898 PMCID: PMC7826668 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemic or pandemic influenza can annually cause significant morbidity and mortality in humans. We developed novel chimeric hemagglutinin (cHA)-based universal influenza virus vaccines, which contain a conserved HA stalk domain from a 2009 pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1) strain combined with globular head domains from avian influenza A viruses. Our previous reports demonstrated that prime-boost sequential immunizations induced robust antibody responses directed toward the conserved HA stalk domain in ferrets. Herein, we further followed vaccinated animals for one year to compare the efficacy and durability of these vaccines in the preclinical ferret model of influenza. Although all cHA-based immunization regimens induced durable HA stalk-specific and heterosubtypic antibody responses in ferrets, sequential immunization with live-attenuated influenza virus vaccines (LAIV-LAIV) conferred the best protection against upper respiratory tract infection by a pH1N1 influenza A virus. The findings from this study suggest that our sequential immunization strategy for a cHA-based universal influenza virus vaccine provides durable protective humoral and cellular immunity against influenza virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chun Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (W.-C.L.); (R.N.); (D.S.); (S.S.); (A.S.); (A.G.-S.); (P.P.); (F.K.)
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11571, Taiwan;
| | - Raffael Nachbagauer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (W.-C.L.); (R.N.); (D.S.); (S.S.); (A.S.); (A.G.-S.); (P.P.); (F.K.)
- Moderna Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
| | - Daniel Stadlbauer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (W.-C.L.); (R.N.); (D.S.); (S.S.); (A.S.); (A.G.-S.); (P.P.); (F.K.)
| | - Shirin Strohmeier
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (W.-C.L.); (R.N.); (D.S.); (S.S.); (A.S.); (A.G.-S.); (P.P.); (F.K.)
| | - Alicia Solórzano
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (W.-C.L.); (R.N.); (D.S.); (S.S.); (A.S.); (A.G.-S.); (P.P.); (F.K.)
| | | | - Bruce L. Innis
- Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11571, Taiwan;
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (W.-C.L.); (R.N.); (D.S.); (S.S.); (A.S.); (A.G.-S.); (P.P.); (F.K.)
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Peter Palese
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (W.-C.L.); (R.N.); (D.S.); (S.S.); (A.S.); (A.G.-S.); (P.P.); (F.K.)
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (W.-C.L.); (R.N.); (D.S.); (S.S.); (A.S.); (A.G.-S.); (P.P.); (F.K.)
| | - Randy A. Albrecht
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (W.-C.L.); (R.N.); (D.S.); (S.S.); (A.S.); (A.G.-S.); (P.P.); (F.K.)
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Correspondence:
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25
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Kotomina T, Isakova-Sivak I, Kim KH, Park BR, Jung YJ, Lee Y, Mezhenskaya D, Matyushenko V, Kang SM, Rudenko L. Generation and Characterization of Universal Live-Attenuated Influenza Vaccine Candidates Containing Multiple M2e Epitopes. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8040648. [PMID: 33153089 PMCID: PMC7711583 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8040648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza viruses constantly evolve, reducing the overall protective effect of routine vaccination campaigns. Many different strategies are being explored to design universal influenza vaccines capable of protecting against evolutionary diverged viruses. The ectodomain of influenza A M2e protein (M2e) is among the most promising targets for universal vaccine design. Here, we generated two recombinant live attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIVs) expressing additional four M2e tandem repeats (4M2e) from the N-terminus of the viral hemagglutinin (HA) protein, in an attempt to enhance the M2e-mediated cross-protection. The recombinant H1N1+4M2e and H3N2+4M2e viruses retained growth characteristics attributable to traditional LAIV viruses and induced robust influenza-specific antibody responses in BALB/c mice, although M2e-specific antibodies were raised only after two-dose vaccination with LAIV+4M2e viruses. Mice immunized with either LAIV or LAIV+4M2e viruses were fully protected against a panel of heterologous influenza challenge viruses suggesting that antibody and cell-mediated immunity contributed to the protection. The protective role of the M2e-specific antibody was seen in passive serum transfer experiments, where enhancement in the survival rates between classical LAIV and chimeric H3N2+4M2e LAIV was demonstrated for H3N2 and H5N1 heterologous challenge viruses. Overall, the results of our study suggest that M2e-specific antibodies induced by recombinant LAIV+4M2e in addition to cellular immunity by LAIV play an important role in conferring protection against heterologous viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Kotomina
- Department of Virology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg 197376, Russia; (T.K.); (D.M.); (V.M.); (L.R.)
