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Garcia FG, Helmo FR, da Silva MV, Rodrigues V, Oliveira CJF, Teixeira LDAS, Rogério ADP, Teixeira DNS. Elevated NS1 serum levels reduce CD119 expression and CXCL-10 synthesis in patients with dengue hemorrhagic fever. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2024; 57:e00410. [PMID: 39082520 PMCID: PMC11290849 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0577-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intensity of dengue virus (DV) replication and circulating non-structural protein 1 (NS1) levels may promote changes in the human immune response and favor severe forms of infection. We investigated the correlations between NS1 with CXCL-8, CXCL-10, IFN-γ, and IL-12p40 serum levels, and IFN-γ receptor α chain (CD119) expression, and CXCL10 production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) stimulated with recombinant IFN-γ in DV-infected patients with different clinical forms. METHODS Dengue virus NS1, CXCL-8, CXCL-10, IFN-γ, and IL-12p40 serum levels were measured in 152 DV-infected patients with different clinical forms and 20 non-infected individuals (NI) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In addition, we investigated the CXCL-10 production after in vitro IFN-γ stimulation of PBMCs from 48 DV-infected individuals (with different clinical forms of dengue fever) and 20 NI individuals using ELISA, and CD119 expression on CD14+ cells with flow cytometry. RESULTS Patients with dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) had significantly higher NS1, CXCL-8, and CXCL-10 serum levels than those with classic dengue fever (DF). The response of PBMCs to IFN-γ stimulation was lower in patients with DHF than in those with DF or dengue with complications (DWC), with lower CD119 expression and reduced CXCL-10 synthesis. In addition, these alterations are associated with high NS1 serum levels. CONCLUSIONS Patients with DHF reported high NS1 levels, low CD119 expression, and low CXCL-10 synthesis in PBMCs, which may be associated with infection progression and severity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marcos Vinícius da Silva
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e Naturais, Laboratório de
Imunologia. Uberaba, MG, Brasil
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e Naturais, Disciplina de
Parasitologia. Uberaba, MG, Brasil
| | - Virmondes Rodrigues
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e Naturais, Laboratório de
Imunologia. Uberaba, MG, Brasil
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Sanchez-Vargas LA, Mathew A, Salje H, Sousa D, Casale NA, Farmer A, Buddhari D, Anderson K, Iamsirithaworn S, Kaewhiran S, Friberg H, Currier JR, Rothman AL. Protective Role of NS1-Specific Antibodies in the Immune Response to Dengue Virus through Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity. J Infect Dis 2024:jiae137. [PMID: 38478732 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiae137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 10/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue virus (DENV) non-structural protein 1 (NS1) has multiple functions within infected cells, on the cell surface, and in secreted form, and is highly immunogenic. Immunity from previous DENV infections is known to exert both positive and negative effects on subsequent DENV infections, but the contribution of NS1-specific antibodies to these effects is incompletely understood. METHODS We investigated the functions of NS1-specific antibodies and their significance in DENV infection. We analyzed plasma samples collected in a prospective cohort study prior to symptomatic or subclinical secondary DENV infection. We measured binding to purified recombinant NS1 protein and to NS1-expressing CEM cells, antibody-mediated NK cell activation by plate-bound NS1 protein, and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) of NS1-expressing target cells. RESULTS We found that antibody responses to NS1 were highly serotype-cross-reactive and that subjects who experienced subclinical DENV infection had significantly higher antibody responses to NS1 in pre-infection plasma than subjects who experienced symptomatic infection. We observed strong positive correlations between antibody binding and NK activation. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate the involvement of NS1-specific antibodies in ADCC and provide evidence for a protective effect of NS1-specific antibodies in secondary DENV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Sanchez-Vargas
- Institute for Immunology and Informatics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Anuja Mathew
- Institute for Immunology and Informatics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Henrik Salje
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - David Sousa
- Institute for Immunology and Informatics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Nicole A Casale
- Institute for Immunology and Informatics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Aaron Farmer
- Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Darunee Buddhari
- Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kathryn Anderson
- State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Sopon Iamsirithaworn
- Department of Communicable Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | | | - Heather Friberg
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Currier
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Alan L Rothman
- Institute for Immunology and Informatics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, United States
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3
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Lim HJ, Saha T, Ooi CW. Site-specific imprinting of dengue virus non-structural 1 antigen on a polydopamine-based sensing film for early detection and prognosis of dengue. Talanta 2024; 268:125376. [PMID: 37951180 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
Serum levels of dengue virus (DENV) non-structural 1 (NS1) antigen can serve as a valuable prognostic indicator of severe dengue infections. A quartz crystal microbalance (QCM)-based biosensor with a biomimetic recognition element was designed to quantitatively detect DENV NS1 as an early disease biomarker. To mitigate the reliance on costly viral antigens during the molecular imprinting process, a synthetic peptide mimicking a DENV NS1 epitope was used as a surrogate template for the synthesis of an epitope-imprinted polydopamine (EMIPDA) sensing film on the biosensor surface. The maximal frequency shift for DENV NS1 was obtained with an EMIPDA film synthesised using 5 mg mL-1 of dopamine monomer and 0.5 mg mL-1 of peptide template. The EMIPDA-QCM biosensor achieved low detection and quantitation limits of 0.091 μg mL-1 and 0.436 μg mL-1, respectively, allowing acute-phase detection of dengue and prognosis of the disease progression. The EMIPDA-QCM biosensor exhibited remarkable selectivity with up to 68-fold larger frequency responses towards DENV NS1 compared to a major serum protein. The site-specific imprinting approach not only enhanced the biosensing performance but also enabled a 26-fold cost reduction for biosensor functionalisation, providing a cost-effective strategy for label-free biosensing of the dengue biomarker via the biopolymer film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jean Lim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Tridib Saha
- Department of Electrical and Robotics Engineering, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chien Wei Ooi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia; Advanced Engineering Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia; Tropical Medicine and Biology Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Basheer A, Jamal SB, Alzahrani B, Faheem M. Development of a tetravalent subunit vaccine against dengue virus through a vaccinomics approach. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1273838. [PMID: 38045699 PMCID: PMC10690774 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1273838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus infection (DVI) is a mosquito-borne disease that can lead to serious morbidity and mortality. Dengue fever (DF) is a major public health concern that affects approximately 3.9 billion people each year globally. However, there is no vaccine or drug available to deal with DVI. Dengue virus consists of four distinct serotypes (DENV1-4), each raising a different immunological response. In the present study, we designed a tetravalent subunit multi-epitope vaccine, targeting proteins including the structural protein envelope domain III (EDIII), precursor membrane proteins (prM), and a non-structural protein (NS1) from each serotype by employing an immunoinformatic approach. Only conserved sequences obtained through a multiple sequence alignment were used for epitope mapping to ensure efficacy against all serotypes. The epitopes were shortlisted based on an IC50 value <50, antigenicity, allergenicity, and a toxicity analysis. In the final vaccine construct, overall, 11 B-cell epitopes, 10 HTL epitopes, and 10 CTL epitopes from EDIII, prM, and NS1 proteins targeting all serotypes were selected and joined via KK, AAY, and GGGS linkers, respectively. We incorporated a 45-amino-acid-long B-defensins adjuvant in the final vaccine construct for a better immunogenic response. The vaccine construct has an antigenic score of 0.79 via VaxiJen and is non-toxic and non-allergenic. Our refined vaccine structure has a Ramachandran score of 96.4%. The vaccine has shown stable interaction with TLR3, which has been validated by 50 ns of molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Our findings propose that a designed multi-epitope vaccine has substantial potential to elicit a strong immune response against all dengue serotypes without causing any adverse effects. Furthermore, the proposed vaccine can be experimentally validated as a probable vaccine, suggesting it may serve as an effective preventative measure against dengue virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Basheer
