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Christidi F, Drouka A, Brikou D, Mamalaki E, Ntanasi E, Karavasilis E, Velonakis G, Angelopoulou G, Tsapanou A, Gu Y, Yannakoulia M, Scarmeas N. The Association between Individual Food Groups, Limbic System White Matter Tracts, and Episodic Memory: Initial Data from the Aiginition Longitudinal Biomarker Investigation of Neurodegeneration (ALBION) Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:2766. [PMID: 39203902 PMCID: PMC11357525 DOI: 10.3390/nu16162766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Many studies link food intake with clinical cognitive outcomes, but evidence for brain biomarkers, such as memory-related limbic white matter (WM) tracts, is limited. We examined the association between food groups, limbic WM tracts integrity, and memory performance in community-dwelling individuals. (2) Methods: We included 117 non-demented individuals (ALBION study). Verbal and visual episodic memory tests were administered, and a composite z-score was calculated. Diffusion tensor imaging tractography was applied for limbic WM tracts (fornix-FX, cingulum bundle-CB, uncinate fasciculus-UF, hippocampal perforant pathway zone-hPPZ). Food intake was evaluated through four 24-h recalls. We applied linear regression models adjusted for demographics and energy intake. (3) Results: We found significant associations between (a) higher low-to-moderate alcohol intake and higher FX fractional anisotropy (FA), (b) higher full-fat dairy intake and lower hPPZ FA, and (c) higher red meat and cold cuts intake and lower hPPZ FA. None of the food groups was associated with memory performance. (4) Conclusions: Despite non-significant associations between food groups and memory, possibly due to participants' cognitive profile and/or compensatory mechanisms, the study documented a possible beneficial role of low-to-moderate alcohol and a harmful role of full-fat dairy and red meat and cold cuts on limbic WM tracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foteini Christidi
- First Department of Neurology, Aiginition Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece (G.A.)
- Computational Neuroimaging Group (CNG), School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, D08 NHY1 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Archontoula Drouka
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece
| | - Dora Brikou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece
| | - Eirini Mamalaki
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece
| | - Eva Ntanasi
- First Department of Neurology, Aiginition Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece (G.A.)
| | - Efstratios Karavasilis
- Research Unit of Radiology and Medical Imaging, 2nd Department of Radiology, Attikon General University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece
- School of Medicine, Democritus University of Alexandroupolis, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Georgios Velonakis
- Research Unit of Radiology and Medical Imaging, 2nd Department of Radiology, Attikon General University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Angelopoulou
- First Department of Neurology, Aiginition Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece (G.A.)
| | - Angeliki Tsapanou
- First Department of Neurology, Aiginition Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece (G.A.)
- Taub Institute for Research in Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA;
| | - Yian Gu
- Taub Institute for Research in Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA;
| | - Mary Yannakoulia
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Scarmeas
- First Department of Neurology, Aiginition Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece (G.A.)
- Taub Institute for Research in Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA;
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Mudd MK, Angelotta C. Nutrition Education in Psychiatry Residency Programs: A Call to Action. J Nutr 2024; 154:2431-2436. [PMID: 38825041 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The burden of disease attributable to mental health is expected to rise in the coming decades. Poor nutritional status is considered a modifiable risk factor for general mental health. In fact, nutrition interventions are now accepted as a core strategy in mental healthcare to combat physical health inequalities and life-expectancy gap in people with certain psychiatric disorders. However, most psychiatrists are not familiar with evidence for the potential therapeutic benefits of diet in psychiatric illness, and this may be related to sparse nutrition education for physicians. Thus, there is a need to integrate nutritional management in psychiatric practice, but there is a gap in medical education that would support this practice. Here, we discuss evidence for and challenges in 1) assessing diet quality in psychiatric illness, 2) recommending improvements in diet quality and specific dietary patterns in psychiatric illness, and 3) recommending dietary supplements in psychiatric illness. This discussion serves as a call to develop nutrition curricula within psychiatry residency programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Karolina Mudd
- Department of Psychiatry, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States.
| | - Cara Angelotta
- Department of Psychiatry, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
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3
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Zwilling CE, Wu J, Barbey AK. Investigating nutrient biomarkers of healthy brain aging: a multimodal brain imaging study. NPJ AGING 2024; 10:27. [PMID: 38773079 PMCID: PMC11109270 DOI: 10.1038/s41514-024-00150-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
The emerging field of Nutritional Cognitive Neuroscience aims to uncover specific foods and nutrients that promote healthy brain aging. Central to this effort is the discovery of nutrient profiles that can be targeted in nutritional interventions designed to promote brain health with respect to multimodal neuroimaging measures of brain structure, function, and metabolism. The present study therefore conducted one of the largest and most comprehensive nutrient biomarker studies examining multimodal neuroimaging measures of brain health within a sample of 100 older adults. To assess brain health, a comprehensive battery of well-established cognitive and brain imaging measures was administered, along with 13 blood-based biomarkers of diet and nutrition. The findings of this study revealed distinct patterns of aging, categorized into two phenotypes of brain health based on hierarchical clustering. One phenotype demonstrated an accelerated rate of aging, while the other exhibited slower-than-expected aging. A t-test analysis of dietary biomarkers that distinguished these phenotypes revealed a nutrient profile with higher concentrations of specific fatty acids, antioxidants, and vitamins. Study participants with this nutrient profile demonstrated better cognitive scores and delayed brain aging, as determined by a t-test of the means. Notably, participant characteristics such as demographics, fitness levels, and anthropometrics did not account for the observed differences in brain aging. Therefore, the nutrient pattern identified by the present study motivates the design of neuroscience-guided dietary interventions to promote healthy brain aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher E Zwilling
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Jisheng Wu
- Decision Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
- Center for Brain, Biology, and Behavior, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Aron K Barbey
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Decision Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.
- Center for Brain, Biology, and Behavior, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.
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4
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Borrego-Ruiz A, Borrego JJ. Human gut microbiome, diet, and mental disorders. Int Microbiol 2024:10.1007/s10123-024-00518-6. [PMID: 38561477 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-024-00518-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Diet is one of the most important external factor shaping the composition and metabolic activities of the gut microbiome. The gut microbiome plays a crucial role in host health, including immune system development, nutrients metabolism, and the synthesis of bioactive molecules. In addition, the gut microbiome has been described as critical for the development of several mental disorders. Nutritional psychiatry is an emerging field of research that may provide a link between diet, microbial function, and brain health. In this study, we have reviewed the influence of different diet types, such as Western, Mediterranean, vegetarian, and ketogenic, on the gut microbiota composition and function, and their implication in various neuropsychiatric and psychological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Borrego-Ruiz
- Departamento de Psicología Social y de las Organizaciones, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan J Borrego
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Málaga. Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina BIONAND, Málaga, Spain.
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Gaudio S, Rukh G, Di Ciommo V, Berkins S, Wiemerslage L, Schiöth HB. Higher fresh fruit intake relates to larger grey matter volumes in areas involved in dementia and depression: A UK Biobank study. Neuroimage 2023; 283:120438. [PMID: 37918179 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The benefits of consuming fruits and vegetables are widely accepted. While previous studies suggest a protective role of fruits and vegetables against a variety of diseases such as dementia and depression, the biological mechanisms/effects remain unclear. Here we investigated the effect of fruit and vegetable consumption on brain structure. Particularly on grey matter (GM) and white matter (WM) volumes, regional GM volumes and subcortical volumes. Cross-sectional imaging data from UK Biobank cohort was used. A total of 9925 participants (Mean age 62.4 ± 7.5 years, 51.1 % men) were included in the present analysis. Measures included fruit and vegetable intake, other dietary patterns and a number of selected lifestyle factors and clinical data. Brain volumes were derived from structural brain magnetic resonance imaging. General linear model was used to study the associations between brain volumes and fruit/vegetable intakes. After adjusting for selected confounding factors, salad/raw vegetable intake showed a positive association with total white matter volume, fresh fruit intake showed a negative association with total grey matter (GM) volume. Regional GM analyses showed that higher fresh fruit intake was associated with larger GM volume in the left hippocampus, right temporal occipital fusiform cortex, left postcentral gyrus, right precentral gyrus, and right juxtapositional lobule cortex. We conclude that fruit and vegetable consumption seems to specifically modulate brain volumes. In particular, fresh fruit intake may have a protective role in specific cortical areas such as the hippocampus, areas robustly involved in the pathophysiology of dementia and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santino Gaudio
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 593, 751 24, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Gull Rukh
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 593, 751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Vincenzo Di Ciommo
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 593, 751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Samuel Berkins
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 593, 751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lyle Wiemerslage
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 593, 751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Helgi B Schiöth
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 593, 751 24, Uppsala, Sweden; Institute for Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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Barbey AK, Davis TA. Nutrition and the Brain - Exploring Pathways for Optimal Brain Health Through Nutrition: A Call for Papers. J Nutr 2023; 153:3349-3351. [PMID: 37924869 PMCID: PMC10843898 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aron K Barbey
- Decision Neuroscience Laboratory, Center for Brain, Biology, & Behavior, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, United States; Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, United States; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science & Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States.
| | - Teresa A Davis
- United States Department of Agriculture / Agricultural Research Service, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.
