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Schrader LA, Ronnekleiv-Kelly SM, Hogenesch JB, Bradfield CA, Malecki KM. Circadian disruption, clock genes, and metabolic health. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e170998. [PMID: 39007272 PMCID: PMC11245155 DOI: 10.1172/jci170998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
A growing body of research has identified circadian-rhythm disruption as a risk factor for metabolic health. However, the underlying biological basis remains complex, and complete molecular mechanisms are unknown. There is emerging evidence from animal and human research to suggest that the expression of core circadian genes, such as circadian locomotor output cycles kaput gene (CLOCK), brain and muscle ARNT-Like 1 gene (BMAL1), period (PER), and cyptochrome (CRY), and the consequent expression of hundreds of circadian output genes are integral to the regulation of cellular metabolism. These circadian mechanisms represent potential pathophysiological pathways linking circadian disruption to adverse metabolic health outcomes, including obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes. Here, we aim to summarize select evidence from in vivo animal models and compare these results with epidemiologic research findings to advance understanding of existing foundational evidence and potential mechanistic links between circadian disruption and altered clock gene expression contributions to metabolic health-related pathologies. Findings have important implications for the treatment, prevention, and control of metabolic pathologies underlying leading causes of death and disability, including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sean M Ronnekleiv-Kelly
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center and
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison Wisconsin, USA
| | - John B Hogenesch
- Divisions of Human Genetics and Immunobiology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Kristen Mc Malecki
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center and
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Division of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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2
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Lal H, Verma SK, Wang Y, Xie M, Young ME. Circadian Rhythms in Cardiovascular Metabolism. Circ Res 2024; 134:635-658. [PMID: 38484029 PMCID: PMC10947116 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.323520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Energetic demand and nutrient supply fluctuate as a function of time-of-day, in alignment with sleep-wake and fasting-feeding cycles. These daily rhythms are mirrored by 24-hour oscillations in numerous cardiovascular functional parameters, including blood pressure, heart rate, and myocardial contractility. It is, therefore, not surprising that metabolic processes also fluctuate over the course of the day, to ensure temporal needs for ATP, building blocks, and metabolism-based signaling molecules are met. What has become increasingly clear is that in addition to classic signal-response coupling (termed reactionary mechanisms), cardiovascular-relevant cells use autonomous circadian clocks to temporally orchestrate metabolic pathways in preparation for predicted stimuli/stresses (termed anticipatory mechanisms). Here, we review current knowledge regarding circadian regulation of metabolism, how metabolic rhythms are synchronized with cardiovascular function, and whether circadian misalignment/disruption of metabolic processes contribute toward the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hind Lal
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Suresh Kumar Verma
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Yajing Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Min Xie
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Martin E. Young
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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3
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Huang CH, Yu S, Yu HS, Tu HP, Yeh YT, Yu HS. Chronic blue light-emitting diode exposure harvests gut dysbiosis related to cholesterol dysregulation. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 13:1320713. [PMID: 38259967 PMCID: PMC10800827 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1320713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Night shift workers have been associated with circadian dysregulation and metabolic disorders, which are tightly coevolved with gut microbiota. The chronic impacts of light-emitting diode (LED) lighting at night on gut microbiota and serum lipids were investigated. Male C57BL/6 mice were exposed to blue or white LED lighting at Zeitgeber time 13.5-14 (ZT; ZT0 is the onset of "lights on" and ZT12 is the "lights off" onset under 12-hour light, 12-hour dark schedule). After 33 weeks, only the high irradiance (7.2 J/cm2) of blue LED light reduced the alpha diversity of gut microbiota. The high irradiance of white LED light and the low irradiance (3.6 J/cm2) of both lights did not change microbial alpha diversity. However, the low irradiance, but not the high one, of both blue and white LED illuminations significantly increased serum total cholesterol (TCHO), but not triglyceride (TG). There was no significant difference of microbial abundance between two lights. The ratio of beneficial to harmful bacteria decreased at a low irradiance but increased at a high irradiance of blue light. Notably, this ratio was negatively correlated with serum TCHO but positively correlated with bile acid biosynthesis pathway. Therefore, chronic blue LED lighting at a high irradiance may harvest gut dysbiosis in association with decreased alpha diversity and the ratio of beneficial to harmful bacteria to specifically dysregulates TCHO metabolism in mice. Night shift workers are recommended to be avoid of blue LED lighting for a long and lasting time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hsieh Huang
- Ph. D. Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University and National Health Research Institutes, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Aging and Disease Prevention Research Center, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Sebastian Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsu-Sheng Yu
- Department of Food Science, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Pin Tu
- Department of Public Health and Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Tsung Yeh
- Aging and Disease Prevention Research Center, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Biotechnology, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Su Yu
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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4
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Salgado-Delgado RC, Espinosa-Tanguma R, Valdés Abadía B, Ramírez-Plascencia OD, Escobar C, Saderi N. Feeding during the resting phase causes gastrointestinal tract dysfunction and desynchronization of metabolic and neuronal rhythms in rats. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2023; 35:e14687. [PMID: 37815021 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disrupted circadian rhythms may result from a misalignment between the environmental cycles (due to shift work, sleep restriction, feeding at an unusual time of day) and endogenous rhythms or by physiological aging. Among the numerous adverse effects, disrupted rhythms affect the brain-gut axis, contributing to the pathogenesis of several diseases in the gastrointestinal tract, for example, abdominal pain, constipation, gastric dyspepsia, inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, and others. METHODS This study evaluated the rat gastric emptying, gastrointestinal motility, a clock gene, gut hormones, and the neuron activity on the nucleus of tractus solitarius (NTS), area postrema (AP), and the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) in rats with restricted food access to the rest phase for 4 weeks. KEY RESULTS Our results show that food restricted to the rest light period disturbed the expression pattern of a series of transcripts, including metabolic and circadian regulation. Also, the secretion of gastrointestinal hormones, gastric emptying, intestinal motility, and NTS, AP, and DMV activity were altered. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES These data indicate the importance of the time of the day food is ingested on the regulation of energy balance and the endocrine activity of the stomach and small intestine, emphasizing the importance of food as a powerful circadian synchronizer and an essential factor for the triggering of gastrointestinal diseases and metabolic problems. These findings offer a novel clue regarding the obesity-promoting effect attributed to feeding time and open the possibility of treating this and other intestinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ricardo Espinosa-Tanguma
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Fisiología y Biofísica, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Belkis Valdés Abadía
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Fisiología y Biofísica, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | | | - Carolina Escobar
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Anatomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Nadia Saderi
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
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5
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Méndez-Hernández R, Rumanova VS, Guzmán-Ruiz MA, Foppen E, Moreno-Morton R, Hurtado-Alvarado G, Escobar C, Kalsbeek A, Buijs RM. Minor Changes in Daily Rhythms Induced by a Skeleton Photoperiod Are Associated with Increased Adiposity and Glucose Intolerance. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2200116. [PMID: 35818679 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Eating during the rest phase is associated with metabolic syndrome, proposed to result from a conflict between food consumption and the energy-saving state imposed by the circadian system. However, in nocturnal rodents, eating during the rest phase (day-feeding, DF) also implies food intake during light exposure. To investigate whether light exposure contributes to DF-induced metabolic impairments, animals receive food during the subjective day without light. A skeleton photoperiod (SP) is used to entrain rats to a 12:12 cycle with two short light pulses framing the subjective day. DF-induced adiposity is prevented by SP, suggesting that the conflict between light and feeding stimulates fat accumulation. However, all animals under SP conditions develop glucose intolerance regardless of their feeding schedule. Moreover, animals under SP with ad libitum or night-feeding have increased adiposity. SP animals show a delayed onset of the daily rise in body temperature and energy expenditure and shorter duration of nighttime activity, which may contribute to the metabolic disturbances. These data emphasize that metabolic homeostasis can only be achieved when all daily cycling variables are synchronized. Even small shifts in the alignment of different metabolic rhythms, such as those induced by SP, may predispose individuals to metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Méndez-Hernández
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
| | - Valentina S Rumanova
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovičova ulica č. 6, Bratislava, 842 15, Slovakia
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Meibergdreef 47, Amsterdam, 1105 BA, The Netherlands
| | - Mara A Guzmán-Ruiz
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
| | - Ewout Foppen
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Meibergdreef 47, Amsterdam, 1105 BA, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM), Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Rodrigo Moreno-Morton
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Hurtado-Alvarado
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
| | - Carolina Escobar
- Departamento de Anatomía, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
| | - Andries Kalsbeek
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Meibergdreef 47, Amsterdam, 1105 BA, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM), Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Ruud M Buijs
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
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In Het Panhuis W, Schönke M, Modder M, Tom HE, Lalai RA, Pronk ACM, Streefland TCM, van Kerkhof LWM, Dollé MET, Depuydt MAC, Bot I, Vos WG, Bosmans LA, van Os BW, Lutgens E, Rensen PCN, Kooijman S. Time-restricted feeding attenuates hypercholesterolaemia and atherosclerosis development during circadian disturbance in APOE∗3-Leiden.CETP mice. EBioMedicine 2023; 93:104680. [PMID: 37356205 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circadian disturbance (CD) is the consequence of a mismatch between endogenous circadian rhythms, behaviour, and/or environmental cycles, and frequently occurs during shift work. Shift work has been associated with elevated risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (asCVD) in humans, but evidence for the effectiveness of prevention strategies is lacking. METHODS Here, we applied time-restricted feeding (TRF) as a strategy to counteract atherosclerosis development during CD in female APOE∗3-Leiden.CETP mice, a well-established model for humanized lipoprotein metabolism. Control groups were subjected to a fixed 12:12 h light-dark cycle, while CD groups were subjected to 6-h phase advancement every 3 days. Groups had either ad libitum (AL) access to food or were subjected to TRF with restricted food access to the dark phase. FINDINGS TRF did not prevent the increase in the relative abundance of circulating inflammatory monocytes and elevation of (postprandial) plasma triglycerides during CD. Nonetheless, TRF reduced atherosclerotic lesion size and prevented an elevation in macrophage content of atherosclerotic lesions during CD, while it increased the relative abundance of anti-inflammatory monocytes, prevented activation of T cells, and lowered plasma total cholesterol levels and markers of hepatic cholesterol synthesis. These effects were independent of total food intake. INTERPRETATION We propose that time restricted eating could be a promising strategy for the primary prevention of asCVD risk in shift workers, which warrants future study in humans. FUNDING This work was funded by the Novo Nordisk Foundation, the Netherlands Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, and the Dutch Heart Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wietse In Het Panhuis
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Milena Schönke
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Melanie Modder
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Hannah E Tom
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Reshma A Lalai
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Amanda C M Pronk
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Trea C M Streefland
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Linda W M van Kerkhof
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn E T Dollé
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Marie A C Depuydt
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of Biotherapeutics, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ilze Bot
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of Biotherapeutics, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Winnie G Vos
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Atherosclerosis & Ischemic Syndromes, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Immunity and Infection, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Laura A Bosmans
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Atherosclerosis & Ischemic Syndromes, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Immunity and Infection, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bram W van Os
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Atherosclerosis & Ischemic Syndromes, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Immunity and Infection, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Esther Lutgens
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Atherosclerosis & Ischemic Syndromes, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Immunity and Infection, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Patrick C N Rensen
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sander Kooijman
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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Jerigova V, Zeman M, Okuliarova M. Circadian Disruption and Consequences on Innate Immunity and Inflammatory Response. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213722. [PMID: 36430199 PMCID: PMC9690954 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms control almost all aspects of physiology and behavior, allowing temporal synchrony of these processes between each other, as well as with the external environment. In the immune system, daily rhythms of leukocyte functions can determine the strength of the immune response, thereby regulating the efficiency of defense mechanisms to cope with infections or tissue injury. The natural light/dark cycle is the prominent synchronizing agent perceived by the circadian clock, but this role of light is highly compromised by irregular working schedules and unintentional exposure to artificial light at night (ALAN). The primary concern is disrupted circadian control of important physiological processes, underlying potential links to adverse health effects. Here, we first discuss the immune consequences of genetic circadian disruption induced by mutation or deletion of specific clock genes. Next, we evaluate experimental research into the effects of disruptive light/dark regimes, particularly light-phase shifts, dim ALAN, and constant light on the innate immune mechanisms under steady state and acute inflammation, and in the pathogenesis of common lifestyle diseases. We suggest that a better understanding of the mechanisms by which circadian disruption influences immune status can be of importance in the search for strategies to minimize the negative consequences of chronodisruption on health.