| | - Irina Isakova-Sivak
- Department of Virology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg 197376, Russia; (T.K.); (D.M.); (V.M.); (L.R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ki-Hye Kim
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (K.-H.K.); (B.R.P.); (Y.-J.J.); (Y.L.); (S.-M.K.)
| | - Bo Ryoung Park
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (K.-H.K.); (B.R.P.); (Y.-J.J.); (Y.L.); (S.-M.K.)
| | - Yu-Jin Jung
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (K.-H.K.); (B.R.P.); (Y.-J.J.); (Y.L.); (S.-M.K.)
| | - Youri Lee
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (K.-H.K.); (B.R.P.); (Y.-J.J.); (Y.L.); (S.-M.K.)
| | - Daria Mezhenskaya
- Department of Virology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg 197376, Russia; (T.K.); (D.M.); (V.M.); (L.R.)
| | - Victoria Matyushenko
- Department of Virology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg 197376, Russia; (T.K.); (D.M.); (V.M.); (L.R.)
| | - Sang-Moo Kang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (K.-H.K.); (B.R.P.); (Y.-J.J.); (Y.L.); (S.-M.K.)
| | - Larisa Rudenko
- Department of Virology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg 197376, Russia; (T.K.); (D.M.); (V.M.); (L.R.)
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26
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van de Ven K, de Heij F, van Dijken H, Ferreira JA, de Jonge J. Systemic and respiratory T-cells induced by seasonal H1N1 influenza protect against pandemic H2N2 in ferrets. Commun Biol 2020; 3:564. [PMID: 33037319 PMCID: PMC7547016 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01278-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional influenza vaccines primarily induce a narrow antibody response that offers no protection against heterosubtypic infections. Murine studies have shown that T cells can protect against a broad range of influenza strains. However, ferrets are a more potent model for studying immune correlates of protection in influenza infection. We therefore set out to investigate the role of systemic and respiratory T cells in the protection against heterosubtypic influenza A infections in ferrets. H1N1-priming induced systemic and respiratory T cells that responded against pandemic H2N2 and correlated with reduced viral replication and disease. CD8-positive T cell responses in the upper and lower respiratory tract were exceptionally high. We additionally confirmed that H2N2-responsive T cells are present in healthy human blood donors. These findings underline the importance of the T cell response in influenza immunity and show that T cells are a potent target for future universal influenza vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen van de Ven
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Femke de Heij
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands.,Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Harry van Dijken
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - José A Ferreira
- Department of Statistics, Informatics and Modelling, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Jørgen de Jonge
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands.
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27
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Progress in the Development of Universal Influenza Vaccines. Viruses 2020; 12:v12091033. [PMID: 32957468 PMCID: PMC7551969 DOI: 10.3390/v12091033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza viruses pose a significant threat to human health. They are responsible for a large number of deaths annually and have a serious impact on the global economy. There are numerous influenza virus subtypes, antigenic variations occur continuously, and epidemic trends are difficult to predict—all of which lead to poor outcomes of routine vaccination against targeted strain subtypes. Therefore, the development of universal influenza vaccines still constitutes the ideal strategy for controlling influenza. This article reviews the progress in development of universal vaccines directed against the conserved regions of hemagglutinin (HA), neuraminidase (NA), and other structural proteins of influenza viruses using new technologies and strategies with the goals of enhancing our understanding of universal influenza vaccines and providing a reference for research into the exploitation of natural immunity against influenza viruses.
