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Khlidj Y, Haireche MA. Schizophrenia as autoimmune disease: Involvement of Anti-NCAM antibodies. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 161:333-341. [PMID: 37001338 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the etiopathogenesis of schizophrenia has always been an unsolved puzzle for modern medicine. This seems to be due to both disease complexity and lack of sufficient knowledge regarding the biological and non-biological anomalies that exhibit schizophrenia subjects. However, dysregulated immunity is a commonly identified feature in affected individuals. Thus, recently, a hallmark study showed causality relationship between anti-NCAM antibodies and schizophrenia-related behaviors in mice. NCAM plays crucial role in neurodevelopment during early life and neuroplasticity against different stressors during adulthood, and its dysfunction in schizophrenia is increasingly proven. The present review provides the main evidence that support the contribution of autoimmunity and NCAM abnormalities in the development of schizophrenia. Furthermore, it introduces five hypotheses that may explain the mechanism by which anti-NCAM antibodies are produced in the context of schizophrenia: (i) molecular mimicry, (ii) gut dysbiosis, (iii) viral infection, (iv) exposure to environmental pollutants, (v) and NCAM production anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehya Khlidj
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Algiers 1, Algeria.
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2
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Müller-Miny L, Thiel K, Meinert S, Hahn T, Kircher T, Nenadić I, Krug A, Hufschmidt F, Liao H, Neumann H, Dannlowski U, Lünemann JD. Association of polysialic acid serum levels with schizophrenia spectrum and bipolar disorder-related structural brain changes and hospitalization. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2085. [PMID: 36747002 PMCID: PMC9902615 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29242-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Expression of polysialic acid (polySia) in the adult brain is enriched in areas of continuous neurogenesis and plasticity such as the hippocampus. Genome-wide association studies identified variants of glycosylation enzyme-encoding genes, required for the generation of polySia, to be associated with the development of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Here, we report that serum levels of polySia are increased in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder compared to patients with major depressive disorders or demographically matched healthy controls. Furthermore, elevated polySia serum levels are associated with structural hippocampal gray matter decline in schizophrenia spectrum and bipolar disorder. In patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder, polySia serum levels correlate with the number, duration of disease-related hospitalizations, early retirement and medical leave as estimators of detrimental long-term disease trajectories. Our data show that polySia serum levels are linked to structural hippocampal brain changes in schizophrenia spectrum and bipolar disorders, and suggest a contribution of polySia to the pathophysiology of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa Müller-Miny
- Department of Neurology With Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Katharina Thiel
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Susanne Meinert
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Tim Hahn
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Tilo Kircher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Marburg Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (MCMBB), Marburg, Germany
| | - Igor Nenadić
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Marburg Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (MCMBB), Marburg, Germany
| | - Axel Krug
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Marburg Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (MCMBB), Marburg, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Felix Hufschmidt
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Huan Liao
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Harald Neumann
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jan D Lünemann
- Department of Neurology With Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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3
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Wielgat P, Narejko K, Car H. SARS-CoV-2 Attacks in the Brain: Focus on the Sialome. Cells 2022; 11:1458. [PMID: 35563764 PMCID: PMC9104523 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidemiological observations suggest that respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms caused by severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are accompanied by short- and long-term neurological manifestations. There is increasing evidence that the neuroinvasive potential of SARS-CoV-2 is closely related to its capacity to interact with cell membrane sialome. Given the wide expression of sialylated compounds of cell membranes in the brain, the interplay between cell membrane sialoglycans and the virus is crucial for its attachment and cell entry, transport, neuronal damage and brain immunity. Here, we focus on the significance of the brain sialome in the progress of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and SARS-CoV-2-induced neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemyslaw Wielgat
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15A, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland; (K.N.); (H.C.)
| | - Karolina Narejko
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15A, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland; (K.N.); (H.C.)
| | - Halina Car
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15A, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland; (K.N.); (H.C.)
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Szpitalna 37, 15-265 Bialystok, Poland
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4
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Hayakawa T, Terahara M, Fujito NT, Matsunaga T, Teshima KM, Hane M, Kitajima K, Sato C, Takahata N, Satta Y. Lower promoter activity of the ST8SIA2 gene has been favored in evolving human collective brains. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259897. [PMID: 34914745 PMCID: PMC8675693 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
ST8SIA2 is an important molecule regulating expression of the phenotype involved in schizophrenia. Lowered promoter activity of the ST8SIA2 gene is considered to be protective against schizophrenia by conferring tolerance to psychosocial stress. Here, we examined the promoter-type composition of anatomically modern humans (AMHs) and archaic humans (AHs; Neanderthals and Denisovans), and compared the promoter activity at the population level (population promoter activity; PPA) between them. In AMHs, the TCT-type, showing the second lowest promoter activity, was most prevalent in the ancestral population of non-Africans. However, the detection of only the CGT-type from AH samples and recombination tracts in AH sequences showed that the CGT- and TGT-types, exhibiting the two highest promoter activities, were common in AH populations. Furthermore, interspecies gene flow occurred into AMHs from AHs and into Denisovans from Neanderthals, influencing promoter-type compositions independently in both AMHs and AHs. The difference of promoter-type composition makes PPA unique in each population. East and Southeast Asian populations show the lowest PPA. This results from the selective increase of the CGC-type, showing the lowest promoter activity, in these populations. Every non-African population shows significantly lower PPA than African populations, resulting from the TCT-type having the highest prevalence in the ancestral population of non-Africans. In addition, PPA reduction is also found among subpopulations within Africa via a slight increase of the TCT-type. These findings indicate a trend toward lower PPA in the spread of AMHs, interpreted as a continuous adaptation to psychosocial stress arising in migration. This trend is considered as genetic tuning for the evolution of collective brains. The inferred promoter-type composition of AHs differed markedly from that of AMHs, resulting in higher PPA in AHs than in AMHs. This suggests that the trend toward lower PPA is a unique feature in AMH spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Hayakawa
- Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Masahiro Terahara
- Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Naoko T. Fujito
- School of Advanced Sciences, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Hayama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takumi Matsunaga
- Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Masaya Hane
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ken Kitajima
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Chihiro Sato
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Takahata
- School of Advanced Sciences, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Hayama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoko Satta
- School of Advanced Sciences, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Hayama, Kanagawa, Japan
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5
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Spatiotemporal processing of neural cell adhesion molecules 1 and 2 by BACE1 in vivo. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100372. [PMID: 33548223 PMCID: PMC7949136 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural cell adhesion molecules 1 (NCAM1) and 2 (NCAM2) belong to the cell adhesion molecules of the immunoglobulin superfamily and have been shown to regulate formation, maturation, and maintenance of synapses. NCAM1 and NCAM2 undergo proteolysis, but the identity of all the proteases involved and how proteolysis is used to regulate their functions are not known. We report here that NCAM1 and NCAM2 are BACE1 substrates in vivo. NCAM1 and NCAM2 overexpressed in HEK cells were both cleaved by metalloproteinases or BACE1, and NCAM2 was also processed by γ-secretase. We identified the BACE1 cleavage site of NCAM1 (at Glu 671) and NCAM2 (at Glu 663) using mass spectrometry and site-directed mutagenesis. Next, we assessed BACE1-mediated processing of NCAM1 and NCAM2 in the mouse brain during aging. NCAM1 and NCAM2 were cleaved in the olfactory bulb of BACE1+/+ but not BACE1−/− mice at postnatal day 10 (P10), 4 and 12 months of age. In the hippocampus, a BACE1-specific soluble fragment of NCAM1 (sNCAM1β) was only detected at P10. However, we observed an accumulation of full-length NCAM1 in hippocampal synaptosomes in 4-month-old BACE1−/− mice. We also found that polysialylated NCAM1 (PSA-NCAM1) levels were increased in BACE1−/− mice at P10 and demonstrated that BACE1 cleaves both NCAM1 and PSA-NCAM1 in vitro. In contrast, we did not find evidence for BACE1-dependent NCAM2 processing in the hippocampus at any age analyzed. In summary, our data demonstrate that BACE1 differentially processes NCAM1 and NCAM2 depending on the region of brain, subcellular localization, and age in vivo.
