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Cui J, Li M, Wu Y, Shen Q, Yan W, Zhang S, Chen M, Zhou J. Exploring the mediating role of the ventral attention network and somatosensory motor network in the association between childhood trauma and depressive symptoms in major depressive disorders. J Affect Disord 2024; 365:1-8. [PMID: 39142581 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood trauma is closely tied to adult depression, but the neurobiological mechanisms remain unclear. Previous studies suggested associations between depression and large-scale brain networks such as the Ventral Attention Network (VAN) and Somatosensory Motor Network (SMN). This study hypothesized that functional connectivity (FC) within and between these networks mediates the link between childhood trauma and adult depression. METHODS The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) assessed developmental experiences, and the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD-17) gauged depressive symptoms. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) analyzed FC within and between the VAN and SMN. RESULTS Depression group exhibited significantly higher HAMD and CTQ scores, as well as elevated FC within the VAN and between the VAN and SMN (P < 0.05). Positive correlations were found between HAMD total score and FC within the VAN (P < 0.05, r = 0.35) and between the VAN and SMN (P < 0.05, r = 0.34), as well as with CTQ total score (P < 0.05, r = 0.27). Positive correlations were also observed between CTQ total score and FC within the VAN (P < 0.05, r = 0.31) and between the VAN and SMN (P < 0.05, r = 0.29). In the mediation model, FC within and between the VAN and SMN significantly mediated childhood trauma and depression. LIMITATIONS The cross-sectional design limits causal inference. The sample size for different trauma types is relatively small, urging caution in generalizing findings. CONCLUSIONS The study underscores the association between depression severity, VAN dysfunction, abnormal VAN-SMN FC, and childhood trauma. These findings contribute to understanding the neurobiological mechanisms underlying childhood trauma and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Cui
- Department of Psychiatry, Shandong Daizhuang Hospital, Jining, Shandong, China; Precision Medicine Laboratory, Shandong Daizhuang Hospital, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Shandong Daizhuang Hospital, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Yang Wu
- School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Qinge Shen
- School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Psychiatry, Shandong Daizhuang Hospital, Jining, Shandong, China; Precision Medicine Laboratory, Shandong Daizhuang Hospital, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Shudong Zhang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Shandong Daizhuang Hospital, Jining, Shandong, China; School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Jingjing Zhou
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Moallem BI, Wen Z, Hammoud MZ, Su W, Pace-Schott EF, Milad MR. Impact of trauma type on neural mechanisms of threat conditioning and its extinction. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 178:50-58. [PMID: 39121707 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Trauma type moderates the impact of trauma exposure on clinical symptomatology; however, the impact of trauma type on the neural correlates of emotion regulation is not as well understood. This study examines how violent and nonviolent trauma differentially influence the neural correlates of conditioned fear and extinction. We aggregated psychophysiological and fMRI data from three studies; we categorized reported trauma as violent or nonviolent, and subdivided violent trauma as sexual or nonsexual. We examined skin conductance responses (SCR) during a fear conditioning and extinction paradigm. For fMRI data analyses, we conducted region-specific and whole-brain analyses. We examined associations between beta weights from specific brain regions and CAPS scores. The group exposed to violent trauma showed significantly higher SCR during extinction recall. Those exposed to nonviolent trauma showed significantly higher functional activation during late extinction learning. The group exposed to violent trauma showed higher functional connectivity within the default mode network (DMN) and between the DMN and frontoparietal control network. For secondary analyses of sexual vs nonsexual trauma, we did not observe any between-group differences in SCR. During late extinction learning, the group exposed to sexual trauma showed significantly higher activation in the prefrontal cortex and precuneus. During extinction recall, the group exposed to nonsexual trauma showed significantly higher activation in the insular cortex. Violent trauma significantly impacts functional brain activations and connectivity in brain areas important for perception and attention with no significant impact on brain areas that modulate emotion regulation. Sexual trauma impacts brain areas important for internal perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Isabel Moallem
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, 10016, USA; Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Zhenfu Wen
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, 10016, USA; Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Mira Z Hammoud
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, 10016, USA; Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Wenjun Su
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Edward F Pace-Schott
- Sleep and Anxiety Disorders Laboratory, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Mohammed R Milad
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, 10016, USA; Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, 77054, USA.
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Thomas LR, Bessette KL, Westlund Schreiner M, Dillahunt AK, Frandsen SB, Pocius SL, Schubert BL, Farstead BW, Roberts H, Watkins ER, Kerig PK, Crowell SE, Langenecker SA. Early Emergence of Rumination has no Association with Performance on a Non-affective Inhibitory Control Task. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2024; 55:1308-1324. [PMID: 36637686 PMCID: PMC9839218 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-022-01484-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Rumination is a vulnerability for depression and potentially linked to inhibitory control weaknesses. We aimed to replicate the association observed in adults between inhibitory control and rumination in adolescents, and to examine putative moderating roles of childhood maltreatment and perceived family cohesion in an adolescent sample at risk for depression due to familial/personal history. Ninety adolescents aged 11-17 (M = 14.6, SD = 1.8) completed self-report scales of rumination, maltreatment, and family cohesion, and performed a task assessing inhibitory control. Hierarchical regression models showed no significant relation between inhibitory control and moderator variables on rumination. However, adolescents who reported higher levels of maltreatment and who perceived lower family cohesion tended to indicate higher levels of rumination (BChilhood Maltreatment = 27.52, 95% CIs [5.63, 49.41], BFamily Cohesion = -0.40, 95% CIs [-0.65, -0.15]). These findings demonstrate an alternative understanding of factors that increase depression onset risk and recurrence in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah R Thomas
- Department of Psychiatry, Huntsman Mental Health Institute, University of Utah, 501 Chipeta Way, 84108, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah, 84112, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Katie L Bessette
- Department of Psychiatry, Huntsman Mental Health Institute, University of Utah, 501 Chipeta Way, 84108, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 60607, Chicago, IL, USA
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, 90024, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Melinda Westlund Schreiner
- Department of Psychiatry, Huntsman Mental Health Institute, University of Utah, 501 Chipeta Way, 84108, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Alina K Dillahunt
- Department of Psychiatry, Huntsman Mental Health Institute, University of Utah, 501 Chipeta Way, 84108, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Summer B Frandsen
- Department of Psychiatry, Huntsman Mental Health Institute, University of Utah, 501 Chipeta Way, 84108, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Stephanie L Pocius
- Department of Psychiatry, Huntsman Mental Health Institute, University of Utah, 501 Chipeta Way, 84108, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Briana Lee Schubert
- Department of Psychiatry, Huntsman Mental Health Institute, University of Utah, 501 Chipeta Way, 84108, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Brian W Farstead
- Department of Psychiatry, Huntsman Mental Health Institute, University of Utah, 501 Chipeta Way, 84108, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | | | - Patricia K Kerig
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah, 84112, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Sheila E Crowell
- Department of Psychiatry, Huntsman Mental Health Institute, University of Utah, 501 Chipeta Way, 84108, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah, 84112, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah, 84112, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Scott A Langenecker
- Department of Psychiatry, Huntsman Mental Health Institute, University of Utah, 501 Chipeta Way, 84108, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Cifre AB, Vieira A, Baker C, Myers A, Rech ME, Kim J, Zhang Y, Alfano CA. Do weighted blankets improve sleep among children with a history of maltreatment? A randomized controlled crossover trial. J Clin Sleep Med 2024; 20:1405-1413. [PMID: 38607244 PMCID: PMC11367729 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.11152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Sleep disruption is prevalent and persistent among children who experience maltreatment/interpersonal trauma. Weighted blankets have gained popularity in recent years as a potential nonpharmacological intervention for improving sleep in various populations, but their efficacy has not been examined among maltreated children. The current study used a randomized, within-subjects, crossover design to examine whether the use of a weighted blanket improves objective and/or subjective indices of sleep among 30 children, ages 6-15 years (mean = 9.7, standard deviation = 2.9) adopted from foster care. METHODS Participants used a weighted blanket for 2 weeks and their usual (unweighted) blanket for 2 weeks in a counterbalanced order. Sleep outcomes were measured using actigraphy and subjective sleep diaries. RESULTS No differences in actigraphy-based or subjective estimates of total sleep time, sleep onset latency, wake after sleep onset, or sleep quality ratings were found based on blanket type. Child age, biological sex, timing of participation (school year vs summer months), and maltreatment/trauma history did not impact outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Although we did not find evidence that weighted blankets improve sleep among children with a history of maltreatment/interpersonal trauma, additional well-controlled studies using larger samples of children are needed. CITATION Cifre AB, Vieira A, Baker C, et al. Do weighted blankets improve sleep among children with a history of maltreatment? A randomized controlled crossover trial. J Clin Sleep Med. 2024;20(9):1405-1413.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony B Cifre
- Sleep and Anxiety Center of Houston, Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Alyssa Vieira
- Sleep and Anxiety Center of Houston, Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Carter Baker
- Sleep and Anxiety Center of Houston, Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Annika Myers
- Sleep and Anxiety Center of Houston, Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Megan E Rech
- Sleep and Anxiety Center of Houston, Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Jinu Kim
- Sleep and Anxiety Center of Houston, Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Yuexin Zhang
- Sleep and Anxiety Center of Houston, Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Candice A Alfano
- Sleep and Anxiety Center of Houston, Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
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Christensen R, Chau V, Synnes A, Guo T, Ufkes S, Grunau RE, Miller SP. Preterm Sex Differences in Neurodevelopment and Brain Development From Early Life to 8 years. J Pediatr 2024:114271. [PMID: 39218208 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2024.114271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine sex differences in neurodevelopmental outcomes and brain development from early life to 8 years in males and females born preterm. STUDY DESIGN This was a prospective cohort study of infants born very preterm (24-32 weeks' gestation) and followed to 8 years with standardized measures of neurodevelopment. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were performed soon after birth, term-equivalent age, and 8 years. The relationship between sex, severe brain injury, early pain exposure, fractional anisotropy (FA), and neurodevelopmental outcomes were assessed using multivariable generalized estimating equations. RESULTS Males (N=78) and females (N=66) were similar in clinical risk factors. Male sex was associated with lower cognitive scores (β=-3.8, P=0.02) and greater motor impairment (OR=1.8, P=0.04) across time. Male sex was associated with lower superior white matter FA across time (β=-0.01, P=0.04). Sex moderated the association between severe brain injury, early pain, and neurodevelopmental outcomes. With severe brain injury, males had lower cognitive scores at 3 years (P<0.001). With increasing pain, females had lower cognitive scores at 8 years (P=0.008), and males had greater motor impairment at 4.5 years (P=0.001) and 8 years (P=0.05). CONCLUSIONS Males born preterm had lower cognitive scores and greater motor impairment compared with females, which were associated with differences in white matter maturation. The association between severe brain injury, early pain exposure, and neurodevelopmental outcomes was moderated by sex, indicating a differential response to early-life adversity in males and females born preterm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhandi Christensen
- Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children and the University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Vann Chau
- Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children and the University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Anne Synnes
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Ting Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children and the University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Steven Ufkes
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Ruth E Grunau
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Steven P Miller
- Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children and the University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada,; Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
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Goldenthal AR, Lieberman E, Rizk MM, Ogden RT, Rubin-Falcone H, Zanderigo F, Huang YY, Min E, Yuan M, Milak M, Sullivan GM, Sublette ME, Oquendo MA, Mann JJ, Miller JM. Relationships between serotonin 1A receptor DNA methylation, self-reported history of childhood abuse and gray matter volume in major depression. J Affect Disord 2024; 367:307-317. [PMID: 39187183 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.08.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early life adversity is a risk factor for psychopathology and is associated with epigenetic alterations in the 5-HT1A receptor gene promoter. The 5-HT1A receptor mediates neurotrophic effects, which could affect brain structure and function. We examined relationships between self-reported early childhood abuse, 5-HT1A receptor promoter DNA methylation, and gray matter volume (GMV) in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). METHODS Peripheral DNA methylation of 5-HT1A receptor promoter CpG sites -681 and -1007 was assayed in 50 individuals with MDD, including 18 with a history of childhood abuse. T1-weighted structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was quantified in amygdala, hippocampus, insula, occipital lobe, orbitofrontal cortex, temporal lobe, parietal lobe, and at the voxel level. RESULTS No relationship was observed between DNA methylation and history of childhood abuse. We observed regional heterogeneity comparing -681 CpG site methylation and GMV (p = 0.014), with a positive relationship to GMV in orbitofrontal cortex (p = 0.035). Childhood abuse history was associated with higher GMV considering all ROIs simultaneously (p < 0.01). In whole-brain analyses, childhood abuse history was positively correlated with GMV in multiple clusters, including insula and orbitofrontal cortex (pFWE = 0.005), and negatively in intracalcarine cortex (pFWE = 0.001). LIMITATIONS Small sample size, childhood trauma assessment instrument used, and assay of peripheral, rather than CNS, methylation. CONCLUSIONS These cross-sectional findings support hypotheses of 5-HT1A receptor-related neurotrophic effects, and of increased regional GMV as a potential regulatory mechanism in the setting of childhood abuse. Orbitofrontal cortex was uniquely associated with both childhood abuse history and 5-HT1A receptor methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel R Goldenthal
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Evan Lieberman
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America; McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States of America
| | - Mina M Rizk
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Area, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States of America; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, United States of America
| | - R Todd Ogden
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Area, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States of America; Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Harry Rubin-Falcone
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Francesca Zanderigo
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America; Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Area, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Yung-Yu Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America; Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Area, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Eli Min
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States of America
| | - Minlan Yuan
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Matthew Milak
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America; Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Area, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States of America
| | | | - M Elizabeth Sublette
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America; Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Area, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Maria A Oquendo
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - J John Mann
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America; Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Area, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States of America; Department of Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey M Miller
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America; Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Area, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States of America.
