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Zhang B, Hu Y, Du H, Han S, Ren L, Cheng H, Wang Y, Gao X, Zheng S, Cui Q, Tian L, Liu T, Sun J, Chai R. Tissue engineering strategies for spiral ganglion neuron protection and regeneration. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:458. [PMID: 39085923 PMCID: PMC11293049 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02742-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Cochlear implants can directly activate the auditory system's primary sensory neurons, the spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs), via circumvention of defective cochlear hair cells. This bypass restores auditory input to the brainstem. SGN loss etiologies are complex, with limited mammalian regeneration. Protecting and revitalizing SGN is critical. Tissue engineering offers a novel therapeutic strategy, utilizing seed cells, biomolecules, and scaffold materials to create a cellular environment and regulate molecular cues. This review encapsulates the spectrum of both human and animal research, collating the factors contributing to SGN loss, the latest advancements in the utilization of exogenous stem cells for auditory nerve repair and preservation, the taxonomy and mechanism of action of standard biomolecules, and the architectural components of scaffold materials tailored for the inner ear. Furthermore, we delineate the potential and benefits of the biohybrid neural interface, an incipient technology in the realm of implantable devices. Nonetheless, tissue engineering requires refined cell selection and differentiation protocols for consistent SGN quality. In addition, strategies to improve stem cell survival, scaffold biocompatibility, and molecular cue timing are essential for biohybrid neural interface integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Public Health, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Yangnan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Public Health, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
- Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
| | - Haoliang Du
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Shanying Han
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Lei Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Public Health, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Hong Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Public Health, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Yusong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Public Health, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Xin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Public Health, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Shasha Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Public Health, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Qingyue Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Public Health, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Lei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Public Health, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
| | - Tingting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Public Health, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
| | - Jiaqiang Sun
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China.
| | - Renjie Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Public Health, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
- Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China.
- Department of Neurology, Aerospace Center Hospital, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China.
- Southeast University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518063, China.
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Xiang Y, Zhao Y, Cheng T, Sun S, Wang J, Pei R. Implantable Neural Microelectrodes: How to Reduce Immune Response. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:2762-2783. [PMID: 38591141 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Implantable neural microelectrodes exhibit the great ability to accurately capture the electrophysiological signals from individual neurons with exceptional submillisecond precision, holding tremendous potential for advancing brain science research, as well as offering promising avenues for neurological disease therapy. Although significant advancements have been made in the channel and density of implantable neural microelectrodes, challenges persist in extending the stable recording duration of these microelectrodes. The enduring stability of implanted electrode signals is primarily influenced by the chronic immune response triggered by the slight movement of the electrode within the neural tissue. The intensity of this immune response increases with a higher bending stiffness of the electrode. This Review thoroughly analyzes the sequential reactions evoked by implanted electrodes in the brain and highlights strategies aimed at mitigating chronic immune responses. Minimizing immune response mainly includes designing the microelectrode structure, selecting flexible materials, surface modification, and controlling drug release. The purpose of this paper is to provide valuable references and ideas for reducing the immune response of implantable neural microelectrodes and stimulate their further exploration in the field of brain science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xiang
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei 230026, PR China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yuewu Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Tingting Cheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Shengkai Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jine Wang
- Jiangxi Institute of Nanotechnology, Nanchang 330200, China
- College of Medicine and Nursing, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Novel Pharmaceutical Excipients, Sustained and Controlled Release Preparations, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, China
| | - Renjun Pei
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei 230026, PR China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
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3
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Wang Y, Yang X, Zhang X, Wang Y, Pei W. Implantable intracortical microelectrodes: reviewing the present with a focus on the future. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2023; 9:7. [PMID: 36620394 PMCID: PMC9814492 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-022-00451-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Implantable intracortical microelectrodes can record a neuron's rapidly changing action potentials (spikes). In vivo neural activity recording methods often have either high temporal or spatial resolution, but not both. There is an increasing need to record more neurons over a longer duration in vivo. However, there remain many challenges to overcome before achieving long-term, stable, high-quality recordings and realizing comprehensive, accurate brain activity analysis. Based on the vision of an idealized implantable microelectrode device, the performance requirements for microelectrodes are divided into four aspects, including recording quality, recording stability, recording throughput, and multifunctionality, which are presented in order of importance. The challenges and current possible solutions for implantable microelectrodes are given from the perspective of each aspect. The current developments in microelectrode technology are analyzed and summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100083 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Xinze Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100083 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Xiwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100083 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Yijun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100083 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, 102206 Beijing, China
| | - Weihua Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100083 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