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Liu Q, Peng M, Yang T, Si G. Uric acid levels and risk of cognitive impairment: Dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293832. [PMID: 37917590 PMCID: PMC10621826 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Studying the effects of uric acid levels on cognitive function and quantifying the dose-response relationship. METHODS Based on PubMed and Embase search terms, we identified prospective cohort studies that included blood uric acid as a risk factor and cognitive impairment as a result up to September 2022. We extracted pooled relative risks (RRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS Nine reports (including 488,915 participants and 5516 cognitive impairment cases) with median follow-up of 8.8-22 years were eligible for analyses. Compared with lowest category of blood uric acid concentration, the combined RR of cognitive impairment events in the highest classification was 0.81 (95% CI: 0.70-0.92, P < 0.001). Dose-response analysis of eight reports (including 484,297 participants and 5059 cognitive impairment cases) showed that there was no evidence of a curvilinear relationship between blood uric acid levels and cognitive impairment (P = 0.51 for nonlinear relationship). The summary RR of cognitive impairment for an increase of 1 mg/dL blood uric acid level was 0.98 (95% CI: 0.95-1.00; linear trend P = 0.07, I2 = 67.1%, heterogeneity P < 0.05). There was also a linear negative association between blood uric acid levels and cognitive impairment risk in the male subgroup analysis (RR = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.95-0.99, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Levels of blood uric acid are not related to risk of cognitive impairment. A subgroup analysis shows that the rise in blood uric acid levels in the male population is related to a decreased risk of cognitive impairment. These results need to be confirmed by further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Department of Chinese and Western Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Min Peng
- Department of Chinese and Western Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Tiantian Yang
- Department of Chinese and Western Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Guomin Si
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Department of Chinese and Western Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
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8
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Badaeva AV, Danilov AB, Clayton P, Moskalev AA, Karasev AV, Tarasevich AF, Vorobyeva YD, Novikov VN. Perspectives on Neuronutrition in Prevention and Treatment of Neurological Disorders. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112505. [PMID: 37299468 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The term neuronutrition has been proposed as part of nutritional neuroscience, studying the effects of various dietary components on behavior and cognition. Other researchers underline that neuronutrition includes the use of various nutrients and diets to prevent and treat neurological disorders. The aim of this narrative review was to explore the current understanding of the term neuronutrition as the key concept for brain health, its potential molecular targets, and perspectives of its nutritional approach to the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, multiple sclerosis, anxiety, depressive disorders, migraine, and chronic pain. Neuronutrition can be defined as a part of neuroscience that studies the influence of various aspects of nutrition (nutrients, diet, eating behavior, food environment, etc.) on the development of nervous disorders and includes nutrition, clinical dietetics, and neurology. There is evidence that the neuronutritional approach can influence neuroepigenetic modifications, immunological regulation, metabolic control, and behavioral patterns. The main molecular targets in neuronutrition include neuroinflammation, oxidative/nitrosative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, gut-brain axis disturbance, and neurotransmitter imbalance. To effectively apply neuronutrition for maintaining brain health, a personalized approach is needed, which includes the adaptation of the scientific findings to the genetic, biochemical, psycho-physiological, and environmental features of each individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia V Badaeva
- Department of Personalized and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Interdisciplinary Medicine, 107113 Moscow, Russia
- Department for Nervous Diseases, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey B Danilov
- Department of Personalized and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Interdisciplinary Medicine, 107113 Moscow, Russia
- Department for Nervous Diseases, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Paul Clayton
- Department of Personalized and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Interdisciplinary Medicine, 107113 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey A Moskalev
- Russian Research Clinical Center of Gerontology of the Russian National Research Medical University Named after N.I. Pirogov, 129226 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander V Karasev
- Department of Personalized and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Interdisciplinary Medicine, 107113 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey F Tarasevich
- Department of Personalized and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Interdisciplinary Medicine, 107113 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulia D Vorobyeva
- Department for Nervous Diseases, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Viacheslav N Novikov
- Department for Nervous Diseases, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Talukdar T, Zwilling CE, Barbey AK. Integrating Nutrient Biomarkers, Cognitive Function, and Structural MRI Data to Build Multivariate Phenotypes of Healthy Aging. J Nutr 2023; 153:1338-1346. [PMID: 36965693 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research in the emerging field of Nutritional Cognitive Neuroscience demonstrates that many aspects of nutrition - from entire diets to specific nutrients - affect cognitive performance and brain health. OBJECTIVE While prior research has primarily examined the bivariate relationship between nutrition and cognition, or nutrition and brain health, the present study sought to investigate the joint relationship between these essential and interactive elements of human health. METHODS We applied a state-of-the-art data fusion method, Coupled Matrix Tensor Factorization, to characterize the joint association between measures of nutrition (52 nutrient biomarkers), cognition (Wechsler Abbreviated Test of Intelligence and Wechsler Memory Scale), and brain health (high-resolution Magnetic Resonance Imaging measures of structural brain volume) within a cross-sectional sample of 111 healthy older adults that had an average age of 69.1 years, were 62% female and had an average Body Mass Index of 26.0. RESULTS Data fusion uncovered 3 latent factors that capture the joint association between specific nutrient profiles, cognitive measures, and cortical volumes, demonstrating the respects in which these health domains are coupled. Hierarchical cluster analysis further revealed systematic differences between the observed latent factors, providing evidence for multivariate phenotypes that represent high versus low levels of performance across multiple health domains. The primary features that distinguish between each phenotype were: (i) nutrient biomarkers for monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids; (ii) cognitive measures of immediate, auditory, and delayed memory; and (iii) brain volumes within frontal, temporal, and parietal cortex. CONCLUSIONS By incorporating innovations in nutritional epidemiology (nutrient biomarker analysis), cognitive neuroscience (high-resolution structural brain imaging), and statistics (data fusion), the present study provides an interdisciplinary synthesis of methods that elucidate how nutrition, cognition, and brain health are integrated through lifestyle choices that affect healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanveer Talukdar
- Decision Neuroscience Laboratory, Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL. USA
| | - Christopher E Zwilling
- Decision Neuroscience Laboratory, Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL. USA
| | - Aron K Barbey
- Decision Neuroscience Laboratory, Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL. USA; Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL. USA; Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL. USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL. USA; Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL. USA; Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL. USA.
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Arnoldy L, Gauci S, Young LM, Marx W, Macpherson H, Pipingas A, Civier O, White DJ. The association of dietary and nutrient patterns on neurocognitive decline: A systematic review of MRI and PET studies. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 87:101892. [PMID: 36878405 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the global population ages, there has been a growing incidence of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's. More recently, studies exploring the relationship between dietary patterns and neuroimaging outcomes have received particular attention. This systematic literature review provides a structured overview of the association between dietary and nutrient patterns on neuroimaging outcomes and cognitive markers in middle-aged to older adults. A comprehensive literature search was conducted to find relevant articles published from 1999 to date using the following databases Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. The inclusion criteria for the articles comprised studies reporting on the association between dietary patterns and neuroimaging outcomes, which includes both specific pathological hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases such as Aβ and tau and nonspecific markers such as structural MRI and glucose metabolism. The risk of bias was evaluated using the Quality Assessment tool from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health. The results were then organized into a summary of results table, collated based on synthesis without meta-analysis. After conducting the search, 6050 records were extracted and screened for eligibility, with 107 eligible for full-text screening and 42 articles ultimately being included in this review. The results of the systematic review indicate that there is some evidence suggesting that healthy dietary and nutrient patterns were associated with neuroimaging measures, indicative of a protective influence on neurodegeneration and brain ageing. Conversely, unhealthy dietary and nutrient patterns showed evidence pointing to decreased brain volumes, poorer cognition and increased Aβ deposition. Future research should focus on sensitive neuroimaging acquisition and analysis methods, to study early neurodegenerative changes and identify critical periods for interventions and prevention. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration no, CRD42020194444).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizanne Arnoldy
- Centre of Human Psychopharmacology, Centre for Mental Health and Brain Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne Australia.
| | - Sarah Gauci
- Centre of Human Psychopharmacology, Centre for Mental Health and Brain Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne Australia; IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Lauren M Young
- Centre of Human Psychopharmacology, Centre for Mental Health and Brain Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne Australia; IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Wolfgang Marx
- IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Helen Macpherson
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew Pipingas
- Centre of Human Psychopharmacology, Centre for Mental Health and Brain Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne Australia
| | - Oren Civier
- Swinburne Neuroimaging, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David J White
- Centre of Human Psychopharmacology, Centre for Mental Health and Brain Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne Australia; Swinburne Neuroimaging, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia
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11
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Holthaus TA, Kashi M, Cannavale CN, Edwards CG, Aguiñaga S, Walk ADM, Burd NA, Holscher HD, Khan NA. MIND Dietary Pattern Adherence Is Selectively Associated with Cognitive Processing Speed in Middle-Aged Adults. J Nutr 2023; 152:2941-2949. [PMID: 36055774 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxac203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most previous work has focused on a single-nutrient, bottom-up approach when examining the influence of diet on neurocognition. Thus, the impact of dietary patterns on cognitive health is underinvestigated. OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate the relation between different diet indices [i.e., Mediterranean, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015), and Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND)] and attentional inhibition and neuroelectric function. METHODS We undertook a cross-sectional analysis of adults aged 34.1 ± 6.0 y (n = 207, 116 females) with a BMI of 18.5 to >40 kg/m2 who completed the Dietary History Questionnaire II (DHQII) FFQ (Past Month and Year with Serving Sizes) to assess adherence to different diet quality indices. Attentional inhibition was assessed using a modified Eriksen flanker task during which event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded. The amplitude and latency of the P3/P300 ERP were used to index attentional resource allocation and information processing speed, respectively. RESULTS P3 peak latency was inversely associated with greater adherence to the MIND dietary pattern during incongruent flanker trials (∆R2 = 0.02, β = -0.14, P = 0.043) but not during congruent trials. Adherence to the Mediterranean, DASH, and HEI-2015 patterns was not associated with P3 latency (P > 0.05). No associations were observed between the diet indices and attentional inhibition at the behavioral level (i.e., accuracy or reaction time) or P3 amplitude (all P values >0.05). CONCLUSIONS Greater adherence to the MIND diet was selectively associated with faster information processing speed in middle-aged adults with healthy to obese BMI. Further, the influence of the MIND diet for faster information processing speed might be particularly beneficial when cognitive control demands are increased. Future intervention trials testing the effects of consuming a MIND diet on cognitive function are warranted to help inform dietary recommendations for healthy cognitive aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tori A Holthaus
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Monica Kashi
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | | | - Caitlyn G Edwards
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Susan Aguiñaga
- Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Anne D M Walk
- Department of Psychology, Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, IL, USA
| | - Nicholas A Burd
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.,Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Hannah D Holscher
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.,Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.,Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Naiman A Khan
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.,Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.,Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.,Beckman Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, IL, USA