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Becker-Krail DD, Walker WH, Nelson RJ. The Ventral Tegmental Area and Nucleus Accumbens as Circadian Oscillators: Implications for Drug Abuse and Substance Use Disorders. Front Physiol 2022; 13:886704. [PMID: 35574492 PMCID: PMC9094703 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.886704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms convergently evolved to allow for optimal synchronization of individuals’ physiological and behavioral processes with the Earth’s 24-h periodic cycling of environmental light and temperature. Whereas the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is considered the primary pacemaker of the mammalian circadian system, many extra-SCN oscillatory brain regions have been identified to not only exhibit sustainable rhythms in circadian molecular clock function, but also rhythms in overall region activity/function and mediated behaviors. In this review, we present the most recent evidence for the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and nucleus accumbens (NAc) to serve as extra-SCN oscillators and highlight studies that illustrate the functional significance of the VTA’s and NAc’s inherent circadian properties as they relate to reward-processing, drug abuse, and vulnerability to develop substance use disorders (SUDs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Darius D Becker-Krail
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - William H Walker
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Randy J Nelson
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
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9
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De Pablo-Moreno JA, Liras A, Revuelta L. Standardization of Coagulation Factor V Reference Intervals, Prothrombin Time, and Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time in Mice for Use in Factor V Deficiency Pathological Models. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:846216. [PMID: 35419447 PMCID: PMC8995772 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.846216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Factor V together with activated factor X forms the prothrombinase complex, which transforms prothrombin into thrombin. The Mus musculus species is characterized by very high levels of this factor and short clotting times, which hinders accurate measurements. For that reason, a detailed characterization of such parameters is indispensable. A method was designed as part of this study to provide an accurate determination and standardization of factor V levels, prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time in Mus musculus. Those parameters were evaluated in a sample of 66 healthy animals using a semi-automated coagulometer and human diagnostic reagents in an attempt to determine the most appropriate time of day for the extractions. A mouse-based protocol was designed, capable of making corrections to the samples at dilutions of 1:100 for factor V and at of 1:3 for prothrombin time. The goal was to smoothen the calibration curves, which often present with steep slopes and narrow measurement ranges between one calibration point and another. It was found that the most stable period for blood sample extraction was that comprised between the first 6 h of light. No clinical differences were observed between the sexes and reference intervals were established for factor V (95.80% ± 18.14; 25.21 s ± 1.34), prothrombin time (104.31% ± 14.52; 16.85 s ± 1.32) and activated partial thromboplastin time (32.86 s ± 3.01). The results obtained are applicable to human or veterinary biomedical research, to transfusional medicine or to pathological models for diseases such as factor V deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A. De Pablo-Moreno
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, School of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Liras
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, School of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Antonio Liras
| | - Luis Revuelta
- Department of Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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10
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Richter HG, Mendez N, Halabi D, Torres-Farfan C, Spichiger C. New integrative approaches to discovery of pathophysiological mechanisms triggered by night shift work. Chronobiol Int 2021; 39:269-284. [PMID: 34727788 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2021.1994984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Synchronization to periodic cues such as food/water availability and light/dark cycles is crucial for living organisms' homeostasis. Both factors have been heavily influenced by human activity, with artificial light at night (ALAN) being an evolutionary challenge imposed over roughly the last century. Evidence from studies in humans and animal models shows that overt circadian misalignment, such as that imposed to about 20% of the workforce by night shift work (NSW), negatively impinges on the internal temporal order of endocrinology, physiology, metabolism, and behavior. Moreover, NSW is often associated to mistimed feeding, with both unnatural behaviors being known to increase the risk of chronic diseases, such as eating disorders, overweight, obesity, cardiovascular, metabolic (particularly type 2 diabetes mellitus) and gastrointestinal disorders, some types of cancer, as well as mental disease including sleep disturbances, cognitive disorders, and depression. Regarding deleterious effects of ALAN on reproduction, increased risk of miscarriage, preterm delivery and low birth weight have been reported in shift-worker women. These mounting lines of evidence prompt further efforts to advance our understanding of the effects of long-term NSW on health. Emerging data suggest that NSW with or without mistimed feeding modify gene expression and functional readouts in different tissues/organs, which seem to translate into persistent cardiometabolic and endocrine dysfunction. However, this research avenue still faces multiple challenges, such as functional characterization of new experimental models more closely resembling human long-term NSW and mistimed feeding in males versus females; studying further target organs; identifying molecular changes by means of deep multi-omics analyses; and exploring biomarkers of NSW with translational medicine potential. Using high-throughput and systems biology is a relatively new approach to study NSW, aimed to generate experiments addressing new biological factors, pathways, and mechanisms, going beyond the boundaries of the circadian clock molecular machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans G Richter
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología del Desarrollo, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Natalia Mendez
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología del Desarrollo, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Diego Halabi
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología del Desarrollo, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Instituto de Odontoestomatología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Claudia Torres-Farfan
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología del Desarrollo, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios del Sistema Nervioso (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Carlos Spichiger
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
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Rodrigues LGF, de Araujo LD, Roa SLR, Bueno AC, Uchoa ET, Antunes-Rodrigues J, Moreira AC, Elias LLK, de Castro M, Martins CS. Restricted feeding modulates peripheral clocks and nutrient sensing pathways in rats. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2021; 65:549-561. [PMID: 34591411 PMCID: PMC10528573 DOI: 10.20945/2359-3997000000407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Feeding restriction in rats alters the oscillators in suprachiasmatic, paraventricular, and arcuate nuclei, hypothalamic areas involved in food intake. In the present study, using the same animals and experimental protocol, we aimed to analyze if food restriction could reset clock genes (Clock, Bmal1) and genes involved in lipid metabolism (Pgc1a, Pparg, Ucp2) through nutrient-sensing pathways (Sirt1, Ampk, Nampt) in peripheral tissues. METHODS Rats were grouped according to food access: Control group (CG, food ad libitum), Restricted night-fed (RF-n, food access during 2 h at night), Restricted day-fed (RF-d, food access during 2 h in the daytime), and Day-fed (DF, food access during 12 h in the daytime). After 21 days, rats were decapitated at ZT3 (0900-1000 h), ZT11 (1700-1800 h), or ZT17 (2300-2400 h). Blood, liver, brown (BAT) and peri-epididymal (PAT) adipose tissues were collected. Plasma corticosterone and gene expression were evaluated by radioimmunoassay and qPCR, respectively. RESULTS In the liver, the expression pattern of Clock and Bmal1 shifted when food access was dissociated from rat nocturnal activity; this phenomenon was attenuated in adipose tissues. Daytime feeding also inverted the profile of energy-sensing and lipid metabolism-related genes in the liver, whereas calorie restriction induced a pre-feeding increased expression of these genes. In adipose tissues, Sirt1 expression was modified by daytime feeding and calorie restriction, with concomitant expression of Pgc1a, Pparg, and Ucp2 but not Ampk and Nampt. CONCLUSION Feeding restriction reset clock genes and genes involved in lipid metabolism through nutrient-sensing-related genes in rat liver, brown, and peri-epididymal adipose tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Guilherme F Rodrigues
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Leonardo D de Araujo
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Silvia L R Roa
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Ana C Bueno
- Departamento de Pediatria, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Ernane T Uchoa
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - José Antunes-Rodrigues
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Ayrton C Moreira
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Lucila L K Elias
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Margaret de Castro
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Clarissa S Martins
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil,
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12
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Arora S, Dharavath RN, Bansal Y, Bishnoi M, Kondepudi KK, Chopra K. Neurobehavioral alterations in a mouse model of chronic partial sleep deprivation. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:1315-1330. [PMID: 33740181 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00693-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The night shift paradigm induces a state of chronic partial sleep deprivation (CPSD) and enhances the vulnerability to neuronal dysfunction. However, the specific neuronal impact of CPSD has not been thoroughly explored to date. In the current study, the night shift condition was mimicked in female Swiss albino mice. The classical sleep deprivation model, i.e., Modified Multiple Platform (MMP) method, was used for 8 h/day from Monday to Friday with Saturday and Sunday as a weekend off for nine weeks. Following nine weeks of night shift schedule, their neurobehavioral profile and physiological parameters were assessed along with the activity of the mitochondrial complexes, oxidative stress, serotonin levels, and inflammatory markers in the brain. Mice showed an overall hyperactive behavioral profile including hyperlocomotion, aggression, and stereotyped behavior accompanied by decreased activity of mitochondrial enzymes and serotonin levels, increased oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in whole brain homogenates. Collectively, the study points towards the occurrence of a hyperactive behavioral profile akin to mania and psychosis as a potential consequence of CPSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyana Arora
- Pharmacology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Panjab University, Sector 14, 160014, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ravinder Naik Dharavath
- Pharmacology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Panjab University, Sector 14, 160014, Chandigarh, India
| | - Yashika Bansal
- Pharmacology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Panjab University, Sector 14, 160014, Chandigarh, India
| | - Mahendra Bishnoi
- Food and Nutritional Biotechnology Laboratory, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, SAS Nagar, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Kanthi Kiran Kondepudi
- Food and Nutritional Biotechnology Laboratory, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, SAS Nagar, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Kanwaljit Chopra
- Pharmacology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Panjab University, Sector 14, 160014, Chandigarh, India.
