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Ostapiuk-Karolczuk J, Kasperska A, Dziewiecka H, Cieślicka M, Zawadka-Kunikowska M, Zaleska-Posmyk I. Changes in the hormonal and inflammatory profile of young sprint- and endurance-trained athletes following a sports camp: a nonrandomized pretest-posttest study. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2024; 16:136. [PMID: 38898468 PMCID: PMC11188159 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-024-00924-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study aimed to compare catecholamine, cortisol, and immune response in sprint- and endurance-trained athletes under the same training, aiming to observe if their sport specialization affects these markers during a 9-day training camp. METHODS The study involved twenty-four young male (age 15.7 ± 1.6 years) and female (age 15.1 ± 1,3 years) athletes specializing in sprint and endurance athletics discipline. Blood samples for all measured parameters were taken at rested baseline, on the 4th day, and on the 9th day of training. RESULTS In both investigated groups a nonsignificant decrease in catecholamine levels was observed after 4 days of training, which remained stable throughout the camp. The cortisol level increased significantly in both athlete groups (sprint: T-0 vs. T-1 p = 0.0491; T-0 vs. T-3 p = 0.0001; endurance: T-0 vs. T-1 p = 0.0159; T-0 vs. T-3 p = 0.0005). The level of hs-CRP (sprint: T-0 vs. T-1 p = 0.0005; T-0 vs. T-3 p = 0.0001; endurance: T-0 vs. T-3 p = 0.0005), and myoglobin (sprint: T-0 vs. T-1 p = 0.0014; T-0 vs. T-3 p = 0.0001; endurance: T-0 vs. T-3 p = 0.0005) have increased and of hs-CRP and myoglobin level was significantly higher in sprint compared to endurance athletes (p < 0.05). The leukocyte level significantly decreased until the end of camp in both groups (sprint: T-0 vs. T-1 p = 0.0178; T-0 vs. T-3 p = 0.0175; endurance: T-0 vs. T-1 p = 0.0362; T-0 vs. T-3 p = 0.0362). CONCLUSIONS The applied training loads had a strong physiological impact leading to changes in stress hormones and immune responses depending on athletes` sport specialization. Training loads caused stronger responses in sprint athletes. However, both groups showed signs of severe fatigue development. TRIAL REGISTRY ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT06150105, retrospectively registered on 29.11.2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Ostapiuk-Karolczuk
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sport Sciences in Gorzow Wielkopolski, Poznan University of Physical Education, Estkowskiego 13, Gorzów Wielkopolski, 66-400, Poland.
| | - Anna Kasperska
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sport Sciences in Gorzow Wielkopolski, Poznan University of Physical Education, Estkowskiego 13, Gorzów Wielkopolski, 66-400, Poland
| | - Hanna Dziewiecka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sport Sciences in Gorzow Wielkopolski, Poznan University of Physical Education, Estkowskiego 13, Gorzów Wielkopolski, 66-400, Poland
| | - Mirosława Cieślicka
- Department of Human Physiology, Nicolaus Copernicus University Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Karłowicza 24, Bydgoszcz, 85-092, Poland
| | - Monika Zawadka-Kunikowska
- Department of Human Physiology, Nicolaus Copernicus University Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Karłowicza 24, Bydgoszcz, 85-092, Poland
| | - Izabela Zaleska-Posmyk
- Department of Sport Theory, Faculty of Sport Sciences in Gorzow Wielkopolski, Poznan University of Physical Education, Estkowskiego 13, Gorzow Wielkopolski, 66-400, Poland
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Rebelo A, Pereira JR, Cunha P, Coelho-E-Silva MJ, Valente-Dos-Santos J. Training stress, neuromuscular fatigue and well-being in volleyball: a systematic review. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2024; 16:17. [PMID: 38218879 PMCID: PMC10788005 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-024-00807-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Volleyball, with its unique calendar structure, presents distinct challenges in training and competition scheduling. Like many team sports, volleyball features an unconventional schedule with brief off-season and pre-season phases, juxtaposed against an extensive in-season phase characterized by a high density of matches and training. This compact calendar necessitates careful management of training loads and recovery periods. The effectiveness of this management is a critical factor, influencing the overall performance and success of volleyball teams. In this review, we explore the associations between training stress measures, fatigue, and well-being assessments within this context, to better inform future research and practice. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted in databases including PsycINFO, MEDLINE/PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, and Scopus. Inclusion criteria were original research papers published in peer-reviewed journals involving volleyball athletes. RESULTS Of the 2535 studies identified, 31 were thoroughly analysed. From these 31 articles, 22 included professional athletes, seven included collegiate-level volleyball athletes, and two included young athletes. Nine studies had female volleyball players, while the remaining 22 had male volleyball athletes. CONCLUSIONS Internal training load should be collected daily after training sessions and matches with the session rating of perceived exertion method. External training load should also be measured daily according to the methods based on jump height, jump count, and kinetic energy. If force platforms are available, neuromuscular fatigue can be assessed weekly using the FT:CT ratio of a countermovement jump or, in cases where force platforms are not available, the average jump height can also be used. Finally, the Hooper Index has been shown to be a measure of overall wellness, fatigue, stress, muscle soreness, mood, and sleep quality in volleyball when used daily.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Rebelo
- CIDEFES, Centro de Investigação Em Desporto, Educação Física E Exercício E Saúde, Universidade Lusófona, 1749-024, Lisbon, Portugal.
- COD, Center of Sports Optimization, Sporting Clube de Portugal, 1600-464, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - João R Pereira
- CIDEFES, Centro de Investigação Em Desporto, Educação Física E Exercício E Saúde, Universidade Lusófona, 1749-024, Lisbon, Portugal
- COD, Center of Sports Optimization, Sporting Clube de Portugal, 1600-464, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paulo Cunha
- CIDEFES, Centro de Investigação Em Desporto, Educação Física E Exercício E Saúde, Universidade Lusófona, 1749-024, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Manuel J Coelho-E-Silva
- FCDEF, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CIDAF, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Valente-Dos-Santos
- CIDEFES, Centro de Investigação Em Desporto, Educação Física E Exercício E Saúde, Universidade Lusófona, 1749-024, Lisbon, Portugal
- COD, Center of Sports Optimization, Sporting Clube de Portugal, 1600-464, Lisbon, Portugal
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Prevalence of low energy availability and associations with seasonal changes in salivary hormones and IgA in elite male Gaelic footballers. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:1809-1820. [PMID: 36841899 PMCID: PMC9968222 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03112-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Evidence suggests low energy availability (LEA) is prevalent in elite male Gaelic football (GF) players. Previous research in male and female team sports found LEA may negatively impact endocrine function. The aim of this study was to examine the seasonal variations in energy availability (EA) and its associations with salivary measures in elite male GF players across the competitive season. METHODS Energy availability was assessed using field-based methods in conjunction with salivary testosterone (s-T), cortisol (s-C) and immunoglobin A (s-IgA) concentrations at pre-season (PRE), in-season (IN) and post-season (POST). RESULTS 38% reported LEA at PRE, 33% at IN, and 28.5% at POST. s-C, s-T and s-IgA levels were within normal ranges at PRE, IN and POST. Salivary cortisol declined significantly from PRE to IN, remaining reduced at POST. Salivary testosterone decreased significantly from PRE to IN but was significantly elevated at POST compared to IN. Salivary IgA was significantly greater at POST than IN. No significant associations were found between s-C or s-T and EA at any time point. Pre-season s-IgA exhibited a significant inverse association with PRE EA. Decreased s-IgA flow rate and s-IgA secretion rate were significantly associated with decreased EA at PRE. Reduced carbohydrate (CHO) intake was also associated with decreased s-IgA secretion rate at PRE. CONCLUSION This study suggests that LEA is prevalent in elite male GF players, but is not associated with s-C or s-T. However, EA is associated with s-IgA which may impact the immune system. Therefore, education and interventions surrounding the prevalence and associations of EA should be implemented in this population.
