1
|
Denizci E, Altun G, Kaplan S. Morphological evidence for the potential protective effects of curcumin and Garcinia kola against diabetes in the rat hippocampus. Brain Res 2024; 1839:149020. [PMID: 38788929 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
This research investigated the effects of sciatic nerve transection and diabetes on the hippocampus, and the protective effects of Garcinia kola and curcumin. Thirty-five adults male Wistar albino rats were divided into five groups: a control group (Cont), a transected group (Sham group), a transected + diabetes mellitus group (DM), a transected + diabetes mellitus + Garcinia kola group (DM + GK), and a transected + DM + curcumin group (DM + Cur), each containing seven animals. The experimental diabetes model was created with the intraperitoneal injection of a single dose of streptozotocin. No procedure was applied to the Cont group, while sciatic nerve transection was performed on the other groups. Garcinia kola was administered to the rats in DM + GK, and curcumin to those in DM + Cur. Cardiac perfusion was performed at the end of the experimental period. Brain tissues were dissected for stereological, histopathological, and immunohistochemical evaluations. The volume ratios of hippocampal layers to the entire hippocampus volume were compared between the groups. Anti-S100, anti-caspase 3, and anti-SOX 2 antibodies were used for immunohistochemical analysis. No statistically significant difference was observed in the volume ratios of the four hippocampal layers. However, the volume ratio of the stratum lucidum was higher in the Sham, DM, and DM + Cur groups compared to the Cont group. While curcumin exhibited a protective effect on hippocampal tissue following diabetes induction, Garcinia kola had only a weak protective effect. Increased cell density and nuclear deterioration due to diabetes and nerve transection can be partially ameliorated by treatment with Garcinia kola and curcumin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eda Denizci
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun 55139, Turkey
| | - Gamze Altun
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun 55139, Turkey
| | - Süleyman Kaplan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun 55139, Turkey; Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hristov M, Nankova A, Andreeva-Gateva P. Alterations of the glutamatergic system in diabetes mellitus. Metab Brain Dis 2024; 39:321-333. [PMID: 37747631 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01299-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease characterized by elevated blood glucose levels caused by a lack of insulin production (type 1 diabetes) or insulin resistance (type 2 diabetes). It is well known that DM is associated with cognitive deficits and metabolic and neurophysiological changes in the brain. Glutamate is the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system that plays a key role in synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory processes. An increasing number of studies have suggested that abnormal activity of the glutamatergic system is implicated in the pathophysiology of DM. Dysfunction of glutamatergic neurotransmission in the central nervous system can provide an important neurobiological substrate for many disorders. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a non-invasive technique that allows a better understanding of the central nervous system factors by measuring in vivo the concentrations of brain metabolites within the area of interest. Here, we briefly review the MRS studies that have examined glutamate levels in the brain of patients with DM. The present article also summarizes the available data on abnormalities in glutamatergic neurotransmission observed in different animal models of DM. In addition, the role of gut microbiota in the development of glutamatergic alterations in DM is addressed. We speculate that therapeutic strategies targeting the glutamatergic system may be beneficial in the treatment of central nervous system-related changes in diabetic patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milen Hristov
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, 2 "Zdrave" St, Sofia, 1431, Bulgaria.
| | - Anelia Nankova
- Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, 1431, Bulgaria
| | - Pavlina Andreeva-Gateva
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, 2 "Zdrave" St, Sofia, 1431, Bulgaria
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Llorián-Salvador M, Cabeza-Fernández S, Gomez-Sanchez JA, de la Fuente AG. Glial cell alterations in diabetes-induced neurodegeneration. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:47. [PMID: 38236305 PMCID: PMC10796438 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-05024-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a global epidemic that due to its increasing prevalence worldwide will likely become the most common debilitating health condition. Even if diabetes is primarily a metabolic disorder, it is now well established that key aspects of the pathogenesis of diabetes are associated with nervous system alterations, including deleterious chronic inflammation of neural tissues, referred here as neuroinflammation, along with different detrimental glial cell responses to stress conditions and neurodegenerative features. Moreover, diabetes resembles accelerated aging, further increasing the risk of developing age-linked neurodegenerative disorders. As such, the most common and disabling diabetic comorbidities, namely diabetic retinopathy, peripheral neuropathy, and cognitive decline, are intimately associated with neurodegeneration. As described in aging and other neurological disorders, glial cell alterations such as microglial, astrocyte, and Müller cell increased reactivity and dysfunctionality, myelin loss and Schwann cell alterations have been broadly described in diabetes in both human and animal models, where they are key contributors to chronic noxious inflammation of neural tissues within the PNS and CNS. In this review, we aim to describe in-depth the common and unique aspects underlying glial cell changes observed across the three main diabetic complications, with the goal of uncovering shared glial cells alterations and common pathological mechanisms that will enable the discovery of potential targets to limit neuroinflammation and prevent neurodegeneration in all three diabetic complications. Diabetes and its complications are already a public health concern due to its rapidly increasing incidence, and thus its health and economic impact. Hence, understanding the key role that glial cells play in the pathogenesis underlying peripheral neuropathy, retinopathy, and cognitive decline in diabetes will provide us with novel therapeutic approaches to tackle diabetic-associated neurodegeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Llorián-Salvador
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University, Belfast, UK.
| | - Sonia Cabeza-Fernández
- Institute for Health and Biomedical Research of Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience CSIC-UMH, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Jose A Gomez-Sanchez
- Institute for Health and Biomedical Research of Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience CSIC-UMH, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Alerie G de la Fuente
- Institute for Health and Biomedical Research of Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain.
- Institute of Neuroscience CSIC-UMH, San Juan de Alicante, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ebrahimi M, Thompson P, Lauer AK, Sivaprasad S, Perry G. The retina-brain axis and diabetic retinopathy. Eur J Ophthalmol 2023; 33:2079-2095. [PMID: 37259525 DOI: 10.1177/11206721231172229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major contributor to permanent vision loss and blindness. Changes in retinal neurons, glia, and microvasculature have been the focus of intensive study in the quest to better understand DR. However, the impact of diabetes on the rest of the visual system has received less attention. There are reports of associations of changes in the visual system with preclinical and clinical manifestations of diabetes. Simultaneous investigation of the retina and the brain may shed light on the mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration in diabetics. Additionally, investigating the links between DR and other neurodegenerative disorders of the brain including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease may reveal shared mechanisms for neurodegeneration and potential therapy options.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moein Ebrahimi
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy, and Autoimmunity, Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Paul Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andreas K Lauer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Sobha Sivaprasad
- National Institute of Health and Care Research Moorfields Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK
| | - George Perry
- Department of Neuroscience, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, University of Texas and San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Douglass JD, Ness KM, Valdearcos M, Wyse-Jackson A, Dorfman MD, Frey JM, Fasnacht RD, Santiago OD, Niraula A, Banerjee J, Robblee M, Koliwad SK, Thaler JP. Obesity-associated microglial inflammatory activation paradoxically improves glucose tolerance. Cell Metab 2023; 35:1613-1629.e8. [PMID: 37572666 PMCID: PMC10528677 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Hypothalamic gliosis associated with high-fat diet (HFD) feeding increases susceptibility to hyperphagia and weight gain. However, the body-weight-independent contribution of microglia to glucose regulation has not been determined. Here, we show that reducing microglial nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling via cell-specific IKKβ deletion exacerbates HFD-induced glucose intolerance despite reducing body weight and adiposity. Conversely, two genetic approaches to increase microglial pro-inflammatory signaling (deletion of an NF-κB pathway inhibitor and chemogenetic activation through a modified Gq-coupled muscarinic receptor) improved glucose tolerance independently of diet in both lean and obese rodents. Microglial regulation of glucose homeostasis involves a tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)-dependent mechanism that increases activation of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) and other hypothalamic glucose-sensing neurons, ultimately leading to a marked amplification of first-phase insulin secretion via a parasympathetic pathway. Overall, these data indicate that microglia regulate glucose homeostasis in a body-weight-independent manner, an unexpected mechanism that limits the deterioration of glucose tolerance associated with obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John D Douglass
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Kelly M Ness
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Martin Valdearcos
- The Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Alice Wyse-Jackson
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Mauricio D Dorfman
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jeremy M Frey
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Rachael D Fasnacht
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Olivia D Santiago
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Anzela Niraula
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jineta Banerjee
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Megan Robblee
- The Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Suneil K Koliwad
- The Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Joshua P Thaler
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mohammed SR, Elmasry K, El-Gamal R, El-Shahat MA, Sherif RN. Alteration of Aquaporins 1 and 4 immunohistochemical and gene expression in the cerebellum of diabetic albino rat. Tissue Cell 2023; 82:102076. [PMID: 36989704 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are a family of transmembrane channel proteins. AQP1 and AQP4 are expressed in cerebellum amongst others. This study was designed to assess the effect of diabetes on AQP1 and AQP4 expression in cerebellum of rats. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of Streptozotocin 45 mg/kg in 24 adult male Sprague Dawley rats. Six rats from control and diabetic groups were sacrificed at one, four, and eight weeks post diabetic confirmation. After eight weeks, measurement of malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH) concentrations, and cerebellar mRNA expression for AQP1 and AQP4 genes were performed. Immunohistochemical evaluation of AQP1, AQP4, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) for cerebellar sections was performed for all groups. Diabetes caused degenerative changes in Purkinje cells with a significant increase in the cerebellar level of MDA and AQP1 immunoreactivity and a significant decrease in GSH level and AQP4 expression levels. However, the alteration in the AQP1 mRNA level was not statistically significant. GFAP immunoreactivity was increased in 8 W diabetic rats following its decrease in 1 W diabetic rats. Diabetes caused some alteration in the AQPs 1 and 4 expression in the cerebellum of diabetic rats which may contribute to diabetes-induced cerebellar complications.