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13
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Lu Y, Liu B, Ma J, Yang S, Huang J. Disruption of Circadian Transcriptome in Lung by Acute Sleep Deprivation. Front Genet 2021; 12:664334. [PMID: 33859677 PMCID: PMC8042274 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.664334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inadequate sleep prevails in modern society and it impairs the circadian transcriptome. However, to what extent acute sleep deprivation (SD) has impact on the circadian rhythms of peripheral tissues is not clear. Here, we show that in mouse lung, a 10-h acute sleep deprivation can alter the circadian expression of approximately 3,000 genes. We found that circadian rhythm disappears in genes related to metabolism and signaling pathways regulating protein phosphorylation after acute sleep deprivation, while the core circadian regulators do not change much in rhythmicity. Importantly, the strong positive correlation between mean expression and amplitude (E-A correlation) of cycling genes has been validated in both control and sleep deprivation conditions, supporting the energetic cost optimization model of circadian gene expression. Thus, we reveal that acute sleep deprivation leads to a profound change in the circadian gene transcription that influences the biological functions in lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuntao Lu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junjie Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ju Huang
- Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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14
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Page AJ. Gastrointestinal Vagal Afferents and Food Intake: Relevance of Circadian Rhythms. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030844. [PMID: 33807524 PMCID: PMC7998414 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal vagal afferents (VAs) play an important role in food intake regulation, providing the brain with information on the amount and nutrient composition of a meal. This is processed, eventually leading to meal termination. The response of gastric VAs, to food-related stimuli, is under circadian control and fluctuates depending on the time of day. These rhythms are highly correlated with meal size, with a nadir in VA sensitivity and increase in meal size during the dark phase and a peak in sensitivity and decrease in meal size during the light phase in mice. These rhythms are disrupted in diet-induced obesity and simulated shift work conditions and associated with disrupted food intake patterns. In diet-induced obesity the dampened responses during the light phase are not simply reversed by reverting back to a normal diet. However, time restricted feeding prevents loss of diurnal rhythms in VA signalling in high fat diet-fed mice and, therefore, provides a potential strategy to reset diurnal rhythms in VA signalling to a pre-obese phenotype. This review discusses the role of the circadian system in the regulation of gastrointestinal VA signals and the impact of factors, such as diet-induced obesity and shift work, on these rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J. Page
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; ; Tel.: +61-8-8128-4840
- Nutrition, Diabetes and Gut Health, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institution (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
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15
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Kadota A, Iwakoshi-Ukena E, Fukumura K, Shikano K, Narimatsu Y, Furumitsu M, Ukena K. Effects of Irregular Feeding on the Daily Fluctuations in mRNA Expression of the Neurosecretory Protein GL and Neurosecretory Protein GM Genes in the Mouse Hypothalamus. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2109. [PMID: 33672695 PMCID: PMC7924315 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian desynchrony induced by a long period of irregular feeding leads to metabolic diseases, such as obesity and diabetes mellitus. The recently identified neurosecretory protein GL (NPGL) and neurosecretory protein GM (NPGM) are hypothalamic small proteins that stimulate food intake and fat accumulation in several animals. To clarify the mechanisms that evoke feeding behavior and induce energy metabolism at the appropriate times in accordance with a circadian rhythm, diurnal fluctuations in Npgl and Npgm mRNA expression were investigated in mice. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that the mRNAs of these two genes were highly expressed in the mediobasal hypothalamus during the active dark phase under ad libitum feeding. In mice restricted to 3 h of feeding during the inactive light phase, the Npgl mRNA level was augmented in the moment prior to the feeding period and the midnight peak of Npgm mRNA was attenuated. Moreover, the mRNA expression levels of clock genes, feeding regulatory neuropeptides, and lipid metabolic enzymes in the central and peripheral tissues were comparable to those of central Npgl and Npgm. These data suggest that Npgl and Npgm transcription fluctuates daily and likely mediates feeding behavior and/or energy metabolism at an appropriate time according to the meal timing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuki Kadota
- Laboratory of Neurometabolism, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan; (A.K.); (E.I.-U.); (K.F.); (K.S.); (Y.N.); (M.F.)
| | - Eiko Iwakoshi-Ukena
- Laboratory of Neurometabolism, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan; (A.K.); (E.I.-U.); (K.F.); (K.S.); (Y.N.); (M.F.)
| | - Keisuke Fukumura
- Laboratory of Neurometabolism, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan; (A.K.); (E.I.-U.); (K.F.); (K.S.); (Y.N.); (M.F.)
| | - Kenshiro Shikano
- Laboratory of Neurometabolism, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan; (A.K.); (E.I.-U.); (K.F.); (K.S.); (Y.N.); (M.F.)
- Department of Neurophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan
| | - Yuki Narimatsu
- Laboratory of Neurometabolism, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan; (A.K.); (E.I.-U.); (K.F.); (K.S.); (Y.N.); (M.F.)
| | - Megumi Furumitsu
- Laboratory of Neurometabolism, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan; (A.K.); (E.I.-U.); (K.F.); (K.S.); (Y.N.); (M.F.)
| | - Kazuyoshi Ukena
- Laboratory of Neurometabolism, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan; (A.K.); (E.I.-U.); (K.F.); (K.S.); (Y.N.); (M.F.)
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16
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A physiological glucocorticoid rhythm is an important regulator of brown adipose tissue function. Mol Metab 2021; 47:101179. [PMID: 33548499 PMCID: PMC7907824 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Brown adipose tissue (BAT) displays a strong circadian rhythm in metabolic activity, but it is unclear how this rhythm is regulated. As circulating levels of corticosterone coincide with the rhythm of triglyceride-derived fatty acid (FA) uptake by BAT, we investigated whether corticosterone regulates BAT circadian rhythm. Methods Corticosterone levels were flattened by implanting mice with subcutaneous corticosterone-releasing pellets, resulting in constant circulating corticosterone levels. Results Flattened corticosterone rhythm caused a complete loss of circadian rhythm in triglyceride-derived fatty acid uptake by BAT. This effect was independent of glucocorticoid receptor expression in (brown) adipocytes and was not caused by deregulation of clock gene expression or overexposure to glucocorticoids, but rather seemed mediated by reduced sympathetic innervation of BAT. In a mouse model of hyperlipidemia and metabolic syndrome, long-term experimental flattening of corticosterone − and thus rhythm in BAT function − resulted in adiposity. Conclusions This study highlights that a physiological rhythm in glucocorticoids is an important regulator of BAT function and essential for the maintenance of metabolic health. Flattening of corticosterone rhythm blunts circadian activity of brown adipose tissue. Disturbed corticosterone rhythm − rather than overexposure− is responsible for blunted brown adipose tissue activity. The metabolic effect of flattened corticosterone levels is independent of adipocyte glucocorticoid receptor expression. Long-term flattening of corticosterone levels results in increased adiposity in a female mouse model for metabolic syndrome.
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17
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Walbeek TJ, Harrison EM, Gorman MR, Glickman GL. Naturalistic Intensities of Light at Night: A Review of the Potent Effects of Very Dim Light on Circadian Responses and Considerations for Translational Research. Front Neurol 2021; 12:625334. [PMID: 33597916 PMCID: PMC7882611 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.625334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we discuss the remarkable potency and potential applications of a form of light that is often overlooked in a circadian context: naturalistic levels of dim light at night (nLAN), equivalent to intensities produced by the moon and stars. It is often assumed that such low levels of light do not produce circadian responses typically associated with brighter light levels. A solid understanding of the impacts of very low light levels is complicated further by the broad use of the somewhat ambiguous term “dim light,” which has been used to describe light levels ranging seven orders of magnitude. Here, we lay out the argument that nLAN exerts potent circadian effects on numerous mammalian species, and that given conservation of anatomy and function, the efficacy of light in this range in humans warrants further investigation. We also provide recommendations for the field of chronobiological research, including minimum requirements for the measurement and reporting of light, standardization of terminology (specifically as it pertains to “dim” light), and ideas for reconsidering old data and designing new studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thijs J Walbeek
- Center for Circadian Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Elizabeth M Harrison
- Center for Circadian Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Michael R Gorman
- Center for Circadian Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Gena L Glickman
- Center for Circadian Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
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18
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Yaw AM, McLane-Svoboda AK, Hoffmann HM. Shiftwork and Light at Night Negatively Impact Molecular and Endocrine Timekeeping in the Female Reproductive Axis in Humans and Rodents. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:E324. [PMID: 33396885 PMCID: PMC7795361 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Shiftwork, including work that takes place at night (nightshift) and/or rotates between day and nightshifts, plays an important role in our society, but is associated with decreased health, including reproductive dysfunction. One key factor in shiftwork, exposure to light at night, has been identified as a likely contributor to the underlying health risks associated with shiftwork. Light at night disrupts the behavioral and molecular circadian timekeeping system, which is important for coordinated timing of physiological processes, causing mistimed hormone release and impaired physiological functions. This review focuses on the impact of shiftwork on reproductive function and pregnancy in women and laboratory rodents and potential underlying molecular mechanisms. We summarize the negative impact of shiftwork on female fertility and compare these findings to studies in rodent models of light shifts. Light-shift rodent models recapitulate several aspects of reproductive dysfunction found in shift workers, and their comparison with human studies can enable a deeper understanding of physiological and hormonal responses to light shifts and the underlying molecular mechanisms that may lead to reproductive disruption in human shift workers. The contributions of human and rodent studies are essential to identify the origins of impaired fertility in women employed in shiftwork.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hanne M. Hoffmann
- Department of Animal Science and the Reproductive and Developmental Science Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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19
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de Goede P, Hellings TP, Coopmans TV, Ritsema WIGR, Kalsbeek A. After-Effects of Time-Restricted Feeding on Whole-Body Metabolism and Gene Expression in Four Different Peripheral Tissues. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2020; 28 Suppl 1:S68-S80. [PMID: 32475077 PMCID: PMC7496197 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Epidemiological studies show that shift workers are at increased risk for type 2 diabetes. As modern societies increasingly require shift work, it seems crucial to determine whether there are long-lasting health effects of rotational shifts. METHODS This study examined the after-effects of 4 weeks of time-restricted feeding (TRF) during the light period (= light-fed) in rats, an animal model for shift work. This study also included a TRF-dark (= dark-fed) control group. The aligned and misaligned feeding times of light and dark feeding are associated with poor and good health outcomes, respectively. Several physiological measures were monitored continuously; blood, liver, brown adipose tissue, and soleus and gastrocnemius muscle were collected following 11 days of ad libitum (AL) feeding after ending the TRF. RESULTS In the dark-fed animals, the day/night differences in food intake, activity, and respiratory exchange ratio were still enhanced at the end of the experiment. Light-fed animals displayed the smallest day/night differences for these measures, as well as for body temperature. In both the light- and dark-fed animals, rhythms in plasma glucose, nonesterified fatty acids, and gene expression had not fully recovered after 11 days of AL feeding. Importantly, the effects on gene expression were both tissue and gene dependent. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that rotational shift workers may have an increased risk of long-lasting disturbed rhythms in several physiological measures after a period of shift work. Clearly, such disturbances may harm their health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul de Goede
- Laboratory of EndocrinologyAmsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology & UMCAmsterdam University Medical CenterUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms GroupNetherlands Institute for NeuroscienceRoyal Netherlands Academy of Arts and SciencesAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Tom P. Hellings
- Laboratory of EndocrinologyAmsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology & UMCAmsterdam University Medical CenterUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms GroupNetherlands Institute for NeuroscienceRoyal Netherlands Academy of Arts and SciencesAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Tom V. Coopmans
- Laboratory of EndocrinologyAmsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology & UMCAmsterdam University Medical CenterUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms GroupNetherlands Institute for NeuroscienceRoyal Netherlands Academy of Arts and SciencesAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Wayne I. G. R. Ritsema
- Laboratory of EndocrinologyAmsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology & UMCAmsterdam University Medical CenterUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms GroupNetherlands Institute for NeuroscienceRoyal Netherlands Academy of Arts and SciencesAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Andries Kalsbeek
- Laboratory of EndocrinologyAmsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology & UMCAmsterdam University Medical CenterUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms GroupNetherlands Institute for NeuroscienceRoyal Netherlands Academy of Arts and SciencesAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
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20
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Malik DM, Paschos GK, Sehgal A, Weljie AM. Circadian and Sleep Metabolomics Across Species. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:3578-3610. [PMID: 32376454 PMCID: PMC7781158 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Under normal circadian function, metabolic control is temporally coordinated across tissues and behaviors with a 24-h period. However, circadian disruption results in negative consequences for metabolic homeostasis including energy or redox imbalances. Yet, circadian disruption has become increasingly prevalent within today's society due to many factors including sleep loss. Metabolic consequences of both have been revealed by metabolomics analyses of circadian biology and sleep. Specifically, two primary analytical platforms, mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, have been used to study molecular clock and sleep influences on overall metabolic rhythmicity. For example, human studies have demonstrated the prevalence of metabolic rhythms in human biology, as well as pan-metabolome consequences of sleep disruption. However, human studies are limited to peripheral metabolic readouts primarily through minimally invasive procedures. For further tissue- and organism-specific investigations, a number of model systems have been studied, based upon the conserved nature of both the molecular clock and sleep across species. Here we summarize human studies as well as key findings from metabolomics studies using mice, Drosophila, and zebrafish. While informative, a limitation in existing literature is a lack of interpretation regarding dynamic synthesis or catabolism within metabolite pools. To this extent, future work incorporating isotope tracers, specific metabolite reporters, and single-cell metabolomics may provide a means of exploring dynamic activity in pathways of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dania M Malik
