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Tsolias A, Zhou Y, Mojica CA, Sakharkar M, Tsolias MZ, Moore TL, Rosene DL, Medalla M. Neuroanatomical Substrates of Circuit-Specific Cholinergic Modulation across the Primate Anterior Cingulate Cortex. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e0953232024. [PMID: 38719447 PMCID: PMC11170673 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0953-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Acetylcholine is a robust neuromodulator of the limbic system and a critical regulator of arousal and emotions. The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the amygdala (AMY) are key limbic structures that are both densely innervated by cholinergic afferents and interact with each other for emotional regulation. The ACC is composed of functionally distinct dorsal (A24), rostral (A32), and ventral (A25) areas that differ in their connections with the AMY. The structural substrates of cholinergic modulation of distinct ACC microcircuits and outputs to AMY are thought to depend on the laminar and subcellular localization of cholinergic receptors. The present study examines the distribution of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, m1 and m2, on distinct excitatory and inhibitory neurons and on AMY-targeting projection neurons within ACC areas, via immunohistochemistry and injections of neural tracers into the basolateral AMY in adult rhesus monkeys of both sexes. We found that laminar densities of m1+ and m2+ expressing excitatory and inhibitory neurons depended on area and cell type. Among the ACC areas, ventral subgenual ACC A25 exhibited greater m2+ localization on presynaptic inhibitory axon terminals and greater density of m1+ and m2+ expressing AMY-targeting (tracer+) pyramidal neurons. These patterns suggest robust cholinergic disinhibition and potentiation of amygdalar outputs from the limbic ventral ACC, which may be linked to the hyperexcitability of this subgenual ACC area in depression. These findings reveal the anatomical substrate of diverse cholinergic modulation of specific ACC microcircuits and amygdalar outputs that mediate cognitive-emotional integration and dysfunctions underlying stress and affective disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Tsolias
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | - Yuxin Zhou
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | - Chromewell A Mojica
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | - Mitali Sakharkar
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | - Marianna Z Tsolias
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | - Tara L Moore
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Douglas L Rosene
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Maria Medalla
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
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2
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Mahrach A, Bestue D, Qi XL, Constantinidis C, Compte A. Cholinergic Neuromodulation of Prefrontal Attractor Dynamics Controls Performance in Spatial Working Memory. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e1225232024. [PMID: 38641409 PMCID: PMC11154852 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1225-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The behavioral and neural effects of the endogenous release of acetylcholine following stimulation of the nucleus basalis (NB) of Meynert have been recently examined in two male monkeys (Qi et al., 2021). Counterintuitively, NB stimulation enhanced behavioral performance while broadening neural tuning in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). The mechanism by which a weaker mnemonic neural code could lead to better performance remains unclear. Here, we show that increased neural excitability in a simple continuous bump attractor model can induce broader neural tuning and decrease bump diffusion, provided neural rates are saturated. Increased memory precision in the model overrides memory accuracy, improving overall task performance. Moreover, we show that bump attractor dynamics can account for the nonuniform impact of neuromodulation on distractibility, depending on distractor distance from the target. Finally, we delve into the conditions under which bump attractor tuning and diffusion balance in biologically plausible heterogeneous network models. In these discrete bump attractor networks, we show that reducing spatial correlations or enhancing excitatory transmission can improve memory precision. Altogether, we provide a mechanistic understanding of how cholinergic neuromodulation controls spatial working memory through perturbed attractor dynamics in the PFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Mahrach
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - David Bestue
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Xue-Lian Qi
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
| | | | - Albert Compte
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona 08036, Spain
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3
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Sanda P, Hlinka J, van den Berg M, Skoch A, Bazhenov M, Keliris GA, Krishnan GP. Cholinergic modulation supports dynamic switching of resting state networks through selective DMN suppression. PLoS Comput Biol 2024; 20:e1012099. [PMID: 38843298 PMCID: PMC11185486 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1012099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Brain activity during the resting state is widely used to examine brain organization, cognition and alterations in disease states. While it is known that neuromodulation and the state of alertness impact resting-state activity, neural mechanisms behind such modulation of resting-state activity are unknown. In this work, we used a computational model to demonstrate that change in excitability and recurrent connections, due to cholinergic modulation, impacts resting-state activity. The results of such modulation in the model match closely with experimental work on direct cholinergic modulation of Default Mode Network (DMN) in rodents. We further extended our study to the human connectome derived from diffusion-weighted MRI. In human resting-state simulations, an increase in cholinergic input resulted in a brain-wide reduction of functional connectivity. Furthermore, selective cholinergic modulation of DMN closely captured experimentally observed transitions between the baseline resting state and states with suppressed DMN fluctuations associated with attention to external tasks. Our study thus provides insight into potential neural mechanisms for the effects of cholinergic neuromodulation on resting-state activity and its dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Sanda
- Institute of Computer Science of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Hlinka
- Institute of Computer Science of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Monica van den Berg
- Bio-Imaging Lab, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- μNEURO Research Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Antonin Skoch
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
- MR Unit, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Maxim Bazhenov
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Georgios A. Keliris
- Bio-Imaging Lab, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Institute of Computer Science, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Giri P. Krishnan
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
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4
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Kipp BT, Savage LM. Modulation of the p75NTR during Adolescent Alcohol Exposure Prevents Cholinergic Neuronal Atrophy and Associated Acetylcholine Activity and Behavioral Dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5792. [PMID: 38891978 PMCID: PMC11172149 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Binge alcohol consumption during adolescence can produce lasting deficits in learning and memory while also increasing the susceptibility to substance use disorders. The adolescent intermittent ethanol (AIE) rodent model mimics human adolescent binge drinking and has identified the nucleus basalis magnocellularis (NbM) as a key site of pathology. The NbM is a critical regulator of prefrontal cortical (PFC) cholinergic function and attention. The cholinergic phenotype is controlled pro/mature neurotrophin receptor activation. We sought to determine if p75NTR activity contributes to the loss of cholinergic phenotype in AIE by using a p75NTR modulator (LM11A-31) to inhibit prodegenerative signaling during ethanol exposure. Male and female rats underwent 5 g/kg ethanol (AIE) or water (CON) exposure following 2-day-on 2-day-off cycles from postnatal day 25-57. A subset of these groups also received a protective dose of LM11A-31 (50 mg/kg) during adolescence. Rats were trained on a sustained attention task (SAT) and behaviorally relevant acetylcholine (ACh) activity was recorded in the PFC with a fluorescent indicator (AChGRAB 3.0). AIE produced learning deficits on the SAT, which were spared with LM11A-31. In addition, PFC ACh activity was blunted by AIE, which LM11A-31 corrected. Investigation of NbM ChAT+ and TrkA+ neuronal expression found that AIE led to a reduction of ChAT+TrkA+ neurons, which again LM11A-31 protected. Taken together, these findings demonstrate the p75NTR activity during AIE treatment is a key regulator of cholinergic degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lisa M. Savage
- Department of Psychology, Binghamton University-State University of New York, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA;
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5
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Pickford J, Iosif CI, Bashir ZI, Apps R. Inhibiting cholinergic signalling in the cerebellar interpositus nucleus impairs motor behaviour. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:2208-2224. [PMID: 37455360 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The role of neuromodulators in the cerebellum is not well understood. In particular, the behavioural significance of the cholinergic system in the cerebellum is unknown. To investigate the importance of cerebellar cholinergic signalling in behaviour, we infused acetylcholine receptor antagonists, scopolamine and mecamylamine, bilaterally into the rat cerebellum (centred on interpositus nucleus) and observed the motor effects through a battery of behavioural tests. These tests included unrewarded behaviour during open field exploration and a horizontal ladder walking task and reward-based beam walking and pellet reaching tasks. Infusion of a mix of the antagonists did not impair motor learning in the horizontal ladder walking or the reaching task but reduced spontaneous movement during open field exploration, impaired coordination during beam walking and ladder walking, led to fewer reaches in the pellet reaching task, slowed goal-directed reaching behaviour and reduced reward pellet consumption in a free access to food task. Infusion of the muscarinic antagonist scopolamine on its own resulted in deficits in motor performance and a reduction in the number of reward pellets consumed in the free access to food task. By contrast, infusion of the nicotinic antagonist mecamylamine on its own had no significant effect on any task, except beam walking traversal time, which was reduced. Together, these data suggest that acetylcholine in the cerebellar interpositus nucleus is important for the execution and coordination of voluntary movements mainly via muscarinic receptor signalling, especially in relation to reward-related behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Pickford
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Cristiana I Iosif
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Zafar I Bashir
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Richard Apps
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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6
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Kipp BT, Lisa MS. Modulation of the p75NTR during adolescent alcohol exposure prevents cholinergic neuronal atrophy and associated acetylcholine activity and behavioral dysfunction. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.03.587970. [PMID: 38617368 PMCID: PMC11014512 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.03.587970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Binge alcohol consumption during adolescence produces lasting deficits in learning and memory, while also increasing the susceptibility to substance use disorders. The adolescent intermittent ethanol (AIE) rodent model mimics human adolescent binge drinking and has identified the Nucleus Basalis Magnocellularis (NbM) as a key site of pathology. The NbM is a critical regulator of prefrontal cortical (PFC) cholinergic function and attention. The cholinergic phenotype is controlled pro/mature neurotrophin receptor activation. We sought to determine if p75NTR activity contributes to the loss of cholinergic phenotype in AIE by using a p75NTR modulator (LM11A-31) to inhibit prodegenerative signaling during ethanol exposure. Male and female rats underwent 5g/kg ethanol (AIE) or water (CON) exposure following 2-day-on 2-day-off cycles from PND 25-57. A subset of these groups also received a protective dose of LM11A-31 (50mg/kg) during adolescence. Rats were trained on a sustained attention task (SAT) while recording activity with a fluorescent acetylcholine indicator (AChGRAB 3.0). AIE produced learning deficits on the SAT, which were spared with LM11A-31. In addition, mPFC ACh activity was blunted by AIE, which LM11A-31 corrected. Investigation of NbM ChAT+ and TrkA+ neuronal expression found that AIE led to a reduction of ChAT+TrkA+ neurons, which again LM11A-31 protected. Taken together these findings demonstrate the p75NTR activity during AIE treatment is a key regulator of cholinergic degeneration.