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6
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Polysialylation and disease. Mol Aspects Med 2020; 79:100892. [PMID: 32863045 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2020.100892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Polysialic acid (polySia, PSA) is a unique constituent of the glycocalyx on the surface of bacterial and vertebrate cells. In vertebrates, its biosynthesis is highly regulated, not only in quantity and quality, but also in time and location, which allows polySia to be involved in various important biological phenomena. Therefore, impairments in the expression and structure of polySia sometimes relate to diseases, such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and cancer. Some bacteria express polySia as a tool for protecting themselves from the host immune system during invasion. PolySia is proven to be a biosafe material; polySia, as well as polySia-recognizing molecules, are key therapeutic agents. This review first comprehensive outlines the occurrence, features, biosynthesis, and functions of polySia and subsequently focuses on the related diseases.
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7
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Hane M, Chen DY, Varki A. Human-specific microglial Siglec-11 transcript variant has the potential to affect polysialic acid-mediated brain functions at a distance. Glycobiology 2020; 31:231-242. [PMID: 32845322 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwaa082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
CD33-related Siglecs are often found on innate immune cells and modulate their reactivity by recognition of sialic acid-based "self-associated molecular patterns" and signaling via intracellular tyrosine-based cytosolic motifs. Previous studies have shown that Siglec-11 specifically binds to the brain-enriched polysialic acid (polySia/PSA) and that its microglial expression in the brain is unique to humans. Furthermore, human microglial Siglec-11 exists as an alternate splice form missing the exon encoding the last (fifth) Ig-like C2-set domain of the extracellular portion of the protein, but little is known about the functional consequences of this variation. Here, we report that the recombinant soluble human microglial form of Siglec-11 (hSiglec-11(4D)-Fc) binds endogenous and immobilized polySia better than the tissue macrophage form (hSiglec-11(5D)-Fc) or the chimpanzee form (cSiglec-11(5D)-Fc). The Siglec-11 protein is also prone to aggregation, potentially influencing its ligand-binding ability. Additionally, Siglec-11 protein can be secreted in both intact and proteolytically cleaved forms. The microglial splice variant has reduced proteolytic release and enhanced incorporation into exosomes, a process that appears to be regulated by palmitoylation of cysteines in the cytosolic tail. Taken together, these data demonstrate that human brain specific microglial hSiglec-11(4D) has different molecular properties and can be released on exosomes and/or as proteolytic products, with the potential to affect polySia-mediated brain functions at a distance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Hane
- Departments of Medicine and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny, Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Dillon Y Chen
- Departments of Medicine and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny, Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ajit Varki
- Departments of Medicine and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny, Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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8
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Mori A, Yang Y, Takahashi Y, Hane M, Kitajima K, Sato C. Combinational Analyses with Multiple Methods Reveal the Existence of Several Forms of Polysialylated Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule in Mouse Developing Brains. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165892. [PMID: 32824359 PMCID: PMC7460633 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Polysialic acid (polySia/PSA) is an anionic glycan polymer of sialic acid, and it mostly modifies the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) in mammalian brains. Quality and quantity of the polySia of the polySia-NCAM is spatio-temporally regulated in normal brain development and functions, and their impairments are reported to be related to diseases, such as psychiatric disorders and cancers. Therefore, precise understanding of the state of polySia-NCAM structure would lead to the diagnosis of diseases for which their suitable evaluation methods are necessary. In this study, to develop these evaluation methods, structures of polySia-NCAM from mouse brains at six different developmental stages were analyzed by several conventional and newly developed methods. Integrated results of these experiments clearly demonstrated the existence of different types of polySia-NCAMs in developing brains. In addition, combinational analyses were shown to be useful for precise understanding of the quantity and quality of polySia, which can provide criteria for the diagnosis of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Airi Mori
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; (A.M.); (Y.Y.); (Y.T.); (M.H.); (K.K.)
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yi Yang
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; (A.M.); (Y.Y.); (Y.T.); (M.H.); (K.K.)
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yuka Takahashi
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; (A.M.); (Y.Y.); (Y.T.); (M.H.); (K.K.)
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Masaya Hane
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; (A.M.); (Y.Y.); (Y.T.); (M.H.); (K.K.)
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
- Institute for Glyco-Core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Ken Kitajima
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; (A.M.); (Y.Y.); (Y.T.); (M.H.); (K.K.)
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
- Institute for Glyco-Core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Chihiro Sato
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; (A.M.); (Y.Y.); (Y.T.); (M.H.); (K.K.)