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Hyakumura T, Aregueta-Robles U, Duan W, Villalobos J, Adams WK, Poole-Warren L, Fallon JB. Improving Deep Brain Stimulation Electrode Performance in vivo Through Use of Conductive Hydrogel Coatings. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:761525. [PMID: 34803592 PMCID: PMC8602793 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.761525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Active implantable neurological devices like deep brain stimulators have been used over the past few decades to treat movement disorders such as those in people with Parkinson’s disease and more recently, in psychiatric conditions like obsessive compulsive disorder. Electrode-tissue interfaces that support safe and effective targeting of specific brain regions are critical to success of these devices. Development of directional electrodes that activate smaller volumes of brain tissue requires electrodes to operate safely with higher charge densities. Coatings such as conductive hydrogels (CHs) provide lower impedances and higher charge injection limits (CILs) than standard platinum electrodes and support safer application of smaller electrode sizes. The aim of this study was to examine the chronic in vivo performance of a new low swelling CH coating that supports higher safe charge densities than traditional platinum electrodes. A range of hydrogel blends were engineered and their swelling and electrical performance compared. Electrochemical performance and stability of high and low swelling formulations were compared during insertion into a model brain in vitro and the formulation with lower swelling characteristics was chosen for the in vivo study. CH-coated or uncoated Pt electrode arrays were implanted into the brains of 14 rats, and their electrochemical performance was tested weekly for 8 weeks. Tissue response and neural survival was assessed histologically following electrode array removal. CH coating resulted in significantly lower voltage transient impedance, higher CIL, lower electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and higher charge storage capacity compared to uncoated Pt electrodes in vivo, and this advantage was maintained over the 8-week implantation. There was no significant difference in evoked potential thresholds, signal-to-noise ratio, tissue response or neural survival between CH-coated and uncoated Pt groups. The significant electrochemical advantage and stability of CH coating in the brain supports the suitability of this coating technology for future development of smaller, higher fidelity electrode arrays with higher charge density requirement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Hyakumura
- The Bionics Institute of Australia, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Bionics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ulises Aregueta-Robles
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Wenlu Duan
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Joel Villalobos
- The Bionics Institute of Australia, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Bionics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Wendy K Adams
- The Bionics Institute of Australia, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Laura Poole-Warren
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Tyree Foundation Institute of Health Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - James B Fallon
- The Bionics Institute of Australia, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Bionics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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5
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Khan ZM, Wilts E, Vlaisavljevich E, Long TE, Verbridge SS. Electroresponsive Hydrogels for Therapeutic Applications in the Brain. Macromol Biosci 2021; 22:e2100355. [PMID: 34800348 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202100355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Electroresponsive hydrogels possess a conducting material component and respond to electric stimulation through reversible absorption and expulsion of water. The high level of hydration, soft elastomeric compliance, biocompatibility, and enhanced electrochemical properties render these hydrogels suitable for implantation in the brain to enhance the transmission of neural electric signals and ion transport. This review provides an overview of critical electroresponsive hydrogel properties for augmenting electric stimulation in the brain. A background on electric stimulation in the brain through electroresponsive hydrogels is provided. Common conducting materials and general techniques to integrate them into hydrogels are briefly discussed. This review focuses on and summarizes advances in electric stimulation of electroconductive hydrogels for therapeutic applications in the brain, such as for controlling delivery of drugs, directing neural stem cell differentiation and neurogenesis, improving neural biosensor capabilities, and enhancing neural electrode-tissue interfaces. The key challenges in each of these applications are discussed and recommendations for future research are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zerin M Khan
- Virginia Tech - Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Emily Wilts
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Eli Vlaisavljevich
- Virginia Tech - Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Timothy E Long
- Biodesign Center for Sustainable Macromolecular Materials and Manufacturing, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Scott S Verbridge
- Virginia Tech - Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
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6
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Fabrication of Soft Tissue Scaffold-Mimicked Microelectrode Arrays Using Enzyme-Mediated Transfer Printing. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12091057. [PMID: 34577700 PMCID: PMC8472004 DOI: 10.3390/mi12091057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels are the ideal materials in the development of implanted bioactive neural interfaces because of the nerve tissue-mimicked physical and biological properties that can enhance neural interfacing compatibility. However, the integration of hydrogels and rigid/dehydrated electronic microstructure is challenging due to the non-reliable interfacial bonding, whereas hydrogels are not compatible with most conditions required for the micromachined fabrication process. Herein, we propose a new enzyme-mediated transfer printing process to design an adhesive biological hydrogel neural interface. The donor substrate was fabricated via photo-crosslinking of gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) containing various conductive nanoparticles (NPs), including Ag nanowires (NWs), Pt NWs, and PEDOT:PSS, to form a stretchable conductive bioelectrode, called NP-doped GelMA. On the other hand, a receiver substrate composed of microbial transglutaminase-incorporated gelatin (mTG-Gln) enabled simultaneous temporally controlled gelation and covalent bond-enhanced adhesion to achieve one-step transfer printing of the prefabricated NP-doped GelMA features. The integrated hydrogel microelectrode arrays (MEA) were adhesive, and mechanically/structurally bio-compliant with stable conductivity. The devices were structurally stable in moisture to support the growth of neuronal cells. Despite that the introduction of AgNW and PEDOT:PSS NPs in the hydrogels needed further study to avoid cell toxicity, the PtNW-doped GelMA exhibited a comparable live cell density. This Gln-based MEA is expected to be the next-generation bioactive neural interface.
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McGlynn E, Nabaei V, Ren E, Galeote‐Checa G, Das R, Curia G, Heidari H. The Future of Neuroscience: Flexible and Wireless Implantable Neural Electronics. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2002693. [PMID: 34026431 PMCID: PMC8132070 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202002693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Neurological diseases are a prevalent cause of global mortality and are of growing concern when considering an ageing global population. Traditional treatments are accompanied by serious side effects including repeated treatment sessions, invasive surgeries, or infections. For example, in the case of deep brain stimulation, large, stiff, and battery powered neural probes recruit thousands of neurons with each pulse, and can invoke a vigorous immune response. This paper presents challenges in engineering and neuroscience in developing miniaturized and biointegrated alternatives, in the form of microelectrode probes. Progress in design and topology of neural implants has shifted the goal post toward highly specific recording and stimulation, targeting small groups of neurons and reducing the foreign body response with biomimetic design principles. Implantable device design recommendations, fabrication techniques, and clinical evaluation of the impact flexible, integrated probes will have on the treatment of neurological disorders are provided in this report. The choice of biocompatible material dictates fabrication techniques as novel methods reduce the complexity of manufacture. Wireless power, the final hurdle to truly implantable neural interfaces, is discussed. These aspects are the driving force behind continued research: significant breakthroughs in any one of these areas will revolutionize the treatment of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eve McGlynn
- Microelectronics LabJames Watt School of EngineeringUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowG12 8QQUnited Kingdom
| | - Vahid Nabaei
- Microelectronics LabJames Watt School of EngineeringUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowG12 8QQUnited Kingdom
| | - Elisa Ren
- Laboratory of Experimental Electroencephalography and NeurophysiologyDepartment of BiomedicalMetabolic and Neural SciencesUniversity of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModena41125Italy
| | - Gabriel Galeote‐Checa
- Microelectronics LabJames Watt School of EngineeringUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowG12 8QQUnited Kingdom