Collapse
|
7
|
Karami F, Jamaati H, Coleman-Fuller N, Zeini MS, Hayes AW, Gholami M, Salehirad M, Darabi M, Motaghinejad M. Is metformin neuroprotective against diabetes mellitus-induced neurodegeneration? An updated graphical review of molecular basis. Pharmacol Rep 2023; 75:511-543. [PMID: 37093496 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-023-00469-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease that activates several molecular pathways involved in neurodegenerative disorders. Metformin, an anti-hyperglycemic drug used for treating DM, has the potential to exert a significant neuroprotective role against the detrimental effects of DM. This review discusses recent clinical and laboratory studies investigating the neuroprotective properties of metformin against DM-induced neurodegeneration and the roles of various molecular pathways, including mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and its related cascades. A literature search was conducted from January 2000 to December 2022 using multiple databases including Web of Science, Wiley, Springer, PubMed, Elsevier Science Direct, Google Scholar, the Core Collection, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library to collect and evaluate peer-reviewed literature regarding the neuroprotective role of metformin against DM-induced neurodegenerative events. The literature search supports the conclusion that metformin is neuroprotective against DM-induced neuronal cell degeneration in both peripheral and central nervous systems, and this effect is likely mediated via modulation of oxidative stress, inflammation, and cell death pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Karami
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Jamaati
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Natalie Coleman-Fuller
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Maryam Shokrian Zeini
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Wallace Hayes
- University of South Florida College of Public Health and Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA
| | - Mina Gholami
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Salehirad
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Amir-Almomenin Hospital, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Darabi
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Motaghinejad
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Turan Yücel N, Kandemir Ü, Üçel Uİ, Demir Özkay Ü, Can ÖD. Catecholaminergic and Cholinergic Systems Mediate Beneficial Effect of Vortioxetine on Diabetes-Induced Neuropathic Pain. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041137. [PMID: 37189755 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic potential of vortioxetine on mechanical hyperalgesia/allodynia was investigated in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes, and its possible mechanism of action was elucidated in this study. The obtained findings demonstrated that subacute vortioxetine treatment (5 and 10 mg/kg for 2 weeks) increased the reduced paw-withdrawal thresholds of diabetic rats both in the Randall-Selitto and Dynamic plantar tests. Moreover, the falling latencies of animals did not change in the Rota-rod assessments. These results suggest that vortioxetine administration significantly improved diabetes-induced hyperalgesia and allodynia responses in the rats without affecting their motor coordination. The vortioxetine (5 mg/kg)-induced antihyperalgesic and antiallodynic effects were reversed by AMPT, yohimbine, ICI 118,551, sulpiride and atropine pre-treatments, suggesting the involvement of the catecholaminergic system, α2- and β2-adrenoceptors, D2/3 dopaminergic receptors and cholinergic muscarinic receptors in the exhibited pharmacological activity, respectively. Moreover, the data from the immunohistochemical studies indicated that the inhibition of c-Fos overexpression in dorsal horn neurons also mediates the beneficial effect of this drug. Vortioxetine induced no difference in plasma glucose levels in diabetic rats. If clinical studies confirm these findings, the concomitant beneficial effect of vortioxetine on mood disorders and its neutral activity profile on glycemic control may make it an alternative drug for the treatment of neuropathic pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nazlı Turan Yücel
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Ümmühan Kandemir
- Vocational School of Health Services, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, 11230 Bilecik, Turkey
| | - Umut İrfan Üçel
- Vocational School of Health Services, Bayburt University, 69000 Bayburt, Turkey
| | - Ümide Demir Özkay
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Özgür Devrim Can
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
AlSabagh AT, Rao MS, Renno WM. The impact of heat therapy on neuromuscular function and muscle atrophy in diabetic rats. Front Physiol 2023; 13:1039588. [PMID: 36685197 PMCID: PMC9849254 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1039588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is the most common metabolic disease worldwide and is associated with many systemic complications. Muscle atrophy is one of the significant complications in DM patients, making routine tasks laborious as atrophy continues. It is known that heat stress stimulates heat shock proteins and other proteins that maintain muscle mass; however, it is not thoroughly studied in diabetic conditions. This study addressed whether heat therapy can attenuate muscle atrophy in STZ-induced diabetic rats and explored its mechanism of action on specific muscle proteins. Methods: Male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into short-term (3 weeks) and long-term (6 weeks) experiments. In each experiment rats were divided into control, heat therapy, diabetic and diabetic + heat therapy groups. Rats in heat therapy groups were exposed to heat therapy for 30 min daily for three or six weeks in a temperature-controlled (42°C) chamber. Results: The attenuation of neuromuscular functions assessed by Rotarod, Kondziella's inverted screen, and extensor postural thrust tests showed that diabetic rats exposed to heat therapy performed significantly better than diabetic controls. Muscle cross sectional area data established that heat therapy reduced muscle atrophy by 34.3% within 3 weeks and 44.1% within 6 weeks in the diabetic groups. Further, heat therapy significantly decreased muscle atrophy markers (CD68, KLF, and MAFbx) and significantly elevated muscle hypertrophy markers (AKT, mTOR, and HSP70). Conclusions: This study shows the relevance and clinical significance of utilizing heat therapy as a viable treatment to attenuate muscle atrophy in diabetic patients.
Collapse
|
10
|
Nagayach A, Bhaskar R, Patro I. Microglia activation and inflammation in hippocampus attenuates memory and mood functions during experimentally induced diabetes in rat. J Chem Neuroanat 2022; 125:102160. [PMID: 36089179 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2022.102160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Incidence of cognitive and emotional alterations are reportedly two times more in diabetic patients than in non-diabetic population with hitherto unexplained causation and mechanism. Purview of the hippocampus functional diversity sanctions the accessibility and the necessity to investigate the regional neuro-immunological aspects of neurodegeneration and related functional alterations following diabetes. We examined the possible involvement of microglia activation, macrophage response, oxidative stress and inflammatory stature in both ventral and dorsal hippocampus of rats rendered diabetic by a single injection of streptozotocin (STZ; 45 mg/ kg body weight; intraperitoneal). Cognitive and behavioural alterations were studied using open field test (locomotor activity), elevated plus maze (anxiety), Barnes maze (spatial cognition) and T maze (working memory) at 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th, 10th and 12th week post diabetic confirmation. Oxidative stress was investigated via measuring the level of lipid peroxidation biochemically. Scenario of microglia activation, macrophage response and inflammation was gauged using qualitative and quantitative analysis. Pronounced macrophage expression and activation directed microglia phenotypic switching was prominent in both ventral and dorsal hippocampus indicating the impact of oxidative stress following diabetes in hippocampus. The resultant inflammatory response was also progressive and persistent in both ventral and dorsal hippocampus parallel to the altered cognitive, locomotor ability and anxiety behaviour in diabetic rats. Conclusively, present data not only comprehends the microglia, macrophage physiology and related immune response in functionally different hippocampal regions associated cognitive and behavioural deficits, but also offers a suggestive region-specific cellular mechanism pathway for developing an imminent therapeutic approach during particular diabetes deficits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aarti Nagayach
- School of Studies in Neuroscience, Jiwaji University, Gwalior 474011, Madhya Pradesh, India; Department of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
| | - Rakesh Bhaskar
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeonsang 38541, South Korea
| | - Ishan Patro
- School of Studies in Neuroscience, Jiwaji University, Gwalior 474011, Madhya Pradesh, India; School of Studies in Zoology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior 474011, Madhya Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Contribution of hyperglycemia-induced changes in microglia to Alzheimer's disease pathology. Pharmacol Rep 2022; 74:832-846. [PMID: 36042131 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-022-00405-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative condition characterized by cognitive and functional impairments. The investigation of AD has focused on the formation of senile plaques, composed mainly by amyloid β (Aβ) peptide, and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in the brain. Senile plaques and NFTs cause the excessive recruitment and activation of microglia, thus generating neuroinflammation and neuronal damage. Among the risk factors for the development of AD, diabetes has increasingly attracted attention. Hyperglycemia, the fundamental characteristic of diabetes, is involved in several mechanisms that give rise to microglial overactivation, resulting in neuronal damage and cognitive impairment. Indeed, various studies have identified the correlation between diabetes and AD. The aim of this review is to describe various mechanisms of the hyperglycemia-induced overactivation of microglia, which leads to neuroinflammation and neuronal damage and consequently contributes to the pathology of AD. The disruption of the regulation of microglial activity by hyperglycemia occurs through many mechanisms, including a greater production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glycation end products (AGEs), and a decrease in the elimination of Aβ. The future direction of research on the relation between hyperglycemia and AD is addressed, such as the importance of determining whether the hyperglycemia-induced harmful effects on microglial activity can be reversed or attenuated if blood glucose returns to a normal level.