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
- Institute for Glyco-Core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-52-789-4129
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9
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Puigdellívol M, Allendorf DH, Brown GC. Sialylation and Galectin-3 in Microglia-Mediated Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:162. [PMID: 32581723 PMCID: PMC7296093 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia are brain macrophages that mediate neuroinflammation and contribute to and protect against neurodegeneration. The terminal sugar residue of all glycoproteins and glycolipids on the surface of mammalian cells is normally sialic acid, and addition of this negatively charged residue is known as “sialylation,” whereas removal by sialidases is known as “desialylation.” High sialylation of the neuronal cell surface inhibits microglial phagocytosis of such neurons, via: (i) activating sialic acid receptors (Siglecs) on microglia that inhibit phagocytosis and (ii) inhibiting binding of opsonins C1q, C3, and galectin-3. Microglial sialylation inhibits inflammatory activation of microglia via: (i) activating Siglec receptors CD22 and CD33 on microglia that inhibit phagocytosis and (ii) inhibiting Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), complement receptor 3 (CR3), and other microglial receptors. When activated, microglia release a sialidase activity that desialylates both microglia and neurons, activating the microglia and rendering the neurons susceptible to phagocytosis. Activated microglia also release galectin-3 (Gal-3), which: (i) further activates microglia via binding to TLR4 and TREM2, (ii) binds to desialylated neurons opsonizing them for phagocytosis via Mer tyrosine kinase, and (iii) promotes Aβ aggregation and toxicity in vivo. Gal-3 and desialylation may increase in a variety of brain pathologies. Thus, Gal-3 and sialidases are potential treatment targets to prevent neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mar Puigdellívol
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David H Allendorf
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Guy C Brown
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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10
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Kang T, Boland BB, Jensen P, Alarcon C, Nawrocki A, Grimsby JS, Rhodes CJ, Larsen MR. Characterization of Signaling Pathways Associated with Pancreatic β-cell Adaptive Flexibility in Compensation of Obesity-linked Diabetes in db/db Mice. Mol Cell Proteomics 2020; 19:971-993. [PMID: 32265294 PMCID: PMC7261816 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra119.001882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The onset of obesity-linked type 2 diabetes (T2D) is marked by an eventual failure in pancreatic β-cell function and mass that is no longer able to compensate for the inherent insulin resistance and increased metabolic load intrinsic to obesity. However, in a commonly used model of T2D, the db/db mouse, β-cells have an inbuilt adaptive flexibility enabling them to effectively adjust insulin production rates relative to the metabolic demand. Pancreatic β-cells from these animals have markedly reduced intracellular insulin stores, yet high rates of (pro)insulin secretion, together with a substantial increase in proinsulin biosynthesis highlighted by expanded rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. However, when the metabolic overload and/or hyperglycemia is normalized, β-cells from db/db mice quickly restore their insulin stores and normalize secretory function. This demonstrates the β-cell's adaptive flexibility and indicates that therapeutic approaches applied to encourage β-cell rest are capable of restoring endogenous β-cell function. However, mechanisms that regulate β-cell adaptive flexibility are essentially unknown. To gain deeper mechanistic insight into the molecular events underlying β-cell adaptive flexibility in db/db β-cells, we conducted a combined proteomic and post-translational modification specific proteomic (PTMomics) approach on islets from db/db mice and wild-type controls (WT) with or without prior exposure to normal glucose levels. We identified differential modifications of proteins involved in redox homeostasis, protein refolding, K48-linked deubiquitination, mRNA/protein export, focal adhesion, ERK1/2 signaling, and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone signaling, as well as sialyltransferase activity, associated with β-cell adaptive flexibility. These proteins are all related to proinsulin biosynthesis and processing, maturation of insulin secretory granules, and vesicular trafficking-core pathways involved in the adaptation of insulin production to meet metabolic demand. Collectively, this study outlines a novel and comprehensive global PTMome signaling map that highlights important molecular mechanisms related to the adaptive flexibility of β-cell function, providing improved insight into disease pathogenesis of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taewook Kang
- Protein research group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark; The Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense, Denmark
| | - Brandon B Boland
- The Kovler Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637; Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Disease, BioPharmaceuticals Research and Development, AstraZeneca Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878
| | - Pia Jensen
- Protein research group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Cristina Alarcon
- The Kovler Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Arkadiusz Nawrocki
- Protein research group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Joseph S Grimsby
- Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Disease, BioPharmaceuticals Research and Development, AstraZeneca Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878
| | - Christopher J Rhodes
- The Kovler Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637; Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Disease, BioPharmaceuticals Research and Development, AstraZeneca Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878
| | - Martin R Larsen
- Protein research group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark.
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11
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Shastry DG, Irudayanathan FJ, Williams A, Koffas M, Linhardt RJ, Nangia S, Karande P. Rational identification and characterisation of peptide ligands for targeting polysialic acid. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7697. [PMID: 32376914 PMCID: PMC7203153 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64088-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The alpha-2,8-linked form of the polysaccharide polysialic acid (PSA) has widespread implications in physiological and pathological processes, ranging from neurological development to disease progression. Though the high electronegativity and excluded volume of PSA often promotes interference of biomolecular interactions, PSA-binding ligands have important implications for both biological processes and biotechnological applications. As such, the design, identification, and characterisation of novel ligands towards PSA is critical for expanding knowledge of PSA interactions and achieving selective glycan targeting. Here, we report on a rational approach for the identification of alpha-2,8-PSA-binding peptides, involving design from the endogenous ligand Siglec-11 and multi-platform characterisation of peptide binding. Microarray-based examination of peptides revealed charge and sequence characteristics influencing peptide affinity to PSA, and carbohydrate-peptide binding was further quantified with a novel fluorescence anisotropy assay. PSA-binding peptides exhibited specific binding to polymeric SA, as well as different degrees of selective binding in various conditions, including competition with PSA of alternating 2,8/9-linkages and screening with PSA-expressing cells. A computational study of Siglec-11 and Siglec-11-derived peptides offered synergistic insight into ligand binding. These results demonstrate the potential of PSA-binding peptides for selective targeting and highlight the importance of the approaches described herein for the study of carbohydrate interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya G Shastry
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA. .,Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.
| | | | - Asher Williams
- Howard P. Isermann Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Mattheos Koffas
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.,Howard P. Isermann Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.,Howard P. Isermann Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Shikha Nangia
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
| | - Pankaj Karande
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA. .,Howard P. Isermann Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.