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28
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Kim KH, Jung YJ, Lee Y, Park BR, Oh J, Lee YN, Kim MC, Jeeva S, Kang SM. Cross protection by inactivated recombinant influenza viruses containing chimeric hemagglutinin conjugates with a conserved neuraminidase or M2 ectodomain epitope. Virology 2020; 550:51-60. [PMID: 32882637 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2020.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Influenza virus neuraminidase (NA) contains a universally conserved epitope (NAe, NA222-230). However, no studies have reported vaccines targeting this NA conserved epitope and inducing antibodies recognizing NAe. The extracellular domain of M2 (M2e) is considered as an attractive target for a universal influenza vaccine. We generated recombinant influenza H1N1 viruses expressing conserved epitopes in hemagglutinin (HA) molecules: NAe (NAe-HA) or M2e (M2e-HA) within the HA head domain. Inactivated recombinant NAe-HA and M2e-HA viruses were more effective in inducing IgG antibodies specific for an inserted conserved epitope than live recombinant virus. Recombinant inactivated M2e-HA virus vaccination induced cross protection against H3N2 virus with less weight loss compared to NAe-HA and was more effective in inducing humoral and cellular M2e immune responses. This study provides insight into developing recombinant influenza virus vaccines compatible with current platforms to induce antibody responses to conserved poorly immunogenic epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Hye Kim
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yu-Jin Jung
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Youri Lee
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Bo Ryoung Park
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Judy Oh
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yu-Na Lee
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Chul Kim
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA; CARESIDE Co., Ltd., Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Subbiah Jeeva
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sang-Moo Kang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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29
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Jang YH, Seong BL. Call for a paradigm shift in the design of universal influenza vaccines by harnessing multiple correlates of protection. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2020; 15:1441-1455. [PMID: 32783765 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2020.1801629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The genetic variability and diversity of influenza viruses, and the expansion of their hosts, present a significant threat to human health. The development of a universal influenza vaccine is urgently needed to tackle seasonal epidemics, pandemics, vaccine mismatch, and zoonotic transmissions to humans. AREAS COVERED Despite the identification of broadly neutralizing antibodies against influenza viruses, designing a universal influenza vaccine that induces such broadly neutralizing antibodies at protective levels in humans has remained challenging. Besides neutralizing antibodies, multiple correlates of protection have recently emerged as crucially important for eliciting broad protection against diverse influenza viruses. This review discusses the immune responses required for broad protection against influenza viruses, and suggests a paradigm shift from an HA stalk-based approach to other approaches that can induce multiple immunological correlates of protection for the development of a universal influenza vaccine. EXPERT OPINION To develop a truly universal influenza vaccine, multiple correlates of protection should be considered, including antibody responses and T cell immunity. Balanced induction of neutralizing antibodies, antibody effector functions, and T cell immunity will contribute to the most effective vaccination strategy. Live-attenuated influenza vaccines provide an attractive platform to improve the breadth and potency of vaccines for broader protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yo Han Jang
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology Major in Bio-Vaccine Engineering, Andong National University , Andong, South Korea
| | - Baik L Seong
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University , Seoul, South Korea.,Vaccine Innovation Technology Alliance (VITAL)-Korea, Yonsei University , Seoul, South Korea
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30
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Blanco-Melo D, Nilsson-Payant BE, Liu WC, Uhl S, Hoagland D, Møller R, Jordan TX, Oishi K, Panis M, Sachs D, Wang TT, Schwartz RE, Lim JK, Albrecht RA, tenOever BR. Imbalanced Host Response to SARS-CoV-2 Drives Development of COVID-19. Cell 2020; 181:1036-1045.e9. [PMID: 32416070 PMCID: PMC7227586 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3006] [Impact Index Per Article: 751.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Viral pandemics, such as the one caused by SARS-CoV-2, pose an imminent threat to humanity. Because of its recent emergence, there is a paucity of information regarding viral behavior and host response following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here we offer an in-depth analysis of the transcriptional response to SARS-CoV-2 compared with other respiratory viruses. Cell and animal models of SARS-CoV-2 infection, in addition to transcriptional and serum profiling of COVID-19 patients, consistently revealed a unique and inappropriate inflammatory response. This response is defined by low levels of type I and III interferons juxtaposed to elevated chemokines and high expression of IL-6. We propose that reduced innate antiviral defenses coupled with exuberant inflammatory cytokine production are the defining and driving features of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Blanco-Melo
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Virus Engineering Center for Therapeutics and Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin E Nilsson-Payant
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Virus Engineering Center for Therapeutics and Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wen-Chun Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Skyler Uhl
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Virus Engineering Center for Therapeutics and Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daisy Hoagland
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Virus Engineering Center for Therapeutics and Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rasmus Møller
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Virus Engineering Center for Therapeutics and Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tristan X Jordan
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Virus Engineering Center for Therapeutics and Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kohei Oishi
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Virus Engineering Center for Therapeutics and Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maryline Panis
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Virus Engineering Center for Therapeutics and Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - David Sachs
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Taia T Wang
- Divison of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Robert E Schwartz
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Jean K Lim
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Randy A Albrecht
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Benjamin R tenOever
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Virus Engineering Center for Therapeutics and Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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31
