1
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Mondkar PP, Seo HS, Lodge TP, Azarin SM. Diblock Copolymers of Poly(ethylene oxide)- b-poly(propylene oxide) Stabilize a Blood-Brain Barrier Model under Oxidative Stress. Mol Pharm 2024. [PMID: 39400078 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.4c00608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2024]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a highly restrictive barrier at the interface between the brain and the vascular system. Even under BBB dysfunction, it is extremely difficult to deliver therapies across the barrier, limiting the options for treatment of neurological injuries and disorders. To circumvent these challenges, there is interest in developing therapies that directly engage with the damaged BBB to restore its function. Previous studies revealed that poloxamer 188 (P188), a water-soluble triblock copolymer of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and poly(propylene oxide) (PPO), partially mitigated BBB dysfunction in vivo. In the context of stabilization of the damaged BBB, the mechanism of action of PEO-PPO block copolymers is unknown, and there has been minimal exploration of polymers beyond P188. In this study, a human-based in vitro BBB model under oxidative stress was used to investigate polymer-BBB interactions since oxidative stress is closely linked with BBB dysfunction in many neurological injuries and disorders. PEO-PPO block copolymers of varied numbers of chemically distinct blocks, PEO block length, and functionality of the end group of the PPO block were assessed for their efficacy in improving key physiological readouts associated with BBB dysfunction. While treatment with P188 did not mitigate damage in the in vitro BBB model, treatment with three diblock copolymers improved barrier integrity under oxidative stress to a similar extent. Of the considered variations in the block copolymer design, the reduction in the number of chemically distinct blocks had the strongest influence on therapeutic function. The demonstrated efficacy of three alternative PEO-PPO diblock copolymers in this work reveals the potential of these polymers as a class of therapeutics that directly treat the damaged BBB, expanding the options for treatment of neurological injuries and disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranati P Mondkar
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Hannah S Seo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Timothy P Lodge
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Samira M Azarin
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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2
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Pucci C, De Pasquale D, Degl'Innocenti A, Montorsi M, Desii A, Pero M, Martinelli C, Bartolucci M, Petretto A, Ciofani G. Chlorin e6-Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers Targeted by Angiopep-2: Advancing Photodynamic Therapy in Glioblastoma. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2402823. [PMID: 39344523 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202402823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2024] [Revised: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive brain tumor known for its resistance to standard treatments. Despite surgery being a primary option, it often leads to incomplete removal and high recurrence rates. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) holds promise as an adjunctive treatment, but safety concerns and the need for high-power lasers have limited its widespread use. This research addresses these challenges by introducing a novel PDT approach, using chlorin e6 (Ce6) enclosed in nanostructured lipid carriers (Ang-Ce6-NLCs) and targeted to GBM with the angiopep-2 peptide. Remarkably, a single 5-min irradiation session with LEDs at 660 nm and low power density (10 mW cm- 2) proves effective against GBM, while reducing safety risks associated with high-power lasers. Encapsulation improves Ce6 stability and performance in physiological environments, while angiopep-2 targeting enhances delivery to GBM cells, maximizing treatment efficacy and minimizing off-target effects. The findings demonstrate that Ang-Ce6-NLCs-mediated PDT brings about a significant reduction in GBM cell viability, increases oxidative stress, reduces tumor migration, and enhances apoptosis. Overall, such treatment holds potential as a safe and efficient intraoperative removal of GBM infiltrating cells that cannot be reached by surgery, using low-power LED light to minimize harm to surrounding healthy tissue while maximizing tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Pucci
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Smart Bio-Interfaces, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, 56025, Italy
| | - Daniele De Pasquale
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Smart Bio-Interfaces, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, 56025, Italy
| | - Andrea Degl'Innocenti
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Smart Bio-Interfaces, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, 56025, Italy
| | - Margherita Montorsi
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Smart Bio-Interfaces, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, 56025, Italy
- Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, The BioRobotics Institute, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, 56025, Italy
| | - Andrea Desii
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Smart Bio-Interfaces, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, 56025, Italy
| | - Marta Pero
- Politecnico di Torino, DIMEAS, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Torino, 10129, Italy
| | - Chiara Martinelli
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Smart Bio-Interfaces, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, 56025, Italy
| | - Martina Bartolucci
- IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Core Facilities-Clinical Proteomics and Metabolomics, Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, Genova, 16147, Italy
| | - Andrea Petretto
- IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Core Facilities-Clinical Proteomics and Metabolomics, Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, Genova, 16147, Italy
| | - Gianni Ciofani
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Smart Bio-Interfaces, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, 56025, Italy
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3
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Guo Y, Lee H, Kim C, Park C, Yamamichi A, Chuntova P, Gallus M, Bernabeu MO, Okada H, Jo H, Arvanitis C. Ultrasound frequency-controlled microbubble dynamics in brain vessels regulate the enrichment of inflammatory pathways in the blood-brain barrier. Nat Commun 2024; 15:8021. [PMID: 39271721 PMCID: PMC11399249 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-52329-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Microbubble-enhanced ultrasound provides a noninvasive physical method to locally overcome major obstacles to the accumulation of blood-borne therapeutics in the brain, posed by the blood-brain barrier (BBB). However, due to the highly nonlinear and coupled behavior of microbubble dynamics in brain vessels, the impact of microbubble resonant effects on BBB signaling and function remains undefined. Here, combined theoretical and prospective experimental investigations reveal that microbubble resonant effects in brain capillaries can control the enrichment of inflammatory pathways that are sensitive to wall shear stress and promote differential expression of a range of transcripts in the BBB, supporting the notion that microbubble dynamics exerted mechanical stress can be used to establish molecular, in addition to spatial, therapeutic windows to target brain diseases. Consistent with these findings, a robust increase in cytotoxic T-cell accumulation in brain tumors was observed, demonstrating the functional relevance and potential clinical significance of the observed immuno-mechano-biological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Guo
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Atlanta, USA
- Stanford University, Department of Radiology, Stanford, USA
| | - Hohyun Lee
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Atlanta, USA
| | - Chulyong Kim
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Atlanta, USA
| | - Christian Park
- Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Atlanta, USA
| | - Akane Yamamichi
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Neurological Surgery, San Francisco, USA
| | - Pavlina Chuntova
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Neurological Surgery, San Francisco, USA
| | - Marco Gallus
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Neurological Surgery, San Francisco, USA
| | - Miguel O Bernabeu
- The University of Edinburgh, Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- The University of Edinburgh, The Bayes Centre, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Hideho Okada
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Neurological Surgery, San Francisco, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, USA
| | - Hanjoong Jo
- Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Atlanta, USA
- Emory University, Department of Medicine, Atlanta, USA
| | - Costas Arvanitis
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Atlanta, USA.
- Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Atlanta, USA.
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4
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Ligocki AP, Vinson AV, Yachnis AT, Dunn WA, Smith DE, Scott EA, Alvarez-Castanon JV, Baez Montalvo DE, Frisone OG, Brown GAJ, Pessa JE, Scott EW. Cerebrospinal fluid flow extends to peripheral nerves further unifying the nervous system. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadn3259. [PMID: 39231237 PMCID: PMC11373606 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adn3259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is responsible for maintaining brain homeostasis through nutrient delivery and waste removal for the central nervous system (CNS). Here, we demonstrate extensive CSF flow throughout the peripheral nervous system (PNS) by tracing distribution of multimodal 1.9-nanometer gold nanoparticles, roughly the size of CSF circulating proteins, infused within the lateral cerebral ventricle (a primary site of CSF production). CSF-infused 1.9-nanometer gold transitions from CNS to PNS at root attachment/transition zones and distributes through the perineurium and endoneurium, with ultimate delivery to axoplasm of distal peripheral nerves. Larger 15-nanometer gold fails to transit from CNS to PNS and instead forms "dye-cuffs," as predicted by current dogma of CSF restriction within CNS, identifying size limitations in central to peripheral flow. Intravenous 1.9-nanometer gold is unable to cross the blood-brain/nerve barrier. Our findings suggest that CSF plays a consistent role in maintaining homeostasis throughout the nervous system with implications for CNS and PNS therapy and neural drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander P Ligocki
- Program in Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Augustine V Vinson
- Program in Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Anthony T Yachnis
- Program in Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - William A Dunn
- Program in Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Douglas E Smith
- Program in Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Scott
- Program in Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Jimena V Alvarez-Castanon
- Program in Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Daniel E Baez Montalvo
- Program in Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Olivia G Frisone
- Program in Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Gary A J Brown
- Program in Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Joel E Pessa
- Program in Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Edward W Scott
- Program in Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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5
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Manavi MA, Salehi M, Mohammad Jafari R, Dehpour AR. From dyes to drugs: The historical impact and future potential of dyes in drug discovery. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024:e2400532. [PMID: 39239985 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202400532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
In the late 19th century, progress in dye chemistry led to advances in industrial organic chemistry in Germany. Over the next few decades, this revealed dyes not just as color agents but as promising lead compounds for drug development. Collaborations between dye chemists and medical researchers were crucial in turning these unexpected discoveries into structured medicinal chemistry efforts. The outcomes included major drug classes like sulfa antibiotics, antifungal azoles, and others, resulting in a legacy where dyes served not only as biological stains but as crucial tools for understanding complex natural products and drug interactions. Today, the impact of dye molecules persists in clinical therapies, molecular probing, pharmacokinetic tracing, and high-throughput screening. This review underscores the historical contributions shaping contemporary pharmaceutical sciences, highlighting the role of dyes as indispensable tools propelling drug discovery across generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Amin Manavi
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Salehi
- Research Center for antibiotic stewardship and antimicrobial resistance, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Infectious Disease and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Razieh Mohammad Jafari
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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6
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Lee D, Shen AM, Garbuzenko OB, Minko T. Liposomal Formulations of Anti-Alzheimer Drugs and siRNA for Nose-to-Brain Delivery: Design, Safety and Efficacy In Vitro. AAPS J 2024; 26:99. [PMID: 39231845 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-024-00967-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme (BACE1) represents a key target for Alzheimer's disease (AD) therapy because it is essential for producing the toxic amyloid β (Aβ) peptide that plays a crucial role in the disease's development. BACE1 inhibitors are a promising approach to reducing Aβ levels in the brain and preventing AD progression. However, systemic delivery of such inhibitors to the brain demonstrates limited efficacy because of the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Nose-to-brain (NtB) delivery has the potential to overcome this obstacle. Liposomal drug delivery systems offer several advantages over traditional methods for delivering drugs and nucleic acids from the nose to the brain. The current study aims to prepare, characterize, and evaluate in vitro liposomal forms of donepezil, memantine, BACE-1 siRNA, and their combination for possible treatment of AD via NtB delivery. All the liposomal formulations were prepared using the rotary evaporation method. Their cellular internalization, cytotoxicity, and the suppression of beta-amyloid plaque and other pro-inflammatory cytokine expressions were studied. The Calu-3 Transwell model was used as an in vitro system for mimicking the anatomical and physiological conditions of the nasal epithelium and studying the suitability of the proposed formulations for possible NtB delivery. The investigation results show that liposomes provided the effective intracellular delivery of therapeutics, the potential to overcome tight junctions in BBB, reduced beta-amyloid plaque accumulation and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, supporting the therapeutic potential of our approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, the State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Rutgers, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Andrew M Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, the State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Rutgers, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Olga B Garbuzenko
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, the State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Rutgers, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Tamara Minko
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, the State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Rutgers, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA.