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Logue E, Hilsabeck RC, Melamed E. Gender differences in the associations of psychosocial trauma and acute medical stressors with immune system activation and dementia risk. Clin Neuropsychol 2024; 38:1313-1333. [PMID: 38567869 DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2024.2335115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/26/2024]
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this article is to provide a narrative review synthesizing the literature on differences between women and men in relationships among certain stressors associated with immune system activation and their relationship to cognitive dysfunction and dementia. Method: We review the cycle of stress leading to neuroinflammation via cortisol and neurochemical alterations, cell-mediated immune system activation, and pro-inflammatory cytokines, and how this is implicated in the development of dementia. We follow this by discussing sex differences in stress physiology and immune function. We then review the work on early life adversity (ELA) and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), post-traumatic stress disorder, acute medical stressors, and their associations with cognitive dysfunction and dementia. Throughout, we emphasize women's presentations and issues unique to women (e.g. trauma disorder prevalence). Conclusions: There is a need for more mechanistic and longitudinal studies that consider trauma accumulation, both physical and emotional, as well as a greater focus on traumas more likely to occur in women (e.g. sexual abuse), and their relationship to early cognitive decline and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Logue
- Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Robin C Hilsabeck
- Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Esther Melamed
- Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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Mojahed N, Adjei M, Qasem E, Aaflaq S, Adu T, Jacobs JT, Richardson BD, Nordman JC. Acute social defeat during adolescence promotes long-lasting aggression through activation of the medial amygdala. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1433993. [PMID: 39050664 PMCID: PMC11266103 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1433993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Traumatic stress, particularly during critical developmental periods such as adolescence, has been strongly linked to an increased propensity and severity of aggression. Existing literature underscores that being a victim of abuse can exacerbate aggressive behaviors, with the amygdala playing a pivotal role in mediating these effects. Historically, animal models have demonstrated that traumatic stressors can increase attack behavior, implicating various amygdala nuclei. Building on this foundation, our previous work has highlighted how traumatic stress invokes long-lasting aggression via an excitatory pathway within the posterior ventral medial amygdala (MeApv). In the current study, we sought to further delineate this mechanism by examining the effects of acute social defeat during adolescence on aggressive behaviors and neural activation in mice. Using a common social defeat paradigm, we first established that acute social defeat during late adolescence indeed promotes long-lasting aggression, measured as attack behavior 7 days after the defeat session. Immunolabeling with c-Fos demonstrated that acute social defeat activates the MeApv and ventrolateral aspect of the ventromedial hypothalamus (VmHvl), consistent with our previous studies that used foot shock as an acute stressor. Finally, chemogenetically inhibiting excitatory MeApv neurons during social defeat significantly mitigated the aggression increase without affecting non-aggressive social behavior. These results strongly suggest that the MeApv plays a critical role in the onset of aggression following traumatic social experience, and offer the MeA as a potential target for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nooshin Mojahed
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, United States
| | - Magdalene Adjei
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, United States
| | - Elana Qasem
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, United States
| | - Sophia Aaflaq
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, United States
| | - Temitope Adu
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States
| | - Jessica T. Jacobs
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, United States
| | - Ben D. Richardson
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States
| | - Jacob C. Nordman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, United States
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Luo J, Ma Y, Zhan HW, Jia WH, Zhang JR, Xie SY, Yu SY, Hou SL, Bi X, Wang XQ. Associations between adverse childhood experiences and pain in middle-aged and older adults: findings from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1760. [PMID: 38956571 PMCID: PMC11218369 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19239-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been associated with a range of adverse health outcomes, with pain being potentially one of them. This population-based cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the associations between Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and pain in Chinese adults and evaluate whether physical activity and demographic and socioeconomic characteristics modify this associations. METHODS Cross-sectional data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), were utilized in this study. A total of 9923 respondents with information on 12 ACE indicators and 15 self-reported body pains were included. Logistic regression models were used to assess associations of the ACEs and pain. Modification of the associations by physical activity, demographic and socioeconomic characteristics was assessed by stratified analyses and tests for interaction. RESULTS Among the 9923 individuals included in the primary analyses, 5098 (51.4%) males and the mean (SD) age was 61.18 (10·.44) years. Compared with individuals with 0 ACEs, those who with ≥ 5 ACEs had increased risk of single pains and multiple pain. A dose-response association was found between the number of ACEs and the risk of pain (e.g. neck pain for ≥ 5 ACEs vs. none: OR, 1.107; 95% CI, 0.903-1.356; p < 0.001 for trend). In the associations of each body pain with each ACE indicator, most ACE indicators were associated with an increased risk of pain. In addition, physical activity, sociodemographic and socioeconomic characteristics, such as age, sex, educational level, area of residence, childhood economic hardship, did not demonstrate a significant modify on the associations between ACEs and pain. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that cumulative ACE exposure is associated with increased odds of self-reported pain in Chinese adults, regardless of adult physical activity, sociodemographic and socioeconomic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Luo
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Xi'an Physical Education University, Xi'an, 710068, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Ma
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Xi'an Physical Education University, Xi'an, 710068, China
| | - Hao-Wei Zhan
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Xi'an Physical Education University, Xi'an, 710068, China
| | - Wang-Hu Jia
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Xi'an Physical Education University, Xi'an, 710068, China
| | - Jia-Rui Zhang
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Shi-Yu Xie
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Si-Yin Yu
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Shuang-Long Hou
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Xi'an Physical Education University, Xi'an, 710068, China
| | - Xia Bi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Xue-Qiang Wang
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China.
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China.
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China.
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10
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Ireton R, Hughes A, Klabunde M. A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Meta-Analysis of Childhood Trauma. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2024; 9:561-570. [PMID: 38311289 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic experiences during childhood significantly impact the developing brain and contribute to the development of numerous physical and mental health problems. To date, however, a comprehensive understanding of the functional impairments within the brain associated with childhood trauma histories does not exist. Previous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) meta-analytical tools required homogeneity of task types and the clinical populations studied, thus preventing the comprehensive pooling of brain-based deficits present in children who have trauma histories. We hypothesized that the use of the novel, data-driven Bayesian author-topic model approach to fMRI meta-analyses would reveal deficits in brain networks that span fMRI task types in children with trauma histories. METHODS To our knowledge, this is the first study to use the Bayesian author-topic model approach to fMRI meta-analyses within a clinical population. Using PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, we present data-driven results obtained by combining activation patterns across heterogeneous tasks from 1428 initially screened studies and combining data from 14 studies that met study criteria (285 children with trauma histories, 297 healthy control children). RESULTS Altered brain activity was revealed within 2 clusters in children with trauma histories compared to control children: the default mode/affective network/posterior insula and the central executive network. Our identified clusters were associated with tasks pertaining to cognitive processing, emotional/social stress, self-referential thought, memory, unexpected stimuli, and avoidance behaviors in youths who have experienced childhood trauma. CONCLUSIONS Our results reveal disturbances in children with trauma histories within the modulation of the default mode and central executive networks-but not the salience network-regardless of whether children also presented with posttraumatic stress symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Ireton
- Department of Psychology and Centre for Brain Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Hughes
- Department of Psychology and Centre for Brain Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe, United Kingdom
| | - Megan Klabunde
- Department of Psychology and Centre for Brain Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe, United Kingdom.
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11
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Rowland GE, Purcell JB, Lebois LM, Kaufman ML, Harnett NG. Child sexual abuse versus adult sexual assault: A review of psychological and neurobiological sequelae. MENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE 2024; 2:e51. [PMID: 39006552 PMCID: PMC11244653 DOI: 10.1002/mhs2.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Sexual trauma (ST) occurs with alarming frequency in the United States (U.S.) in the form of both childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and adulthood sexual assault (ASA). It is well-established that the effects of ST are pervasive, and that ST can be a risk factor for the development of several psychiatric disorders. However, the potential for distinct psychological consequences or neural correlates between CSA and ASA has received little attention. Furthermore, despite the high prevalence of sexual revictimization, the combinatorial effects of CSA and ASA are understudied in comparison to each form of ST on its own. In the current review, we present results from both clinical psychology and neuroscience research on the impacts of CSA and ASA, describing major psychological, biopsychosocial, and neuroimaging findings for each form of ST. We further highlight limitations in the current state of the research and needed areas of future research to better understand the distinct, overlapping, and cumulative effects of ST in both childhood and adulthood. The present study summarizes the state of the literature on this critical form of trauma and provides recommendations for future clinical research practices to mitigate the deleterious outcomes of ST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace E Rowland
- Division of Depression and Anxiety Disorders, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA
| | - Juliann B Purcell
- Division of Depression and Anxiety Disorders, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Lauren M Lebois
- Division of Depression and Anxiety Disorders, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Milissa L Kaufman
- Division of Depression and Anxiety Disorders, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Nathaniel G Harnett
- Division of Depression and Anxiety Disorders, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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12
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Vai B, Calesella F, Pelucchi A, Riberto M, Poletti S, Bechi M, Cavallaro R, Francesco B. Adverse childhood experiences differently affect Theory of Mind brain networks in schizophrenia and healthy controls. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 172:81-89. [PMID: 38367321 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Patients with schizophrenia (SZ) show impairments in both affective and cognitive dimensions of theory of mind (ToM). SZ are also particularly vulnerable to detrimental effect of adverse childhood experiences (ACE), influencing the overall course of the disorder and fostering poor social functioning. ACE associate with long-lasting detrimental effects on brain structure, function, and connectivity in regions involved in ToM. Here, we investigated whether ToM networks are differentially affected by ACEs in healthy controls (HC) and SZ, and if these effects can predict the disorder clinical outcome. 26 HC and 33 SZ performed a ToM task during an fMRI session. Whole-brain functional response and connectivity (FC) were extracted, investigating the interaction between ACEs and diagnosis. FC values significantly affected by ACEs were entered in a cross-validated LASSO regression predicting Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI), and task performance. ACEs and diagnosis showed a widespread interaction at both affective and cognitive tasks, including connectivity between vmPFC, ACC, precentral and postcentral gyri, insula, PCC, precuneus, parahippocampal gyrus, temporal pole, thalamus, and cerebellum, and functional response in the ACC, thalamus, parahippocampal gyrus and putamen. FC predicted the PANSS score, the fantasy dimension of IRI, and the AToM response latency. Our results highlight the crucial role of early stress in differentially shaping ToM related brain networks in HC and SZ. These effects can also partially explain the clinical and behavioral outcomes of the disorder, extending our knowledge of the effects of ACEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Vai
- Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milano, Italy.