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Shannon I, White CL, Nayak JL. Understanding Immunity in Children Vaccinated With Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2020; 9:S10-S14. [PMID: 31848606 DOI: 10.1093/jpids/piz083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV), or FluMist, was approved for use in the United States in 2003. This vaccine, administered intranasally, offers the advantage of stimulating immunity at the site of infection in the upper respiratory tract and, by mimicking natural infection, has the potential to elicit a multifaceted immune response. However, the development of immunity following LAIV administration requires viral replication, causing vaccine effectiveness to be impacted by both the replicative fitness of the attenuated viruses being administered and the degree of the host's preexisting immunity. In this review, we discuss the current state of knowledge regarding the mechanisms of protection elicited by LAIV in children, contrast this with immune protection that develops upon vaccination with inactivated influenza vaccines, and briefly discuss both the potential advantages as well as challenges offered by this vaccination platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Shannon
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Chantelle L White
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Jennifer L Nayak
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
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32
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Demminger DE, Walz L, Dietert K, Hoffmann H, Planz O, Gruber AD, von Messling V, Wolff T. Adeno-associated virus-vectored influenza vaccine elicits neutralizing and Fcγ receptor-activating antibodies. EMBO Mol Med 2020; 12:e10938. [PMID: 32163240 PMCID: PMC7207162 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201910938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The current seasonal inactivated influenza vaccine protects only against a narrow range of virus strains as it triggers a dominant antibody response toward the hypervariable hemagglutinin (HA) head region. The discovery of rare broadly protective antibodies against conserved regions in influenza virus proteins has propelled research on distinct antigens and delivery methods to efficiently induce broad immunity toward drifted or shifted virus strains. Here, we report that adeno‐associated virus (AAV) vectors expressing influenza virus HA or chimeric HA protected mice against homologous and heterologous virus challenges. Unexpectedly, immunization even with wild‐type HA induced antibodies recognizing the HA‐stalk and activating FcγR‐dependent responses indicating that AAV‐vectored expression balances HA head‐ and HA stalk‐specific humoral responses. Immunization with AAV‐HA partially protected also ferrets against a harsh virus challenge. Results from this study provide a rationale for further clinical development of AAV vectors as influenza vaccine platform, which could benefit from their approved use in human gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E Demminger
- Unit 17-Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lisa Walz
- Veterinary Medicine Division, Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Langen, Germany
| | - Kristina Dietert
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Helen Hoffmann
- Department of Immunology, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Planz
- Department of Immunology, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Achim D Gruber
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Thorsten Wolff
- Unit 17-Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
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33
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Vogel OA, Manicassamy B. Broadly Protective Strategies Against Influenza Viruses: Universal Vaccines and Therapeutics. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:135. [PMID: 32117155 PMCID: PMC7020694 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus is a respiratory pathogen that can cause disease in humans, with symptoms ranging from mild to life-threatening. The vast majority of influenza virus infections in humans are observed during seasonal epidemics and occasional pandemics. Given the substantial public health burden associated with influenza virus infection, yearly vaccination is recommended for protection against seasonal influenza viruses. Despite vigilant surveillance for new variants and careful selection of seasonal vaccine strains, the efficacy of seasonal vaccines can vary widely from year to year. This often results in lowered protection within the population, regardless of vaccination status. In order to broaden the protection afforded by seasonal influenza vaccines, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) has deemed the development of a universal influenza virus vaccine to be a priority in influenza virus vaccine research. This universal vaccine would provide protection against all influenza virus strains, eliminating the need for the yearly reformulations of seasonal influenza vaccines. In addition to universal influenza vaccine efforts, substantial progress has been made in developing novel influenza virus therapeutics that utilize broadly neutralizing antibodies to provide protection against influenza virus infection and to mitigate disease outcomes during infection. In this review, we discuss various approaches toward the goal of improving influenza virus vaccine efficacy through a universal influenza virus vaccine. We also address the novel methods of discovery and utilization of broadly neutralizing antibodies to improve influenza disease outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia A Vogel
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Balaji Manicassamy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
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Manenti A, Maciola AK, Trombetta CM, Kistner O, Casa E, Hyseni I, Razzano I, Torelli A, Montomoli E. Influenza Anti-Stalk Antibodies: Development of a New Method for the Evaluation of the Immune Responses to Universal Vaccine. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8010043. [PMID: 31991681 PMCID: PMC7158664 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing interest in universal influenza vaccines and novel administration routes has led to the development of alternative serological assays that are able to detect antibodies against conserved epitopes. We present a competitive ELISA method that is able to accurately determine the ratio of serum immunoglobulin G directed against the different domains of the hemagglutinin, the head and the stalk. Human serum samples were treated with two variants of the hemagglutinin protein from the A/California/7/2009 influenza virus. The signals detected were assigned to different groups of antibodies and presented as a ratio between head and stalk domains. A subset of selected sera was also tested by hemagglutination inhibition, single radial hemolysis, microneutralization, and enzyme-linked lectin assays. Pre-vaccination samples from adults showed a quite high presence of anti-stalk antibodies, and the results were substantially in line with those of the classical serological assays. By contrast, pre-vaccination samples from children did not present anti-stalk antibodies, and the majority of the anti-hemagglutinin antibodies that were detected after vaccination were directed against the head domain. The presented approach, when supported by further assays, can be used to assess the presence of specific anti-stalk antibodies and the potential boost of broadly protective antibodies, especially in the case of novel universal influenza vaccine approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Manenti
- VisMederi Research s.r.l., 53100 Siena, Italy; (A.M.); (A.K.M.); (E.C.); (I.H.); (I.R.); (E.M.)