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7
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Dai W, Guo X, Cai W, Zheng Y, Chen Y, Zhu Y, Tian X. Preliminary study of the consciousness-promotion mechanism of electroacupuncture in comatose patients with diffuse axonal injuries. J Neurosurg Sci 2024; 68:186-194. [PMID: 33709661 DOI: 10.23736/s0390-5616.21.05236-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) accounts for 30-40% of total neurotrauma cases, and the majority among them manifest with consciousness disturbance. At present, the understanding of the treatment of coma and awakening in patients with DAIs is still limited. This study is characterized by the use of electroacupuncture along with conventional Western medicine to promote consciousness more effectively in comatose patients with DAIs, shorten their time spent in a coma, and gain time for more favorable treatments during follow-up rehabilitation in order to improve the cure rate, reduce the morbidity rate, and achieve better therapeutic effects. METHODS In this randomized controlled study, 145 comatose patients with DAIs (type III) were divided into the treatment group (N.=71) and control group (N.=74). The patients in the control group were treated with conventional Western medicine, while those in the treatment group were treated with both electroacupuncture and conventional treatment. The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores and consciousness-promotion rates of both groups were observed before treatment as well as 10, 20, and 30 days after treatment. Meanwhile, serum acetylcholinesterase E (AchE) concentrations in both groups were measured with ELISA, while AchE activity was determined with the rate method. Correlations between GCS score, AchE concentration, and AchE activity in the treatment group were analyzed by using the stepwise multiple regression method. RESULTS The GCS scores in the treatment group showed significant increases after the first, second, and third courses of treatment when compared to the pre-treatment scores (P<0.05). After 1 course of treatment, the GCS scores in the control group were not statistically significantly different compared to the pre-treatment scores (P>0.05), whereas after 2 and 3 courses of treatment, the differences were of greater statistical significance (P<0.05). Statistically significant differences between the two groups were found in GCS scores in the same course of treatment (P<0.05). The consciousness-promotion rates between the two groups after the same treatment course were statistically significantly different (P<0.05). Both the standardized regression coefficients and partial correlation coefficients showed that AchE concentration had a certain influence on GCS score (|Beta|=0.3601; r Y2.1=0.726). CONCLUSIONS Conventional Western medicine combined with electroacupuncture treatment may promote the consciousness of patients with DAIs and shorten the amount of time they spend comatose. Furthermore, the neurotransmitter AchE may play a role in the pathophysiological mechanism of consciousness promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weichuan Dai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinjiang Municipal Hospital, Jinjiang, China -
| | - Xieli Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinjiang Municipal Hospital, Jinjiang, China
| | - Wenhua Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinjiang Municipal Hospital, Jinjiang, China
| | - Yanfei Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinjiang Municipal Hospital, Jinjiang, China
| | - Yingxian Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinjiang Municipal Hospital, Jinjiang, China
| | - Yuyan Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinjiang Municipal Hospital, Jinjiang, China
| | - Xiayang Tian
- Department of Rehabilitation, Jinjiang Municipal Hospital, Jinjiang, China
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8
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Vh AR, Ea RO, T HF, M FL, C A, E G, J B. Role of M 4 -receptor cholinergic signaling in direct pathway striatal projection neurons during dopamine depletion. Synapse 2024; 78:e22287. [PMID: 38427384 DOI: 10.1002/syn.22287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Direct pathway striatal projection neurons (dSPNs) are characterized by the expression of dopamine (DA) class 1 receptors (D1 R), as well as cholinergic muscarinic M1 and M4 receptors (M1 R, M4 R). D1 R enhances neuronal firing through phosphorylation of voltage-gate calcium channels (CaV 1 Ca2+ channels) activating Gs proteins and protein kinase A (PKA). Concurrently, PKA suppresses phosphatase PP-1 through DARPP-32, thus extending this facilitatory modulation. M1 R also influences Ca2+ channels in SPNs through Gq proteins and protein kinase C. However, the signaling mechanisms of M4 R in dSPNs are less understood. Two pathways are attributed to M4 R: an inhibitory one through Gi/o proteins, and a facilitatory one via the cyclin Cdk5. Our study reveals that a previously observed facilitatory modulation via CaV 1 Ca2+ channels is linked to the Cdk5 pathway in dSPNs. This result could be significant in treating parkinsonism. Therefore, we questioned whether this effect persists post DA-depletion in experimental parkinsonism. Our findings indicate that in such conditions, M4 R activation leads to a decrease in Ca2+ current and an increased M4 R protein level, contrasting with the control response. Nevertheless, parkinsonian and control actions are inhibited by the Cdk5 inhibitor roscovitine, suggesting Cdk5's role in both conditions. Cdk5 may activate PP-1 via PKA inhibition in DA depletion. Indeed, we found that inhibiting PP-1 restores control M4 R actions, implying that PP-1 is overly active via M4 Rs in DA-depleted condition. These insights contribute to understanding how DA-depletion alters modulatory signaling in striatal neurons. Additional working hypotheses are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avilés-Rosas Vh
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, División de Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Rendón-Ochoa Ea
- Laboratorio de Psicofarmacología, Unidad de Investigación Interdisciplinaria y de Ciencias de la Salud y Educación, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, México
| | - Hernández-Flores T
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, División de Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Flores-León M
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Arias C
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Galarraga E
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, División de Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Bargas J
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, División de Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
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Knudstrup SG, Martinez C, Rauscher BC, Doran PR, Fomin-Thunemann N, Kilic K, Jiang J, Devor A, Thunemann M, Gavornik JP. Visual stimulation drives retinotopic acetylcholine release in the mouse visual cortex. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.04.578821. [PMID: 38352456 PMCID: PMC10862925 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.04.578821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Cholinergic signaling is involved with a variety of brain functions including learning and memory, attention, and behavioral state modulation. The spatiotemporal characteristics of neocortical acetylcholine (ACh) release in response to sensory inputs are poorly understood, but a lack of intra-region topographic organization of cholinergic projections from the basal forebrain has suggested diffuse release patterns and volume transmission. Here, we use mesoscopic imaging of fluorescent ACh sensors to show that visual stimulation results in ACh release patterns that conform to a retinotopic map of visual space in the mouse primary visual cortex, suggesting new modes of functional cholinergic signaling in cortical circuits.x.
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10
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Pérez-González D, Lao-Rodríguez AB, Aedo-Sánchez C, Malmierca MS. Acetylcholine modulates the precision of prediction error in the auditory cortex. eLife 2024; 12:RP91475. [PMID: 38241174 PMCID: PMC10942646 DOI: 10.7554/elife.91475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
A fundamental property of sensory systems is their ability to detect novel stimuli in the ambient environment. The auditory brain contains neurons that decrease their response to repetitive sounds but increase their firing rate to novel or deviant stimuli; the difference between both responses is known as stimulus-specific adaptation or neuronal mismatch (nMM). Here, we tested the effect of microiontophoretic applications of ACh on the neuronal responses in the auditory cortex (AC) of anesthetized rats during an auditory oddball paradigm, including cascade controls. Results indicate that ACh modulates the nMM, affecting prediction error responses but not repetition suppression, and this effect is manifested predominantly in infragranular cortical layers. The differential effect of ACh on responses to standards, relative to deviants (in terms of averages and variances), was consistent with the representational sharpening that accompanies an increase in the precision of prediction errors. These findings suggest that ACh plays an important role in modulating prediction error signaling in the AC and gating the access of these signals to higher cognitive levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Pérez-González
- Cognitive and Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience of Castilla y León, Calle Pintor Fernando GallegoSalamancaSpain
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL)SalamancaSpain
- Department of Basic Psychology, Psychobiology and Behavioural Science Methodology, Faculty of Psychology, Campus Ciudad Jardín, University of SalamancaSalamancaSpain
| | - Ana Belén Lao-Rodríguez
- Cognitive and Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience of Castilla y León, Calle Pintor Fernando GallegoSalamancaSpain
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL)SalamancaSpain
| | - Cristian Aedo-Sánchez
- Cognitive and Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience of Castilla y León, Calle Pintor Fernando GallegoSalamancaSpain
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL)SalamancaSpain
| | - Manuel S Malmierca
- Cognitive and Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience of Castilla y León, Calle Pintor Fernando GallegoSalamancaSpain
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL)SalamancaSpain
- Department of Biology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, University of SalamancaSalamancaSpain
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11
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Mahrach A, Bestue D, Qi XL, Constantinidis C, Compte A. Cholinergic neuromodulation of prefrontal attractor dynamics controls performance in spatial working memory. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.17.576071. [PMID: 38293215 PMCID: PMC10827212 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.17.576071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
The behavioral and neural effects of the endogenous release of acetylcholine following stimulation of the Nucleus Basalis of Meynert (NB) have been recently examined (Qi et al. 2021). Counterintuitively, NB stimulation enhanced behavioral performance while broadening neural tuning in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). The mechanism by which a weaker mnemonic neural code could lead to better performance remains unclear. Here, we show that increased neural excitability in a simple continuous bump attractor model can induce broader neural tuning and decrease bump diffusion, provided neural rates are saturated. Increased memory precision in the model overrides memory accuracy, improving overall task performance. Moreover, we show that bump attractor dynamics can account for the nonuniform impact of neuromodulation on distractibility, depending on distractor distance from the target. Finally, we delve into the conditions under which bump attractor tuning and diffusion balance in biologically plausible heterogeneous network models. In these discrete bump attractor networks, we show that reducing spatial correlations or enhancing excitatory transmission can improve memory precision. Altogether, we provide a mechanistic understanding of how cholinergic neuromodulation controls spatial working memory through perturbed attractor dynamics in PFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Mahrach
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Bestue
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xue-Lian Qi
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | | | - Albert Compte
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
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12
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Gott JA, Stücker S, Kanske P, Haaker J, Dresler M. Acetylcholine and metacognition during sleep. Conscious Cogn 2024; 117:103608. [PMID: 38042119 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2023.103608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter and neuromodulator involved in a variety of cognitive functions. Additionally, acetylcholine is involved in the regulation of REM sleep: cholinergic neurons in the brainstem and basal forebrain project to and innervate wide areas of the cerebral cortex, and reciprocally interact with other neuromodulatory systems, to produce the sleep-wake cycle and different sleep stages. Consciousness and cognition vary considerably across and within sleep stages, with metacognitive capacity being strikingly reduced even during aesthetically and emotionally rich dream experiences. A notable exception is the phenomenon of lucid dreaming-a rare state whereby waking levels of metacognitive awareness are restored during sleep-resulting in individuals becoming aware of the fact that they are dreaming. The role of neurotransmitters in these fluctuations of consciousness and cognition during sleep is still poorly understood. While recent studies using acetylcholinesterase inhibitors suggest a potential role of acetylcholine in the occurrence of lucid dreaming, the underlying mechanisms by which this effect is produced remains un-modelled and unknown; with the causal link between cholinergic mechanisms and upstream psychological states being complex and elusive. Several theories and approaches targeting the association between acetylcholine and metacognition during wakefulness and sleep are highlighted in this review, moving through microscopic, mesoscopic and macroscopic levels of analysis to detail this phenomenon at several organisational scales. Several exploratory hypotheses will be developed to guide future research towards fully articulating how metacognition is affected by activity at the acetylcholine receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarrod A Gott
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Sina Stücker
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Philipp Kanske
- Clinical Psychology and Behavioral Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jan Haaker
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Dresler
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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13
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Aroniadou-Anderjaska V, Figueiredo TH, de Araujo Furtado M, Pidoplichko VI, Braga MFM. Mechanisms of Organophosphate Toxicity and the Role of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition. TOXICS 2023; 11:866. [PMID: 37888716 PMCID: PMC10611379 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11100866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphorus compounds (OPs) have applications in agriculture (e.g., pesticides), industry (e.g., flame retardants), and chemical warfare (nerve agents). In high doses or chronic exposure, they can be toxic or lethal. The primary mechanism, common among all OPs, that initiates their toxic effects is the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase. In acute OP exposure, the subsequent surge of acetylcholine in cholinergic synapses causes a peripheral cholinergic crisis and status epilepticus (SE), either of which can lead to death. If death is averted without effective seizure control, long-term brain damage ensues. This review describes the mechanisms by which elevated acetylcholine can cause respiratory failure and trigger SE; the role of the amygdala in seizure initiation; the role of M1 muscarinic receptors in the early stages of SE; the neurotoxic pathways activated by SE (excitotoxicity/Ca++ overload/oxidative stress, neuroinflammation); and neurotoxic mechanisms linked to low-dose, chronic exposure (Ca++ dyshomeostasis/oxidative stress, inflammation), which do not depend on SE and do not necessarily involve acetylcholinesterase inhibition. The evidence so far indicates that brain damage from acute OP exposure is a direct result of SE, while the neurotoxic mechanisms activated by low-dose chronic exposure are independent of SE and may not be associated with acetylcholinesterase inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassiliki Aroniadou-Anderjaska
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (V.A.-A.); (V.I.P.)