| | - Federico Calesella
- Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milano, Italy
| | - Alice Pelucchi
- Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Martina Riberto
- Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Sara Poletti
- Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milano, Italy
| | - Margherita Bechi
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Roberto Cavallaro
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milano, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Benedetti Francesco
- Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milano, Italy
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13
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Tromp DPM, Fox AS, Riedel MK, Oler JA, Zhou X, Roseboom PH, Alexander AL, Kalin NH. Early life adversity in primates: Behavioral, endocrine, and neural effects. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2024; 162:106953. [PMID: 38232531 PMCID: PMC11179711 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggests that early life adversity is associated with maladaptive behaviors and is commonly an antecedent of stress-related psychopathology. This is particularly relevant to rearing in primate species as infant primates depend on prolonged, nurturant rearing by caregivers for normal development. To further understand the consequences of early life rearing adversity, and the relation among alterations in behavior, physiology and brain function, we assessed young monkeys that had experienced maternal separation followed by peer rearing with behavioral, endocrine and multimodal neuroimaging measures. METHODS 50 young rhesus monkeys were studied, half of which were rejected by their mothers and peer reared, and the other half were reared by their mothers. Assessments were performed at approximately 1.8 years of age and included: threat related behavioral and cortisol responses, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) measurements of oxytocin and corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH), and multimodal neuroimaging measures (anatomical scans, resting functional connectivity, diffusion tensor imaging, and threat-related regional glucose metabolism). RESULTS The results demonstrated alterations across behavioral, endocrine, and neuroimaging measures in young monkeys that were reared without their mothers. At a behavioral level in response to a potential threat, peer reared animals engaged in significantly less freezing behavior (p = 0.022) along with increased self-directed behaviors (p < 0.012). Levels of oxytocin in the CSF, but not plasma, were significantly reduced in the peer reared animals (p = 0.019). No differences in plasma cortisol or CSF CRH were observed. Diffusion tensor imaging revealed significantly decreased white matter density across the brain. Exploratory correlational and permutation analyses suggest that the impact of peer rearing on behavior, endocrine and brain structural alterations are mediated by separate parallel mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results demonstrate in NHPs the importance of maternal rearing on the development of brain, behavior and hormonal systems that are linked to social functioning and adaptive responses. The findings suggest that the effects of maternal deprivation are mediated via multiple independent pathways which may account for the heterogeneity in behavioral and biological alterations observed in individuals that have experienced this early life adversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do P M Tromp
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA; Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA; HealthEmotion Research Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Andrew S Fox
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Marissa K Riedel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA; HealthEmotion Research Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jonathan A Oler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA; HealthEmotion Research Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Xiaojue Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA; HealthEmotion Research Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Patrick H Roseboom
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA; HealthEmotion Research Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Andrew L Alexander
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ned H Kalin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA; Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA; HealthEmotion Research Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
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14
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Quidé Y, Watkeys OJ, Tonini E, Grotegerd D, Dannlowski U, Nenadić I, Kircher T, Krug A, Hahn T, Meinert S, Goltermann J, Gruber M, Stein F, Brosch K, Wroblewski A, Thomas-Odenthal F, Usemann P, Straube B, Alexander N, Leehr EJ, Bauer J, Winter NR, Fisch L, Dohm K, Rössler W, Smigielski L, DeRosse P, Moyett A, Houenou J, Leboyer M, Gilleen J, Thomopoulos SI, Thompson PM, Aleman A, Modinos G, Green MJ. Childhood trauma moderates schizotypy-related brain morphology: analyses of 1182 healthy individuals from the ENIGMA schizotypy working group. Psychol Med 2024; 54:1215-1227. [PMID: 37859592 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723003045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizotypy represents an index of psychosis-proneness in the general population, often associated with childhood trauma exposure. Both schizotypy and childhood trauma are linked to structural brain alterations, and it is possible that trauma exposure moderates the extent of brain morphological differences associated with schizotypy. METHODS We addressed this question using data from a total of 1182 healthy adults (age range: 18-65 years old, 647 females/535 males), pooled from nine sites worldwide, contributing to the Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) Schizotypy working group. All participants completed both the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire Brief version (SPQ-B), and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), and underwent a 3D T1-weighted brain MRI scan from which regional indices of subcortical gray matter volume and cortical thickness were determined. RESULTS A series of multiple linear regressions revealed that differences in cortical thickness in four regions-of-interest were significantly associated with interactions between schizotypy and trauma; subsequent moderation analyses indicated that increasing levels of schizotypy were associated with thicker left caudal anterior cingulate gyrus, right middle temporal gyrus and insula, and thinner left caudal middle frontal gyrus, in people exposed to higher (but not low or average) levels of childhood trauma. This was found in the context of morphological changes directly associated with increasing levels of schizotypy or increasing levels of childhood trauma exposure. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that alterations in brain regions critical for higher cognitive and integrative processes that are associated with schizotypy may be enhanced in individuals exposed to high levels of trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Quidé
- NeuroRecovery Research Hub, School of Psychology, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Oliver J Watkeys
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Emiliana Tonini
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Dominik Grotegerd
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Igor Nenadić
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps Universität Marburg, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, 35039 Marburg, Germany
| | - Tilo Kircher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps Universität Marburg, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, 35039 Marburg, Germany
| | - Axel Krug
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps Universität Marburg, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, 35039 Marburg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Tim Hahn
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Susanne Meinert
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Janik Goltermann
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Marius Gruber
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department for Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Frederike Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps Universität Marburg, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, 35039 Marburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Brosch
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps Universität Marburg, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, 35039 Marburg, Germany
| | - Adrian Wroblewski
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps Universität Marburg, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, 35039 Marburg, Germany
| | - Florian Thomas-Odenthal
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps Universität Marburg, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, 35039 Marburg, Germany
| | - Paula Usemann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps Universität Marburg, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, 35039 Marburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Straube
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps Universität Marburg, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, 35039 Marburg, Germany
| | - Nina Alexander
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps Universität Marburg, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, 35039 Marburg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth J Leehr
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jochen Bauer
- Clinic for Radiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Nils R Winter
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Lukas Fisch
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Katharina Dohm
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Wulf Rössler
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM 27), Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lukasz Smigielski
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pamela DeRosse
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Ashley Moyett
- Department of Psychiatry, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
| | - Josselin Houenou
- Université Paris Est Créteil, Mondor University Hospitals, DMU IMPACT, APHP, INSERM U955 Team "Translational NeuroPsychiatry", Créteil, France
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
- NeuroSpin neuroimaging platform, UNIACT Lab, PsyBrain team, CEA Saclay, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marion Leboyer
- Université Paris Est Créteil, Mondor University Hospitals, DMU IMPACT, APHP, INSERM U955 Team "Translational NeuroPsychiatry", Créteil, France
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
| | - James Gilleen
- Division of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- School of Psychology, University of Roehampton, London, UK
| | - Sophia I Thomopoulos
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - André Aleman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Gemma Modinos
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Melissa J Green
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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15
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Kamran Z, Kazi A. Association Between Harsh Disciplinary Methods and Child Functioning in Children Aged 7-14 Years in Punjab, Pakistan. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2024:8862605241239449. [PMID: 38504471 DOI: 10.1177/08862605241239449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Despite having adverse physical and mental health outcomes, harsh disciplinary methods are commonly practiced all over the world. This study aims to measure the harsh disciplinary actions taken by parents and their association with child functioning in children, aged 7 to 14 years in Punjab, Pakistan. This study is based on secondary data obtained from the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF's) Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey, conducted in the Punjab province from 2017 to 2018. Parents/caregivers of 19,721 children were included in the analysis. Questionnaire-based interviews were conducted, and the data collection form included sociodemographic information, questions on different "Methods of Child Discipline" and the "Child functioning module." The data was analyzed using STATA 15.0. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to calculate the adjusted odds ratio and 95% CI exploring the association between harsh disciplinary methods and child functioning. More than 50% of children were exposed to severe physical, psychological, and emotional disciplinary methods. Exposure to severe physical aggression was associated with increased difficulty in learning (2.60 [1.27, 5.31]), remembering (2.83 [1.47, 5.44]), controlling behavior (1.63 [1.21, 2.18]), anxiety (1.98 [1.25, 3.13]), depression (2.57 [1.57, 4.22]) and making friends (1.94 [1.01, 3.79]). Whereas moderate physical aggression and psychological aggression were associated with (1.48 [1.19, 1.84]) and 1.5 times (1.20, 1.84) increase in difficulty in controlling behavior, respectively. Nonviolent actions were associated with protective odds for self-care (0.33 [0.17, 0.65]), communication (0.51 [0.27, 0.96]), learning (0.56 [0.33, 0.95]), remembering (0.62 [0.39, 0.90]), concentration (0.50 [0.31, 0.80]), anxiety (0.60 [0.46, 0.79]) and depression (0.67 [0.49, 0.92]). Severe disciplinary methods are detrimental to the child's personal care, mental, social, emotional, and psychological well-being, whereas nonviolent actions are associated with positive child functioning. In a third-world country such as Pakistan, this topic is widely undiscovered and understudied, thus emphasizing the need for awareness and education of parents and healthcare providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaibunnisa Kamran
- Medical College, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
- Princess Nora Bent Abdullah Research Chair for Women Health, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ambreen Kazi
- Princess Nora Bent Abdullah Research Chair for Women Health, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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16
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Reemst K, Lopizzo N, Abbink MR, Engelenburg HJ, Cattaneo A, Korosi A. Molecular underpinnings of programming by early-life stress and the protective effects of early dietary ω6/ω3 ratio, basally and in response to LPS: Integrated mRNA-miRNAs approach. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 117:283-297. [PMID: 38242369 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Early-life stress (ELS) exposure increases the risk for mental disorders, including cognitive impairments later in life. We have previously demonstrated that an early diet with low ω6/ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratio protects against ELS-induced cognitive impairments. Several studies have implicated the neuroimmune system in the ELS and diet mediated effects, but currently the molecular pathways via which ELS and early diet exert their long-term impact are not yet fully understood. Here we study the effects of ELS and dietary PUFA ratio on hippocampal mRNA and miRNA expression in adulthood, both under basal as well as inflammatory conditions. Male mice were exposed to chronic ELS by the limiting bedding and nesting material paradigm from postnatal day(P)2 to P9, and provided with a diet containing a standard (high (15:1.1)) or protective (low (1.1:1)) ω6 linoleic acid to ω3 alpha-linolenic acid ratio from P2 to P42. At P120, memory was assessed using the object location task. Subsequently, a single lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection was given and 24 h later hippocampal genome-wide mRNA and microRNA (miRNA) expression was measured using microarray. Spatial learning deficits induced by ELS in mice fed the standard (high ω6/ω3) diet were reversed by the early-life protective (low ω6/ω3) diet. An integrated miRNA - mRNA analysis revealed that ELS and early diet induced miRNA driven mRNA expression changes into adulthood. Under basal conditions both ELS and the diet affected molecular pathways related to hippocampal plasticity, with the protective (low ω6/ω3 ratio) diet leading to activation of molecular pathways associated with improved hippocampal plasticity and learning and memory in mice previously exposed to ELS (e.g., CREB signaling and endocannabinoid neuronal synapse pathway). LPS induced miRNA and mRNA expression was strongly dependent on both ELS and early diet. In mice fed the standard (high ω6/ω3) diet, LPS increased miRNA expression leading to activation of inflammatory pathways. In contrast, in mice fed the protective diet, LPS reduced miRNA expression and altered target mRNA expression inhibiting inflammatory signaling pathways and pathways associated with hippocampal plasticity, which was especially apparent in mice previously exposed to ELS. This data provides molecular insights into how the protective (low ω6/ω3) diet during development could exert its long-lasting beneficial effects on hippocampal plasticity and learning and memory especially in a vulnerable population exposed to stress early in life, providing the basis for the development of intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kitty Reemst
- Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science park 904, Amsterdam, 1098 XH, the Netherlands
| | - Nicola Lopizzo
- Biological Psychiatry Unit, Istituto di Recupero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy; Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Maralinde R Abbink
- Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science park 904, Amsterdam, 1098 XH, the Netherlands
| | - Hendrik J Engelenburg
- Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science park 904, Amsterdam, 1098 XH, the Netherlands
| | - Annamaria Cattaneo
- Biological Psychiatry Unit, Istituto di Recupero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy; Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Aniko Korosi
- Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science park 904, Amsterdam, 1098 XH, the Netherlands.