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12
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Glycoproteomic measurement of site-specific polysialylation. Anal Biochem 2020; 596:113625. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2020.113625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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13
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Janesch B, Baumann L, Mark A, Thompson N, Rahmani S, Sim L, Withers SG, Wakarchuk WW. Directed evolution of bacterial polysialyltransferases. Glycobiology 2020; 29:588-598. [PMID: 30976781 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwz021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Polysialyltransferases (polySTs) are glycosyltransferases that synthesize polymers of sialic acid found in vertebrates and some bacterial pathogens. Bacterial polySTs have utility in the modification of therapeutic proteins to improve serum half-life, and the potential for tissue engineering. PolySTs are membrane-associated proteins and as recombinant proteins suffer from inherently low solubility, low expression levels and poor thermal stability. To improve their physicochemical and biochemical properties, we applied a directed evolution approach using a FACS-based ultrahigh-throughput assay as a simple, robust and reliable screening method. We were able to enrich a large mutant library and, in combination with plate-based high-throughput secondary screening, we discovered mutants with increased enzymatic activity and improved stability compared to the wildtype enzyme. This work presents a powerful strategy for the screening of directed evolution libraries of bacterial polySTs to identify better catalysts for in vitro polysialylation of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Janesch
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lars Baumann
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Michael Smith Laboratory, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Alison Mark
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nicole Thompson
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sadia Rahmani
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lyann Sim
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Michael Smith Laboratory, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Stephen G Withers
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Michael Smith Laboratory, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Warren W Wakarchuk
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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14
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Mulder RH, Walton E, Neumann A, Houtepen LC, Felix JF, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, Suderman M, Tiemeier H, van IJzendoorn MH, Relton CL, Cecil CAM. Epigenomics of being bullied: changes in DNA methylation following bullying exposure. Epigenetics 2020; 15:750-764. [PMID: 31992121 PMCID: PMC7574379 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2020.1719303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bullying among children is ubiquitous and associated with pervasive mental health problems. However, little is known about the biological pathways that change after exposure to bullying. Epigenome-wide changes in DNA methylation in peripheral blood were studied from pre- to post measurement of bullying exposure, in a longitudinal study of the population-based Generation R Study and Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (combined n = 1,352). Linear mixed-model results were meta-analysed to estimate how DNA methylation changed as a function of exposure to bullying. Sensitivity analyses including co-occurring child characteristics and risks were performed, as well as a Gene Ontology analysis. A candidate follow-up was employed for CpG (cytosine-phosphate-guanine) sites annotated to 5-HTT and NR3C1. One site, cg17312179, showed small changes in DNA methylation associated to bullying exposure (b = -2.67e-03, SE = 4.97e-04, p = 7.17e-08). This site is annotated to RAB14, an oncogene related to Golgi apparatus functioning, and its methylation levels decreased for exposed but increased for non-exposed. This result was consistent across sensitivity analyses. Enriched Gene Ontology pathways for differentially methylated sites included cardiac function and neurodevelopmental processes. Top CpG sites tended to have overall low levels of DNA methylation, decreasing in exposed, increasing in non-exposed individuals. There were no gene-wide corrected findings for 5-HTT and NR3C1. This is the first study to identify changes in DNA methylation associated with bullying exposure at the epigenome-wide significance level. Consistent with other population-based studies, we do not find evidence for strong associations between bullying exposure and DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa H Mulder
- Institute of Education and Child Studies, Leiden University , Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam , Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam , Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Walton
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol , Bristol, UK.,Department of Psychology, University of Bath , Bath, UK
| | - Alexander Neumann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam , Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam , Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital , Montreal, Qc, Canada
| | - Lotte C Houtepen
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol , Bristol, UK
| | - Janine F Felix
- Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam , Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam , Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam , Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Matthew Suderman
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol , Bristol, UK
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam , Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Social and Behavioral Science, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health , Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marinus H van IJzendoorn
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam , Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK
| | - Caroline L Relton
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol , Bristol, UK
| | - Charlotte A M Cecil
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam , Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam , Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry & Neuroscience, King's College London , London, UK
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15
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Abstract
Sialic acid (Sia) is involved in many biological activities and commonly occurs as a monosialyl residue at the nonreducing terminal end of glycoconjugates. The loss of activity of UDP-GlcNAc2-epimerase/ManNAc kinase, which is a key enzyme in Sia biosynthesis, is lethal to the embryo, which clearly indicates the importance of Sia in embryogenesis. Occasionally, oligo/polymeric Sia structures such as disialic acid (diSia), oligosialic acid (oligoSia), and polysialic acid (polySia) occur in glycoconjugates. In particular, polySia, a well-known epitope that commonly occurs in neuroinvasive bacteria and vertebrate brains, is one of the most well-known and biologically/neurologically important glycotopes in vertebrates. The biological effects of polySia, especially on neural cell-adhesion molecules, have been well studied, and in-depth knowledge regarding polySia has been accumulated. In addition, the importance of diSia and oligoSia epitopes has been reported. In this chapter, the recent advances in the study of diSia, oligoSia, and polySia residues in glycoproteins in neurology, and their history, definition, occurrence, analytical methods, biosynthesis, and biological functions evaluated by phenotypes of gene-targeted mice, biochemical features, and related diseases are described.
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16
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Fujito NT, Satta Y, Hane M, Matsui A, Yashima K, Kitajima K, Sato C, Takahata N, Hayakawa T. Positive selection on schizophrenia-associated ST8SIA2 gene in post-glacial Asia. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200278. [PMID: 30044798 PMCID: PMC6059407 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of loci are associated with highly heritable schizophrenia and the prevalence of this mental illness has had considerable negative fitness effects on human populations. Here we focused on one particular schizophrenia-associated gene that encodes a sialyltransferase (ST8SIA2) and is expressed preferentially in the brain with the level being largely determined by three SNPs in the promoter region. It is suggested that the expression level of the ST8SIA2 gene is a genetic determinant of schizophrenia risk, and we found that a geographically differentiated non-risk SNP type (CGC-type) has significantly reduced promoter activity. A newly developed method for detecting ongoing positive selection was applied to the ST8SIA2 genomic region with the identification of an unambiguous sweep signal in a rather restricted region of 18 kb length surrounding the promoter. We also found that while the CGC-type emerged in anatomically modern humans in Africa over 100 thousand years ago, it has increased its frequency in Asia only during the past 20-30 thousand years. These findings support that the positive selection is driven by psychosocial stress due to changing social environments since around the last glacial maximum, and raise a possibility that schizophrenia extensively emerged during the Upper Paleolithic and Neolithic era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko T. Fujito