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Syed Babar Jamal
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Badr Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakakah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Faheem
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, United States
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5
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Ramu ST, Dissanayake M, Jeewandara C, Bary F, Harvie M, Gomes L, Wijesinghe A, Ariyaratne D, Ogg GS, Malavige GN. Antibody and memory B cell responses to the dengue virus NS1 antigen in individuals with varying severity of past infection. Immunology 2023; 170:47-59. [PMID: 37075785 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
To further understand the role of NS1-specific antibodies (Abs) in disease pathogenesis, we compared neutralizing antibody levels (Nabs), NS1-Ab levels, IgG antibody subclass profiles and NS1-specific memory B-cell responses (Bmems) in individuals, with varying severity of past dengue. Nabs (Neut50 titres) were assessed using the Foci Reduction Neutralization Test (FRNT) and in-house ELISAs were used to assess NS1-Abs and NS1-Ab subclasses for all four DENV serotypes in individuals with past DF (n = 22), those with past DHF (n = 14) and seronegative (SN) individuals (n = 7). B-cell ELISpot assays were used to assess NS1-specific Bmem responses. 15/22 (68.18%) individuals with past DF and 9/14 (64.29%) individuals with past DHF had heterotypic infections. Neut50 titres were found to be significantly higher for DENV1 than DENV2 (p = 0.0006) and DENV4 (p = 0.0127), in those with past DHF, whereas there was no significant difference seen in titres for different DENV serotypes in those with past DF. Overall NS1-Ab to all serotypes and NS1-specific IgG1 responses for DENV1, 2 and 4 serotypes were significantly higher in those with past DHF than individuals with past DF. Those with past DHF also had higher IgG1 than IgG3 for DENV1 and DENV3, whereas no differences were seen in those with past DF. Over 50% of those with past DF or DHF had NS1-specific Bmem responses to >2 DENV serotypes. There was no difference in the frequency of Bmem responses to any of the DENV serotypes between individuals with past DF and DHF. Although the frequency of Bmem responses to DENV1 correlated with DENV1-specific NS1-Abs levels (Spearman r = 0.35, p = 0.02), there was no correlation with other DENV serotypes. We found that those with past DF had broadly cross-reactive Nabs, while those with past DHF had higher NS1-Ab responses possibly with a different functionality profile than those with past DF. Therefore, it would be important to further evaluate the functionality of NS1-specific antibody and Bmem responses to find out the type of antibody repertoire that is associated with protection against severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyrar Tanussiya Ramu
- Allergy Immunology and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Madushika Dissanayake
- Allergy Immunology and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Chandima Jeewandara
- Allergy Immunology and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Farha Bary
- Allergy Immunology and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Michael Harvie
- Allergy Immunology and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Laksiri Gomes
- Allergy Immunology and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Ayesha Wijesinghe
- Allergy Immunology and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Dinuka Ariyaratne
- Allergy Immunology and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Graham S Ogg
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Gathsaurie Neelika Malavige
- Allergy Immunology and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Colombo, Sri Lanka
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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6
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Beicht J, Kubinski M, Zdora I, Puff C, Biermann J, Gerlach T, Baumgärtner W, Sutter G, Osterhaus ADME, Prajeeth CK, Rimmelzwaan GF. Induction of humoral and cell-mediated immunity to the NS1 protein of TBEV with recombinant Influenza virus and MVA affords partial protection against lethal TBEV infection in mice. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1177324. [PMID: 37483628 PMCID: PMC10360051 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1177324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is one of the most relevant tick-transmitted neurotropic arboviruses in Europe and Asia and the causative agent of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE). Annually more than 10,000 TBE cases are reported despite having vaccines available. In Europe, the vaccines FSME-IMMUN® and Encepur® based on formaldehyde-inactivated whole viruses are licensed. However, demanding vaccination schedules contribute to sub-optimal vaccination uptake and breakthrough infections have been reported repeatedly. Due to its immunogenic properties as well as its role in viral replication and disease pathogenesis, the non-structural protein 1 (NS1) of flaviviruses has become of interest for non-virion based flavivirus vaccine candidates in recent years. Methods Therefore, immunogenicity and protective efficacy of TBEV NS1 expressed by neuraminidase (NA)-deficient Influenza A virus (IAV) or Modified Vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) vectors were investigated in this study. Results With these recombinant viral vectors TBEV NS1-specific antibody and T cell responses were induced. Upon heterologous prime/boost regimens partial protection against lethal TBEV challenge infection was afforded in mice. Discussion This supports the inclusion of NS1 as a vaccine component in next generation TBEV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Beicht
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mareike Kubinski
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Isabel Zdora
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover Graduate School for Neurosciences, Infection Medicine, and Veterinary Sciences (HGNI), Hannover, Germany
| | - Christina Puff
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jeannine Biermann
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Gerlach
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Baumgärtner
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover Graduate School for Neurosciences, Infection Medicine, and Veterinary Sciences (HGNI), Hannover, Germany
| | - Gerd Sutter
- Division of Virology, Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Albert D. M. E. Osterhaus
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Chittappen Kandiyil Prajeeth
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Guus F. Rimmelzwaan
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
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7
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Su L, Huang W, Neill FH, Estes MK, Atmar RL, Palzkill T. Mapping human norovirus antigens during infection reveals the breadth of the humoral immune response. NPJ Vaccines 2023; 8:87. [PMID: 37280322 PMCID: PMC10242225 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00683-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human noroviruses (HuNoV) are the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide. The humoral immune response plays an important role in clearing HuNoV infections and elucidating the antigenic landscape of HuNoV during an infection can shed light on antibody targets to inform vaccine design. Here, we utilized Jun-Fos-assisted phage display of a HuNoV genogroup GI.1 genomic library and deep sequencing to simultaneously map the epitopes of serum antibodies of six individuals infected with GI.1 HuNoV. We found both unique and common epitopes that were widely distributed among both nonstructural proteins and the major capsid protein. Recurring epitope profiles suggest immunodominant antibody footprints among these individuals. Analysis of sera collected longitudinally from three individuals showed the presence of existing epitopes in the pre-infection sera, suggesting these individuals had prior HuNoV infections. Nevertheless, newly recognized epitopes surfaced seven days post-infection. These new epitope signals persisted by 180 days post-infection along with the pre-infection epitopes, suggesting a persistent production of antibodies recognizing epitopes from previous and new infections. Lastly, analysis of a GII.4 genotype genomic phage display library with sera of three persons infected with GII.4 virus revealed epitopes that overlapped with those identified in GI.1 affinity selections, suggesting the presence of GI.1/GII.4 cross-reactive antibodies. The results demonstrate that genomic phage display coupled with deep sequencing can characterize HuNoV antigenic landscapes from complex polyclonal human sera to reveal the timing and breadth of the human humoral immune response to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn Su