- VisMederi s.r.l., 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | | | - Claudia Maria Trombetta
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0577232100
| | | | - Elisa Casa
- VisMederi Research s.r.l., 53100 Siena, Italy; (A.M.); (A.K.M.); (E.C.); (I.H.); (I.R.); (E.M.)
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Inesa Hyseni
- VisMederi Research s.r.l., 53100 Siena, Italy; (A.M.); (A.K.M.); (E.C.); (I.H.); (I.R.); (E.M.)
| | - Ilaria Razzano
- VisMederi Research s.r.l., 53100 Siena, Italy; (A.M.); (A.K.M.); (E.C.); (I.H.); (I.R.); (E.M.)
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Alessandro Torelli
- VisMederi Research s.r.l., 53100 Siena, Italy; (A.M.); (A.K.M.); (E.C.); (I.H.); (I.R.); (E.M.)
- VisMederi s.r.l., 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Emanuele Montomoli
- VisMederi Research s.r.l., 53100 Siena, Italy; (A.M.); (A.K.M.); (E.C.); (I.H.); (I.R.); (E.M.)
- VisMederi s.r.l., 53100 Siena, Italy;
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
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Biswas A, Chakrabarti AK, Dutta S. Current challenges: from the path of “original antigenic sin” towards the development of universal flu vaccines. Int Rev Immunol 2019; 39:21-36. [DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2019.1685990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Asim Biswas
- Virology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - Alok K. Chakrabarti
- Virology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - Shanta Dutta
- Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
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36
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Wong J, Layton D, Wheatley AK, Kent SJ. Improving immunological insights into the ferret model of human viral infectious disease. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2019; 13:535-546. [PMID: 31583825 PMCID: PMC6800307 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferrets are a well-established model for studying both the pathogenesis and transmission of human respiratory viruses and evaluation of antiviral vaccines. Advanced immunological studies would add substantial value to the ferret models of disease but are hindered by the low number of ferret-reactive reagents available for flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. Nevertheless, progress has been made to understand immune responses in the ferret model with a limited set of ferret-specific reagents and assays. This review examines current immunological insights gained from the ferret model across relevant human respiratory diseases, with a focus on influenza viruses. We highlight key knowledge gaps that need to be bridged to advance the utility of ferrets for immunological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius Wong
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyPeter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVic.Australia
| | - Daniel Layton
- CSIRO Health and BiosecurityAustralian Animal Health LaboratoriesGeelongVic.Australia
| | - Adam K. Wheatley
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyPeter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVic.Australia
| | - Stephen J. Kent
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyPeter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVic.Australia
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre and Department of Infectious DiseasesAlfred Hospital and Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVic.Australia
- ARC Centre for Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and TechnologyUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVic.Australia
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Cross-Reactive Antibodies Binding to the Influenza Virus Subtype H11 Hemagglutinin. Pathogens 2019; 8:pathogens8040199. [PMID: 31640141 PMCID: PMC6963512 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8040199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
H11 subtype influenza viruses were isolated from a wide range of bird species and one strain also was isolated from swine. In an effort to generate reagents for a chimeric H11/1 hemagglutinin-based universal influenza virus vaccine candidate, we produced 28 monoclonal antibodies that recognize the H11 HA subtype. Here we characterized these antibodies in terms of binding breadth and functionality. We found that the antibodies bind broadly to North American and Eurasian lineage isolates and also show broad neutralizing activity, suggesting that immunogenic epitopes on the H11 head domain are not under strong pressure from immunity in the natural reservoir. Furthermore, we found that the antibodies were highly hemagglutination inhibition active against the homologous chimeric H11/1N1 virus, but approximately 50% lost this activity when tested against a virus expressing the same the full length H11 HA of which the head domain is present on cH11/1 HA. Furthermore, while strong neutralizing activity was found to a genetically distant North American lineage H11 isolate, little hemagglutination inhibition activity was detected. This suggests that small structural changes between wild type H11 and cH11/1 as well as between Eurasian and North American lineage H11 HAs can strongly influence the functionality of the isolated monoclonal antibodies.