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Selected Immunoendocrine Measures for Monitoring Responses to Training and Match Load in Professional Association Football: A Review of the Evidence. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2022; 17:1654-1663. [DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2022-0226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Biomarkers relating to player “stress balance,” immunological (ie, immunoglobulin-A), and hormonal (ie, testosterone and cortisol [T:C]) status are now commonly used in football. This article is our critical review of the scientific literature relating to the response of these measures to player load and their relationships with player health. The commonly reported relationship between immunoglobulin-A and training or match load highlights its sensitivity to changes in psychophysiological stress and the increased risk of compromised mucosal immunity. This is supported by its close relationship with symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection and its association with perceived fatigue in football players. Testosterone and cortisol concentrations and the testosterone–cortisol ratio are sensitive to changes in player load, but the direction of their response is often inconsistent and is likely influenced by player training status and non-sport-related stressors. Some evidence indicates that sustained periods of high training volume can increase resting testosterone and that sustained periods of low and high training intensity can increase resting cortisol, compromising the testosterone–cortisol ratio. These findings are noteworthy, as recent findings indicate interrelationships between testosterone, cortisol, and testosterone:cortisol and perceived measures of fatigue, sleep quality, and muscle soreness in football players. Variability in individual responses suggests the need for a multivariate and individualized approach to player monitoring. Overall, we consider that there is sufficient evidence to support the use of salivary immunoglobulin-A, testosterone, cortisol, and testosterone:cortisol measures as part of a multivariate, individualized player monitoring system in professional football.
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Mangine GT, Mangine GT, Eggerth A, Gough J, Stratton MT, Feito Y, VanDusseldorp TA. Endocrine and Body Composition Changes Across a Competitive Season in Collegiate Speed-Power Track and Field Athletes. J Strength Cond Res 2021; 35:2067-2074. [PMID: 34100783 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Mangine, GT, Eggerth, A, Gough, J, Stratton, MT, Feito, Y, and VanDusseldorp, TA. Endocrine and body composition changes across a competitive season in collegiate speed-power track and field athletes. J Strength Cond Res 35(8): 2067-2074, 2021-Maintaining lean mass is important for track and field (TF) athletes who compete in speed-power events, but little is known about how lean mass and related hormones might change over an 8- to 10-month collegiate season. Therefore, to monitor changes in free testosterone (T), cortisol (C), and body composition in TF athletes across their entire competitive season, 9 female (20.3 ± 1.2 years, 169 ± 5 cm, and 67.6 ± 8.5 kg) and 7 male (21.1 ± 2.0 years, 181 ± 9 cm, and 77.3 ± 5.9 kg) Division I TF athletes provided resting and fasted blood samples at the onset of their indoor season (baseline), before and on returning from the indoor conference championships (ICCs), at the beginning and end of a heavy midseason training week (HVY), and before leaving for the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Championships. Body composition was also assessed at each of these periods using a 4-compartment model. Except for a 20% reduction (p = 0.030) from ICCs to the onset of HVY in men only, linear mixed models with repeated measures did not reveal any changes in hormone concentrations. Compared with baseline, an overall increase in fat-free mass was observed at HVY (∼2.74%, p = 0.023) before it reduced by 3.81% before the NCAA Championships (p = 0.022). Despite variations in training and competition, resting concentrations of hormones indicative of anabolic status remained relatively consistent over the course of an entire season in speed-power TF athletes. Coaches and athletes may consider monitoring these variables to assess the athlete's response to the changing demands of a competitive season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald T Mangine
- Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia ; and
| | - Gerald T Mangine
- Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia ; and
| | | | - Jeremy Gough
- Athletics, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia
| | - Matthew T Stratton
- Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia ; and
| | - Yuri Feito
- Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia ; and
| | - Trisha A VanDusseldorp
- Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia ; and