- Department of Psychiatry, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Taiza H. Figueiredo
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (V.A.-A.); (V.I.P.)
| | - Marcio de Araujo Furtado
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (V.A.-A.); (V.I.P.)
| | - Volodymyr I. Pidoplichko
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (V.A.-A.); (V.I.P.)
| | - Maria F. M. Braga
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (V.A.-A.); (V.I.P.)
- Department of Psychiatry, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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14
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Montigné E, Balayssac D. Exploring Cholinergic Compounds for Peripheral Neuropathic Pain Management: A Comprehensive Scoping Review of Rodent Model Studies. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1363. [PMID: 37895835 PMCID: PMC10609809 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain affects about 7-8% of the population, and its management still poses challenges with unmet needs. Over the past decades, researchers have explored the cholinergic system (muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: mAChR and nAChR) and compounds targeting these receptors as potential analgesics for neuropathic pain management. This scoping review aims to provide an overview of studies on peripheral neuropathic pain (PNP) in rodent models, exploring compounds targeting cholinergic neurotransmission. The inclusion criteria were original articles on PNP in rodent models that explored the use of compounds directly targeting cholinergic neurotransmission and reported results of nociceptive behavioral assays. The literature search was performed in the PubMed and Web of Science databases (1 January 2000-22 April 2023). The selection process yielded 82 publications, encompassing 62 compounds. The most studied compounds were agonists of α4β2 nAChR and α7 nAChR, and antagonists of α9/α10 nAChR, along with those increasing acetylcholine and targeting mAChRs. Studies mainly reported antinociceptive effects in traumatic PNP models, and to a lesser extent, chemotherapy-induced neuropathy or diabetic models. These preclinical studies underscore the considerable potential of cholinergic compounds in the management of PNP, warranting the initiation of clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edouard Montigné
- INSERM, U1107, NEURO-DOL, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
| | - David Balayssac
- INSERM, U1107, NEURO-DOL, Université Clermont Auvergne, Direction de la Recherche Clinique et de l’Innovation, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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15
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Moussa N, Dayoub N. Exploring the role of COX-2 in Alzheimer's disease: Potential therapeutic implications of COX-2 inhibitors. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:101729. [PMID: 37638222 PMCID: PMC10448476 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This review highlights the potential role of cyclooxygenase-2 enzyme (COX-2) in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the potential therapeutic use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in the management of AD. In addition to COX-2 enzymes role in inflammation, the formation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain, the review emphasizes that COXs-2 have a crucial role in normal synaptic activity and plasticity, and have a relationship with acetylcholine, tau protein, and beta-amyloid (Aβ) which are the main causes of Alzheimer's disease. Furthermore, the review points out that COX-2 enzymes have a relationship with kinase enzymes, including Cyclin Dependent Kinase 5 (CDK5) and Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β (GSK3β), which are known to play a role in tau phosphorylation and are strongly associated with Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, the use of drugs like NSAIDs may be a hopeful approach for managing AD. However, results from studies examining the effectiveness of NSAIDs in treating AD have been mixed and further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms by which COX-2 and NSAIDs may be involved in the development and progression of AD and to identify new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Moussa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Control, University of Manara, Latakia, Syria
| | - Ninar Dayoub
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of AL Andalus for Medical Science, Tartus, Syria
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16
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Alcaide Martin A, Mayerl S. Local Thyroid Hormone Action in Brain Development. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12352. [PMID: 37569727 PMCID: PMC10418487 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Proper brain development essentially depends on the timed availability of sufficient amounts of thyroid hormone (TH). This, in turn, necessitates a tightly regulated expression of TH signaling components such as TH transporters, deiodinases, and TH receptors in a brain region- and cell-specific manner from early developmental stages onwards. Abnormal TH levels during critical stages, as well as mutations in TH signaling components that alter the global and/or local thyroidal state, result in detrimental consequences for brain development and neurological functions that involve alterations in central neurotransmitter systems. Thus, the question as to how TH signaling is implicated in the development and maturation of different neurotransmitter and neuromodulator systems has gained increasing attention. In this review, we first summarize the current knowledge on the regulation of TH signaling components during brain development. We then present recent advances in our understanding on how altered TH signaling compromises the development of cortical glutamatergic neurons, inhibitory GABAergic interneurons, cholinergic and dopaminergic neurons. Thereby, we highlight novel mechanistic insights and point out open questions in this evolving research field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steffen Mayerl
- Department of Endocrinology Diabetes & Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
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17
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Palumbo TB, Miwa JM. Lynx1 and the family of endogenous mammalian neurotoxin-like proteins and their roles in modulating nAChR function. Pharmacol Res 2023; 194:106845. [PMID: 37437646 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
The promise of nicotinic receptors as a therapeutic target has yet to be fully realized, despite solid data supporting their involvement in neurological and neuropsychiatric diseases. The reasons for this are likely complex and manifold, having to do with the widespread action of the cholinergic system and the biophysical mechanism of action of nicotinic receptors leading to fast desensitization and down-regulation. Conventional drug development strategies tend to focus on receptor subtype-specific action of candidate therapeutics, although the broad agonist, nicotine, is being explored in the clinic. The potential negative effects of nicotine make the search for alternate strategies warranted. Prototoxins are a promising yet little-explored avenue of nicotinic receptor drug development. Nicotinic receptors in the brain belong to a complex of proteins, including those that bind to the extracellular face of the receptor, as well as chaperones that bind the intracellular domain, etc. Lynx prototoxins have allosteric modularity effects on receptor function and number and have been implicated in complex in vivo processes such as neuroplasticity, learning, and memory. Their mechanism of action and binding specificity on sets of nAChR subtypes present intriguing possibilities for more efficacious and nuanced therapeutic targeting than nicotinic receptor subtypes alone. An allosteric drug may restrict its actions to physiologically relevant time points, which tend to be correlated with salient events which would be encoded into long-term memory storage. Rather than blanketing the brain with a steady and prolonged elevation of agonist, an allosteric nAChR compound could avoid side effects and loss of efficacy over time. This review details the potential strengths and challenges of prototoxin proteins as therapeutic targets, and some of the utility of such therapeutics based on the emerging understanding of cholinergic signaling in a growing number of complex neural processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talulla B Palumbo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, 111 Research Dr., Iacocca Hall, B-217, Bethlehem PA, USA.
| | - Julie M Miwa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, 111 Research Dr., Iacocca Hall, B-217, Bethlehem PA, USA.
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18
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Compans B, Burrone J. Chandelier cells shine a light on the formation of GABAergic synapses. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2023; 80:102697. [PMID: 36907075 PMCID: PMC10682383 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Uncovering the wiring rules employed by neurons during development represents a formidable challenge with important repercussions for neurodevelopmental disorders. Chandelier cells (ChCs) are a singular GABAergic interneuron type, with a unique morphology, that have recently begun to shed light on the rules that drive the formation and plasticity of inhibitory synapses. This review will focus on the wealth of recent data charting the emergence of synapses formed by ChCs onto pyramidal cells, from the molecules involved to the plasticity of these connections during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Compans
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology and MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Hospital Campus, London, SE1 1UL, London, UK. https://twitter.com/jbneuro
| | - Juan Burrone
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology and MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Hospital Campus, London, SE1 1UL, London, UK.