- Pharmacology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Georgios K Paschos
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Amita Sehgal
- Penn Chronobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
| | - Aalim M Weljie
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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21
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Fatima N, Rana S. Metabolic implications of circadian disruption. Pflugers Arch 2020; 472:513-526. [PMID: 32363530 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-020-02381-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are generated by the circadian clock, a self-sustained internal timing system that exhibits 24-h rhythms in the body. In mammals, circadian rhythms are driven by a central clock located in suprachiasmatic nucleus and various peripheral clocks located in different tissues and organs of the body. Many cellular, behavioral, and physiological processes are regulated by the circadian clock in coordination with environmental cues. The process of metabolism is also under circadian regulation. Loss of synchronization between the internal clock and environmental zeitgebers results in disruption of the circadian rhythms that seriously impacts metabolic homeostasis leading to changed eating behavior, altered glucose and lipid metabolism, and weight gain. This in turn augments the risk of having various cardio-metabolic disorders such as obesity, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease. This review sheds light on circadian rhythms and their role in metabolism with the identification of gaps in the current knowledge that remain to be explored in these fields. In this review, the molecular mechanisms underlying circadian rhythms have been elaborated first. Then, the focus has been kept on explaining the physiological significance of circadian rhythms in regulating metabolism. Finally, the implications for metabolism when these rhythms are disrupted due to genetic mutations or social and occupational needs enforced by modern lifestyle have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narjis Fatima
- Molecular Biology and Human Genetics Laboratory, Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research (PCMD), International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Rana
- Molecular Biology and Human Genetics Laboratory, Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research (PCMD), International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
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22
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Pickel L, Sung HK. Feeding Rhythms and the Circadian Regulation of Metabolism. Front Nutr 2020; 7:39. [PMID: 32363197 PMCID: PMC7182033 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular circadian clock regulates metabolic processes within the cell, and the alignment of these clocks between tissues is essential for the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis. The possibility of misalignment arises from the differential responsiveness of tissues to the environmental cues that synchronize the clock (zeitgebers). Although light is the dominant environmental cue for the master clock of the suprachiasmatic nucleus, many other tissues are sensitive to feeding and fasting. When rhythms of feeding behavior are altered, for example by shift work or the constant availability of highly palatable foods, strong feedback is sent to the peripheral molecular clocks. Varying degrees of phase shift can cause the systemic misalignment of metabolic processes. Moreover, when there is a misalignment between the endogenous rhythms in physiology and environmental inputs, such as feeding during the inactive phase, the body's ability to maintain homeostasis is impaired. The loss of phase coordination between the organism and environment, as well as internal misalignment between tissues, can produce cardiometabolic disease as a consequence. The aim of this review is to synthesize the work on the mechanisms and metabolic effects of circadian misalignment. The timing of food intake is highlighted as a powerful environmental cue with the potential to destroy or restore the synchrony of circadian rhythms in metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Pickel
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hoon-Ki Sung
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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23
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Bahougne T, Kretz M, Angelopoulou E, Jeandidier N, Simonneaux V. Impact of Circadian Disruption on Female Mice Reproductive Function. Endocrinology 2020; 161:5758065. [PMID: 32100021 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In female mammals, cycles in reproductive function depend both on the biological clock synchronized to the light/dark cycle and on a balance between the negative and positive feedbacks of estradiol, whose concentration varies during oocyte maturation. In women, studies report that chronodisruptive environments such as shiftwork may impair fertility and gestational success. The objective of this study was to explore the effects of shifted light/dark cycles on both the robustness of the estrous cycles and the timing of the preovulatory luteinizing hormone (LH) surge in female mice. When mice were exposed to a single 10-hour phase advance or 10-hour phase delay, the occurrence and timing of the LH surge and estrous cyclicity were recovered at the third estrous cycle. By contrast, when mice were exposed to chronic shifts (successive rotations of 10-hoursour phase advances for 3 days followed by 10-hour phase delays for 4 days), they exhibited a severely impaired reproductive activity. Most mice had no preovulatory LH surge at the beginning of the chronic shifts. Furthermore, the gestational success of mice exposed to chronic shifts was reduced, because the number of pups was 2 times lower in shifted than in control mice. In conclusion, this study reports that exposure of female mice to a single phase shift has minor reproductive effects, whereas exposure to chronically disrupted light/dark cycles markedly impairs the occurrence of the preovulatory LH surge, leading to reduced fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Bahougne
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, (UPR CNRS 3212) and University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Service d'Endocrinologie et Diabète, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Mathilda Kretz
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, (UPR CNRS 3212) and University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Service d'Endocrinologie et Diabète, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Eleni Angelopoulou
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, (UPR CNRS 3212) and University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Nathalie Jeandidier
- Service d'Endocrinologie et Diabète, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Valérie Simonneaux
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, (UPR CNRS 3212) and University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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24
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Schilperoort M, van den Berg R, Bosmans LA, van Os BW, Dollé MET, Smits NAM, Guichelaar T, van Baarle D, Koemans L, Berbée JFP, Deboer T, Meijer JH, de Vries MR, Vreeken D, van Gils JM, Willems van Dijk K, van Kerkhof LWM, Lutgens E, Biermasz NR, Rensen PCN, Kooijman S. Disruption of circadian rhythm by alternating light-dark cycles aggravates atherosclerosis development in APOE*3-Leiden.CETP mice. J Pineal Res 2020; 68:e12614. [PMID: 31599473 PMCID: PMC6916424 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Disruption of circadian rhythm by means of shift work has been associated with cardiovascular disease in humans. However, causality and underlying mechanisms have not yet been established. In this study, we exposed hyperlipidemic APOE*3-Leiden.CETP mice to either regular light-dark cycles, weekly 6 hours phase advances or delays, or weekly alternating light-dark cycles (12 hours shifts), as a well-established model for shift work. We found that mice exposed to 15 weeks of alternating light-dark cycles displayed a striking increase in atherosclerosis, with an approximately twofold increase in lesion size and severity, while mice exposed to phase advances and delays showed a milder circadian disruption and no significant effect on atherosclerosis development. We observed a higher lesion macrophage content in mice exposed to alternating light-dark cycles without obvious changes in plasma lipids, suggesting involvement of the immune system. Moreover, while no changes in the number or activation status of circulating monocytes and other immune cells were observed, we identified increased markers for inflammation, oxidative stress, and chemoattraction in the vessel wall. Altogether, this is the first study to show that circadian disruption by shifting light-dark cycles directly aggravates atherosclerosis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaike Schilperoort
- Division of EndocrinologyDepartment of MedicineLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular MedicineLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Rosa van den Berg
- Division of EndocrinologyDepartment of MedicineLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular MedicineLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Laura A. Bosmans
- Department of Medical BiochemistryAmsterdam Cardiovascular SciencesAmsterdam University Medical CentreUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Bram W. van Os
- Department of Medical BiochemistryAmsterdam Cardiovascular SciencesAmsterdam University Medical CentreUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Martijn E. T. Dollé
- Centre for Health ProtectionNational Institute for Public Health and the EnvironmentBilthovenThe Netherlands
- Department of Molecular MedicineUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTXUSA
| | - Noortje A. M. Smits
- Center for Infectious Disease ControlNational Institute for Public Health and the EnvironmentBilthovenThe Netherlands
| | - Teun Guichelaar
- Center for Infectious Disease ControlNational Institute for Public Health and the EnvironmentBilthovenThe Netherlands
| | - Debbie van Baarle
- Center for Infectious Disease ControlNational Institute for Public Health and the EnvironmentBilthovenThe Netherlands
| | - Lotte Koemans
- Division of EndocrinologyDepartment of MedicineLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular MedicineLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Jimmy F. P. Berbée
- Division of EndocrinologyDepartment of MedicineLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular MedicineLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Tom Deboer
- Department of Molecular Cell BiologyLaboratory for NeurophysiologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Johanna H. Meijer
- Department of Molecular Cell BiologyLaboratory for NeurophysiologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Margreet R. de Vries
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular MedicineLeidenThe Netherlands
- Department of SurgeryLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Dianne Vreeken
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular MedicineLeidenThe Netherlands
- Division of NephrologyDepartment of MedicineLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Janine M. van Gils
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular MedicineLeidenThe Netherlands
- Division of NephrologyDepartment of MedicineLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Ko Willems van Dijk
- Division of EndocrinologyDepartment of MedicineLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular MedicineLeidenThe Netherlands
- Department of Human GeneticsLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Linda W. M. van Kerkhof
- Centre for Health ProtectionNational Institute for Public Health and the EnvironmentBilthovenThe Netherlands
| | - Esther Lutgens
- Department of Medical BiochemistryAmsterdam Cardiovascular SciencesAmsterdam University Medical CentreUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK)Ludwig‐Maximilians‐UniversitätMunichGermany
| | - Nienke R. Biermasz
- Division of EndocrinologyDepartment of MedicineLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular MedicineLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Patrick C. N. Rensen
- Division of EndocrinologyDepartment of MedicineLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular MedicineLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Sander Kooijman
- Division of EndocrinologyDepartment of MedicineLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular MedicineLeidenThe Netherlands
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Zhong LX, Li XN, Yang GY, Zhang X, Li WX, Zhang QQ, Pan HX, Zhang HH, Zhou MY, Wang YD, Zhang WW, Hu QS, Zhu W, Zhang B. Circadian misalignment alters insulin sensitivity during the light phase and shifts glucose tolerance rhythms in female mice. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225813. [PMID: 31851682 PMCID: PMC6919582 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Shift work and jet lag, characterized by circadian misalignment, can disrupt several physiological activities, but whether they affect the rhythm of glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity remain unclear. In the present study, female C57BL/6J mice were maintained for four weeks under the condition of 8-hour phase advance and delay every 3–4 days to mimic shift work. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) and intraperitoneal insulin tolerance test (IPITT) were performed repeatedly at Zeitgeber time (ZT) 0, ZT6, ZT12, and ZT18. Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) test was performed at ZT6. We found that the average level of daily glucose tolerance did not decrease but the phase of glucose tolerance advanced by 2.27 hours and the amplitude attenuated by 20.4% in shift work mice. At ZT6, IPITT showed blood glucose at 30 min after insulin injection decreased faster in shift work mice (−3.50±0.74mmol/L, −61.58±7.89%) than that in control mice (−2.11±1.10mmol/L, −33.72±17.24%), but IPGTT and GSIS test showed no significant difference between the two groups. Food intake monitor showed that the feeding time of shift work mice continued to advance. Restricting feed to a fixed 12-hour period alleviated the increase of insulin sensitivity induced by shift-work. We also observed that an increase of blood glucose and liver glycogen at ZT0, as well as a phase advance of liver clock genes and some glucose metabolism-related genes such as forkhead box O1 (Foxo1) and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (Pparα) in shift work mice. Our results showed that light change-simulated shift work altered insulin sensitivity during the light phase and shifted glucose tolerance rhythms in female mice, suggesting a causal association between long-term shift work and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Xin Zhong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Toxicology, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Food Safety and Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Na Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guang-Yu Yang
- Department of Toxicology, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Toxicology, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen-Xue Li
- Department of Toxicology, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qian-Qian Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huan-Xin Pan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Toxicology, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui-Hong Zhang
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Meng-Ya Zhou
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi-Ding Wang
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei-Wei Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qian-Sheng Hu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Toxicology, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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26
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Kentish SJ, Christie S, Vincent A, Li H, Wittert GA, Page AJ. Disruption of the light cycle ablates diurnal rhythms in gastric vagal afferent mechanosensitivity. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2019; 31:e13711. [PMID: 31509314 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric vagal afferents (GVAs) respond to mechanical stimulation, initiating satiety. These afferents exhibit diurnal fluctuations in mechanosensitivity, facilitating food intake during the dark phase in rodents. In humans, desynchrony of diurnal rhythms (eg, shift work) is associated with a higher risk of obesity. To test the hypothesis that shift work disrupts satiety signaling, the effect of a rotating light cycles on diurnal rhythms in GVA mechanosensitivity in lean and high-fat diet (HDF)-induced obese mice was determined. METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice were fed standard laboratory diet (SLD) or HFD for 12 weeks. After 4 weeks, mice were randomly allocated to a normal light (NL; 12 hour light: 12 hour dark; lights on at zeitgeber time [ZT] 0) or rotating light (RL; 3-day NL cycle, 4-day reversed light cycle [lights on: ZT12] repeated) cycle for 8 weeks. At week 12, eight mice from each group were housed in metabolic cages. After 12 weeks, ex vivo GVA recordings were taken at 3 hour intervals starting at ZT0. KEY RESULTS SLD-RL and HFD-RL gained more weight compared to SLD-NL and HFD-NL mice, respectively. Gonadal fat pad mass was higher in SLD-RL compared to SLD-NL mice. In SLD-NL mice, tension and mucosal receptor mechanosensitivity exhibited diurnal rhythms with a peak at ZT9. These rhythms were lost in SLD-RL, HFD-NL, and HFD-RL mice and associated with dampened diurnal rhythms in food intake. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES GVA diurnal rhythms are susceptible to disturbances in the light cycle and/or the obese state. This may underpin the observed changes in feeding behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Kentish