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12
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Shirai A, Wadazumi T. Effect of Paprika Xanthophyll Supplementation on Cognitive Improvement in a Multitasking Exercise: A Pilot Study for Middle-Aged and Older Adults. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10010081. [PMID: 35052245 PMCID: PMC8775015 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10010081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ingestion of paprika xanthophyll supplement (PX), which has antioxidant effects, has been recently reported to maintain red blood cell deformability and improve oxygen delivery efficiency. Therefore, we hypothesized that the brain activation induced by multitasking exercise in middle-aged and older participants along with the improved erythrocyte oxygen-carrying efficiency induced by PX supplementation would show a synergistic effect, increasing oxygen supply to the brain and improving cognitive function more effectively. In study 1, cerebral blood flow measurements were conducted during the multitasking exercise and cognitive function tests to verify their effect on cognitive function. The results confirmed that cerebral blood flow increased during the exercise and cognitive function improved after the exercise. In study 2, we compared the effects of the multitasking exercise on cognitive function before and after PX supplementation in middle-aged and older participants to evaluate the effects of PX supplementation. The results suggested that PX supplementation enhanced the effects of active multitasking exercise on cognitive function. We speculate that the improvement of oxygen transport efficiency by PX resulted in more effective oxygen supply, allowing the multitasking exercise to occur more effectively, which was reflected as an improvement in the cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asako Shirai
- Department of Sport Education, Osaka University of Health and Sport Sciences, 1-1 Asashirodai, Kumatori, Sennan District, Sennan-gun 590-0496, Osaka, Japan
- Faculty of Health and Well-Being, Kansai University, 1-11-1 Kaorigaoka-cho, Sakai-ku, Sakai 590-8515, Osaka, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-72-479-5041
| | - Tsuyoshi Wadazumi
- Faculty of Health and Well-Being, Kansai University, 1-11-1 Kaorigaoka-cho, Sakai-ku, Sakai 590-8515, Osaka, Japan;
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13
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Crawford C, Boyd C, Brown L, Costello R, Cordell J, Frushour K, Junker C, Khan I, Ross J, Deuster PA. Prioritized research recommendations and potential solutions: addressing gaps surrounding dietary supplement ingredients for boosting brain health and optimizing cognitive performance. Nutr Res 2021; 96:9-19. [PMID: 34890857 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2021.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In the market of dietary supplements, a low level of certainty exists in the state of the science, coupled with not always knowing what is in the product. Together these issues make weighing benefits/risks difficult and hinder the ability to guide evidence-based practice decisions. The authors sought to identify priorities and develop potential solutions to address research gaps so that information disseminated, can ultimately, be relied upon, when trying to make appropriate and safe decisions. Using a modified-Delphi process, 8 panelists reviewed evidence, provided from systematic review, on dietary supplement ingredients for brain health, and prioritized gaps identified and offered potential solutions. Research gaps specific to dietary supplements research included the need for quality testing of products, the question of bioavailability and absorption of ingredients, and optimal composition and standardization of supplements under investigation. Other gaps related to populations studied; a general sense of bias towards focusing research on diseased rather than maintaining or optimizing performance in healthy populations. Additionally, the lack of uniform cognitive performance measures and metrics used across research is a gap, as well as whether the metrics are accurate representations of or even generalizable to "real-life" participants wishing to optimize their performance. Methodological quality and ethical concerns in the conduct and reporting of science encompass all issues. If resources map to potential solutions outlined in this paper, then these proposed next steps offered will help facilitate meaningful research, move evidence into practice recommendations, and ultimately develop better decision-making tools for consumers to trust and rely upon for making safe supplement decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Crawford
- Consortium for Health and Military Performance, Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA.
| | - Courtney Boyd
- Consortium for Health and Military Performance, Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - LaVerne Brown
- Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Rebecca Costello
- Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | | | - Katie Frushour
- Special Warfare Human Performance Squadron, Kirtland AFB 87123, NM, USA
| | - Caesar Junker
- Department of Defense, Joint Artificial Intelligence Center, Bethesda 20817, MD, USA
| | - Ikhlas Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi 38677, MS, USA
| | - Jared Ross
- Consortium for Health and Military Performance, Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Patricia A Deuster
- Consortium for Health and Military Performance, Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
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14
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Tanprasertsuk J, Scott TM, Barbey AK, Barger K, Wang XD, Johnson MA, Poon LW, Vishwanathan R, Matthan NR, Lichtenstein AH, Ferland G, Johnson EJ. Carotenoid-Rich Brain Nutrient Pattern Is Positively Correlated With Higher Cognition and Lower Depression in the Oldest Old With No Dementia. Front Nutr 2021; 8:704691. [PMID: 34268331 PMCID: PMC8275828 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.704691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Healthy dietary patterns are related to better cognitive health in aging populations. While levels of individual nutrients in neural tissues are individually associated with cognitive function, the investigation of nutrient patterns in human brain tissue has not been conducted. Methods: Brain tissues were acquired from frontal and temporal cortices of 47 centenarians from the Georgia Centenarian Study. Fat-soluble nutrients (carotenoids, vitamins A, E, K, and fatty acids [FA]) were measured and averaged from the two brain regions. Nutrient patterns were constructed using principal component analysis. Cognitive composite scores were constructed from cognitive assessment from the time point closest to death. Dementia status was rated by Global Deterioration Scale (GDS). Pearson's correlation coefficients between NP scores and cognitive composite scores were calculated controlling for sex, education, hypertension, diabetes, and APOE ε4 allele. Result: Among non-demented subjects (GDS = 1-3, n = 23), a nutrient pattern higher in carotenoids was consistently associated with better performance on global cognition (r = 0.38, p = 0.070), memory (r = 0.38, p = 0.073), language (r = 0.42, p = 0.046), and lower depression (r = -0.40, p = 0.090). The findings were confirmed with univariate analysis. Conclusion: Both multivariate and univariate analyses demonstrate that brain nutrient pattern explained mainly by carotenoid concentrations is correlated with cognitive function among subjects who had no dementia. Investigation of their synergistic roles on the prevention of age-related cognitive impairment remains to be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jirayu Tanprasertsuk
- Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Tammy M. Scott
- Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Aron K. Barbey
- Department of Psychology, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Kathryn Barger
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Xiang-Dong Wang
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mary Ann Johnson
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Leonard W. Poon
- Institute of Gerontology, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Rohini Vishwanathan
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Nirupa R. Matthan
- Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Alice H. Lichtenstein
- Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Guylaine Ferland
- Département de Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Elizabeth J. Johnson
- Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
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15
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Vaziri A, Dus M. Brain on food: The neuroepigenetics of nutrition. Neurochem Int 2021; 149:105099. [PMID: 34133954 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Humans have known for millennia that nutrition has a profound influence on health and disease, but it is only recently that we have begun mapping the mechanisms via which the dietary environment impacts brain physiology and behavior. Here we review recent evidence on the effects of energy-dense and methionine diets on neural epigenetic marks, gene expression, and behavior in invertebrate and vertebrate model organisms. We also discuss limitations, open questions, and future directions in the emerging field of the neuroepigenetics of nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoumid Vaziri
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA; Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Monica Dus
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA; Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
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16
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Nutritional cognitive neuroscience of aging: Focus on carotenoids and cognitive frailty. Redox Biol 2021; 44:101996. [PMID: 34090844 PMCID: PMC8212151 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The term „nutritional cognitive neuroscience” was recently established to define a research field focusing on the impact of nutrition on cognition and brain health across the life span. In this overview, we summarize the robust evidence on the role of carotenoids as micronutrients with different biological properties in persons with cognitive (pre)frailty. As neurodegenerative processes during aging occur in a continuum from brain aging to dementia, we propose the name „nutritional cognitive neuroscience of aging“ to define research on the role of nutrition and micronutrients in cognitive frailty. Further studies are warranted which integrate carotenoid interventions in multidomain, personalized lifestyle strategies. Cognitive integrity is an essential element of healthy and active ageing. Oxidative distress is strongly linked to neurodegeneration. Consumption and levels of carotenoids are linked to cognitive frailty. There is conflict of evidence for intervention trials with carotenoids in dementia. Future studies with carotenoids should be within personalized and multidomain strategies.
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17
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Tortella GR, Seabra AB, Padrão J, Díaz-San Juan R. Mindfulness and Other Simple Neuroscience-Based Proposals to Promote the Learning Performance and Mental Health of Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Brain Sci 2021; 11:552. [PMID: 33925627 PMCID: PMC8145019 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11050552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative impact on education. The restrictions imposed have undoubtedly led to impairment of the psychological well-being of both teachers and students, and of the way they experience interpersonal relationships. As reported previously in the literature, adverse effects such as loneliness, anxiety, and stress have resulted in a decrease in the cognitive performance of school and higher education students. Therefore, the objective of this work is to present a general overview of the reported adverse effects of the COVID-19 pandemic which may potentially influence the learning performance of students. Some neuroscientific findings related to memory and cognition, such as neuroplasticity and long-term potentiation, are also shown. We also discuss the positive effects of the practice of mindfulness, as well as other simple recommendations based on neuroscientific findings such as restful sleep, physical activity, and nutrition, which can act on memory and cognition. Finally, we propose some practical recommendations on how to achieve more effective student learning in the context of the pandemic. The aim of this review is to provide some assistance in this changing and uncertain situation in which we all find ourselves, and we hope that some of the information could serve as a starting point for hypotheses to be tested in educational research and their association with neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo R. Tortella
- Center of Excellence (CIBAMA-BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- PhD Program in Natural Resource Sciences, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Amedea B. Seabra
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Av. dos Estados, 5001-Bangú, Santo André 09210-580, SP, Brazil;
| | - Jorge Padrão
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal;
| | - Rodrigo Díaz-San Juan
- Educational Neurosciences and Psychology Department, Centenario School, Temuco 4810936, Chile;
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18
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The effects of lutein and zeaxanthin on resting state functional connectivity in older Caucasian adults: a randomized controlled trial. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 14:668-681. [PMID: 30680611 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-018-00034-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The carotenoids lutein (L) and zeaxanthin (Z) accumulate in retinal regions of the eye and have long been shown to benefit visual health. A growing literature suggests cognitive benefits as well, particularly in older adults. The present randomized controlled trial sought to investigate the effects of L and Z on brain function using resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). It was hypothesized that L and Z supplementation would (1) improve intra-network integrity of default mode network (DMN) and (2) reduce inter-network connectivity between DMN and other resting state networks. 48 community-dwelling older adults (mean age = 72 years) were randomly assigned to receive a daily L (10 mg) and Z (2 mg) supplement or a placebo for 1 year. Resting state fMRI data were acquired at baseline and post-intervention. A dictionary learning and sparse coding computational framework, based on machine learning principles, was used to investigate intervention-related changes in functional connectivity. DMN integrity was evaluated by calculating spatial overlap rate with a well-established DMN template provided in the neuroscience literature. Inter-network connectivity was evaluated via time series correlations between DMN and nine other resting state networks. Contrary to expectation, results indicated that L and Z significantly increased rather than decreased inter-network connectivity (Cohen's d = 0.89). A significant intra-network effect on DMN integrity was not observed. Rather than restoring what has been described in the available literature as a "youth-like" pattern of intrinsic brain activity, L and Z may facilitate the aging brain's capacity for compensation by enhancing integration between networks that tend to be functionally segregated earlier in the lifespan.