Collapse
|
12
|
Mandour DA, Tolba AM, El-Bestawy EM. Maternal exposure to the environmental pollutant "BDE-47" impairs the postnatal development of rat cerebellar cortex by modulating neuronal proliferation, synaptogenesis, NGF and BDNF pathways. Histol Histopathol 2022; 37:555-573. [PMID: 35191013 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED 2,2',4,4'-Tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) is an environmental contaminant that crosses the blood placental barrier and interferes with the homeostasis of fetal thyroid hormones. AIM OF WORK This study was designed to investigate the perinatal effect of BDE-47 exposure on the postnatal development of the rat cerebellar cortex. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was carried out on 20 pregnant rats and 36 of their offspring. The pregnant rats were divided equally into control and BDE-47 treated mother groups; supplemented orally with BDE-47 (0.2 mg/kg/day from day 8 of gestation until the day of weaning). The offspring of both mother groups were subdivided, according to their developmental age, into three subgroups; PND14, PND21and PND42. SerumT3, T4 and TSH were assessed for dams and their offspring. Testing the motor coordination of the offspring via the rotarod test was conducted. Sections of the cerebellar cortex from offspring subgroups were stained with hematoxylin and eosin alongside immunohistochemical reactions and optical density of nerve growth factor (NGF), brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and synaptophysin (SYN). Also, the thickness of different layers of the cerebellar cortex was histomorphometrically measured. RESULTS BDE-47 treated mothers and their offspring subgroups showed a significant decrease in the serum free T3, T4 and increased TSH. The BDE-47 offspring displayed incoordination of the motor activity together with disturbed cytoarchitecture of the cerebellar cortical layers, and impaired migration of its germinative neuronal zones, particularly on PND14 and PND21. Moreover, these offspring displayed a decrease of the immune-expression and optical density of NGF, BDNF in the cerebellar cortical layers with impaired proliferation, and synaptogenesis. CONCLUSION Maternal exposure to BDE-47 during pregnancy and lactation effectuated a potential deleterious retarding effect on the postnatal development of the rat cerebellar cortex mostly via modulating neuronal proliferation, synaptogenesis, NGF and BDNF pathways secondary to its hypothyroid effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dalia A Mandour
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Asmaa M Tolba
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Emtethal M El-Bestawy
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sarkar T, Patro N, Patro IK. Perinatal exposure to synergistic multiple stressors lead to cellular and behavioral deficits mimicking Schizophrenia like pathology. Biol Open 2022; 11:274201. [PMID: 35107124 PMCID: PMC8918990 DOI: 10.1242/bio.058870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein malnourishment and immune stress are potent perinatal stressors, encountered by children born under poor socioeconomic conditions. Thus, it is necessary to investigate how such stressors synergistically contribute towards developing neurological disorders in affected individuals. Pups from Wistar females, maintained on normal (high-protein, HP:20%) and low-protein (LP:8%) diets were used. Single and combined exposures of Poly I:C (viral mimetic: 5 mg/kg body weight) and Lipopolysaccharide (LPS; bacterial endotoxin: 0.3 mg/kg body weight) were injected to both HP and LP pups at postnatal days (PND) 3 and 9 respectively, creating eight groups: HP (control); HP+Poly I:C; HP+LPS; HP+Poly I:C+LPS; LP; LP+Poly I:C; LP+LPS; LP+Poly I:C+LPS (multi-hit). The effects of stressors on hippocampal cytoarchitecture and behavioral abilities were studied at PND 180. LP animals were found to be more vulnerable to immune stressors than HP animals and symptoms like neuronal damage, spine loss, downregulation of Egr 1 and Arc proteins, gliosis and behavioral deficits were maximum in the multi-hit group. Thus, from these findings it is outlined that cellular and behavioral changes that occur following multi-hit exposure may predispose individuals to developing Schizophrenia-like pathologies during adulthood. Summary: This study reports that exposure to perinatal multi-hit stress (protein malnourishment and immune stress) causes changes in the hippocampal cells alongside behavioral deficits which are also observed in Schizophrenic condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiyasha Sarkar
- School of Studies in Neuroscience, Jiwaji University, Gwalior-474011, India
| | - Nisha Patro
- School of Studies in Neuroscience, Jiwaji University, Gwalior-474011, India
| | - Ishan Kumar Patro
- School of Studies in Neuroscience, Jiwaji University, Gwalior-474011, India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bahader GA, Nash KM, Almarghalani DA, Alhadidi Q, McInerney MF, Shah ZA. Type-I diabetes aggravates post-hemorrhagic stroke cognitive impairment by augmenting oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in mice. Neurochem Int 2021; 149:105151. [PMID: 34348124 PMCID: PMC8387457 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a major comorbid condition that increases susceptibility to stroke. Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), a devastating type of stroke, accounts for only 13% of the total stroke cases but is associated with higher mortality. Multimorbid models of DM and ischemic stroke have been widely studied; however, fewer pieces of evidence are available on the impact of DM on the outcomes of ICH injury. In this study, we investigated the effect of DM on ICH-induced injury and cognitive impairments. Streptozotocin (STZ) induced type-I DM (T1DM) animal model was used, and experimental ICH was induced by intrastriatal injection of collagenase. Our results demonstrated that DM is associated with a significant increase in hematoma volume and deficits in post-stroke locomotor, sensorimotor, and cognitive behavior in mice. The levels of neuroinflammation, oxidative/nitrosative stress, and glial cell activation were also increased in the diabetic mice following ICH injury. This study provides a better understanding of the influence of DM comorbidity on hemorrhagic stroke outcomes and uncovers the important pathological mechanisms underlying DM-induced exacerbation of ICH injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ghaith A Bahader
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Kevin M Nash
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Daniyah A Almarghalani
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Qasim Alhadidi
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Marcia F McInerney
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Zahoor A Shah
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, OH, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hong S, Nagayach A, Lu Y, Peng H, Duong QVA, Pham NB, Vuong CA, Bazan NG. A high fat, sugar, and salt Western diet induces motor-muscular and sensory dysfunctions and neurodegeneration in mice during aging: Ameliorative action of metformin. CNS Neurosci Ther 2021; 27:1458-1471. [PMID: 34510763 PMCID: PMC8611779 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims To explore the novel linkage between a Western diet combining high saturated fat, sugar, and salt (HFSS) and neurological dysfunctions during aging as well as Metformin intervention, we assessed cerebral cortex abnormalities associated with sensory and motor dysfunctions and cellular and molecular insights in brains using HFSS‐fed mice during aging. We also explored the effect of Metformin treatment on these mice. Methods C57BL/6 mice were fed with HFSS and treated with metformin from 20 to 22 months of age, resembling human aging from 56 to 68 years of age (an entry phase of the aged portion of lifespan). Results The motor and sensory cortexes in mice during aging after HFSS diet showed: (A) decreased motor‐muscular and sensory functions; (B) reduced inflammation‐resolving Arg‐1+ microglia; (C) increased inflammatory iNOs+ microglia and TNFα levels; (D) enhanced abundance of amyloid‐β peptide and of phosphorylated Tau. Metformin attenuated these changes. Conclusion A HFSS‐combined diet caused motor‐muscular and sensory dysfunctions, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration, whereas metformin counteracted these effects. Our findings show neuroinflammatory consequences of a HFSS diet in aging. Metformin curbs the HFSS‐related neuroinflammation eliciting neuroprotection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Song Hong
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Aarti Nagayach
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Yan Lu
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Hongying Peng
- Biostatistics, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Quoc-Viet A Duong
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Nicholas B Pham
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Christopher A Vuong
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Nicolas G Bazan
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kolahdouz M, Jafari F, Falanji F, Nazemi S, Mohammadzadeh M, Molavi M, Amin B. Clavulanic Acid Attenuating Effect on the Diabetic Neuropathic Pain in Rats. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:1759-1770. [PMID: 33846883 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03308-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathy is one of the most common complications of diabetes mellitus. Excess glutamate release and oxidative stress are hypothesized to be involved in the pathophysiology of diabetes-induced neuropathy. This study was designed to investigate the effect of clavulanic acid (CLAV), a competitive beta-lactamase inhibitor, on the streptozocin (STZ)-induced neuropathic pain and possible mechanisms in the spinal cord of rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into naive group; control group which got a single dose of STZ (50 mg/kg, i.p.), as a model of diabetic neuropathic pain; prophylactic groups: animals received CLAV (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg, i.p.) 1 week after STZ for 10 days; and therapeutic group: animals received 20 mg/kg CLAV, 21 days after STZ for 10 days. Study of pain behaviors was started on days 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 after STZ. The expression of the glutamate transport 1 (GLT1), genes of oxidative stress including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), proinflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), as well as genes involved in the apoptosis including bcl2, bcl2-associated x (bax) were measured in the spinal cord tissue by Real Time PCR, on day 42. On day 21 post injection of STZ, diabetic animals showed significant mechanical allodynia, cold allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia. CLAV in all doses of 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg reduced symptoms of allodynia and hyperalgesia, in both prophylactic and therapeutic regimens. While iNOS, TNF-α, bax/bcl2 were found significantly overexpressed in spinal cord of diabetic animals, their expression in animals received CLAV had been reduced. In contrast, GLT1 that had decreased in the spinal cord of diabetic animals, significantly increased in those received CLAV. CLAV was found a promising candidate for reliving neuropathic pain in diabetes mellitus. Such beneficial effect of CLAV could be, in part, attributed to the increased expression of GLT 1, inhibition of nitrosative stress, anti-inflammation, and inhibition of some apoptotic mediators followed by administration into diabetic animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahnoush Kolahdouz
- Student Research Committee, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Faranak Jafari
- Student Research Committee, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Farahnaz Falanji
- Student Research Committee, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Samad Nazemi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mohammadzadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Mehdi Molavi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Bahareh Amin
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yao L, Yang C, Zhang W, Li S, Li Q, Chen L, Lui S, Kemp GJ, Biswal BB, Shah NJ, Li F, Gong Q. A multimodal meta-analysis of regional structural and functional brain alterations in type 2 diabetes. Front Neuroendocrinol 2021; 62:100915. [PMID: 33862036 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2021.100915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Neuroimaging studies have identified brain structural and functional alterations of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients; however, there is no systematic information on the relations between abnormalities in these two domains. We conducted a multimodal meta-analysis of voxel-based morphometry and regional resting-state functional MRI studies in T2DM, including fifteen structural datasets (693 patients and 684 controls) and sixteen functional datasets (378 patients and 358 controls). We found, in patients with T2DM compared to controls, conjoint decreased regional gray matter volume (GMV) and altered intrinsic activity mainly in the default mode network including bilateral superior temporal gyrus/Rolandic operculum, left middle and inferior temporal gyrus, and left supramarginal gyrus; decreased GMV alone in the limbic system; and functional abnormalities alone in the cerebellum, insula, and visual cortex. This meta-analysis identified complicated patterns of conjoint and dissociated brain alterations in T2DM patients, which may help provide new insight into the neuropathology of T2DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Yao
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, NO. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, China; Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NO. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, China; Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan University, NO. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chengmin Yang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, NO. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, China; Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NO. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, China; Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan University, NO. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, NO. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, China; Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NO. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, China; Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan University, NO. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Siyi Li
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, NO. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, China; Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NO. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, China; Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan University, NO. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qian Li
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, NO. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, China; Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NO. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, China; Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan University, NO. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lizhou Chen
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, NO. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, China; Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NO. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, China; Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan University, NO. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Su Lui
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, NO. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, China; Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NO. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, China; Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan University, NO. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Graham J Kemp
- Liverpool Magnetic Resonance Imaging Centre (LiMRIC) and Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, L3 5TR, United Kingdom
| | - Bharat B Biswal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 323 Dr Martin Luther King Jr Blvd, Newark, NJ 07102, USA; The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No.4, Section 2, North Jianshe Road, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Nadim J Shah
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-4), Medical Imaging Physics, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Fei Li
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, NO. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, China; Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NO. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, China; Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan University, NO. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, China; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-4), Medical Imaging Physics, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, NO. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, China; Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NO. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, China; Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan University, NO. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Liu J, Li Y, Yang X, Xu H, Ren J, Zhou P. Regional Spontaneous Neural Activity Alterations in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-Analysis of Resting-State Functional MRI Studies. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:678359. [PMID: 34220486 PMCID: PMC8245688 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.678359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) studies have revealed inconsistent regional spontaneous neural activity alterations in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of our meta-analysis was to identify concordant regional spontaneous neural activity abnormalities in patients with T2DM. Methods: A systematic search was conducted to identify voxel-based rs-fMRI studies comparing T2DM patients with healthy controls. The permutation of subject images seed-based d mapping (SDM) was used to quantitatively estimate the regional spontaneous neural activity abnormalities in patients with T2DM. Metaregression was conducted to examine the associations between clinical characteristics and functional alterations. Results: A total of 16 studies with 19 datasets including 434 patients with T2DM and 391 healthy controls were included. Patients with T2DM showed hypoactivity in the right medial superior frontal gyrus, right superior temporal gyrus, and left lingual gyrus, whereas hyperactivity in the right cerebellum. Metaregression analysis identified negative correlation between regional activity in the medial superior frontal and anterior cingulate gyri and illness duration of patients with T2DM. Conclusion: The patterns of regional spontaneous neural activity alterations, characterized by hypoactivity in the medial pre-frontal cortex, visual cortex, and superior temporal gyrus, whereas hyperactivity in the cerebellum, might represent the underlying neuropathological mechanisms of T2DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jieke Liu
- Department of Radiology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Radiology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Radiology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Radiology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Ren
- Department of Radiology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Impact of physical activity on mitochondrial enzymes, muscle stem cell and anti-oxidant protein Sestrins in Sarcopenic mice. Exp Gerontol 2021; 150:111358. [PMID: 33872736 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sarcopenia is the loss of skeletal muscle mass and function. It is a major health issue in old age due to lack of understanding of the origin and molecular mechanism. Altered dietary pattern, sedentary lifestyle and physical inactivity have shown adverse effect of skeletal muscle function. Sedentary behaviour and low protein intake have been well associated with sarcopenia. Here, we aim to develop Sarcopenia mimicking murine model to observe the physiological and biochemical changes with physical activity intervention. We also intended to find the association of muscle stem cells and stress induced protein Sestrins in the developed sarcopenic model. METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice were categorized into 4 groups: young-control (Y-Cntrl), aged-matched control (A-Cntrl), Sarcopenic-model (SAR-model) and Sarcopenic intervention group (SAR-INT) with physical exercises. SAR-model group was kept in a retrofitted confined cage for sedentary lifestyle and was fed with protein-restricted diet. Phenotypic assessment for body mass, grip strength and functional endurance was analysed to confirm the sarcopenic state. Mitochondrial enzymatic assessment, muscle stem cell (MuSCs) proliferation potential and protein quantification of Sestrins expression were performed by enzyme histochemistry, flow cytometry and surface plasmon resonance (SPR), respectively. SAR-model group was given 10 weeks physical activity intervention to assess the physiological and biochemical changes. RESULTS Simultaneous implementation of physical inactivity by sedentary confinement and protein restricted diet led the animals to exhibit the features of sarcopenia. SAR-model group showed a decline of 8.6% (p < 0.0001) in the body weight assessment, 32% decline (p < 0.0001) in the grip strength, 28% increase in time elapsed (p < 0.0001) indicating decline in functional performance. Mitochondrial enzymes (ATPase, NADH-TR and SDH/COX) assessment exhibited low expression in SAR-model group. Ki67 positive muscle stem cell declines around 50% in the model group. SPR quantification of Sestrin 2 showed a decline of 14% which significantly improved to 28% upon physical activity intervention (p = 0.0025) in SAR-INT group. CONCLUSION It can be summarized that the mouse model generated in the present study mimics the feature of human Sarcopenia. Physical activity intervention may improve the sarcopenic status via modulation of Sestrin 2 which can serve as potential molecule for therapeutic implication.