- Vagal Afferent Research Group, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Stewart Christie
- Vagal Afferent Research Group, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Andrew Vincent
- Nutrition, Diabetes & Metabolism, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Hui Li
- Vagal Afferent Research Group, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Nutrition, Diabetes & Metabolism, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Gary A Wittert
- Nutrition, Diabetes & Metabolism, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Amanda J Page
- Vagal Afferent Research Group, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Nutrition, Diabetes & Metabolism, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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27
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Time-restricted feeding improves adaptation to chronically alternating light-dark cycles. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7874. [PMID: 31133707 PMCID: PMC6536683 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44398-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Disturbance of the circadian clock has been associated with increased risk of cardio-metabolic disorders. Previous studies showed that optimal timing of food intake can improve metabolic health. We hypothesized that time-restricted feeding could be a strategy to minimize long term adverse metabolic health effects of shift work and jetlag. In this study, we exposed female FVB mice to weekly alternating light-dark cycles (i.e. 12 h shifts) combined with ad libitum feeding, dark phase feeding or feeding at a fixed clock time, in the original dark phase. In contrast to our expectations, long-term disturbance of the circadian clock had only modest effects on metabolic parameters. Mice fed at a fixed time showed a delayed adaptation compared to ad libitum fed animals, in terms of the similarity in 24 h rhythm of core body temperature, in weeks when food was only available in the light phase. This was accompanied by increased plasma triglyceride levels and decreased energy expenditure, indicating a less favorable metabolic state. On the other hand, dark phase feeding accelerated adaptation of core body temperature and activity rhythms, however, did not improve the metabolic state of animals compared to ad libitum feeding. Taken together, restricting food intake to the active dark phase enhanced adaptation to shifts in the light-dark schedule, without significantly affecting metabolic parameters.
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Clarkson-Townsend DA, Everson TM, Deyssenroth MA, Burt AA, Hermetz KE, Hao K, Chen J, Marsit CJ. Maternal circadian disruption is associated with variation in placental DNA methylation. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215745. [PMID: 31026301 PMCID: PMC6485638 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian disruption is a common environmental and occupational exposure with public health consequences, but not much is known about whether circadian disruption affects in utero development. We investigated whether maternal circadian disruption, using night shift work as a proxy, is associated with variations in DNA methylation patterns of placental tissue in an epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) of night shift work. Here, we compared cytosine-guanosine dinucleotide (CpG) specific methylation genome-wide of placental tissue (measured with the Illumina 450K array) from participants (n = 237) in the Rhode Island Child Health Study (RICHS) who did (n = 53) and did not (n = 184) report working the night shift, using robust linear modeling and adjusting for maternal age, pre-pregnancy smoking, infant sex, maternal adversity, and putative cell mixture. Statistical analyses were adjusted for multiple comparisons and results presented with Bonferroni or Benjamini and Hochberg (BH) adjustment for false discovery rate. Night shift work was associated with differential methylation in placental tissue, including CpG sites in the genes NAV1, SMPD1, TAPBP, CLEC16A, DIP2C, FAM172A, and PLEKHG6 (Bonferroni-adjusted p<0.05). CpG sites within NAV1, MXRA8, GABRG1, PRDM16, WNT5A, and FOXG1 exhibited the most hypomethylation, while CpG sites within TDO2, ADAMTSL3, DLX2, and SERPINA1 exhibited the most hypermethylation (BH q<0.10). Functional analysis indicated GO-terms associated with cell-cell adhesion and enriched GWAS results for psoriasis. Night shift work was associated with differential methylation of the placenta, which may have implications for fetal health and development. This is the first study to examine the epigenetic impacts of night shift exposure, as a proxy for circadian disruption, on placental methylation in humans, and, while results should be interpreted with caution, suggests circadian disruption may have epigenetic impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle A. Clarkson-Townsend
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Todd M. Everson
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Maya A. Deyssenroth
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Amber A. Burt
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Karen E. Hermetz
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Ke Hao
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Jia Chen
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Carmen J. Marsit
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Insulin resistance is a main determinant in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus and a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The circadian timing system consists of a central brain clock in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus and various peripheral tissue clocks. The circadian timing system is responsible for the coordination of many daily processes, including the daily rhythm in human glucose metabolism. The central clock regulates food intake, energy expenditure and whole-body insulin sensitivity, and these actions are further fine-tuned by local peripheral clocks. For instance, the peripheral clock in the gut regulates glucose absorption, peripheral clocks in muscle, adipose tissue and liver regulate local insulin sensitivity, and the peripheral clock in the pancreas regulates insulin secretion. Misalignment between different components of the circadian timing system and daily rhythms of sleep-wake behaviour or food intake as a result of genetic, environmental or behavioural factors might be an important contributor to the development of insulin resistance. Specifically, clock gene mutations, exposure to artificial light-dark cycles, disturbed sleep, shift work and social jet lag are factors that might contribute to circadian disruption. Here, we review the physiological links between circadian clocks, glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity, and present current evidence for a relationship between circadian disruption and insulin resistance. We conclude by proposing several strategies that aim to use chronobiological knowledge to improve human metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Jan Stenvers
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Frank A J L Scheer
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Patrick Schrauwen
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Susanne E la Fleur
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Laboratory for Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Royal Dutch Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Andries Kalsbeek
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
- Laboratory for Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Royal Dutch Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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de Goede P, Foppen E, Ritsema WIGR, Korpel NL, Yi CX, Kalsbeek A. Time-Restricted Feeding Improves Glucose Tolerance in Rats, but Only When in Line With the Circadian Timing System. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:554. [PMID: 31496992 PMCID: PMC6712481 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies indicate that shift-workers have an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity both are dependent on the circadian timing system (i.e., the time-of-day) and fasting duration, in rodents as well as humans. Therefore, question is whether manipulation of the circadian timing system, for example by changing the timing of feeding and fasting, is a potential preventive treatment for T2DM. Time-restricted feeding (TRF) is well-known to have profound effects on various metabolic measures, including glucose metabolism. However, experiments that directly measure the effects of TRF on glucose tolerance and/or insulin sensitivity at different time points throughout the 24 h cycle are lacking. Here we show, in rats, that TRF in line with the circadian timing system (i.e., feeding during the active phase) improves glucose tolerance during intravenous glucose tolerance tests (ivGTT) in the active phase, as lower insulin levels were observed with similar levels of glucose clearance. However, this was not the case during the inactive phase in which more insulin was released but only a slightly faster glucose clearance was observed. Contrasting, TRF out of sync with the circadian timing system (i.e., feeding during the inactive phase) worsened glucose tolerance, although only marginally, likely because of adaptation to the 4 week TRF regimen. Our results show that TRF can improve glucose metabolism, but strict adherence to the time-restricted feeding period is necessary, as outside the regular eating hours glucose tolerance is worsened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul de Goede
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), An Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ewout Foppen
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), An Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wayne I. G. R. Ritsema
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), An Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nikita L. Korpel
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), An Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Chun-Xia Yi
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Andries Kalsbeek
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), An Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Andries Kalsbeek
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Christie S, Vincent AD, Li H, Frisby CL, Kentish SJ, O'Rielly R, Wittert GA, Page AJ. A rotating light cycle promotes weight gain and hepatic lipid storage in mice. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2018; 315:G932-G942. [PMID: 30188750 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00020.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Processes involved in regulation of energy balance and intermediary metabolism are aligned to the light-dark cycle. Shift-work and high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity disrupt circadian rhythmicity and are associated with increased risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. This study aimed to determine the effect of simulating shift work on hepatic lipid accumulation in lean and HFD mice. C57BL/6 mice fed a standard laboratory diet (SLD) or HFD for 4 wk were further allocated to a normal light (NL) cycle (lights on: 0600-1800) or rotating light (RL) cycle [3 days NL and 4 days reversed (lights on: 1800-0600) repeated] for 8 wk. Tissue was collected every 3 h beginning at 0600. HFD mice gained more weight than SLD mice, and RL mice gained more weight than NL mice. SLD-NL and HFD-NL mice, but not RL mice, were more active, had higher respiratory quotients, and consumed/expended more energy during the dark phase compared with the light phase. Blood glucose and plasma cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were elevated in HFD and SLD-RL compared with SLD-NL mice. Hepatic glycogen was elevated in HFD compared with SLD mice. Hepatic triglycerides were elevated in SLD-RL and HFD mice compared with SLD-NL. Circadian rhythmicity of hepatic acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACACA) mRNA was phase shifted in SLD-RL and HFD-NL and lost in HFD-RL mice. Hepatic ACACA protein was reduced in SLD-RL and HFD mice compared with SLD-NL mice. Hepatic adipose triglyceride lipase was elevated in HFD-NL compared with SLD-NL but lower in RL mice compared with NL mice irrespective of diet. In conclusion, an RL cycle model of shift work promotes weight gain and hepatic lipid storage even in lean conditions. NEW & NOTEWORTHY In this publication we describe the effects of a rotating light cycle model of shift work in lean and high-fat diet-induced obese mice on body mass, diurnal patterns of energy intake and expenditure, and hepatic lipid storage. The data indicate that modeling shift work, via a rotating light cycle, promotes weight gain and hepatic lipid accumulation even in mice on a standard laboratory diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stewart Christie
- Vagal Afferent Research Group, Centre for Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Disease, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide , Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Andrew D Vincent
- Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide , Adelaide, South Australia.,Nutrition and Metabolism, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute , Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Hui Li
- Vagal Afferent Research Group, Centre for Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Disease, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide , Adelaide, South Australia.,Nutrition and Metabolism, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute , Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Claudine L Frisby
- Vagal Afferent Research Group, Centre for Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Disease, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide , Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Stephen J Kentish
- Vagal Afferent Research Group, Centre for Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Disease, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide , Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Rebecca O'Rielly
- Vagal Afferent Research Group, Centre for Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Disease, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide , Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Gary A Wittert
- Vagal Afferent Research Group, Centre for Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Disease, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide , Adelaide, South Australia.,Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide , Adelaide, South Australia.,Nutrition and Metabolism, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute , Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Amanda J Page
- Vagal Afferent Research Group, Centre for Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Disease, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide , Adelaide, South Australia.,Nutrition and Metabolism, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute , Adelaide, South Australia
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32
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de Goede P, Sen S, Su Y, Foppen E, Poirel VJ, Challet E, Kalsbeek A. An Ultradian Feeding Schedule in Rats Affects Metabolic Gene Expression in Liver, Brown Adipose Tissue and Skeletal Muscle with Only Mild Effects on Circadian Clocks. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3171. [PMID: 30326619 PMCID: PMC6214081 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Restricted feeding is well known to affect expression profiles of both clock and metabolic genes. However, it is unknown whether these changes in metabolic gene expression result from changes in the molecular clock or in feeding behavior. Here we eliminated the daily rhythm in feeding behavior by providing 6 meals evenly distributed over the light/dark-cycle. Animals on this 6-meals-a-day feeding schedule retained the normal day/night difference in physiological parameters including body temperature and locomotor activity. The daily rhythm in respiratory exchange ratio (RER), however, was significantly phase-shifted through increased utilization of carbohydrates during the light phase and increased lipid oxidation during the dark phase. This 6-meals-a-day feeding schedule did not have a major impact on the clock gene expression rhythms in the master clock, but did have mild effects on peripheral clocks. In contrast, genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism showed differential expression. In conclusion, eliminating the daily rhythm in feeding behavior in rats does not affect the master clock and only mildly affects peripheral clocks, but disturbs metabolic rhythms in liver, skeletal muscle and brown adipose tissue in a tissue-dependent manner. Thereby, a clear daily rhythm in feeding behavior strongly regulates timing of peripheral metabolism, separately from circadian clocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul de Goede
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands.