- Environmental and Occupational Health Science Institute, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
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7
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Li L, Jing L, Tang Z, Du J, Zhong Y, Liu X, Yuan M. Dual-targeting liposomes modified with BTP-7 and pHA for combined delivery of TCPP and TMZ to enhance the anti-tumour effect in glioblastoma cells. J Microencapsul 2024; 41:419-433. [PMID: 38989705 DOI: 10.1080/02652048.2024.2376114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
AIM To construct a novel nano-carrier with dual ligands to achieve superior anti-tumour efficacy and lower toxic side effects. METHODS Liposomes were prepared by thin film hydration method. Ultraviolet, high performance liquid chromatography, nano-size analyser, ultrafiltration centrifugation, dialysis, transmission electron microscope, flow cytometry, Cell Counting Kit-8, confocal laser scanning microscopy, transwell, and tumorsphere assay were used to study the characterisations, cytotoxicity, and in vitro targeting of dg-Bcan targeting peptide (BTP-7)/pHA-temozolomide (TMZ)/tetra(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin (TCPP)-Lip. RESULTS BTP-7/pHA-TMZ/TCPP-Lip was a spheroid with a mean diameters of 143 ± 3.214 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.203 ± 0.025 and a surface charge of -22.8 ± 0.425 mV. The drug loadings (TMZ and TCPP) are 7.40 ± 0.23% and 2.05 ± 0.03% (mg/mg); and the encapsulation efficiencies are 81.43 ± 0.51% and 84.28 ± 1.64% (mg/mg). The results showed that BTP-7/pHA-TMZ/TCPP-Lip presented enhanced targeting and cytotoxicity. CONCLUSION BTP-7/pHA-TMZ/TCPP-Lip can specifically target the tumour cells to achieve efficient drug delivery, and improve the anti-tumour efficacy and reduces the systemic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Lin Jing
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Zijun Tang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Jingguo Du
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yonglong Zhong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Mingqing Yuan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
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8
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Gondáš E, Baranovičová E, Šofranko J, Murín R. Hyperglycemia Stimulates the Irreversible Catabolism of Branched-Chain Amino Acids and Generation of Ketone Bodies by Cultured Human Astrocytes. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1803. [PMID: 39200266 PMCID: PMC11351101 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12081803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are considered to possess a noticeable role in brain metabolism and, as a partners in neuron-glia cooperation, to contribute to the synthesis, bioconversion, and regulation of the flux of substrates for neuronal metabolism. With the aim of investigating to what extent human astrocytes are metabolizing amino acids and by which compounds are they enriching their surroundings, we employed a metabolomics analysis of their culture media by 1H-NMR. In addition, we compared the composition of media with either 5 mM or 25 mM glucose. The quantitative analysis of culture media by 1H-NMR revealed that astrocytes readily dispose from their milieu glutamine, branched-chain amino acids, and pyruvate with significantly high rates, while they enrich the culture media with lactate, branched-chain keto acids, citrate, acetate, ketone bodies, and alanine. Hyperglycemia suppressed the capacity of astrocytes to release branched-chain 2-oxo acids, while stimulating the generation of ketone bodies. Our results highlight the active involvement of astrocytes in the metabolism of several amino acids and the regulation of key metabolic intermediates. The observed metabolic activities of astrocytes provide valuable insights into their roles in supporting neuronal function, brain metabolism, and intercellular metabolic interactions within the brain. Understanding the complex metabolic interactions between astrocytes and neurons is essential for elucidating brain homeostasis and the pathophysiology of neurological disorders. The observed metabolic activities of astrocytes provide hints about their putative metabolic roles in brain metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Gondáš
- Department of Pharmacology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Malá Hora 4D, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia;
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Malá Hora 4D, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Eva Baranovičová
- Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Malá Hora 4D, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Jakub Šofranko
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Malá Hora 4D, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Radovan Murín
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Malá Hora 4D, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia;
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9
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Mulay AR, Hwang J, Kim DH. Microphysiological Blood-Brain Barrier Systems for Disease Modeling and Drug Development. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2303180. [PMID: 38430211 PMCID: PMC11338747 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a highly controlled microenvironment that regulates the interactions between cerebral blood and brain tissue. Due to its selectivity, many therapeutics targeting various neurological disorders are not able to penetrate into brain tissue. Pre-clinical studies using animals and other in vitro platforms have not shown the ability to fully replicate the human BBB leading to the failure of a majority of therapeutics in clinical trials. However, recent innovations in vitro and ex vivo modeling called organs-on-chips have shown the potential to create more accurate disease models for improved drug development. These microfluidic platforms induce physiological stressors on cultured cells and are able to generate more physiologically accurate BBBs compared to previous in vitro models. In this review, different approaches to create BBBs-on-chips are explored alongside their application in modeling various neurological disorders and potential therapeutic efficacy. Additionally, organs-on-chips use in BBB drug delivery studies is discussed, and advances in linking brain organs-on-chips onto multiorgan platforms to mimic organ crosstalk are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atharva R. Mulay
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218
| | - Jihyun Hwang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205
| | - Deok-Ho Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205
- Center for Microphysiological Systems, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, 21218
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10
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Meenakshi S, Bahekar T, Narapaka PK, Pal B, Prakash V, Dhingra S, Kumar N, Murti K. Impact of fluorosis on molecular predictors in pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes associated microvascular complications. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2024; 86:127506. [PMID: 39128255 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2024.127506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
AIM This review presents specific insights on the molecular underpinnings of the connection between fluorosis, type 2 diabetes, and microvascular complications, along with the novel biomarkers that are available for early detection. SUMMARY Fluoride is an essential trace element for the mineralization of teeth and bones in humans. Exposure to higher concentrations of fluoride has harmful effects that significantly outweigh its advantageous ones. Dental fluorosis and skeletal fluorosis are the common side effects of exposure to fluoride, which affect millions of individuals globally. Alongside, it also causes non-skeletal fluorosis, which affects the population suffering from non-communicable diseases like diabetes by impacting the soft tissues and causing diabetic microvascular complications. Previous studies reported the prevalence range of these diabetic complications of neuropathy (3-65 %), nephropathy (1-63 %), and retinopathy (2-33 %). Fluoride contributes to the development of these complications by causing oxidative stress, cellular damage, degrading the functioning capability of mitochondria, and thickening the retinal vein basement. CONCLUSION Early diagnosis is a prompt way of prevention, and for that, biomarkers have emerged as an innovative and useful technique. This allows healthcare practitioners and policymakers in endemic areas to comprehend the molecular complexities involved in the advancement of diabetic microvascular problems in the context of high fluoride exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarasa Meenakshi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Vaishali, Bihar 844102, India.
| | - Triveni Bahekar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Vaishali, Bihar 844102, India.
| | - Pavan Kumar Narapaka
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Vaishali, Bihar 844102, India.
| | - Biplab Pal
- Department of Pharmacology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144402 India.
| | - Ved Prakash
- Department of Endocrinology, Indira Gandhi institute of medical sciences (IGIMS), Bailey Road, Sheikhpura, Patna, Bihar 800014, India.
| | - Sameer Dhingra
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Vaishali, Bihar 844102, India.
| | - Nitesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Vaishali, Bihar 844102, India.
| | - Krishna Murti
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Vaishali, Bihar 844102, India.
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11
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Zhang M, Zhong S, An L, Xiang P, Hu N, Huang W, Tian Y, Battaglia G, Tian X, Wu M. Advancing Central Nervous System Drug Delivery with Microtubule-Dependent Transcytosis of Novel Aqueous Compounds. Biomater Res 2024; 28:0051. [PMID: 39050687 PMCID: PMC11268840 DOI: 10.34133/bmr.0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The challenge of delivering therapeutics to the central nervous system due to the restrictive nature of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a substantial hurdle in neuropharmacology. Our research introduces a breakthrough approach using microtubule-dependent transcytosis facilitated by novel aqueous compounds. We synthesized a series of red-emitting pyran nitrile derivatives. The molecular structure of compounds, photophysical properties, and water solubility were characterized. BBB permeability of BN1 was assessed in an in vitro BBB model. The transmembrane transport mechanism was next analyzed. The derivative was injected in the wild-type mouse for evaluation of brain penetration and biodistribution in the brain. We further investigated the potential of BN1-functionalized BBB-nonpenetrated silica nanoparticles for brain targeting. This compound demonstrated an ability to form endosomes within the phospholipid layer, thus enabling efficient penetration of the BBB via microtubule-mediated transcytosis, as evidenced in vitro model. This was further confirmed by in vivo experiments that BN1 displays the excellent BBB penetration and retained in brain parenchyma. Furthermore, BBB-impermeable mesoporous silica nanoparticle codelivery system markedly enhanced the transport efficiency to the brain in vivo by BN1-functionalized. These findings indicate that our designed aqueous molecules not only are capable of traversing the BBB but also serve as a viable new strategy for central-nervous-system-targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Zhang
- Huaxi MR Research Centre (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology and National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics,
West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- The Province Key Laboratory of the Biodiversity Study and Ecology Conservation in Southwest Anhui,
School of Life Science, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246011 China
- Department of Chemistry,
Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry of Anhui Province, Hefei 230039, China
| | - Shaoqi Zhong
- Huaxi MR Research Centre (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology and National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics,
West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- West China Biobanks, Clinical Research Management Department,
West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Lujing An
- The Province Key Laboratory of the Biodiversity Study and Ecology Conservation in Southwest Anhui,
School of Life Science, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246011 China
| | - Pan Xiang
- Huaxi MR Research Centre (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology and National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics,
West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Na Hu
- Huaxi MR Research Centre (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology and National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics,
West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Huang
- West China Biobanks, Clinical Research Management Department,
West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Yupeng Tian
- Department of Chemistry,
Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry of Anhui Province, Hefei 230039, China
| | - Giuseppe Battaglia
- Huaxi MR Research Centre (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology and National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics,
West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Institute for the Physics for Living Systems and Department of Chemistry,
University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, UK
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalunya (IBEC),
The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xiaohe Tian
- Huaxi MR Research Centre (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology and National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics,
West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- The Province Key Laboratory of the Biodiversity Study and Ecology Conservation in Southwest Anhui,
School of Life Science, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246011 China
- West China Biobanks, Clinical Research Management Department,
West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Min Wu
- Huaxi MR Research Centre (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology and National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics,
West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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12
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Inoue Y, Ren Y, Zhang S, Bamkole M, Islam NN, Selvaraj M, Lu W, Caulfield TR, Li Y, Kanekiyo T. A novel histone deacetylase inhibitor W2A-16 improves the barrier integrity in brain vascular endothelial cells. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1368018. [PMID: 39100897 PMCID: PMC11294206 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1368018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The maturation of brain microvascular endothelial cells leads to the formation of a tightly sealed monolayer, known as the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The BBB damage is associated with the pathogenesis of age-related neurodegenerative diseases including vascular cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Growing knowledge in the field of epigenetics can enhance the understanding of molecular profile of the BBB and has great potential for the development of novel therapeutic strategies or targets to repair a disrupted BBB. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) inhibitors are epigenetic regulators that can induce acetylation of histones and induce open chromatin conformation, promoting gene expression by enhancing the binding of DNA with transcription factors. We investigated how HDAC inhibition influences the barrier integrity using immortalized human endothelial cells (HCMEC/D3) and the human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived brain vascular endothelial cells. The endothelial cells were treated with or without a novel compound named W2A-16. W2A-16 not only activates Wnt/β-catenin signaling but also functions as a class I HDAC inhibitor. We demonstrated that the administration with W2A-16 sustained barrier properties of the monolayer of endothelial cells, as evidenced by increased trans-endothelial electrical resistance (TEER). The BBB-related genes and protein expression were also increased compared with non-treated controls. Analysis of transcript profiles through RNA-sequencing in hCMEC/D3 cells indicated that W2A-16 potentially enhances BBB integrity by influencing genes associated with the regulation of the extracellular microenvironment. These findings collectively propose that the HDAC inhibition by W2A-16 plays a facilitating role in the formation of the BBB. Pharmacological approaches to inhibit HDAC may be a potential therapeutic strategy to boost and/or restore BBB integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuteru Inoue
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Yingxue Ren
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Shuwen Zhang
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Michael Bamkole
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Naeyma N. Islam
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | | | - Wenyan Lu
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
- Center for Regenerative Biotherapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | | | - Yonghe Li
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Takahisa Kanekiyo
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
- Center for Regenerative Biotherapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
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13
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Mesut B, Al-Mohaya M, Gholap AD, Yeşilkaya E, Das U, Akhtar MS, Sah R, Khan S, Moin A, Faiyazuddin M. Demystifying the potential of lipid-based nanocarriers in targeting brain malignancies. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03212-6. [PMID: 38963550 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03212-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Drug targeting for brain malignancies is restricted due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-brain tumor barrier (BBTB), which act as barriers between the blood and brain parenchyma. Certainly, the limited therapeutic options for brain malignancies have made notable progress with enhanced biological understanding and innovative approaches, such as targeted therapies and immunotherapies. These advancements significantly contribute to improving patient prognoses and represent a promising shift in the landscape of brain malignancy treatments. A more comprehensive understanding of the histology and pathogenesis of brain malignancies is urgently needed. Continued research focused on unraveling the intricacies of brain malignancy biology holds the key to developing innovative and tailored therapies that can improve patient outcomes. Lipid nanocarriers are highly effective drug delivery systems that significantly improve their solubility, bioavailability, and stability while also minimizing unwanted side effects. Surface-modified lipid nanocarriers (liposomes, niosomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, lipid nanocapsules, lipid-polymer hybrid nanocarriers, lipoproteins, and lipoplexes) are employed to improve BBB penetration and uptake through various mechanisms. This systematic review illuminates and covers various topics related to brain malignancies. It explores the different methods of drug delivery used in treating brain malignancies and delves into the benefits, limitations, and types of brain-targeted lipid-based nanocarriers. Additionally, this review discusses ongoing clinical trials and patents related to brain malignancy therapies and provides a glance into future perspectives for treating this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Mesut
- Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, 34216, Turkey
| | - Mazen Al-Mohaya
- Institute of Health Sciences, Istanbul University, Istanbul, 34216, Turkey
| | - Amol D Gholap
- Department of Pharmaceutics, St. John Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Palghar, 401404, Maharashtra, India
| | - Eda Yeşilkaya
- Institute of Health Sciences, Istanbul University, Istanbul, 34216, Turkey
| | - Ushasi Das
- Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Mohammad Shabib Akhtar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ranjit Sah
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, 44600, Nepal.