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38
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Jang YH, Seong BL. The Quest for a Truly Universal Influenza Vaccine. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:344. [PMID: 31649895 PMCID: PMC6795694 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an unmet public health need for a universal influenza vaccine (UIV) to provide broad and durable protection from influenza virus infections. The identification of broadly protective antibodies and cross-reactive T cells directed to influenza viral targets present a promising prospect for the development of a UIV. Multiple targets for cross-protection have been identified in the stalk and head of hemagglutinin (HA) to develop a UIV. Recently, neuraminidase (NA) has received significant attention as a critical component for increasing the breadth of protection. The HA stalk-based approaches have shown promising results of broader protection in animal studies, and their feasibility in humans are being evaluated in clinical trials. Mucosal immune responses and cross-reactive T cell immunity across influenza A and B viruses intrinsic to live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) have emerged as essential features to be incorporated into a UIV. Complementing the weakness of the stand-alone approaches, prime-boost vaccination combining HA stalk, and LAIV is under clinical evaluation, with the aim to increase the efficacy and broaden the spectrum of protection. Preexisting immunity in humans established by prior exposure to influenza viruses may affect the hierarchy and magnitude of immune responses elicited by an influenza vaccine, limiting the interpretation of preclinical data based on naive animals, necessitating human challenge studies. A consensus is yet to be achieved on the spectrum of protection, efficacy, target population, and duration of protection to define a “universal” vaccine. This review discusses the recent advancements in the development of UIVs, rationales behind cross-protection and vaccine designs, and challenges faced in obtaining balanced protection potency, a wide spectrum of protection, and safety relevant to UIVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yo Han Jang
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Baik Lin Seong
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.,Vaccine Translational Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
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Historical H1N1 Influenza Virus Imprinting Increases Vaccine Protection by Influencing the Activity and Sustained Production of Antibodies Elicited at Vaccination in Ferrets. Vaccines (Basel) 2019; 7:vaccines7040133. [PMID: 31569351 PMCID: PMC6963198 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines7040133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus imprinting is now understood to significantly influence the immune responses and clinical outcome of influenza virus infections that occur later in life. Due to the yearly cycling of influenza viruses, humans are imprinted with the circulating virus of their birth year and subsequently build a complex influenza virus immune history. Despite this knowledge, little is known about how the imprinting strain influences vaccine responses. To investigate the immune responses of the imprinted host to split-virion vaccination, we imprinted ferrets with a sublethal dose of the historical seasonal H1N1 strain A/USSR/90/1977. After a +60-day recovery period to build immune memory, ferrets were immunized and then challenged on Day 123. Antibody specificity and recall were investigated throughout the time course. At challenge, the imprinted vaccinated ferrets did not experience significant disease, while naïve-vaccinated ferrets had significant weight loss. Haemagglutination inhibition assays showed that imprinted ferrets had a more robust antibody response post vaccination and increased virus neutralization activity. Imprinted-vaccinated animals had increased virus-specific IgG antibodies compared to the other experimental groups, suggesting B-cell maturity and plasticity at vaccination. These results should be considered when designing the next generation of influenza vaccines.