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Wanzhi Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Frederick H Neill
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Mary K Estes
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Robert L Atmar
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Timothy Palzkill
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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8
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Lim PY, Ramapraba A, Loy T, Rouers A, Thein TL, Leo YS, Burton DR, Fink K, Wang CI. A nonstructural protein 1 capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay specific for dengue viruses. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285878. [PMID: 37200264 PMCID: PMC10194908 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue non-structural protein (NS1) is an important diagnostic marker during the acute phase of infection. Because NS1 is partially conserved across the flaviviruses, a highly specific DENV NS-1 diagnostic test is needed to differentiate dengue infection from Zika virus (ZIKV) infection. In this study, we characterized three newly isolated antibodies against NS1 (A2, D6 and D8) from a dengue-infected patient and a previously published human anti-NS1 antibody (Den3). All four antibodies recognized multimeric forms of NS1 from different serotypes. A2 bound to NS1 from DENV-1, -2, and -3, D6 bound to NS1 from DENV-1, -2, and -4, and D8 and Den3 interacted with NS1 from all four dengue serotypes. Using a competition ELISA, we found that A2 and D6 bound to overlapping epitopes on NS1 whereas D8 recognized an epitope distinct from A2 and D6. In addition, we developed a capture ELISA that specifically detected NS1 from dengue viruses, but not ZIKV, using Den3 as the capture antibody and D8 as the detecting antibody. This assay detected NS1 from all the tested dengue virus strains and dengue-infected patients. In conclusion, we established a dengue-specific capture ELISA using human antibodies against NS1. This assay has the potential to be developed as a point-of-care diagnostic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yin Lim
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Appanna Ramapraba
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thomas Loy
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Angeline Rouers
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tun-Linn Thein
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yee-Sin Leo
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dennis R. Burton
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Katja Fink
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cheng-I Wang
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
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Waickman AT, Newell K, Endy TP, Thomas SJ. Biologics for dengue prevention: up-to-date. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2023; 23:73-87. [PMID: 36417290 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2022.2151837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dengue is a worsening global public health problem. The vector-viral-host interactions driving the pathogenesis of dengue are multi-dimensional. Sequential dengue virus (DENV) infections with different DENV types significantly increase the risk of severe disease. Treatment is supportive in nature as there are no licensed anti-DENV antivirals or immuno-therapeutics. A single dengue vaccine has widely been licensed with two others in advanced clinical development. Dengvaxia® has been licensed in numerous countries but uptake has been slow as a result of safety signals noted in the youngest recipients and those who were dengue naïve at the time of vaccination. AREAS COVERED In this review, the current state of dengue vaccine and antiviral drug development will be discussed as well as new developments in controlled human infection models to support product development. EXPERT OPINION The world needs a safe and efficacious tetravalent dengue vaccine capable of protecting multiple different populations across a broad age range and different flavivirus immunologic backgrounds. Safe and effective antivirals are also needed to prevent or attenuate dengue disease in the unvaccinated, in cases of vaccine failure, or in high-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam T Waickman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY USA
| | - Krista Newell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY USA
| | - Timothy P Endy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY USA
| | - Stephen J Thomas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY USA
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Dos Santos Nascimento IJ, da Silva Rodrigues ÉE, da Silva MF, de Araújo-Júnior JX, de Moura RO. Advances in Computational Methods to Discover New NS2B-NS3 Inhibitors Useful Against Dengue and Zika Viruses. Curr Top Med Chem 2022; 22:2435-2462. [PMID: 36415099 DOI: 10.2174/1568026623666221122121330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The Flaviviridae virus family consists of the genera Hepacivirus, Pestivirus, and Flavivirus, with approximately 70 viral types that use arthropods as vectors. Among these diseases, dengue (DENV) and zika virus (ZIKV) serotypes stand out, responsible for thousands of deaths worldwide. Due to the significant increase in cases, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared DENV a potential threat for 2019 due to being transmitted by infected travelers. Furthermore, ZIKV also has a high rate of transmissibility, highlighted in the outbreak in 2015, generating consequences such as Guillain-Barré syndrome and microcephaly. According to clinical outcomes, those infected with DENV can be asymptomatic, and in other cases, it can be lethal. On the other hand, ZIKV has severe neurological symptoms in newborn babies and adults. More serious symptoms include microcephaly, brain calcifications, intrauterine growth restriction, and fetal death. Despite these worrying data, no drug or vaccine is approved to treat these diseases. In the drug discovery process, one of the targets explored against these diseases is the NS2B-NS3 complex, which presents the catalytic triad His51, Asp75, and Ser135, with the function of cleaving polyproteins, with specificity for basic amino acid residues, Lys- Arg, Arg-Arg, Arg-Lys or Gln-Arg. Since NS3 is highly conserved in all DENV serotypes and plays a vital role in viral replication, this complex is an excellent drug target. In recent years, computer-aided drug discovery (CADD) is increasingly essential in drug discovery campaigns, making the process faster and more cost-effective, mainly explained by discovering new drugs against DENV and ZIKV. Finally, the main advances in computational methods applied to discover new compounds against these diseases will be presented here. In fact, molecular dynamics simulations and virtual screening is the most explored approach, providing several hit and lead compounds that can be used in further optimizations. In addition, fragment-based drug design and quantum chemistry/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) provides new insights for developing anti-DENV/ZIKV drugs. We hope that this review offers further helpful information for researchers worldwide and stimulates the use of computational methods to find a promising drug for treating DENV and ZIKV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor José Dos Santos Nascimento
- Department of Pharmacy, Estácio of Alagoas College, Maceió, Brazil.,Department of Pharmacy, Cesmac University Center, Maceió, Brazil.,Department of Pharmacy, Drug Development and Synthesis Laboratory, State University of Paraíba, Campina Grande, Brazil
| | | | - Manuele Figueiredo da Silva
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Sciences Institute, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | - João Xavier de Araújo-Júnior
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Sciences Institute, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Olimpio de Moura
- Department of Pharmacy, Drug Development and Synthesis Laboratory, State University of Paraíba, Campina Grande, Brazil
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11
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Latanova A, Starodubova E, Karpov V. Flaviviridae Nonstructural Proteins: The Role in Molecular Mechanisms of Triggering Inflammation. Viruses 2022; 14:v14081808. [PMID: 36016430 PMCID: PMC9414172 DOI: 10.3390/v14081808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the Flaviviridae family are posing a significant threat to human health worldwide. Many flaviviruses are capable of inducing severe inflammation in humans. Flaviviridae nonstructural proteins, apart from their canonical roles in viral replication, have noncanonical functions strongly affecting antiviral innate immunity. Among these functions, antagonism of type I IFN is the most investigated; meanwhile, more data are accumulated on their role in the other pathways of innate response. This review systematizes the last known data on the role of Flaviviridae nonstructural proteins in molecular mechanisms of triggering inflammation, with an emphasis on their interactions with TLRs and RLRs, interference with NF-κB and cGAS-STING signaling, and activation of inflammasomes.