| | - Rupam Das
- Microelectronics LabJames Watt School of EngineeringUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowG12 8QQUnited Kingdom
| | - Giulia Curia
- Laboratory of Experimental Electroencephalography and NeurophysiologyDepartment of BiomedicalMetabolic and Neural SciencesUniversity of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModena41125Italy
| | - Hadi Heidari
- Microelectronics LabJames Watt School of EngineeringUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowG12 8QQUnited Kingdom
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Mikhaylov A, Pimashkin A, Pigareva Y, Gerasimova S, Gryaznov E, Shchanikov S, Zuev A, Talanov M, Lavrov I, Demin V, Erokhin V, Lobov S, Mukhina I, Kazantsev V, Wu H, Spagnolo B. Neurohybrid Memristive CMOS-Integrated Systems for Biosensors and Neuroprosthetics. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:358. [PMID: 32410943 PMCID: PMC7199501 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we provide a perspective concept of neurohybrid memristive chip based on the combination of living neural networks cultivated in microfluidic/microelectrode system, metal-oxide memristive devices or arrays integrated with mixed-signal CMOS layer to control the analog memristive circuits, process the decoded information, and arrange a feedback stimulation of biological culture as parts of a bidirectional neurointerface. Our main focus is on the state-of-the-art approaches for cultivation and spatial ordering of the network of dissociated hippocampal neuron cells, fabrication of a large-scale cross-bar array of memristive devices tailored using device engineering, resistive state programming, or non-linear dynamics, as well as hardware implementation of spiking neural networks (SNNs) based on the arrays of memristive devices and integrated CMOS electronics. The concept represents an example of a brain-on-chip system belonging to a more general class of memristive neurohybrid systems for a new-generation robotics, artificial intelligence, and personalized medicine, discussed in the framework of the proposed roadmap for the next decade period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Mikhaylov
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Alexey Pimashkin
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Yana Pigareva
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | | | - Evgeny Gryaznov
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Sergey Shchanikov
- Department of Information Technologies, Vladimir State University, Murom, Russia
| | - Anton Zuev
- Department of Information Technologies, Vladimir State University, Murom, Russia
| | - Max Talanov
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Igor Lavrov
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- Laboratory of Motor Neurorehabilitation, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | | | - Victor Erokhin
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
- Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia
- CNR-Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism, Italian National Research Council, Parma, Italy
| | - Sergey Lobov
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Center for Technologies in Robotics and Mechatronics Components, Innopolis University, Innopolis, Russia
| | - Irina Mukhina
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Cell Technology Group, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Victor Kazantsev
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Center for Technologies in Robotics and Mechatronics Components, Innopolis University, Innopolis, Russia
| | - Huaqiang Wu
- Institute of Microelectronics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Bernardo Spagnolo
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica-Emilio Segrè, Group of Interdisciplinary Theoretical Physics, Università di Palermo and CNISM, Unità di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
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Rochford AE, Carnicer-Lombarte A, Curto VF, Malliaras GG, Barone DG. When Bio Meets Technology: Biohybrid Neural Interfaces. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1903182. [PMID: 31517403 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201903182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The development of electronics capable of interfacing with the nervous system is a rapidly advancing field with applications in basic science and clinical translation. Devices containing arrays of electrodes can be used in the study of cells grown in culture or can be implanted into damaged or dysfunctional tissue to restore normal function. While devices are typically designed and used exclusively for one of these two purposes, there have been increasing efforts in developing implantable electrode arrays capable of housing cultured cells, referred to as biohybrid implants. Once implanted, the cells within these implants integrate into the tissue, serving as a mediator of the electrode-tissue interface. This biological component offers unique advantages to these implant designs, providing better tissue integration and potentially long-term stability. Herein, an overview of current research into biohybrid devices, as well as the historical background that led to their development are provided, based on the host anatomical location for which they are designed (CNS, PNS, or special senses). Finally, a summary of the key challenges of this technology and potential future research directions are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Rochford
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
| | | | - Vincenzo F Curto
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
| | - George G Malliaras
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
| | - Damiano G Barone
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
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10
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Olczak KP, McDermott MD, Otto KJ. Electrochemical Evaluation of Layer-by-Layer Drug Delivery Coating for Neural Interfaces. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:5597-5607. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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11
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Ramadi KB, Cima MJ. Materials and Devices for Micro-invasive Neural Interfacing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1557/adv.2019.424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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12
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Dagdeviren C, Ramadi KB, Joe P, Spencer K, Schwerdt HN, Shimazu H, Delcasso S, Amemori KI, Nunez-Lopez C, Graybiel AM, Cima MJ, Langer R. Miniaturized neural system for chronic, local intracerebral drug delivery. Sci Transl Med 2019; 10:10/425/eaan2742. [PMID: 29367347 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aan2742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in medications for neurodegenerative disorders are expanding opportunities for improving the debilitating symptoms suffered by patients. Existing pharmacologic treatments, however, often rely on systemic drug administration, which result in broad drug distribution and consequent increased risk for toxicity. Given that many key neural circuitries have sub-cubic millimeter volumes and cell-specific characteristics, small-volume drug administration into affected brain areas with minimal diffusion and leakage is essential. We report the development of an implantable, remotely controllable, miniaturized neural drug delivery system permitting dynamic adjustment of therapy with pinpoint spatial accuracy. We demonstrate that this device can chemically modulate local neuronal activity in small (rodent) and large (nonhuman primate) animal models, while simultaneously allowing the recording of neural activity to enable feedback control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canan Dagdeviren
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Khalil B Ramadi
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Pauline Joe
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kevin Spencer
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Helen N Schwerdt
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Hideki Shimazu
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sebastien Delcasso
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ken-Ichi Amemori
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Carlos Nunez-Lopez
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,IQS School of Engineering, Ramon Llull University, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ann M Graybiel
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Michael J Cima
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. .,Department of Materials Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Robert Langer
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. .,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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13