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19
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Masoumi N, Ghollasi M, Raheleh Halabian, Eftekhari E, Ghiasi M. Carbachol, along with calcium, indicates new strategy in neural differentiation of human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. Regen Ther 2023; 23:60-66. [PMID: 37122359 PMCID: PMC10130343 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Over the past few years, stem cells have represented a promising treatment in neurological disorders due to the well-defined characteristics of their capability to proliferate and differentiate into any cell type, both in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, previous studies have shown that calcium signaling modulates the proliferation and differentiation of neural progenitor cells. The present study investigated the effect of carbachol (CCh), a cholinergic agonist activating acetylcholine receptors, with and without calcium, on the neural differentiation of human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADSCs) in neural media, including forskolin and 3-isobutyl-1-methyl-xanthine and retinoic acid. METHODS For this purpose, first, the MTT assay and acridine orange staining were studied to obtain the optimal concentration of CCh. Next, the differentiation tests, such as cellular calcium assay as well as evaluation of qualitative and quantitative expression of neuronal index markers through immunofluorescence staining and gene expression analysis, respectively, were performed on days 7 and 14 of the differentiation period. RESULTS According to the results, CCh at 1 μM concentration had no cytotoxicity on hADSCs and also induced cell proliferation. Furthermore, CCh with and without calcium increased the expression of neural-specific genes (NSE, MAP2, β-III-tubulin, and MAPK3) and proteins (γ-enolase, MAP2, and β-III-tubulin) as well as the amount of calcium in differentiated hADSCs at 7 and 14 days after induction. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the findings suggest that CCh acts as an influential therapeutic factor in the field of neural regenerative medicine and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Masoumi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Ghollasi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Raheleh Halabian
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elahe Eftekhari
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Ghiasi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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20
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Ghimire M, Cai R, Ling L, Brownell KA, Wisner KW, Cox BC, Hackett TA, Brozoski TJ, Caspary DM. Desensitizing nicotinic agents normalize tinnitus-related inhibitory dysfunction in the auditory cortex and ameliorate behavioral evidence of tinnitus. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1197909. [PMID: 37304018 PMCID: PMC10248052 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1197909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Tinnitus impacts between 10-20% of the population. Individuals most troubled by their tinnitus have their attention bound to and are distracted by, their tinnitus percept. While numerous treatments to ameliorate tinnitus have been tried, no therapeutic approach has been clinically accepted. The present study used an established condition-suppression noise-exposure rat model of tinnitus to: (1) examine tinnitus-related changes in nAChR function of layer 5 pyramidal (PNs) and of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) neurons in primary auditory cortex (A1) and (2) examine how the partial desensitizing nAChR agonists, sazetidine-A and varenicline, can act as potential therapeutic agents in the treatment of tinnitus. We posited that tinnitus-related changes in layer 5 nAChR responses may underpin the decline in attentional resources previously observed in this animal model (Brozoski et al., 2019). In vitro whole-cell patch-clamp studies previously revealed a significant tinnitus-related loss in nAChR-evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents from A1 layer 5 PNs. In contrast, VIP neurons from animals with behavioral evidence of tinnitus showed significantly increased nAChR-evoked excitability. Here we hypothesize that sazetidine-A and varenicline have therapeutic benefits for subjects who cannot divert their attention away from the phantom sound in their heads. We found that sazetidine-A or varenicline normalized tinnitus-related reductions in GABAergic input currents onto A1 layer 5 PNs. We then tested sazetidine-A and varenicline for the management of tinnitus using our tinnitus animal model. Subcutaneous injection of sazetidine-A or varenicline, 1 h prior to tinnitus testing, significantly decreased the rat's behavioral evidence of tinnitus in a dose-dependent manner. Collectively, these results support the need for additional clinical investigations of partial desensitizing nAChR agonists sazetidine-A and varenicline for the treatment of tinnitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madan Ghimire
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States
| | - Rui Cai
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States
| | - Lynne Ling
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States
| | - Kevin A. Brownell
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States
| | - Kurt W. Wisner
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States
| | - Brandon C. Cox
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States
| | - Troy A. Hackett
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Thomas J. Brozoski
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States
| | - Donald M. Caspary
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States
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21
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Ananth MR, Rajebhosale P, Kim R, Talmage DA, Role LW. Basal forebrain cholinergic signalling: development, connectivity and roles in cognition. Nat Rev Neurosci 2023; 24:233-251. [PMID: 36823458 PMCID: PMC10439770 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-023-00677-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Acetylcholine plays an essential role in fundamental aspects of cognition. Studies that have mapped the activity and functional connectivity of cholinergic neurons have shown that the axons of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons innervate the pallium with far more topographical and functional organization than was historically appreciated. Together with the results of studies using new probes that allow release of acetylcholine to be detected with high spatial and temporal resolution, these findings have implicated cholinergic networks in 'binding' diverse behaviours that contribute to cognition. Here, we review recent findings on the developmental origins, connectivity and function of cholinergic neurons, and explore the participation of cholinergic signalling in the encoding of cognition-related behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mala R Ananth
- Section on Circuits, Synapses, and Molecular Signalling, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Prithviraj Rajebhosale
- Section on Genetics of Neuronal Signalling, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ronald Kim
- Section on Genetics of Neuronal Signalling, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David A Talmage
- Section on Genetics of Neuronal Signalling, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lorna W Role
- Section on Circuits, Synapses, and Molecular Signalling, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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22
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Katz BM, Walton LR, Houston KM, Cerri DH, Shih YYI. Putative neurochemical and cell type contributions to hemodynamic activity in the rodent caudate putamen. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2023; 43:481-498. [PMID: 36448509 PMCID: PMC10063835 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x221142533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is widely used by researchers to noninvasively monitor brain-wide activity. The traditional assumption of a uniform relationship between neuronal and hemodynamic activity throughout the brain has been increasingly challenged. This relationship is now believed to be impacted by heterogeneously distributed cell types and neurochemical signaling. To date, most cell-type- and neurotransmitter-specific influences on hemodynamics have been examined within the cortex and hippocampus of rodent models, where glutamatergic signaling is prominent. However, neurochemical influences on hemodynamics are relatively unknown in largely GABAergic brain regions such as the rodent caudate putamen (CPu). Given the extensive contribution of CPu function and dysfunction to behavior, and the increasing focus on this region in fMRI studies, improved understanding of CPu hemodynamics could have broad impacts. Here we discuss existing findings on neurochemical contributions to hemodynamics as they may relate to the CPu with special consideration for how these contributions could originate from various cell types and circuits. We hope this review can help inform the direction of future studies as well as interpretation of fMRI findings in the CPu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany M Katz
- Neuroscience Curriculum, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Center for Animal MRI, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lindsay R Walton
- Center for Animal MRI, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kaiulani M Houston
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Domenic H Cerri
- Center for Animal MRI, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yen-Yu Ian Shih
- Neuroscience Curriculum, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Center for Animal MRI, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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23
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Chen LL, Fan YG, Zhao LX, Zhang Q, Wang ZY. The metal ion hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease and the anti-neuroinflammatory effect of metal chelators. Bioorg Chem 2023; 131:106301. [PMID: 36455485 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), characterized by the β-amyloid protein (Aβ) deposition and tau hyperphosphorylation, is the most common dementia with uncertain etiology. The clinical trials of Aβ monoclonal antibody drugs have almost failed, giving rise to great attention on the other etiologic hypothesis regarding AD such as metal ions dysmetabolism and chronic neuroinflammation. Mounting evidence revealed that the metal ions (iron, copper, and zinc) were dysregulated in the susceptible brain regions of AD patients, which was highly associated with Aβ deposition, tau hyperphosphorylation, neuronal loss, as well as neuroinflammation. Further studies uncovered that iron, copper and zinc could not only enhance the production of Aβ but also directly bind to Aβ and tau to promote their aggregations. In addition, the accumulation of iron and copper could respectively promote ferroptosis and cuproptosis. Therefore, the metal ion chelators were recognized as promising agents for treating AD. This review comprehensively summarized the effects of metal ions on the Aβ dynamics and tau phosphorylation in the progression of AD. Furthermore, taking chronic neuroinflammation contributes to the progression of AD, we also provided a summary of the mechanisms concerning metal ions on neuroinflammation and highlighted the metal ion chelators may be potential agents to alleviate neuroinflammation under the condition of AD. Nevertheless, more investigations regarding metal ions on neuroinflammation should be taken into practice, and the effects of metal ion chelators on neuroinflammation should gain more attention. Running title: Metal chelators against neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Lin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Yong-Gang Fan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Ling-Xiao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Zhan-You Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
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Lysenkov SP, Muzhenya DV, Tuguz AR, Urakova TU, Shumilov DS, Thakushinov IA, Thakushinov RA, Tatarkova EA, Urakova DM. Cholinergic deficiency in the cholinergic system as a pathogenetic link in the formation of various syndromes in COVID-19. CHINESE J PHYSIOL 2023; 66:1-13. [PMID: 36814151 DOI: 10.4103/cjop.cjop-d-22-00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
According to recent data, several mechanisms of viral invasion of the central nervous system (CNS) have been proposed, one of which is both direct penetration of the virus through afferent nerve fibers and damage to the endothelium of cerebral vessels. It has been proven that the SARS-CoV-2 virus affects pathologically not only the human cardiorespiratory system but is also associated with a wide range of neurological diseases, cerebrovascular accidents, and neuromuscular pathologies. However, the observed post-COVID symptom complex in patients, manifested in the form of headache, "fog in the head," high temperature, muscle weakness, lowering blood pressure, does it make us think about the pathophysiological mechanisms that contribute to the development of this clinical picture? One possible explanation is a disruption in the signaling of the acetylcholine system (AChS) in the body. Viral invasions, and in particular COVID-19, can negatively affect the work of the AChS, disrupting its coordination activities. Therefore, the main goal of this literature review is to analyze the information and substantiate the possible mechanisms for the occurrence of post-COVID syndrome in people who have had COVID-19 from the standpoint of AChS dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Petrovich Lysenkov
- FSBEI HE "Maikop State Technological University", Medical Institute, Maikop, Republic of Adygeya, Russia
| | | | - Aminat Ramazanovna Tuguz
- FSBEI HE "Adyghe State University", Immunogenetic Laboratory of the Research Institute of Complex Problems, Maikop, Republic of Adygeya, Russia
| | - Tamara Ur'evna Urakova
- FSBEI HE "Maikop State Technological University", Medical Institute, Maikop, Republic of Adygeya, Russia
| | - Dmitriy Sergeevich Shumilov
- FSBEI HE "Adyghe State University", Immunogenetic Laboratory of the Research Institute of Complex Problems, Maikop, Republic of Adygeya, Russia
| | | | | | - Elena Anatolevna Tatarkova
- FSBEI HE "Adyghe State University", Immunogenetic Laboratory of the Research Institute of Complex Problems, Maikop, Republic of Adygeya, Russia
| | - Diana Muratovna Urakova
- FSBEI HE "Maikop State Technological University", Medical Institute, Maikop, Republic of Adygeya, Russia
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25
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Bjørklund G, Antonyak H, Polishchuk A, Semenova Y, Lesiv M, Lysiuk R, Peana M. Effect of methylmercury on fetal neurobehavioral development: an overview of the possible mechanisms of toxicity and the neuroprotective effect of phytochemicals. Arch Toxicol 2022; 96:3175-3199. [PMID: 36063174 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03366-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is a global environmental pollutant with neurotoxic effects. Exposure to MeHg via consumption of seafood and fish can severely impact fetal neurobehavioral development even when MeHg levels in maternal blood are as low as about 5 μg/L, which the mother tolerates well. Persistent motor dysfunctions and cognitive deficits may result from trans-placental exposure. The present review summarizes current knowledge on the mechanisms of MeHg toxicity during the period of nervous system development. Although cerebellar Purkinje cells are MeHg targets, the actions of MeHg on thiol components in the neuronal cytoskeleton as well as on mitochondrial enzymes and induction of disturbances of glutamate signaling can impair extra-cerebellar functions, also at levels well tolerated by adult individuals. Numerous herbal substances possess neuroprotective effects, predominantly represented by natural polyphenolic molecules that might be utilized to develop natural drugs to alleviate neurotoxicity symptoms caused by MeHg or other Hg compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine, Toften 24, 8610, Mo i Rana, Norway.