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12
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Luria-Pérez R, Sánchez-Vargas LA, Muñoz-López P, Mellado-Sánchez G. Mucosal Vaccination: A Promising Alternative Against Flaviviruses. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:887729. [PMID: 35782117 PMCID: PMC9241634 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.887729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Flaviviridae are a family of positive-sense, single-stranded RNA enveloped viruses, and their members belong to a single genus, Flavivirus. Flaviviruses are found in mosquitoes and ticks; they are etiological agents of: dengue fever, Japanese encephalitis, West Nile virus infection, Zika virus infection, tick-borne encephalitis, and yellow fever, among others. Only a few flavivirus vaccines have been licensed for use in humans: yellow fever, dengue fever, Japanese encephalitis, tick-borne encephalitis, and Kyasanur forest disease. However, improvement is necessary in vaccination strategies and in understanding of the immunological mechanisms involved either in the infection or after vaccination. This is especially important in dengue, due to the immunological complexity of its four serotypes, cross-reactive responses, antibody-dependent enhancement, and immunological interference. In this context, mucosal vaccines represent a promising alternative against flaviviruses. Mucosal vaccination has several advantages, as inducing long-term protective immunity in both mucosal and parenteral tissues. It constitutes a friendly route of antigen administration because it is needle-free and allows for a variety of antigen delivery systems. This has promoted the development of several ways to stimulate immunity through the direct administration of antigens (e.g., inactivated virus, attenuated virus, subunits, and DNA), non-replicating vectors (e.g., nanoparticles, liposomes, bacterial ghosts, and defective-replication viral vectors), and replicating vectors (e.g., Salmonella enterica, Lactococcus lactis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and viral vectors). Because of these characteristics, mucosal vaccination has been explored for immunoprophylaxis against pathogens that enter the host through mucosae or parenteral areas. It is suitable against flaviviruses because this type of immunization can stimulate the parenteral responses required after bites from flavivirus-infected insects. This review focuses on the advantages of mucosal vaccine candidates against the most relevant flaviviruses in either humans or animals, providing supporting data on the feasibility of this administration route for future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosendo Luria-Pérez
- Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Hemato-Oncológicas, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Luis A. Sánchez-Vargas
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute for Immunology and Informatics, University of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Paola Muñoz-López
- Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Hemato-Oncológicas, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Posgrado en Biomedicina y Biotecnología Molecular, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Mellado-Sánchez
- Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioterapéuticos (UDIBI), Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Laboratorio Nacional para Servicios Especializados de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación (I+D+i) para Farmoquímicos y Biotecnológicos, LANSEIDI-FarBiotec-CONACyT, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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13
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Zhu L, Liu S, Zhuo Z, Lin Y, Zhang Y, Wang X, Kong L, Wang T. Expression and immunogenicity of nsp10 protein of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. Res Vet Sci 2022; 144:34-43. [PMID: 35038674 PMCID: PMC8721950 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), a swine enteropathogenic coronavirus, causes lethal watery diarrhea to the piglets, which poses significant economic losses and public health concerns. The nsp10 protein of PEDV is essential regulatory subunits that are critical for virus replication. Since PEDV nsp10 is a crucial regulator of viral RNA synthesis, it is promising that nsp10 might become anti-virus drugs target or candidate for rapid diagnosis of PEDV infection. In this study, the PEDV nsp10 was inserted into pMAL-c2x-MBP / pET-28a vector, efficiently and stably expressed in E.coli system. Then the purified nsp10 protein was found to mediate potent antibody responses in immunized mice. The antibodies of immunized mice and PEDV infection swine strongly recognized purified nsp10 protein from cell lysates. Furthermore, cytokines test revealed that the expression of IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ were significantly higher than those in control group, indicated that purified nsp10 protein induce the cellular immune response mechanism in mice. Using modified seroneutralization test, we also demonstrated that sera from nsp10-immunized mice inhibited PEDV replication to some extent. These findings suggest that nsp10 has a high immunogenicity. This study may have implications for future development of PEDV detection or anti-virus drugs for swine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liting Zhu
- Institute of Pathogenic Microorganism, College of Bioscience and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shiguo Liu
- Institute of Pathogenic Microorganism, College of Bioscience and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zewen Zhuo
- Institute of Pathogenic Microorganism, College of Bioscience and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yanxi Lin
- Institute of Pathogenic Microorganism, College of Bioscience and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yanni Zhang
- Jiangxi Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- Institute of Pathogenic Microorganism, College of Bioscience and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lingbao Kong
- Institute of Pathogenic Microorganism, College of Bioscience and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Institute of Pathogenic Microorganism, College of Bioscience and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
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14
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Andrey M, Yana K, Olga G, Bogdana K, Sergey T, Lyudmila E, Nina T. Tick-borne encephalitis nonstructural protein NS1 expressed in E. coli retains immunological properties of the native protein. Protein Expr Purif 2022; 191:106031. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2021.106031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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15
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Magalhães ICL, Souza PFN, Marques LEC, Girão NM, Araújo FMC, Guedes MIF. New insights into the recombinant proteins and monoclonal antibodies employed to immunodiagnosis and control of Zika virus infection: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 200:139-150. [PMID: 34998869 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.12.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
An emergent positive-stranded RNA virus, transmitted by mosquitoes with its first case of vertical transmission confirmed in 2015 in Brazil. The Zika virus (ZIKV) fever has received particular attention, mainly related to neurological diseases such as microcephaly in newborns. However, the laboratory diagnosis for ZIKV still faces some challenges due to its cross-reactivity with other flaviviruses, requiring a correct and differential diagnosis, contributing to the good prognosis of patients, especially in pregnant women. Among these, for early diagnosis, the CDC considers the RT-PCR the gold standard, more sensitive and specific, but expensive. Serological tests for the diagnosis of ZIKV can also be found beyond the period when the viral components are detectable in the serum. Inputs to produce more sensitive and specific diagnostic kits and the possibility of viral detection in less invasive samples are among the objectives of recent research on ZIKV. This review outlines recent advances in developing recombinant antigen and antibody-based diagnostic tools for the main flaviviruses in Northeast Brazil, such as ZIKV and Dengue virus (DENV).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilana C L Magalhães
- Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, State University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil.
| | - Pedro F N Souza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Laboratory of Plant Defense Proteins, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil.
| | - Lívia E C Marques
- Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, State University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
| | - Nicolas M Girão
- Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, State University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Izabel F Guedes
- Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, State University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
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16
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Li Y. Molecular epidemiology of yellow fever virus in Africa: A perspective of the phylogeographic split between East/Central African and West African lineages. Acta Trop 2022; 225:106199. [PMID: 34740635 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Yellow fever (YF) is a major public-health problem in Africa. Yellow fever virus (YFV), the etiological agent responsible for the disease, exhibits clear delineation of phylogeography between East/Central Africa and West Africa. In order to decipher the genetic nature of the YFV epidemic between these areas, we performed a genome-wide study on its African isolates using the McDonald-Kreitman (MK) test in combination with the type II functional divergence analysis. The results showed that adaptive genetic diversifications have occurred on viral nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) and NS5, which are essential for viral genome replication and immune antagonism, with the East/Central African-West African epidemic split. On both proteins, a number of amino acid replacements have been favored by functional divergence. These findings could help to bridge the gap between the phylogeographic delineation and niche adaptation underlying the YFV-epidemic across Africa and shed light on viral determinants of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Wang WH, Urbina AN, Lin CY, Yang ZS, Assavalapsakul W, Thitithanyanont A, Lu PL, Chen YH, Wang SF. Targets and strategies for vaccine development against dengue viruses. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 144:112304. [PMID: 34634560 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is a global health threat causing about half of the worldwide population to be at risk of infection, especially the people living in tropical and subtropical area. Although the dengue disease caused by dengue virus (DENV) is asymptomatic and self-limiting in most people with first infection, increased severe dengue symptoms may be observed in people with heterotypic secondary DENV infection. Since there is a lack of specific antiviral medication, the development of dengue vaccines is critical in the prevention and control this disease. Several targets and strategies in the development of dengue vaccine have been demonstrated. Currently, Dengvaxia, a live-attenuated chimeric yellow-fever/tetravalent dengue vaccine (CYD-TDV) developed by Sanofi Pasteur, has been licensed and approved for clinical use in some countries. However, this vaccine has demonstrated low efficacy in children and dengue-naïve individuals and also increases the risk of severe dengue in young vaccinated recipients. Accordingly, many novel strategies for the dengue vaccine are under investigation and development. Here, we conducted a systemic literature review according to PRISMA guidelines to give a concise overview of various aspects of the vaccine development process against DENVs, mainly targeting five potential strategies including live attenuated vaccine, inactivated virus vaccine, recombinant subunit vaccine, viral-vector vaccine, and DNA vaccine. This study offers the comprehensive view of updated information and current progression of immunogen selection as well as strategies of vaccine development against DENVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hung Wang