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17
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Sibbach BM, Karim HT, Lo D, Kasibhatla N, Santini T, Weber JC, Ibrahim TS, Banihashemi L. Manual segmentation of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and the dorsal and ventral bed nucleus of stria terminalis using multimodal 7 Tesla structural MRI: probabilistic atlases for a stress-control triad. Brain Struct Funct 2024; 229:273-283. [PMID: 37812278 PMCID: PMC10917873 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-023-02713-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) is uniquely capable of proximal control over autonomic and neuroendocrine stress responses, and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) directly modulates PVN function, as well as playing an important role in stress control itself. The dorsal BNST (dBNST) is predominantly preautonomic, while the ventral BNST (vBNST) is predominantly viscerosensory, receiving dense noradrenergic signaling. Distinguishing the dBNST and vBNST, along with the PVN, may facilitate our understanding of dynamic interactions among these regions. T1-weighted MPRAGE and high resolution gradient echo (GRE) modalities were acquired at 7T. GRE was coregistered to MPRAGE and segmentations were performed in MRIcroGL based on their Atlas of the Human Brain depictions. The dBNST, vBNST and PVN were manually segmented in 25 participants; 10 images were rated by 2 raters. These segmentations were normalized and probabilistic atlases for each region were generated in MNI space, now available as resources for future research. We found moderate-high inter-rater reliability [n = 10; Mean Dice (SD); PVN = 0.69 (0.04); dBNST = 0.77 (0.04); vBNST = 0.62 (0.04)]. Probabilistic atlases were reverse normalized into native space for six additional participants that were segmented but not included in the original 25. We also found moderate to moderate-high reliability between the probabilistic atlases and manual segmentations [n = 6; Mean Dice (SD); PVN = 0.55 (0.12); dBNST = 0.60 (0.10); vBNST = 0.47 (0.12 SD)]. By isolating these hypothalamic and BNST subregions using ultra-high field MRI modalities, more specific delineations of these regions can facilitate greater understanding of mechanisms underlying stress-related function and psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon M Sibbach
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Helmet T Karim
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Daniel Lo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Nithya Kasibhatla
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Tales Santini
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Jessica C Weber
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Tamer S Ibrahim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Layla Banihashemi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
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Sassoon SA, Fama R, Pohl KM, Pfefferbaum A, Sullivan EV. Frontal cortical volume deficits as enduring evidence of childhood abuse in community adults with AUD and HIV infection comorbidity. Neurobiol Stress 2024; 29:100608. [PMID: 38323165 PMCID: PMC10844640 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2024.100608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Childhood abuse is an underappreciated source of stress, associated with adverse mental and physical health consequences. Childhood abuse has been directly associated with risky behavior thereby increasing the likelihood of alcohol misuse and risk of HIV infection, conditions associated with brain structural and functional deficits. Here, we examined the neural and behavioral correlates of childhood trauma history in alcohol use disorder (AUD), HIV infection (HIV), and their comorbidity (AUD+HIV). Methods Occurrence of childhood trauma was evaluated by retrospective interview. Cortical (frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital), subcortical (hippocampus, amygdala), and regional frontal volumes were derived from structural MRI, adjusted for intracranial volume and age. Test scores of executive functioning, attention/working memory, verbal/visual learning, verbal/visual memory, and motor speed functional domains were standardized on age and education of a laboratory control group. Results History of childhood abuse was associated with smaller frontal lobe volumes regardless of diagnosis. For frontal subregional volumes, history of childhood abuse was selectively associated with smaller orbitofrontal and supplementary motor volumes. In participants with a child abuse history, poorer verbal/visual memory performance was associated with smaller orbitofrontal and frontal middle volumes, whereas in those without childhood abuse, poorer verbal/visual memory performance was associated with smaller orbitofrontal, frontal superior, and supplemental motor volumes. Conclusions Taken together, these results comport with and extend the findings that childhood abuse is associated with brain and behavioral sequelae in AUD, HIV, and AUD+HIV comorbidity. Further, these findings suggest that sequelae of abuse in childhood may be best conceptualized as a spectrum disorder as significant deficits may be present in those who may not meet criteria for a formal trauma-related diagnosis yet may be suffering enduring stress effects on brain structural and functional health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A. Sassoon
- Biosciences Division, Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rosemary Fama
- Biosciences Division, Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kilian M. Pohl
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Adolf Pfefferbaum
- Biosciences Division, Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Edith V. Sullivan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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Wilhoite SR, Zaheed AB, Palms JD, Morris EP, Sol K, Martino A, Zahodne LB. Mechanisms underlying the association between adverse childhood experiences and racial disparities in later-life cognition. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2024; 30:253-263. [PMID: 37622423 PMCID: PMC11008525 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617723000474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) may be a risk factor for later-life cognitive disorders such as dementia; however, few studies have investigated underlying mechanisms, such as cardiovascular health and depressive symptoms, in a health disparities framework. METHOD 418 community-dwelling adults (50% nonHispanic Black, 50% nonHispanic White) aged 55+ from the Michigan Cognitive Aging Project retrospectively reported on nine ACEs. Baseline global cognition was a z-score composite of five factor scores from a comprehensive neuropsychological battery. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Cardiovascular health was operationalized through systolic blood pressure. A mediation model controlling for sociodemographics, childhood health, and childhood socioeconomic status estimated indirect effects of ACEs on global cognition via depressive symptoms and blood pressure. Racial differences were probed via t-tests and stratified models. RESULTS A negative indirect effect of ACEs on cognition was observed through depressive symptoms [β = -.040, 95% CI (-.067, -.017)], but not blood pressure, for the whole sample. Black participants reported more ACEs (Cohen's d = .21), reported more depressive symptoms (Cohen's d = .35), higher blood pressure (Cohen's d = .41), and lower cognitive scores (Cohen's d = 1.35) compared to White participants. In stratified models, there was a negative indirect effect through depressive symptoms for Black participants [β = -.074, 95% CI (-.128, -.029)] but not for White participants. CONCLUSIONS These results highlight the need to consider racially patterned contextual factors across the life course. Such factors could exacerbate the negative impact of ACEs and related mental health consequences and contribute to racial disparities in cognitive aging.
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González-Alemañy E, Ostrosky F, Lozano A, Lujan A, Perez M, Castañeda D, Diaz K, Lara R, Sacristan E, Bobes MA. Brain structural change associated with Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in maltreated children. Brain Res 2024; 1825:148702. [PMID: 38070819 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severely maltreatment child is a harmful social factor that can disrupt normal neurodevelopment. Two commonly reported effects of maltreatment are post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and brain structural and functional alteration. While Trauma-Focused Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) is effectively used to reduce PTSD symptoms in maltreated children, yet, its impact on brain structural alterations has not been fully explored. This study investigated whether TF-CBT can attenuate alterations in brain structures associated with PTSD in middle childhood. METHODS The study evaluated the longitudinal effects of Trauma-Focused Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and gray matter volume (GMV) in two groups of children under 12 years old: maltreated children (MC) and healthy non- maltreatmentd children (HC). Structural magnetic resonance images T1 were obtained before and after TF-CBT in the MC group, while the HC group was scanned twice within the same time interval. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was used to analyze GMV changes over time. RESULTS After TF-CBT, maltreated children showed significantly reduced PTSD symptoms. Furthermore, a significant group-by-time interaction effect was observed in certain areas of the Left Temporal, Left Occipital, and bilateral Frontal Cortex, the Basal Ganglia and Cerebellum. These interaction effects were driven by a GMV decrease in the MC group compared to the HC group. GMV changes can be predicted with clinical improvement in the left Middle Temporal gyrus, left Precuneus, and Cerebellum. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that TF-CBT intervention in very young maltreated children may have an effect on gray matter. This evidence demonstrates the importance of timely intervention when neuroplasticity mechanisms may be activated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rafael Lara
- Centro Nacional de Investigación en Imagenología e instrumentación Médica (CI3M, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México UNAM), México.
| | - Emilio Sacristan
- Centro Nacional de Investigación en Imagenología e instrumentación Médica (CI3M, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México UNAM), México.
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21
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Dong F. The association of adverse family experiences, physical activity, and depression in a national sample of US adolescents. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRIC NURSING 2024; 37:e12444. [PMID: 38059546 DOI: 10.1111/jcap.12444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
PROBLEMS Sufficient engagement in physical activity could foster resilience in adolescents and help alleviate the impact of adverse family experiences (AFEs), such as depression. However, the association between cumulative AFEs exposure, physical activity, and depression remains unclear. The aims of this study are to determine the relationship between AFEs and adolescent depression and whether physical activity moderates this relationship. METHODS Secondary analyses were conducted on 29,617 adolescents aged 12-17 years from the 2016-2017 National Survey of Children's Health. Binomial logistic regression was used to examine the relationship among AFEs, child depression, and physical activity. Covariates include individual-level, social-level, and societal-level factors. FINDINGS This study reveals that 7.3% of US adolescents had a depression diagnosis. The odds of having a depression diagnosis among US children were 1.6 times (adjusted OR: 1.6, 95% CI: 1.37-1.86) greater for adolescents with one type of AFEs, and 3.4 times greater (adjusted OR: 3.39, 95% CI: 2.78-4.13) for adolescents with three or more AFEs, compared with children living without AFEs. Physical activity for 1-3 days per week remained a significant, substantial protector of childhood depression among children with at least one type of AFEs (adjusted OR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.62-0.87). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest a clinical concern for adolescents with more AFEs. Trauma-informed care to address multiple types of trauma and physical activity interventions to reduce depression symptoms may be particularly important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanghong Dong
- School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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22
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Kraal AZ, Zaheed AB, Krasnova A, Vadari H, Byrd DR, Zahodne LB. Time-lagged associations between two adverse childhood experiences and later-life cognitive function through educational attainment and stroke. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2024; 30:107-116. [PMID: 37401463 DOI: 10.1017/s135561772300036x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been associated with worse cognitive health in older adulthood. This study aimed to extend findings on the specificity, persistence, and pathways of associations between two ACEs and cognition by using a comprehensive neuropsychological battery and a time-lagged mediation design. METHOD Participants were 3304 older adults in the Health and Retirement Study Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol. Participants retrospectively reported whether they were exposed to parental substance abuse or experienced parental physical abuse before age 18. Factor scores derived from a battery of 13 neuropsychological tests indexed cognitive domains of episodic memory, executive functioning, processing speed, language, and visuospatial function. Structural equation models examined self-reported years of education and stroke as mediators, controlling for sociodemographics and childhood socioeconomic status. RESULTS Parental substance abuse in childhood was associated with worse later-life cognitive function across all domains, in part via pathways involving educational attainment and stroke. Parental physical abuse was associated with worse cognitive outcomes via stroke independent of education. CONCLUSIONS This national longitudinal study in the United States provides evidence for broad and persistent indirect associations between two ACEs and cognitive aging via differential pathways involving educational attainment and stroke. Future research should examine additional ACEs and mechanisms as well as moderators of these associations to better understand points of intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zarina Kraal
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- G. H. Sergievsky Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Afsara B Zaheed
- Department of Psychology, College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anna Krasnova
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Harita Vadari
- Department of General Medicine, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - DeAnnah R Byrd
- Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Laura B Zahodne
- Department of Psychology, College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Naidoo S, Paruk S, Ferreira L, Subramaney U. Adverse childhood experiences, mental illness, HIV and offending among female inmates in Durban, South Africa. S Afr J Psychiatr 2024; 30:2108. [PMID: 38322178 PMCID: PMC10839230 DOI: 10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v30i0.2108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Childhood adversities and adult trauma are common among female inmates. Associations have been documented with childhood adversities and mental illness, personality disorders, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and violent offending. However, no such study had been conducted in South Africa (SA), despite the high prevalence of HIV and trauma in SA. Aim To measure the prevalence of childhood adversities and adult trauma; and to determine if there is a relationship between childhood adversities, mental illness, personality disorders, HIV and violent offending among female inmates. Setting The study was conducted at the largest correctional centre in Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Methods This cross-sectional, descriptive study randomly recruited 126 female inmates. The World Health Organization's Adverse Childhood Experiences- International Questionnaire (WHO ACE-IQ) was used to measure childhood adversities; the Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostics and Statistical Manual-5 Research Version (SCID 5-RV) was used to diagnose mental illness; and a structured questionnaire was used to measure adult trauma. Human immunodeficiency virus data was confirmed from prison medical records. Results Elevated rates of individual childhood adversities and adult trauma were found. Associations were found between cumulative childhood adversities and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), alcohol use disorder, substance use disorder, borderline personality disorder, and HIV. Conclusion Female inmates are a highly traumatised population. Prison mental health services should provide trauma-informed and trauma-focussed care to improve inmates' mental health outcomes and decrease recidivism. Contribution This study contributes to the emerging literature on adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and their associations among incarcerated female populations, in a low- and middle-income, South African setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Naidoo
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Saeeda Paruk
- Discipline of Psychiatry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Liezel Ferreira
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ugasvaree Subramaney
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Nkrumah RO, von Schröder C, Demirakca T, Schmahl C, Ende G. Cortical volume alteration in the superior parietal region mediates the relationship between childhood abuse and PTSD avoidance symptoms: A complementary multimodal neuroimaging study. Neurobiol Stress 2024; 28:100586. [PMID: 38045556 PMCID: PMC10689271 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2023.100586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Adverse childhood experiences (ACE), which can be separated into abuse and neglect, contribute to the development of post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). However, which brain structures are mainly affected by ACE as well as the mediating role these brain structures play in ACE and PTSS relationship are still being investigated. The current study tested the effect of ACE on brain structure and investigated the latter's mediating role in ACE-PTSS relationship. Methods A total of 78 adults with self-reported ACE were included in this study. Participants completed the childhood trauma questionnaire (CTQ) and a Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) to ascertain ACE history and PTSS, respectively. T1w images and diffusion MRI scans were then acquired to assess cortical morphometry and white matter (WM) integrity in fibre tracts connecting key areas where ACE-related cortical volume alterations were observed. Results The combined effect of ACE was negatively associated with total grey matter volume and local cortical area in the right superior parietal region (rSP). Childhood abuse was negatively related to right superior parietal volume after controlling for neglect and overall psychological burden. The right superior parietal volume significantly mediated the relationship between childhood abuse and avoidance-related PTSS. Post-hoc analyses showed that the indirect relation was subsequently moderated by dissociative symptoms. Lastly, a complementary examination of the WM tracts connected to abuse-associated cortical GM regions shows that abuse was negatively related to the normalised fibre density of WM tracts connected to the right superior parietal region. Conclusion We provide multimodal structural evidence that ACE in the first years of life is related to alterations in the right superior brain region, which plays a crucial role in spatial processing and attentional functioning. Additionally, we highlight that the cortical volume alteration in this region may play a role in explaining the relationship between childhood abuse and avoidance symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Okyere Nkrumah
- Department of Neuroimaging, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Claudius von Schröder
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine & Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Traute Demirakca
- Department of Neuroimaging, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christian Schmahl
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine & Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Gabriele Ende
- Department of Neuroimaging, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
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Feola B, Moussa-Tooks AB, Sheffield JM, Heckers S, Woodward ND, Blackford JU. Threat Responses in Schizophrenia: A Negative Valence Systems Framework. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2024; 26:9-25. [PMID: 38183600 PMCID: PMC10962319 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-023-01479-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Emotions are prominent in theories and accounts of schizophrenia but are largely understudied compared to cognition. Utilizing the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) Negative Valence Systems framework, we review the current knowledge of emotions in schizophrenia. Given the pivotal role of threat responses in theories of schizophrenia and the substantial evidence of altered threat responses, we focus on three components of Negative Valence Systems tied to threat responses: responses to acute threat, responses to potential threat, and sustained threat. RECENT FINDINGS Individuals with schizophrenia show altered responses to neutral stimuli during acute threat, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis connectivity in response to potential threat, and threat responses associated with sustained threat. Our review concludes that Negative Valence Systems are altered in schizophrenia; however, the level and evidence of alterations vary across the types of threat responses. We suggest avenues for future research to further understand and intervene on threat responses in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandee Feola
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1601 23rd Avenue South, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA.