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, 411018, Maharashtra, India.
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, 411018, Maharashtra, India.
| | | | - Afrasim Moin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, 2440, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Faiyazuddin
- School of Pharmacy, Al - Karim University, Katihar, 854106, Bihar, India.
- Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
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14
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Chandrasekaran V, Wellens S, Bourguignon A, Djidrovski I, Fransen L, Ghosh S, Mazidi Z, Murphy C, Nunes C, Singh P, Zana M, Armstrong L, Dinnyés A, Grillari J, Grillari-Voglauer R, Leonard MO, Verfaillie C, Wilmes A, Zurich MG, Exner T, Jennings P, Culot M. Evaluation of the impact of iPSC differentiation protocols on transcriptomic signatures. Toxicol In Vitro 2024; 98:105826. [PMID: 38615723 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2024.105826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) have the potential to produce desired target cell types in vitro and allow for the high-throughput screening of drugs/chemicals at population level thereby minimising the cost of drug discovery and drug withdrawals after clinical trials. There is a substantial need for the characterisation of the iPSC derived models to better understand and utilise them for toxicological relevant applications. In our study, iPSC (SBAD2 or SBAD3 lines obtained from StemBANCC project) were differentiated towards toxicologically relevant cell types: alveolar macrophages, brain capillary endothelial cells, brain cells, endothelial cells, hepatocytes, lung airway epithelium, monocytes, podocytes and renal proximal tubular cells. A targeted transcriptomic approach was employed to understand the effects of differentiation protocols on these cell types. Pearson correlation and principal component analysis (PCA) separated most of the intended target cell types and undifferentiated iPSC models as distinct groups with a high correlation among replicates from the same model. Based on PCA, the intended target cell types could also be separated into the three germ layer groups (ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm). Differential expression analysis (DESeq2) presented the upregulated genes in each intended target cell types that allowed the evaluation of the differentiation to certain degree and the selection of key differentiation markers. In conclusion, these data confirm the versatile use of iPSC differentiated cell types as standardizable and relevant model systems for in vitro toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidya Chandrasekaran
- Division of Molecular and Computational Toxicology, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sara Wellens
- University of Artois, UR 2465, Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique (LBHE), Faculté des sciences Jean Perrin, Rue Jean Souvraz SP18, F-62300 Lens, France
| | - Aurore Bourguignon
- BioTalentum Ltd, Gödöllő, Hungary; Department of Physiology and Animal Health, Institute of Physiology and Animal Nutrition, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-2100, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Ivo Djidrovski
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Leonie Fransen
- Toxicology Department, Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards (RCE) Directorate, UK Health Security Agency, Harwell Campus, OX11 0RQ, UK
| | - Sreya Ghosh
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Zahra Mazidi
- Evercyte GmbH, Vienna, Austria; Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cormac Murphy
- Division of Molecular and Computational Toxicology, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Carolina Nunes
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pranika Singh
- Edelweiss Connect GmbH, Technology Park Basel, Hochbergerstrasse 60C, 4057 Basel, Switzerland; Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Lyle Armstrong
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, UK
| | - András Dinnyés
- BioTalentum Ltd, Gödöllő, Hungary; Department of Physiology and Animal Health, Institute of Physiology and Animal Nutrition, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-2100, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Johannes Grillari
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology in cooperation with AUVA, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Martin O Leonard
- Toxicology Department, Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards (RCE) Directorate, UK Health Security Agency, Harwell Campus, OX11 0RQ, UK
| | - Catherine Verfaillie
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anja Wilmes
- Division of Molecular and Computational Toxicology, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marie-Gabrielle Zurich
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Paul Jennings
- Division of Molecular and Computational Toxicology, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Maxime Culot
- University of Artois, UR 2465, Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique (LBHE), Faculté des sciences Jean Perrin, Rue Jean Souvraz SP18, F-62300 Lens, France.
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15
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Toma K, Zhao M, Zhang S, Wang F, Graham HK, Zou J, Modgil S, Shang WH, Tsai NY, Cai Z, Liu L, Hong G, Kriegstein AR, Hu Y, Körbelin J, Zhang R, Liao YJ, Kim TN, Ye X, Duan X. Perivascular neurons instruct 3D vascular lattice formation via neurovascular contact. Cell 2024; 187:2767-2784.e23. [PMID: 38733989 PMCID: PMC11223890 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
The vasculature of the central nervous system is a 3D lattice composed of laminar vascular beds interconnected by penetrating vessels. The mechanisms controlling 3D lattice network formation remain largely unknown. Combining viral labeling, genetic marking, and single-cell profiling in the mouse retina, we discovered a perivascular neuronal subset, annotated as Fam19a4/Nts-positive retinal ganglion cells (Fam19a4/Nts-RGCs), directly contacting the vasculature with perisomatic endfeet. Developmental ablation of Fam19a4/Nts-RGCs led to disoriented growth of penetrating vessels near the ganglion cell layer (GCL), leading to a disorganized 3D vascular lattice. We identified enriched PIEZO2 expression in Fam19a4/Nts-RGCs. Piezo2 loss from all retinal neurons or Fam19a4/Nts-RGCs abolished the direct neurovascular contacts and phenocopied the Fam19a4/Nts-RGC ablation deficits. The defective vascular structure led to reduced capillary perfusion and sensitized the retina to ischemic insults. Furthermore, we uncovered a Piezo2-dependent perivascular granule cell subset for cerebellar vascular patterning, indicating neuronal Piezo2-dependent 3D vascular patterning in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Toma
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mengya Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Shaobo Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hannah K Graham
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jun Zou
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Shweta Modgil
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Wenhao H Shang
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nicole Y Tsai
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zhishun Cai
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Liping Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Guiying Hong
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Arnold R Kriegstein
- Department of Neurology and The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yang Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Jakob Körbelin
- ENDomics Lab, Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ruobing Zhang
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Yaping Joyce Liao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Tyson N Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Xin Ye
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Xin Duan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Physiology and Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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16
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Moreira R, Nóbrega C, de Almeida LP, Mendonça L. Brain-targeted drug delivery - nanovesicles directed to specific brain cells by brain-targeting ligands. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:260. [PMID: 38760847 PMCID: PMC11100082 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02511-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by extensive loss of function or death of brain cells, hampering the life quality of patients. Brain-targeted drug delivery is challenging, with a low success rate this far. Therefore, the application of targeting ligands in drug vehicles, such as lipid-based and polymeric nanoparticles, holds the promise to overcome the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and direct therapies to the brain, in addition to protect their cargo from degradation and metabolization. In this review, we discuss the barriers to brain delivery and the different types of brain-targeting ligands currently in use in brain-targeted nanoparticles, such as peptides, proteins, aptamers, small molecules, and antibodies. Moreover, we present a detailed review of the different targeting ligands used to direct nanoparticles to specific brain cells, like neurons (C4-3 aptamer, neurotensin, Tet-1, RVG, and IKRG peptides), astrocytes (Aquaporin-4, D4, and Bradykinin B2 antibodies), oligodendrocytes (NG-2 antibody and the biotinylated DNA aptamer conjugated to a streptavidin core Myaptavin-3064), microglia (CD11b antibody), neural stem cells (QTRFLLH, VPTQSSG, and NFL-TBS.40-63 peptides), and to endothelial cells of the BBB (transferrin and insulin proteins, and choline). Reports demonstrated enhanced brain-targeted delivery with improved transport to the specific cell type targeted with the conjugation of these ligands to nanoparticles. Hence, this strategy allows the implementation of high-precision medicine, with reduced side effects or unwanted therapy clearance from the body. Nevertheless, the accumulation of some of these nanoparticles in peripheral organs has been reported indicating that there are still factors to be improved to achieve higher levels of brain targeting. This review is a collection of studies exploring targeting ligands for the delivery of nanoparticles to the brain and we highlight the advantages and limitations of this type of approach in precision therapies.
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Grants
- under BrainHealth2020 projects (CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-000008), through the COMPETE 2020 - Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalization and Portuguese national funds via FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, under projects - UIDB/04539/2020 and UIDP/04539/2020, POCI-01-0145-FEDER-030737 (NeuroStemForMJD, PTDC/BTM-ORG/30737/2017), CEECIND/04242/2017, and PhD Scholarship European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through the Centro 2020 Regional Operational Programme
- under BrainHealth2020 projects (CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-000008), through the COMPETE 2020 - Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalization and Portuguese national funds via FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, under projects - UIDB/04539/2020 and UIDP/04539/2020, POCI-01-0145-FEDER-030737 (NeuroStemForMJD, PTDC/BTM-ORG/30737/2017), CEECIND/04242/2017, and PhD Scholarship European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through the Centro 2020 Regional Operational Programme
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Moreira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, polo 1, Coimbra, FMUC, 3004-504, Portugal
- CIBB - Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3004-504, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3000-548, Portugal
| | - Clévio Nóbrega
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), University of Algarve, Faro, 8005-139, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, 8005-139, Portugal
| | - Luís Pereira de Almeida
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, polo 1, Coimbra, FMUC, 3004-504, Portugal
- CIBB - Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3004-504, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3000-548, Portugal
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3030-789, Portugal
| | - Liliana Mendonça
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, polo 1, Coimbra, FMUC, 3004-504, Portugal.
- CIBB - Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3004-504, Portugal.
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3030-789, Portugal.
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17
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Avila A, Zhang SL. A circadian clock regulates the blood-brain barrier across phylogeny. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2024; 126:241-287. [PMID: 39029975 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2024.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
As the central regulatory system of an organism, the brain is responsible for overseeing a wide variety of physiological processes essential for an organism's survival. To maintain the environment necessary for neurons to function, the brain requires highly selective uptake and elimination of specific molecules through the blood-brain barrier (BBB). As an organism's activities vary throughout the day, how does the BBB adapt to meet the changing needs of the brain? A mechanism is through temporal regulation of BBB permeability via its circadian clock, which will be the focal point of this chapter. To comprehend the circadian clock's role within the BBB, we will first examine the anatomy of the BBB and the transport mechanisms enabling it to fulfill its role as a restrictive barrier. Next, we will define the circadian clock, and the discussion will encompass an introduction to circadian rhythms, the Transcription-Translation Feedback Loop (TTFL) as the mechanistic basis of circadian timekeeping, and the organization of tissue clocks found in organisms. Then, we will cover the role of the circadian rhythms in regulating the cellular mechanisms and functions of the BBB. We discuss the implications of this regulation in influencing sleep behavior, the progression of neurodegenerative diseases, and finally drug delivery for treatment of neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Avila
- Cell Biology Department, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Shirley L Zhang
- Cell Biology Department, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.