Collapse
|
20
|
Idris AE, Seke Etet PF, Saeed AA, Farahna M, Satti GMH, AlShammari SZ, Hamza MA. Evaluation of metabolic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Garcinia kola on diabetic rats. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:3641-3646. [PMID: 33304175 PMCID: PMC7714953 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Garcinia kola (G. kola), is a plant characterized by its hypoglycemic properties. We recently reported our findings on the extracts of G. kola, in which we found that it prevented the loss of inflammation-sensible neuronal populations in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced rat models of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). In the present study we assessed the effect of G. kola bioactive compounds extracted successively with water, hexane, methylene chloride, ethyl acetate, and butanol. through analyzing biochemical markers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and metabolic function in STZ-induced diabetic animals. Animals made diabetic by a single injection with STZ (60 mg/kg, i.p.), were treated daily with either vehicle solution, insulin, or G. kola extracts and its fractions from the first to the 6th-week post-injection. Biochemical markers; glucose, insulin, C-peptide, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), creatinine kinase, glutathione peroxidase, malondialdehyde (MDA), resistin, soluble E-selectin (SE-Selectin), and C-reactive proteins (CRP) levels in the sera were determined in the study groups. A marked increase in blood glucose (209.26% of baseline value), and a decrease in body weight (−12.37%) were observed in diabetic control animals but not in animals treated with either insulin or G. kola extracts and its fractions. The sub-fraction F5, G. kola ethyl acetate had the highest bioactive activities, with a maintenance of blood sugar, malondialdehyde, C-peptide, E-selectin, C-reactive protein (CRP) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) to levels and responses comparable to healthy non-diabetic vehicle group and the positive control diabetic insulin-treated group. Our findings suggest that G. kola may have a strong therapeutic potential against T1DM and its microvascular complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed E Idris
- Nile College-Sudan, Khartoum, Sudan.,Faculty of Medicine, King Fahad Medical City, Ministry of Health, Riyadh 11525, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Abdalla A Saeed
- Faculty of Medicine, King Fahad Medical City, Ministry of Health, Riyadh 11525, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Farahna
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gwiria M H Satti
- Faculty of Medicine, King Fahad Medical City, Ministry of Health, Riyadh 11525, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Shuaa Z AlShammari
- Research Center, King Fahad Medical City, Ministry of Health, Riyadh 11525, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muaawia A Hamza
- Faculty of Medicine, King Fahad Medical City, Ministry of Health, Riyadh 11525, Saudi Arabia.,Research Center, King Fahad Medical City, Ministry of Health, Riyadh 11525, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Momeni Z, Neapetung J, Pacholko A, Kiir TAB, Yamamoto Y, Bekar LK, Campanucci VA. Hyperglycemia induces RAGE-dependent hippocampal spatial memory impairments. Physiol Behav 2020; 229:113287. [PMID: 33316294 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a prevalent metabolic disorder that has long been associated with changes in different regions of the brain, including the hippocampus. Changes in hippocampal synaptic plasticity and subsequent impairment in cognitive functions such as learning and memory, are well documented in animal models of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. It is known that RAGE contributes to peripheral micro- and macro-vascular complications of diabetes. However, it is still unknown if RAGE plays a similar role in the development of CNS complications of diabetes. Therefore, we hypothesize that RAGE contributes to cognitive dysfunction, such as learning and memory impairments, in a mouse model of STZ-induced hyperglycemia. Control and STZ-induced hyperglycemic mice from WT and RAGE-KO groups were used for the behavioral experiments. While STZ-induced hyperglycemia decreased locomotor activity in the open field (OF) test, it did not affect the recognition memory in the novel object recognition (NOR) test in either genotype. Spatial memory, however, was impaired in STZ-induced hyperglycemic mice in WT but not in RAGE-KO group in both the Barnes maze (BM) and the Morris water maze (MWM) tests. Consistently, the RAGE antagonist FPS-ZM1 protected WT STZ-induced hyperglycemic mice from spatial memory impairment in the BM test. Our findings indicate that the parameters associated with locomotor activity and recognition memory were independent of RAGE in STZ-induced hyperglycemic mice. In contrast, the parameters associated with hippocampal-dependent spatial memory were dependent on RAGE expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Momeni
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, 107 Wiggins Road, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Joseph Neapetung
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, 107 Wiggins Road, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Anthony Pacholko
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, 107 Wiggins Road, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Tabitha Achan Bol Kiir
- College of Arts and Science, 9 Campus Drive, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Yasuhiko Yamamoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Vascular Biology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Lane K Bekar
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, 107 Wiggins Road, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Verónica A Campanucci
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, 107 Wiggins Road, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Elhessy HM, Eltahry H, Erfan OS, Mahdi MR, Hazem NM, El-Shahat MA. Evaluation of the modulation of nitric oxide synthase expression in the cerebellum of diabetic albino rats and the possible protective effect of ferulic acid. Acta Histochem 2020; 122:151633. [PMID: 33045658 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2020.151633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetes mellitus is a multisystem disease. Oxidative stress and nitric oxide isoforms are involved in diabetic pathogenesis. Ferulic acid is a natural substance that is distributed broadly in plants with strong potent properties. THE AIM OF THE RESEARCH This research was designed to study the possible protective role of ferulic acid on oxidative stress and different Nitric oxide synthase isoforms (NOS) in the cerebellum of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-four albino male rats were randomly divided into equal four groups: control group, group 2 received ferulic acid orally (10 mg/kg), group 3 diabetic group, group 4 diabetic rats received ferulic acid. After 8 weeks, the left cerebellar hemisphere was taken for tissue homogenate for oxidative markers and real-time PCR for NOS isoforms. Paraffin sections of the right cerebellar hemisphere were stained with cresyl violet, Luxol fast blue and immnunohistochemically stained for neuronal NOS, inducible NOS and endothelial NOS. RESULTS Degenerative changes were seen in the cerebella of the diabetic rats with significant elevation of Malondialdehyde, Nitric Oxide, and decrease of Superoxide dismutase levels. nNOS expression decreased and iNOS expression increased significantly. The ferulic acid-treated group showed a reduction of the degenerative changes in the cerebellum with significant improvement in oxidative stress marker, an increase of nNOS expression, and a decrease of iNOS expression. CONCLUSIONS Ferulic acid improves cerebellar functional and histopathological changes induced by diabetes which can be attributed mainly to its anti-oxidative effect and its ability to modulate NOS isoforms.
Collapse
|
23
|
Diabetes Mellitus-Related Dysfunction of the Motor System. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207485. [PMID: 33050583 PMCID: PMC7589125 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although motor deficits in humans with diabetic neuropathy have been extensively researched, its effect on the motor system is thought to be lesser than that on the sensory system. Therefore, motor deficits are considered to be only due to sensory and muscle impairment. However, recent clinical and experimental studies have revealed that the brain and spinal cord, which are involved in the motor control of voluntary movement, are also affected by diabetes. This review focuses on the most important systems for voluntary motor control, mainly the cortico-muscular pathways, such as corticospinal tract and spinal motor neuron abnormalities. Specifically, axonal damage characterized by the proximodistal phenotype occurs in the corticospinal tract and motor neurons with long axons, and the transmission of motor commands from the brain to the muscles is impaired. These findings provide a new perspective to explain motor deficits in humans with diabetes. Finally, pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment strategies for these disorders are presented.