- School of Advanced Sciences, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Hayama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoko Satta
- School of Advanced Sciences, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Hayama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masaya Hane
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Atsushi Matsui
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kenta Yashima
- School of Advanced Sciences, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Hayama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ken Kitajima
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Chihiro Sato
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Takahata
- School of Advanced Sciences, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Hayama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Hayakawa
- Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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17
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Majcher-Maślanka I, Solarz A, Wędzony K, Chocyk A. Previous Early-life Stress Modifies Acute Corticosterone-induced Synaptic Plasticity in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex of Adolescent Rats. Neuroscience 2018; 379:316-333. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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18
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Fullerton JM, Klauser P, Lenroot RK, Shaw AD, Overs B, Heath A, Cairns MJ, Atkins J, Scott R, Schofield PR, Weickert CS, Pantelis C, Fornito A, Whitford TJ, Weickert TW, Zalesky A. Differential effect of disease-associated ST8SIA2 haplotype on cerebral white matter diffusion properties in schizophrenia and healthy controls. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:21. [PMID: 29353880 PMCID: PMC5802561 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-017-0052-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain white matter abnormalities are evident in individuals with schizophrenia, and also their first-degree relatives, suggesting that some alterations may relate to underlying genetic risk. The ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase 2 (ST8SIA2) gene, which encodes the alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase 8B enzyme that aids neuronal migration and synaptic plasticity, was previously implicated as a schizophrenia susceptibility gene. This study examined the extent to which specific haplotypes in ST8SIA2 influence white matter microstructure using diffusion-weighted imaging of individuals with schizophrenia (n = 281) and healthy controls (n = 172), recruited across five Australian sites. Interactions between diagnostic status and the number of haplotype copies (0 or ≥1) were tested across all white matter voxels with cluster-based statistics. Fractional anisotropy (FA) in the right parietal lobe was found to show a significant interaction between diagnosis and ST8SIA2 protective haplotype (p < 0.05, family-wise error rate (FWER) cluster-corrected). The protective haplotype was associated with increased FA in controls, but this effect was reversed in people with schizophrenia. White matter fiber tracking revealed that the region-of-interest was traversed by portions of the superior longitudinal fasciculus, corona radiata, and posterior limb of internal capsule. Post hoc analysis revealed that reduced FA in this regional juncture correlated with reduced IQ in people with schizophrenia. The ST8SIA2 risk haplotype copy number did not show any differential effects on white matter. This study provides a link between a common disease-associated haplotype and specific changes in white matter microstructure, which may relate to resilience or risk for mental illness, providing further compelling evidence for involvement of ST8SIA2 in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice M. Fullerton
- 0000 0000 8900 8842grid.250407.4Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, Sydney, NSW Australia ,0000 0004 4902 0432grid.1005.4School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW Australia ,0000 0000 8696 2171grid.419558.4Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Paul Klauser
- 0000 0004 1936 7857grid.1002.3Brain and Mental Health Laboratory, Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, VIC Australia ,0000 0001 2179 088Xgrid.1008.9Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, VIC Australia
| | - Rhoshel K. Lenroot
- 0000 0000 8900 8842grid.250407.4Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, Sydney, NSW Australia ,0000 0000 8696 2171grid.419558.4Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, NSW Australia ,0000 0004 4902 0432grid.1005.4School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Alex D. Shaw
- 0000 0000 8900 8842grid.250407.4Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, Sydney, NSW Australia ,0000 0000 8696 2171grid.419558.4Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Bronwyn Overs
- 0000 0000 8900 8842grid.250407.4Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Anna Heath
- 0000 0000 8900 8842grid.250407.4Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Murray J. Cairns
- 0000 0000 8696 2171grid.419558.4Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, NSW Australia ,0000 0000 8831 109Xgrid.266842.cSchool of Biomedical Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW Australia
| | - Joshua Atkins
- 0000 0000 8831 109Xgrid.266842.cSchool of Biomedical Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW Australia
| | - Rodney Scott
- 0000 0000 8696 2171grid.419558.4Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, NSW Australia ,0000 0000 8831 109Xgrid.266842.cSchool of Biomedical Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW Australia
| | | | - Peter R. Schofield
- 0000 0000 8900 8842grid.250407.4Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, Sydney, NSW Australia ,0000 0004 4902 0432grid.1005.4School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW Australia ,0000 0000 8696 2171grid.419558.4Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Cyndi Shannon Weickert
- 0000 0000 8900 8842grid.250407.4Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, Sydney, NSW Australia ,0000 0000 8696 2171grid.419558.4Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, NSW Australia ,0000 0004 4902 0432grid.1005.4School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Christos Pantelis
- 0000 0001 2179 088Xgrid.1008.9Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, VIC Australia
| | - Alex Fornito
- 0000 0004 1936 7857grid.1002.3Brain and Mental Health Laboratory, Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, VIC Australia
| | - Thomas J. Whitford
- 0000 0004 4902 0432grid.1005.4School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Thomas W. Weickert
- 0000 0000 8900 8842grid.250407.4Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, Sydney, NSW Australia ,0000 0000 8696 2171grid.419558.4Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, NSW Australia ,0000 0004 4902 0432grid.1005.4School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Andrew Zalesky
- 0000 0001 2179 088Xgrid.1008.9Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, VIC Australia
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19
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Chlorpromazine Increases the Expression of Polysialic Acid (PolySia) in Human Neuroblastoma Cells and Mouse Prefrontal Cortex. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18061123. [PMID: 28538701 PMCID: PMC5485947 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) is modified by polysialic acid (polySia or PSA) in embryonic brains. In adult brains, polySia modification of NCAM is only observed in restricted areas where neural plasticity, remodeling of neural connections, or neural generation is ongoing although the amount of NCAM remains unchanged. Impairments of the polySia-expression and several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the polysialyltransferase (polyST) ST8SIA2 gene are reported to be associated with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Chlorpromazine (CPZ) is well-known as an agent for treating schizophrenia, and our hypothesis is that CPZ may affect the polySia expression or the gene expression of polySTs or NCAM. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed the effects of CPZ on the expression of polySia-NCAM on human neuroblastoma cell line, IMR-32 cells, by immunochemical and chemical methods. Interestingly, the cell surface expression of polySia, especially those with lower chain lengths, was significantly increased on the CPZ-treated cells, while mRNAs for polySTs and NCAM, and the amounts of total polySia-NCAM remained unchanged. The addition of brefeldin A, an inhibitor of endocytosis, suppressed the CPZ-induced cell surface polySia expression. In addition, polySia-NCAM was also observed in the vesicle compartment inside the cell. All these data suggest that the level of cell surface expression of polySia in IMR-32 is highly regulated and that CPZ changes the rate of the recycling of polySia-NCAM, leading to the up-regulation of polySia-NCAM on the cell surface. We also analyzed the effect of CPZ on polySia-expression in various brain regions in adult mice and found that CPZ only influenced the total amounts of polySia-NCAM in prefrontal cortex. These results suggest a brain-region-specific effect of CPZ on the expression of total polySia in mouse brain. Collectively, anti-schizophrenia agent CPZ consistently up-regulates the expression polySia at both cellular and animal levels.