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18
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Cogill SA, Lee JH, Jeon MT, Kim DG, Chang Y. Hopping the Hurdle: Strategies to Enhance the Molecular Delivery to the Brain through the Blood-Brain Barrier. Cells 2024; 13:789. [PMID: 38786013 PMCID: PMC11119906 DOI: 10.3390/cells13100789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Modern medicine has allowed for many advances in neurological and neurodegenerative disease (ND). However, the number of patients suffering from brain diseases is ever increasing and the treatment of brain diseases remains an issue, as drug efficacy is dramatically reduced due to the existence of the unique vascular structure, namely the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Several approaches to enhance drug delivery to the brain have been investigated but many have proven to be unsuccessful due to limited transport or damage induced in the BBB. Alternative approaches to enhance molecular delivery to the brain have been revealed in recent studies through the existence of molecular delivery pathways that regulate the passage of peripheral molecules. In this review, we present recent advancements of the basic research for these delivery pathways as well as examples of promising ventures to overcome the molecular hurdles that will enhance therapeutic interventions in the brain and potentially save the lives of millions of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinnead Anne Cogill
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea; (S.A.C.); (J.-H.L.); (M.-T.J.)
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyeok Lee
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea; (S.A.C.); (J.-H.L.); (M.-T.J.)
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Tae Jeon
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea; (S.A.C.); (J.-H.L.); (M.-T.J.)
| | - Do-Geun Kim
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea; (S.A.C.); (J.-H.L.); (M.-T.J.)
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongmin Chang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
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19
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Calado M, Ferreira R, Pires D, Santos-Costa Q, Anes E, Brites D, Azevedo-Pereira JM. Unravelling the triad of neuroinvasion, neurodissemination, and neuroinflammation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in the central nervous system. Rev Med Virol 2024; 34:e2534. [PMID: 38588024 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Since the identification of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in 1983, many improvements have been made to control viral replication in the peripheral blood and to treat opportunistic infections. This has increased life expectancy but also the incidence of age-related central nervous system (CNS) disorders and HIV-associated neurodegeneration/neurocognitive impairment and depression collectively referred to as HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). HAND encompasses a spectrum of different clinical presentations ranging from milder forms such as asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment or mild neurocognitive disorder to a severe HIV-associated dementia (HAD). Although control of viral replication and suppression of plasma viral load with combination antiretroviral therapy has reduced the incidence of HAD, it has not reversed milder forms of HAND. The objective of this review, is to describe the mechanisms by which HIV-1 invades and disseminates in the CNS, a crucial event leading to HAND. The review will present the evidence that underlies the relationship between HIV infection and HAND. Additionally, recent findings explaining the role of neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of HAND will be discussed, along with prospects for treatment and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Calado
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Unit, Research Institute for Medicines, iMed-ULisboa, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rita Ferreira
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Unit, Research Institute for Medicines, iMed-ULisboa, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - David Pires
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Unit, Research Institute for Medicines, iMed-ULisboa, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health, Católica Medical School, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Estrada Octávio Pato, Rio de Mouro, Portugal
| | - Quirina Santos-Costa
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Unit, Research Institute for Medicines, iMed-ULisboa, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Elsa Anes
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Unit, Research Institute for Medicines, iMed-ULisboa, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Dora Brites
- Neuroinflammation, Signaling and Neuroregeneration Unit, Research Institute for Medicines, iMed-ULisboa, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - José Miguel Azevedo-Pereira
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Unit, Research Institute for Medicines, iMed-ULisboa, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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20
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Sun W, Wu Y, Ying T. Progress in novel delivery technologies to improve efficacy of therapeutic antibodies. Antiviral Res 2024; 225:105867. [PMID: 38521465 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibody-based therapeutics have achieved remarkable success in treating a wide range of human diseases. However, conventional systemic delivery methods have limitations in insufficient target tissue permeability, high costs, repeated administrations, etc. Novel technologies have been developed to address these limitations and further enhance antibody therapy. Local antibody delivery via respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, eye and blood-brain barrier have shown promising results in increasing local concentrations and overcoming barriers. Nucleic acid-encoded antibodies expressed from plasmid DNA, viral vectors or mRNA delivery platforms also offer advantages over recombinant proteins such as sustained expression, rapid onset, and lower costs. This review summarizes recent advances in antibody delivery methods and highlights innovative technologies that have potential to expand therapeutic applications of antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Sun
- MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms and Infection, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yanling Wu
- MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms and Infection, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Synthetic Immunology, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Tianlei Ying
- MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms and Infection, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Synthetic Immunology, Shanghai 200032, China.
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21
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Yang JY, Shin DS, Jeong M, Kim SS, Jeong HN, Lee BH, Hwang KS, Son Y, Jeong HC, Choi CH, Lee KR, Bae MA. Evaluation of Drug Blood-Brain-Barrier Permeability Using a Microfluidic Chip. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:574. [PMID: 38794236 PMCID: PMC11125197 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16050574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain-barrier (BBB) is made up of blood vessels whose permeability enables the passage of some compounds. A predictive model of BBB permeability is important in the early stages of drug development. The predicted BBB permeabilities of drugs have been confirmed using a variety of in vitro methods to reduce the quantities of drug candidates needed in preclinical and clinical trials. Most prior studies have relied on animal or cell-culture models, which do not fully recapitulate the human BBB. The development of microfluidic models of human-derived BBB cells could address this issue. We analyzed a model for predicting BBB permeability using the Emulate BBB-on-a-chip machine. Ten compounds were evaluated, and their permeabilities were estimated. Our study demonstrated that the permeability trends of ten compounds in our microfluidic-based system resembled those observed in previous animal and cell-based experiments. Furthermore, we established a general correlation between the partition coefficient (Kp) and the apparent permeability (Papp). In conclusion, we introduced a new paradigm for predicting BBB permeability using microfluidic-based systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Yoon Yang
- Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea; (J.Y.Y.); (D.-S.S.); (S.S.K.); (H.N.J.); (B.H.L.); (K.-S.H.); (Y.S.)
| | - Dae-Seop Shin
- Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea; (J.Y.Y.); (D.-S.S.); (S.S.K.); (H.N.J.); (B.H.L.); (K.-S.H.); (Y.S.)
| | - Moonkyu Jeong
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea;
- Laboratory Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seong Soon Kim
- Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea; (J.Y.Y.); (D.-S.S.); (S.S.K.); (H.N.J.); (B.H.L.); (K.-S.H.); (Y.S.)
| | - Ha Neul Jeong
- Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea; (J.Y.Y.); (D.-S.S.); (S.S.K.); (H.N.J.); (B.H.L.); (K.-S.H.); (Y.S.)
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Hoi Lee
- Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea; (J.Y.Y.); (D.-S.S.); (S.S.K.); (H.N.J.); (B.H.L.); (K.-S.H.); (Y.S.)
| | - Kyu-Seok Hwang
- Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea; (J.Y.Y.); (D.-S.S.); (S.S.K.); (H.N.J.); (B.H.L.); (K.-S.H.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yuji Son
- Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea; (J.Y.Y.); (D.-S.S.); (S.S.K.); (H.N.J.); (B.H.L.); (K.-S.H.); (Y.S.)
| | - Hyeon-Cheol Jeong
- Laboratory Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea;
| | - Chi-Hoon Choi
- Department of Radiology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea;
| | - Kyeong-Ryoon Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea;
- Laboratory Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea;
| | - Myung Ae Bae
- Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea; (J.Y.Y.); (D.-S.S.); (S.S.K.); (H.N.J.); (B.H.L.); (K.-S.H.); (Y.S.)
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
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22
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Heo C, Kwak HJ, Ngo LH, Woo RS, Lee SJ. Implementation of the neuro-glia-vascular unit through co-culture of adult neural stem cells and vascular cells and transcriptomic analysis of diverse Aβ assembly types. J Neurosci Methods 2024; 402:110029. [PMID: 38042304 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2023.110029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a specialized layer between blood vessels and tissue in the brain, which is comprised of a neuro-glia-vascular (NGV) unit, thus play a vital role in various brain diseases. NEW METHOD We developed the in vitro NGV units by co-culturing brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs; bEnd.3) and primary neural stem cells extracted from subventricular zone of adult mice. This approach was designed to mimic the RNA profile conditions found in the microvessels of a mouse brain and confirmed through various comparative transcriptome analyses. RESULTS Optimal NGV unit development was achieved by adjusting cell density-dependent co-culture ratios. Specifically, the morphogenic development and neuronal association of astrocyte endfeet were well observed in the contact region with BMECs in the NGV unit. Through transcriptome analysis, we compared co-cultured bEnd.3/NSCs with monocultured bEnd.3 or NSCs and additionally compared them with previously reported mouse brain vascular tissue to show that this NGV unit model is a suitable in vitro model for neurological disease such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHOD(S) This in vitro NGV unit was formed from neural stem cells and vascular cells in the brain of adult mice, not embryos. It is very useful for studying brain disease mechanisms by identifying proteins and genes associated with diseases progress. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that this simple in vitro NGV model is appropriate to investigate the relationship between BBB changes and pathological factors in the fields of neurovascular biology and cerebrovascular diseases including AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaejeong Heo
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics (CINAP), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, South Korea; Institute for Quantum Biophysics (IQB), Department of Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Hee-Jin Kwak
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics (CINAP), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Long Hoang Ngo
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 54896, South Korea
| | - Ran-Sook Woo
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon 34824, South Korea.
| | - Sook-Jeong Lee
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 54896, South Korea.
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23
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Dasram MH, Naidoo P, Walker RB, Khamanga SM. Targeting the Endocannabinoid System Present in the Glioblastoma Tumour Microenvironment as a Potential Anti-Cancer Strategy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1371. [PMID: 38338649 PMCID: PMC10855826 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The highly aggressive and invasive glioblastoma (GBM) tumour is the most malignant lesion among adult-type diffuse gliomas, representing the most common primary brain tumour in the neuro-oncology practice of adults. With a poor overall prognosis and strong resistance to treatment, this nervous system tumour requires new innovative treatment. GBM is a polymorphic tumour consisting of an array of stromal cells and various malignant cells contributing to tumour initiation, progression, and treatment response. Cannabinoids possess anti-cancer potencies against glioma cell lines and in animal models. To improve existing treatment, cannabinoids as functionalised ligands on nanocarriers were investigated as potential anti-cancer agents. The GBM tumour microenvironment is a multifaceted system consisting of resident or recruited immune cells, extracellular matrix components, tissue-resident cells, and soluble factors. The immune microenvironment accounts for a substantial volume of GBM tumours. The barriers to the treatment of glioblastoma with cannabinoids, such as crossing the blood-brain barrier and psychoactive and off-target side effects, can be alleviated with the use of nanocarrier drug delivery systems and functionalised ligands for improved specificity and targeting of pharmacological receptors and anti-cancer signalling pathways. This review has shown the presence of endocannabinoid receptors in the tumour microenvironment, which can be used as a potential unique target for specific drug delivery. Existing cannabinoid agents, studied previously, show anti-cancer potencies via signalling pathways associated with the hallmarks of cancer. The results of the review can be used to provide guidance in the design of future drug therapy for glioblastoma tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sandile M. Khamanga
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6139, South Africa (R.B.W.)