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical, University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Aspiro Nayim Urbina
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yen Lin
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Zih-Syuan Yang
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Wanchai Assavalapsakul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Arunee Thitithanyanont
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Po-Liang Lu
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical, University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hsu Chen
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical, University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Fan Wang
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
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18
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García-Larragoiti N, Kim YC, López-Camacho C, Cano-Méndez A, López-Castaneda S, Hernández-Hernández D, Vargas-Ruiz ÁG, Vázquez-Garcidueñas MS, Reyes-Sandoval A, Viveros-Sandoval ME. Platelet activation and aggregation response to dengue virus nonstructural protein 1 and domains. J Thromb Haemost 2021; 19:2572-2582. [PMID: 34160117 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelets are now recognized as immunological sentries in the first line of defense that participate in the detection and response to pathogens. This frequently results in a decrease in the number of circulating platelets. Different mechanisms have been hypothesized to explain the thrombocytopenia in patients with severe dengue, one of them is the participation of the non-structural protein 1 (NS1) of dengue virus (DENV), which can be secreted into circulation during DENV infection and promotes a more efficient infection. OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to investigate the ability of platelet response to stimulation with full-length DENV NS1 protein and its domains. METHODS DENV NS1 plasmid was transfected into HEK-293T. Proteins were purified by Niquel Sepharose affinity chromatography. Secreted proteins were assessed by sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, Coomassie staining and western blot. Platelet-rich plasma was directly incubated with DENV NS1 proteins. Platelet activation was confirmed by expression of αIIbβIII and P-selectin by flow cytometry. Platelet aggregation was also assessed using DENV NS1 protein and its individual domains as agonists. RESULTS DENV NS1 protein and its domains induce P-selectin and αIIbβ3 complex expression on platelet surfaces. DENV NS1 induce a stable platelet aggregation after the addition of a minimal dose of adenosine diphosphate (ADP), epinephrine (EPI), or collagen. Interestingly, only EPI could induce the formation of platelet aggregates after incubation with the protein domains of NS1. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the full DENV NS1 protein and also its domains promote platelet recognition, activation, and aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nallely García-Larragoiti
- División de Estudios de Posgrado, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas y Biológicas "Dr. Ignacio Chávez,", Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, México
- Centro Multidisciplinario de Estudios en Biotecnología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, México
- Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, México
| | - Young Chan Kim
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - César López-Camacho
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alan Cano-Méndez
- División de Estudios de Posgrado, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas y Biológicas "Dr. Ignacio Chávez,", Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, México
- Centro Multidisciplinario de Estudios en Biotecnología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, México
| | - Sandra López-Castaneda
- División de Estudios de Posgrado, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas y Biológicas "Dr. Ignacio Chávez,", Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, México
- Centro Multidisciplinario de Estudios en Biotecnología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, México
| | - Darinel Hernández-Hernández
- Departamento de Hematología y Oncología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Tlalpan, México
| | - Ángel G Vargas-Ruiz
- Departamento de Hematología y Oncología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Tlalpan, México
| | - Ma Soledad Vázquez-Garcidueñas
- División de Estudios de Posgrado, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas y Biológicas "Dr. Ignacio Chávez,", Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, México
| | - Arturo Reyes-Sandoval
- Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, México
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Unidad Adolfo López Mateos, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Martha E Viveros-Sandoval
- División de Estudios de Posgrado, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas y Biológicas "Dr. Ignacio Chávez,", Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, México
- Centro Multidisciplinario de Estudios en Biotecnología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, México
- Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, México
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19
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Cavazzoni CB, Bozza VB, Lucas TC, Conde L, Maia B, Mesin L, Schiepers A, Ersching J, Neris RL, Conde JN, Coelho DR, Lima TM, Alvim RG, Castilho LR, de Paula Neto HA, Mohana-Borges R, Assunção-Miranda I, Nobrega A, Victora GD, Vale AM. The immunodominant antibody response to Zika virus NS1 protein is characterized by cross-reactivity to self. J Exp Med 2021; 218:e20210580. [PMID: 34292314 PMCID: PMC8302445 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20210580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides antigen-specific responses to viral antigens, humoral immune response in virus infection can generate polyreactive and autoreactive antibodies. Dengue and Zika virus infections have been linked to antibody-mediated autoimmune disorders, including Guillain-Barré syndrome. A unique feature of flaviviruses is the secretion of nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) by infected cells. NS1 is highly immunogenic, and antibodies targeting NS1 can have both protective and pathogenic roles. In the present study, we investigated the humoral immune response to Zika virus NS1 and found NS1 to be an immunodominant viral antigen associated with the presence of autoreactive antibodies. Through single B cell cultures, we coupled binding assays and BCR sequencing, confirming the immunodominance of NS1. We demonstrate the presence of self-reactive clones in germinal centers after both infection and immunization, some of which present cross-reactivity with NS1. Sequence analysis of anti-NS1 B cell clones showed sequence features associated with pathogenic autoreactive antibodies. Our findings demonstrate NS1 immunodominance at the cellular level as well as a potential role for NS1 in ZIKV-associated autoimmune manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia B. Cavazzoni
- Laboratório de Biologia de Linfócitos, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Vicente B.T. Bozza
- Laboratório de Biologia de Linfócitos, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tostes C.V. Lucas
- Laboratório de Biologia de Linfócitos, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciana Conde
- Laboratório de Biologia de Linfócitos, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bruno Maia
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luka Mesin
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Ariën Schiepers
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Jonatan Ersching
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Romulo L.S. Neris
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jonas N. Conde
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Diego R. Coelho
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tulio M. Lima
- Programa de Engenharia Química, Laboratório de Engenharia de Cultivos Celulares, Instituto Alberto Luiz Coimbra de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa de Engenharia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renata G.F. Alvim
- Programa de Engenharia Química, Laboratório de Engenharia de Cultivos Celulares, Instituto Alberto Luiz Coimbra de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa de Engenharia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leda R. Castilho
- Programa de Engenharia Química, Laboratório de Engenharia de Cultivos Celulares, Instituto Alberto Luiz Coimbra de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa de Engenharia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Heitor A. de Paula Neto
- Laboratório de Alvos Moleculares, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo Mohana-Borges
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Iranaia Assunção-Miranda
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alberto Nobrega
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gabriel D. Victora
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Andre M. Vale
- Laboratório de Biologia de Linfócitos, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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20
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Lebeau G, Lagrave A, Ogire E, Grondin L, Seriacaroupin S, Moutoussamy C, Mavingui P, Hoarau JJ, Roche M, Krejbich-Trotot P, Desprès P, Viranaicken W. Viral Toxin NS1 Implication in Dengue Pathogenesis Making It a Pivotal Target in Development of Efficient Vaccine. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9090946. [PMID: 34579183 PMCID: PMC8471935 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9090946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The mosquito-borne viral disease dengue is a global public health problem causing a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations ranging from mild dengue fever to severe dengue with plasma leakage and bleeding which are often fatal. To date, there are no specific medications to treat dengue and prevent the risk of hemorrhage. Dengue is caused by one of four genetically related but antigenically distinct serotypes DENV-1–DENV-4. The growing burden of the four DENV serotypes has intensified both basic and applied research to better understand dengue physiopathology. Research has shown that the secreted soluble hexameric form of DENV nonstructural protein-1 (sNS1) plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of severe dengue. Here, we provide an overview of the current knowledge about the role of sNS1 in the immunopathogenesis of dengue disease. We discuss the potential use of sNS1 in future vaccine development and its potential to improve dengue vaccine efficiency, particularly against severe dengue illness.
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Insights on Dengue and Zika NS5 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 224:113698. [PMID: 34274831 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Over recent years, many outbreaks caused by (re)emerging RNA viruses have been reported worldwide, including life-threatening Flaviviruses, such as Dengue (DENV) and Zika (ZIKV). Currently, there is only one licensed vaccine against Dengue, Dengvaxia®. However, its administration is not recommended for children under nine years. Still, there are no specific inhibitors available to treat these infectious diseases. Among the flaviviral proteins, NS5 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) is a metalloenzyme essential for viral replication, suggesting that it is a promising macromolecular target since it has no human homolog. Nowadays, several NS5 RdRp inhibitors have been reported, while none inhibitors are currently in clinical development. In this context, this review constitutes a comprehensive work focused on RdRp inhibitors from natural, synthetic, and even repurposing sources. Furthermore, their main aspects associated with the structure-activity relationship (SAR), proposed mechanisms of action, computational studies, and other topics will be discussed in detail.