| | - Alexandra B Moussa-Tooks
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1601 23rd Avenue South, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Julia M Sheffield
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1601 23rd Avenue South, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA
| | - Stephan Heckers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1601 23rd Avenue South, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA
| | - Neil D Woodward
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1601 23rd Avenue South, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA
| | - Jennifer U Blackford
- Munroe-Meyer Institute for Genetics and Rehabilitation, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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Cardoner N, Andero R, Cano M, Marin-Blasco I, Porta-Casteràs D, Serra-Blasco M, Via E, Vicent-Gil M, Portella MJ. Impact of Stress on Brain Morphology: Insights into Structural Biomarkers of Stress-related Disorders. Curr Neuropharmacol 2024; 22:935-962. [PMID: 37403395 PMCID: PMC10845094 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230703091435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to acute and chronic stress has a broad range of structural effects on the brain. The brain areas commonly targeted in the stress response models include the hippocampus, the amygdala, and the prefrontal cortex. Studies in patients suffering from the so-called stress-related disorders -embracing post-traumatic stress, major depressive and anxiety disorders- have fairly replicated animal models of stress response -particularly the neuroendocrine and the inflammatory models- by finding alterations in different brain areas, even in the early neurodevelopment. Therefore, this narrative review aims to provide an overview of structural neuroimaging findings and to discuss how these studies have contributed to our knowledge of variability in response to stress and the ulterior development of stress-related disorders. There are a gross number of studies available but neuroimaging research of stress-related disorders as a single category is still in its infancy. Although the available studies point at particular brain circuitries involved in stress and emotion regulation, the pathophysiology of these abnormalities -involving genetics, epigenetics and molecular pathways-, their relation to intraindividual stress responses -including personality characteristics, self-perception of stress conditions…-, and their potential involvement as biomarkers in diagnosis, treatment prescription and prognosis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narcís Cardoner
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine Bellaterra, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Unitat de Neurociència Traslacional, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Raül Andero
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Unitat de Neurociència Traslacional, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Psicobiologia i de Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Cano
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Marin-Blasco
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Porta-Casteràs
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine Bellaterra, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Unitat de Neurociència Traslacional, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Maria Serra-Blasco
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Programa eHealth ICOnnecta't, Institut Català d'Oncologia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Via
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Research Group, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Muriel Vicent-Gil
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria J. Portella
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine Bellaterra, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Characteristics of white matter structural connectivity in healthy adults with childhood maltreatment. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2023; 14:2179278. [PMID: 37052100 PMCID: PMC9970228 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2023.2179278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Childhood maltreatment (CM) is a common psychological stressor associated with multiple mental disorders. While CM is associated with vulnerability to depression and anxiety, little is known about the specific mechanism underlying this relationship.Objective: This study aimed to investigate the white matter (WM) of healthy adults with CM and their relationships with depression and anxiety to provide biological evidence for the development of mental disorders in subjects with childhood trauma.Methods: The CM group included 40 healthy adults with CM. The non-CM group included 40 healthy adults without CM. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data were collected, and tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) were applied to the whole brain to assess WM differences between the two groups; post-hoc fibre tractography was used to characterise the developmental differences; and mediation analysis was used to assess the relationships among the Child Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) results, DTI indices, and depression and anxiety scores.Results: Relative to the non-CM group, the CM group revealed significantly lower fractional anisotropy (FA) in the right posterior corona radiata (PCR-R), right anterior corona radiata (ACR-R), left super corona radiata (SCR-L), anterior thalamic radiation (ATR), and right posterior limb of the internal capsule (PLIC-R). Additionally, shorter fibre bundles passed through the PCR-R, ACR-R, and ATR in the CM group compared with the non-CM group. Besides, the length of the ACR-R mediated the relationship between CM and trait anxiety.Conclusions: The alteration of white matter microstructure associated with childhood trauma in healthy adults may reflect biomarkers of childhood trauma. Besides, an alteration of WM microstructure in healthy adults with CM mediates the association between CM and trait anxiety, which may represent the vulnerability to developing mental disorders after childhood trauma experiences.
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Li W, Li Q, Zhang P, Liu H, Ye Z. Interaction between childhood trauma experience and TPH2 rs7305115 gene polymorphism in brain gray matter volume. BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN FUNCTIONS : BBF 2023; 19:22. [PMID: 38093326 PMCID: PMC10720107 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-023-00224-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood trauma is one of the most extensively studied and well-supported environmental risk factors for the development of mental health problems. The human tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2) gene is one of the most promising candidate genes in numerous psychiatric disorders. However, it is now widely acknowledged that neither genetic variation nor environmental exposure alone can fully explain all the phenotypic variance observed in psychiatric disorders. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the interaction between the two factors in psychiatric research. METHODS We enrolled a sizable nonclinical cohort of 786 young, healthy adults who underwent structural MRI scans and completed genotyping, the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and behavioural scores. We identified the interaction between childhood trauma and the TPH2 rs7305115 gene polymorphism in the gray matter volume (GMV) of specific brain subregions and the behaviour in our sample using a multiple linear regression framework. We utilized mediation effect analysis to identify environment /gene-brain-behaviour relationships. RESULTS We found that childhood trauma and TPH2 rs7305115 interacted in both behaviour and the GMV of brain subregions. Our findings indicated that the GMV of the right posterior parietal thalamus served as a significant mediator supporting relationship between childhood trauma (measured by CTQ score) and anxiety scores in our study population, and the process was partly modulated by the TPH2 rs7305115 gene polymorphism. Moreover, we found only a main effect of childhood trauma in the GMV of the right parahippocampal gyrus area, supporting the relationship between childhood trauma and anxiety scores as a significant mediator. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that early-life trauma may have a specific and long-term structural effect on brain GMV, potentially leading to altered cognitive and emotional processes involving the parahippocampal gyrus and thalamus that may also be modulated by the TPH2 gene polymorphism. This finding highlights the importance of considering genetic factors when examining the impact of early-life experiences on brain structure and function. Gene‒environment studies can be regarded as a powerful objective supplement for targeted therapy, early diagnosis and treatment evaluation in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin; Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Huanhuxi Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin; Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Huanhuxi Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin; Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Huanhuxi Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Huaigui Liu
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154, Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China.
| | - Zhaoxiang Ye
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin; Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Huanhuxi Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, China.
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Kirse HA, Bahrami M, Lyday RG, Simpson SL, Peterson-Sockwell H, Burdette JH, Laurienti PJ. Differences in Brain Network Topology Based on Alcohol Use History in Adolescents. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1676. [PMID: 38137124 PMCID: PMC10741456 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13121676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately 6 million youth aged 12 to 20 consume alcohol monthly in the United States. The effect of alcohol consumption in adolescence on behavior and cognition is heavily researched; however, little is known about how alcohol consumption in adolescence may alter brain function, leading to long-term developmental detriments. In order to investigate differences in brain connectivity associated with alcohol use in adolescents, brain networks were constructed using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data collected by the National Consortium on Alcohol and NeuroDevelopment in Adolescence (NCANDA) from 698 youth (12-21 years; 117 hazardous drinkers and 581 no/low drinkers). Analyses assessed differences in brain network topology based on alcohol consumption in eight predefined brain networks, as well as in whole-brain connectivity. Within the central executive network (CEN), basal ganglia network (BGN), and sensorimotor network (SMN), no/low drinkers demonstrated stronger and more frequent connections between highly globally efficient nodes, with fewer and weaker connections between highly clustered nodes. Inverse results were observed within the dorsal attention network (DAN), visual network (VN), and frontotemporal network (FTN), with no/low drinkers demonstrating weaker connections between nodes with high efficiency and increased frequency of clustered nodes compared to hazardous drinkers. Cross-sectional results from this study show clear organizational differences between adolescents with no/low or hazardous alcohol use, suggesting that aberrant connectivity in these brain networks is associated with risky drinking behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley A. Kirse
- Laboratory for Complex Brain Networks, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA; (H.A.K.); (M.B.); (R.G.L.); (S.L.S.); (H.P.-S.); (J.H.B.)
- Graduate Program, Wake Forest Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Mohsen Bahrami
- Laboratory for Complex Brain Networks, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA; (H.A.K.); (M.B.); (R.G.L.); (S.L.S.); (H.P.-S.); (J.H.B.)
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Robert G. Lyday
- Laboratory for Complex Brain Networks, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA; (H.A.K.); (M.B.); (R.G.L.); (S.L.S.); (H.P.-S.); (J.H.B.)
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Sean L. Simpson
- Laboratory for Complex Brain Networks, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA; (H.A.K.); (M.B.); (R.G.L.); (S.L.S.); (H.P.-S.); (J.H.B.)
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Hope Peterson-Sockwell
- Laboratory for Complex Brain Networks, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA; (H.A.K.); (M.B.); (R.G.L.); (S.L.S.); (H.P.-S.); (J.H.B.)
| | - Jonathan H. Burdette
- Laboratory for Complex Brain Networks, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA; (H.A.K.); (M.B.); (R.G.L.); (S.L.S.); (H.P.-S.); (J.H.B.)
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Paul J. Laurienti
- Laboratory for Complex Brain Networks, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA; (H.A.K.); (M.B.); (R.G.L.); (S.L.S.); (H.P.-S.); (J.H.B.)
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
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Kang J, Rodriguez CM. Spanking and executive functioning in US children: A longitudinal analysis on a matched sample. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2023; 146:106474. [PMID: 37742555 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spanking has been linked to multiple maladaptive child outcomes. However, previous research linking spanking with children's executive function skills (EFs; inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility, and working memory) is limited by research designs that do not adequately address selection bias concerns, wherein the participant characteristics potentially differ between those who are spanked versus not spanked. OBJECTIVE Using a representative sample of US children aged 5 to 6, this study strengthened the evidence for causal estimates on the link between spanking and subsequent EFs with a matched-group design. Low-frequency spanking and potential moderators (child gender, parent race/ethnicity, parental warmth) were tested to determine if they moderated the link between spanking and EFs. PARTICIPANTS Data were drawn from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 2010-11 (Ns = 12,750-12,830). To mitigate selection bias, entropy-balanced matching was utilized to match spanked versus not-spanked groups, and lagged dependent variable regression analyses were conducted on the matched sample to predict EFs by spanking group status. RESULTS After matching, spanking at age 5 was associated with lower inhibitory control and lower cognitive flexibility at age 6, but was not significantly predictive of later working memory. The association with inhibitory control was observed even for low frequency spanking. However, no evidence of moderation by child gender, parent race/ethnicity, and parental warmth was identified. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence that spanking is associated with lower executive functioning in children, although the associations varied by different EF domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeehye Kang
- Department of Sociology and Criminal Justice, Old Dominion University, United States of America.