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24
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Ahn Y, Patil CD, Nozohouri E, Zoubi S, Patel D, Bickel U. Higher Brain Uptake of Gentamicin and Ceftazidime under Isoflurane Anesthesia Compared to Ketamine/Xylazine. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:135. [PMID: 38276505 PMCID: PMC10820362 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16010135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
We have recently shown that the volatile anesthetics isoflurane and sevoflurane acutely enhance the brain uptake of the hydrophilic markers sucrose and mannitol about two-fold from an awake condition, while the combined injection of the anesthetic agents ketamine and xylazine has no effect. The present study investigated two small-molecule hydrophilic drugs with potential neurotoxicity, the antibiotic agents ceftazidime and gentamicin. Transport studies using an in vitro blood-brain barrier (BBB) model, a monolayer of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived human brain microvascular endothelial cells seeded on Transwells, and LC-MS/MS analysis demonstrated the low permeability of both drugs in the range of sucrose, with permeability coefficients of 6.62 × 10-7 ± 2.34 × 10-7 cm/s for ceftazidime and 7.38 × 10-7 ± 2.29 × 10-7 cm/s for gentamicin. In vivo brain uptake studies of ceftazidime or gentamicin after IV doses of 25 mg/kg were performed in groups of 5-6 mice anesthetized at typical doses for surgical procedures with either isoflurane (1.5-2% v/v) or ketamine/xylazine (100:10 mg/kg I.P.). The brain uptake clearance, Kin, for ceftazidime increased from 0.033 ± 0.003 μL min-1 g-1 in the ketamine/xylazine group to 0.057 ± 0.006 μL min-1 g-1 in the isoflurane group (p = 0.0001), and from 0.052 ± 0.016 μL min-1 g-1 to 0.101 ± 0.034 μL min-1 g-1 (p = 0.0005) for gentamicin. We did not test the dose dependency of the uptake, because neither ceftazidime nor gentamicin are known substrates of any active uptake or efflux transporters at the BBB. In conclusion, the present study extends our previous findings with permeability markers and suggests that inhalational anesthetic isoflurane increases the BBB permeability of hydrophilic small-molecule endobiotics or xenobiotics when compared to the injection of ketamine/xylazine. This may be of clinical relevance in the case of potential neurotoxic substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeseul Ahn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA (S.Z.); (D.P.)
- Center for Blood-Brain Barrier Research, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Chanakya D. Patil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA (S.Z.); (D.P.)
- Center for Blood-Brain Barrier Research, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Ehsan Nozohouri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA (S.Z.); (D.P.)
- Center for Blood-Brain Barrier Research, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Sumaih Zoubi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA (S.Z.); (D.P.)
- Center for Blood-Brain Barrier Research, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Dhavalkumar Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA (S.Z.); (D.P.)
| | - Ulrich Bickel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA (S.Z.); (D.P.)
- Center for Blood-Brain Barrier Research, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
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25
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Li Y, Shteyman DB, Hachem Z, Ulay AA, Fan J, Fu BM. Heparan Sulfate Modulation Affects Breast Cancer Cell Adhesion and Transmigration across In Vitro Blood-Brain Barrier. Cells 2024; 13:190. [PMID: 38275815 PMCID: PMC10813861 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The disruption of endothelial heparan sulfate (HS) is an early event in tumor cell metastasis across vascular barriers, and the reinforcement of endothelial HS reduces tumor cell adhesion to endothelium. Our recent study showed that while vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) greatly reduces HS at an in vitro blood-brain barrier (BBB) formed by human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (hCMECs), it significantly enhances HS on a breast cancer cell, MDA-MB-231 (MB231). Here, we tested that this differential effect of VEGF on the HS favors MB231 adhesion and transmigration. We also tested if agents that enhance endothelial HS may affect the HS of MB231 and reduce its adhesion and transmigration. To test these hypotheses, we generated an in vitro BBB by culturing hCMECs on either a glass-bottom dish or a Transwell filter. We first quantified the HS of the BBB and MB231 after treatment with VEGF and endothelial HS-enhancing agents and then quantified the adhesion and transmigration of MB231 across the BBB after pretreatment with these agents. Our results demonstrated that the reduced/enhanced BBB HS and enhanced/reduced MB231 HS increase/decrease MB231 adhesion to and transmigration across the BBB. Our findings suggest a therapeutic intervention by targeting the HS-mediated breast cancer brain metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA; (Y.L.); (D.B.S.); (A.A.U.)
| | - David B. Shteyman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA; (Y.L.); (D.B.S.); (A.A.U.)
| | - Zeina Hachem
- Department of Natural Sciences, CASL, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, MI 48128, USA; (Z.H.); (J.F.)
| | - Afaf A. Ulay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA; (Y.L.); (D.B.S.); (A.A.U.)
| | - Jie Fan
- Department of Natural Sciences, CASL, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, MI 48128, USA; (Z.H.); (J.F.)
| | - Bingmei M. Fu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA; (Y.L.); (D.B.S.); (A.A.U.)
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26
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Bobillot M, Delannoy V, Trouillard A, Kinowski JM, Sanchez-Ballester NM, Soulairol I. Potentially Harmful Excipients: State of the Art for Oral Liquid Forms Used in Neonatology and Pediatrics Units. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:119. [PMID: 38258129 PMCID: PMC10820197 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16010119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The pediatric population exhibits an important age-dependent heterogeneity in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics parameters, resulting in differences in drug efficacy and toxicity compared to the adult population, particularly for neonates. Toxicity and efficacy divergences have been studied for active molecules, but the impact on the pharmacological parameters of excipients remains less well known. To fill this lack of knowledge, several initiatives have been started to gather information on the specific toxicity of excipients, such as the KIDS list or the STEP database. In order to contribute to this much-needed action, in this work, a compilation of the 219 formulations of oral liquid forms prescribed in pediatrics and neonatology units was established based on the summary of product characteristics. Then, for excipients found in more than 10% of the analyzed formulations, a review of their toxicity data was carried out using the STEP database. Finally, for a selection of 10 frequently used liquid forms, the amounts of excipients administered daily were calculated based on the recommended posology in the Summary of Product Characteristics (SPC) and compared with the recommended daily limits proposed by the European Medicine Agency. Pediatrics-adapted formulations are still rare, and it is not always possible to find safe alternatives to drugs containing excipients of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Bobillot
- Department of Pharmacy, Nîmes University Hospital, 30900 Nîmes, France; (M.B.); (V.D.); (A.T.); (J.M.K.); (N.M.S.-B.)
| | - Violaine Delannoy
- Department of Pharmacy, Nîmes University Hospital, 30900 Nîmes, France; (M.B.); (V.D.); (A.T.); (J.M.K.); (N.M.S.-B.)
| | - Alexandre Trouillard
- Department of Pharmacy, Nîmes University Hospital, 30900 Nîmes, France; (M.B.); (V.D.); (A.T.); (J.M.K.); (N.M.S.-B.)
| | - Jean Marie Kinowski
- Department of Pharmacy, Nîmes University Hospital, 30900 Nîmes, France; (M.B.); (V.D.); (A.T.); (J.M.K.); (N.M.S.-B.)
| | - Noelia Maria Sanchez-Ballester
- Department of Pharmacy, Nîmes University Hospital, 30900 Nîmes, France; (M.B.); (V.D.); (A.T.); (J.M.K.); (N.M.S.-B.)
- ICGM, Montpellier University, CNRS, ENSCM, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Ian Soulairol
- Department of Pharmacy, Nîmes University Hospital, 30900 Nîmes, France; (M.B.); (V.D.); (A.T.); (J.M.K.); (N.M.S.-B.)
- ICGM, Montpellier University, CNRS, ENSCM, 34090 Montpellier, France
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27
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Bernardino PN, Luo AS, Andrew PM, Unkel CM, Gonzalez MI, Gelli A, Lein PJ. Evidence Implicating Blood-Brain Barrier Impairment in the Pathogenesis of Acquired Epilepsy following Acute Organophosphate Intoxication. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2024; 388:301-312. [PMID: 37827702 PMCID: PMC10801776 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.123.001836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Organophosphate (OP) poisoning can trigger cholinergic crisis, a life-threatening toxidrome that includes seizures and status epilepticus. These acute toxic responses are associated with persistent neuroinflammation and spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRS), also known as acquired epilepsy. Blood-brain barrier (BBB) impairment has recently been proposed as a pathogenic mechanism linking acute OP intoxication to chronic adverse neurologic outcomes. In this review, we briefly describe the cellular and molecular components of the BBB, review evidence of altered BBB integrity following acute OP intoxication, and discuss potential mechanisms by which acute OP intoxication may promote BBB dysfunction. We highlight the complex interplay between neuroinflammation and BBB dysfunction that suggests a positive feedforward interaction. Lastly, we examine research from diverse models and disease states that suggest mechanisms by which loss of BBB integrity may contribute to epileptogenic processes. Collectively, the literature identifies BBB impairment as a convergent mechanism of neurologic disease and justifies further mechanistic research into how acute OP intoxication causes BBB impairment and its role in the pathogenesis of SRS and potentially other long-term neurologic sequelae. Such research is critical for evaluating BBB stabilization as a neuroprotective strategy for mitigating OP-induced epilepsy and possibly seizure disorders of other etiologies. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Clinical and preclinical studies support a link between blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction and epileptogenesis; however, a causal relationship has been difficult to prove. Mechanistic studies to delineate relationships between BBB dysfunction and epilepsy may provide novel insights into BBB stabilization as a neuroprotective strategy for mitigating epilepsy resulting from acute organophosphate (OP) intoxication and non-OP causes and potentially other adverse neurological conditions associated with acute OP intoxication, such as cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro N Bernardino
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California (P.N.B., A.S.L., P.M.A., C.M.U., P.J.L.); Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California (M.I.G.); and Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Davis, California (A.G.)
| | - Audrey S Luo
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California (P.N.B., A.S.L., P.M.A., C.M.U., P.J.L.); Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California (M.I.G.); and Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Davis, California (A.G.)
| | - Peter M Andrew
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California (P.N.B., A.S.L., P.M.A., C.M.U., P.J.L.); Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California (M.I.G.); and Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Davis, California (A.G.)
| | - Chelsea M Unkel
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California (P.N.B., A.S.L., P.M.A., C.M.U., P.J.L.); Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California (M.I.G.); and Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Davis, California (A.G.)
| | - Marco I Gonzalez
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California (P.N.B., A.S.L., P.M.A., C.M.U., P.J.L.); Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California (M.I.G.); and Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Davis, California (A.G.)
| | - Angie Gelli
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California (P.N.B., A.S.L., P.M.A., C.M.U., P.J.L.); Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California (M.I.G.); and Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Davis, California (A.G.)
| | - Pamela J Lein
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California (P.N.B., A.S.L., P.M.A., C.M.U., P.J.L.); Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California (M.I.G.); and Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Davis, California (A.G.)