Collapse
|
24
|
Sarkar T, Patro N, Patro IK. Neuronal changes and cognitive deficits in a multi-hit rat model following cumulative impact of early life stressors. Biol Open 2020; 9:bio054130. [PMID: 32878878 PMCID: PMC7522020 DOI: 10.1242/bio.054130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Perinatal protein malnourishment (LP) is a leading cause for mental and physical retardation in children from poor socioeconomic conditions. Such malnourished children are vulnerable to additional stressors that may synergistically act to cause neurological disorders in adulthood. In this study, the above mentioned condition was mimicked via a multi-hit rat model in which pups born to LP mothers were co-injected with polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (Poly I:C; viral mimetic) at postnatal day (PND) 3 and lipopolysaccharide (LPS; bacterial mimetic) at PND 9. Individual exposure of Poly I:C and LPS was also given to LP pups to correlate chronicity of stress. Similar treatments were also given to control pups. Hippocampal cellular apoptosis, β III tubulin catastrophe, altered neuronal profiling and spatial memory impairments were assessed at PND 180, using specific immunohistochemical markers (active caspase 3, β III tubulin, doublecortin), golgi studies and cognitive mazes (Morris water maze and T maze). Increase in cellular apoptosis, loss of dendritic arborization and spatial memory impairments were higher in the multi-hit group, than the single-hit groups. Such impairments observed due to multi-hit stress mimicked conditions similar to many neurological disorders and hence, it is hypothesized that later life neurological disorders might be an outcome of multiple early life hits.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiyasha Sarkar
- School of Studies in Neuroscience, Jiwaji University, Gwalior 474011, India
| | - Nisha Patro
- School of Studies in Neuroscience, Jiwaji University, Gwalior 474011, India
| | - Ishan Kumar Patro
- School of Studies in Neuroscience, Jiwaji University, Gwalior 474011, India
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Lee JY, Park CS, Choi HY, Yune TY. Ginseng Extracts, GS-KG9 and GS-E3D, Prevent Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption and Thereby Inhibit Apoptotic Cell Death of Hippocampal Neurons in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12082383. [PMID: 32784852 PMCID: PMC7469028 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is known to be linked to the impairment of blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity following neuronal cell death. Here, we investigated whether GS-KG9 and GS-E3D, bioactive ginseng extracts from Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer), inhibit BBB disruption following neuronal death in the hippocampus in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats showing type 1-like diabetes mellitus. GS-KG9 and GS-E3D (50, 150, or 300 mg/kg, twice a day for 4 weeks) administered orally showed antihyperglycemic activity in a dose-dependent manner and significantly attenuated the increase in BBB permeability and loss of tight junction proteins. GS-KG9 and GS-E3D also inhibited the expression and activation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and the infiltration of macrophages into the brain parenchyma, especially into the hippocampal region. In addition, microglia and astrocyte activation in the hippocampus and the expression of proinflammatory mediators such as tnf-α, Il-1β, IL-6, cox-2, and inos were markedly alleviated in GS-KG9 and GS-E3D-treated group. Furthermore, apoptotic cell death of hippocampal neurons, especially in CA1 region, was significantly reduced in GS-KG9 and GS-E3D-treated groups as compared to vehicle control. These results suggest that GS-KG9 and GS-E3D effectively prevent apoptotic cell death of hippocampal neurons by inhibiting BBB disruption and may be a potential therapy for the treatment of diabetic patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jee Youn Lee
- Age-Related and Brain Diseases Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (J.Y.L.); (C.S.P.); (H.Y.C.)
| | - Chan Sol Park
- Age-Related and Brain Diseases Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (J.Y.L.); (C.S.P.); (H.Y.C.)
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Hae Young Choi
- Age-Related and Brain Diseases Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (J.Y.L.); (C.S.P.); (H.Y.C.)
| | - Tae Young Yune
- Age-Related and Brain Diseases Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (J.Y.L.); (C.S.P.); (H.Y.C.)
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
- KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-969-6943; Fax: +82-2-969-6343
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abdel Fattah S, Waly H, El-Enein AA, Kamel A, Labib H. Mesenchymal stem cells versus curcumin in enhancing the alterations in the cerebellar cortex of streptozocin-induced diabetic albino rats. The role of GFAP, PLC and α-synuclein. J Chem Neuroanat 2020; 109:101842. [PMID: 32599256 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2020.101842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus is the disease, termed either by insulin paucity or resistance and hyperglycemia. The selection of the cerebellum was built on its specific functions. The aim of this study was to investigate a comparison between the possible therapeutic effects of MSCs and curcumin against fluctuations in the cerebellar cortex of STZ-induced diabetic albino rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty rats were divided into five groups: control, sham control, streptozotocin-induced diabetes, diabetes and MSCs administered and diabetes and curcumin administered. Light microscopic (H&E), immune-histochemical; Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), real-time PCR; phospholipase-C (PLC) and α-synuclein, histomorphometric analysis, oxidative / anti-oxidatants; malondialdehyde (MDA)/ superoxide dismutase (SOD) glutathione (GSH) and were made. RESULTS The histopathological examination of the STZ-induced diabetic rats revealed alterations in the molecular, purkinje and granular layers. Abnormal organizations, vacuolation, patchy loss of purkinje cells were detected. Some purkinje cells migrated into the granular layer.Hemorrhage in pia mater outspreading to cerebellar layers is discerned. Purkinje cells showed karyorrhexis. The mean value of area percentage for GFAP immune- reactivity revealed 360 % significant increase compared to that of the control group. Also, MDA level was significantly increased while the SOD and GSH levels were significantly lower when compared to the control group. Meanwhile, mean values of PLC demonstrated significant decrease, while α-synuclein levels displayed a significant increment in the diabetic group. Administration of curcumin and MSCs extremely ameliorated the previous alterations. CONCLUSION the deleterious alterations on the cerebellar cortex induced by diabetes were obviously improved when treated with either MSCs or curcumin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shereen Abdel Fattah
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Hafiz Waly
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ayman Abou El-Enein
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; Faculty of Medicine KAU (Rabigh), Saudi Arabia
| | - Asmaa Kamel
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba Labib
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Maher AM, Saleh SR, Elguindy NM, Hashem HM, Yacout GA. Exogenous melatonin restrains neuroinflammation in high fat diet induced diabetic rats through attenuating indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 expression. Life Sci 2020; 247:117427. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
28
|
Oyelaja-Akinsipo OB, Dare EO, Katare DP. Protective role of diosgenin against hyperglycaemia-mediated cerebral ischemic brain injury in zebrafish model of type II diabetes mellitus. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03296. [PMID: 32051868 PMCID: PMC7002854 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Impairment in glucose regulation is an indicatory effect capable of mediating multiple dysfunction such as cerebrovascular disorder with ischemia and brain damage inclusive. This study aims at investigating the glucose-lowering and neuroprotective capability of Diosgenin (DG) towards hyperglycemia-induced cerebral injury in a developed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) Zebrafish (ZF) model. T2DM was developed in ZF with 20 mg/kg body weight (b.w) multiple-low dose (MLD) Streptozotocin (STZ) for 28 days. Different doses of 20 mg/kg b.w (DG1) and 40 mg/kg b.w (DG2) DG was intraperitoneally administered twice in 7 days for a period of 28 days after T2DM was completely developed. Weight and behavioral changes were monitored and the catalytic activity including the plasma glucose level of diseased and treated ZF was spectrometrically estimated. Histopathological studies were employed to image the brain pathological condition during disease and treatment. SPSS was used as the statistical tool for result analysis and comparison of data obtained. STZ significantly (###p < 0.001) induced hyperglycemia when compared to control as plasma glucose increases from 101.56 ± 4.52 mgdL−1 to 175.87 ± 6.00 mg/dL. Our results have indicated a marked reduction in glucose concentration from a mean average of 175.87 ± 6.00 mgdL−1 to 105.68 ± 4.48 mgdL−1 and 82.06 ± 7.27 mgdL−1 in DG 1 and DG 2 respectively. Catalytic activity significantly decreases (p < 0.05) from 206.42 ± 30.77 unit/mL to 123.85 ± 29.99 unit/mL at a minimum and maximum value of 103.21 and 275.23 in diseased ZF respectively. On DG treatment, catalytic activity significantly (p < 0.01) rise from 101.58 ± 11.29 and 130.73 ± 27.52 to 130.98 ± 17.13 and 255.96 ± 30.34 with DG1 and DG2 treatment respectively. Studies on the behavioral pattern of STZ-induced anxiolytic effect on ZF confirmed changes in the number of transitions and time spent in both Novel tank test (NTT) and Dark/light test (LDT). Histopathological analysis confirmed the cerebral cortex with inflammatory brain cells in the diseased condition and an attenuation of damage posed revealed in diseased state was largely reversed with DG. As compared to the normal control, a significant (#p < 0.05 and ###p < 0.001) changes in weight of fishes were recorded and DG1 and DG2 significantly promotes (***p < 0.001) body weight and improves the irregularities in weight of ZF during disease progression. Our study confirms that the potential of DG towards the management of hyperglycemia and hyperglycemia–mediated cerebral ischemic injury is through its blood glucose-lowering properties, anti-inflammatory activity, antioxidant effect, and anxiolytic capabilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oyesolape B Oyelaja-Akinsipo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, College of Science and Information Technology, Tai Solarin University of Education, Ijagun, Ogun State, PMB 2118, Nigeria.,Department of Chemistry, College of Physical Sciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Alabata, Abeokuta Ogun State, 110282, Nigeria.,Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201303, India
| | - Enock O Dare
- Department of Chemistry, College of Physical Sciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Alabata, Abeokuta Ogun State, 110282, Nigeria
| | - Deepshikha P Katare
- Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201303, India
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Long-term administration of high-dose methylphenidate-induced cerebellar morphology and function damage in adult rats. J Chem Neuroanat 2020; 103:101712. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2019.101712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
|
30
|
Ferris JK, Inglis JT, Madden KM, Boyd LA. Brain and Body: A Review of Central Nervous System Contributions to Movement Impairments in Diabetes. Diabetes 2020; 69:3-11. [PMID: 31862690 DOI: 10.2337/db19-0321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is associated with a loss of somatosensory and motor function, leading to impairments in gait, balance, and manual dexterity. Data-driven neuroimaging studies frequently report a negative impact of diabetes on sensorimotor regions in the brain; however, relationships with sensorimotor behavior are rarely considered. The goal of this review is to consider existing diabetes neuroimaging evidence through the lens of sensorimotor neuroscience. We review evidence for diabetes-related disruptions to three critical circuits for movement control: the cerebral cortex, the cerebellum, and the basal ganglia. In addition, we discuss how central nervous system (CNS) degeneration might interact with the loss of sensory feedback from the limbs due to peripheral neuropathy to result in motor impairments in individuals with diabetes. We argue that our understanding of movement impairments in individuals with diabetes is incomplete without the consideration of disease complications in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. Neuroimaging evidence for disrupted central sensorimotor circuitry suggests that there may be unrecognized behavioral impairments in individuals with diabetes. Applying knowledge from the existing literature on CNS contributions to motor control and motor learning in healthy individuals provides a framework for hypothesis generation for future research on this topic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer K Ferris
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - J Timothy Inglis
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Kenneth M Madden
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Lara A Boyd
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Deng CK, Mu ZH, Miao YH, Liu YD, Zhou L, Huang YJ, Zhang F, Wang YY, Yang ZH, Qian ZY, Wang X, Guo JZ, Zhang MY, Liao XY, Wan Q, Lu D, Zou YY. Gastrodin Ameliorates Motor Learning Deficits Through Preserving Cerebellar Long-Term Depression Pathways in Diabetic Rats. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1239. [PMID: 31824244 PMCID: PMC6883220 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive dysfunction is a very severe consequence of diabetes, but the underlying causes are still unclear. Recently, the cerebellum was reported to play an important role in learning and memory. Since long-term depression (LTD) is a primary cellular mechanism for cerebellar motor learning, we aimed to explore the role of cerebellar LTD pathways in diabetic rats and the therapeutic effect of gastrodin. Diabetes was induced by a single injection of streptozotocin into adult Sprague-Dawley rats. Motor learning ability was assessed by a beam walk test. Pathological changes of the cerebellum were assessed by Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) and Nissl staining. Cellular apoptosis was assessed by anti-caspase-3 immunostaining. Protein expression levels of LTD pathway-related factors, including GluR2, protein kinase C (PKC), NR2A, and nNOS, in the cerebellar cortex were evaluated by western blotting and double immunofluorescence. The NO concentration was measured. The cellular degeneration and the apoptosis of Purkinje cells were evident in the cerebellum of diabetic rats. Protein expression levels of GluR2 (NC9W: 1.26 ± 0.12; DM9W + S: 0.81 ± 0.07), PKC (NC9W: 1.66 ± 0.10; DM9W + S: 0.58 ± 0.19), NR2A (NC9W: 1.40 ± 0.05; DM9W + S: 0.63 ± 0.06), nNOS (NC9W: 1.26 ± 0.12; DM9W + S: 0.68 ± 0.04), and NO (NC9W: 135.61 ± 31.91; DM9W + S: 64.06 ± 24.01) in the cerebellum were significantly decreased in diabetic rats. Following gastrodin intervention, the outcome of motor learning ability was significantly improved (NC9W: 6.70 ± 3.31; DM9W + S: 20.47 ± 9.43; DM9W + G: 16.04 ± 7.10). In addition, degeneration and apoptosis were ameliorated, and this was coupled with the elevation of the protein expression of the abovementioned biomarkers. Arising from the above, we concluded that gastrodin may contribute to the improvement of motor learning by protecting the LTD pathways in Purkinje cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Kun Deng