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Cotler MJ, Rousseau EB, Ramadi KB, Fang J, Graybiel AM, Langer R, Cima MJ. Steerable Microinvasive Probes for Localized Drug Delivery to Deep Tissue. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1901459. [PMID: 31183933 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201901459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced understanding of neuropathologies has created a need for more advanced tools. Current neural implants result in extensive glial scarring and are not able to highly localize drug delivery due to their size. Smaller implants reduce surgical trauma and improve spatial resolution, but such a reduction requires improvements in device design to enable accurate and chronic implantation in subcortical structures. Flexible needle steering techniques offer improved control over implant placement, but often require complex closed-loop control for accurate implantation. This study reports the development of steerable microinvasive neural implants (S-MINIs) constructed from borosilicate capillaries (OD = 60 µm, ID = 20 µm) that do not require closed-loop guidance or guide tubes. S-MINIs reduce glial scarring 3.5-fold compared to prior implants. Bevel steered needles are utilized for open-loop targeting of deep-brain structures. This study demonstrates a sinusoidal relationship between implant bevel angle and the trajectory radius of curvature both in vitro and ex vivo. This relationship allows for bevel-tipped capillaries to be steered to a target with an average error of 0.23 mm ± 0.19 without closed-loop control. Polished microcapillaries present a new microinvasive tool for chronic, predictable targeting of pathophysiological structures without the need for closed-loop feedback and complex imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max J Cotler
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Erin B Rousseau
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Khalil B Ramadi
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Joshua Fang
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Ann M Graybiel
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Robert Langer
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Michael J Cima
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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14
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Adewole DO, Serruya MD, Wolf JA, Cullen DK. Bioactive Neuroelectronic Interfaces. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:269. [PMID: 30983957 PMCID: PMC6449725 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the neural engineering field, next-generation implantable neuroelectronic interfaces are being developed using biologically-inspired and/or biologically-derived materials to improve upon the stability and functional lifetime of current interfaces. These technologies use biomaterials, bioactive molecules, living cells, or some combination of these, to promote host neuronal survival, reduce the foreign body response, and improve chronic device-tissue integration. This article provides a general overview of the different strategies, milestones, and evolution of bioactive neural interfaces including electrode material properties, biological coatings, and "decoration" with living cells. Another such biohybrid approach developed in our lab uses preformed implantable micro-tissue featuring long-projecting axonal tracts encased within carrier biomaterial micro-columns. These so-called "living electrodes" have been engineered with carefully tailored material, mechanical, and biological properties to enable natural, synaptic based modulation of specific host circuitry while ultimately being under computer control. This article provides an overview of these living electrodes, including design and fabrication, performance attributes, as well as findings to date characterizing in vitro and in vivo functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayo O. Adewole
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration and Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Mijail D. Serruya
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - John A. Wolf
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration and Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - D. Kacy Cullen
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration and Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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15
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Vitale F, Shen W, Driscoll N, Burrell JC, Richardson AG, Adewole O, Murphy B, Ananthakrishnan A, Oh H, Wang T, Lucas TH, Cullen DK, Allen MG, Litt B. Biomimetic extracellular matrix coatings improve the chronic biocompatibility of microfabricated subdural microelectrode arrays. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206137. [PMID: 30383805 PMCID: PMC6211660 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracranial electrodes are a vital component of implantable neurodevices, both for acute diagnostics and chronic treatment with open and closed-loop neuromodulation. Their performance is hampered by acute implantation trauma and chronic inflammation in response to implanted materials and mechanical mismatch between stiff synthetic electrodes and pulsating, natural soft host neural tissue. Flexible electronics based on thin polymer films patterned with microscale conductive features can help alleviate the mechanically induced trauma; however, this strategy alone does not mitigate inflammation at the device-tissue interface. In this study, we propose a biomimetic approach that integrates microscale extracellular matrix (ECM) coatings on microfabricated flexible subdural microelectrodes. Taking advantage of a high-throughput process employing micro-transfer molding and excimer laser micromachining, we fabricate multi-channel subdural microelectrodes primarily composed of ECM protein material and demonstrate that the electrochemical and mechanical properties match those of standard, uncoated controls. In vivo ECoG recordings in rodent brain confirm that the ECM microelectrode coatings and the protein interface do not alter signal fidelity. Astrogliotic, foreign body reaction to ECM coated devices is reduced, compared to uncoated controls, at 7 and 30 days, after subdural implantation in rat somatosensory cortex. We propose microfabricated, flexible, biomimetic electrodes as a new strategy to reduce inflammation at the device-tissue interface and improve the long-term stability of implantable subdural electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Vitale
- Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, United States of America
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, United States of America
- Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration & Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia PA, United States of America
| | - Wendy Shen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, United States of America
| | - Nicolette Driscoll
- Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, United States of America
| | - Justin C. Burrell
- Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration & Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia PA, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, United States of America
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, United States of America
| | - Andrew G. Richardson
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, United States of America
| | - Oladayo Adewole
- Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration & Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia PA, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, United States of America
| | - Brendan Murphy
- Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, United States of America
| | - Akshay Ananthakrishnan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, United States of America
| | - Hanju Oh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, United States of America
| | - Theodore Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, United States of America
| | - Timothy H. Lucas
- Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, United States of America
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, United States of America
| | - D. Kacy Cullen
- Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration & Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia PA, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, United States of America
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, United States of America
| | - Mark G. Allen
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, United States of America
| | - Brian Litt
- Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, United States of America
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16