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19
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Khodarahimi S, Rasti A, Rahmian Bougar M. The impact of demographics and nutritional status on cognitive functioning in an Iranian adults sample. PSYCHOLOGIE FRANCAISE 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.psfr.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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20
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Bassaganya-Riera J, Berry EM, Blaak EE, Burlingame B, le Coutre J, van Eden W, El-Sohemy A, German JB, Knorr D, Lacroix C, Muscaritoli M, Nieman DC, Rychlik M, Scholey A, Serafini M. Goals in Nutrition Science 2020-2025. Front Nutr 2021; 7:606378. [PMID: 33665201 PMCID: PMC7923694 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.606378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Five years ago, with the editorial board of Frontiers in Nutrition, we took a leap of faith to outline the Goals for Nutrition Science - the way we see it (1). Now, in 2020, we can put ourselves to the test and take a look back. Without a doubt we got it right with several of the key directions. To name a few, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for Food and Nutrition are part of the global public agenda, and the SDGs contribute to the structuring of international science and research. Nutritional Science has become a critical element in strengthening work on the SDGs, and the development of appropriate methodologies is built on the groundwork of acquiring and analyzing big datasets. Investigation of the Human Microbiome is providing novel insight on the interrelationship between nutrition, the immune system and disease. Finally, with an advanced definition of the gut-brain-axis we are getting a glimpse into the potential for Nutrition and Brain Health. Various milestones have been achieved, and any look into the future will have to consider the lessons learned from Covid-19 and the sobering awareness about the frailty of our food systems in ensuring global food security. With a view into the coming 5 years from 2020 to 2025, the editorial board has taken a slightly different approach as compared to the previous Goals article. A mind map has been created to outline the key topics in nutrition science. Not surprisingly, when looking ahead, the majority of scientific investigation required will be in the areas of health and sustainability. Johannes le Coutre, Field Chief Editor, Frontiers in Nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Bassaganya-Riera
- Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory (NIMML) Institute, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Elliot M Berry
- Braun School of Public Health, Hebrew University - Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ellen E Blaak
- Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | | | - Johannes le Coutre
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Willem van Eden
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ahmed El-Sohemy
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - J Bruce German
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Dietrich Knorr
- Institute of Food Technology and Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christophe Lacroix
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maurizio Muscaritoli
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - David C Nieman
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - Michael Rychlik
- Technical University of Munich, Analytical Food Chemistry, Freising, Germany
| | - Andrew Scholey
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mauro Serafini
- Functional Food and Metabolic Stress Prevention Laboratory, Faculty of Biosciences and Technologies for Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
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21
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The association of dietary patterns with cognition through the lens of neuroimaging-a Systematic review. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 63:101145. [PMID: 32818651 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Despite the reported benefits of diet on cognition in older adults, randomized controlled trials (RCT) testing the impact of dietary interventions on cognitive scores have yielded less promising results when cognition was assessed via neuropsychological tests. More recently, neuroimaging has been used to identify more subtle brain-related changes associated to cognition. Hence, employing a combination of neuroimaging techniques with neuropsychological tests could clarify this controversy. To determine the effect of diet on cognitive performance, we conducted a systematic review of PubMed and Scopus databases for all studies, on middle-aged and older adults, combining neuroimaging, neuropsychological tests, and data on dietary patterns. The inclusion criteria were met by 14 observational studies and no RCTs. The range of brain measures assessed varied from volumes to white matter integrity, functional connectivity, brain glucose metabolism and beta-amyloid deposition. Given the variability of methods used in assessing cognitive performance, diet and brain correlates, conducting a meta-analysis was not possible. Here the evidence suggests that, in observational studies, dietary patterns may be associated with brain correlates that have been shown to precede cognitive decline. As such, neuroimaging should be included in future RCTs to identify any benefits of diet on brain measures linked with cognitive health.
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22
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Ajibawo-Aganbi U, Saleem S, Khan SZA, Veliginti S, Perez Bastidas MV, Lungba RM, Cancarevic I. Can Nutritional Adequacy Help Evade Neurodegeneration in Older Age? A Review. Cureus 2020; 12:e10921. [PMID: 33062461 PMCID: PMC7556684 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.10921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an increase in susceptibility to chronic and debilitating diseases with aging. The reason for the underlying neuronal degeneration and normal aging of the brain remains elusive. Different research studies have been conducted to discover how the brain degenerates and the importance of vitamins' role in the neurocognitive decline. Comprehensive literature research was conducted using all relevant data available from PubMed and Google scholar for this article. There has been evidence linking the consumption of essential nutrients to preventing the disease conditions that result in cognitive decline. This article provides the latest scientific advances specific to how dietary nutrients and non-nutrient may affect cognitive aging. An adequate supply of nutrients like vitamin B2 (riboflavin), vitamin B12, vitamin E, essential fatty acid (omega-3 fatty acid), and flavonoids play a vital role in ensuring healthy aging, enhancing memory, and strengthening neuroprotection. These nutrients help in neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's. We recommend more research studies to determine the underlying mechanism of how these essential nutrients work in the prevention of cognitive decline. These studies will help provide the evidence needed for new dietary recommendations for combating these diseases that often affect aging patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uvie Ajibawo-Aganbi
- Health Sciences, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Sania Saleem
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Seyad Zulficar Ali Khan
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA.,Family Medicine, Ministry of Health Oman, Salalah, OMN
| | - Swathi Veliginti
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Maria V Perez Bastidas
- Pulmonary Research Department, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Rayan M Lungba
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Ivan Cancarevic
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
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23
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Self-Reported Diet Quality Differentiates Nutrient Intake, Blood Nutrient Status, Mood, and Cognition: Implications for Identifying Nutritional Neurocognitive Risk Factors in Middle Age. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12102964. [PMID: 32998296 PMCID: PMC7599651 DOI: 10.3390/nu12102964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence for diet quality representing a modifiable risk factor for age-related cognitive decline and mood disturbances has typically come from retrospective, cross-sectional analyses. Here a diet screening tool (DST) was used to categorize healthy middle-aged volunteers (n = 141, 40–65 years) into “optimal” or “sub-optimal” diet groups to investigate cross-sectional associations between diet quality, cognitive function, and mood. The DST distinguished levels of nutrient intake as assessed by Automated Self-Administered 24-h dietary recall and nutrient status, as assessed by blood biomarker measures. Compared with the “sub-optimal” group, the “optimal” diet group showed significantly higher intake of vitamin E (p = 0.007), magnesium (p = 0.001), zinc (p = 0.043) and fiber (p = 0.015), higher circulating levels of vitamin B6 (p = 0.030) and red blood cell folate (p = 0.026) and lower saturated fatty acids (p = 0.012). Regarding psychological outcomes, the “optimal” diet group had significantly better Stroop processing than those with a “sub-optimal” diet (p = 0.013). Regression analysis revealed that higher DST scores were associated with fewer mood disturbances (p = 0.002) and lower perceived stress (p = 0.031), although these differences were not significant when comparing “optimal” versus “sub-optimal” as discrete groups. This study demonstrates the potential of a 20-item diet screen to identify both nutritional and psychological status in an Australian setting.
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24
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Prinelli F, Jesuthasan N, Severgnini M, Musicco M, Adorni F, Correa Leite ML, Crespi C, Bernini S. Exploring the relationship between Nutrition, gUT microbiota, and BRain AgINg in community-dwelling seniors: the Italian NutBrain population-based cohort study protocol. BMC Geriatr 2020; 20:253. [PMID: 32703186 PMCID: PMC7376643 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-020-01652-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiological evidence suggests that healthy diet is associated with a slowdown of cognitive decline leading to dementia, but the underlying mechanisms are still partially unexplored. Diet is the main determinant of gut microbiota composition, which in turn impacts on brain structures and functions, however to date no studies on this topic are available. The goal of the present paper is to describe the design and methodology of the NutBrain Study aimed at investigating the association of dietary habits with cognitive function and their role in modulating the gut microbiota composition, and brain measures as well. Methods/design This is a population-based cohort study of community-dwelling adults aged 65 years or more living in Northern Milan, Italy. At the point of presentation people are screened for cognitive functions. Socio-demographic characteristics along with lifestyles and dietary habits, medical history, drugs, functional status, and anthropometric measurements are also recorded. Individuals suspected to have cognitive impairment at the screening phase undergo a clinical evaluation including a neurological examination and a Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scanning (both structural and functional). Stool and blood samples for the gut microbiota analysis and for the evaluation of putative biological markers are also collected. For each subject with a confirmed diagnosis of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), two cognitively intact controls of the same sex and age are visited. We intend to enrol at least 683 individuals for the screening phase and 240 persons for the clinical assessment. Discussion The NutBrain is an innovative study that incorporates modern and advanced technologies (i.e. microbiome and neuroimaging) into traditional epidemiologic design. The study represents a unique opportunity to address key questions about the role of modifiable risk factors on cognitive impairment, with a particular focus on dietary habits and their association with gut microbiota and markers of the brain-aging process. These findings will help to encourage and plan lifestyle interventions, for both prevention and treatment, aiming at promoting healthy cognitive ageing. Trial registration Trial registration number NCT04461951, date of registration July 7, 2020 (retrospectively registered, ClinicalTrials.gov).