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40
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Sun W, Zheng A, Miller R, Krammer F, Palese P. An Inactivated Influenza Virus Vaccine Approach to Targeting the Conserved Hemagglutinin Stalk and M2e Domains. Vaccines (Basel) 2019; 7:vaccines7030117. [PMID: 31540436 PMCID: PMC6789539 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines7030117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Universal influenza virus vaccine candidates that focus on the conserved hemagglutinin (HA) stalk domain and the extracellular domain of the matrix protein 2 (M2e) have been developed to increase the breadth of protection against multiple strains. In this study, we report a novel inactivated influenza virus vaccine approach that combines these two strategies. We inserted a human consensus M2e epitope into the immunodominant antigenic site (Ca2 site) of three different chimeric HAs (cHAs). Sequential immunization with inactivated viruses containing these modified cHAs substantially enhanced M2e antibody responses while simultaneously boosting stalk antibody responses. The combination of additional M2e antibodies with HA stalk antibodies resulted in superior antibody-mediated protection in mice against challenge viruses expressing homologous or heterosubtypic hemagglutinin and neuraminidase compared to vaccination strategies that targeted the HA stalk or M2e epitopes in isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weina Sun
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Allen Zheng
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Robert Miller
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Peter Palese
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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41
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McMahon M, Asthagiri Arunkumar G, Liu WC, Stadlbauer D, Albrecht RA, Pavot V, Aramouni M, Lambe T, Gilbert SC, Krammer F. Vaccination With Viral Vectors Expressing Chimeric Hemagglutinin, NP and M1 Antigens Protects Ferrets Against Influenza Virus Challenge. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2005. [PMID: 31497029 PMCID: PMC6712942 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Seasonal influenza viruses cause significant morbidity and mortality in the global population every year. Although seasonal vaccination limits disease, mismatches between the circulating strain and the vaccine strain can severely impair vaccine effectiveness. Because of this, there is an urgent need for a universal vaccine that induces broad protection against drifted seasonal and emerging pandemic influenza viruses. Targeting the conserved stalk region of the influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA), the major glycoprotein on the surface of the virus, results in the production of broadly protective antibody responses. Furthermore, replication deficient viral vectors based on Chimpanzee Adenovirus Oxford 1 (ChAdOx1) and modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) virus expressing the influenza virus internal antigens, the nucleoprotein (NP) and matrix 1 (M1) protein, can induce strong heterosubtypic influenza virus-specific T cell responses in vaccinated individuals. Here, we combine these two platforms to evaluate the efficacy of a viral vectored vaccination regimen in protecting ferrets from H3N2 influenza virus infection. We observed that viral vectored vaccines expressing both stalk-targeting, chimeric HA constructs, and the NP+M1 fusion protein, in a prime-boost regimen resulted in the production of antibodies toward group 2 HAs, the HA stalk, NP and M1, as well as in induction of influenza virus-specific-IFNγ responses. The immune response induced by this vaccination regime ultimately reduced viral titers in the respiratory tract of influenza virus infected ferrets. Overall, these results improve our understanding of vaccination platforms capable of harnessing both cellular and humoral immunity with the goal of developing a universal influenza virus vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meagan McMahon
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Guha Asthagiri Arunkumar
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Wen-Chun Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Daniel Stadlbauer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Randy A. Albrecht
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Vincent Pavot
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mario Aramouni
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Teresa Lambe
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah C. Gilbert
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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Xie X, Zhao C, He Q, Qiu T, Yuan S, Ding L, Liu L, Jiang L, Wang J, Zhang L, Zhang C, Wang X, Zhou D, Zhang X, Xu J. Influenza Vaccine With Consensus Internal Antigens as Immunogens Provides Cross-Group Protection Against Influenza A Viruses. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1630. [PMID: 31379782 PMCID: PMC6647892 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Given that continuing antigenic shift and drift of influenza A viruses result in the escape from previous vaccine-induced immune protection, a universal influenza vaccine has been actively sought. However, there were very few vaccines capable of eliciting cross-group ant-influenza immunity. Here, we designed two novel composite immunogens containing highly conserved T-cell epitopes of six influenza A virus internal antigens, and expressed them in DNA, recombinant adenovirus-based (AdC68) and recombinant vaccinia vectors, respectively, to formulate three vaccine forms. The introduction of the two immunogens via a DNA priming and viral vectored vaccine boosting modality afforded cross-group protection from both PR8 and H7N9 influenza virus challenges in mice. Both respiratory residential and systemic T cells contributed to the protective efficacy. Intranasal but not intramuscular administration of AdC68 based vaccine was capable of raising both T cell subpopulations to confer a full protection from lethal PR8 and H7N9 challenges, and blocking the lymphatic egress of T cells during challenges attenuated the protection. Thus, by targeting highly conserved internal viral epitopes to efficiently generate both respiratory and systemic memory T cells, the sequential vaccination strategy reported here represented a new promising candidate for the development of T-cell based universal influenza vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinci Xie