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Shen W, Das S, Vitale F, Richardson A, Ananthakrishnan A, Struzyna LA, Brown DP, Song N, Ramkumar M, Lucas T, Cullen DK, Litt B, Allen MG. Microfabricated intracortical extracellular matrix-microelectrodes for improving neural interfaces. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2018; 4:30. [PMID: 31057918 PMCID: PMC6220172 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-018-0030-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Intracortical neural microelectrodes, which can directly interface with local neural microcircuits with high spatial and temporal resolution, are critical for neuroscience research, emerging clinical applications, and brain computer interfaces (BCI). However, clinical applications of these devices remain limited mostly by their inability to mitigate inflammatory reactions and support dense neuronal survival at their interfaces. Herein we report the development of microelectrodes primarily composed of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, which act as a bio-compatible and an electrochemical interface between the microelectrodes and physiological solution. These ECM-microelectrodes are batch fabricated using a novel combination of micro-transfer-molding and excimer laser micromachining to exhibit final dimensions comparable to those of commercial silicon-based microelectrodes. These are further integrated with a removable insertion stent which aids in intracortical implantation. Results from electrochemical models and in vivo recordings from the rat's cortex indicate that ECM encapsulations have no significant effect on the electrochemical impedance characteristics of ECM-microelectrodes at neurologically relevant frequencies. ECM-microelectrodes are found to support a dense layer of neuronal somata and neurites on the electrode surface with high neuronal viability and exhibited markedly diminished neuroinflammation and glial scarring in early chronic experiments in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Shen
- Krishna P. Singh Center for Nanotechnology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
- Present Address: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | - Suradip Das
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Flavia Vitale
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Andrew Richardson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Akshay Ananthakrishnan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Laura A. Struzyna
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Daniel P. Brown
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Naixin Song
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Murari Ramkumar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Timothy Lucas
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - D. Kacy Cullen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Brian Litt
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Mark G. Allen
- Krishna P. Singh Center for Nanotechnology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
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17
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Focal, remote-controlled, chronic chemical modulation of brain microstructures. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:7254-7259. [PMID: 29941557 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1804372115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct delivery of fluid to brain parenchyma is critical in both research and clinical settings. This is usually accomplished through acutely inserted cannulas. This technique, however, results in backflow and significant dispersion away from the infusion site, offering little spatial or temporal control in delivering fluid. We present an implantable, MRI-compatible, remotely controlled drug delivery system for minimally invasive interfacing with brain microstructures in freely moving animals. We show that infusions through acutely inserted needles target a region more than twofold larger than that of identical infusions through chronically implanted probes due to reflux and backflow. We characterize the dynamics of in vivo infusions using positron emission tomography techniques. Volumes as small as 167 nL of copper-64 and fludeoxyglucose labeled agents are quantified. We further demonstrate the importance of precise drug volume dosing to neural structures to elicit behavioral effects reliably. Selective modulation of the substantia nigra, a critical node in basal ganglia circuitry, via muscimol infusion induces behavioral changes in a volume-dependent manner, even when the total dose remains constant. Chronic device viability is confirmed up to 1-y implantation in rats. This technology could potentially enable precise investigation of neurological disease pathology in preclinical models, and more efficacious treatment in human patients.
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18
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Shoffstall AJ, Paiz J, Miller D, Rial G, Willis M, Menendez D, Hostler S, Capadona JR. Potential for thermal damage to the blood-brain barrier during craniotomy: implications for intracortical recording microelectrodes. J Neural Eng 2018; 15:034001. [PMID: 29205169 PMCID: PMC6482047 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/aa9f32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our objective was to determine how readily disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) occurred as a result of bone drilling during a craniotomy to implant microelectrodes in rat cortex. While the phenomenon of heat production during bone drilling is well known, practices to evade damage to the underlying brain tissue are inconsistently practiced and reported in the literature. APPROACH We conducted a review of the intracortical microelectrode literature to summarize typical approaches to mitigate drill heating during rodent craniotomies. Post mortem skull-surface and transient brain-surface temperatures were experimentally recorded using an infrared camera and thermocouple, respectively. A number of drilling conditions were tested, including varying drill speed and continuous versus intermittent contact. In vivo BBB permeability was assayed 1 h after the craniotomy procedure using Evans blue dye. MAIN RESULTS Of the reviewed papers that mentioned methods to mitigate thermal damage during craniotomy, saline irrigation was the most frequently cited (in six of seven papers). In post mortem tissues, we observed increases in skull-surface temperature ranging from +3 °C to +21 °C, dependent on drill speed. In vivo, pulsed-drilling (2 s-on/2 s-off) and slow-drilling speeds (1000 r.p.m.) were the most effective methods we studied to mitigate heating effects from drilling, while inconclusive results were obtained with saline irrigation. SIGNIFICANCE Neuroinflammation, initiated by damage to the BBB and perpetuated by the foreign body response, is thought to play a key role in premature failure of intracortical recording microelectrodes. This study demonstrates the extreme sensitivity of the BBB to overheating caused by bone drilling. To avoid damage to the BBB, the authors recommend that craniotomies be drilled with slow speeds and/or with intermittent drilling with complete removal of the drill from the skull during 'off' periods. While saline alone was ineffective at preventing overheating, its use is still recommended to remove bone dust from the surgical site and to augment other cooling methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Shoffstall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44016
- Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 10701 East Blvd, 151 W/APT, Cleveland, OH 44106-1702, USA
| | - Jen Paiz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44016
| | - David Miller
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44016
| | - Griffin Rial
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44016
| | - Mitchell Willis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44016
| | - Dhariyat Menendez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44016
| | - Stephen Hostler
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Jeffrey R. Capadona
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44016
- Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 10701 East Blvd, 151 W/APT, Cleveland, OH 44106-1702, USA
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19
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Serruya MD, Harris JP, Adewole DO, Struzyna LA, Burrell JC, Nemes A, Petrov D, Kraft RH, Chen HI, Wolf JA, Cullen DK. Engineered Axonal Tracts as "Living Electrodes" for Synaptic-Based Modulation of Neural Circuitry. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2018; 28:1701183. [PMID: 34045935 PMCID: PMC8152180 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201701183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Brain-computer interface and neuromodulation strategies relying on penetrating non-organic electrodes/optrodes are limited by an inflammatory foreign body response that ultimately diminishes performance. A novel "biohybrid" strategy is advanced, whereby living neurons, biomaterials, and microelectrode/optical technology are used together to provide a biologically-based vehicle to probe and modulate nervous-system activity. Microtissue engineering techniques are employed to create axon-based "living electrodes", which are columnar microstructures comprised of neuronal population(s) projecting long axonal tracts within the lumen of a hydrogel designed to chaperone delivery into the brain. Upon microinjection, the axonal segment penetrates to prescribed depth for synaptic integration with local host neurons, with the perikaryal segment remaining externalized below conforming electrical-optical arrays. In this paradigm, only the biological component ultimately remains in the brain, potentially attenuating a chronic foreign-body response. Axon-based living electrodes are constructed using multiple neuronal subtypes, each with differential capacity to stimulate, inhibit, and/or modulate neural circuitry based on specificity uniquely afforded by synaptic integration, yet ultimately computer controlled by optical/electrical components on the brain surface. Current efforts are assessing the efficacy of this biohybrid interface for targeted, synaptic-based neuromodulation, and the specificity, spatial density and long-term fidelity versus conventional microelectronic or optical substrates alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mijail D Serruya