| | - Satish Sen
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands.
- Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Amsterdam 1105 BA, The Netherlands.
- Circadian Clocks & Metabolism Team, Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, UPR3212, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67000, France.
| | - Yan Su
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands.
- Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Amsterdam 1105 BA, The Netherlands.
| | - Ewout Foppen
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands.
- Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Amsterdam 1105 BA, The Netherlands.
| | - Vincent-Joseph Poirel
- Melatonin and Seasonal Rhythms Team, Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, UPR3212, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67000, France.
| | - Etienne Challet
- Circadian Clocks & Metabolism Team, Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, UPR3212, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67000, France.
| | - Andries Kalsbeek
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands.
- Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Amsterdam 1105 BA, The Netherlands.
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands.
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Santoso P, Nakata M, Ueta Y, Yada T. Suprachiasmatic vasopressin to paraventricular oxytocin neurocircuit in the hypothalamus relays light reception to inhibit feeding behavior. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 315:E478-E488. [PMID: 28174180 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00338.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Light synchronizes the body's circadian rhythms by modulating the master clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus. In modern lifestyles that run counter to normal circadian rhythms, the extended and/or irregular light exposure impairs circadian rhythms and, consequently, promotes feeding and metabolic disorders. However, the neuronal pathway through which light is coupled to feeding behavior is less elucidated. The present study employed the light exposure during the dark phase of the day in rats and observed its effect on neuronal activity and feeding behavior. Light exposure acutely suppressed food intake and elevated c-Fos expression in the AVP neurons of SCN and the oxytocin (Oxt) neurons of paraventricular nucleus (PVN) in the hypothalamus. The light-induced suppression of food intake was abolished by blockade of the Oxt receptor in the brain. Retrograde tracer analysis demonstrated the projection of SCN AVP neurons to the PVN. Furthermore, intracerebroventricular injection of AVP suppressed food intake and increased c-Fos in PVN Oxt neurons. Intra-PVN injection of AVP exerted a stronger anorexigenic effect than intracerebroventriclar injection. AVP also induced intracellular Ca2+ signaling and increased firing frequency in Oxt neurons in PVN slices. These results reveal the novel neurocircuit from SCN AVP to PVN Oxt that relays light reception to inhibition of feeding behavior. This light-induced neurocircuit may serve as a pathway for forming the circadian feeding rhythm and linking irregular light exposure to arrhythmic feeding and, consequently, obesity and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Putra Santoso
- Department of Physiology, Division of Integrative Physiology, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Tochigi , Japan
| | - Masanori Nakata
- Department of Physiology, Division of Integrative Physiology, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Tochigi , Japan
| | - Yoichi Ueta
- Department of Physiology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health , Kitakyushu , Japan
| | - Toshihiko Yada
- Department of Physiology, Division of Integrative Physiology, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Tochigi , Japan
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34
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Takeishi K, Kawaguchi H, Akioka K, Noguchi M, Arimura E, Abe M, Ushikai M, Okita S, Tanimoto A, Horiuchi M. Effects of Dietary and Lighting Conditions on Diurnal Locomotor Activity and Body Temperature in Microminipigs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 32:55-62. [PMID: 29275299 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The effects of dietary and lighting conditions on diurnal rhythm of locomotor activity (LA) and body temperature (BT) using four adult male microminipigs were investigated. Different feeding times, diet and lighting conditions were applied sequentially for 3 weeks in each phase as follows: Phase I: Morning mealtime, normal diet, 12-h lights on; phase II: mealtime changed to afternoon; phase III: diet changed to high-fat diet; phase IV: lighting changed to 20-h on; and phase V: phase I repeated. LA was measured by an actigraph which was worn on the body of each pig. A BT recording module (Thermochron Type-SL) was implanted in the neck subcutaneously. Phase II increased BT compared with phase I. Phase III increased LA and BT compared with phase II. Phase IV increased LA compared with phase III. LA in phase V was higher compared with phase I. These results can be extrapolated to other diurnal animals such as humans. This study provides an example of the effects of diet and lighting on biological activities in microminipigs under low-invasive procedures measuring LA and BT, leading to low variations in these measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaichiro Takeishi
- Department of Hygiene and Health Promotion Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kawaguchi
- Department of Hygiene and Health Promotion Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kohei Akioka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Histopathology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Michiko Noguchi
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Emi Arimura
- Department of Hygiene and Health Promotion Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.,Department of Life and Environmental Science, Kagoshima Prefectural College, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Masaharu Abe
- Department of Hygiene and Health Promotion Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Miharu Ushikai
- Department of Hygiene and Health Promotion Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Shinobu Okita
- Department of Hygiene and Health Promotion Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Akihide Tanimoto
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Masahisa Horiuchi
- Department of Hygiene and Health Promotion Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
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35
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Borck PC, Batista TM, Vettorazzi JF, Soares GM, Lubaczeuski C, Guan D, Boschero AC, Vieira E, Lazar MA, Carneiro EM. Nighttime light exposure enhances Rev-erbα-targeting microRNAs and contributes to hepatic steatosis. Metabolism 2018; 85:250-258. [PMID: 29751019 PMCID: PMC6145802 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The exposure to artificial light at night (ALAN) disrupts the biological rhythms and has been associated with the development of metabolic syndrome. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) display a critical role in fine-tuning the circadian system and energy metabolism. In this study, we aimed to assess whether altered miRNAs expression in the liver underlies metabolic disorders caused by disrupted biological rhythms. RESULTS We found that C3H/HePas mice exposed to ALAN developed obesity, and hepatic steatosis, which was paralleled by decreased expression of Rev-erbα and up-regulation of its lipogenic targets ACL and FAS in liver. Furthermore, the expression of Rev-erbα-targeting miRNAs, miR-140-5p, 185-5p, 326-5p and 328-5p were increased in this group. Consistently, overexpression of these miRNAs in primary hepatocytes reduced Rev-erbα expression at the mRNA and protein levels. Importantly, overexpression of Rev-erbα-targeting miRNAs increased mRNA levels of Acly and Fasn. CONCLUSION Thus, altered miRNAs profile is an important mechanism underlying the disruption of the peripheral clock caused by exposure to ALAN, which could lead to hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia C Borck
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas/UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil; Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas/UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Thiago M Batista
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas/UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil; Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas/UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Jean F Vettorazzi
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas/UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil; Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas/UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriela M Soares
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas/UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil; Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas/UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila Lubaczeuski
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas/UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil; Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas/UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Dongyin Guan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine and the Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Antonio C Boschero
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas/UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil; Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas/UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Elaine Vieira
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Universidade Católica de Brasília - UCB, DF, Brazil
| | - Mitchell A Lazar
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine and the Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Everardo M Carneiro
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas/UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil; Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas/UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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36
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Rempe MJ, Grønli J, Pedersen TT, Mrdalj J, Marti A, Meerlo P, Wisor JP. Mathematical modeling of sleep state dynamics in a rodent model of shift work. Neurobiol Sleep Circadian Rhythms 2018; 5:37-51. [PMID: 31236510 PMCID: PMC6584688 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbscr.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Millions of people worldwide are required to work when their physiology is tuned for sleep. By forcing wakefulness out of the body’s normal schedule, shift workers face numerous adverse health consequences, including gastrointestinal problems, sleep problems, and higher rates of some diseases, including cancers. Recent studies have developed protocols to simulate shift work in rodents with the intention of assessing the effects of night-shift work on subsequent sleep (Grønli et al., 2017). These studies have already provided important contributions to the understanding of the metabolic consequences of shift work (Arble et al., 2015; Marti et al., 2016; Opperhuizen et al., 2015) and sleep-wake-specific impacts of night-shift work (Grønli et al., 2017). However, our understanding of the causal mechanisms underlying night-shift-related sleep disturbances is limited. In order to advance toward a mechanistic understanding of sleep disruption in shift work, we model these data with two different approaches. First we apply a simple homeostatic model to quantify differences in the rates at which sleep need, as measured by slow wave activity during slow wave sleep (SWS) rises and falls. Second, we develop a simple and novel mathematical model of rodent sleep and use it to investigate the timing of sleep in a simulated shift work protocol (Grønli et al., 2017). This mathematical framework includes the circadian and homeostatic processes of the two-process model, but additionally incorporates a stochastic process to model the polyphasic nature of rodent sleep. By changing only the time at which the rodents are forced to be awake, the model reproduces some key experimental results from the previous study, including correct proportions of time spent in each stage of sleep as a function of circadian time and the differences in total wake time and SWS bout durations in the rodents representing night-shift workers and those representing day-shift workers. Importantly, the model allows for deeper insight into circadian and homeostatic influences on sleep timing, as it demonstrates that the differences in SWS bout duration between rodents in the two shifts is largely a circadian effect. Our study shows the importance of mathematical modeling in uncovering mechanisms behind shift work sleep disturbances and it begins to lay a foundation for future mathematical modeling of sleep in rodents. Millions of people worldwide are required to work when their physiology is tuned for sleep. Enforcing wakefulness during this time leads to numerous adverse health consequences including sleep problems and higher rates of some diseases. Rodent models of shift work have illuminated some of the effects of night shift work on subsequent sleep. This study uses mathematical modeling to accurately simulate rodent sleep during baseline and shift work conditions. A simple mathematical framework can help us understand possible mechanisms underlying the sleep disturbances seen in shift work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Rempe
- Sleep and Performance Research Center, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA.,Dept. of Mathematics and Computer Science, Whitworth University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Janne Grønli
- Sleep and Performance Research Center, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA.,Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Torhild Thue Pedersen
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jelena Mrdalj
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Andrea Marti
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Peter Meerlo
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jonathan P Wisor
- Sleep and Performance Research Center, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA.,Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
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37
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Astiz M, Oster H. Perinatal Programming of Circadian Clock-Stress Crosstalk. Neural Plast 2018; 2018:5689165. [PMID: 29593783 PMCID: PMC5822916 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5689165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