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28
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Caddy HT, Kelsey LJ, Parker LP, Green DJ, Doyle BJ. Modelling large scale artery haemodynamics from the heart to the eye in response to simulated microgravity. NPJ Microgravity 2024; 10:7. [PMID: 38218868 PMCID: PMC10787773 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-024-00348-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
Abstract
We investigated variations in haemodynamics in response to simulated microgravity across a semi-subject-specific three-dimensional (3D) continuous arterial network connecting the heart to the eye using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. Using this model we simulated pulsatile blood flow in an upright Earth gravity case and a simulated microgravity case. Under simulated microgravity, regional time-averaged wall shear stress (TAWSS) increased and oscillatory shear index (OSI) decreased in upper body arteries, whilst the opposite was observed in the lower body. Between cases, uniform changes in TAWSS and OSI were found in the retina across diameters. This work demonstrates that 3D CFD simulations can be performed across continuously connected networks of small and large arteries. Simulated results exhibited similarities to low dimensional spaceflight simulations and measured data-specifically that blood flow and shear stress decrease towards the lower limbs and increase towards the cerebrovasculature and eyes in response to simulated microgravity, relative to an upright position in Earth gravity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harrison T Caddy
- Vascular Engineering Laboratory, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands, Australia and the UWA Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Sciences), The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Lachlan J Kelsey
- Vascular Engineering Laboratory, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands, Australia and the UWA Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Louis P Parker
- FLOW, Department of Engineering Mechanics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel J Green
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Sciences), The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Barry J Doyle
- Vascular Engineering Laboratory, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands, Australia and the UWA Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
- School of Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
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Pinkiewicz M, Pinkiewicz M, Walecki J, Zaczyński A, Zawadzki M. Breaking Barriers in Neuro-Oncology: A Scoping Literature Review on Invasive and Non-Invasive Techniques for Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:236. [PMID: 38201663 PMCID: PMC10778052 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) poses a significant challenge to drug delivery for brain tumors, with most chemotherapeutics having limited permeability into non-malignant brain tissue and only restricted access to primary and metastatic brain cancers. Consequently, due to the drug's inability to effectively penetrate the BBB, outcomes following brain chemotherapy continue to be suboptimal. Several methods to open the BBB and obtain higher drug concentrations in tumors have been proposed, with the selection of the optimal method depending on the size of the targeted tumor volume, the chosen therapeutic agent, and individual patient characteristics. Herein, we aim to comprehensively describe osmotic disruption with intra-arterial drug administration, intrathecal/intraventricular administration, laser interstitial thermal therapy, convection-enhanced delivery, and ultrasound methods, including high-intensity focused and low-intensity ultrasound as well as tumor-treating fields. We explain the scientific concept behind each method, preclinical/clinical research, advantages and disadvantages, indications, and potential avenues for improvement. Given that each method has its limitations, it is unlikely that the future of BBB disruption will rely on a single method but rather on a synergistic effect of a combined approach. Disruption of the BBB with osmotic infusion or high-intensity focused ultrasound, followed by the intra-arterial delivery of drugs, is a promising approach. Real-time monitoring of drug delivery will be necessary for optimal results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miłosz Pinkiewicz
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Mateusz Pinkiewicz
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Mazowiecki Regional Hospital in Siedlce, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland
| | - Jerzy Walecki
- Division of Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, The National Medical Institute of the Ministry of the Interior and Administration, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Artur Zaczyński
- Department of Neurosurgery, The National Medical Institute of the Ministry of the Interior and Administration, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Zawadzki
- Division of Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, The National Medical Institute of the Ministry of the Interior and Administration, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Radiology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
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30
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Zhou X, Li JJ, Li S, Liu HH, Xu DD, Chi CF, Zheng LB. Transcriptomic analysis of large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) reveals the suppression of the inflammatory response from Cryptocaryon irritans infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 144:109258. [PMID: 38042226 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) is the most productive marine fish in China. Cryptocaryon irritans is an extremely destructive parasite that causes great economic losses in large yellow croaker aquaculture industry. Therefore, it is very necessary to study the immune response of large yellow croaker in response to C. irritans infection. In this study, the transcriptomic profiles of large yellow croaker were sequenced and analyzed in the brain and head kidney at 72 h after C. irritans infection. Cytokines and chemokines related terms were significantly enriched based on the GO enrichment of down-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from the head kidney. Meanwhile, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction was significantly enriched based on the KEGG enrichment of up-regulated DEGs from the brain and down-regulated DEGs from the head kidney, respectively. Moreover, the majority of inflammation-related DEGs were significantly up-regulated in the brain, but distinctly down-regulated in the head kidney. These results showed that the brain and head kidney might play different roles against C. irritans infection, and the inflammatory response of large yellow croaker may be restrained during C. irritans infection. Taken together, the transcriptomic analyses will be helpful to more comprehensively understand the immune mechanism of teleost against C. irritans infection, and provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of Cryptosporidiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhou
- National and Provincial Joint Engineering Research Centre for Marine Germplasm Resources Exploration and Utilization, School of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, 1st Haidanan Road, Changzhi Island, Lincheng, Zhoushan, 316022, China
| | - Jun-Jie Li
- National and Provincial Joint Engineering Research Centre for Marine Germplasm Resources Exploration and Utilization, School of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, 1st Haidanan Road, Changzhi Island, Lincheng, Zhoushan, 316022, China
| | - Shuang Li
- National and Provincial Joint Engineering Research Centre for Marine Germplasm Resources Exploration and Utilization, School of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, 1st Haidanan Road, Changzhi Island, Lincheng, Zhoushan, 316022, China
| | - Hui-Hui Liu
- National and Provincial Joint Engineering Research Centre for Marine Germplasm Resources Exploration and Utilization, School of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, 1st Haidanan Road, Changzhi Island, Lincheng, Zhoushan, 316022, China
| | - Dong-Dong Xu
- Marine Fishery Institute of Zhejiang Province, Key Lab of Mariculture and Enhancement of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan, 316100, China
| | - Chang-Feng Chi
- National and Provincial Joint Engineering Research Centre for Marine Germplasm Resources Exploration and Utilization, School of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, 1st Haidanan Road, Changzhi Island, Lincheng, Zhoushan, 316022, China.
| | - Li-Bing Zheng
- National and Provincial Joint Engineering Research Centre for Marine Germplasm Resources Exploration and Utilization, School of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, 1st Haidanan Road, Changzhi Island, Lincheng, Zhoushan, 316022, China.
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31
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Nakkazi A, Forster D, Whitfield GA, Dyer DP, Dickie BR. A systematic review of normal tissue neurovascular unit damage following brain irradiation-Factors affecting damage severity and timing of effects. Neurooncol Adv 2024; 6:vdae098. [PMID: 39239570 PMCID: PMC11375288 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdae098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Radiotherapy is key in the treatment of primary and secondary brain tumors. However, normal tissue is inevitably irradiated, causing toxicity and contributing to cognitive dysfunction. The relative importance of vascular damage to cognitive decline is poorly understood. Here, we systematically review the evidence for radiation-induced damage to the entire neurovascular unit (NVU), particularly focusing on establishing the factors that influence damage severity, and timing and duration of vascular effects relative to effects on neural tissue. Methods Using PubMed and Web of Science, we searched preclinical and clinical literature published between January 1, 1970 and December 1, 2022 and evaluated factors influencing NVU damage severity and timing of NVU effects resulting from ionizing radiation. Results Seventy-two rodents, 4 canines, 1 rabbit, and 5 human studies met inclusion criteria. Radiation increased blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, reduced endothelial cell number and extracellular matrix proteoglycans, reduced tight junction proteins, upregulated cellular adhesion molecule expression, reduced activity of glucose and BBB efflux transporters and activated glial cells. In the brain parenchyma, increased metalloproteinases 2 and 9 levels, demyelination, cell death, and inhibited differentiation were observed. Effects on the vasculature and neural compartment were observed across acute, delayed, and late timepoints, and damage extent was higher with low linear energy transfer radiation, higher doses, lower dose rates, broader beams, and in the presence of a tumor. Conclusions Irradiation of normal brain tissue leads to widespread and varied impacts on the NVU. Data indicate that vascular damage is in most cases an early effect that does not quickly resolve. More studies are needed to confirm sequence of damages, and mechanisms that lead to cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annet Nakkazi
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance NHS Group, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, Division of Informatics, Imaging, and Data Sciences, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Duncan Forster
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, Division of Informatics, Imaging, and Data Sciences, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Gillian A Whitfield
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Douglas P Dyer
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance NHS Group, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Ben R Dickie
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance NHS Group, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, Division of Informatics, Imaging, and Data Sciences, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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32
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Jorgensen C, Ulmschneider MB, Searson PC. Modeling Substrate Entry into the P-Glycoprotein Efflux Pump at the Blood-Brain Barrier. J Med Chem 2023; 66:16615-16627. [PMID: 38097510 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
We report molecular dynamics simulations of rhodamine entry into the central binding cavity of P-gp in the inward open conformation. Rhodamine can enter the inner volume via passive transport across the luminal membrane or lateral diffusion in the lipid bilayer. Entry into the inner volume is determined by the aperture angle at the apex of the protein, with a critical angle of 27° for rhodamine. The central binding cavity has an aqueous phase with a few lipids, which significantly reduces substrate diffusion. Within the central binding cavity, we identified regions with relatively weak binding, suggesting that the combination of reduced mobility and weak substrate binding confines rhodamine to enable the completion of the efflux cycle. Tariquidar, a P-gp inhibitor, aggregates at the lower arms of the P-gp, suggesting that inhibition involves steric hindrance of entry into the inner volume and/or steric hindrance of access of ATP to the nucleotide-binding domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Jorgensen
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | | | - Peter C Searson
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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33
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Kim J, Shin SA, Lee CS, Chung HJ. An Improved In Vitro Blood-Brain Barrier Model for the Evaluation of Drug Permeability Using Transwell with Shear Stress. Pharmaceutics 2023; 16:48. [PMID: 38258059 PMCID: PMC10820479 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of drugs targeting the central nervous system (CNS) is challenging because of the presence of the Blood-Brain barrier (BBB). Developing physiologically relevant in vitro BBB models for evaluating drug permeability and predicting the activity of drug candidates is crucial. The transwell model is one of the most widely used in vitro BBB models. However, this model has limitations in mimicking in vivo conditions, particularly in the absence of shear stress. This study aimed to overcome the limitations of the transwell model using immortalized human endothelial cells (hCMEC/D3) by developing a novel dish design for an orbital shaker, providing shear stress. During optimization, we assessed cell layer integrity using trans-endothelial electrical resistance measurements and the % diffusion of lucifer yellow. The efflux transporter activity and mRNA expression of junctional proteins (claudin-5, occludin, and VE-cadherin) in the newly optimized model were verified. Additionally, the permeability of 14 compounds was evaluated and compared with published in vivo data. The cell-layer integrity was substantially increased using the newly designed annular shaking-dish model. The results demonstrate that our model provided robust conditions for evaluating the permeability of CNS drug candidates, potentially improving the reliability of in vitro BBB models in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhyeong Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (J.K.); (S.-A.S.); (C.S.L.)
- Anti-Aging Bio Cell factory Regional Leading Research Center (ABC-RLRC), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Ah Shin
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (J.K.); (S.-A.S.); (C.S.L.)
| | - Chang Sup Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (J.K.); (S.-A.S.); (C.S.L.)
| | - Hye Jin Chung
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (J.K.); (S.-A.S.); (C.S.L.)
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Grosso C, Silva A, Delerue-Matos C, Barroso MF. Single and Multitarget Systems for Drug Delivery and Detection: Up-to-Date Strategies for Brain Disorders. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1721. [PMID: 38139848 PMCID: PMC10747932 DOI: 10.3390/ph16121721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes the recent findings on the development of different types of single and multitarget nanoparticles for disease detection and drug delivery to the brain, focusing on promising active principles encapsulated and nanoparticle surface modification and functionalization. Functionalized nanoparticles have emerged as promising tools for the diagnosis and treatment of brain disorders, offering a novel approach to addressing complex neurological challenges. They can act as drug delivery vehicles, transporting one or multiple therapeutic agents across the blood-brain barrier and precisely releasing them at the site of action. In diagnostics, functionalized nanoparticles can serve as highly sensitive contrast agents for imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography scans. By attaching targeting ligands to the nanoparticles, they can selectively accumulate in the affected areas of the brain, enhancing the accuracy of disease detection. This enables early diagnosis and monitoring of conditions like Alzheimer's or Parkinson's diseases. While the field is still evolving, functionalized nanoparticles represent a promising path for advancing our ability to diagnose and treat brain disorders with greater precision, reduced invasiveness, and improved therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Grosso
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; (A.S.); (C.D.-M.); (M.F.B.)
| | - Aurora Silva
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; (A.S.); (C.D.-M.); (M.F.B.)
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, Universidad de Vigo, E-32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Cristina Delerue-Matos
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; (A.S.); (C.D.-M.); (M.F.B.)
| | - Maria Fátima Barroso
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; (A.S.); (C.D.-M.); (M.F.B.)
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Hartung HP, Cree BA, Barnett M, Meuth SG, Bar-Or A, Steinman L. Bioavailable central nervous system disease-modifying therapies for multiple sclerosis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1290666. [PMID: 38162670 PMCID: PMC10755740 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1290666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Disease-modifying therapies for relapsing multiple sclerosis reduce relapse rates by suppressing peripheral immune cells but have limited efficacy in progressive forms of the disease where cells in the central nervous system play a critical role. To our knowledge, alemtuzumab, fumarates (dimethyl, diroximel, and monomethyl), glatiramer acetates, interferons, mitoxantrone, natalizumab, ocrelizumab, ofatumumab, and teriflunomide are either limited to the periphery or insufficiently studied to confirm direct central nervous system effects in participants with multiple sclerosis. In contrast, cladribine and sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulators (fingolimod, ozanimod, ponesimod, and siponimod) are central nervous system-penetrant and could have beneficial direct central nervous system properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Peter Hartung
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Neurology, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Bruce A.C. Cree
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Michael Barnett
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sven G. Meuth
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Amit Bar-Or
- Center for Neuroinflammation and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Lawrence Steinman
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Beckman Center for Molecular Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, United States
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Ligocki AP, Vinson AV, Yachnis AT, Dunn WA, Smith DE, Scott EA, Alvarez-Castanon JV, Montalvo DEB, Frisone OG, Brown GAJ, Pessa JE, Scott EW. Cerebrospinal Fluid Flow Extends to Peripheral Nerves. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.20.567884. [PMID: 38045235 PMCID: PMC10690169 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.20.567884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is an aqueous solution responsible for nutrient delivery and waste removal for the central nervous system (CNS). The three-layer meningeal coverings of the CNS support CSF flow. Peripheral nerves have an analogous three-layer covering consisting of the epineurium, perineurium, and endoneurium. Peripheral axons, located in the inner endoneurium, are bathed in "endoneurial fluid" similar to CSF but of undefined origin. CSF flow in the peripheral nervous system has not been demonstrated. Here we show CSF flow extends beyond the CNS to peripheral nerves in a contiguous flowing system. Utilizing gold nanoparticles, we identified that CSF is continuous with the endoneurial fluid and reveal the endoneurial space as the likely site of CSF flow in the periphery. Nanogold distribution along entire peripheral nerves and within their axoplasm suggests CSF plays a role in nutrient delivery and waste clearance, fundamental aspects of peripheral nerve health and disease. One Sentence Summary Cerebrospinal fluid unites the nervous system by extending beyond the central nervous system into peripheral nerves.