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - James P Harris
- Center for Brain Injury & Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration & Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Dayo O Adewole
- Center for Brain Injury & Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration & Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Laura A Struzyna
- Center for Brain Injury & Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration & Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Justin C Burrell
- Center for Brain Injury & Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration & Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ashley Nemes
- Center for Brain Injury & Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration & Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Dmitriy Petrov
- Center for Brain Injury & Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration & Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Reuben H Kraft
- Computational Biomechanics Group, Department of Mechanical & Nuclear Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16801, USA
| | - H Isaac Chen
- Center for Brain Injury & Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration & Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - John A Wolf
- Center for Brain Injury & Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration & Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - D Kacy Cullen
- Center for Brain Injury & Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration & Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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20
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Usmani S, Aurand ER, Medelin M, Fabbro A, Scaini D, Laishram J, Rosselli FB, Ansuini A, Zoccolan D, Scarselli M, De Crescenzi M, Bosi S, Prato M, Ballerini L. 3D meshes of carbon nanotubes guide functional reconnection of segregated spinal explants. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2016; 2:e1600087. [PMID: 27453939 PMCID: PMC4956187 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1600087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In modern neuroscience, significant progress in developing structural scaffolds integrated with the brain is provided by the increasing use of nanomaterials. We show that a multiwalled carbon nanotube self-standing framework, consisting of a three-dimensional (3D) mesh of interconnected, conductive, pure carbon nanotubes, can guide the formation of neural webs in vitro where the spontaneous regrowth of neurite bundles is molded into a dense random net. This morphology of the fiber regrowth shaped by the 3D structure supports the successful reconnection of segregated spinal cord segments. We further observed in vivo the adaptability of these 3D devices in a healthy physiological environment. Our study shows that 3D artificial scaffolds may drive local rewiring in vitro and hold great potential for the development of future in vivo interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Usmani
- International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA/ISAS), Trieste 34136, Italy
| | - Emily Rose Aurand
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste 34127, Italy
| | - Manuela Medelin
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste 34127, Italy
| | - Alessandra Fabbro
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste 34127, Italy
| | - Denis Scaini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste 34127, Italy
- NanoInnovation Laboratory, ELETTRA Synchrotron Light Source, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - Jummi Laishram
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste 34127, Italy
| | | | - Alessio Ansuini
- International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA/ISAS), Trieste 34136, Italy
| | - Davide Zoccolan
- International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA/ISAS), Trieste 34136, Italy
| | - Manuela Scarselli
- Department of Physics, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 00173, Italy
| | | | - Susanna Bosi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste 34127, Italy
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste 34127, Italy
- Carbon Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo de Miramón 182, 20009 Donostia–San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
- Corresponding author. (L.B.); (M.P.)
| | - Laura Ballerini
- International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA/ISAS), Trieste 34136, Italy
- Corresponding author. (L.B.); (M.P.)
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21
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Castagnola E, Maggiolini E, Ceseracciu L, Ciarpella F, Zucchini E, De Faveri S, Fadiga L, Ricci D. pHEMA Encapsulated PEDOT-PSS-CNT Microsphere Microelectrodes for Recording Single Unit Activity in the Brain. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:151. [PMID: 27147944 PMCID: PMC4834343 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The long-term reliability of neural interfaces and stability of high-quality recordings are still unsolved issues in neuroscience research. High surface area PEDOT-PSS-CNT composites are able to greatly improve the performance of recording and stimulation for traditional intracortical metal microelectrodes by decreasing their impedance and increasing their charge transfer capability. This enhancement significantly reduces the size of the implantable device though preserving excellent electrical performances. On the other hand, the presence of nanomaterials often rises concerns regarding possible health hazards, especially when considering a clinical application of the devices. For this reason, we decided to explore the problem from a new perspective by designing and testing an innovative device based on nanostructured microspheres grown on a thin tether, integrating PEDOT-PSS-CNT nanocomposites with a soft synthetic permanent biocompatible hydrogel. The pHEMA hydrogel preserves the electrochemical performance and high quality recording ability of PEDOT-PSS-CNT coated devices, reduces the mechanical mismatch between soft brain tissue and stiff devices and also avoids direct contact between the neural tissue and the nanocomposite, by acting as a biocompatible protective barrier against potential nanomaterial detachment. Moreover, the spherical shape of the electrode together with the surface area increase provided by the nanocomposite deposited on it, maximize the electrical contact and may improve recording stability over time. These results have a good potential to contribute to fulfill the grand challenge of obtaining stable neural interfaces for long-term applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Castagnola
- Center for Translational Neurophysiology of Speech and Communication, Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaFerrara, Italy
| | - Emma Maggiolini
- Center for Translational Neurophysiology of Speech and Communication, Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaFerrara, Italy
| | - Luca Ceseracciu
- Department of Smart Materials, Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaGenova, Italy
| | | | - Elena Zucchini
- Section of Human Physiology, University of FerraraFerrara, Italy
| | - Sara De Faveri
- Center for Translational Neurophysiology of Speech and Communication, Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaFerrara, Italy
| | - Luciano Fadiga
- Center for Translational Neurophysiology of Speech and Communication, Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaFerrara, Italy
- Section of Human Physiology, University of FerraraFerrara, Italy
| | - Davide Ricci
- Center for Translational Neurophysiology of Speech and Communication, Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaFerrara, Italy
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22