An intact communication between circadian clocks and the stress system is important for maintaining physiological homeostasis under resting conditions and in response to external stimuli. There is accumulating evidence for a reciprocal interaction between both-from the systemic to the molecular level. Disruption of this interaction by external factors such as shiftwork, jetlag, or chronic stress increases the risk of developing metabolic, immune, or mood disorders. From experiments in rodents, we know that both systems maturate during the perinatal period. During that time, exogenous factors such as stress or alterations in the external photoperiod may critically affect-or program-physiological functions later in life. This developmental programming process has been attributed to maternal stress signals reaching the embryo, which lastingly change gene expression through the induction of epigenetic mechanisms. Despite the well-known function of the adult circadian system in temporal coordination of physiology and behavior, the role of maternal and embryonic circadian clocks during pregnancy and postnatal development is still poorly defined. A better understanding of the circadian-stress crosstalk at different periods of development may help to improve stress resistance and devise preventive and therapeutic strategies against chronic stress-associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Astiz
- Institute of Neurobiology, Center of Brain, Behavior & Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Marie-Curie Street, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Henrik Oster
- Institute of Neurobiology, Center of Brain, Behavior & Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Marie-Curie Street, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
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38
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Rhoades SD, Nayak K, Zhang SL, Sehgal A, Weljie AM. Circadian- and Light-driven Metabolic Rhythms in Drosophila melanogaster. J Biol Rhythms 2018; 33:126-136. [PMID: 29355066 DOI: 10.1177/0748730417753003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Complex interactions of environmental cues and transcriptional clocks drive rhythmicity in organismal physiology. Light directly affects the circadian clock; however, little is known about its relative role in controlling metabolic variations in vivo. Here we used high time-resolution sampling in Drosophila at every 2 h to measure metabolite outputs using a liquid-chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) approach. Over 14% of detected metabolites oscillated with circadian periodicity under light-dark (LD) cycles. Many metabolites peaked shortly after lights-on, suggesting responsiveness to feeding and/or activity rather than the preactivity anticipation, as observed in previous transcriptomics analyses. Roughly 9% of measured metabolites uniquely oscillated under constant darkness (DD), suggesting that metabolite rhythms are associated with the transcriptional clock machinery. Strikingly, metabolome differences between LD and constant darkness were observed only during the light phase, highlighting the importance of photic input. Clock mutant flies exhibited strong 12-h ultradian rhythms, including 4 carbohydrate species with circadian periods in wild-type flies, but lacked 24-h circadian metabolic oscillations. A meta-analysis of these results with previous circadian metabolomics experiments uncovered the possibility of conserved rhythms in amino acids, keto-acids, and sugars across flies, mice, and humans and provides a basis for exploring the chrono-metabolic connection with powerful genetic tools in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth D Rhoades
- Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Katrina Nayak
- Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Georgetown University School of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Shirley L Zhang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Penn Chronobiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Amita Sehgal
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Penn Chronobiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Aalim M Weljie
- Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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39
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Shift-work: is time of eating determining metabolic health? Evidence from animal models. Proc Nutr Soc 2018; 77:199-215. [DOI: 10.1017/s0029665117004128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The circadian disruption in shift-workers is suggested to be a risk factor to develop overweight and metabolic dysfunction. The conflicting time signals given by shifted activity, shifted food intake and exposure to light at night occurring in the shift-worker are proposed to be the cause for the loss of internal synchrony and the consequent adverse effects on body weight and metabolism. Because food elicited signals have proven to be potent entraining signals for peripheral oscillations, here we review the findings from experimental models of shift-work and verify whether they provide evidence about the causal association between shifted feeding schedules, circadian disruption and altered metabolism. We found mainly four experimental models that mimic the conditions of shift-work: protocols of forced sleep deprivation, of forced activity during the normal rest phase, exposure to light at night and shifted food timing. A big variability in the intensity and duration of the protocols was observed, which led to a diversity of effects. A common result was the disruption of temporal patterns of activity; however, not all studies explored the temporal patterns of food intake. According to studies that evaluate time of food intake as an experimental model of shift-work and studies that evaluate shifted food consumption, time of food intake may be a determining factor for the loss of balance at the circadian and metabolic level.
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40
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Central Circadian Clock Regulates Energy Metabolism. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1090:79-103. [PMID: 30390286 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-1286-1_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Our body not only responds to environmental changes but also anticipates them. The light and dark cycle with the period of about 24 h is a recurring environmental change that determines the diurnal variation in food availability and safety from predators in nature. As a result, the circadian clock is evolved in most animals to align locomotor behaviors and energy metabolism with the light cue. The central circadian clock in mammals is located at the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus in the brain. We here review the molecular and anatomic architecture of the central circadian clock in mammals, describe the experimental and observational evidence that suggests a critical role of the central circadian clock in shaping systemic energy metabolism, and discuss the involvement of endocrine factors, neuropeptides, and the autonomic nervous system in the metabolic functions of the central circadian clock.
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41
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Nunez AA, Yan L, Smale L. The Cost of Activity during the Rest Phase: Animal Models and Theoretical Perspectives. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:72. [PMID: 29563894 PMCID: PMC5845863 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
For humans, activity during the night is correlated with multiple pathologies that may reflect a lack of harmony among components of the circadian system; however, it remains difficult to identify causal links between nocturnal activity and different pathologies based on the data available from epidemiological studies. Animal models that use forced activity or timed sleep deprivation provide evidence of circadian disruptions that may be at the core of the health risks faced by human night and shift workers. One valuable insight from that work is the importance of changes in the distribution of food intake as a cause of metabolic imbalances associated with activity during the natural rest phase. Limitations of those models stem from the use of only nocturnal laboratory rodents and the fact that they do not replicate situations in which humans engage in work with high cognitive demands or engage voluntarily in nocturnal activity (i.e., human eveningness). Temporal niche switches by rodents have been observed in the wild and interpreted as adaptive responses to energetic challenges, but possible negative outcomes, similar to those associated with human eveningness, have not been systematically studied. Species in which a proportion of animals shows a switch from a day-active to a night-active (e.g., grass rats) when given access to running wheels provide a unique opportunity to model human eveningness in a diurnal rodent. In particular, the mosaic of phases of brain oscillators in night-active grass rats may provide clues about the circadian challenges faced by humans who show voluntary nocturnal wakefulness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio A. Nunez
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- *Correspondence: Antonio A. Nunez,
| | - Lily Yan
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Laura Smale
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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Plano SA, Casiraghi LP, García Moro P, Paladino N, Golombek DA, Chiesa JJ. Circadian and Metabolic Effects of Light: Implications in Weight Homeostasis and Health. Front Neurol 2017; 8:558. [PMID: 29097992 PMCID: PMC5653694 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Daily interactions between the hypothalamic circadian clock at the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and peripheral circadian oscillators regulate physiology and metabolism to set temporal variations in homeostatic regulation. Phase coherence of these circadian oscillators is achieved by the entrainment of the SCN to the environmental 24-h light:dark (LD) cycle, coupled through downstream neural, neuroendocrine, and autonomic outputs. The SCN coordinate activity and feeding rhythms, thus setting the timing of food intake, energy expenditure, thermogenesis, and active and basal metabolism. In this work, we will discuss evidences exploring the impact of different photic entrainment conditions on energy metabolism. The steady-state interaction between the LD cycle and the SCN is essential for health and wellbeing, as its chronic misalignment disrupts the circadian organization at different levels. For instance, in nocturnal rodents, non-24 h protocols (i.e., LD cycles of different durations, or chronic jet-lag simulations) might generate forced desynchronization of oscillators from the behavioral to the metabolic level. Even seemingly subtle photic manipulations, as the exposure to a “dim light” scotophase, might lead to similar alterations. The daily amount of light integrated by the clock (i.e., the photophase duration) strongly regulates energy metabolism in photoperiodic species. Removing LD cycles under either constant light or darkness, which are routine protocols in chronobiology, can also affect metabolism, and the same happens with disrupted LD cycles (like shiftwork of jetlag) and artificial light at night in humans. A profound knowledge of the photic and metabolic inputs to the clock, as well as its endocrine and autonomic outputs to peripheral oscillators driving energy metabolism, will help us to understand and alleviate circadian health alterations including cardiometabolic diseases, diabetes, and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago A Plano
- Chronophysiology Laboratory, Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED - CONICET), School of Medical Sciences, Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Laboratorio de Cronobiología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leandro P Casiraghi
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula García Moro
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natalia Paladino
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego A Golombek
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan J Chiesa
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Marti AR, Patil S, Mrdalj J, Meerlo P, Skrede S, Pallesen S, Pedersen TT, Bramham CR, Grønli J. No Escaping the Rat Race: Simulated Night Shift Work Alters the Time-of-Day Variation in BMAL1 Translational Activity in the Prefrontal Cortex. Front Neural Circuits 2017; 11:70. [PMID: 29085284 PMCID: PMC5649179 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2017.00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Millions of people worldwide work during the night, resulting in disturbed circadian rhythms and sleep loss. This may cause deficits in cognitive functions, impaired alertness and increased risk of errors and accidents. Disturbed circadian rhythmicity resulting from night shift work could impair brain function and cognition through disrupted synthesis of proteins involved in synaptic plasticity and neuronal function. Recently, the circadian transcription factor brain-and-muscle arnt-like protein 1 (BMAL1) has been identified as a promoter of mRNA translation initiation, the most highly regulated step in protein synthesis, through binding to the mRNA “cap”. In this study we investigated the effects of simulated shift work on protein synthesis markers. Male rats (n = 40) were exposed to forced activity, either in their rest phase (simulated night shift work) or in their active phase (simulated day shift work) for 3 days. Following the third work shift, experimental animals and time-matched undisturbed controls were euthanized (rest work at ZT12; active work at ZT0). Tissue lysates from two brain regions (prefrontal cortex, PFC and hippocampus) implicated in cognition and sleep loss, were analyzed with m7GTP (cap) pull-down to examine time-of-day variation and effects of simulated shift work on cap-bound protein translation. The results show time-of-day variation of protein synthesis markers in PFC, with increased protein synthesis at ZT12. In the hippocampus there was little difference between ZT0 and ZT12. Active phase work did not induce statistically significant changes in protein synthesis markers at ZT0 compared to time-matched undisturbed controls. Rest work, however, resulted in distinct brain-region specific changes of protein synthesis markers compared to time-matched controls at ZT12. While no changes were observed in the hippocampus, phosphorylation of cap-bound BMAL1 and its regulator S6 kinase beta-1 (S6K1) was significantly reduced in the PFC, together with significant reduction in the synaptic plasticity associated protein activity-regulatedcytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc). Our results indicate considerable time-of-day and brain-region specific variation in cap-dependent translation initiation. We concludethat simulated night shift work in rats disrupts the pathways regulating the circadian component of the translation of mRNA in the PFC, and that this may partly explain impaired waking function during night shift work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea R Marti