| | | | | | | | - Marta Lesiv
- Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Roman Lysiuk
- Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
- CONEM Ukraine Life Science Research Group, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Massimiliano Peana
- Department of Chemical, Physics, Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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26
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Ren C, Peng K, Yang R, Liu W, Liu C, Komiyama T. Global and subtype-specific modulation of cortical inhibitory neurons regulated by acetylcholine during motor learning. Neuron 2022; 110:2334-2350.e8. [PMID: 35584693 PMCID: PMC9308684 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitory neurons (INs) consist of distinct subtypes with unique functions. Previous studies on INs mainly focused on single brain regions, and thus it remains unclear whether the modulation of IN subtypes occurs globally across multiple regions. Here, we monitored the activity of different cortical IN subtypes at both macroscale and microscale in mice learning a lever-press task. Learning evoked a global modulation of IN subtypes throughout the cortex. The initial learning phase involved strong activation of vasoactive intestinal peptide-expressing INs (VIP-INs) and weak activation of somatostatin-expressing INs (SOM-INs). Inactivating VIP-INs increased SOM-IN activity and impaired initial learning. Concurrently, cortical cholinergic inputs from the basal forebrain were initially more active but became less engaged over learning. Manipulation of the cholinergic system impaired motor learning and differentially altered activity of IN subtypes. These results reveal that motor learning involves a global and subtype-specific modulation on cortical INs regulated by the cholinergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Ren
- Neurobiology Section, Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior, Department of Neurosciences, and Halıcıoğlu Data Science Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Kailong Peng
- Neurobiology Section, Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior, Department of Neurosciences, and Halıcıoğlu Data Science Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ruize Yang
- Neurobiology Section, Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior, Department of Neurosciences, and Halıcıoğlu Data Science Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Weikang Liu
- Neurobiology Section, Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior, Department of Neurosciences, and Halıcıoğlu Data Science Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Takaki Komiyama
- Neurobiology Section, Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior, Department of Neurosciences, and Halıcıoğlu Data Science Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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27
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Eriksson O, Bhalla US, Blackwell KT, Crook SM, Keller D, Kramer A, Linne ML, Saudargienė A, Wade RC, Hellgren Kotaleski J. Combining hypothesis- and data-driven neuroscience modeling in FAIR workflows. eLife 2022; 11:e69013. [PMID: 35792600 PMCID: PMC9259018 DOI: 10.7554/elife.69013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Modeling in neuroscience occurs at the intersection of different points of view and approaches. Typically, hypothesis-driven modeling brings a question into focus so that a model is constructed to investigate a specific hypothesis about how the system works or why certain phenomena are observed. Data-driven modeling, on the other hand, follows a more unbiased approach, with model construction informed by the computationally intensive use of data. At the same time, researchers employ models at different biological scales and at different levels of abstraction. Combining these models while validating them against experimental data increases understanding of the multiscale brain. However, a lack of interoperability, transparency, and reusability of both models and the workflows used to construct them creates barriers for the integration of models representing different biological scales and built using different modeling philosophies. We argue that the same imperatives that drive resources and policy for data - such as the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) principles - also support the integration of different modeling approaches. The FAIR principles require that data be shared in formats that are Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable. Applying these principles to models and modeling workflows, as well as the data used to constrain and validate them, would allow researchers to find, reuse, question, validate, and extend published models, regardless of whether they are implemented phenomenologically or mechanistically, as a few equations or as a multiscale, hierarchical system. To illustrate these ideas, we use a classical synaptic plasticity model, the Bienenstock-Cooper-Munro rule, as an example due to its long history, different levels of abstraction, and implementation at many scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Eriksson
- Science for Life Laboratory, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of TechnologyStockholmSweden
| | - Upinder Singh Bhalla
- National Center for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental ResearchBangaloreIndia
| | - Kim T Blackwell
- Department of Bioengineering, Volgenau School of Engineering, George Mason UniversityFairfaxUnited States
| | - Sharon M Crook
- School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
| | - Daniel Keller
- Blue Brain Project, École Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Andrei Kramer
- Science for Life Laboratory, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of TechnologyStockholmSweden
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
| | - Marja-Leena Linne
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere UniversityTampereFinland
| | - Ausra Saudargienė
- Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health SciencesKaunasLithuania
- Department of Informatics, Vytautas Magnus UniversityKaunasLithuania
| | - Rebecca C Wade
- Molecular and Cellular Modeling Group, Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies (HITS)HeidelbergGermany
- Center for Molecular Biology (ZMBH), ZMBH-DKFZ Alliance, University of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR), Heidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Jeanette Hellgren Kotaleski
- Science for Life Laboratory, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of TechnologyStockholmSweden
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
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Brito MA, Li D, Fields CW, Rybicki-Kler C, Dean JG, Liu T, Mashour GA, Pal D. Cortical Acetylcholine Levels Correlate With Neurophysiologic Complexity During Subanesthetic Ketamine and Nitrous Oxide Exposure in Rats. Anesth Analg 2022; 134:1126-1139. [PMID: 34928887 PMCID: PMC9093725 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000005835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurophysiologic complexity has been shown to decrease during states characterized by a depressed level of consciousness, such as sleep or anesthesia. Conversely, neurophysiologic complexity is increased during exposure to serotonergic psychedelics or subanesthetic doses of dissociative anesthetics. However, the neurochemical substrates underlying changes in neurophysiologic complexity are poorly characterized. Cortical acetylcholine appears to relate to cortical activation and changes in states of consciousness, but the relationship between cortical acetylcholine and complexity has not been formally studied. We addressed this gap by analyzing simultaneous changes in cortical acetylcholine (prefrontal and parietal) and neurophysiologic complexity before, during, and after subanesthetic ketamine (10 mg/kg/h) or 50% nitrous oxide. METHODS Under isoflurane anesthesia, adult Sprague Dawley rats (n = 24, 12 male and 12 female) were implanted with stainless-steel electrodes across the cortex to record monopolar electroencephalogram (0.5-175 Hz; 30 channels) and guide canulae in prefrontal and parietal cortices for local microdialysis quantification of acetylcholine levels. One subgroup of these rats was instrumented with a chronic catheter in jugular vein for ketamine infusion (n = 12, 6 male and 6 female). The electroencephalographic data were analyzed to determine subanesthetic ketamine or nitrous oxide-induced changes in Lempel-Ziv complexity and directed frontoparietal connectivity. Changes in complexity and connectivity were analyzed for correlation with concurrent changes in prefrontal and parietal acetylcholine. RESULTS Subanesthetic ketamine produced sustained increases in normalized Lempel-Ziv complexity (0.5-175 Hz; P < .001) and high gamma frontoparietal connectivity (125-175 Hz; P < .001). This was accompanied by progressive increases in prefrontal (104%; P < .001) and parietal (159%; P < .001) acetylcholine levels that peaked after 50 minutes of infusion. Nitrous oxide induction produced a transient increase in complexity (P < .05) and high gamma connectivity (P < .001), which was accompanied by increases (P < .001) in prefrontal (56%) and parietal (43%) acetylcholine levels. In contrast, the final 50 minutes of nitrous oxide administration were characterized by a decrease in prefrontal (38%; P < .001) and parietal (45%; P < .001) acetylcholine levels, reduced complexity (P < .001), and comparatively weaker frontoparietal high gamma connectivity (P < .001). Cortical acetylcholine and complexity were correlated with both subanesthetic ketamine (prefrontal: cluster-weighted marginal correlation [CW r] [144] = 0.42, P < .001; parietal: CW r[144] = 0.42, P < .001) and nitrous oxide (prefrontal: CW r[156] = 0.46, P < .001; parietal: CW r[156] = 0.56, P < .001) cohorts. CONCLUSIONS These data bridge changes in cortical acetylcholine with concurrent changes in neurophysiologic complexity, frontoparietal connectivity, and the level of consciousness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Brito
- From the Department of Anesthesiology
- Neuroscience Graduate Program
- Center for Consciousness Science
| | - Duan Li
- From the Department of Anesthesiology
- Center for Consciousness Science
| | | | | | - Jon G. Dean
- From the Department of Anesthesiology
- Center for Consciousness Science
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - George A. Mashour
- From the Department of Anesthesiology
- Neuroscience Graduate Program
- Center for Consciousness Science
| | - Dinesh Pal
- From the Department of Anesthesiology
- Neuroscience Graduate Program
- Center for Consciousness Science
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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29
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Mechanisms and treatment strategies of organophosphate pesticide induced neurotoxicity in humans: A critical appraisal. Toxicology 2022; 472:153181. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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30
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Qi G, Feldmeyer D. Cell-Type Specific Neuromodulation of Excitatory and Inhibitory Neurons via Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors in Layer 4 of Rat Barrel Cortex. Front Neural Circuits 2022; 16:843025. [PMID: 35250496 PMCID: PMC8894850 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2022.843025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuromodulator acetylcholine (ACh) plays an important role in arousal, attention, vigilance, learning and memory. ACh is released during different behavioural states and affects the brain microcircuit by regulating neuronal and synaptic properties. Here, we investigated how a low concentration of ACh (30 μM) affects the intrinsic properties of electrophysiologically and morphologically identified excitatory and inhibitory neurons in layer 4 (L4) of rat barrel cortex. ACh altered the membrane potential of L4 neurons in a heterogeneous manner. Nearly all L4 regular spiking (RS) excitatory neurons responded to bath-application of ACh with a M4 muscarinic ACh receptor-mediated hyperpolarisation. In contrast, in the majority of L4 fast spiking (FS) and non-fast spiking (nFS) interneurons 30 μM ACh induced a depolarisation while the remainder showed a hyperpolarisation or no response. The ACh-induced depolarisation of L4 FS interneurons was much weaker than that in L4 nFS interneurons. There was no clear difference in the response to ACh for three morphological subtypes of L4 FS interneurons. However, in four morpho-electrophysiological subtypes of L4 nFS interneurons, VIP+-like interneurons showed the strongest ACh-induced depolarisation; occasionally, even action potential firing was elicited. The ACh-induced depolarisation in L4 FS interneurons was exclusively mediated by M1 muscarinic ACh receptors; in L4 nFS interneurons it was mainly mediated by M1 and/or M3/5 muscarinic ACh receptors. In a subset of L4 nFS interneurons, a co-operative activation of muscarinic and nicotinic ACh receptors was also observed. The present study demonstrates that low-concentrations of ACh affect different L4 neuron types in a cell-type specific way. These effects result from a specific expression of different muscarinic and/or nicotinic ACh receptors on the somatodendritic compartments of L4 neurons. This suggests that even at low concentrations ACh may tune the excitability of L4 excitatory and inhibitory neurons and their synaptic microcircuits differentially depending on the behavioural state during which ACh is released.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanxiao Qi
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-10, Reseach Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- *Correspondence: Guanxiao Qi,
| | - Dirk Feldmeyer
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-10, Reseach Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance-Brain, Translational Brain Medicine, Aachen, Germany
- Dirk Feldmeyer,
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31
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Hauer BE, Pagliardini S, Dickson CT. Prefrontal-Hippocampal Pathways Through the Nucleus Reuniens Are Functionally Biased by Brain State. Front Neuroanat 2022; 15:804872. [PMID: 35173588 PMCID: PMC8842257 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2021.804872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Circuit-level communication between disparate brain regions is fundamental for the complexities of the central nervous system operation. Co-ordinated bouts of rhythmic activity between the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (HPC), in particular, are important for mnemonic processes. This is true during awake behavior, as well as during offline states like sleep. We have recently shown that the anatomically interposed thalamic nucleus reuniens (RE) has a role in coordinating slow-wave activity between the PFC and HPC. Here, we took advantage of spontaneous brain state changes occurring during urethane anesthesia in order to assess if PFC-HPC communication was modified during activated (theta) vs. deactivated (slow oscillation: SO) states. These forebrain states are highly similar to those expressed during rapid eye movement (REM) and non-REM stages of natural sleep, respectively. Evoked potentials and excitatory current sinks in the HPC were consistently larger during SO states, regardless of whether PFC or RE afferents were stimulated. Interestingly, PFC stimulation during theta appeared to preferentially use a cortico-cortical pathway, presumably involving the entorhinal cortex as opposed to the more direct RE to HPC conduit. Optogenetic and chemogenetic manipulations of the RE suggested that this state-dependent biasing was mediated by responding in the RE itself. Finally, the phase of both ongoing rhythms also appeared to be an important factor in modulating HPC responses, with maximal field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) occurring during the negative-going phase of both rhythms. Thus, forebrain state plays an important role in how communication takes place across the PFC and HPC, with the RE as a determining factor in how this is shaped. Furthermore, ongoing sleep-like rhythms influence the coordination and perhaps potentiate excitatory processing in this extended episodic memory circuit. Our results have direct implications for activity-dependent processes relevant to sleep-dependent memory consolidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon E. Hauer