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Prinelli
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies-National Research Council, Via Fratelli Cervi, 93 20090, Segrate, MI, Italy. .,IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Neuropsychology/Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Unit, Via Mondino 2, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Nithiya Jesuthasan
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies-National Research Council, Via Fratelli Cervi, 93 20090, Segrate, MI, Italy
| | - Marco Severgnini
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies-National Research Council, Via Fratelli Cervi, 93 20090, Segrate, MI, Italy
| | - Massimo Musicco
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies-National Research Council, Via Fratelli Cervi, 93 20090, Segrate, MI, Italy
| | - Fulvio Adorni
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies-National Research Council, Via Fratelli Cervi, 93 20090, Segrate, MI, Italy
| | - Maria Lea Correa Leite
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies-National Research Council, Via Fratelli Cervi, 93 20090, Segrate, MI, Italy
| | - Chiara Crespi
- Scuola Universitaria Superiore IUSS Pavia, Nets Center, Piazza della Vittoria, 15 -, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Sara Bernini
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Neuropsychology/Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Unit, Via Mondino 2, 27100, Pavia, Italy
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Fingelkurts AA, Fingelkurts AA, Neves CFH. Neuro-assessment of leadership training. COACHING: AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THEORY, RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/17521882.2019.1619796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carlos F. H. Neves
- BM-Science – Brain and Mind Technologies Research Centre, Espoo, Finland
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26
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Energy Restriction Enhances Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis-Associated Memory after Four Weeks in an Adult Human Population with Central Obesity; a Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030638. [PMID: 32121111 PMCID: PMC7146388 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis, the generation of new neurons throughout life, occurs in the subventricular zone of the dentate gyrus in the human hippocampal formation. It has been shown in rodents that adult hippocampal neurogenesis is needed for pattern separation, the ability to differentially encode small changes derived from similar inputs, and recognition memory, as well as the ability to recognize previously encountered stimuli. Improved hippocampus-dependent cognition and cellular readouts of adult hippocampal neurogenesis have been reported in daily energy restricted and intermittent fasting adult mice. Evidence that nutrition can significantly affect brain structure and function is increasing substantially. This randomized intervention study investigated the effects of intermittent and continuous energy restriction on human hippocampal neurogenesis-related cognition, which has not been reported previously. Pattern separation and recognition memory were measured in 43 individuals with central obesity aged 35-75 years, before and after a four-week dietary intervention using the mnemonic similarity task. Both groups significantly improved pattern separation (P = 0.0005), but only the intermittent energy restriction group had a significant deterioration in recognition memory. There were no significant differences in cognitive improvement between the two diets. This is the first human study to investigate the association between energy restriction with neurogenesis-associated cognitive function. Energy restriction may enhance hippocampus-dependent memory and could benefit those in an ageing population with declining cognition. This study was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02679989) on 11 February 2016.
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27
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Specific nutrient patterns are associated with higher structural brain integrity in dementia-free older adults. Neuroimage 2019; 199:281-288. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.05.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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28
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Zabetian-Targhi F, Srikanth VK, Smith KJ, Oddy WH, Beare R, Moran C, Wang W, Callisaya ML. Dietary Patterns Are Not Associated with Brain Atrophy or Cerebral Small Vessel Disease in Older Adults with and without Type 2 Diabetes. J Nutr 2019; 149:1805-1811. [PMID: 31254348 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxz139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unhealthy dietary patterns (DPs) are associated with poorer cognition, but few studies have investigated the underlying brain structural mechanisms. OBJECTIVE We aimed to examine the relations between DPs, brain structure, and cognition in older people with and without type 2 diabetes. METHODS This cross-sectional study consisted of a sample of people with (n = 343) and without type 2 diabetes (n = 346) aged 55-90 y. The 80-item Cancer Council of Victoria FFQ was used to assess dietary intake. Two DPs (prudent and traditional) for people with type 2 diabetes and 3 DPs (prudent, traditional, and Western) for those without type 2 diabetes were derived using principal component analysis. Neuropsychological tests assessed 6 cognitive domains. Brain MRI was performed to obtain gray, white matter, and hippocampal volumes and markers of small vessel disease (microbleeds, infarcts, and white matter hyperintensities). Multivariable linear regression was used to assess the cross-sectional associations between DPs, brain MRI, and cognitive variables. RESULTS For those without type 2 diabetes, higher adherence to the Western DP was associated with lower gray matter volume (β = -3.03 95% CI: -5.67, -0.38; P = 0.03). The addition of a cardiovascular risk score, mood, and physical activity weakened associations such that they were no longer significant (β = -1.97 (95% CI: -4.68, 0.74) P = 0.15) for the Western DP. There were no significant associations for the other DPs in people with and without type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS In this cross-sectional study, DPs were not independently associated with brain structure in people with or without type 2 diabetes. Future prospective studies are needed to clarify the role of vascular risk factors on associations between DPs and brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fateme Zabetian-Targhi
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Velandai K Srikanth
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Peninsula Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kylie J Smith
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Wendy H Oddy
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Richard Beare
- Department of Medicine, Peninsula Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Developmental Imaging, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chris Moran
- Department of Medicine, Peninsula Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Aged Care, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Medicine, Peninsula Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michele L Callisaya
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.,Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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29
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Young LM, Pipingas A, White DJ, Gauci S, Scholey A. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of B Vitamin Supplementation on Depressive Symptoms, Anxiety, and Stress: Effects on Healthy and 'At-Risk' Individuals. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11092232. [PMID: 31527485 PMCID: PMC6770181 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A systematic review and meta-analysis was undertaken to examine and quantify the effects of B vitamin supplementation on mood in both healthy and 'at-risk' populations. A systematic search identified all available randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of daily supplementation with ≥3 B group vitamins with an intervention period of at least four weeks. Random effects models for a standardized mean difference were used to test for overall effect. Heterogeneity was tested using the I2 statistic. Eighteen articles (16 trials, 2015 participants) were included, of which 12 were eligible for meta-analysis. Eleven of the 18 articles reported a positive effect for B vitamins over a placebo for overall mood or a facet of mood. Of the eight studies in 'at-risk' cohorts, five found a significant benefit to mood. Regarding individual facets of mood, B vitamin supplementation benefited stress (n = 958, SMD = 0.23, 95% CI = 0.02, 0.45, p = 0.03). A benefit to depressive symptoms did not reach significance (n = 568, SMD = 0.15, 95% CI = -0.01, 0.32, p = 0.07), and there was no effect on anxiety (n = 562, SMD = 0.03, 95% CI = -0.13, 0.20, p = 0.71). The review provides evidence for the benefit of B vitamin supplementation in healthy and at-risk populations for stress, but not for depressive symptoms or anxiety. B vitamin supplementation may particularly benefit populations who are at risk due to (1) poor nutrient status or (2) poor mood status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Young
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia.
| | - Andrew Pipingas
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia.
| | - David J White
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia.
| | - Sarah Gauci
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia.
| | - Andrew Scholey
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia.
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30
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Diet in Brain Health and Neurological Disorders: Risk Factors and Treatments. Brain Sci 2019; 9:brainsci9090234. [PMID: 31540210 PMCID: PMC6770085 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci9090234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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31
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Key MN, Zwilling CE, Talukdar T, Barbey AK. Essential Amino Acids, Vitamins, and Minerals Moderate the Relationship between the Right Frontal Pole and Measures of Memory. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1801048. [PMID: 31245921 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201801048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Nutrition has increasingly been recognized for its ability to help prevent and protect against disease, inspiring new programs of research that translate findings from nutritional science into innovative assessment tools, technologies, and therapies to advance the practice of modern medicine. A central aim in this effort is to discover specific dietary patterns that promote healthy brain aging and moderate the engagement of neural systems known to facilitate cognitive performance in later life. METHODS AND RESULTS The present study therefore investigates estimates of nutrient intake derived from food frequency questionnaires, structural measures of brain volume via high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging, and standardized neuropsychological measures of memory performance in nondemented elders (n = 111) using a moderation analysis. The results reveal that the essential amino acids, vitamins, and minerals nutrient pattern moderates the positive relationship between the volume of the right frontal pole and measures of both delayed and auditory memory. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that a nutrient pattern including macro- and micronutrients moderate the effect of brain structure on cognitive function in old age and support the efficacy of interdisciplinary methods in nutritional cognitive neuroscience for the study of healthy brain aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickeal N Key
- Decision Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Christopher E Zwilling
- Decision Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Tanveer Talukdar
- Decision Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Aron K Barbey
- Decision Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Center for Brain Plasticity, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL, 61820, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
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32
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Edwards CG, Walk AM, Cannavale CN, Flemming IR, Thompson SV, Reeser GR, Holscher HD, Khan NA. Dietary choline is related to neural efficiency during a selective attention task among middle-aged adults with overweight and obesity. Nutr Neurosci 2019; 24:269-278. [PMID: 31156061 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2019.1623456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Obesity is associated with poorer brain health and cognitive function. However, it is not clear whether specific dietary factors may provide neuroprotective effects among individuals with overweight and obesity. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of choline intake on neurophysiological markers of attentional control among young and middle-aged adults with overweight or obesity.Methods: 146 adults with BMI ≥25 kg/m2 (34.0 ± 5.9 years, 57 males) participated in the study. Behavioral performance (accuracy and reaction time) and neuroelectric indices (event-related brain potentials [ERPs]) of attentional inhibition were assessed during a Flanker task. Specifically, the amplitude and latency of the P3 waveform in a central-parietal region of interest (ROI) were used to index attentional resource allocation and information processing speed, respectively. Choline intake and overall diet quality (Healthy Eating Index [HEI-2015]) were assessed using 7-day diet records. Intelligence Quotient was assessed using the Kaufman-Brief Intelligence Test. Regression analyses were conducted to examine the relationship between habitual dietary choline intake and cognitive outcomes following adjustment of demographic factors, IQ, HEI-2015, and BMI.Results: Choline intake was selectively associated with a lower peak amplitude of the P300 waveform during incongruent trials (β = -0.25, p = <0.01). No significant relationships were observed for accuracy or reaction time.Discussion: Higher choline intake is associated with more efficient neural processing among adults with overweight and obesity. Intervention are necessary to determine whether choline consumption provides neuroprotective effects for executive function among individuals with elevated weight status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlyn G Edwards
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Anne M Walk
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | | | - Isabel R Flemming
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Sharon V Thompson
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Ginger R Reeser
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Hannah D Holscher
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.,Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.,Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Naiman A Khan
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.,Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.,Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
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33
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Associations of Lipophilic Micronutrients with Physical and Cognitive Fitness in Persons with Mild Cognitive Impairment. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11040902. [PMID: 31013604 PMCID: PMC6520910 DOI: 10.3390/nu11040902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-associated cognitive impairment in general and dementia in particular are a global concern. Preventive lifestyle strategies are highly used but there is a lack of information on the reciprocal relationships between nutrition biomarkers and measures of both cognitive and physical performance. To fill this gap of knowledge, the relationship between plasma levels of the robust nutrition- and antioxidant defense-related biomarkers carotenoid and tocopherols and both indicators of cognitive and physical performance was investigated in a group of persons with mild cognitive impairment participating in the NeuroExercise Study at the German Sport University in Cologne, Germany. In 56 participants with full dataset, significant correlations independently of fruit and vegetable intake were found between plasma levels of β-cryptoxanthin and Timed Up&Go test (p < 0.05), γ-tocopherol and number of daily steps (p < 0.01), as well as between four out of six measured carotenoids—lutein; zeaxanthin; β-cryptoxanthin and β-carotene—and the computerized CogState International Shopping List subtest (p < 0.01). In light of the increasing attention towards the nutritional cognitive neuroscience of carotenoids, computerized measures of cognitive performance might be further implemented in future studies investigating the effects of lifestyle interventions against cognitive and physical impairment.