- Bergen Stress and Sleep Group, Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sudarshan Patil
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,KG Jebsen Centre for Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jelena Mrdalj
- Bergen Stress and Sleep Group, Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Peter Meerlo
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Silje Skrede
- Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Section of Clinical Pharmacology, Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ståle Pallesen
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Torhild T Pedersen
- Bergen Stress and Sleep Group, Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Clive R Bramham
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,KG Jebsen Centre for Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Janne Grønli
- Bergen Stress and Sleep Group, Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Circadian disruption affects initial learning but not cognitive flexibility in an automated set-shifting task in adult Long-Evans rats. Physiol Behav 2017; 179:226-234. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Abstract
Female ovulation depends on a surge in circulating luteinizing hormone (LH) which occurs at the end of the resting period and requests high circulating estradiol. This fine tuning involves both an estradiol feedback as an indicator of oocyte maturation, and the master circadian clock of the suprachiasmatic nuclei as an indicator of the time of the day. This review describes the mechanisms through which daily time cues are conveyed to reproductive hypothalamic neurons to time the pre-ovulatory surge. In female rodents, neurotransmitters released by the suprachiasmatic nuclei activate the stimulatory kisspeptin neurons and reduce the inhibitory RFRP neurons precisely at the end of the afternoon of proestrus to allow a full surge in LH secretion. From these findings, the impact of circadian disruptions (during shift or night work) on female reproductive performance and fertility should now being investigated in both animal models and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Simonneaux
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, UPR CNRS 3212, 5 rue Blaise Pascal, 67084 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Thibault Bahougne
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, UPR CNRS 3212, 5 rue Blaise Pascal, 67084 Strasbourg, France; Service d'Endocrinologie et Diabète, Hôpital Civil, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Eleni Angelopoulou
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, UPR CNRS 3212, 5 rue Blaise Pascal, 67084 Strasbourg, France; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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de Goede P, Sen S, Oosterman JE, Foppen E, Jansen R, la Fleur SE, Challet E, Kalsbeek A. Differential effects of diet composition and timing of feeding behavior on rat brown adipose tissue and skeletal muscle peripheral clocks. Neurobiol Sleep Circadian Rhythms 2017; 4:24-33. [PMID: 31236504 PMCID: PMC6584485 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbscr.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of feeding behavior and diet composition, as well as their possible interactions, on daily (clock) gene expression rhythms have mainly been studied in the liver, and to a lesser degree in white adipose tissue (WAT), but hardly in other metabolic tissues such as skeletal muscle (SM) and brown adipose tissues (BAT). We therefore subjected male Wistar rats to a regular chow or free choice high-fat-high sugar (fcHFHS) diet in combination with time restricted feeding (TRF) to either the light or dark phase. In SM, all tested clock genes lost their rhythmic expression in the chow light fed group. In the fcHFHS light fed group rhythmic expression for some, but not all, clock genes was maintained, but shifted by several hours. In BAT the daily rhythmicity of clock genes was maintained for the light fed groups, but expression patterns were shifted as compared with ad libitum and dark fed groups, whilst the fcHFHS diet made the rhythmicity of clock genes become more pronounced. Most of the metabolic genes in BAT tissue tested did not show any rhythmic expression in either the chow or fcHFHS groups. In SM Pdk4 and Ucp3 were phase-shifted, but remained rhythmically expressed in the chow light fed groups. Rhythmic expression was lost for Ucp3 whilst on the fcHFHS diet during the light phase. In summary, both feeding at the wrong time of day and diet composition disturb the peripheral clocks in SM and BAT, but to different degrees and thereby result in a further desynchronization between metabolically active tissues such as SM, BAT, WAT and liver. Both timing of feeding and diet composition affect clock genes in BAT and SM. Light phase time-restricted feeding abolishes SM clock gene rhythms. A fcHSHS diet strengthens rhythmic expression of several clock genes in BAT and SM. Metabolic genes PDK4 and UCP1/3 are affected by both timing of feeding and diet. Light phase time-restricted feeding causes desynchronization of BAT and SM clocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul de Goede
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Satish Sen
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Regulation of Circadian Clocks team, Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, UPR3212, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Johanneke E Oosterman
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Metabolism and Reward, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ewout Foppen
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Remi Jansen
- Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Susanne E la Fleur
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Metabolism and Reward, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Etienne Challet
- Regulation of Circadian Clocks team, Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, UPR3212, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Andries Kalsbeek
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Wang D, Opperhuizen AL, Reznick J, Turner N, Su Y, Cooney GJ, Kalsbeek A. Effects of feeding time on daily rhythms of neuropeptide and clock gene expression in the rat hypothalamus. Brain Res 2017; 1671:93-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Opperhuizen AL, Stenvers DJ, Jansen RD, Foppen E, Fliers E, Kalsbeek A. Light at night acutely impairs glucose tolerance in a time-, intensity- and wavelength-dependent manner in rats. Diabetologia 2017; 60:1333-1343. [PMID: 28374068 PMCID: PMC5487588 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-017-4262-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Exposure to light at night (LAN) has increased dramatically in recent decades. Animal studies have shown that chronic dim LAN induced obesity and glucose intolerance. Furthermore, several studies in humans have demonstrated that chronic exposure to artificial LAN may have adverse health effects with an increased risk of metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes. It is well-known that acute exposure to LAN affects biological clock function, hormone secretion and the activity of the autonomic nervous system, but data on the effects of LAN on glucose homeostasis are lacking. This study aimed to investigate the acute effects of LAN on glucose metabolism. METHODS Male Wistar rats were subjected to i.v. glucose or insulin tolerance tests while exposed to 2 h of LAN in the early or late dark phase. In subsequent experiments, different light intensities and wavelengths were used. RESULTS LAN exposure early in the dark phase at ZT15 caused increased glucose responses during the first 20 min after glucose infusion (p < 0.001), whereas LAN exposure at the end of the dark phase, at ZT21, caused increased insulin responses during the first 10 min (p < 0.01), indicating that LAN immediately induces glucose intolerance in rats. Subsequent experiments demonstrated that the effect of LAN was both intensity- and wavelength-dependent. White light of 50 and 150 lx induced greater glucose responses than 5 and 20 lx, whereas all intensities other than 5 lx reduced locomotor activity. Green light induced glucose intolerance, but red and blue light did not, suggesting the involvement of a specific retina-brain pathway. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Together, these data show that exposure to LAN has acute adverse effects on glucose metabolism in a time-, intensity- and wavelength-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Loes Opperhuizen
- Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Centre (AMC) University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Dirk J Stenvers
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Centre (AMC) University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center (AMC) University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Remi D Jansen
- Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ewout Foppen
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Centre (AMC) University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center (AMC) University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eric Fliers
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center (AMC) University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Andries Kalsbeek
- Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Centre (AMC) University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center (AMC) University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Espitia-Bautista E, Velasco-Ramos M, Osnaya-Ramírez I, Ángeles-Castellanos M, Buijs RM, Escobar C. Social jet-lag potentiates obesity and metabolic syndrome when combined with cafeteria diet in rats. Metabolism 2017. [PMID: 28641787 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Modern lifestyle promotes shifted sleep onset and shifted wake up time between weekdays and weekends, producing a condition termed "social-jet lag." Disrupted sleep promotes increased appetite for carbohydrate and fat-rich food, which in long term leads to overweight, obesity and metabolic syndrome. In order to mimic the human situation we produced an experimental model of social-jet lag (Sj-l). With this model, we explored the link between shifted sleep time with consumption of a cafeteria diet (CafD) and the development of obesity and metabolic syndrome. SUBJECTS/METHODS The first experiment was designed to create and confirm the model of Sj-l. Rats (n=8-10/group) were exposed to a shifted sleep time protocol achieved by placing the rats in slow rotating wheels from Monday to Friday during the first 4h of the light period, while on weekends they were left undisturbed. The second experiment (n=8-12/group) explored the combined effect of Sj-l with the opportunity to ingest CafD. All protocols lasted 12weeks. We evaluated the development of overweight and indicators of metabolic syndrome. The statistical significance for all variables was set at P<0.05. RESULTS Sj-l alone did not affect body weight gain but induced significant changes in cholesterol in metabolic variables representing a risk factor for metabolic syndrome. Daily restricted access to CafD in the day or night induced glucose intolerance and only CafD during the day led to overweight. Sj-l combined with CafD induced overconsumption of the diet, potentiated body weight gain (16%) and promoted 5 of the criteria for metabolic syndrome including high insulin and dislipidemia. CONCLUSION Present data provide an experimental model of social-jet lag that combined with overconsumption of CafD, and maximized the development of obesity and metabolic syndrome. Importantly, access to CafD during the night did not lead to overweight nor metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefania Espitia-Bautista
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Anatomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, DF 04510, Mexico
| | - Mario Velasco-Ramos
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Anatomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, DF 04510, Mexico; Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, 14080, México, DF, Mexico
| | - Iván Osnaya-Ramírez
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Anatomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, DF 04510, Mexico
| | - Manuel Ángeles-Castellanos
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Anatomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, DF 04510, Mexico
| | - Ruud M Buijs
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, DF 04510, Mexico
| | - Carolina Escobar
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Anatomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, DF 04510, Mexico.
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Rotating night work, lifestyle factors, obesity and promoter methylation in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes among nurses and midwives. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178792. [PMID: 28594926 PMCID: PMC5464581 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Some recent evidence suggests that environmental and lifestyle factors may modify DNA methylation. We hypothesized that rotating night work and several modifiable factors may be associated with the methylation of the promoter regions within two tumor suppressor and DNA repair genes: BRCA1 and BRCA2. The methylation status of BRCA1 and BRCA2 was determined via qMSP reactions using DNA samples derived from blood leucocytes of 347 nurses and midwives working rotating nights and 363 working during the days. The subjects were classified into unmethylated vs methylated BRCA1 and BRCA2 when the methylation index was 0% or >0%, respectively. The adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated for night work status, smoking, obesity, physical activity and alcohol drinking. Current night shift work or night work history was not associated with methylation status of the promoter sites within BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. We observed weak associations between smoking and the methylation status of BRCA1 with OR = 1.50 (95%CI: 0.98–2.29) for current smoking, OR = 1.83, 95CI: 1.08–3.13 for smoking longer than 31 years, and 0.1>p>0.05 for trends for the number of cigarettes per day, smoking duration and packyears. In conclusion, no links between night shift work and methylation of the promoter region within the BRCA1, and BRCA2 genes were observed in this exploratory analysis. The findings of our study weakly support the hypothesis that smoking may contribute to epigenetic events.
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