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Sisk LM, Keding TJ, Cohodes EM, McCauley S, Pierre JC, Odriozola P, Kribakaran S, Haberman JT, Zacharek SJ, Hodges HR, Caballero C, Gold G, Huang AY, Talton A, Gee DG. Multivariate links between the developmental timing of adversity exposure and white matter tract integrity in adulthood. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.12.566271. [PMID: 38014148 PMCID: PMC10680630 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.12.566271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Early-life adversity is pervasive worldwide and represents a potent risk factor for increased mental health burden across the lifespan. However, there is substantial individual heterogeneity in associations between adversity exposure, neurobiological changes, and mental health problems. Accounting for key features of adversity such as the developmental timing of exposure may clarify associations between adversity, neurodevelopment, and mental health. The present study leverages sparse canonical correlation analysis to characterize modes of covariation between age of adversity exposure and the integrity of white matter tracts throughout the brain in a sample of 107 adults. We find that adversity exposure during middle childhood (ages 5-6 and 8-9 in particular) is consistently linked with alterations in white matter tract integrity, such that tracts supporting sensorimotor functions display higher integrity in relation to adversity exposure while tracts supporting cortico-cortical communication display lower integrity. Further, latent patterns of tract integrity linked with adversity experienced across preschool age and middle childhood (ages 4-9) were associated with trauma-related symptoms in adulthood. Our findings underscore that adversity exposure may differentially affect white matter in a function- and developmental-timing specific manner and suggest that adversity experienced between ages 4-9 may shape the development of global white matter tracts in ways that are relevant for adult mental health.
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Xu Y, Wang Y, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Tong L, He Y, Fang J, Li R, Zhang X, Jin L. The Relationship Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Subjective Cognitive Decline Based on Sexual Orientation. Clin Gerontol 2023:1-9. [PMID: 37955228 DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2023.2282484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Research indicates adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) were associated with subjective cognitive decline (SCD), with higher ACEs reported by sexual minoritized individuals (i.e. lesbian, gay, and bisexual; LGB). This study aimed to explore the relationships between ACEs and SCD based on sexual orientation in middle-aged and older adults. METHODS The study included 76,592 participants from the 2019-2020 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey (BRFSS). Multivariate logistic regressions analyzed ACEs status, score, and type associations with SCD. RESULTS 2.18% of the participants identified as sexual minoritized individuals. More sexual minoritized individuals reported SCD compared to heterosexual individuals (10.70% for heterosexuals; 17.27% for sexual minoritized individuals). Positive association between SCD and ACEs status (OR = 2.18, 95%CI: 1.09-4.40) was identified among sexual minoritized individuals. CONCLUSIONS The association between ACEs and SCD was strong in both heterosexual and sexual minoritized populations. Given the higher experience of ACEs among sexual minoritized adults, the subsequent frequency of SCD among these adults also may be higher. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Sexual minoritized older adults may have a history of numerous ACEs, which could contribute to a greater burden of SCD. Clinicians and other stakeholders may wish to consider relationships between ACEs and SCD based on sexual orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yanfang Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yana Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Li Tong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yue He
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jiaxin Fang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Runhong Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xinyao Zhang
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Lina Jin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Li X, Xu M, Wang Z. Childhood trauma, intraindividual reaction time variability, baseline respiratory sinus arrhythmia, and perceived relapse tendency among males with substance use disorders. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2023; 49:827-838. [PMID: 38078873 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2023.2289006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Background: People with substance use disorders (SUDs) who have experienced serious childhood trauma may have executive function impairments contributing to relapse. Baseline respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) reflects physiological regulation capacity, which has been found to buffer the negative effects of childhood trauma. Baseline RSA has also been found to be related to intraindividual reaction time variability (IIRTV), which is an index of executive function.Objectives: The present study examined the relationship between childhood trauma and perceived relapse tendency, the mediation role of IIRTV, and the moderation role of baseline RSA.Methods: The study is cross-sectional, a total of 110 males with SUDs participated (Mage = 46.45 years, SD = 11.24). The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and Intention to Rehabilitate Questionnaire were used to assess childhood trauma and perceived relapse tendency, the two-choice oddball task was used to measure IIRTV, and electrocardiogram (ECG) data were collected to obtain baseline RSA.Results: IIRTV mediated the relationship between childhood trauma and perceived relapse tendency (Coeff = 0.049, Boot CI [0.004, 0.121]); interaction of childhood trauma and Baseline RSA negatively influences IIRTV (β = -0.208, t = -2.022, p = .046).Conclusion: The results suggest that males with SUDs who have experienced serious childhood trauma may have executive function impairments that contribute to relapse, and baseline RSA may buffer the negative effect of childhood trauma on IIRTV. These findings suggest that the prevention of relapse through cognitive enhancement can be complemented by the enhancement of physiological regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Provincial Key Research Center of Child Mental and Behavioral Health, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mengsi Xu
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Provincial Key Research Center of Child Mental and Behavioral Health, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhenhong Wang
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Provincial Key Research Center of Child Mental and Behavioral Health, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
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Villalba K, Domenico LH, Cook RL, O’Connor J, Michael-Samaroo K, Espejo MJDP, Martin P, Dévieux JG. Emotion regulation and cognitive function as mediating factors for the association between lifetime abuse and risky behaviors in women of color. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0279325. [PMID: 37903096 PMCID: PMC10615312 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between lifetime abuse (i.e., childhood abuse, intimate partner violence) and risky behaviors is well established. One proposed mechanism is poor emotion regulation and executive functioning, as a potential mechanism that may explain the relationship between lifetime abuse and risky behaviors. However, research on executive functioning and emotion regulation as mediators of this relationship has been limited. In the present study, we examined this association. We hypothesized that lifetime abuse would be significantly associated with executive function and emotion regulation which in turn would be associated with greater alcohol use and risky sex. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 150 women with a history of lifetime abuse who were assessed for hazardous alcohol use using the AUDIT Score; emotion regulation was measured using the Difficulties with Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS); risky sex was measured using the question: "in the last 90 days, how many people did you have anal or vaginal sex without using a condom? Executive function was assessed using the NIH Toolbox. RESULTS The mediation model followed the self-regulation theory, which proposes executive function as the higher-order cognitive process. Results showed that executive function deficit and poor emotion regulation significantly mediated the relationship between lifetime abuse and hazardous alcohol use (indirect effect = .097, SE .031, 95% CI = .035 to .158). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest a higher-order cognitive process with executive function promoting emotion regulation as a potential mechanism for alcohol problems in women of color who experienced lifetime abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Villalba
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States of America
| | - Lisa H. Domenico
- College of Nursing, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Robert L. Cook
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Julia O’Connor
- School of Social Work, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States of America
| | | | | | - Pilar Martin
- College of Nursing and Public Health, Adelphi University, Garden City, New York, United States of America
| | - Jessy G. Dévieux
- Department of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, United States of America
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Reisch AA, Bessette KL, Jenkins LM, Skerrett KA, Gabriel LB, Kling LR, Stange JP, Ryan KA, Schreiner MW, Crowell SE, Kaufman EA, Langenecker SA. Human emotion processing accuracy, negative biases, and fMRI activation are associated with childhood trauma. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1181785. [PMID: 37908596 PMCID: PMC10614639 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1181785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Emerging literature suggests that childhood trauma may influence facial emotion perception (FEP), with the potential to negatively bias both emotion perception and reactions to emotion-related inputs. Negative emotion perception biases are associated with a range of psychiatric and behavioral problems, potentially due or as a result of difficult social interactions. Unfortunately, there is a poor understanding of whether observed negative biases are related to childhood trauma history, depression history, or processes common to (and potentially causative of) both experiences. Methods The present cross-sectional study examines the relation between FEP and neural activation during FEP with retrospectively reported childhood trauma in young adult participants with remitted major depressive disorder (rMDD, n = 41) and without psychiatric histories (healthy controls [HC], n = 34). Accuracy of emotion categorization and negative bias errors during FEP and brain activation were each measured during exposure to fearful, angry, happy, sad, and neutral faces. We examined participant behavioral and neural responses in relation to total reported severity of childhood abuse and neglect (assessed with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, CTQ). Results Results corrected for multiple comparisons indicate that higher trauma scores were associated with greater likelihood of miscategorizing happy faces as angry. Activation in the right middle frontal gyrus (MFG) positively correlated with trauma scores when participants viewed faces that they correctly categorized as angry, fearful, sad, and happy. Discussion Identifying the neural mechanisms by which childhood trauma and MDD may change facial emotion perception could inform targeted prevention efforts for MDD or related interpersonal difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis A. Reisch
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Katie L. Bessette
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Huntsman Mental Health Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Lisanne M. Jenkins
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Kristy A. Skerrett
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Laura B. Gabriel
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Leah R. Kling
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jonathan P. Stange
- Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Kelly A. Ryan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Mindy Westlund Schreiner
- Department of Psychiatry and Huntsman Mental Health Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Sheila E. Crowell
- Department of Psychiatry and Huntsman Mental Health Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Erin A. Kaufman
- Department of Psychiatry and Huntsman Mental Health Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Scott A. Langenecker
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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Li L, Jiang J, Wu B, Lin J, Roberts N, Sweeney JA, Gong Q, Jia Z. Distinct gray matter abnormalities in children/adolescents and adults with history of childhood maltreatment. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 153:105376. [PMID: 37643682 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Gray matter (GM) abnormalities have been reported in both adults and children/adolescents with histories of childhood maltreatment (CM). A comparison of effects in youth and adulthood may be informative regarding life-span effects of CM. Voxel-wise meta-analyses of whole-brain voxel-based morphometry studies were conducted in all datasets and age-based subgroups respectively, followed by a quantitative comparison of the subgroups. Thirty VBM studies (31 datasets) were included. The pooled meta-analysis revealed increased GM in left supplementary motor area, and reduced GM in bilateral cingulate/paracingulate gyri, left occipital lobe, and right middle frontal gyrus in maltreated individuals compared to the controls. Maltreatment-exposed youth showed less GM in the cerebellum, and greater GM in bilateral middle cingulate/paracingulate gyri and bilateral visual cortex than maltreated adults. Opposite GM alterations in bilateral middle cingulate/paracingulate gyri were found in maltreatment-exposed adults (decreased) and children/adolescents (increased). Our findings demonstrate different patterns of GM changes in youth closer to maltreatment events than those seen later in life, suggesting detrimental effects of CM on the developmental trajectory of brain structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Departments of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China; Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Departments of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China; Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Baolin Wu
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Departments of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China; Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinping Lin
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Departments of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Neil Roberts
- The Queens Medical Research Institute (QMRI), School of Clinical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - John A Sweeney
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Departments of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Departments of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China; Department of Radiology, West China Xiamen Hospital of Sichuan University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
| | - Zhiyun Jia
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China; Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Feng X, Wang J, Wu J, Ren X, Zhou H, Li S, Zhang J, Wang S, Wang Y, Hu Z, Hu X, Jiang T. Abnormality of anxious behaviors and functional connectivity between the amygdala and the frontal lobe in maternally deprived monkeys. Brain Behav 2023; 13:e3027. [PMID: 37464725 PMCID: PMC10498070 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Anxious behaviors often occur in individuals who have experienced early adversity. Anxious behaviors can bring many hazards, such as social withdrawal, eating disorders, negative self-efficacy, self-injurious thoughts and behaviors, anxiety disorders, and even depression. Abnormal behavior are is closely related to changes in corresponding circuit functions in the brain. This study investigated the relationship between brain circuits and anxious behaviors in maternal-deprived rhesus monkey animal model, which mimic early adversity in human. METHODS Twenty-five rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were grouped by two different rearing conditions: 11 normal control and mother-reared (MR) monkeys and 14 maternally deprived and peer-reared (MD) monkeys. After obtaining images of the brain areas with significant differences in maternal separation and normal control macaque function, the relationship between functional junction intensity and stereotypical behaviors was determined by correlation analysis. RESULTS The correlation analysis revealed that stereotypical behaviors were negatively correlated with the coupling between the left lateral amygdala subregion and the left inferior frontal gyrus in both MD and MR macaques. CONCLUSION This study suggests that early adversity-induced anxious behaviors are associated with changes in the strength of the amygdala-prefrontal connection. The normalization of the regions involved in the functional connection might reverse the behavioral abnormality. It provides a solid foundation for effective intervention in human early adversity. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT This study suggests that early adversity-induced anxious behaviors are associated with changes in the strength of the amygdala-prefrontal connection. The higher the amygdala-prefrontal connection strength, the less stereotyped behaviors exhibited by monkeys experiencing early adversity. Thus, in the future, changing the strength of the amygdala-prefrontal connection may reverse the behavioral abnormalities of individuals who experience early adversity. This study provides a solid foundation for effective intervention in humans' early adversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao‐Li Feng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnanChina
- Department of PhysiologyFaculty of Basic Medical ScienceKunming Medical UniversityKunmingYunnanChina
- Institute of NeuroscienceKunming Medical UniversityKunmingYunnanChina
| | - Jiao‐Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical ResearchInstitute of Primate Translational MedicineKunming University of Science and TechnologyKunmingChina
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical ResearchKunmingChina
| | - Jing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnanChina
| | - Xiao‐Feng Ren
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnanChina
- Kunming College of Life ScienceUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnanChina
| | - Hui Zhou
- Department of PhysiologyFaculty of Basic Medical ScienceKunming Medical UniversityKunmingYunnanChina
| | - Si‐Yu Li
- Department of PhysiologyFaculty of Basic Medical ScienceKunming Medical UniversityKunmingYunnanChina
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Basic Medical SciencesKunming Medical UniversityKunmingYunnanChina
| | - Sheng‐Hai Wang
- School of Basic Medical SciencesKunming Medical UniversityKunmingYunnanChina
| | - Yun Wang
- National Resource Center for Non‐Human Primates, Kunming Primate Research Center, and National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnanChina
| | - Zheng‐Fei Hu
- National Resource Center for Non‐Human Primates, Kunming Primate Research Center, and National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnanChina
| | - Xin‐Tian Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnanChina
- National Resource Center for Non‐Human Primates, Kunming Primate Research Center, and National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnanChina
- Center for Excellence in Brain ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Tian‐Zi Jiang
- Brainnetome Center and National Laboratory of Pattern RecognitionInstitute of AutomationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Research Center for Augmented IntelligenceZhejiang LaboratoryHangzhouChina
- Center for Excellence in Brain ScienceInstitute of AutomationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
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38
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Xie H, Shih CH, Aldoohan SD, Wall JT, Wang X. Hypothalamus volume mediates the association between adverse childhood experience and PTSD development after adulthood trauma. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:274. [PMID: 37542036 PMCID: PMC10403516 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02576-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamus is critical for regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and response to stress. Adverse childhood experience (ACE) can affect brain structure, which may contribute to development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after subsequent adult trauma. It is unclear, however, if ACE history is particularly associated with aspects of hypothalamic structure which contribute to development of PTSD. To address this issue, the present study longitudinally assessed hypothalamic volumes and their associations with ACE and early post-trauma stress symptoms in subjects who did or did not develop PTSD during 12 months after adult trauma. 109 subjects (18-60 years, F/M = 75/34) completed the PTSD Checklist (PCL) questionnaire for post-trauma stress symptoms, the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) for ACE assessment, and an initial MRI brain scan for hypothalamic volume measurement, within 2 weeks after adult trauma. At post-trauma 12 months, subjects underwent a subsequent PTSD diagnosis interview using the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS), and a follow-up MRI scan. Left and right hypothalamus volumes at 2 weeks after adult trauma negatively correlated with CTQ scores. Right hypothalamus volume at this early time mediated an association between ACE and PTSD symptoms 12 months later. Right hypothalamus volumes also remained persistently smaller from 2 weeks to 12 months after trauma in survivors who developed PTSD. These results suggest that smaller right hypothalamus volume may be related to ACE history in ways that contribute to PTSD development after trauma in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Xie
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA.