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Zwilling CE, Talukdar T, Zamroziewicz MK, Barbey AK. Nutrient biomarker patterns, cognitive function, and fMRI measures of network efficiency in the aging brain. Neuroimage 2019; 188:239-251. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Croll PH, Voortman T, Vernooij MW, Baatenburg de Jong RJ, Lin FR, Rivadeneira F, Ikram MA, Goedegebure A. The association between obesity, diet quality and hearing loss in older adults. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:48-62. [PMID: 30609412 PMCID: PMC6339793 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the aging population, the prevalence of age-related hearing loss will increase substantially. Prevention requires more knowledge on modifiable risk factors. Obesity and diet quality have been suggested to play a role in the etiology of age-related hearing loss. We aimed to investigate independent associations of body composition and diet quality with age-related hearing loss. METHODS We performed cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses (follow-up: 4.4 years) in the population-based Rotterdam Study. At baseline (2006-2014), 2,906 participants underwent assessment of body composition, diet, and hearing. Of these 2,906 participants, 636 had hearing assessment at follow-up (2014-2016). Association of body composition and of diet quality with hearing loss were examined using multivariable linear regression models. RESULTS Cross-sectionally, higher body mass index and fat mass index were associated with increased hearing thresholds. These associations did not remain statistically significant at follow-up. We found no associations between overall diet quality and hearing thresholds. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that a higher body mass index, and in particular a higher fat mass index, is related to age-related hearing loss. However, whether maintaining a healthy body composition may actually reduce the effects of age-related hearing loss in the aging population requires further longitudinal population-based research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline H. Croll
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Trudy Voortman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Meike W. Vernooij
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Robert J. Baatenburg de Jong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Frank R. Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery and Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine and Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M. Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - André Goedegebure
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Talukdar T, Zamroziewicz MK, Zwilling CE, Barbey AK. Nutrient biomarkers shape individual differences in functional brain connectivity: Evidence from omega-3 PUFAs. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 40:1887-1897. [PMID: 30556225 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A wealth of neuroscience evidence demonstrates that diet and nutrition play an important role in structural brain plasticity, promoting the development of gray matter volume and maintenance of white matter integrity across the lifespan. However, the role of nutrition in shaping individual differences in the functional brain connectome remains to be well established. We therefore investigated whether nutrient biomarkers known to have beneficial effects on brain structure (i.e., the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids; ω-3 PUFAs), explain individual differences in functional brain connectivity within healthy older adults (N = 96). Our findings demonstrate that ω-3 PUFAs are associated with individual differences in functional connectivity within regions that support executive function (prefrontal cortex), memory (hippocampus), and emotion (amygdala), and provide key evidence that the influence of these regions on global network connectivity reliably predict general, fluid, and crystallized intelligence. The observed findings not only elucidate the role of ω-3 PUFAs in functional brain plasticity and intelligence, but also motivate future studies to examine their impact on psychological health, aging, and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanveer Talukdar
- Decision Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois.,Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois.,Center for Brain Plasticity, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Marta K Zamroziewicz
- Decision Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois.,Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois.,Center for Brain Plasticity, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois.,Medical Scholars Program, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Christopher E Zwilling
- Decision Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois.,Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois.,Center for Brain Plasticity, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Aron K Barbey
- Decision Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois.,Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois.,Center for Brain Plasticity, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois.,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Champaign, Illinois.,Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois, Champaign, Illinois.,Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Champaign, Illinois.,Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois, Champaign, Illinois
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37
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Yuan C, Fondell E, Bhushan A, Ascherio A, Okereke OI, Grodstein F, Willett WC. Long-term intake of vegetables and fruits and subjective cognitive function in US men. Neurology 2018; 92:e63-e75. [PMID: 30464030 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000006684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the prospective association of long-term intake of vegetables and fruits with late-life subjective cognitive function (SCF). METHODS Among 27,842 men with a mean age of 51 years in 1986, we used multinomial logistic regression to examine the relation of vegetable and fruit consumption to future SCF. Average dietary intake was calculated from 5 repeated food frequency questionnaires collected every 4 years until 2002. SCF score was assessed twice (2008 and 2012) using a 6-item questionnaire; validity was supported by strong associations with APO ε4 genotype. We categorized the average of the 2 scores as good, moderate, and poor SCF. RESULTS Higher intakes of total vegetables, total fruits, and fruit juice were each significantly associated with lower odds of moderate or poor SCF after controlling for major nondietary factors and total energy intake. The association with total fruit intake was weaker after further adjusting for major dietary factors. In this model, the multivariate odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for vegetable intake (top vs bottom quintile) were 0.83 (0.76-0.92), p trend <0.001 for moderate SCF and 0.66 (0.55-0.80), p trend <0.001 for poor SCF. For orange juice, compared to <1 serving/mo of intake, daily consumption was associated with a substantially lower odds of poor SCF (0.53 [0.43-0.67], p trend <0.001). Higher consumption of vegetables and fruits 18 to 22 years before SCF assessment was associated with lower odds of poor SCF independent of more proximal intake. CONCLUSION Our findings support a long-term beneficial role of vegetable, fruit, and orange juice consumption on SCF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changzheng Yuan
- From the Departments of Nutrition (C.Y., E.F., A.A., W.C.W.) and Epidemiology (A.A., O.I.O., F.G., W.C.W.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston; Channing Division of Network Medicine (C.Y., E.F., A.A., O.I.O., F.G., W.C.W.) and Department of Psychiatry (O.I.O.), Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; and Harvard Medical School (A.B.), Boston, MA.
| | - Elinor Fondell
- From the Departments of Nutrition (C.Y., E.F., A.A., W.C.W.) and Epidemiology (A.A., O.I.O., F.G., W.C.W.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston; Channing Division of Network Medicine (C.Y., E.F., A.A., O.I.O., F.G., W.C.W.) and Department of Psychiatry (O.I.O.), Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; and Harvard Medical School (A.B.), Boston, MA
| | - Ambika Bhushan
- From the Departments of Nutrition (C.Y., E.F., A.A., W.C.W.) and Epidemiology (A.A., O.I.O., F.G., W.C.W.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston; Channing Division of Network Medicine (C.Y., E.F., A.A., O.I.O., F.G., W.C.W.) and Department of Psychiatry (O.I.O.), Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; and Harvard Medical School (A.B.), Boston, MA
| | - Alberto Ascherio
- From the Departments of Nutrition (C.Y., E.F., A.A., W.C.W.) and Epidemiology (A.A., O.I.O., F.G., W.C.W.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston; Channing Division of Network Medicine (C.Y., E.F., A.A., O.I.O., F.G., W.C.W.) and Department of Psychiatry (O.I.O.), Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; and Harvard Medical School (A.B.), Boston, MA
| | - Olivia I Okereke
- From the Departments of Nutrition (C.Y., E.F., A.A., W.C.W.) and Epidemiology (A.A., O.I.O., F.G., W.C.W.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston; Channing Division of Network Medicine (C.Y., E.F., A.A., O.I.O., F.G., W.C.W.) and Department of Psychiatry (O.I.O.), Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; and Harvard Medical School (A.B.), Boston, MA
| | - Francine Grodstein
- From the Departments of Nutrition (C.Y., E.F., A.A., W.C.W.) and Epidemiology (A.A., O.I.O., F.G., W.C.W.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston; Channing Division of Network Medicine (C.Y., E.F., A.A., O.I.O., F.G., W.C.W.) and Department of Psychiatry (O.I.O.), Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; and Harvard Medical School (A.B.), Boston, MA
| | - Walter C Willett
- From the Departments of Nutrition (C.Y., E.F., A.A., W.C.W.) and Epidemiology (A.A., O.I.O., F.G., W.C.W.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston; Channing Division of Network Medicine (C.Y., E.F., A.A., O.I.O., F.G., W.C.W.) and Department of Psychiatry (O.I.O.), Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; and Harvard Medical School (A.B.), Boston, MA
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Abstract
Diet has been investigated in relation to its ability to promote cognitive function. However, evidence is currently limited and has rarely been systematically reviewed, particularly in a mild cognitive impairment (MCI) population. This review examined the effect of diet on cognitive outcomes in MCI patients. A total of five databases were searched to find randomised controlled trial (RCT) studies, with diet as the main focus, in MCI participants. The primary outcome was incident dementia and/or Alzheimer's disease (AD) and secondary outcomes included cognitive function across different domains using validated neuropsychological tests. Sixteen studies met the inclusion criteria. There was a high degree of heterogeneity relating to the nature of the dietary intervention and cognitive outcomes measured, thus making study comparisons difficult. Supplementation with vitamin E (one study, n 516), ginkgo biloba (one study, n 482) or Fortasyn Connect (one study, n 311) had no significant effect on progression from MCI to dementia and/or AD. For cognitive function, the findings showed some improvements in performance, particularly in memory, with the most consistent results shown by B vitamins, including folic acid (one study, n 266), folic acid alone (one study, n 180), DHA and EPA (two studies, n 36 and n 86), DHA (one study, n 240) and flavonol supplementation (one study, n 90). The findings indicate that dietary factors may have a potential benefit for cognitive function in MCI patients. Further well-designed trials are needed, with standardised and robust measures of cognition to investigate the influence of diet on cognitive status.