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Silvia Pagliardini
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Clayton T. Dickson
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- *Correspondence: Clayton T. Dickson
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Koncz I, Verkerk AO, Nicastro M, Wilders R, Árpádffy-Lovas T, Magyar T, Tóth N, Nagy N, Madrid M, Lin Z, Efimov IR. Acetylcholine Reduces IKr and Prolongs Action Potentials in Human Ventricular Cardiomyocytes. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020244. [PMID: 35203454 PMCID: PMC8869322 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) has a meaningful basis as a potentially effective treatment for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. There is an ongoing VNS randomized study, and four studies are completed. However, relatively little is known about the effect of acetylcholine (ACh) on repolarization in human ventricular cardiomyocytes, as well as the effect of ACh on the rapid component of the delayed rectifier K+ current (IKr). Here, we investigated the effect of ACh on the action potential parameters in human ventricular preparations and on IKr in human induced pluripotent stem-cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs). Using standard microelectrode technique, we demonstrated that ACh (5 µM) significantly increased the action potential duration in human left ventricular myocardial slices. ACh (5 µM) also prolonged repolarization in a human Purkinje fiber and a papillary muscle. Optical mapping revealed that ACh increased the action potential duration in human left ventricular myocardial slices and that the effect was dose-dependent. Perforated patch clamp experiments demonstrated action potential prolongation and a significant decrease in IKr by ACh (5 µM) in hiPSC-CMs. Computer simulations of the electrical activity of a human ventricular cardiomyocyte showed an increase in action potential duration upon implementation of the experimentally observed ACh-induced changes in the fully activated conductance and steady-state activation of IKr. Our findings support the hypothesis that ACh can influence the repolarization in human ventricular cardiomyocytes by at least changes in IKr.
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Affiliation(s)
- István Koncz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA; (I.K.); (M.M.); (Z.L.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, 6721 Szeged, Hungary; (T.Á.-L.); (T.M.); (N.T.); (N.N.)
| | - Arie O. Verkerk
- Heart Center, Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.O.V.); (M.N.)
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Michele Nicastro
- Heart Center, Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.O.V.); (M.N.)
| | - Ronald Wilders
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Tamás Árpádffy-Lovas
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, 6721 Szeged, Hungary; (T.Á.-L.); (T.M.); (N.T.); (N.N.)
| | - Tibor Magyar
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, 6721 Szeged, Hungary; (T.Á.-L.); (T.M.); (N.T.); (N.N.)
| | - Noémi Tóth
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, 6721 Szeged, Hungary; (T.Á.-L.); (T.M.); (N.T.); (N.N.)
| | - Norbert Nagy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, 6721 Szeged, Hungary; (T.Á.-L.); (T.M.); (N.T.); (N.N.)
- ELKH-SZTE Research Group of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, 6721 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Micah Madrid
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA; (I.K.); (M.M.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zexu Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA; (I.K.); (M.M.); (Z.L.)
| | - Igor R. Efimov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA; (I.K.); (M.M.); (Z.L.)
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-202-294-8182
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Tsolias A, Medalla M. Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor Localization on Distinct Excitatory and Inhibitory Neurons Within the ACC and LPFC of the Rhesus Monkey. Front Neural Circuits 2022; 15:795325. [PMID: 35087381 PMCID: PMC8786743 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2021.795325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetylcholine (ACh) can act on pre- and post-synaptic muscarinic receptors (mAChR) in the cortex to influence a myriad of cognitive processes. Two functionally-distinct regions of the prefrontal cortex-the lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC)-are differentially innervated by ascending cholinergic pathways yet, the nature and organization of prefrontal-cholinergic circuitry in primates are not well understood. Using multi-channel immunohistochemical labeling and high-resolution microscopy, we found regional and laminar differences in the subcellular localization and the densities of excitatory and inhibitory subpopulations expressing m1 and m2 muscarinic receptors, the two predominant cortical mAChR subtypes, in the supragranular layers of LPFC and ACC in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). The subset of m1+/m2+ expressing SMI-32+ pyramidal neurons labeled in layer 3 (L3) was denser in LPFC than in ACC, while m1+/m2+ SMI-32+ neurons co-expressing the calcium-binding protein, calbindin (CB) was greater in ACC. Further, we found between-area differences in laminar m1+ dendritic expression, and m2+ presynaptic localization on cortico-cortical (VGLUT1+) and sub-cortical inputs (VGLUT2+), suggesting differential cholinergic modulation of top-down vs. bottom-up inputs in the two areas. While almost all inhibitory interneurons-identified by their expression of parvalbumin (PV+), CB+, and calretinin (CR+)-expressed m1+, the localization of m2+ differed by subtype and area. The ACC exhibited a greater proportion of m2+ inhibitory neurons compared to the LPFC and had a greater density of presynaptic m2+ localized on inhibitory (VGAT+) inputs targeting proximal somatodendritic compartments and axon initial segments of L3 pyramidal neurons. These data suggest a greater capacity for m2+-mediated cholinergic suppression of inhibition in the ACC compared to the LPFC. The anatomical localization of muscarinic receptors on ACC and LPFC micro-circuits shown here contributes to our understanding of diverse cholinergic neuromodulation of functionally-distinct prefrontal areas involved in goal-directed behavior, and how these interactions maybe disrupted in neuropsychiatric and neurological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Tsolias
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Maria Medalla
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
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Mei J, Muller E, Ramaswamy S. Informing deep neural networks by multiscale principles of neuromodulatory systems. Trends Neurosci 2022; 45:237-250. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2021.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Frost Nylen J, Hjorth JJJ, Grillner S, Hellgren Kotaleski J. Dopaminergic and Cholinergic Modulation of Large Scale Networks in silico Using Snudda. Front Neural Circuits 2021; 15:748989. [PMID: 34744638 PMCID: PMC8568057 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2021.748989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromodulation is present throughout the nervous system and serves a critical role for circuit function and dynamics. The computational investigations of neuromodulation in large scale networks require supportive software platforms. Snudda is a software for the creation and simulation of large scale networks of detailed microcircuits consisting of multicompartmental neuron models. We have developed an extension to Snudda to incorporate neuromodulation in large scale simulations. The extended Snudda framework implements neuromodulation at the level of single cells incorporated into large-scale microcircuits. We also developed Neuromodcell, a software for optimizing neuromodulation in detailed multicompartmental neuron models. The software adds parameters within the models modulating the conductances of ion channels and ionotropic receptors. Bath application of neuromodulators is simulated and models which reproduce the experimentally measured effects are selected. In Snudda, we developed an extension to accommodate large scale simulations of neuromodulation. The simulator has two modes of simulation – denoted replay and adaptive. In the replay mode, transient levels of neuromodulators can be defined as a time-varying function which modulates the receptors and ion channels within the network in a cell-type specific manner. In the adaptive mode, spiking neuromodulatory neurons are connected via integrative modulating mechanisms to ion channels and receptors. Both modes of simulating neuromodulation allow for simultaneous modulation by several neuromodulators that can interact dynamically with each other. Here, we used the Neuromodcell software to simulate dopaminergic and muscarinic modulation of neurons from the striatum. We also demonstrate how to simulate different neuromodulatory states with dopamine and acetylcholine using Snudda. All software is freely available on Github, including tutorials on Neuromodcell and Snudda-neuromodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jarl Jacob Johannes Hjorth
- Science for Life Laboratory, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sten Grillner
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jeanette Hellgren Kotaleski
- Science for Life Laboratory, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
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Trofimova I. Functional Constructivism Approach to Multilevel Nature of Bio-Behavioral Diversity. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:641286. [PMID: 34777031 PMCID: PMC8578849 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.641286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Attempts to revise the existing classifications of psychiatric disorders (DSM and ICD) continue and highlight a crucial need for the identification of biomarkers underlying symptoms of psychopathology. The present review highlights the benefits of using a Functional Constructivism approach in the analysis of the functionality of the main neurotransmitters. This approach explores the idea that behavior is neither reactive nor pro-active, but constructive and generative, being a transient selection of multiple degrees of freedom in perception and actions. This review briefly describes main consensus points in neuroscience related to the functionality of eight neurochemical ensembles, summarized as a part of the neurochemical model Functional Ensemble of Temperament (FET). None of the FET components is represented by a single neurotransmitter; all neurochemical teams have specific functionality in selection of behavioral degrees of freedom and stages of action construction. The review demonstrates the possibility of unifying taxonomies of temperament and classifications of psychiatric disorders and presenting these taxonomies formally and systematically. The paper also highlights the multi-level nature of regulation of consistent bio-behavioral individual differences, in line with the concepts of diagonal evolution (proposed earlier) and Specialized Extended Phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Trofimova
- Laboratory of Collective Intelligence, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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37
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Zhang Q, Zeng Y, Zhang T, Yang T. Comparison Between Human and Rodent Neurons for Persistent Activity Performance: A Biologically Plausible Computational Investigation. Front Syst Neurosci 2021; 15:628839. [PMID: 34566587 PMCID: PMC8459009 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2021.628839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Elucidating the multi-scale detailed differences between the human brain and other brains will help shed light on what makes us unique as a species. Computational models help link biochemical and anatomical properties to cognitive functions and predict key properties of the cortex. Here, we present a detailed human neocortex network, with all human neuron parameters derived from the newest Allen Brain human brain cell database. Compared with that of rodents, the human neural network maintains more complete and accurate information under the same graphic input. Unique membrane properties in human neocortical neurons enhance the human brain's capacity for signal processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zeng
- Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China.,National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Tielin Zhang
- Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Taoyi Yang
- Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
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Cholinergic modulation of sensory processing in awake mouse cortex. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17525. [PMID: 34471145 PMCID: PMC8410938 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96696-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholinergic modulation of brain activity is fundamental for awareness and conscious sensorimotor behaviours, but deciphering the timing and significance of acetylcholine actions for these behaviours is challenging. The widespread nature of cholinergic projections to the cortex means that new insights require access to specific neuronal populations, and on a time-scale that matches behaviourally relevant cholinergic actions. Here, we use fast, voltage imaging of L2/3 cortical pyramidal neurons exclusively expressing the genetically-encoded voltage indicator Butterfly 1.2, in awake, head-fixed mice, receiving sensory stimulation, whilst manipulating the cholinergic system. Altering muscarinic acetylcholine function re-shaped sensory-evoked fast depolarisation and subsequent slow hyperpolarisation of L2/3 pyramidal neurons. A consequence of this re-shaping was disrupted adaptation of the sensory-evoked responses, suggesting a critical role for acetylcholine during sensory discrimination behaviour. Our findings provide new insights into how the cortex processes sensory information and how loss of acetylcholine, for example in Alzheimer's Disease, disrupts sensory behaviours.