| | - Chia-Hao Shih
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | | | - John T Wall
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
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Dark HE, Harnett NG, Goodman AM, Wheelock MD, Mrug S, Schuster MA, Elliott MN, Tortolero Emery S, Knight DC. Stress-induced Changes in Autonomic Reactivity Vary with Adolescent Violence Exposure and Resting-state Functional Connectivity. Neuroscience 2023; 522:81-97. [PMID: 37172687 PMCID: PMC10330471 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to violence during childhood can lead to functional changes in brain regions that are important for emotion expression and regulation, which may increase susceptibility to internalizing disorders in adulthood. Specifically, childhood violence exposure can disrupt the functional connectivity among brain regions that include the prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus, and amygdala. Together, these regions are important for modulating autonomic responses to stress. However, it is unclear to what extent changes in brain connectivity relate to autonomic stress reactivity and how the relationship between brain connectivity and autonomic responses to stress varies with childhood violence exposure. Thus, the present study examined whether stress-induced changes in autonomic responses (e.g., heart rate, skin conductance level (SCL)) varied with amygdala-, hippocampus-, and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC)-whole brain resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) as a function of violence exposure. Two hundred and ninety-seven participants completed two resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans prior to (pre-stress) and after (post-stress) a psychosocial stress task. Heart rate and SCL were recorded during each scan. Post-stress heart rate varied negatively with post-stress amygdala-inferior parietal lobule rsFC and positively with post-stress hippocampus-anterior cingulate cortex rsFC among those exposed to high, but not low, levels of violence. Results from the present study suggest that post-stress fronto-limbic and parieto-limbic rsFC modulates heart rate and may underlie differences in the stress response among those exposed to high levels of violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather E Dark
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Nathaniel G Harnett
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Adam M Goodman
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Muriah D Wheelock
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Sylvie Mrug
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Mark A Schuster
- Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | | | - Susan Tortolero Emery
- School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David C Knight
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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Panariello F, Zamparini M, Picchioni M, Nielssen OB, Heitzman J, Iozzino L, Markewitz I, Wancata J, de Girolamo G. Exposure to violence in childhood and risk of violence in adult schizophrenia: Results from a multinational study. Psychiatry Res 2023; 326:115299. [PMID: 37331069 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the connection between childhood violence exposure and violent behavior in adults with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs). The case-control study included 398 SSD patients: 221 cases with a history of severe interpersonal violence in the past and 177 controls with no history of violence. The findings indicated that cases were significantly more likely to report childhood exposure to all forms of witnessed or personally sustained violence both within and outside the family, with those who had witnessed intra-familial violence being more likely to assault a family member in adulthood. Cases reported exposure to violence before the age of 12 years significantly more frequently than controls, and those with early-life violence exposure were significantly more likely to report that they were in a state of intense anger when they behaved violently. A dose-response relationship was observed, with evidence of an increased risk of later violence when the exposure occurred before the age of 12 and an increased likelihood of intrafamilial violence. The evidence suggests that childhood violence exposure was associated with an increased risk of violent behavior in adult SSD patients, and early exposure was linked to an increased likelihood of physical violence occurring in states of intense anger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Panariello
- University of Bologna, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences - DIBINEM, Via Massarenti, 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Manuel Zamparini
- IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Unit of Epidemiological Psychiatry and Evaluation, Via Pilastroni 4, 25125, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Picchioni
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Science, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London WC2R 2LS, London, UK; St Magnus Hospital, Marley Ln, Haslemere Surrey GU27 3PX, UK
| | - Olav B Nielssen
- St Vincent's Hospital, 390 Victoria St, Darlinghurst NSW 2010, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Janusz Heitzman
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Jana III Sobieskiego 9, 02-957 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Laura Iozzino
- IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Unit of Epidemiological Psychiatry and Evaluation, Via Pilastroni 4, 25125, Brescia, Italy
| | - Inga Markewitz
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Jana III Sobieskiego 9, 02-957 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Johannes Wancata
- Medical University of Vienna, Clinical Division of Social Psychiatry, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Giovanni de Girolamo
- IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Unit of Epidemiological Psychiatry and Evaluation, Via Pilastroni 4, 25125, Brescia, Italy.
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Dowdy R, Estes J, McCarthy C, Onders J, Onders M, Suttner A. The Influence of Occupational Therapy on Self-Regulation in Juvenile Offenders. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT TRAUMA 2023; 16:221-232. [PMID: 36340267 PMCID: PMC9628343 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-022-00493-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that experiences of childhood trauma disproportionally impact incarcerated youth and may decrease self-regulation skills including identification of emotions and ability to control behaviors. Purpose: The current study aimed to investigate changes in emotional state identified by incarcerated youth after receiving sensory-based occupational therapy treatment. Methods: A quasi-experimental retrospective chart review design was used in addition to surveys. Results: Participants had an average ACE score of 5.91 traumatic experiences and at least three mental health diagnoses. Results showed a statistically significant change between pre-and post-session emotions via a Likert scale as well as a decrease in the frequency of negative words used to identify emotions. When surveyed, participants reported a calmer body state after occupational therapy and highlighted the importance of learning coping strategies. Conclusion: Results suggest that sensory-based occupational therapy may be an effective, trauma-informed intervention to improve self-regulation and support daily function of these incarcerated youth.
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Huffman N, Shih CH, Cotton AS, Lewis TJ, Grider S, Wall JT, Wang X, Xie H. Association of age of adverse childhood experiences with thalamic volumes and post-traumatic stress disorder in adulthood. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1147686. [PMID: 37283956 PMCID: PMC10239841 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1147686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been linked to brain development and mental disorders, however, the impact of the age of occurrence of ACEs on thalamic volume and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after adult trauma remains unclear. This study assessed associations between ACEs at different ages to thalamic volumes and PTSD development following acute adult trauma. Methods Seventy-nine adult trauma survivors were recruited immediately after trauma. Within 2 weeks of the traumatic event, participants completed the PTSD Checklist (PCL) to assess PTSD symptoms, the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and Childhood Age Range Stress Scale (CARSS) to evaluate ACEs and perceived stress level at preschool (<6 years old) and school (6-13 years old) ages, and structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) to measure thalamic volumes. Participants were divided into three groups: those who experienced no childhood trauma or stress (non-ACEs), those who experienced childhood trauma and stress onset at preschool ages (Presch-ACEs), and those who experienced childhood trauma and stress onset at school ages (Sch-ACEs). At 3 months, participants underwent PTSD symptom evaluation using the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS). Results Adult trauma survivors in the Presch-ACEs group had higher CTQ and CAPS scores. In addition, survivors in the Presch-ACEs group had smaller thalamic volume compared to survivors in the non-ACEs and Sch-ACEs groups. Furthermore, smaller thalamic volume moderated a positive association between post-trauma 2-week PCL and subsequent 3-month CAPS scores. Discussion Earlier occurrence of ACEs was associated with smaller thalamic volume, which appears to moderate a positive association between early posttraumatic stress symptom severity and PTSD development after adult trauma. This raises the possibility that early occurrence of ACEs may impact thalamic structure, specifically a reduction in thalamic volume, and that smaller thalamic volume may contribute to susceptibility to PTSD development after adult trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nickelas Huffman
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Chia-Hao Shih
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Andrew S. Cotton
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Terrence J. Lewis
- Department of Radiology, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Stephen Grider
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - John T. Wall
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Hong Xie
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
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Hong A, Zhou S, Yang C, Liu X, Su S, Wang Z. Impact of childhood trauma on the abnormal functional connectivity of brain regions in the fear network model of panic disorder. J Affect Disord 2023; 329:500-510. [PMID: 36858271 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.02.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People who have suffered childhood trauma may be more susceptible to panic disorder (PD). Existing evidence indicates that childhood trauma can significantly impact brain function. Meanwhile, the brain regions involved in the fear network model (FNM) of PD highly overlap with the brain regions affected by childhood trauma. However, it remains unclear whether functional connections between brain regions associated with the FNM in patients with PD are affected by childhood trauma. This study aimed to investigate the effects of childhood trauma on the functional connectivity (FC) of brain regions associated with the FNM in patients with PD. METHOD This study recruited 62 patients with PD, including 21 with a high level of childhood trauma (PD_HCT), 41 with a low level of childhood trauma (PD_LCT), and 40 healthy controls (HCs). The patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging resting-state scanning. The amygdala, anterior cingulate, thalamus, and hippocampus were chosen as regions of interest (ROIs) to examine group differences in ROIs and whole-brain resting-state FC (rsFC). RESULTS Compared with PD_HCT patients, PD_LCT patients exhibited significantly increased rsFC in the right thalamus, right temporo-occipital middle temporal gyrus, left thalamus, and right temporo-occipital middle temporal gyrus. Compared with HCs, PD_LCT patients had increased rsFC between the right thalamus and the right temporo-occipital middle temporal gyrus. CONCLUSION Patients with PD who had suffered high and low levels of childhood trauma were found to exhibit different pathological rsFC alterations in the FNM, suggesting that childhood trauma may be an important risk factor for the development of PD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang Hong
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuangyi Zhou
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Yang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xitong Liu
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shanshan Su
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Yang L, Jia FF, Lu XY, Jia CX. Internalizing and externalizing problems mediate the relationship between maltreatment and self-harm among UK adolescents. J Affect Disord 2023; 333:240-248. [PMID: 37084976 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maltreatment is a significant predictive factor for self-harm in adolescents. Internalizing and externalizing problems are both common psychopathological issues in adolescents. This study aimed to look into the link between maltreatment and self-harm in a large sample of adolescents in the UK, as well as the mediating effects that internalizing and externalizing problems play in this link. METHODS Data were pulled from the UK Millennium Cohort Study, and a total of 8894 adolescents were included in this analysis. All variables were assessed by Questionnaires. Path analysis was performed to assess the mediating effects of internalizing and externalizing problems in the link between maltreatment and self-harm. RESULTS 23.4 % of samples reported self-harm incidents during the preceding 12 months. Emotional abuse and physical abuse were significantly related to self-harm, and adolescents who had experienced multiple forms of maltreatment were more prone to self-harm. Mediation analysis revealed that internalizing problems were the primary mediator in the link between emotional abuse and self-harm, with the mediation effect size being 0.29. Internalizing and externalizing problems performed similarly in the link between physical abuse and self-harm, with mediation effect sizes of 0.23 and 0.19, respectively. LIMITATIONS The majority of the data was gathered through self-reporting. CONCLUSIONS Emotional abuse and physical abuse were significant predictors of self-harm, and their links with self-harm were partially mediated via internalizing and externalizing problems. Better supervision of maltreatment, and timely intervention for both internalizing and externalizing problems, are critical in preventing self-harm among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Fei-Fei Jia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Xin-Yi Lu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Cun-Xian Jia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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Kitamura S, Matsuoka K, Takahashi M, Hiroaki Y, Ishida R, Kishimoto N, Yasuno F, Yasuda Y, Hashimoto R, Miyasaka T, Kichikawa K, Kishimoto T, Makinodan M. Association of adverse childhood experience-related increase in neurite density with sensory over-responsivity in autism spectrum disorder: A neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging study. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 161:316-323. [PMID: 36996724 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
Sensory over-responsivity (SOR) causes social and daily distress in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Compared to typically developed (TD) individuals, ASD individuals are at higher risk of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), which induce abnormal neuronal development. However, whether or how ACEs are associated with abnormal neural development and SOR in ASD remains to be determined. Forty-five individuals with ASD and 43 TD individuals underwent T1-weighted and neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging; the axonal and dendritic densities were defined as the neurite density index (NDI). Voxel-based analyses were performed to explore the brain regions associated with SOR. The relationships between severity of ACEs and SOR, and NDI in the brain regions were examined. ASD individuals showed a significantly positive association between SOR severity and NDI in the right superior temporal gyrus (STG), which was not found in TD individuals. Severity of ACEs correlated significantly with that of SOR and NDI in the right STG in ASD; ASD individuals having severe SOR showed significantly higher NDI in the right STG than those with mild SOR and TD individuals. In individuals with ASD, NDI in the right STG, but not ACEs, could predict the severity of SOR, which was not shown in TD subjects. Our findings suggest that severe ACEs are involved in excessive neurite density in the right STG in ASD. ACE-associated excessive neurite density in the right STG is critical for SOR in ASD, which may be a therapeutic target in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soichiro Kitamura
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Kashihara, Japan; Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kiwamu Matsuoka
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Kashihara, Japan; Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masato Takahashi
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Yoshikawa Hiroaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Rio Ishida
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Naoko Kishimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Yasuno
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Kashihara, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Yuka Yasuda
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka, University, Osaka, Japan; Medical Corporation Foster, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | - Toshifumi Kishimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Manabu Makinodan
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Kashihara, Japan.