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Murphy MD, Guggenmos DJ, Bundy DT, Nudo RJ. Current Challenges Facing the Translation of Brain Computer Interfaces from Preclinical Trials to Use in Human Patients. Front Cell Neurosci 2016; 9:497. [PMID: 26778962 PMCID: PMC4702293 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Current research in brain computer interface (BCI) technology is advancing beyond preclinical studies, with trials beginning in human patients. To date, these trials have been carried out with several different types of recording interfaces. The success of these devices has varied widely, but different factors such as the level of invasiveness, timescale of recorded information, and ability to maintain stable functionality of the device over a long period of time all must be considered in addition to accuracy in decoding intent when assessing the most practical type of device moving forward. Here, we discuss various approaches to BCIs, distinguishing between devices focusing on control of operations extrinsic to the subject (e.g., prosthetic limbs, computer cursors) and those focusing on control of operations intrinsic to the brain (e.g., using stimulation or external feedback), including closed-loop or adaptive devices. In this discussion, we consider the current challenges facing the translation of various types of BCI technology to eventual human application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell D Murphy
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of KansasLawrence, KS, USA; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas City, KS, USA
| | - David J Guggenmos
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - David T Bundy
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Randolph J Nudo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas City, KS, USA; Landon Center on Aging, University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas City, KS, USA
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23
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Adewole DO, Serruya MD, Harris JP, Burrell JC, Petrov D, Chen HI, Wolf JA, Cullen DK. The Evolution of Neuroprosthetic Interfaces. Crit Rev Biomed Eng 2016; 44:123-52. [PMID: 27652455 PMCID: PMC5541680 DOI: 10.1615/critrevbiomedeng.2016017198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The ideal neuroprosthetic interface permits high-quality neural recording and stimulation of the nervous system while reliably providing clinical benefits over chronic periods. Although current technologies have made notable strides in this direction, significant improvements must be made to better achieve these design goals and satisfy clinical needs. This article provides an overview of the state of neuroprosthetic interfaces, starting with the design and placement of these interfaces before exploring the stimulation and recording platforms yielded from contemporary research. Finally, we outline emerging research trends in an effort to explore the potential next generation of neuroprosthetic interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayo O. Adewole
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mijail D. Serruya
- Department of Neurology, Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - James P. Harris
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Justin C. Burrell
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dmitriy Petrov
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - H. Isaac Chen
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John A. Wolf
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - D. Kacy Cullen
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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24
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Agorelius J, Tsanakalis F, Friberg A, Thorbergsson PT, Pettersson LME, Schouenborg J. An array of highly flexible electrodes with a tailored configuration locked by gelatin during implantation-initial evaluation in cortex cerebri of awake rats. Front Neurosci 2015; 9:331. [PMID: 26441505 PMCID: PMC4585103 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A major challenge in the field of neural interfaces is to overcome the problem of poor stability of neuronal recordings, which impedes long-term studies of individual neurons in the brain. Conceivably, unstable recordings reflect relative movements between electrode and tissue. To address this challenge, we have developed a new ultra-flexible electrode array and evaluated its performance in awake non-restrained animals. METHODS An array of eight separated gold leads (4 × 10 μm), individually flexible in 3D, were cut from a gold sheet using laser milling and insulated with Parylene C. To provide structural support during implantation into rat cortex, the electrode array was embedded in a hard gelatin based material, which dissolves after implantation. Recordings were made during 3 weeks. At termination, the animals were perfused with fixative and frozen to prevent dislocation of the implanted electrodes. A thick slice of brain tissue, with the electrode array still in situ, was made transparent using methyl salicylate to evaluate the conformation of the implanted electrode array. RESULTS Median noise levels and signal/noise remained relatively stable during the 3 week observation period; 4.3-5.9 μV and 2.8-4.2, respectively. The spike amplitudes were often quite stable within recording sessions and for 15% of recordings where single-units were identified, the highest-SNR unit had an amplitude higher than 150 μV. In addition, high correlations (>0.96) between unit waveforms recorded at different time points were obtained for 58% of the electrode sites. The structure of the electrode array was well preserved 3 weeks after implantation. CONCLUSIONS A new implantable multichannel neural interface, comprising electrodes individually flexible in 3D that retain its architecture and functionality after implantation has been developed. Since the new neural interface design is adaptable, it offers a versatile tool to explore the function of various brain structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Agorelius
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Neuronano Research Centre, Lund UniversityLund, Sweden
- The Nanometer Structure Consortium, Lund UniversityLund, Sweden
| | - Fotios Tsanakalis
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Neuronano Research Centre, Lund UniversityLund, Sweden
| | - Annika Friberg
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Neuronano Research Centre, Lund UniversityLund, Sweden
| | - Palmi T. Thorbergsson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Neuronano Research Centre, Lund UniversityLund, Sweden
| | - Lina M. E. Pettersson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Neuronano Research Centre, Lund UniversityLund, Sweden
| | - Jens Schouenborg
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Neuronano Research Centre, Lund UniversityLund, Sweden
- The Nanometer Structure Consortium, Lund UniversityLund, Sweden
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25
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Shen W, Karumbaiah L, Liu X, Saxena T, Chen S, Patkar R, Bellamkonda RV, Allen MG. Extracellular matrix-based intracortical microelectrodes: Toward a microfabricated neural interface based on natural materials. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2015; 1:15010. [PMID: 30498620 PMCID: PMC6258041 DOI: 10.1038/micronano.2015.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Revised: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM)-based implantable neural electrodes (NEs) were achieved using a microfabrication strategy on natural-substrate-based organic materials. The ECM-based design minimized the introduction of non-natural products into the brain. Further, it rendered the implants sufficiently rigid for penetration into the target brain region and allowed them subsequently to soften to match the elastic modulus of brain tissue upon exposure to physiological conditions, thereby reducing inflammatory strain fields in the tissue. Preliminary studies suggested that ECM-NEs produce a reduced inflammatory response compared with inorganic rigid and flexible approaches. In vivo intracortical recordings from the rat motor cortex illustrate one mode of use for these ECM-NEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Shen
- Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Krishna P. Singh Center for Nanotechnology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lohitash Karumbaiah
- Wallace H Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Xi Liu
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Tarun Saxena
- Wallace H Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Shuodan Chen
- Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Radhika Patkar
- Wallace H Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Ravi V. Bellamkonda
- Wallace H Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Mark G. Allen
- Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Krishna P. Singh Center for Nanotechnology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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26