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Bachero-Mena B, Pareja-Blanco F, González-Badillo JJ. Effects of Resistance Training on Physical Performance in High-Level 800-Meter Athletes: A Comparison Between High-Speed Resistance Training and Circuit Training. J Strength Cond Res 2021; 35:1905-1915. [PMID: 30741859 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Bachero-Mena, B, Pareja-Blanco, F, and González-Badillo, JJ. Effects of resistance training on physical performance in high-level 800-meter athletes: a comparison between high-speed resistance training and circuit training. J Strength Cond Res 35(7): 1905-1915, 2021-This study compared the effects of 2 resistance training programs during 25 weeks on physical performance and hormonal response in high-level 800 m athletes. Thirteen male athletes (800-m personal best: 1:43-1:58 minutes:ss) were divided into 2 groups: high-speed resistance training group (RTG) (n = 6) and circuit training group (CTG) (n = 7). Three tests (T1, T2, and T3) including sprint and 800 m running, strength exercises, and blood hormones samples were performed. Both groups showed improvements in 800 m performance (RTG: likely positive, 80/20/0%; CTG: very likely positive, 98/2/0%); however, RTG showed an additional improvement in 200 m (likely positive, 85/15/0%), countermovement jump (CMJ) (very likely positive, 98/2/0%), and squat (likely positive, 91/9/0%), whereas CTG reached likely positive (88/11/1%) effects in CMJ and unclear/possibly negative effects in the rest of the strength variables analyzed. Concerning hormones, RTG resulted in a likely increase (83/15/3%) in testosterone from T1 to T3, and CTG showed a likely increase (79/17/4%) in cortisol from T2 to T3, remaining the rest of the hormones analyzed unclear. These results suggest that a resistance training characterized by high-speed and low-volume produced better improvements in both strength and running performance than a circuit training, accompanied by little changes in the hormonal response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Bachero-Mena
- Physical Performance & Sports Research Center, Pablo de Olavide University, Seville, Spain.,Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Seville, Seville, Spain; and
| | - Fernando Pareja-Blanco
- Physical Performance & Sports Research Center, Pablo de Olavide University, Seville, Spain.,Department of Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Pablo de Olavide University, Seville, Spain
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Cherkesov T, Ingushev C, Konopleva A, Cherkessov R, Gairbekov M, Zhukov A. Features of the performance exposure in girls involved in cyclic and acyclic sports. J Med Life 2021; 14:105-110. [PMID: 33767794 PMCID: PMC7982266 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2020-0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the definition adopted by the international biological program, physical performance is characterized by maximum oxygen consumption (MOC). Profession, lifestyle, and sport affect the value of the MOC. For anatomy and physiology, oxygen delivery to muscle tissue depends on the state of the respiratory and cardiovascular system, the amount and composition of blood. In this case, the leading role belongs to the cardiac activity, namely to the magnitude of the shock and minute volumes of blood in working conditions. High values of MOC and, consequently, a large work capacity are characteristic of athletes specializing in cyclic sports with moderate and high power. The purpose of the research was to evaluate the adaptive response of the cardiovascular system of girls involved in cyclic and acyclic sports as well as those not involved in sports. The study was conducted in 2018. During the research, we used pulse oximetry and determination of blood pressure according to N.S. Korotkov, as well as an assessment of the adaptation of the cardiovascular system according to the Ruffier Index. Studies have shown differences in the level of performance of girls involved in cyclic sports (athletics) and acyclic sports (karate and taekwondo), as well as non-sports. During the experiments, heart rate and blood pressure indicators were recorded at rest and after exercise, and the Ruffier Index, which reflects the level of performance of the participants, was calculated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timur Cherkesov
- Department of Theory and Technology of Physical Culture and Sports, Institute of Pedagogy, Psychology and Physical Education and Sports Education, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Kabardino-Balkarian State University named after H.M. Berbekov", Kabardino-Balkaria Republic, Russian Federation
| | - Cherim Ingushev
- Department of Emergency Situations, Institute of Pedagogy, Psychology and Physical Education and Sports Education, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Kabardino-Balkarian State University named after H.M. Berbekov", Kabardino-Balkaria Republic, Russian Federation
| | - Anna Konopleva
- Department of Theory and Technology of Physical Culture and Sports, Institute of Pedagogy, Psychology and Physical Education and Sports Education, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Kabardino-Balkarian State University named after H.M. Berbekov", Kabardino-Balkaria Republic, Russian Federation