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22
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Adam KM. Immunoinformatics approach for multi-epitope vaccine design against structural proteins and ORF1a polyprotein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Trop Dis Travel Med Vaccines 2021; 7:22. [PMID: 34238372 PMCID: PMC8266167 DOI: 10.1186/s40794-021-00147-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lack of effective treatment against the highly infectious SARS-CoV-2 has aggravated the already catastrophic global health issue. Here, in an attempt to design an efficient vaccine, a thorough immunoinformatics approach was followed to predict the most suitable viral proteins epitopes for building that vaccine. METHODS The amino acid sequences of four structural proteins (S, M, N, E) along with one potentially antigenic accessory protein (ORF1a) of SARS-CoV-2 were inspected for the most appropriate epitopes to be used for building the vaccine construct. Several immunoinformatics tools were used to assess the antigenicity (VaxiJen server), immunogenicity (IEDB immunogenicity tool), allergenicity (AlgPred), toxigenicity (ToxinPred server), interferon-gamma inducing capacity (IFNepitope server), and the physicochemical properties of the construct (ProtParam tool). RESULTS The final candidate vaccine construct consisted of 468 amino acids, encompassing 29 epitopes. The CTL epitopes that passed the antigenicity, allergenicity, toxigenicity and immunogenicity assessment were four epitopes from S protein, one from M protein, two from N protein, 12 from the ORF1a polyprotein and none from E protein. While the HTL epitopes that passed the antigenicity, allergenicity, toxigenicity and INF-[Formula: see text] were one from S protein, three from M protein, six from the ORF1a polyprotein and none from N and E proteins. All the vaccine properties and its ability to trigger the humoral and cell-mediated immune response were validated computationally. Molecular modeling, docking to TLR3, simulation, and molecular dynamics were also carried out. Finally, a molecular clone using pET28::mAID expression plasmid vector was prepared. CONCLUSION The overall results of the study suggest that the final multi-epitope chimeric construct is a potential candidate for an efficient protective vaccine against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Mohamed Adam
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Medical and Engineering Complex, University of Bisha, Bisha, 61922, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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23
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Zhao R, Wang M, Cao J, Shen J, Zhou X, Wang D, Cao J. Flavivirus: From Structure to Therapeutics Development. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11070615. [PMID: 34202239 PMCID: PMC8303334 DOI: 10.3390/life11070615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Flaviviruses are still a hidden threat to global human safety, as we are reminded by recent reports of dengue virus infections in Singapore and African-lineage-like Zika virus infections in Brazil. Therapeutic drugs or vaccines for flavivirus infections are in urgent need but are not well developed. The Flaviviridae family comprises a large group of enveloped viruses with a single-strand RNA genome of positive polarity. The genome of flavivirus encodes ten proteins, and each of them plays a different and important role in viral infection. In this review, we briefly summarized the major information of flavivirus and further introduced some strategies for the design and development of vaccines and anti-flavivirus compound drugs based on the structure of the viral proteins. There is no doubt that in the past few years, studies of antiviral drugs have achieved solid progress based on better understanding of the flavivirus biology. However, currently, there are no fully effective antiviral drugs or vaccines for most flaviviruses. We hope that this review may provide useful information for future development of anti-flavivirus drugs and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China; (R.Z.); (M.W.); (J.C.); (J.S.)
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Meiyue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China; (R.Z.); (M.W.); (J.C.); (J.S.)
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Jing Cao
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China; (R.Z.); (M.W.); (J.C.); (J.S.)
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Jing Shen
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China; (R.Z.); (M.W.); (J.C.); (J.S.)
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Medical Imaging, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China;
| | - Deping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China; (R.Z.); (M.W.); (J.C.); (J.S.)
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
- Correspondence: (D.W.); (J.C.)
| | - Jimin Cao
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China; (R.Z.); (M.W.); (J.C.); (J.S.)
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
- Correspondence: (D.W.); (J.C.)
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Carpio KL, Barrett ADT. Flavivirus NS1 and Its Potential in Vaccine Development. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:622. [PMID: 34207516 PMCID: PMC8229460 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9060622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Flavivirus genus contains many important human pathogens, including dengue, Japanese encephalitis (JE), tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), West Nile (WN), yellow fever (YF) and Zika (ZIK) viruses. While there are effective vaccines for a few flavivirus diseases (JE, TBE and YF), the majority do not have vaccines, including WN and ZIK. The flavivirus nonstructural 1 (NS1) protein has an unusual structure-function because it is glycosylated and forms different structures to facilitate different roles intracellularly and extracellularly, including roles in the replication complex, assisting in virus assembly, and complement antagonism. It also plays a role in protective immunity through antibody-mediated cellular cytotoxicity, and anti-NS1 antibodies elicit passive protection in animal models against a virus challenge. Historically, NS1 has been used as a diagnostic marker for the flavivirus infection due to its complement fixing properties and specificity. Its role in disease pathogenesis, and the strong humoral immune response resulting from infection, makes NS1 an excellent target for inclusion in candidate flavivirus vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kassandra L. Carpio
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA;
| | - Alan D. T. Barrett
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
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25
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Sanchez Vargas LA, Adam A, Masterson M, Smith M, Lyski ZL, Dowd KA, Pierson TC, Messer WB, Currier JR, Mathew A. Non-structural protein 1-specific antibodies directed against Zika virus in humans mediate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Immunology 2021; 164:386-397. [PMID: 34056709 PMCID: PMC8442231 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing interest in understanding antibody (Ab) function beyond neutralization. The non-structural protein 1 (NS1) of Zika virus (ZIKV) is an attractive candidate for an effective vaccine as Abs against NS1, unlike the envelope or premembrane, do not carry the risk of mediating antibody-dependent enhancement. Our aim was to evaluate whether ZIKV NS1 Abs elicited following natural infection in humans can mediate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). We evaluated the isotype specificity of ZIKV-specific Abs in immune sera and supernatants from stimulated immune PBMC and found that Abs against ZIKV NS1 and virus-like particles were predominantly of the IgG1 isotype. Using a recently developed FluoroSpot assay, we found robust frequencies of NS1-specific Ab-secreting cells in PBMC of individuals who were naturally infected with ZIKV. We developed assays to measure both natural killer cell activation by flow cytometry and target cell lysis of ZIKV NS1-expressing cells using an image cytometry assay in the presence of ZIKV NS1 Abs. Our data indicate efficient opsonization of ZIKV NS1-expressing CEM-NKR cell lines using ZIKV-immune but not ZIKV-naïve sera, a prerequisite of ADCC. Furthermore, sera from immune donors were able to induce both NK cell degranulation and lysis of ZIKV NS1 CEM-NKR cells in vitro. Our data suggest that ADCC is a possible mechanism for ZIKV NS1 Abs to eliminate virally infected target cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Sanchez Vargas
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute for Immunology and Informatics, University of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Awadalkareem Adam
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute for Immunology and Informatics, University of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Mary Masterson
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Madison Smith
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute for Immunology and Informatics, University of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Zoe L Lyski
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | | | - William B Messer
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Program in Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Currier
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Anuja Mathew
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute for Immunology and Informatics, University of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, USA
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Keeler SP, Fox JM. Requirement of Fc-Fc Gamma Receptor Interaction for Antibody-Based Protection against Emerging Virus Infections. Viruses 2021; 13:v13061037. [PMID: 34072720 PMCID: PMC8226613 DOI: 10.3390/v13061037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of therapeutics against emerging and re-emerging viruses remains a continued priority that is only reinforced by the recent SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Advances in monoclonal antibody (mAb) isolation, characterization, and production make it a viable option for rapid treatment development. While mAbs are traditionally screened and selected based on potency of neutralization in vitro, it is clear that additional factors contribute to the in vivo efficacy of a mAb beyond viral neutralization. These factors include interactions with Fc receptors (FcRs) and complement that can enhance neutralization, clearance of infected cells, opsonization of virions, and modulation of the innate and adaptive immune response. In this review, we discuss recent studies, primarily using mouse models, that identified a role for Fc-FcγR interactions for optimal antibody-based protection against emerging and re-emerging virus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamus P. Keeler
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA;
| | - Julie M. Fox
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Correspondence:
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27
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Wan J, Wang T, Xu J, Ouyang T, Wang Q, Zhang Y, Weng S, Li Y, Wang Y, Xin X, Wang X, Li S, Kong L. Novel Japanese encephalitis virus NS1-based vaccine: Truncated NS1 fused with E. coli heat labile enterotoxin B subunit. EBioMedicine 2021; 67:103353. [PMID: 33971403 PMCID: PMC8122160 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current vaccines against Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) of flaviviruses have some disadvantages, such as the risk of virulent reversion. Non-structural protein NS1 is conserved among flaviviruses and confers immune protection without the risk of antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE). Therefore, NS1 has become a promising vaccine candidate against flaviviruses. METHODS A NS1-based vaccine (LTB-NS1∆63) with a truncated NS1 protein (NS1∆63) fused to E. coli heat-labile enterotoxin B subunit (LTB) was expressed in E.coli and explored for its ability to induce immune responses. Safety of LTB-NS1∆63 was assessed by determining its toxicity in vitro and in vivo. Protective capability of LTB-NS1∆63 and its-induced antisera was evaluated in the mice challenged with JEV by analyzing mortality and morbidity. FINDINGS LTB-NS1∆63 induced immune responses to a similar level as LTB-NS1, but more robust than NS1∆63 alone, particularly in the context of oral immunization of mice. Oral vaccination of LTB-NS1∆63 led to a higher survival rate than that of NS1∆63 or live-attenuated JEV vaccine SA14-14-2 in the mice receiving lethal JEV challenge. LTB-NS1∆63 protein also significantly decreases the morbidity of JEV-infected mice. In addition, passive transfer of LTB-NS1∆63-induced antisera provides a protection against JEV infection in mice. INTERPRETATION NS1∆63 bears JEV NS1 antigenicity. Besides, LTB-NS1∆63 could serve as a novel protein-based mucosa vaccine targeting JEV and other flaviviruses. FUNDING This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation, Jiangxi Province Science and Technology Committee, Education Department of Jiangxi Province.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawu Wan