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Nyitray CE, Chang R, Faleo G, Lance KD, Bernards DA, Tang Q, Desai T. Polycaprolactone Thin-Film Micro- and Nanoporous Cell-Encapsulation Devices. ACS NANO 2015; 9:5675-82. [PMID: 25950860 PMCID: PMC4628825 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b00679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Cell-encapsulating devices can play an important role in advancing the types of tissue available for transplantation and further improving transplant success rates. To have an effective device, encapsulated cells must remain viable, respond to external stimulus, and be protected from immune responses, and the device itself must elicit a minimal foreign body response. To address these challenges, we developed a micro- and a nanoporous thin-film cell encapsulation device from polycaprolactone (PCL), a material previously used in FDA-approved biomedical devices. The thin-film device construct allows long-term bioluminescent transfer imaging, which can be used for monitoring cell viability and device tracking. The ability to tune the microporous and nanoporous membrane allows selective protection from immune cell invasion and cytokine-mediated cell death in vitro, all while maintaining typical cell function, as demonstrated by encapsulated cells' insulin production in response to glucose stimulation. To demonstrate the ability to track, visualize, and monitor the viability of cells encapsulated in implanted thin-film devices, we encapsulated and implanted luciferase-positive MIN6 cells in allogeneic mouse models for up to 90 days. Lack of foreign body response in combination with rapid neovascularization around the device shows promise in using this technology for cell encapsulation. These devices can help elucidate the metrics required for cell encapsulation success and direct future immune-isolation therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal E. Nyitray
- Program in Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of California, San Francisco, 1700 4th Street, Byers Hall, Box 2520, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Ryan Chang
- UCB/UCSF Joint Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco, 1700 4th Street, Byers Hall, Box 2520, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Gaetano Faleo
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue HSE520 Box 0780, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Kevin D. Lance
- UCB/UCSF Joint Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco, 1700 4th Street, Byers Hall, Box 2520, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Daniel A. Bernards
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, 1700 4th Street, Byers Hall, Box 2520, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Qizhi Tang
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue HSE520 Box 0780, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - TejalA Desai
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, 1700 4th Street, Byers Hall, Box 2520, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
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27
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Moloney TC, Ní Fhlathartaigh M, Kulkarni M, Pandit A, Dowd E. Fibrin As a Scaffold for Delivery of GDNF Overexpressing Stem Cells to the Adult Rat Brain. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2015; 1:559-566. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.5b00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa C. Moloney
- Departments of Pharmacology & Therapeutics and ‡Network of Excellence for Functional Biomaterials, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Mary Ní Fhlathartaigh
- Departments of Pharmacology & Therapeutics and ‡Network of Excellence for Functional Biomaterials, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Mangesh Kulkarni
- Departments of Pharmacology & Therapeutics and ‡Network of Excellence for Functional Biomaterials, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Abhay Pandit
- Departments of Pharmacology & Therapeutics and ‡Network of Excellence for Functional Biomaterials, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Eilís Dowd
- Departments of Pharmacology & Therapeutics and ‡Network of Excellence for Functional Biomaterials, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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28
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Hofmann UG, Krüger J. The chronic challenge-new vistas on long-term multisite contacts to the central nervous system. FRONTIERS IN NEUROENGINEERING 2015; 8:3. [PMID: 25852537 PMCID: PMC4364247 DOI: 10.3389/fneng.2015.00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich G Hofmann
- Section for Neuroelectronic Systems, Clinic for Neurosurgery, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg Freiburg, Germany ; Cluster of Excellence "BrainLinks-BrainTools" EXC 1086 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Krüger
- AG Hirnforschung, Universität Freiburg Freiburg, Germany
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29
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Fabregat G, Teixeira-Dias B, del Valle LJ, Armelin E, Estrany F, Alemán C. Incorporation of a clot-binding peptide into polythiophene: properties of composites for biomedical applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:11940-11954. [PMID: 25069384 DOI: 10.1021/am503904h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Biocomposites formed by a pentapeptide (CREKA), which recognizes clotted plasma proteins, entrapped into the poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) matrix have been prepared using three very different procedures. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses indicate that PEDOT-CREKA films, prepared by chronoamperometry in basic aqueous solution (pH = 10.3) and deposited onto a PEDOT internal layer, present the higher concentration of peptide: one CREKA molecule per six polymer repeat units. The surface of this bilayered system shows numerous folds homogeneously distributed, which have been exhaustively characterized by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Indeed, the morphology and topography of such bilayered films is completely different from those of biocomposite-prepared acid aqueous and organic solutions as polymerization media. The impact of the entrapped peptide molecules in the electrochemical properties of the conducting polymer has been found to be practically negligible. In contrast, biocompatibility assays with two different cellular lines indicate that PEDOT-CREKA favors cellular proliferation, which has been attributed to the binding of the peptide to the fibrin molecules from the serum used as a supplement in the culture medium. The latter assumption has been corroborated examining the ability of PEDOT-CREKA to bind fibrin. The latter ability has been also used to explore an alternative strategy based on the treatment of PEDOT-CREKA with fibrin to promote cell attachment and growth. Overall, the results suggest that PEDOT-CREKA is appropriated for multiple biomedical applications combining the electrochemical properties of conducting polymer and the ability of the peptide to recognize and bind proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina Fabregat
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, ETSEIB, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya , Avda. Diagonal 647, Barcelona E-08028, Spain
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30
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Cesca F, Limongi T, Accardo A, Rocchi A, Orlando M, Shalabaeva V, Di Fabrizio E, Benfenati F. Fabrication of biocompatible free-standing nanopatterned films for primary neuronal cultures. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra08361j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel nanopatterned biocompatible PCL film promotes the growth of primary hippocampal neurons (rendered in blue).
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Cesca
- Neuroscience and Brain Technologies Department
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia
- 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - T. Limongi
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
- PSE and BESE Divisions
- Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - A. Accardo
- Nanostructures Department
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia
- 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - A. Rocchi
- Neuroscience and Brain Technologies Department
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia
- 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - M. Orlando
- Neuroscience and Brain Technologies Department
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia
- 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - V. Shalabaeva
- Nanostructures Department
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia
- 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - E. Di Fabrizio
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
- PSE and BESE Divisions
- Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- BIONEM
- Bio-Nanotechnology and Engineering for Medicine
| | - F. Benfenati
- Neuroscience and Brain Technologies Department
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia
- 16163 Genova, Italy
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