| | - Radmir Cherkessov
- North-Caucasian Institute for Advanced Studies, Krasnodar University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Kabardino-Balkaria Republic, Russian Federation
| | - Magomed Gairbekov
- Department of Physical Education, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Dagestan State University", Republic of Dagestan, Russian Federation
| | - Azamat Zhukov
- North-Caucasian Institute for Advanced Studies, Krasnodar University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Kabardino-Balkaria Republic, Russian Federation
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Changes in Markers of Oxidative Stress and α-Amylase in Saliva of Children Associated with a Tennis Competition. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17176269. [PMID: 32872210 PMCID: PMC7503412 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17176269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this paper was to analyze the changes caused by a one-day tennis tournament in biomarkers of oxidative stress and α-amylase in saliva in children. The sample was 20 male active children with the following characteristics: (a) age of players = 9.46 ± 0.66 years; (b) weight = 34.8 ± 6.5 kg; (c) height = 136.0 ± 7.9 cm; (d) mean weekly training tennis = 2.9 ± 1.0 h. The tennis competition ran for one day, with four matches for each player. Data were taken from the average duration per match and the rating of perceived exertion (RPE). Four biomarkers of antioxidant status: uric acid (AU), Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), ferric reducing ability of saliva (FRAS, cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) and salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) as a biomarker of psychological stress were measured in saliva. The time points were baseline (at home before the tournament), pre-competition (immediately before the first match) and post-match (after each match) measurements. The four biomarkers of antioxidant status showed a similar dynamic with lower values at baseline and a progressive increase during the four matches. Overall one-day tennis competition in children showed a tendency to increase antioxidant biomarkers in saliva. In addition, there was an increase in pre-competition sAA possibly associated with psychological stress. Further studies about the possible physiological implications of these findings should be performed in the future.
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Berriel GP, Costa RR, da Silva ES, Schons P, de Vargas GD, Peyré-Tartaruga LA, Kruel LFM. Stress and recovery perception, creatine kinase levels, and performance parameters of male volleyball athletes in a preseason for a championship. SPORTS MEDICINE-OPEN 2020; 6:26. [PMID: 32588158 PMCID: PMC7316942 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-020-00255-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Training load and adequate recovery have been identified as essential elements to improve well-being and performance in team sports and avoid non-functional overreaching and overtraining. Objective This cohort study sought to analyze the stress and recovery perceptions, creatine kinase levels (CK), and vertical jump performance of volleyball athletes at different training times during a championship preseason. Methods Thirteen high-level male volleyball players (23.80 ± 5.40 years, 91.50 ± 8.80 kg, and 193.10 ± 6.40 cm) completed the RESTQ-Sport questionnaire on stress and recovery perception, and blood samples were collected to evaluate CK levels. These measures were performed six times over 16 weeks, while jumps such as squat jump (SJ), countermovement jump (CMJ), and countermovement jump arm (CMJA) were performed at three of those times for specific performance evaluation. Results The stress perception and recovery perception indices increased and decreased, respectively, in the pre-competitive phase, while CK levels presented an initial rise, maintenance over the training period, and a drop. Vertical jump heights increased significantly throughout the preparatory period regardless of the type of jump. In all training phases, CMJA values exceeded CMJ and SJ values, and CMJ values exceeded SJ values. Conclusions Positive adaptations were elicited by training stimuli, resulting in improvements in performance. Conversely, load training variables indicated higher levels of stress and muscle damage, together with lower perceptions of recovery during the championship preseason.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Pereira Berriel
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Dance, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 750 Felizardo Street, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90690-200, Brazil
| | - Rochelle Rocha Costa
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Dance, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 750 Felizardo Street, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90690-200, Brazil.