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Croll PH, Voortman T, Ikram MA, Franco OH, Schoufour JD, Bos D, Vernooij MW. Better diet quality relates to larger brain tissue volumes: The Rotterdam Study. Neurology 2018; 90:e2166-e2173. [PMID: 29769374 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000005691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relation of diet quality with structural brain tissue volumes and focal vascular lesions in a dementia-free population. METHODS From the population-based Rotterdam Study, 4,447 participants underwent dietary assessment and brain MRI scanning between 2005 and 2015. We excluded participants with an implausible energy intake, prevalent dementia, or cortical infarcts, leaving 4,213 participants for the current analysis. A diet quality score (0-14) was calculated reflecting adherence to Dutch dietary guidelines. Brain MRI was performed to obtain information on brain tissue volumes, white matter lesion volume, lacunes, and cerebral microbleeds. The associations of diet quality score and separate food groups with brain structures were assessed using multivariable linear and logistic regression. RESULTS We found that better diet quality related to larger brain volume, gray matter volume, white matter volume, and hippocampal volume. Diet quality was not associated with white matter lesion volume, lacunes, or microbleeds. High intake of vegetables, fruit, whole grains, nuts, dairy, and fish and low intake of sugar-containing beverages were associated with larger brain volumes. CONCLUSIONS A better diet quality is associated with larger brain tissue volumes. These results suggest that the effect of nutrition on neurodegeneration may act via brain structure. More research, in particular longitudinal research, is needed to unravel direct vs indirect effects between diet quality and brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline H Croll
- From the Departments of Epidemiology (P.H.C., T.V., M.A.I., O.H.F., J.D.S., D.B., M.W.V.) and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (P.H.C., D.B., M.W.V.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Trudy Voortman
- From the Departments of Epidemiology (P.H.C., T.V., M.A.I., O.H.F., J.D.S., D.B., M.W.V.) and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (P.H.C., D.B., M.W.V.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- From the Departments of Epidemiology (P.H.C., T.V., M.A.I., O.H.F., J.D.S., D.B., M.W.V.) and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (P.H.C., D.B., M.W.V.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Oscar H Franco
- From the Departments of Epidemiology (P.H.C., T.V., M.A.I., O.H.F., J.D.S., D.B., M.W.V.) and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (P.H.C., D.B., M.W.V.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Josje D Schoufour
- From the Departments of Epidemiology (P.H.C., T.V., M.A.I., O.H.F., J.D.S., D.B., M.W.V.) and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (P.H.C., D.B., M.W.V.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Daniel Bos
- From the Departments of Epidemiology (P.H.C., T.V., M.A.I., O.H.F., J.D.S., D.B., M.W.V.) and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (P.H.C., D.B., M.W.V.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Meike W Vernooij
- From the Departments of Epidemiology (P.H.C., T.V., M.A.I., O.H.F., J.D.S., D.B., M.W.V.) and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (P.H.C., D.B., M.W.V.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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Hernandez AR, Hernandez CM, Campos KT, Truckenbrod LM, Sakarya Y, McQuail JA, Carter CS, Bizon JL, Maurer AP, Burke SN. The Antiepileptic Ketogenic Diet Alters Hippocampal Transporter Levels and Reduces Adiposity in Aged Rats. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2018; 73:450-458. [PMID: 29040389 PMCID: PMC5861916 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glx193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutritional ketosis is induced by high fat/low carbohydrate dietary regimens, which produce high levels of circulating ketone bodies, shifting metabolism away from glucose utilization. While ketogenic diets (KD) were initially introduced to suppress seizures, they are garnering attention for their potential to treat a myriad of neurodegenerative and metabolic disorders that are associated with advanced age. The feasibility and physiological impact of implementing a long-term KD in old animals, however, has not been systematically examined. In this study, young and aged rats consumed a calorically- and nutritionally-matched KD or control diet for 12 weeks. All KD-fed rats maintained higher levels of BHB and lower levels of glucose relative to controls. However, it took the aged rats longer to reach asymptotic levels of BHB compared to young animals. Moreover, KD-fed rats had significantly less visceral white and brown adipose tissue than controls without a loss of lean mass. Interestingly, the KD led to significant alterations in protein levels of hippocampal transporters for monocarboxylates, glucose, and vesicular glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid. Most notably, the age-related decline in vesicular glutamate transporter expression was reversed by the KD. These data demonstrate the feasibility and potential benefits of KDs for treating age-associated neural dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Andrew P Maurer
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - Sara N Burke
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute
- Institute on Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville
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41
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Leblhuber F, Egger M, Schuetz B, Fuchs D. Commentary: Effect of Probiotic Supplementation on Cognitive Function and Metabolic Status in Alzheimer's Disease: A Randomized, Double-Blind and Controlled Trial. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:54. [PMID: 29559906 PMCID: PMC5845584 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Friedrich Leblhuber
- Department of Gerontology, Johannes Kepler University of Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Michael Egger
- Department of Gerontology, Johannes Kepler University of Linz, Linz, Austria
| | | | - Dietmar Fuchs
- Division of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
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42
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study constitutes the first randomized controlled trial to investigate the relation of lutein (L) and zeaxanthin (Z) to brain function using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). It was hypothesized that L and Z supplementation in older adults would enhance neural efficiency (i.e., reduce activation) and cognitive performance on a verbal learning task relative to placebo. METHODS A total of 44 community-dwelling older adults (mean age=72 years) were randomly assigned to receive either placebo or L+Z supplementation (12 mg/daily) for 1 year. Neurocognitive performance was assessed at baseline and post-intervention on an fMRI-adapted task involving learning and recalling word pairs. Imaging contrasts of blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal were created by subtracting active control trials from learning and recall trials. A flexible factorial model was employed to investigate the expected group (placebo vs. supplement) by time (baseline vs. post-intervention) interaction in pre-specified regions-of-interest. RESULTS L and Z appeared to buffer cognitive decline on the verbal learning task (Cohen's d=.84). Significant interactions during learning were observed in left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex (p < .05, family-wise-error corrected). However, these effects were in the direction of increased rather than decreased BOLD signal. Although the omnibus interaction was not significant during recall, within-group contrasts revealed significant increases in left prefrontal activation in the supplement group only. CONCLUSIONS L and Z supplementation appears to benefit neurocognitive function by enhancing cerebral perfusion, even if consumed for a discrete period of time in late life. (JINS, 2018, 24, 77-90).
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43
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Barbey AK. Network Neuroscience Theory of Human Intelligence. Trends Cogn Sci 2017; 22:8-20. [PMID: 29167088 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
An enduring aim of research in the psychological and brain sciences is to understand the nature of individual differences in human intelligence, examining the stunning breadth and diversity of intellectual abilities and the remarkable neurobiological mechanisms from which they arise. This Opinion article surveys recent neuroscience evidence to elucidate how general intelligence, g, emerges from individual differences in the network architecture of the human brain. The reviewed findings motivate new insights about how network topology and dynamics account for individual differences in g, represented by the Network Neuroscience Theory. According to this framework, g emerges from the small-world topology of brain networks and the dynamic reorganization of its community structure in the service of system-wide flexibility and adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aron K Barbey
- Decision Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA; Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA; https://www.DecisionNeuroscienceLab.org.