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhi-Hao Mu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yi-He Miao
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,Department of Orthopedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yi-Dan Liu
- Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Kunming Pharmaceutical Corporation, Kunming, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine of Yunnan Province, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yong-Jie Huang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,Emergency Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yao-Yi Wang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Yang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhong-Yi Qian
- Department of Morphological Laboratory, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xie Wang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jia-Zhi Guo
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Mei-Yan Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xin-Yu Liao
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Qi Wan
- Institute of Neuroregeneration and Neurorehabilitation, Department of Neurosurgery of the Affiliated Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Di Lu
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ying-Ying Zou
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Erukainure OL, Ijomone OM, Sanni O, Aschner M, Islam MS. Type 2 diabetes induced oxidative brain injury involves altered cerebellar neuronal integrity and elemental distribution, and exacerbated Nrf2 expression: therapeutic potential of raffia palm (Raphia hookeri) wine. Metab Brain Dis 2019; 34:1385-1399. [PMID: 31201727 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-019-00444-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease have been recognized as one of the microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes (T2D). In this study, the effect of T2D on neuronal integrity and elemental distribution in the cerebellar cortex, as well as the therapeutic effect of Raffia Palm (Raphia hookeri) wine (RPW) were investigated in male albino rats. T2D was induced in 4 groups of rats using fructose and streptozotocin. One group served as negative control which was administered water, the second and third group were administered 150 and 300 mg/kg bodyweight of RPW, while the fourth was administered metformin (200 mg/kg bodyweight). Two other groups of normal rats were administered distilled water (control) and of RPW (300 mg/kg bodyweight). The rats were sacrificed after 5 weeks of treatment, and brains were collected. The cerebellum was removed, and several parts analyzed by immunochemistry, histology and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Remaining brain tissues were used to analyze for the oxidative stress biomarkers and acetylcholinesterase activity. These analyses revealed oxidative damage with concomitantly increased acetylcholinesterase activity and upregulation of Nrf2 expression in the diabetic brain cerebellar cortexes. Histological and microscopic analysis also revealed altered distribution of neurons and axonal nodes with concomitant elevated levels of several heavy metals. Treatment with RPW significantly elevated glutathione (GSH) level, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities, as well as depleted acetylcholinesterase and malondialdehyde (MDA) level and concomitantly inhibited Nrf2 expression. It also improved neuronal integrity and reduced the levels of heavy metals in brain. Taken together, the results of this study suggest that the RPW may afford a novel neuroprotective potential against diabetic neurodegeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ochuko L Erukainure
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, (Westville Campus), Durban, 4000, South Africa
- Nutrition and Toxicology Division, Federal Institute of Industrial Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Omamuyovwi M Ijomone
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Human Anatomy, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Olakunle Sanni
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, (Westville Campus), Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Md Shahidul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, (Westville Campus), Durban, 4000, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Joshi M, Krishnakumar A. Hypoglycemia causes dysregulation of Neuregulin 1, ErbB receptors, Ki67 in cerebellum and brainstem during diabetes: Implications in motor function. Behav Brain Res 2019; 372:112029. [PMID: 31195035 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Hypoglycemia induced brain injury poses a major setback to optimal blood glucose regulation during diabetes. It causes irreversible injury in several brain regions culminating in improper function. Neuregulin 1 and ErbB receptors are involved in regeneration during adulthood as well as in glucose homeostasis. We intended to understand the influence of extreme discrepancies in glycemic levels on Neuregulin 1, ErbB receptor subtypes and Ki67 expression in relation to motor deficits as a consequence of cellular dysfunction/degeneration in the cerebellum and brainstem during diabetes. Elevated oxidative stress and compromised antioxidant system havocs cerebellum and brainstem related function. Cellular alteration of Purkinje neurons in the cerebellum and presence of axonal spheroids in the brainstem are suggestive of impairment to neural circuits involved in motor function. Down regulation of Neuregulin 1, ErbB 2, ErbB 3, ErbB 4 and Ki67 expression observed during diabetes and hypoglycemia may critically cause regenerative deficiency in cerebellum. The coincident up regulation of Neuregulin 1, ErbB 2, ErbB 3 and ErbB 4 in brainstem during diabetes is an attempt to maintain regenerative homeostasis to ensure its function. However, hypoglycemic insults results in down regulation of Neuregulin 1, ErbB 4 expression that severely compromises their role in brainstem. Grid walking test confirmed motor impairment during diabetes that showed further deterioration due to hypoglycemic stress. Thus altered expression of Neuregulin 1, ErbB receptor subtypes and Ki67 during diabetes and hypoglycemia contributes to reduced cellular proliferation and deficits in motor function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madhavi Joshi
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Sarkhej- Gandhinagar Highway Ahmedabad 382481, Gujarat, India.
| | - Amee Krishnakumar
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Sarkhej- Gandhinagar Highway Ahmedabad 382481, Gujarat, India.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Bhusal A, Rahman MH, Lee IK, Suk K. Role of Hippocampal Lipocalin-2 in Experimental Diabetic Encephalopathy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:25. [PMID: 30761088 PMCID: PMC6363678 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic encephalopathy is a severe diabetes-related complication in the central nervous system (CNS) that is characterized by degenerative neurochemical and structural changes leading to impaired cognitive function. While the exact pathophysiology of diabetic encephalopathy is not well-understood, it is likely that neuroinflammation is one of the key pathogenic mechanisms that cause this complication. Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) is an acute phase protein known to promote neuroinflammation via the recruitment and activation of immune cells and glia, particularly microglia and astrocytes, thereby inducing proinflammatory mediators in a range of neurological disorders. In this study, we investigated the role of LCN2 in multiple aspects of diabetic encephalopathy in mouse models of diabetes. Here, we show that induction of diabetes increased the expression of both Lcn2 mRNA and protein in the hippocampus. Genetic deficiency of Lcn2 significantly reduced gliosis, recruitment of macrophages, and production of inflammatory cytokines in the diabetic mice. Further, diabetes-induced hippocampal toxicity and cognitive decline were both lower in Lcn2 knockout mice than in the wild-type animals. Taken together, our findings highlight the critical role of LCN2 in the pathogenesis of diabetic encephalopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anup Bhusal
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Departments of Biomedical Science and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Md Habibur Rahman
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Departments of Biomedical Science and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - In-Kyu Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Kyoungho Suk
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Departments of Biomedical Science and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
- Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Metwally MMM, Ebraheim LLM, Galal AAA. Potential therapeutic role of melatonin on STZ-induced diabetic central neuropathy: A biochemical, histopathological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study. Acta Histochem 2018; 120:828-836. [PMID: 30268437 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to assess the therapeutic potential of melatonin (Mel) in diabetic central neuropathy in a rat model of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. The rats were injected with 60 mg/kg STZ and diabetes was confirmed by blood glucose levels (BGL) ≥ 250 mg/dL. Mel treatment (50 mg/kg) was started 72 h before the STZ injection and continued for 45 days. In addition, normal control, vehicle (5% ethanol) control, and Mel-treated non-diabetic control were also included. STZ induced a diabetic phenotype with persistent hyperglycemia and elevated oxidative stress in the brain, liver, and kidneys compared to the control groups. In addition, the diabetic rats showed severe β-cell necrosis with reduced insulin levels, cerebral neuronopathy, myelinopathy, axonopathy, microglial and astroglial activation, and vascular damage. While Mel treatment did not prevent the development of STZ-induced diabetes mellitus and had no significant effect on the BGLs of the diabetic rats, it significantly ameliorated the diabetes-induced oxidative stress and neurodegeneration. Taken together, Mel showed potent therapeutic effects against the neurological complications of hyperglycemia and therefore can be used to treat diabetic neuropathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M M Metwally
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Lamiaa L M Ebraheim
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Azza A A Galal
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Sifat AE, Vaidya B, Villalba H, Albekairi TH, Abbruscato TJ. Neurovascular unit transport responses to ischemia and common coexisting conditions: smoking and diabetes. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2018; 316:C2-C15. [PMID: 30207783 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00187.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Transporters at the neurovascular unit (NVU) are vital for the regulation of normal brain physiology via ion, water, and nutrients movement. In ischemic stroke, the reduction of cerebral blood flow causes several complex pathophysiological changes in the brain, one of which includes alterations of the NVU transporters, which can exacerbate stroke outcome by increased brain edema (by altering ion, water, and glutamate transporters), altered energy metabolism (by altering glucose transporters), and enhanced drug toxicity (by altering efflux transporters). Smoking and diabetes are common risk factors as well as coexisting conditions in ischemic stroke that are also reported to change the expression and function of NVU transporters. Coexistence of these conditions could cause an additive effect in terms of the alterations of brain transporters that might lead to worsened ischemic stroke prognosis and recovery. In this review, we have discussed the effects of ischemic stroke, smoking, and diabetes on some essential NVU transporters and how the simultaneous presence of these conditions can affect the clinical outcome after an ischemic episode. Further scientific investigations are required to elucidate changes in NVU transport in cerebral ischemia, which can lead to better, personalized therapeutic interventions tailor-made for these comorbid conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali E Sifat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center , Amarillo, Texas
| | - Bhuvaneshwar Vaidya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center , Amarillo, Texas
| | - Heidi Villalba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center , Amarillo, Texas
| | - Thamer H Albekairi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center , Amarillo, Texas
| | - Thomas J Abbruscato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center , Amarillo, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
DiGeronimo PM, Crossland NA, Jugan A, Nevarez JG, Tully TN, Evans DE. Diabetes Mellitus With Concurrent Cerebellar Degeneration and Necrosis in a Domestic Goose ( Anser anser domesticus). J Avian Med Surg 2018; 32:122-127. [PMID: 29905099 DOI: 10.1647/2017-255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A 5-year-old sexually intact male Toulouse goose ( Anser anser domesticus) was presented for ataxia, polyuria, and polydipsia. The goose was cachectic and exhibited head tremors. Results of plasma biochemical analysis and point-of-care glucometry revealed persistent hyperglycemia. Despite supportive care and oral glipizide, the goose died within 48 hours of presentation. Necropsy revealed severe pancreatic atrophy and fibrosis with regionally extensive cerebellar encephalomalacia and generalized Purkinje cell degeneration and necrosis. On a wet basis, hepatic zinc concentration was determined to be twice the reference interval by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Based on these findings, the pancreatic insufficiency with secondary diabetes mellitus was attributed to chronic zinc toxicosis. Despite birds' relative resistance to high blood glucose concentrations, prolonged hyperglycemia is suspected to have caused selective Purkinje cell degeneration and necrosis by glial activation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and glutamate toxicity, which resulted in the clinically observed motor deficits. This is consistent with experimental diabetic rat models. This case highlights the need for further investigation of the complex pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus in birds.