- Institute of Pathogenic Microorganism and College of Bioscience and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Institute of Pathogenic Microorganism and College of Bioscience and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Institute of Pathogenic Microorganism and College of Bioscience and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Tao Ouyang
- Institute of Pathogenic Microorganism and College of Bioscience and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qianruo Wang
- Institute of Pathogenic Microorganism and College of Bioscience and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yanni Zhang
- Jiangxi Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shiqi Weng
- Institute of Pathogenic Microorganism and College of Bioscience and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yihan Li
- Institute of Pathogenic Microorganism and College of Bioscience and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Pathogenic Microorganism and College of Bioscience and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiu Xin
- Institute of Pathogenic Microorganism and College of Bioscience and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- Institute of Pathogenic Microorganism and College of Bioscience and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Sha Li
- Institute of Pathogenic Microorganism and College of Bioscience and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Lingbao Kong
- Institute of Pathogenic Microorganism and College of Bioscience and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
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Imran S, Ahmadi S, Kerman K. Electrochemical Biosensors for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 and Other Viruses. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:174. [PMID: 33578979 PMCID: PMC7916687 DOI: 10.3390/mi12020174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The last few decades have been plagued by viral outbreaks that present some of the biggest challenges to public safety. The current coronavirus (COVID-19) disease pandemic has exponentiated these concerns. Increased research on diagnostic tools is currently being implemented in order to assist with rapid identification of the virus, as mass diagnosis and containment is the best way to prevent the outbreak of the virus. Accordingly, there is a growing urgency to establish a point-of-care device for the rapid detection of coronavirus to prevent subsequent spread. This device needs to be sensitive, selective, and exhibit rapid diagnostic capabilities. Electrochemical biosensors have demonstrated these traits and, hence, serve as promising candidates for the detection of viruses. This review summarizes the designs and features of electrochemical biosensors developed for some past and current pandemic or epidemic viruses, including influenza, HIV, Ebola, and Zika. Alongside the design, this review also discusses the detection principles, fabrication techniques, and applications of the biosensors. Finally, research and perspective of biosensors as potential detection tools for the rapid identification of SARS-CoV-2 is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saim Imran
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada; (S.I.); (S.A.)
| | - Soha Ahmadi
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada; (S.I.); (S.A.)
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Kagan Kerman
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada; (S.I.); (S.A.)
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29
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Byrne AB, Talarico LB. Role of the complement system in antibody-dependent enhancement of flavivirus infections. Int J Infect Dis 2020; 103:404-411. [PMID: 33352325 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavivirus infections have increased dramatically in the last decades in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Antibody-dependent enhancement of dengue virus infections has been one of the main hypotheses to explain severity of disease and one of the major challenges to safe and effective vaccine development. In the presence of cross-reactive sub-neutralizing concentrations of anti-dengue antibodies, immune complexes can amplify viral infection in mononuclear phagocytic cells, triggering a cytokine cascade and activating the complement system that leads to severe disease. The complement system comprises a family of plasma and cellular surface proteins that recognize pathogen associated molecular patterns, modified ligands and immune complexes, interacting in a regulated manner and forming an enzymatic cascade. Pathogenic as well as protective effects of complement have been reported in flavivirus infections. This review provides updated knowledge on complement activation during flavivirus infection, including antiviral effects of complement and its regulation, as well as mechanisms of complement evasion and dysregulation of complement activity during viral infection leading to pathogenesis. Particularly, insights into classical pathway activation and its protective role on antibody-dependent enhancement of flavivirus infections are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alana B Byrne
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Infectológicas y Biología Molecular, Unidad de Infectología, Departamento de Medicina, Hospital de Niños Dr. Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires 1425, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires 1425, Argentina.
| | - Laura B Talarico
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Infectológicas y Biología Molecular, Unidad de Infectología, Departamento de Medicina, Hospital de Niños Dr. Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires 1425, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires 1425, Argentina.
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30
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Pereira LR, Alves RPDS, Sales NS, Andreata-Santos R, Venceslau-Carvalho AA, Pereira SS, Castro-Amarante MF, Rodrigues-Jesus MJ, Favaro MTDP, Chura-Chambi RM, Morganti L, Ferreira LCDS. Enhanced Immune Responses and Protective Immunity to Zika Virus Induced by a DNA Vaccine Encoding a Chimeric NS1 Fused With Type 1 Herpes Virus gD Protein. FRONTIERS IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 2020; 2:604160. [PMID: 35047887 PMCID: PMC8757838 DOI: 10.3389/fmedt.2020.604160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a globally-distributed flavivirus transmitted to humans by Aedes mosquitoes, usually causing mild symptoms that may evolve to severe conditions, including neurological alterations, such as neonatal microcephaly and Guillain-Barré syndrome. Due to the absence of specific and effective preventive methods, we designed a new subunit vaccine based on a DNA vector (pgDNS1-ZIKV) encoding the non-structural protein 1 (NS1) genetically fused to the Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) glycoprotein D (gD) protein. Recombinant plasmids were replicated in Escherichia coli and the expression of the target protein was confirmed in transfected HEK293 cells. C57BL/6 and AB6 (IFNAR1-/-) mice were i.m. immunized by electroporation in order to evaluate pgDNS1-ZIKV immunogenicity. After two doses, high NS1-specific IgG antibody titers were measured in serum samples collected from pgDNS1-ZIKV-immunized mice. The NS1-specific antibodies were capable to bind the native protein expressed in infected mammalian cells. Immunization with pgDNS1-ZIKV increased both humoral and cellular immune responses regarding mice immunized with a ZIKV NS1 encoding vaccine. Immunization with pgDNS1-ZIKV reduced viremia and morbidity scores leading to enhanced survival of immunodeficient AB6 mice challenged with a lethal virus load. These results give support to the use of ZIKV NS1 as a target antigen and further demonstrate the relevant adjuvant effects of HSV-1 gD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennon Ramos Pereira
- Laboratory of Vaccine Development, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rúbens Prince dos Santos Alves
- Laboratory of Vaccine Development, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natiely Silva Sales
- Laboratory of Vaccine Development, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Robert Andreata-Santos
- Laboratory of Vaccine Development, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aléxia Adrianne Venceslau-Carvalho
- Laboratory of Vaccine Development, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Samuel Santos Pereira
- Laboratory of Vaccine Development, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Fernanda Castro-Amarante
- Laboratory of Vaccine Development, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mônica Josiane Rodrigues-Jesus
- Laboratory of Vaccine Development, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marianna Teixeira de Pinho Favaro
- Laboratory of Vaccine Development, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ligia Morganti
- Biotechnology Center, Institute of Energy and Nuclear Research (IPEN), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luís Carlos de Souza Ferreira
- Laboratory of Vaccine Development, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,*Correspondence: Luís Carlos de Souza Ferreira
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Zhan Y, Pang Z, Du Y, Wang W, Yang Y, Wang W, Gao GF, Huang B, Deng Y, Tan W. NS1-based DNA vaccination confers mouse protective immunity against ZIKV challenge. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2020; 85:104521. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Divergent Mutational Landscapes of Consensus and Minority Genotypes of West Nile Virus Demonstrate Host and Gene-Specific Evolutionary Pressures. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11111299. [PMID: 33143358 PMCID: PMC7692055 DOI: 10.3390/genes11111299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Our current understanding of the natural evolution of RNA viruses comes largely from consensus level genetic analyses which ignore the diverse mutant swarms that comprise within-host viral populations. The breadth and composition of viral mutant swarms impact viral fitness and adaptation, and the capacity for swarm plasticity is likely to be particularly important for arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) that cycle between taxonomically divergent hosts. Despite this, characterization of the relationship between the selective pressures and genetic signatures of the mutant swarm and consensus sequences is lacking. To clarify this, we analyzed previously generated whole genome, deep-sequencing data from 548 West Nile virus samples isolated from avian tissues or mosquitoes in New York State from 1999-2018. Both consensus level (interhost) and minority level (intrahost) nucleotide and amino acid sequences were analyzed, and diversity at each position was calculated across the genome in order to assess the relationship between minority and consensus sequences for individual genes and hosts. Our results indicate that consensus sequences are an inept representation of the overall genetic diversity. Unique host and gene-specific signatures and selective pressures were identified. These data demonstrate that an accurate and comprehensive understanding of arbovirus evolution and adaptation within and between hosts requires consideration of minority genotypes.