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44
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Cuoco JA, Hoehmann CL, Hitscherich K, Zakhary SM, Leheste JR, Torres G. Linking Brain Arteriovenous Malformations With Anorectal Hemorrhoids: A Clinical and Anatomical Review. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2017; 300:1973-1980. [PMID: 28696502 PMCID: PMC5655777 DOI: 10.1002/ar.23643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Patients who harbor brain arteriovenous malformations are at risk for intracranial hemorrhage. These malformations are often seen in inherited vascular diseases such as hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. However, malformations within the brain also sporadically occur without a hereditary-coding component. Here, we review recent insights into the pathophysiology of arteriovenous malformations, in particular, certain signaling pathways that might underlie endothelial cell pathology. To better interpret the origins, determinants and consequences of brain arteriovenous malformations, we present a clinical case to illustrate the phenotypic landscape of the disease. We also propose that brain arteriovenous malformations might share certain signaling dimensions with those of anorectal hemorrhoids. This working hypothesis provides casual anchors from which to understand vascular diseases characterized by arteriovenous lesions with a hemorrhagic- or bleeding-risk component. Anat Rec, 2017. © The Authors. The Anatomical Record published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Association of Anatomists. Anat Rec, 300:1973-1980, 2017. © 2017 The Authors. The Anatomical Record published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Association of Anatomists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A. Cuoco
- Department of Biomedical SciencesNew York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic MedicineOld WestburyNew York
| | - Christopher L. Hoehmann
- Department of AnatomyNew York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic MedicineOld WestburyNew York
| | - Kyle Hitscherich
- Department of Biomedical SciencesNew York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic MedicineOld WestburyNew York
| | - Sherry M. Zakhary
- Department of RadiologyBrookhaven Memorial Hospital Medical CenterPatchogueNew York
| | - Joerg R. Leheste
- Department of Biomedical SciencesNew York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic MedicineOld WestburyNew York
| | - German Torres
- Department of Biomedical SciencesNew York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic MedicineOld WestburyNew York
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45
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Antony JM, Weaver I, Rueffer M, Guthrie N, Evans M. The Essentials of a Global Index for Cognitive Function. Transl Neurosci 2017; 8:87-96. [PMID: 28924492 PMCID: PMC5597950 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2017-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognition is comprised of the faculties: perception, creativity, intuition, and ratiocination. Optimal levels of cognition are needed for independent functioning and balanced living. With an aging population that continues to grow, dietary supplements that tilt the balance towards maintenance of cognition are being marketed for vulnerable populations facing these challenges. Randomized clinical trials provide the causal inference necessary to define the efficacy of emerging nutraceuticals. Cognition testing, in particular, requires a battery of tests that encompass all brain regions involved in cognition so as to provide endpoints necessary for product validation. The lack of well controlled studies for comparison analyses, limited sample sizes, ambiguous dosages, and poor cognitive measures result in data that cannot be compared across studies to determine the efficacy of supplements claiming to enhance cognition. Clinical trials for the nutraceutical industry should consider the multifaceted nature of supplements, where clinical endpoints must be comprehensive while remaining feasible. Combining endpoints of cognition with physiological biomarkers of immunity and metabolism to arrive at a global index for cognitive health may be necessary for claim substantiation in order to fully justify and scientifically validate improvements in cognitive health. The issues and needs of a global index will be discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ian Weaver
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Matthew Rueffer
- Robarts Clinical Trials, 100 Dundas St, London, ON N6A 5B6, Canada
| | - Najla Guthrie
- KGK Science Inc. 1440, One London Place, London, ON, N6A 5R8, Canada
| | - Malkanthi Evans
- KGK Science Inc. 1440, One London Place, London, ON, N6A 5R8, Canada
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46
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Zamroziewicz MK, Paul EJ, Zwilling CE, Barbey AK. Predictors of Memory in Healthy Aging: Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Balance and Fornix White Matter Integrity. Aging Dis 2017; 8:372-383. [PMID: 28840052 PMCID: PMC5524800 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2017.0501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence demonstrates that age and disease-related decline in cognition depends not only upon degeneration in brain structure and function, but also on dietary intake and nutritional status. Memory, a potential preclinical marker of Alzheimer's disease, is supported by white matter integrity in the brain and dietary patterns high in omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids. However, the extent to which memory is supported by specific omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and the degree to which this relationship is reliant upon microstructure of particular white matter regions is not known. This study therefore examined the cross-sectional relationship between empirically-derived patterns of omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (represented by nutrient biomarker patterns), memory, and regional white matter microstructure in healthy, older adults. We measured thirteen plasma phospholipid omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, memory, and regional white matter microstructure in 94 cognitively intact older adults (65 to 75 years old). A three-step mediation analysis was implemented using multivariate linear regressions, adjusted for age, gender, education, income, depression status, and body mass index. The mediation analysis revealed that a mixture of plasma phospholipid omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids is linked to memory and that white matter microstructure of the fornix fully mediates the relationship between this pattern of plasma phospholipid polyunsaturated fatty acids and memory. These results suggest that memory may be optimally supported by a balance of plasma phospholipid omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids through the preservation of fornix white matter microstructure in cognitively intact older adults. This report provides novel evidence for the benefits of plasma phospholipid omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid balance on memory and underlying white matter microstructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta K. Zamroziewicz
- Decision Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
| | - Erick J. Paul
- Decision Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
| | - Chris E. Zwilling
- Decision Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
| | - Aron K. Barbey
- Decision Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Carle Neuroscience Institute, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
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47
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Zamroziewicz MK, Paul EJ, Zwilling CE, Barbey AK. Determinants of fluid intelligence in healthy aging: Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid status and frontoparietal cortex structure. Nutr Neurosci 2017; 21:570-579. [DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2017.1324357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marta K. Zamroziewicz
- Decision Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Erick J. Paul
- Decision Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Chris E. Zwilling
- Decision Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Aron K. Barbey
- Decision Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Carle Neuroscience Institute, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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48
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Campos CH, Ribeiro GR, Stella F, Rodrigues Garcia RCM. Mandibular movements and bite force in Alzheimer's disease before and after new denture insertion. J Oral Rehabil 2017; 44:178-186. [DOI: 10.1111/joor.12476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. H. Campos
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology; Piracicaba Dental School; University of Campinas; Piracicaba SP Brazil
| | - G. R. Ribeiro
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology; Piracicaba Dental School; University of Campinas; Piracicaba SP Brazil
| | - F. Stella
- UNESP; Biosciences Institute; Universidade Estadual Paulista; Rio Claro SP Brazil
- Laboratory of Neuroscience; Department and Institute of Psychiatry; Faculty of Medicine; University of Sao Paulo; Sao Paulo SP Brazil
| | - R. C. M. Rodrigues Garcia
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology; Piracicaba Dental School; University of Campinas; Piracicaba SP Brazil
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Zamroziewicz MK, Paul EJ, Zwilling CE, Johnson EJ, Kuchan MJ, Cohen NJ, Barbey AK. Parahippocampal Cortex Mediates the Relationship between Lutein and Crystallized Intelligence in Healthy, Older Adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2016; 8:297. [PMID: 27999541 PMCID: PMC5138207 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2016.00297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Although, diet has a substantial influence on the aging brain, the relationship between dietary nutrients and aspects of brain health remains unclear. This study examines the neural mechanisms that mediate the relationship between a carotenoid important for brain health across the lifespan, lutein, and crystallized intelligence in cognitively intact older adults. We hypothesized that higher serum levels of lutein are associated with better performance on a task of crystallized intelligence, and that this relationship is mediated by gray matter structure of regions within the temporal cortex. This investigation aims to contribute to a growing line of evidence, which suggests that particular nutrients may slow or prevent aspects of cognitive decline by targeting specific features of brain aging. Methods: We examined 76 cognitively intact adults between the ages of 65 and 75 to investigate the relationship between serum lutein, tests of crystallized intelligence (measured by the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence), and gray matter volume of regions within the temporal cortex. A three-step mediation analysis was implemented using multivariate linear regressions to control for age, sex, education, income, depression status, and body mass index. Results: The mediation analysis revealed that gray matter thickness of one region within the temporal cortex, the right parahippocampal cortex (Brodmann's Area 34), partially mediates the relationship between serum lutein and crystallized intelligence. Conclusion: These results suggest that the parahippocampal cortex acts as a mediator of the relationship between serum lutein and crystallized intelligence in cognitively intact older adults. Prior findings substantiate the individual relationships reported within the mediation, specifically the links between (i) serum lutein and temporal cortex structure, (ii) serum lutein and crystallized intelligence, and (iii) parahippocampal cortex structure and crystallized intelligence. This report demonstrates a novel structural mediation between lutein status and crystallized intelligence, and therefore provides further evidence that specific nutrients may slow or prevent features of cognitive decline by hindering particular aspects of brain aging. Future work should examine the potential mechanisms underlying this mediation, including the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and membrane modulating properties of lutein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta K Zamroziewicz
- Decision Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignUrbana, IL, USA; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignUrbana, IL, USA; Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignUrbana, IL, USA
| | - Erick J Paul
- Decision Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignUrbana, IL, USA; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignUrbana, IL, USA
| | - Chris E Zwilling
- Decision Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignUrbana, IL, USA; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignUrbana, IL, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Johnson
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Center on Aging, Tufts University Boston, MA USA
| | - Matthew J Kuchan
- Research, Scientific and Medical Affairs, Abbott Nutrition Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Neal J Cohen
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignUrbana, IL, USA; Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignUrbana, IL, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignUrbana, IL, USA; Carle Neuroscience Institute, Carle Foundation HospitalUrbana, IL, USA
| | - Aron K Barbey
- Decision Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignUrbana, IL, USA; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignUrbana, IL, USA; Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignUrbana, IL, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignUrbana, IL, USA; Carle Neuroscience Institute, Carle Foundation HospitalUrbana, IL, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignUrbana, IL, USA; Department of Speech and Hearing Science, University of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignUrbana, IL, USA; Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignChampaign, IL, USA
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Zamroziewicz MK, Zwilling CE, Barbey AK. Inferior Prefrontal Cortex Mediates the Relationship between Phosphatidylcholine and Executive Functions in Healthy, Older Adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2016; 8:226. [PMID: 27733825 PMCID: PMC5040143 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2016.00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: This study examines the neural mechanisms that mediate the relationship between phosphatidylcholine and executive functions in cognitively intact older adults. We hypothesized that higher plasma levels of phosphatidylcholine are associated with better performance on a particular component of the executive functions, namely cognitive flexibility, and that this relationship is mediated by gray matter structure of regions within the prefrontal cortex (PFC) that have been implicated in cognitive flexibility. Methods: We examined 72 cognitively intact adults between the ages of 65 and 75 in an observational, cross-sectional study to investigate the relationship between blood biomarkers of phosphatidylcholine, tests of cognitive flexibility (measured by the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System Trail Making Test), and gray matter structure of regions within the PFC. A three-step mediation analysis was implemented using multivariate linear regressions and we controlled for age, sex, education, income, depression status, and body mass index. Results: The mediation analysis revealed that gray matter thickness of one region within the PFC, the left inferior PFC (Brodmann's Area 45), mediates the relationship between phosphatidylcholine blood biomarkers and cognitive flexibility. Conclusion: These results suggest that particular nutrients may slow or prevent age-related cognitive decline by influencing specific structures within the brain. This report demonstrates a novel structural mediation between plasma phosphatidylcholine levels and cognitive flexibility. Future work should examine the potential mechanisms underlying this mediation, including phosphatidylcholine-dependent cell membrane integrity of the inferior PFC and phosphatidylcholine-dependent cholinergic projections to the inferior PFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta K. Zamroziewicz
- Decision Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, UrbanaIL, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, UrbanaIL, USA
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, UrbanaIL, USA
| | - Chris E. Zwilling
- Decision Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, UrbanaIL, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, UrbanaIL, USA
| | - Aron K. Barbey
- Decision Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, UrbanaIL, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, UrbanaIL, USA
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, UrbanaIL, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, UrbanaIL, USA
- Department of Speech and Hearing Science, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, UrbanaIL, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, UrbanaIL, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, UrbanaIL, USA
- Carle Neuroscience Institute, Carle Foundation Hospital, UrbanaIL, USA
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