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Radford-Smith DE, Anthony DC. Mechanisms of Maternal Diet-Induced Obesity Affecting the Offspring Brain and Development of Affective Disorders. Metabolites 2023; 13:455. [PMID: 36984895 PMCID: PMC10053489 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13030455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression and metabolic disease are common disorders that share a bidirectional relationship and continue to increase in prevalence. Maternal diet and maternal behaviour both profoundly influence the developmental trajectory of offspring during the perinatal period. At an epidemiological level, both maternal depression and obesity during pregnancy have been shown to increase the risk of neuropsychiatric disease in the subsequent generation. Considerable progress has been made to understand the mechanisms by which maternal obesity disrupts the developing offspring gut-brain axis, priming offspring for the development of affective disorders. This review outlines such mechanisms in detail, including altered maternal care, the maternal microbiome, inflammation, breast milk composition, and maternal and placental metabolites. Subsequently, offspring may be prone to developing gut-brain interaction disorders with concomitant changes to brain energy metabolism, neurotransmission, and behaviour, alongside gut dysbiosis. The gut microbiome may act as a key modifiable, and therefore treatable, feature of the relationship between maternal obesity and the offspring brain function. Further studies examining the relationship between maternal nutrition, the maternal microbiome and metabolites, and offspring neurodevelopment are warranted to identify novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E. Radford-Smith
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Warneford Lane, Oxford OX37JX, UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX13TA, UK
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX13QT, UK
| | - Daniel C. Anthony
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX13QT, UK
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The role of sibling aggression during childhood in decision-making during adulthood. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-023-04475-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
AbstractResearch shows sibling relationships can influence cognitive development, specifically in terms of high-order processes involved in social functioning. These high-order processes take place in the human prefrontal cortex. While prefrontal connectivity can be influenced by factors experienced during developmental phases, it remains unclear how experiences of aggression towards a sibling in childhood can contribute to high-order processes in adulthood, specifically decision-making. Through two studies, we sought to establish a relationship between sibling aggression and decision-making styles reported in adulthood, as well as real-time risky decision-making. Study 1 examined the relationship between childhood experiences of sibling aggression and high-order function, specifically decision-making. Self-reports from 142 adult participants revealed that using sibling aggression to maintain dominance (ESAS; Harrison, Harrison, N. (2017). Sibling aggression: Associations with parenting styles, social dominance behaviour and co-occurring forms of family aggression (Doctoral thesis, University of Central Lancashire, UK). Retrieved from: https://clok.uclan.ac.uk/20917/) was linked to avoidant and spontaneous decision-making (GDMS; Scott & Bruce, Scott and Bruce, Educational and Psychological Measurement 55:818–831, 1995). The findings reported here indicate a possible role of sibling aggression in the development of avoidant and spontaneous decision-making styles. Study 2 investigated the relationship between childhood sibling aggression (ESAS; Harrison, Harrison, N. (2017). Sibling aggression: Associations with parenting styles, social dominance behaviour and co-occurring forms of family aggression (Doctoral thesis, University of Central Lancashire, UK). Retrieved from: https://clok.uclan.ac.uk/20917/) and performance in risky decision-making tasks (IOWA gambling task; Bechara et al., Bechara et al., Brain 123:2189–2202, 2000) among 75 adult participants. It revealed that experiences of sibling aggression did not predict risky decision-making. These findings indicate that the types of decisions made may be influenced by childhood sibling aggression, but not the level of risk involved in decisions made.
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Mark CA, Poltavski DV. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy is a sensitive marker of neurophysiological deficits on executive function tasks in young adults with a history of child abuse. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. ADULT 2023:1-14. [PMID: 36803059 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2023.2179399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Previous research has shown the utility of imaging measures of neural activity in identifying deficits in cognitive functioning in individuals with a history of child abuse. The purpose of the present study was to measure differences that may exist between individuals who reported physical, emotional, or sexual abuse as children (n = 37) vs. those who did not (n = 47) using Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) during the completion of cognitive tasks of executive function. The results showed a significantly higher rate and number of errors of commission on the Conners CPT test in the child abuse group compared to the control group. The analyses also showed a statistically significant decrease in oxyhemoglobin (oxy-Hb) concentration in the left rostral prefrontal cortex in the child abuse group compared to the no-abuse group during the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). A similar, albeit non-significant, trend toward decreased oxy-Hb concentration was observed in the child abuse group in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) on the OSPAN and Connors CPT. The results suggest that the latter group may show subtle neurological deficits that persist into adulthood that may not manifest on traditional measures of cognitive function. These findings have implications for the development of remediation and treatment strategies in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Mark
- Department of Psychology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Dmitri V Poltavski
- Department of Psychology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA
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Rizavi HS, Khan OS, Zhang H, Bhaumik R, Grayson DR, Pandey GN. Methylation and expression of glucocorticoid receptor exon-1 variants and FKBP5 in teenage suicide-completers. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:53. [PMID: 36781843 PMCID: PMC9925759 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02345-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A dysregulated hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis has repeatedly been demonstrated to play a fundamental role in psychiatric disorders and suicide, yet the mechanisms underlying this dysregulation are not clear. Decreased expression of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) gene, which is also susceptible to epigenetic modulation, is a strong indicator of impaired HPA axis control. In the context of teenage suicide-completers, we have systematically analyzed the 5'UTR of the GR gene to determine the expression levels of all GR exon-1 transcript variants and their epigenetic state. We also measured the expression and the epigenetic state of the FK506-binding protein 51 (FKBP5/FKBP51), an important modulator of GR activity. Furthermore, steady-state DNA methylation levels depend upon the interplay between enzymes that promote DNA methylation and demethylation activities, thus we analyzed DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), ten-eleven translocation enzymes (TETs), and growth arrest- and DNA-damage-inducible proteins (GADD45). Focusing on both the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus, our results show decreased expression in specific GR exon-1 variants and a strong correlation of DNA methylation changes with gene expression in the PFC. FKBP5 expression is also increased in both areas suggesting a decreased GR sensitivity to cortisol binding. We also identified aberrant expression of DNA methylating and demethylating enzymes in both brain regions. These findings enhance our understanding of the complex transcriptional regulation of GR, providing evidence of epigenetically mediated reprogramming of the GR gene, which could lead to possible epigenetic influences that result in lasting modifications underlying an individual's overall HPA axis response and resilience to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hooriyah S Rizavi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Omar S Khan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Runa Bhaumik
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Dennis R Grayson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | - Ghanshyam N Pandey
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
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Begemann MJH, Schutte MJL, van Dellen E, Abramovic L, Boks MP, van Haren NEM, Mandl RCW, Vinkers CH, Bohlken MM, Sommer IEC. Childhood trauma is associated with reduced frontal gray matter volume: a large transdiagnostic structural MRI study. Psychol Med 2023; 53:741-749. [PMID: 34078485 PMCID: PMC9975993 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721002087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood trauma increases risk for psychopathology and cognitive impairment. Prior research mainly focused on the hippocampus and amygdala in single diagnostic categories. However, other brain regions may be impacted by trauma as well, and effects may be independent of diagnosis. This cross-sectional study investigated cortical and subcortical gray matter volume in relation to childhood trauma severity. METHODS We included 554 participants: 250 bipolar-I patients, 84 schizophrenia-spectrum patients and 220 healthy individuals without a psychiatric history. Participants filled in the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Anatomical T1 MRI scans were acquired at 3T, regional brain morphology was assessed using Freesurfer. RESULTS In the total sample, trauma-related gray matter reductions were found in the frontal lobe (β = -0.049, p = 0.008; q = 0.048), this effect was driven by the right medial orbitofrontal, paracentral, superior frontal regions and the left precentral region. No trauma-related volume reductions were observed in any other (sub)cortical lobes nor the hippocampus or amygdala, trauma-by-group (i.e. both patient groups and healthy subjects) interaction effects were absent. A categorical approach confirmed a pattern of more pronounced frontal gray matter reductions in individuals reporting multiple forms of trauma and across quartiles of cumulative trauma scores. Similar dose-response patterns were revealed within the bipolar and healthy subgroups, but did not reach significance in schizophrenia-spectrum patients. CONCLUSIONS Findings show that childhood trauma is linked to frontal gray matter reductions, independent of psychiatric morbidity. Our results indicate that childhood trauma importantly contributes to the neurobiological changes commonly observed across psychiatric disorders. Frontal volume alterations may underpin affective and cognitive disturbances observed in trauma-exposed individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieke J. H. Begemann
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, Section Cognitive Neurosciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Maya J. L. Schutte
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, Section Cognitive Neurosciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Edwin van Dellen
- Department of Psychiatry, UMCU Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Lucija Abramovic
- Department of Psychiatry, UMCU Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marco P. Boks
- Department of Psychiatry, UMCU Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Neeltje E. M. van Haren
- Department of Psychiatry, UMCU Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rene C. W. Mandl
- Department of Psychiatry, UMCU Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Christiaan H. Vinkers
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC (location VUmc), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam UMC (location VUmc), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marc M. Bohlken
- Department of Psychiatry, UMCU Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Iris E. C. Sommer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, Section Cognitive Neurosciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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