Collapse
|
38
|
Apryatin SA, Shipelin VA, Sidorova YS, Petrov NA, Gmoshinskii IV, Nikityuk DB. Interspecific Differences in Behavioral Responses and Neuromotorics between Laboratory Rodents Receiving Rations with Easily Digested Carbohydrates. Bull Exp Biol Med 2018; 165:5-9. [PMID: 29797123 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-018-4086-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
We assessed the effect of intake of easily digested carbohydrates for 133 days on quantitative parameters of neuromotorics and cognitive function in Wistar rats and C57Bl/6J mice. Neuromotorics (muscle tone) was assessed in rats and mice by the forelimb muscle force (grip strength) over 4 months. Anxiety was assessed in the elevated plus-maze test and cognitive function (short-term and long-term memory) was evaluated by conditioned passive avoidance response (CPAR) test over 3 months. The mice, in contrast to rats, receiving the diet with easily digested sugars demonstrated suppression of neuromotorics. Anxiety increased with age in female mice, but not in rats, irrespective of the diet. Cognitive function in rats receiving experimental rations did not change significantly in comparison with the control. In mice, consumption of equimolar mixture of fructose and glucose impared short-term, but not long-term memory, in comparison with the group receiving glucose alone. We revealed a small (by 14-17%), but statistically significant increase in the brain weight in mice receiving fructose and sucrose. The study demonstrates sufficient interspecies differences in the influence of carbohydrate rations on neuromotorics and behavioral responses in the in vivo metabolic syndrome model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S A Apryatin
- Federal Research Centre for Nutrition and Biotechnology, Moscow, Russia
| | - V A Shipelin
- Federal Research Centre for Nutrition and Biotechnology, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Yu S Sidorova
- Federal Research Centre for Nutrition and Biotechnology, Moscow, Russia
| | - N A Petrov
- Federal Research Centre for Nutrition and Biotechnology, Moscow, Russia
| | - I V Gmoshinskii
- Federal Research Centre for Nutrition and Biotechnology, Moscow, Russia
| | - D B Nikityuk
- Federal Research Centre for Nutrition and Biotechnology, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Sherif RN. Effect of cerebrolysin on the cerebellum of diabetic rats: An imunohistochemical study. Tissue Cell 2017; 49:726-733. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
40
|
Li S, Wang X, Yang J, Lei H, Wang X, Xiang Y. Metabolic profile of visual cortex in diabetic rats measured with in vivo proton MRS. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2017; 30:e3783. [PMID: 28915340 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to characterize the metabolic profile of the visual cortex in streptozotocin-induced Type 1 diabetic rats by means of in vivo proton MRS. Several metabolite concentration ratios in the visual cortex were calculated. In addition, postmortem histologic analyses for retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss, optic nerve injury and visual cortex alterations were monitored. The results showed that diabetes induced several changes in visual cortex metabolites, such as reduced N-acetylaspartate, glutamate, γ-aminobutyric acid, taurine and choline-containing compound levels. Nevertheless, myo-inositol levels increased significantly as compared with controls. Remarkable RGC loss and optic nerve degeneration were observed by morphological analysis. Moreover, the results showed significant neuronal loss and glial activation in the visual cortex. These findings indicated that, besides vascular abnormalities, neuronal loss and degeneration in the visual pathway were induced due to disrupted glucose homeostasis in diabetes. Metabolic or functional abnormalities were induced in cerebral neurons of the visual cortex by diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430014, China
| | - Xinghua Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Junjie Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Hao Lei
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xuxia Wang
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yi Xiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430014, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Singh K, Patro N, Pradeepa M, Patro I. Neonatal Lipopolysaccharide Infection Causes Demyelination and Behavioral Deficits in Adult and Senile Rat Brain. Ann Neurosci 2017; 24:146-154. [PMID: 28867896 DOI: 10.1159/000477152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neonatal bacterial infections have been reported to cause white matter loss, although studies concerning the influence of infection on the expression of myelin and aging are still in their emerging state. PURPOSE The present study aimed to investigate the effects of perinatal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure on the myelination at different age points using histochemical and immunocytochemical techniques and the relative motor coordination. METHODS A rat bacterial infection model was established by exposing the neonatal rats with LPS (0.3 mg/kg body weight, i.p., on postnatal day (PND) 3 followed by a booster at PND 5) and its impact was studied on the myelination and motor coordination in young, adult, and senile rats. RESULTS The results obtained suggest that the administration of LPS induces demyelination, predominantly in cortex and corpus callosum. Low expression level of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) was observed at all time points, with prominence at 12, 18, and 24 months of age. In addition, reduced staining with luxol fast blue stain was also recorded in the experimentals. With the increasing demyelination and declining motor ability, LPS exposure also seemed to accelerate normal aging symptoms. CONCLUSION There is a direct correlation of myelin damage and poor motor coordination with age. This would provide a better incite to understand inflammation-associated demyelinating changes in age-associated neurodegenerative disorders. Since, no long-term studies on behavioral impairments caused by LPS-induced demyelination in the central nervous system has been reported so far, this work would help in the better understanding of the long-term pathological effects of bacterial-induced demyelination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Singh
- School of Studies in Neuroscience, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, India
| | - Nisha Patro
- School of Studies in Neuroscience, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, India
| | - M Pradeepa
- School of Studies in Neuroscience, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, India
| | - Ishan Patro
- School of Studies in Neuroscience, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, India.,School of Studies in Zoology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, India
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Apryatin SA, Sidorova YS, Shipelin VA, Balakina A, Trusov NV, Mazo VK. Neuromotor Activity, Anxiety and Cognitive Function in the In Vivo Model of Alimentary Hyperlipidemia and Obesity. Bull Exp Biol Med 2017; 163:37-41. [PMID: 28577103 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-017-3732-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Behavioral indicators characterizing specific features of the pathological process of alimentary-dependent diseases were studied using in vivo model of alimentary hyperlipidemia in rats and mice. Rats and mice of the control groups received balanced semisynthetic diet for 63 days; animals of the experimental groups received a diet with high fat content (30% dry weight), balanced or high-fat diet with fructose solution instead of water, balanced cholesterol-enriched diet (0.5% dry weight), or balanced cholesterol-enriched diet with fructose solution. During the experiment, the mass of food, consumed by the animals, was monitored daily. Muscle tone was assessed by the front paw grip strength on days 33 and 54 of the experiment. Anxiety was tested in the elevated plus maze on days 36 and 57. Behavior and memory were assessed by conditioned passive avoidance reflex on days 39, 40, and 61. A significant increase in muscle tone was revealed on day 54 in rats fed with a balanced diet with fructose, and in mice, that received a similar diet, supplemented with fructose and cholesterol. Anxiety in the second test (day 57) was significantly decreased in rats fed high-fat diet and increased in mice fed high fat diet and high fat diet with fructose. In the second test, additional amount of cholesterol in the diet was the factor that significantly improved both short-term and long-term memory in both species. In mice, in contrast to rats, addition of fructose, including combination with high-fat diet, significantly worsened short-term and long-term memory. Thus, dietary factors, contributing to alimentary dyslipidemia development in rats and mice, can significantly affect the indices of neuromotor activity, anxiety level and cognitive functions, and the nature and direction of these changes are largely species-specific.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S A Apryatin
- Federal Research Center for Nutrition, Biotechnology, and Food Safety, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Yu S Sidorova
- Federal Research Center for Nutrition, Biotechnology, and Food Safety, Moscow, Russia
| | - V A Shipelin
- Federal Research Center for Nutrition, Biotechnology, and Food Safety, Moscow, Russia
| | - A Balakina
- Federal Research Center for Nutrition, Biotechnology, and Food Safety, Moscow, Russia
| | - N V Trusov
- Federal Research Center for Nutrition, Biotechnology, and Food Safety, Moscow, Russia
| | - V K Mazo
- Federal Research Center for Nutrition, Biotechnology, and Food Safety, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Faheem NM, El Askary A. Neuroprotective role of curcumin on the hippocampus against the structural and serological alterations of streptozotocin-induced diabetes in Sprague Dawely rats. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2017; 20:690-699. [PMID: 28868124 PMCID: PMC5569451 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2017.8839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Diabetes mellitus causes impaired memory and cognitive functions. The hippocampus plays a key role in memory and learning. Curcumin attenuates diabetic nephropathy in vivo. Curcumin has shown a neurogenic effect and cognition-enhancing potential in aged rats. The aim of this study is to evaluate the possible protective role of curcumin on the histological and serological changes of the hippocampus in diabetic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty albino rats were divided into four groups, ten rats each. Group 1 control rats, group 2 rats received curcumin orally (200 mg/kg/day for six weeks), group 3 rats were injected intraperitoneally with streptozotocin (STZ) (100 mg/kg, single dose), group 4 received a single injection of STZ and received curcumin orally for six weeks. Paraffin sections of hippocampus were prepared and stained with hematoxylin and eosin stain, and immnunohistochemical staining for GFAP and caspase-3. Morphometrical and statistical analyses were performed. Glycemic status and parameters of oxidative stress was measured. RESULTS Examination of hippocampus of diabetic rats showed disorganization of small pyramidal cells in CA1, many cellular losses in the pyramidal cells of CA3, many degenerated granule cells in the dentate gyrus. GFAP positive astrocyte and caspase-3 positive neuron counts were significantly increased. There were significant serum glucose elevation and significant lowered levels of oxidative stress parameters as compared to control rats. Curcumin administration improved the structural and serological alterations of the hippocampus with significant reduction in serum glucose level. CONCLUSION Curcumin ameliorates the deterious effect of diabetes on the hippocampus through its antioxidant, antiapoptotic and anti-inflammatory efficacies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmad El Askary
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine (New Damietta), Al Azhar University, Egypt