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Institutes of Biomedical Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Institutes of Biomedical Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian He
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Institutes of Biomedical Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianyi Qiu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Institutes of Biomedical Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Songhua Yuan
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Institutes of Biomedical Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Longfei Ding
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Institutes of Biomedical Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Institutes of Biomedical Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lang Jiang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Institutes of Biomedical Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Institutes of Biomedical Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Linxia Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Institutes of Biomedical Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Vaccine Research Center, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Vaccine Research Center, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongming Zhou
- Vaccine Research Center, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Institutes of Biomedical Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianqing Xu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Institutes of Biomedical Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Isakova-Sivak I, Matyushenko V, Kotomina T, Kiseleva I, Krutikova E, Donina S, Rekstin A, Larionova N, Mezhenskaya D, Sivak K, Muzhikyan A, Katelnikova A, Rudenko L. Sequential Immunization with Universal Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine Candidates Protects Ferrets against a High-Dose Heterologous Virus Challenge. Vaccines (Basel) 2019; 7:vaccines7030061. [PMID: 31288422 PMCID: PMC6789596 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines7030061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of universal influenza vaccines has been a priority for more than 20 years. We conducted a preclinical study in ferrets of two sets of live attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIVs) expressing chimeric hemagglutinin (cHA). These vaccines contained the HA stalk domain from H1N1pdm09 virus but had antigenically unrelated globular head domains from avian influenza viruses H5N1, H8N4 and H9N2. The viral nucleoproteins (NPs) in the two sets of universal LAIV candidates were from different sources: one LAIV set contained NP from A/Leningrad/17 master donor virus (MDV), while in the other set this gene was from wild-type (WT) H1N1pdm09 virus, in order to better match the CD8 T-cell epitopes of currently circulating influenza A viruses. To avoid any difference in protective effect of the various anti-neuraminidase (NA) antibodies, all LAIVs were engineered to contain the NA gene of Len/17 MDV. Naïve ferrets were sequentially immunized with three doses of (i) classical LAIVs containing non-chimeric HA and NP from MDV (LAIVs (NP-MDV)); (ii) cHA-based LAIVs containing NP from MDV (cHA LAIVs (NP-MDV)); and (iii) cHA-based LAIVs containing NP from H1N1pdm09 virus (cHA LAIVs (NP-WT)). All vaccination regimens were safe, producing no significant increase in body temperature or weight loss, in comparison with the placebo group. The two groups of cHA-based vaccines induced a broadly reactive HA stalk-directed antibody, while classical LAIVs did not. A high-dose challenge with H1N1pdm09 virus induced significant pathology in the control, non-immunized ferrets, including high virus titers in respiratory tissues, clinical signs of disease and histopathological changes in nasal turbinates and lung tissues. All three vaccination regimens protected animals from clinical manifestations of disease: immunized ferrets did not lose weight or show clinical symptoms, and their fever was significantly lower than in the control group. Further analysis of virological and pathological data revealed the following hierarchy in the cross-protective efficacy of the vaccines: cHA LAIVs (NP-WT) > cHA LAIVs (NP-MDV) > LAIVs (NP-MDV). This ferret study showed that prototype universal cHA-based LAIVs are highly promising candidates for further clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Isakova-Sivak
- Department of Virology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St Petersburg 197376, Russia.
| | - Victoria Matyushenko
- Department of Virology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St Petersburg 197376, Russia
| | - Tatiana Kotomina
- Department of Virology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St Petersburg 197376, Russia
| | - Irina Kiseleva
- Department of Virology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St Petersburg 197376, Russia
| | - Elena Krutikova
- Department of Virology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St Petersburg 197376, Russia
| | - Svetlana Donina
- Department of Virology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St Petersburg 197376, Russia
| | - Andrey Rekstin
- Department of Virology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St Petersburg 197376, Russia
| | - Natalia Larionova
- Department of Virology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St Petersburg 197376, Russia
| | - Daria Mezhenskaya
- Department of Virology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St Petersburg 197376, Russia
| | - Konstantin Sivak
- Department of Preclinical Trials, Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, St Petersburg 197376, Russia
| | - Arman Muzhikyan
- Department of Preclinical Trials, Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, St Petersburg 197376, Russia
| | - Anastasia Katelnikova
- Department of Toxicology and Microbiology, Institute of Preclinical Research Ltd., St Petersburg 188663, Russia
| | - Larisa Rudenko
- Department of Virology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St Petersburg 197376, Russia
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