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Cappello F, Marino Gammazza A, Dieli F, Conway de Macario E, Macario AJL. Does SARS-CoV-2 Trigger Stress-InducedAutoimmunity by Molecular Mimicry? A Hypothesis. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9072038. [PMID: 32610587 PMCID: PMC7408943 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9072038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses can generate molecular mimicry phenomena within their hosts. Why should severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) not be considered one of these? Information in this short review suggests that it might be so and, thus, encourages research aiming at testing this possibility. We propose, as a working hypothesis, that the virus induces antibodies and that some of them crossreact with host’s antigens, thus eliciting autoimmune phenomena with devasting consequences in various tissues and organs. If confirmed, by in vitro and in vivo tests, this could drive researchers to find effective treatments against the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Cappello
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.M.G.); (F.D.)
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90141 Palermo, Italy;
- Correspondence: (F.C.); (A.J.L.M.)
| | - Antonella Marino Gammazza
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.M.G.); (F.D.)
| | - Francesco Dieli
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.M.G.); (F.D.)
| | - Everly Conway de Macario
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90141 Palermo, Italy;
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore-Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology (IMET), Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
| | - Alberto JL Macario
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90141 Palermo, Italy;
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore-Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology (IMET), Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
- Correspondence: (F.C.); (A.J.L.M.)
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Pierson TC, Diamond MS. The continued threat of emerging flaviviruses. Nat Microbiol 2020; 5:796-812. [PMID: 32367055 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-020-0714-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 508] [Impact Index Per Article: 127.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Flaviviruses are vector-borne RNA viruses that can emerge unexpectedly in human populations and cause a spectrum of potentially severe diseases including hepatitis, vascular shock syndrome, encephalitis, acute flaccid paralysis, congenital abnormalities and fetal death. This epidemiological pattern has occurred numerous times during the last 70 years, including epidemics of dengue virus and West Nile virus, and the most recent explosive epidemic of Zika virus in the Americas. Flaviviruses are now globally distributed and infect up to 400 million people annually. Of significant concern, outbreaks of other less well-characterized flaviviruses have been reported in humans and animals in different regions of the world. The potential for these viruses to sustain epidemic transmission among humans is poorly understood. In this Review, we discuss the basic biology of flaviviruses, their infectious cycles, the diseases they cause and underlying host immune responses to infection. We describe flaviviruses that represent an established ongoing threat to global health and those that have recently emerged in new populations to cause significant disease. We also provide examples of lesser-known flaviviruses that circulate in restricted areas of the world but have the potential to emerge more broadly in human populations. Finally, we discuss how an understanding of the epidemiology, biology, structure and immunity of flaviviruses can inform the rapid development of countermeasures to treat or prevent human infections as they emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore C Pierson
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Departments of Medicine, Molecular Microbiology, Pathology & Immunology, Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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Choi JW, Eom HJ, Kim HY. Non-structural protein 1 from Japanese encephalitis virus expressed in E. coli retains its molecular weight and immunogenicity. Protein Expr Purif 2020; 169:105548. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2019.105548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Hurtado-Monzón AM, Cordero-Rivera CD, Farfan-Morales CN, Osuna-Ramos JF, De Jesús-González LA, Reyes-Ruiz JM, Del Ángel RM. The role of anti-flavivirus humoral immune response in protection and pathogenesis. Rev Med Virol 2020; 30:e2100. [PMID: 32101633 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Flavivirus infections are a public health threat in the world that requires the development of safe and effective vaccines. Therefore, the understanding of the anti-flavivirus humoral immune response is fundamental to future studies on flavivirus pathogenesis and the design of anti-flavivirus therapeutics. This review aims to provide an overview of the current understanding of the function and involvement of flavivirus proteins in the humoral immune response as well as the ability of the anti-envelope (anti-E) antibodies to interfere (neutralizing antibodies) or not (non-neutralizing antibodies) with viral infection, and how they can, in some circumstances enhance dengue virus infection on Fc gamma receptor (FcγR) bearing cells through a mechanism known as antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE). Thus, the dual role of the antibodies against E protein poses a formidable challenge for vaccine development. Also, we discuss the roles of antibody binding stoichiometry (the concentration, affinity, or epitope recognition) in the neutralization of flaviviruses and the "breathing" of flavivirus virions in the humoral immune response. Finally, the relevance of some specific antibodies in the design and improvement of effective vaccines is addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Mahely Hurtado-Monzón
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Carlos Daniel Cordero-Rivera
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Carlos Noe Farfan-Morales
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Juan Fidel Osuna-Ramos
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Luis Adrián De Jesús-González
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - José Manuel Reyes-Ruiz
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Rosa María Del Ángel
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
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Humanized Mice in Dengue Research: A Comparison with Other Mouse Models. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8010039. [PMID: 31979145 PMCID: PMC7157640 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is an arbovirus of the Flaviviridae family and is an enveloped virion containing a positive sense single-stranded RNA genome. DENV causes dengue fever (DF) which is characterized by an undifferentiated syndrome accompanied by fever, fatigue, dizziness, muscle aches, and in severe cases, patients can deteriorate and develop life-threatening vascular leakage, bleeding, and multi-organ failure. DF is the most prevalent mosquito-borne disease affecting more than 390 million people per year with a mortality rate close to 1% in the general population but especially high among children. There is no specific treatment and there is only one licensed vaccine with restricted application. Clinical and experimental evidence advocate the role of the humoral and T-cell responses in protection against DF, as well as a role in the disease pathogenesis. A lot of pro-inflammatory factors induced during the infectious process are involved in increased severity in dengue disease. The advances in DF research have been hampered by the lack of an animal model that recreates all the characteristics of this disease. Experiments in nonhuman primates (NHP) had failed to reproduce all clinical signs of DF disease and during the past decade, humanized mouse models have demonstrated several benefits in the study of viral diseases affecting humans. In DENV studies, some of these models recapitulate specific signs of disease that are useful to test drugs or vaccine candidates. However, there is still a need for a more complete model mimicking the full spectrum of DENV. This review focuses on describing the advances in this area of research.
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