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Świt P, Herian M, Gołembiowska K. Improvement of analytical results quality in neuroscience – Good Methodology Practice in the acetylcholine determination. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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40
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Borroni V, Barrantes FJ. Homomeric and Heteromeric α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in Health and Some Central Nervous System Diseases. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11090664. [PMID: 34564481 PMCID: PMC8465519 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11090664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are pentameric ligand-gated ion channels involved in the modulation of essential brain functions such as memory, learning, and attention. Homomeric α7 nAChR, formed exclusively by five identical α7 subunits, is involved in rapid synaptic transmission, whereas the heteromeric oligomers composed of α7 in combination with β subunits display metabotropic properties and operate in slower time frames. At the cellular level, the activation of nAChRs allows the entry of Na+ and Ca2+; the two cations depolarize the membrane and trigger diverse cellular signals, depending on the type of nAChR pentamer and neurons involved, the location of the intervening cells, and the networks of which these neuronal cells form part. These features make the α7 nAChR a central player in neurotransmission, metabolically associated Ca2+-mediated signaling, and modulation of diverse fundamental processes operated by other neurotransmitters in the brain. Due to its ubiquitous distribution and the multiple functions it displays in the brain, the α7 nAChR is associated with a variety of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders whose exact etiopathogenic mechanisms are still elusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Borroni
- Instituto de Tecnología en Polímeros y Nanotecnología (ITPN-UBA-CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires C1127AAR, Argentina;
| | - Francisco J. Barrantes
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute for Biomedical Research, UCA–CONICET, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Catholic University of Argentina, Av. Alicia Moreau de Justo 1600, Buenos Aires C1107AAZ, Argentina
- Correspondence:
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Sharma HS, Lafuente JV, Feng L, Muresanu DF, Menon PK, Castellani RJ, Nozari A, Sahib S, Tian ZR, Buzoianu AD, Sjöquist PO, Patnaik R, Wiklund L, Sharma A. Methamphetamine exacerbates pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury at high altitude. Neuroprotective effects of nanodelivery of a potent antioxidant compound H-290/51. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2021; 266:123-193. [PMID: 34689858 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2021.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Military personnel are often exposed to high altitude (HA, ca. 4500-5000m) for combat operations associated with neurological dysfunctions. HA is a severe stressful situation and people frequently use methamphetamine (METH) or other psychostimulants to cope stress. Since military personnel are prone to different kinds of traumatic brain injury (TBI), in this review we discuss possible effects of METH on concussive head injury (CHI) at HA based on our own observations. METH exposure at HA exacerbates pathophysiology of CHI as compared to normobaric laboratory environment comparable to sea level. Increased blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown, edema formation and reductions in the cerebral blood flow (CBF) following CHI were exacerbated by METH intoxication at HA. Damage to cerebral microvasculature and expression of beta catenin was also exacerbated following CHI in METH treated group at HA. TiO2-nanowired delivery of H-290/51 (150mg/kg, i.p.), a potent chain-breaking antioxidant significantly enhanced CBF and reduced BBB breakdown, edema formation, beta catenin expression and brain pathology in METH exposed rats after CHI at HA. These observations are the first to point out that METH exposure in CHI exacerbated brain pathology at HA and this appears to be related with greater production of oxidative stress induced brain pathology, not reported earlier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari Shanker Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - José Vicente Lafuente
- LaNCE, Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Lianyuan Feng
- Department of Neurology, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Dafin F Muresanu
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; "RoNeuro" Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Preeti K Menon
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rudy J Castellani
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ala Nozari
- Anesthesiology & Intensive Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Seaab Sahib
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Z Ryan Tian
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Anca D Buzoianu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Per-Ove Sjöquist
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ranjana Patnaik
- Department of Biomaterials, School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Lars Wiklund
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Aruna Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Predicting Synaptic Connectivity for Large-Scale Microcircuit Simulations Using Snudda. Neuroinformatics 2021; 19:685-701. [PMID: 34282528 PMCID: PMC8566446 DOI: 10.1007/s12021-021-09531-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Simulation of large-scale networks of neurons is an important approach to understanding and interpreting experimental data from healthy and diseased brains. Owing to the rapid development of simulation software and the accumulation of quantitative data of different neuronal types, it is possible to predict both computational and dynamical properties of local microcircuits in a ‘bottom-up’ manner. Simulated data from these models can be compared with experiments and ‘top-down’ modelling approaches, successively bridging the scales. Here we describe an open source pipeline, using the software Snudda, for predicting microcircuit connectivity and for setting up simulations using the NEURON simulation environment in a reproducible way. We also illustrate how to further ‘curate’ data on single neuron morphologies acquired from public databases. This model building pipeline was used to set up a first version of a full-scale cellular level model of mouse dorsal striatum. Model components from that work are here used to illustrate the different steps that are needed when modelling subcortical nuclei, such as the basal ganglia.
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miR-33-3p Regulates PC12 Cell Proliferation and Differentiation In Vitro by Targeting Slc29a1. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:2403-2414. [PMID: 34152551 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03377-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNA-33-3p (miR-33-3p) has been widely investigated for its roles in lipid metabolism and mitochondrial function; however, there are few studies on miR-33-3p in the context of neurological diseases. In this study, we investigated the functional role of miR-33-3p in rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells. A miR-33-3p mimic was transduced into PC12 cells, and its effects on proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation were studied using the MTS assay, EdU labeling, flow cytometry, qRT-PCR, western blot, ELISA, and immunofluorescence. We found that miR-33-3p significantly suppressed PC12 cell proliferation, but had no effect on apoptosis. Furthermore, miR-33-3p promoted the differentiation of PC12 cells into Tuj1-positive and choline acetyltransferase-positive neuron-like cells. Mechanistically, miR-33-3p repressed the expression of Slc29a1 in PC12 cells. Importantly, knocking down Slc29a1 in PC12 cells inhibited proliferation and induced differentiation into neuron-like cells. In conclusion, this study showed that miR-33-3p regulated Slc29a1, which in turn controlled the proliferation and differentiation of PC12 cells. Thus, we hypothesize that the miR-33-3p/Slc29a1 axis could be a promising therapeutic target for recovering neurons and the cholinergic nervous system.
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Newton TH, Reimann MW, Abdellah M, Chevtchenko G, Muller EB, Markram H. In silico voltage-sensitive dye imaging reveals the emergent dynamics of cortical populations. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3630. [PMID: 34131136 PMCID: PMC8206372 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23901-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage-sensitive dye imaging (VSDI) is a powerful technique for interrogating membrane potential dynamics in assemblies of cortical neurons, but with effective resolution limits that confound interpretation. To address this limitation, we developed an in silico model of VSDI in a biologically faithful digital reconstruction of rodent neocortical microcircuitry. Using this model, we extend previous experimental observations regarding the cellular origins of VSDI, finding that the signal is driven primarily by neurons in layers 2/3 and 5, and that VSDI measurements do not capture individual spikes. Furthermore, we test the capacity of VSD image sequences to discriminate between afferent thalamic inputs at various spatial locations to estimate a lower bound on the functional resolution of VSDI. Our approach underscores the power of a bottom-up computational approach for relating scales of cortical processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor H Newton
- Blue Brain Project, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland.