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37
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Jorgensen C, Troendle EP, Ulmschneider JP, Searson PC, Ulmschneider MB. A least-squares-fitting procedure for an efficient preclinical ranking of passive transport across the blood-brain barrier endothelium. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2023; 37:537-549. [PMID: 37573260 PMCID: PMC10505096 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-023-00525-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of various disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) is often impeded by the limited brain exposure of drugs, which is regulated by the human blood-brain barrier (BBB). The screening of lead compounds for CNS penetration is challenging due to the biochemical complexity of the BBB, while experimental determination of permeability is not feasible for all types of compounds. Here we present a novel method for rapid preclinical screening of libraries of compounds by utilizing advancements in computing hardware, with its foundation in transition-based counting of the flux. This method has been experimentally validated for in vitro permeabilities and provides atomic-level insights into transport mechanisms. Our approach only requires a single high-temperature simulation to rank a compound relative to a library, with a typical simulation time converging within 24 to 72 h. The method offers unbiased thermodynamic and kinetic information to interpret the passive transport of small-molecule drugs across the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Jorgensen
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | | | | | - Peter C Searson
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Zhao N, Chung TD, Guo Z, Jamieson JJ, Liang L, Linville RM, Pessell AF, Wang L, Searson PC. The influence of physiological and pathological perturbations on blood-brain barrier function. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1289894. [PMID: 37937070 PMCID: PMC10626523 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1289894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is located at the interface between the vascular system and the brain parenchyma, and is responsible for communication with systemic circulation and peripheral tissues. During life, the BBB can be subjected to a wide range of perturbations or stresses that may be endogenous or exogenous, pathological or therapeutic, or intended or unintended. The risk factors for many diseases of the brain are multifactorial and involve perturbations that may occur simultaneously (e.g., two-hit model for Alzheimer's disease) and result in different outcomes. Therefore, it is important to understand the influence of individual perturbations on BBB function in isolation. Here we review the effects of eight perturbations: mechanical forces, temperature, electromagnetic radiation, hypoxia, endogenous factors, exogenous factors, chemical factors, and pathogens. While some perturbations may result in acute or chronic BBB disruption, many are also exploited for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. The resultant outcome on BBB function depends on the dose (or magnitude) and duration of the perturbation. Homeostasis may be restored by self-repair, for example, via processes such as proliferation of affected cells or angiogenesis to create new vasculature. Transient or sustained BBB dysfunction may result in acute or pathological symptoms, for example, microhemorrhages or hypoperfusion. In more extreme cases, perturbations may lead to cytotoxicity and cell death, for example, through exposure to cytotoxic plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhao
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Tracy D. Chung
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Zhaobin Guo
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - John J. Jamieson
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Lily Liang
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Raleigh M. Linville
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Alex F. Pessell
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Linus Wang
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Peter C. Searson
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Rios-Hoyo A, Arriola E. Immunotherapy and brain metastasis in lung cancer: connecting bench side science to the clinic. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1221097. [PMID: 37876939 PMCID: PMC10590916 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1221097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain metastases (BMs) are the most common form of intracranial malignant neoplasms in adults, with a profound impact on quality of life and traditionally associated with a dismal prognosis. Lung cancer accounts for approximately 40%-50% of BM across different tumors. The process leading to BMs is complex and includes local invasion, intravasation, tumor cells circulation into the bloodstream, disruption of the blood-brain barrier, extravasation of tumor cells into the brain parenchyma, and interaction with cells of the brain microenvironment, among others. Once the tumor cells have seeded in the brain parenchyma, they encounter different glial cells of the brain, as well as immune cells. The interaction between these cells and tumor cells is complex and is associated with both antitumoral and protumoral effects. To overcome the lethal prognosis associated with BMs, different treatment strategies have been developed, such as immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors, particularly inhibitors of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis, which have demonstrated to be an effective treatment in both non-small cell lung cancer and small cell lung cancer. These antibodies have shown to be effective in the treatment of BM, alone or in combination with chemotherapy or radiotherapy. However, many unsolved questions remain to be answered, such as the sequencing of immunotherapy and radiotherapy, the optimal management in symptomatic BMs, the role of the addition of anti-CTLA-4 antibodies, and so forth. The complexity in the management of BMs in the era of immunotherapy requires a multidisciplinary approach to adequately treat this devastating event. The aim of this review is to summarize evidence regarding epidemiology of BM, its pathophysiology, current approach to treatment strategies, as well as future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Rios-Hoyo
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Edurne Arriola
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital del Mar-CIBERONC (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Oncología), Barcelona, Spain
- Cancer Research Program, Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
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Murdoch SÓ, Aiello EM, Doyle FJ. Pharmacokinetic Model-Based Control across the Blood-Brain Barrier for Circadian Entrainment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14830. [PMID: 37834278 PMCID: PMC10573769 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to shift circadian phase in vivo has the potential to offer substantial health benefits. However, the blood-brain barrier prevents the absorption of the majority of large and many small molecules, posing a challenge to neurological pharmaceutical development. Motivated by the presence of the circadian molecule KL001, which is capable of causing phase shifts in a circadian oscillator, we investigated the pharmacokinetics of different neurological pharmaceuticals on the dynamics of circadian phase. Specifically, we developed and validated five different transport models that describe drug concentration profiles of a circadian pharmaceutical at the brain level under oral administration and designed a nonlinear model predictive control (MPC)-based framework for phase resetting. Performance of the novel control algorithm based on the identified pharmacokinetic models was demonstrated through simulations of real-world misalignment scenarios due to jet lag. The time to achieve a complete phase reset for 11-h phase delay ranged between 48 and 72 h, while a 5-h phase advance was compensated in 30 to 60 h. This approach provides mechanistic insight into the underlying structure of the circadian oscillatory system and thus leads to a better understanding of the feasibility of therapeutic manipulations of the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Síofra Ó. Murdoch
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02134, USA; (S.Ó.M.); (E.M.A.)
| | - Eleonora M. Aiello
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02134, USA; (S.Ó.M.); (E.M.A.)
- Sansum Diabetes Research Institute, Santa Barbara, CA 93105, USA
| | - Francis J. Doyle
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02134, USA; (S.Ó.M.); (E.M.A.)
- Sansum Diabetes Research Institute, Santa Barbara, CA 93105, USA
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41
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Huangfu Y, Wang J, Feng J, Zhang ZL. Distal renal tubular system-on-a-chip for studying the pathogenesis of influenza A virus-induced kidney injury. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:4255-4264. [PMID: 37674367 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00616f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Influenza A viruses typically cause acute respiratory infections in humans. However, virus-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) has dramatically increased mortality. The pathogenesis remains poorly understood due to limited disease models. Here, a distal renal tubular system-on-a-chip (dRTSC) was constructed to explore the pathogenesis. The renal tubule-vascular reabsorption interface was recapitulated by co-culturing the distal renal tubule and peritubular vessel with a collagen-coated porous membrane. To study the pathways of influenza virus entry into the kidney, dynamic tracking of fluorescence-labeled virus-infected blood vessels was performed. For the first time, the virus was shown to enter the kidney rapidly by cell-free transmission without disrupting the vascular barrier. Direct virus infection of renal tubules in dRTSC reveals disruption of tight junctions, microvilli formation, polar distribution of ion transporters, and sodium reabsorption function. This robust platform allows for a straightforward investigation of virus-induced AKI pathogenesis. The combination with single-virus tracking technology provides new insights into understanding influenza virus-induced extra-respiratory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyue Huangfu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P.R. China.
| | - Ji Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P.R. China.
| | - Jiao Feng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P.R. China.
| | - Zhi-Ling Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P.R. China.
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42
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Wang HK, Su YT, Ho YC, Lee YK, Chu TH, Chen KT, Wu CC. HDAC1 is Involved in Neuroinflammation and Blood-Brain Barrier Damage in Stroke Pathogenesis. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:4103-4116. [PMID: 37745794 PMCID: PMC10516226 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s416239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Stroke is a common cause of disability and mortality worldwide; however, effective therapy remains limited. In stroke pathogenesis, ischemia/reperfusion injury triggers gliosis and neuroinflammation that further activates matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), thereby damaging the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Increased BBB permeability promotes macrophage infiltration and brain edema, thereby worsening behavioral outcomes and prognosis. Histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) is a repressor of epigenomic gene transcription and participates in DNA damage and cell cycle regulation. Although HDAC1 is deregulated after stroke and is involved in neuronal loss and DNA repair, its role in neuroinflammation and BBB damage remains unknown. Methods The rats with cerebral ischemia were evaluated in behavioral outcomes, levels of inflammation in gliosis and cytokines, and BBB damage by using an endothelin-1-induced rat model with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Results The results revealed that HDAC1 dysfunction could promote BBB damage through the destruction of tight junction proteins, such as ZO-1 and occludin, after stroke in rats. HDAC1 inhibition also increased the levels of astrocyte and microglial gliosis, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1 beta, lactate dehydrogenase, and reactive oxygen species, further triggering MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity. Moreover, modified neurological severity scores for the cylinder test revealed that HDAC1 inhibition deteriorated behavioral outcomes in rats with cerebral ischemia. Discussion HDAC1 plays a crucial role in ischemia/reperfusion-induced neuroinflammation and BBB damage, thus indicating its potential as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Kuang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, E-DA Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
- School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Su
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Ho
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Kuo Lee
- Medical Laboratory, Medical Education and Research Center, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Tian-Huei Chu
- Medical Laboratory, Medical Education and Research Center, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Ti Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Nation Chung-Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chun Wu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
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Vargas-Rodríguez P, Cuenca-Martagón A, Castillo-González J, Serrano-Martínez I, Luque RM, Delgado M, González-Rey E. Novel Therapeutic Opportunities for Neurodegenerative Diseases with Mesenchymal Stem Cells: The Focus on Modulating the Blood-Brain Barrier. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14117. [PMID: 37762420 PMCID: PMC10531435 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders encompass a broad spectrum of profoundly disabling situations that impact millions of individuals globally. While their underlying causes and pathophysiology display considerable diversity and remain incompletely understood, a mounting body of evidence indicates that the disruption of blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, resulting in brain damage and neuroinflammation, is a common feature among them. Consequently, targeting the BBB has emerged as an innovative therapeutic strategy for addressing neurological disorders. Within this review, we not only explore the neuroprotective, neurotrophic, and immunomodulatory benefits of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in combating neurodegeneration but also delve into their recent role in modulating the BBB. We will investigate the cellular and molecular mechanisms through which MSC treatment impacts primary age-related neurological conditions like Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and stroke, as well as immune-mediated diseases such as multiple sclerosis. Our focus will center on how MSCs participate in the modulation of cell transporters, matrix remodeling, stabilization of cell-junction components, and restoration of BBB network integrity in these pathological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Vargas-Rodríguez
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra (IPBLN), CSIC, PT Salud, 18016 Granada, Spain; (P.V.-R.); (J.C.-G.); (I.S.-M.); (M.D.)
| | - Alejandro Cuenca-Martagón
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (A.C.-M.); (R.M.L.)
| | - Julia Castillo-González
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra (IPBLN), CSIC, PT Salud, 18016 Granada, Spain; (P.V.-R.); (J.C.-G.); (I.S.-M.); (M.D.)
| | - Ignacio Serrano-Martínez
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra (IPBLN), CSIC, PT Salud, 18016 Granada, Spain; (P.V.-R.); (J.C.-G.); (I.S.-M.); (M.D.)
| | - Raúl M. Luque
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (A.C.-M.); (R.M.L.)