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20
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Mueller TM, Yates SD, Haroutunian V, Meador-Woodruff JH. Altered fucosyltransferase expression in the superior temporal gyrus of elderly patients with schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2017; 182:66-73. [PMID: 27773385 PMCID: PMC5376218 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2016.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylation is a post-translational modification that is an essential element in cell signaling and neurodevelopmental pathway regulation. Glycan attachment can influence the tertiary structure and molecular interactions of glycosylated substrates, adding an additional layer of regulatory complexity to functional mechanisms underlying central cell biological processes. One type of enzyme-mediated glycan attachment, fucosylation, can mediate glycoprotein and glycolipid cell surface expression, trafficking, secretion, and quality control to modulate a variety of inter- and intracellular signaling cascades. Building on prior reports of glycosylation abnormalities and evidence of dysregulated glycosylation enzyme expression in schizophrenia, we examined the protein expression of 5 key fucose-modifying enzymes: GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1), GDP-fucose:protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2), fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8), fucosyltransferase 11 (FUT11), and plasma α-l-fucosidase (FUCA2) in postmortem superior temporal gyrus of schizophrenia (N=16) and comparison (N=14) subjects. We also used the fucose binding protein, Aleuria aurantia lectin (AAL), to assess α-1,6-fucosylated N-glycoprotein abundance in the same subjects. In schizophrenia, we found increased expression of POFUT2, a fucosyltransferase uniquely responsible for O-fucosylation of thrombospondin-like repeat domains that is involved in a non-canonical endoplasmic reticulum quality control pathway. We also found decreased expression of FUT8 in schizophrenia. Given that FUT8 is the only α-1,6-fucosyltransferase expressed in mammals, the concurrent decrease in AAL binding in schizophrenia, particularly evident for N-glycoproteins in the ~52-58kDa and ~60-70kDa molecular mass ranges, likely reflects a consequence of abnormal FUT8 expression in the disorder. Dysregulated FUT8 and POFUT2 expression could potentially explain a variety of molecular abnormalities in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni M. Mueller
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA,Corresponding author: Toni M. Mueller, PhD, CIRC 593A, 1719 6th Ave South, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA, Tel: +1 205 996 6164, Fax: + 1 205 975 4879,
| | - Stefani D. Yates
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Vahram Haroutunian
- Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - James H. Meador-Woodruff
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
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21
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Zhou L, Hussain MM. Human MicroRNA-548p Decreases Hepatic Apolipoprotein B Secretion and Lipid Synthesis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 37:786-793. [PMID: 28336556 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.309247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE MicroRNAs (miRs) play important regulatory roles in lipid metabolism. Apolipoprotein B (ApoB), as the only essential scaffolding protein in the assembly of very-low-density lipoproteins, is a target to treat hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis. We aimed to find out miRs that reduce apoB expression. APPROACH AND RESULTS Bioinformatic analyses predicted that hsa-miR-548p can interact with apoB mRNA. MiR-548p or control miR was transfected in human and mouse liver cells to test its role in regulating apoB secretion and mRNA expression levels. Site-directed mutagenesis was used to identify the interacting site of miR-548p in human apoB 3'-untranslated region. Fatty acid oxidation and lipid syntheses were examined in miR-548p overexpressing cells to investigate its function in lipid metabolism. We observed that miR-548p significantly reduces apoB secretion from human hepatoma cells and primary hepatocytes. Mechanistic studies showed that miR-548p interacts with the 3'-untranslated region of human apoB mRNA to enhance post-transcriptional degradation. Bioinformatic algorithms suggested 2 potential binding sites of miR-548p on human apoB mRNA. Site-directed mutagenesis studies revealed that miR-548p targets site I involving both seed and supplementary sequences. MiR-548p had no effect on fatty acid oxidation but significantly decreased lipid synthesis in human hepatoma cells by reducing HMGCR (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase) and ACSL4 (Acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4) enzymes involved in cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis. In summary, miR-548p reduces lipoprotein production and lipid synthesis by reducing expression of different genes in human liver cells. CONCLUSIONS These studies suggest that miR-548p regulates apoB secretion by targeting mRNA. It is likely that it could be useful in treating atherosclerosis, hyperlipidemia, and hepatosteatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liye Zhou
- From the School of Graduate Studies, Molecular and Cell Biology Program (L.Z.), and Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York (L.Z., M.M.H.); Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, New York (M.M.H.); and Department of Veterans Affairs, New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn (M.M.H.)
| | - M Mahmood Hussain
- From the School of Graduate Studies, Molecular and Cell Biology Program (L.Z.), and Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York (L.Z., M.M.H.); Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, New York (M.M.H.); and Department of Veterans Affairs, New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn (M.M.H.).
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22
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Klobučar M, Visentin S, Jakovčević A, Bilić M, Kovač-Bilić L, Đanić D, Pavelić K, Kraljević Pavelić S. Expression of polysialic acid in primary laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Life Sci 2017; 173:73-79. [PMID: 28185819 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Expression of polySia is associated with metastatic dissemination and progression of various malignant diseases. In particular, it may contribute to tumorigenesis by a negative modulatory effect on cellular signaling cascades responsible for cellular migration, differentiation and proliferation. In this study, we investigated the expression of polySia in primary metastatic and non-metastatic laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) tumor tissues and its potential impact on the LSCC progression. MAIN METHODS The expression of polySia in metastatic and non-metastatic primary laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) tumor biopsy specimens was investigated by immunohistochemistry, while the expression of polysialyltransferase IV (ST8SiaIV)(), fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1), extracellular signal regulated kinases 1 and 2 (Erk 1/2) and c-Raf was tested in metastatic and non-metastatic primary tumor tissues (including the corresponding non-tumor control tissues) by Western blot analysis. KEY FINDINGS The expression of polySia was detected in LSCC biopsies specimens with generally stronger immunoreactivity in non-metastatic tumor LSCC sections and in histologically undifferentiated tumors. Also, increased polySia expression was observed in adjacent histologically unaltered laryngeal tumor-associated tissue of the metastatic sections. In addition, we provide an evidence of increased polysialyltransferase IV (ST8SiaIV) expression, involved in polySia synthesis in both metastatic and non-metastatic primary tumors which is accompanied by decreased levels of FGFR1, Erk 1/2 and c-Raf. SIGNIFICANCE We present for the first time the evidence for the polySia expression in LSCC biopsies specimens which suggests its potential impact on initial steps of LSCC malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Klobučar
- University of Rijeka, Department of Biotechnology, Centre of High-Throughput Technologies, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Sarah Visentin
- University of Rijeka, Department of Biotechnology, Centre of High-Throughput Technologies, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Antonija Jakovčević
- University Department of ENT, Head and Neck Surgery, Kišpatićeva 12, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mario Bilić
- University Department of ENT, Head and Neck Surgery, Kišpatićeva 12, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lana Kovač-Bilić
- University Department of ENT, Head and Neck Surgery, Kišpatićeva 12, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Davorin Đanić
- University Josip Juraj Strossmayer of Osijek, Medical School Osijek, Department of ENT and Head and Neck Surgery, General Hospital "Dr. J. Bencevic", 35 000 Slavonski Brod, Croatia
| | - Krešimir Pavelić
- University of Rijeka, Department of Biotechnology, Centre of High-Throughput Technologies, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Sandra Kraljević Pavelić
- University of Rijeka, Department of Biotechnology, Centre of High-Throughput Technologies, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia.