- IT'IS Foundation for Research on Information Technologies in Society, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Michael W Reimann
- Blue Brain Project, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marwan Abdellah
- Blue Brain Project, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Grigori Chevtchenko
- Blue Brain Project, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Eilif B Muller
- Blue Brain Project, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Quebec Artificial Intelligence Institute (Mila), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Henry Markram
- Blue Brain Project, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Neural Microcircuitry, Brain Mind Institute, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Dias I, Levers MR, Lamberti M, Hassink GC, van Wezel R, le Feber J. Consolidation of memory traces in cultured cortical networks requires low cholinergic tone, synchronized activity and high network excitability. J Neural Eng 2021; 18. [PMID: 33892486 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/abfb3f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In systems consolidation, encoded memories are replayed by the hippocampus during slow-wave sleep (SWS), and permanently stored in the neocortex. Declarative memory consolidation is believed to benefit from the oscillatory rhythms and low cholinergic tone observed in this sleep stage, but underlying mechanisms remain unclear. To clarify the role of cholinergic modulation and synchronized activity in memory consolidation, we applied repeated electrical stimulation in mature cultures of dissociated rat cortical neurons with high or low cholinergic tone, mimicking the cue replay observed during systems consolidation under distinct cholinergic concentrations. In the absence of cholinergic input, these cultures display activity patterns hallmarked by network bursts, synchronized events reminiscent of the low frequency oscillations observed during SWS. They display stable activity and connectivity, which mutually interact and achieve an equilibrium. Electrical stimulation reforms the equilibrium to include the stimulus response, a phenomenon interpreted as memory trace formation. Without cholinergic input, activity was burst-dominated. First application of a stimulus induced significant connectivity changes, while subsequent repetition no longer affected connectivity. Presenting a second stimulus at a different electrode had the same effect, whereas returning to the initial stimuli did not induce further connectivity alterations, indicating that the second stimulus did not erase the 'memory trace' of the first. Distinctively, cultures with high cholinergic tone displayed reduced network excitability and dispersed firing, and electrical stimulation did not induce significant connectivity changes. We conclude that low cholinergic tone facilitates memory formation and consolidation, possibly through enhanced network excitability. Network bursts or SWS oscillations may merely reflect high network excitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Dias
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University of Twente, Enschede, PO Box 217 7500AE, The Netherlands
| | - Marloes R Levers
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University of Twente, Enschede, PO Box 217 7500AE, The Netherlands
| | - Martina Lamberti
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University of Twente, Enschede, PO Box 217 7500AE, The Netherlands
| | - Gerco C Hassink
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University of Twente, Enschede, PO Box 217 7500AE, The Netherlands
| | - Richard van Wezel
- Department of Biomedical Signals and Systems, University of Twente, Enschede, PO Box 217 7500AE, The Netherlands.,Department of Biophysics, Radboud University, Nijmegen, PO Box 9010 6525AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Joost le Feber
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University of Twente, Enschede, PO Box 217 7500AE, The Netherlands
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Liu J, Ghastine L, Um P, Rovit E, Wu T. Environmental exposures and sleep outcomes: A review of evidence, potential mechanisms, and implications. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 196:110406. [PMID: 33130170 PMCID: PMC8081760 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Environmental exposures and poor sleep outcomes are known to have consequential effects on human health. This integrative review first seeks to present and synthesize existing literature investigating the relationship between exposure to various environmental factors and sleep health. We then present potential mechanisms of action as well as implications for policy and future research for each environmental exposure. Broadly, although studies are still emerging, empirical evidence has begun to show a positive association between adverse effects of heavy metal, noise pollution, light pollution, second-hand smoke, and air pollution exposures and various sleep problems. Specifically, these negative sleep outcomes range from subjective sleep manifestations, such as general sleep quality, sleep duration, daytime dysfunction, and daytime sleepiness, as well as objective sleep measures, including difficulties with sleep onset and maintenance, sleep stage or circadian rhythm interference, sleep arousal, REM activity, and sleep disordered breathing. However, the association between light exposure and sleep is less clear. Potential toxicological mechanisms are thought to include the direct effect of various environmental toxicants on the nervous, respiratory, and cardiovascular systems, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Nevertheless, future research is required to tease out the exact pathways of action to explain the associations between each environmental factor and sleep, to inform possible therapies to negate the detrimental effects, and to increase efforts in decreasing exposure to these harmful environmental factors to improve health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghong Liu
- University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, 418 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Lea Ghastine
- Ohio State University College of Medicine, 370 W 9th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Phoebe Um
- Ohio State University College of Medicine, 370 W 9th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Elizabeth Rovit
- University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, 418 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Tina Wu
- University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, 418 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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Wojtas A, Herian M, Skawski M, Sobocińska M, González-Marín A, Noworyta-Sokołowska K, Gołembiowska K. Neurochemical and Behavioral Effects of a New Hallucinogenic Compound 25B-NBOMe in Rats. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:305-326. [PMID: 33337517 PMCID: PMC7936972 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-020-00297-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxy-N-(2-methoxybenzyl)phenethylamine (25B-NBOMe) is a hallucinogen exhibiting high binding affinity for 5-HT2A/C serotonin receptors. In the present work, we investigated its effect on dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT), acetylcholine (ACh), and glutamate release in the rat frontal cortex, striatum, and nucleus accumbens. Hallucinogenic activity, impact on cognitive and motor functions, and anxiogenic/anxiolytic properties of this compound were also tested. The release of DA, 5-HT, ACh, and glutamate was studied using microdialysis in freely moving animals. Hallucinogenic activity was investigated using head and body twitch response (WDS), cognitive functions were examined with the novel object recognition test (NOR), locomotor activity was studied in the open field (OF), while anxiogenic/anxiolytic effect was tested using the light/dark box (LDB). Neurotoxicity was evaluated with the comet assay. 25B-NBOMe increased DA, 5-HT, and glutamate release in all studied brain regions, induced hallucinogenic activity, and lowered the recognition index (Ri) vs. control in the NOR test. It also decreased locomotor activity of rats in the OF test. The effect of 25B-NBOMe in the NOR test was inhibited by scopolamine. In the LDB test, the time spent in the dark zone was longer in comparison to control and was dose-dependent. In contrast to MDMA, 25B-NBOMe showed subtle genotoxic effect observed in the comet assay.Our findings indicate that 25B-NBOMe shows hallucinogenic activity in the wide range of doses. The changes in neurotransmitter levels may be related to 25B-NBOMe affinity for 5-HT2A receptor. Alterations in the NOR, OF, and LDB indicate that 25B-NBOMe impacts short-term memory, locomotion, and may be anxiogenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Wojtas
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, 12 Smętna, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Monika Herian
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, 12 Smętna, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Mateusz Skawski
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, 12 Smętna, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Sobocińska
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, 12 Smętna, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Alejandro González-Marín
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, 12 Smętna, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Karolina Noworyta-Sokołowska
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, 12 Smętna, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Krystyna Gołembiowska
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, 12 Smętna, 31-343, Kraków, Poland.
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48
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de Souza Cardoso J, Baldissarelli J, Reichert KP, Teixeira FC, Pereira Soares MS, Chitolina Schetinger MR, Morsch VM, Farias Martins Filho AO, Duarte Junior HR, Ribeiro Coriolano FH, Spanevello RM, Stefanello FM, Tavares RG. Neuroprotection elicited by resveratrol in a rat model of hypothyroidism: Possible involvement of cholinergic signaling and redox status. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 524:111157. [PMID: 33421531 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Both the cholinergic pathway and oxidative stress are important mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of hypothyroidism, a condition characterized by low levels of thyroid hormone that predispose the patient to brain dysfunction. Phenolic compounds have numerous health benefits, including antioxidant activity. This study evaluates the preventive effects of resveratrol in the cholinergic system and redox status in rats with methimazole-induced hypothyroidism. Hypothyroidism increases acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and density in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus and decreases the α7 and M1 receptor densities in the hippocampus. Hypothyroidism also increases cellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), but reduces total thiol content, and catalase and superoxide dismutase activities in the serum. In the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, hypothyroidism increases the levels of ROS and nitrites. In this study, resveratrol (50 mg/kg) treatment prevents the observed increase in AChE in the cerebral cortex, and increases the protein levels of NeuN, a marker of mature neurons. Resveratrol also prevents changes in serum ROS levels and brain structure, as well as the levels of TBARS, total thiol content, and serum catalase enzyme activity. These collective findings suggest that resveratrol has a high antioxidant capacity and can restore hypothyroidism-triggered alterations related to neurotransmission. Thus, it is a promising agent for the prevention of brain damage resulting from hypothyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane de Souza Cardoso
- Laboratório de Biomarcadores, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário Capão do Leão s/n, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Jucimara Baldissarelli
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário Capão do Leão, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Karine Paula Reichert
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Cardoso Teixeira
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Inflamação e Câncer, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário Capão do Leão, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Mayara Sandrielly Pereira Soares
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Inflamação e Câncer, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário Capão do Leão, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Rosa Chitolina Schetinger
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Vera Maria Morsch
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Roselia Maria Spanevello
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Inflamação e Câncer, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário Capão do Leão, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Francieli Moro Stefanello
- Laboratório de Biomarcadores, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário Capão do Leão s/n, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
| | - Rejane Giacomelli Tavares
- Laboratório de Biomarcadores, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário Capão do Leão s/n, Pelotas, RS, Brazil; CBIOS- Universidade Lusófona de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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49
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Dudai A, Yayon N, Soreq H, London M. Cortical VIP
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interneurons: From genetics to function. J Neurochem 2021; 158:1320-1333. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Dudai
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences (ELSC) The Department of Neurobiology The Life Sciences Institute The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem Israel
| | - Nadav Yayon
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences (ELSC) The Department of Biological Chemistry The Life Sciences Institute The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem Israel
| | - Hermona Soreq
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences (ELSC) The Department of Biological Chemistry The Life Sciences Institute The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem Israel
| | - Michael London
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences (ELSC) The Department of Neurobiology The Life Sciences Institute The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem Israel
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50
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Prolonged Systemic Inflammation Alters Muscarinic Long-Term Potentiation (mLTP) in the Hippocampus. Neural Plast 2021; 2021:8813734. [PMID: 33510779 PMCID: PMC7822657 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8813734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The cholinergic system plays a fundamental role in learning and memory. Pharmacological activation of the muscarinic receptor M1R potentiates NMDA receptor activity and induces short-term potentiation at the synapses called muscarinic LTP, mLTP. Dysfunction of cholinergic transmission has been detected in the settings of cognitive impairment and dementia. Systemic inflammation as well as neuroinflammation has been shown to profoundly alter synaptic transmission and LTP. Indeed, intervention which is aimed at reducing neuroinflammatory changes in the brain has been associated with an improvement in cognitive functions. While cognitive impairment caused either by cholinergic dysfunction and/or by systemic inflammation suggests a possible connection between the two, so far whether systemic inflammation affects mLTP has not been extensively studied. In the present work, we explored whether an acute versus persistent systemic inflammation induced by LPS injections would differently affect the ability of hippocampal synapses to undergo mLTP. Interestingly, while a short exposure to LPS resulted in a transient deficit in mLTP expression, a longer exposure persistently impaired mLTP. We believe that these findings may be involved in cognitive dysfunctions following sepsis and possibly neuroinflammatory processes.
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