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Mario Delgado
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra (IPBLN), CSIC, PT Salud, 18016 Granada, Spain; (P.V.-R.); (J.C.-G.); (I.S.-M.); (M.D.)
| | - Elena González-Rey
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra (IPBLN), CSIC, PT Salud, 18016 Granada, Spain; (P.V.-R.); (J.C.-G.); (I.S.-M.); (M.D.)
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Hjelm LC, Hedhammar M, Löfblom J. In vitro Blood-Brain barrier model based on recombinant spider silk protein nanomembranes for evaluation of transcytosis capability of biomolecules. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 669:77-84. [PMID: 37267863 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.05.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) limits the uptake of central nervous system (CNS)-targeting drugs into the brain. Engineering molecular shuttles for active transportation across the barrier has thus potential for improving the efficacy of such drugs. In vitro assessment of potential transcytosis capability for engineered shuttle proteins facilitates ranking and the selection of promising candidates during development. Herein, the development of an assay based on brain endothelial cells cultured on permeable recombinant silk nanomembranes for screening of transcytosis capability of biomolecules is described. The silk nanomembranes supported growth of brain endothelial cells to form confluent monolayers with relevant cell morphology, and induced expression of tight-junction proteins. Evaluation of the assay using an established BBB shuttle antibody showed transcytosis over the membranes with an apparent permeability that significantly differed from the isotype control antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linnea Charlotta Hjelm
- Department of Protein Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Roslagstullsbacken 21, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - My Hedhammar
- Department of Protein Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Roslagstullsbacken 21, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - John Löfblom
- Department of Protein Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Roslagstullsbacken 21, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
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45
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Brandl S, Reindl M. Blood-Brain Barrier Breakdown in Neuroinflammation: Current In Vitro Models. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12699. [PMID: 37628879 PMCID: PMC10454051 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier, which is formed by tightly interconnected microvascular endothelial cells, separates the brain from the peripheral circulation. Together with other central nervous system-resident cell types, including pericytes and astrocytes, the blood-brain barrier forms the neurovascular unit. Upon neuroinflammation, this barrier becomes leaky, allowing molecules and cells to enter the brain and to potentially harm the tissue of the central nervous system. Despite the significance of animal models in research, they may not always adequately reflect human pathophysiology. Therefore, human models are needed. This review will provide an overview of the blood-brain barrier in terms of both health and disease. It will describe all key elements of the in vitro models and will explore how different compositions can be utilized to effectively model a variety of neuroinflammatory conditions. Furthermore, it will explore the existing types of models that are used in basic research to study the respective pathologies thus far.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Markus Reindl
- Clinical Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
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Duncan B, Al-Kassas R, Zhang G, Hughes D, Qiu Y. Ultrasound-Mediated Ocular Drug Delivery: From Physics and Instrumentation to Future Directions. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1575. [PMID: 37630111 PMCID: PMC10456754 DOI: 10.3390/mi14081575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Drug delivery to the anterior and posterior segments of the eye is impeded by anatomical and physiological barriers. Increasingly, the bioeffects produced by ultrasound are being proven effective for mitigating the impact of these barriers on ocular drug delivery, though there does not appear to be a consensus on the most appropriate system configuration and operating parameters for this application. In this review, the fundamental aspects of ultrasound physics most pertinent to drug delivery are presented; the primary phenomena responsible for increased drug delivery efficacy under ultrasound sonication are discussed; an overview of common ocular drug administration routes and the associated ocular barriers is also given before reviewing the current state of the art of ultrasound-mediated ocular drug delivery and its potential future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blair Duncan
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - Raida Al-Kassas
- School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - Guangming Zhang
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - Dave Hughes
- Novosound Ltd., Biocity, BoNess Road, Newhouse, Glasgow ML1 5UH, UK
| | - Yongqiang Qiu
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
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Safwat A, Helmy A, Gupta A. The Role of Substance P Within Traumatic Brain Injury and Implications for Therapy. J Neurotrauma 2023; 40:1567-1583. [PMID: 37132595 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2022.0510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This review examines the role of the neuropeptide substance P within the neuroinflammation that follows traumatic brain injury. It examines it in reference to its preferential receptor, the neurokinin-1 receptor, and explores the evidence for antagonism of this receptor in traumatic brain injury with therapeutic intent. Expression of substance P increases following traumatic brain injury. Subsequent binding to the neurokinin-1 receptor results in neurogenic inflammation, a cause of deleterious secondary effects that include an increased intracranial pressure and poor clinical outcome. In several animal models of TBI, neurokinin-1 receptor antagonism has been shown to reduce brain edema and the resultant rise in intracranial pressure. A brief overview of the history of substance P is presented, alongside an exploration into the chemistry of the neuropeptide with a relevance to its functions within the central nervous system. This review summarizes the scientific and clinical rationale for substance P antagonism as a promising therapy for human TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Safwat
- Division of Anaesthesia, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Adel Helmy
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Arun Gupta
- Neurosciences Critical Care Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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48
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Hartl N, Gabold B, Adams F, Uhl P, Oerter S, Gätzner S, Metzger M, König AC, Hauck SM, Appelt-Menzel A, Mier W, Fricker G, Merkel OM. Overcoming the blood-brain barrier? - prediction of blood-brain permeability of hydrophobically modified polyethylenimine polyplexes for siRNA delivery into the brain with in vitro and in vivo models. J Control Release 2023; 360:613-629. [PMID: 37437848 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a highly selective biological barrier that represents a major bottleneck in the treatment of all types of central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) offers in principle a promising therapeutic approach, e.g., for brain tumors, by downregulating brain tumor-related genes and inhibiting tumor growth via RNA interference. In an effort to develop efficient siRNA nanocarriers for crossing the BBB, we utilized polyethyleneimine (PEI) polymers hydrophobically modified with either stearic-acid (SA) or dodecylacrylamide (DAA) subunits and evaluated their suitability for delivering siRNA across the BBB in in vitro and in vivo BBB models depending on their structure. Physicochemical characteristics of siRNA-polymer complexes (polyplexes (PXs)), e.g., particle size and surface charge, were measured by dynamic light scattering and laser Doppler anemometry, whereas siRNA condensation ability of polymers and polyplex stability was evaluated by spectrophotometric methods. The composition of the biomolecule corona that absorbs on polyplexes upon encountering physiological fluids was investigated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and by a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) method. Cellular internalization abilities of PXs into brain endothelial cells (hCMEC/D3) was confirmed, and a BBB permeation assay using a human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived BBB model revealed similar abilities to cross the BBB for all formulations under physiological conditions. However, biodistribution studies of radiolabeled PXs in mice were inconsistent with in vitro results as the detected amount of radiolabeled siRNA in the brain delivered with PEI PXs was higher compared to PEI-SA PXs. Taken together, PEI PXs were shown to be a suitable nanocarrier to deliver small amounts of siRNA across the BBB into the brain but more sophisticated human BBB models that better represent physiological conditions and biodistribution are required to provide highly predictive in vitro data for human CNS drug development in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natascha Hartl
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Bettina Gabold
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Friederike Adams
- University of Stuttgart, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Macromolecular Materials and Fiber Chemistry, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Philipp Uhl
- University Hospital Heidelberg, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabrina Oerter
- Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research (ISC), Translational Center Regenerative Therapies (TLC-RT), 97070 Würzburg, Germany; University Hospital Würzburg, Chair of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (TERM), 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Gätzner
- Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research (ISC), Translational Center Regenerative Therapies (TLC-RT), 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marco Metzger
- Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research (ISC), Translational Center Regenerative Therapies (TLC-RT), 97070 Würzburg, Germany; University Hospital Würzburg, Chair of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (TERM), 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ann-Christine König
- Helmholtz Centrum Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Research Unit Protein Science, Heidemannsstr. 1, 80939, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanie M Hauck
- Helmholtz Centrum Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Research Unit Protein Science, Heidemannsstr. 1, 80939, Munich, Germany
| | - Antje Appelt-Menzel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research (ISC), Translational Center Regenerative Therapies (TLC-RT), 97070 Würzburg, Germany; University Hospital Würzburg, Chair of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (TERM), 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Walter Mier
- University Hospital Heidelberg, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gert Fricker
- University of Heidelberg, Institute for Pharmacy & Molekular Biotechnology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 329, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Olivia M Merkel
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany.
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Kutluk H, Bastounis EE, Constantinou I. Integration of Extracellular Matrices into Organ-on-Chip Systems. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2203256. [PMID: 37018430 PMCID: PMC11468608 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202203256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex, dynamic network present within all tissues and organs that not only acts as a mechanical support and anchorage point but can also direct fundamental cell behavior, function, and characteristics. Although the importance of the ECM is well established, the integration of well-controlled ECMs into Organ-on-Chip (OoC) platforms remains challenging and the methods to modulate and assess ECM properties on OoCs remain underdeveloped. In this review, current state-of-the-art design and assessment of in vitro ECM environments is discussed with a focus on their integration into OoCs. Among other things, synthetic and natural hydrogels, as well as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) used as substrates, coatings, or cell culture membranes are reviewed in terms of their ability to mimic the native ECM and their accessibility for characterization. The intricate interplay among materials, OoC architecture, and ECM characterization is critically discussed as it significantly complicates the design of ECM-related studies, comparability between works, and reproducibility that can be achieved across research laboratories. Improving the biomimetic nature of OoCs by integrating properly considered ECMs would contribute to their further adoption as replacements for animal models, and precisely tailored ECM properties would promote the use of OoCs in mechanobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazal Kutluk
- Institute of Microtechnology (IMT)Technical University of BraunschweigAlte Salzdahlumer Str. 20338124BraunschweigGermany
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ)Technical University of BraunschweigFranz‐Liszt‐Str. 35a38106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Effie E. Bastounis
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine (IMIT)Eberhard Karls University of TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 28, E872076TübingenGermany
- Cluster of Excellence “Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections” EXC 2124Eberhard Karls University of TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 2872076TübingenGermany
| | - Iordania Constantinou
- Institute of Microtechnology (IMT)Technical University of BraunschweigAlte Salzdahlumer Str. 20338124BraunschweigGermany
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ)Technical University of BraunschweigFranz‐Liszt‐Str. 35a38106BraunschweigGermany
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50
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Fan H, Cai Q, Qin Z. Measurement and Modeling of Transport Across the Blood-Brain Barrier. J Biomech Eng 2023; 145:080803. [PMID: 37338461 PMCID: PMC10321147 DOI: 10.1115/1.4062737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a dynamic regulatory barrier at the interface of blood circulation and the brain parenchyma, which plays a critical role in protecting homeostasis in the central nervous system. However, it also significantly impedes drug delivery to the brain. Understanding the transport across BBB and brain distribution will facilitate the prediction of drug delivery efficiency and the development of new therapies. To date, various methods and models have been developed to study drug transport at the BBB interface, including in vivo brain uptake measurement methods, in vitro BBB models, and mathematic brain vascular models. Since the in vitro BBB models have been extensively reviewed elsewhere, we provide a comprehensive summary of the brain transport mechanisms and the currently available in vivo methods and mathematic models in studying the molecule delivery process at the BBB interface. In particular, we reviewed the emerging in vivo imaging techniques in observing drug transport across the BBB. We discussed the advantages and disadvantages associated with each model to serve as a guide for model selection in studying drug transport across the BBB. In summary, we envision future directions to improve the accuracy of mathematical models, establish noninvasive in vivo measurement techniques, and bridge the preclinical studies with clinical translation by taking the altered BBB physiological conditions into consideration. We believe these are critical in guiding new drug development and precise drug administration in brain disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanwen Fan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080
| | - Qi Cai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080
| | - Zhenpeng Qin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080; Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080; Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390; Center for Advanced Pain Studies, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080
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