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23
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Naito-Matsui Y, Davies LRL, Takematsu H, Chou HH, Tangvoranuntakul P, Carlin AF, Verhagen A, Heyser CJ, Yoo SW, Choudhury B, Paton JC, Paton AW, Varki NM, Schnaar RL, Varki A. Physiological Exploration of the Long Term Evolutionary Selection against Expression of N-Glycolylneuraminic Acid in the Brain. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:2557-2570. [PMID: 28049733 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.768531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
All vertebrate cell surfaces display a dense glycan layer often terminated with sialic acids, which have multiple functions due to their location and diverse modifications. The major sialic acids in most mammalian tissues are N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) and N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), the latter being derived from Neu5Ac via addition of one oxygen atom at the sugar nucleotide level by CMP-Neu5Ac hydroxylase (Cmah). Contrasting with other organs that express various ratios of Neu5Ac and Neu5Gc depending on the variable expression of Cmah, Neu5Gc expression in the brain is extremely low in all vertebrates studied to date, suggesting that neural expression is detrimental to animals. However, physiological exploration of the reasons for this long term evolutionary selection has been lacking. To explore the consequences of forced expression of Neu5Gc in the brain, we have established brain-specific Cmah transgenic mice. Such Neu5Gc overexpression in the brain resulted in abnormal locomotor activity, impaired object recognition memory, and abnormal axon myelination. Brain-specific Cmah transgenic mice were also lethally sensitive to a Neu5Gc-preferring bacterial toxin, even though Neu5Gc was overexpressed only in the brain and other organs maintained endogenous Neu5Gc expression, as in wild-type mice. Therefore, the unusually strict evolutionary suppression of Neu5Gc expression in the vertebrate brain may be explained by evasion of negative effects on neural functions and by selection against pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Naito-Matsui
- From the Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine
| | - Leela R L Davies
- From the Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine
| | - Hiromu Takematsu
- From the Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine.,the Department of Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hsun-Hua Chou
- From the Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine
| | | | - Aaron F Carlin
- From the Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine
| | - Andrea Verhagen
- From the Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine
| | | | | | | | - James C Paton
- the Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia
| | - Adrienne W Paton
- the Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia
| | - Nissi M Varki
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0687
| | - Ronald L Schnaar
- Pharmacology and Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, and
| | - Ajit Varki
- From the Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, .,Glycobiology Research and Training Center, and
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24
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Releasing Mechanism of Neurotrophic Factors via Polysialic Acid. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2017; 104:89-112. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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25
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Regulation of extrasynaptic signaling by polysialylated NCAM: Impact for synaptic plasticity and cognitive functions. Mol Cell Neurosci 2016; 81:12-21. [PMID: 27865768 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The activation of synaptic N-methyl-d-aspartate-receptors (NMDARs) is crucial for induction of synaptic plasticity and supports cell survival, whereas activation of extrasynaptic NMDARs inhibits long-term potentiation and triggers neurodegeneration. A soluble polysialylated form of the neural cell adhesion molecule (polySia-NCAM) suppresses signaling through peri-/extrasynaptic GluN2B-containing NMDARs. Genetic or enzymatic manipulations blocking this mechanism result in impaired synaptic plasticity and learning, which could be repaired by reintroduction of polySia, or inhibition of either GluN1/GluN2B receptors or downstream signaling through RasGRF1 and p38 MAP kinase. Ectodomain shedding of NCAM, and hence generation of soluble NCAM, is controlled by metalloproteases of a disintegrin and metalloprotease (ADAM) family. As polySia-NCAM is predominantly associated with GABAergic interneurons in the prefrontal cortex, it is noteworthy that EphrinA5/EphA3-induced ADAM10 activity promotes polySia-NCAM shedding in these neurons. Thus, in addition to the well-known regulation of synaptic NMDARs by the secreted molecule Reelin, shed polySia-NCAM may restrain activation of extrasynaptic NMDARs. These data support a concept that GABAergic interneuron-derived extracellular proteins control the balance in synaptic/extrasynaptic NMDAR-mediated signaling in principal cells. Strikingly, dysregulation of Reelin or polySia expression is linked to schizophrenia. Thus, targeting of the GABAergic interneuron-principle cell communication and restoring the balance in synaptic/extrasynaptic NMDARs represent promising strategies for treatment of psychiatric diseases.
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26
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Szewczyk LM, Brozko N, Nagalski A, Röckle I, Werneburg S, Hildebrandt H, Wisniewska MB, Kuznicki J. ST8SIA2 promotes oligodendrocyte differentiation and the integrity of myelin and axons. Glia 2016; 65:34-49. [PMID: 27534376 PMCID: PMC5129544 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
ST8SIA2 is a polysialyltransferase that attaches polysialic acid to the glycoproteins NCAM1 and CADM1. Polysialylation is involved in brain development and plasticity. ST8SIA2 is a schizophrenia candidate gene, and St8sia2−/− mice exhibit schizophrenia‐like behavior. We sought to identify new pathological consequences of ST8SIA2 deficiency. Our proteomic analysis suggested myelin impairment in St8sia2−/− mice. Histological and immune staining together with Western blot revealed that the onset of myelination was not delayed in St8sia2−/− mice, but the content of myelin was lower. Ultrastructure analysis of the corpus callosum showed thinner myelin sheaths, smaller and irregularly shaped axons, and white matter lesions in adult St8sia2−/− mice. Then we evaluated oligodendrocyte differentiation in vivo and in vitro. Fewer OLIG2+ cells in the cortex and corpus callosum, together with the higher percentage of undifferentiated oligodenroglia in St8sia2−/− mice suggested an impairment in oligodendrocyte generation. Experiment on primary cultures of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) confirmed a cell‐autonomous effect of ST8SIA2 in oligodendroglia, and demonstrated that OPC to oligodendrocyte transition is inhibited in St8sia2−/− mice. Concluding, ST8SIA2‐mediated polysialylation influences on oligodendrocyte differentiation, and oligodendrocyte deficits in St8sia2 mice are a possible cause of the demyelination and degeneration of axons, resembling nerve fiber alterations in schizophrenia. GLIA 2016;65:34–49
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Mateusz Szewczyk
- Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, ul. Ks. Trojdena 4, Warszawa, 02-109, Poland.,Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, ul. Banacha 2C, Warszawa, 02-097, Poland.,Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, ul. Zwirki i Wigury 61, Warszawa, 02-091, Poland
| | - Nikola Brozko
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, ul. Banacha 2C, Warszawa, 02-097, Poland.,Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, ul. Zwirki i Wigury 61, Warszawa, 02-091, Poland
| | - Andrzej Nagalski
- Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, ul. Ks. Trojdena 4, Warszawa, 02-109, Poland
| | - Iris Röckle
- Institute for Cellular Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, Hannover, 30625, Germany
| | - Sebastian Werneburg
- Institute for Cellular Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, Hannover, 30625, Germany
| | - Herbert Hildebrandt
- Institute for Cellular Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, Hannover, 30625, Germany
| | - Marta Barbara Wisniewska
- Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, ul. Ks. Trojdena 4, Warszawa, 02-109, Poland.,Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, ul. Banacha 2C, Warszawa, 02-097, Poland
| | - Jacek Kuznicki
- Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, ul. Ks. Trojdena 4, Warszawa, 02-109, Poland
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27
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Sato C, Hane M, Kitajima K. Relationship between ST8SIA2, polysialic acid and its binding molecules, and psychiatric disorders. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:1739-52. [PMID: 27105834 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Polysialic acid (polySia, PSA) is a unique and functionally important glycan, particularly in vertebrate brains. It is involved in higher brain functions such as learning, memory, and social behaviors. Recently, an association between several genetic variations and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of ST8SIA2/STX, one of two polysialyltransferase genes in vertebrates, and psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia (SZ), bipolar disorder (BD), and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), was reported based on candidate gene approaches and genome-wide studies among normal and mental disorder patients. It is of critical importance to determine if the reported mutations and SNPs in ST8SIA2 lead to impairments of the structure and function of polySia, which is the final product of ST8SIA2. To date, however, only a few such forward-directed studies have been conducted. In addition, the molecular mechanisms underlying polySia-involved brain functions remain unknown, although polySia was shown to have an anti-adhesive effect. In this report, we review the relationships between psychiatric disorders and polySia and/or ST8SIA2, and describe a new function of polySia as a regulator of neurologically active molecules, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and dopamine, which are deeply involved in psychiatric disorders. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Glycans in personalised medicine" Guest Editor: Professor Gordan Lauc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Sato
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
| | - Masaya Hane
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Ken Kitajima
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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28
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Genetics of psychotropic medication induced side effects in two independent samples of bipolar patients. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2014; 122:43-58. [PMID: 25129258 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-014-1290-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of bipolar disorder (BD) usually requires combination therapies, with the critical issue of the emergence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and the possibility of low treatment adherence. Genetic polymorphisms are hypothesized to modulate the pharmacodynamics of psychotropic drugs, representing potential biological markers of ADRs. This study investigated genes involved in the regulation of neuroplasticity (BDNF, ST8SIA2), second messenger cascades (GSK3B, MAPK1, and CREB1), circadian rhythms (RORA), transcription (SP4, ZNF804A), and monoaminergic system (HTR2A and COMT) in the risk of neurological, psychic, autonomic, and other ADRs. Two independent samples of BD patients naturalistically treated were included (COPE-BD n = 147; STEP-BD n = 659). In the COPE-BD 34 SNPs were genotyped, while in the STEP-BD polymorphisms in the selected genes were extracted from the genome-wide dataset. Each ADRs group was categorized as absent-mild or moderate-severe and logistic regression with appropriate covariates was applied to identify possible risk genotypes/alleles. 58.5 and 93.5 % of patients were treated with mood stabilizers, 44.2 and 50.7 % were treated with antipsychotics, and 69.4 and 46.1 % were treated with antidepressants in the COPE-BD and STEP-BD, respectively. Our findings suggested that ST8SIA2 may be associated with psychic ADRs, as shown in the COPE-BD (rs4777989 p = 0.0017) and STEP-BD (rs56027313, rs13379489 and rs10852173). A cluster of RORA SNPs around rs2083074 showed an effect on psychic ADRs in the STEP-BD. Trends supporting the association between HTR2A and autonomic ADRs were found in both samples. Confirmations are needed particularly for ST8SIA2 and RORA since the few available data regarding their role in relation to psychotropic ADRs.
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29
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Shaw AD, Tiwari Y, Kaplan W, Heath A, Mitchell PB, Schofield PR, Fullerton JM. Characterisation of genetic variation in ST8SIA2 and its interaction region in NCAM1 in patients with bipolar disorder. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92556. [PMID: 24651862 PMCID: PMC3961385 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase 2 (ST8SIA2) is an enzyme responsible for the transfer of polysialic acid (PSA) to glycoproteins, principally the neuronal cell adhesion molecule (NCAM1), and is involved in neuronal plasticity. Variants within ST8SIA2 have previously shown association with bipolar disorder, schizophrenia and autism. In addition, altered PSA-NCAM expression in brains of patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder indicates a functional dysregulation of glycosylation in mental illness. To explore the role of sequence variation affecting PSA-NCAM formation, we conducted a targeted re-sequencing study of a ∼100 kb region – including the entire ST8SIA2 gene and its region of interaction with NCAM1 – in 48 Caucasian cases with bipolar disorder using the Roche 454 platform. We identified over 400 DNA variants, including 47 putative novel variants not described in dbSNP. Validation of a subset of variants via Sequenom showed high reliability of Roche 454 genotype calls (97% genotype concordance, with 80% of novel variants independently verified). We did not observe major loss-of-function mutations that would affect PSA-NCAM formation, either by ablating ST8SIA2 function or by affecting the ability of NCAM1 to be glycosylated. However, we identified 13 SNPs in the UTRs of ST8SIA2, a synonymous coding SNP in exon 5 (rs2305561, P207P) and many additional non-coding variants that may influence splicing or regulation of ST8SIA2 expression. We calculated nucleotide diversity within ST8SIA2 on specific haplotypes, finding that the diversity on the specific “risk” and “protective” haplotypes was lower than other non-disease-associated haplotypes, suggesting that putative functional variation may have arisen on a spectrum of haplotypes. We have identified common and novel variants (rs11074064, rs722645, 15∶92961050) that exist on a spectrum of haplotypes, yet are plausible candidates for conferring the effect of risk and protective haplotypes via multiple enhancer elements. A Galaxy workflow/pipeline for sequence analysis used herein is available at: https://main.g2.bx.psu.edu/u/a-shaw-neura/p/next-generation-resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex D Shaw
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yash Tiwari
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Warren Kaplan
- Peter Wills Bioinformatic Centre, Garvan Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anna Heath
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Philip B Mitchell
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Black Dog Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter R Schofield
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Janice M Fullerton
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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30
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Deng C, Dean B. Mapping the pathophysiology of schizophrenia: interactions between multiple cellular pathways. Front Cell Neurosci 2013; 7:238. [PMID: 24348332 PMCID: PMC3842583 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2013.00238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Deng
- Antipsychotic Research Laboratory, Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute Wollongong, NSW, Australia ; Centre for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Wollongong Wollongong, NSW, Australia ; Schizophrenia Research Institute Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Brian Dean
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health Parkville, VIC, Australia ; Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne Parkville, VIC, Australia
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