- Department of Clinical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, KSA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Fang P, An J, Tan X, Zeng LL, Shen H, Qiu S, Hu D. Changes in the cerebellar and cerebro-cerebellar circuit in type 2 diabetes. Brain Res Bull 2017; 130:95-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
45
|
Accumulation of α-Synuclein in Cerebellar Purkinje Cells of Diabetic Rats and Its Potential Relationship with Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Markers. Neurol Res Int 2017; 2017:5952149. [PMID: 28133547 PMCID: PMC5241473 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5952149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective. The present study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between plasma oxidative stress markers such as malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH), inflammatory marker pentraxin-3 (PTX3), and cerebellar accumulation of α-synuclein in streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced diabetes model in rats. Methods. Twelve rats were included in the study. Diabetes (n = 6) was induced with a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 60 mg/kg). Diabetes was verified after 48 h by measuring blood glucose levels. Six rats served as controls. Following 8 weeks, rats were sacrificed for biochemical and immunohistochemical evaluation. Results. Plasma MDA levels were significantly higher in diabetic rats when compared with the control rats (p < 0.01), while plasma GSH levels were lower in the diabetic group than in the control group (p < 0.01). Also, plasma pentraxin-3 levels were statistically higher in diabetic rats than in the control rats (p < 0.01). The analysis of cerebellar α-synuclein immunohistochemistry showed a significant increase in α-synuclein immunoexpression in the diabetic group compared to the control group (p < 0.01). Conclusion. Due to increased inflammation and oxidative stress in the chronic period of hyperglycemia linked to diabetes, there may be α-synuclein accumulation in the cerebellum and the plasma PTX3 levels may be assessed as an important biomarker of this situation.
Collapse
|
46
|
Farahna M, Seke Etet PF, Osman SY, Yurt KK, Amir N, Vecchio L, Aydin I, Aldebasi YH, Sheikh A, Chijuka JC, Kaplan S, Adem A. Garcinia kola aqueous suspension prevents cerebellar neurodegeneration in long-term diabetic rat - a type 1 diabetes mellitus model. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 195:159-165. [PMID: 27825990 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The development of compounds able to improve metabolic syndrome and mitigate complications caused by inappropriate glycemic control in type 1 diabetes mellitus is challenging. The medicinal plant with established hypoglycemic properties Garcinia kola Heckel might have the potential to mitigate diabetes mellitus metabolic syndrome and complications. AIM OF THE STUDY We have investigated the neuroprotective properties of a suspension of G. kola seeds in long-term type 1 diabetes mellitus rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Wistar rats, made diabetic by single injection of streptozotocin were monitored for 8 months. Then, they were administered with distilled water or G. kola oral aqueous suspension daily for 30 days. Body weight and glycemia were determined before and after treatment. After sacrifice, cerebella were dissected out and processed for stereological quantification of Purkinje cells. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses of markers of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration were performed. RESULTS Purkinje cell counts were significantly increased, and histopathological signs of apoptosis and neuroinflammation decreased, in diabetic animals treated with G. kola compared to diabetic rats given distilled water. Glycemia was also markedly improved and body weight restored to non-diabetic control values, following G. kola treatment. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that G. kola treatment improved the general condition of long-term diabetic rats and protected Purkinje cells partly by improving the systemic glycemia and mitigating neuroinflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Farahna
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, 51452 Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Paul F Seke Etet
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, 51452 Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sayed Y Osman
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, 51452 Buraydah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Al-Neelain University, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Kıymet K Yurt
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Ondokuz Mayis University, 55139 Samsun, Turkey
| | - Naheed Amir
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Lorella Vecchio
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, 51452 Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Isınsu Aydin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Ondokuz Mayis University, 55139 Samsun, Turkey
| | - Yousef H Aldebasi
- Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, 51452 Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azimullah Sheikh
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, UAE
| | - John C Chijuka
- Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, 51452 Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Süleyman Kaplan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Ondokuz Mayis University, 55139 Samsun, Turkey
| | - Abdu Adem
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, UAE.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Comparative histological study on the effect of ginger versus α-lipoic acid on the cerebellum of a male albino rat model of induced diabetes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1097/01.ehx.0000512117.56425.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
48
|
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus represents a growing international public health issue with a near quadrupling in its worldwide prevalence since 1980. Though it has many known microvascular complications, vision loss from diabetic retinopathy is one of the most devastating for affected individuals. In addition, there is increasing evidence to suggest that diabetic patients have a greater risk for glaucoma as well. Though the pathophysiology of glaucoma is not completely understood, both diabetes and glaucoma appear to share some common risk factors and pathophysiologic similarities with studies also reporting that the presence of diabetes and elevated fasting glucose levels are associated with elevated intraocular pressure-the primary risk factor for glaucomatous optic neuropathy. While no study has completely addressed the possibility of detection bias, most recent epidemiologic evidence suggests that diabetic populations are likely enriched with glaucoma patients. As the association between diabetes and glaucoma becomes better defined, routine evaluation for glaucoma in diabetic patients, particularly in the telemedicine setting, may become a reasonable consideration to reduce the risk of vision loss in these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Song
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
| | - Lloyd Paul Aiello
- Beetham Eye Institute, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, 1 Joslin Place, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Louis R Pasquale
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Shi J, Jiang K, Li Z. Involvement of spinal glutamate transporter-1 in the development of mechanical allodynia and hyperalgesia associated with type 2 diabetes. J Pain Res 2016; 9:1121-1129. [PMID: 27932896 PMCID: PMC5135479 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s118412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the effects of the development of type 2 diabetes on glutamate homeostasis in the spinal cord. Therefore, we quantified the extracellular levels of glutamate in the spinal cord of Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats using in vivo microdialysis. In addition, protein levels of glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1) in the spinal cord of ZDF rats were measured using Western blot. Finally, the effects of repeated intrathecal injections of ceftriaxone, which was previously shown to enhance GLT-1 expression, on the development of mechanical allodynia and hyperalgesia as well as on basal extracellular level of glutamate and the expression of GLT-1 in the spinal cord of ZDF rats were evaluated. It was found that ZDF rats developed mechanical hyperalgesia and allodynia, which were associated with increased basal extracellular levels of glutamate and attenuated levels of GLT-1 expression in the spinal cord, particularly in the dorsal horn. Furthermore, repeated intrathecal administrations of ceftriaxone dose-dependently prevented the development of mechanical hyperalgesia and allodynia in ZDF rats, which were correlated with enhanced GLT-1 expression without altering the basal glutamate levels in the spinal cord of ZDF rats. Overall, the results suggested that impaired glutamate reuptake in the spinal cord may contribute to the development of neuropathic pains in type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinshan Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital
| | - Ke Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang
| | - Zhaoduan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Wongchitrat P, Lansubsakul N, Kamsrijai U, Sae-Ung K, Mukda S, Govitrapong P. Melatonin attenuates the high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced reduction in rat hippocampal neurogenesis. Neurochem Int 2016; 100:97-109. [PMID: 27620814 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A deviant level of melatonin in blood circulation has been associated with the development of diabetes and with learning and memory deficiencies. Melatonin might have an important function in diabetes control; however, the mechanism of melatonin in diabetes remains unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the hyperglycemic condition induced by high-fat diet (HFD) feeding and streptozotocin (STZ) injection and to examine the effect of melatonin on adult hippocampal functions. HFD-fed and STZ-treated rats significantly increased blood glucose level. The present study showed that HFD-fed and STZ-treated rats significantly impaired memory in the Morris Water Maze task, reduced neurogenesis in the hippocampus shown by a reduction in nestin, doublecortin (DCX) and β-III tubulin immunoreactivities, reduced axon terminal markers, synaptophysin, reduced dendritic marker including postsynaptic density 95 (PSD-95) and the glutamate receptor subunit NR2A. Moreover, a significant downregulation of melatonin receptor, insulin receptor-β (IR-β) and both p-IR-β and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK) occurred in HFD-fed and STZ-treated rats, while the level of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) increased. Treatment of melatonin, rats had shorter escape latencies and remained in the target quadrant longer compared to the HFD-fed and STZ-treated rats. Melatonin attenuated the reduction of neurogenesis, synaptogenesis and the induction of astrogliosis. Moreover, melatonin countered the reduction of melatonin receptor, insulin receptor and downstream signaling pathway for insulin. Our data suggested that the dysfunction of insulin signaling pathway occurred in the diabetes may provide a convergent mechanism of hippocampal impaired neurogenesis and synaptogenesis lead to impair memory while melatonin reverses these effects, suggesting that melatonin may reduce the pathogenesis of diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prapimpun Wongchitrat
- Center for Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Niyada Lansubsakul
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakon Pathom, 73170, Thailand; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Utcharaporn Kamsrijai
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Kwankanit Sae-Ung
- Innovative Learning Center, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110, Thailand
| | - Sujira Mukda
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Piyarat Govitrapong
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakon Pathom, 73170, Thailand; Center for Neuroscience and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|