| | - Edson Soares da Silva
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Dance, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 750 Felizardo Street, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90690-200, Brazil
| | - Pedro Schons
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Dance, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 750 Felizardo Street, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90690-200, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Droescher de Vargas
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Dance, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 750 Felizardo Street, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90690-200, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Alexandre Peyré-Tartaruga
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Dance, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 750 Felizardo Street, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90690-200, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Martins Kruel
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Dance, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 750 Felizardo Street, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90690-200, Brazil
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Fueda Y, Matsuda F, Kataoka T. Assessment of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in healthy young volunteers using salivary stress biomarkers. Future Sci OA 2020; 6:FSO460. [PMID: 32257373 PMCID: PMC7117558 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2019-0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: We performed a stress assessment of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) using the salivary biomarkers chromogranin A. Materials & methods: Twenty healthy volunteers were subjected to NPPV for 30 min. We collected saliva samples before and after NPPV and evaluated chromogranin A. Results: We collected saliva samples from 13 volunteers for enzyme measurement. Of the 13 volunteers, 11 showed elevated chromogranin A levels, which were significantly higher after NPPV than before NPPV (p < 0.01). The chromogranin A increase group displayed significantly increased leak flow and reduced respiratory rate and absolute humidity compared with the chromogranin A reduction group. Conclusion: The increase of leak volume might be a stress factor in patients receiving NPPV. Salivary biomarkers are attractive as they are noninvasive and convenient. Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV), the delivery of mechanical ventilation to those with respiratory failure, can have complications resulting in stress to the patient. Here, we evaluated stress-related salivary biomarkers during NPPV in healthy individuals. Our results suggest that NPPV might increase stress levels and that humidity and leak volume affected stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Fueda
- Department of Medical Engineering, Faculty of Health Sciences, Morinomiya University of Medical Sciences, Osaka, Japan
| | - Fuka Matsuda
- Department of Medical Engineering, Faculty of Health Sciences, Himeji Dokkyo University, Himeji, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Takuya Kataoka
- Department of Medical Engineering, Faculty of Health Sciences, Himeji Dokkyo University, Himeji, Hyogo, Japan
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Campos F, Molina Correa JC, Canevari VCM, Branco BHM, Andreato LV, de Paula Ramos S. Monitoring Internal Training Load, Stress-Recovery Responses, and Immune-Endocrine Parameters in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Training. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 36:723-731. [PMID: 31972820 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Campos, F, Molina Correa, JC, Canevari, VCM, Branco, BHM, Andreato, LV, and de Paula Ramos, S. Monitoring internal training load, stress-recovery responses, and immune-endocrine parameters in Brazilian jiu-jitsu training. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2020-This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between training loads, stress, and immune-endocrine markers during a precompetitive period in Brazilian jiu-jitsu (BJJ) athletes. For this, 12 athletes were submitted to 1 physical and 1 technical-tactical training session per day, 5 days a week, for 7 weeks. The saliva sampling and physical tests (countermovement jump [CMJ] and squat jump [SJ]) were performed before starting the training period (pre) and at the fourth week (4-week) and eighth week (post). Session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE) and the Recovery-Stress Questionnaire-Sport (RESTQ) were applied, and the training load was calculated weekly. Repeated-measures analysis of variance and the Friedman test were used, with significance levels set at p < 0.05. Increased training loads were recorded by the sRPE method in technical-tactical training sessions (p < 0.05). Higher physical loads were reported by athletes during weeks 1-4, contributing to overall higher training load, monotony, and strain during this period (p < 0.05). Increased perception of stress, by the RESTQ, and cortisol were detected, whereas decreased salivary testosterone and salivary immunoglobulin A were observed at 4 weeks (p < 0.05). No significant differences were detected in CMJ and SJ tests, suggesting that training neither elicited significant fatigue and underperformance nor improved strength performance. However, decreasing physical training loads appeared to reduce symptoms of stress and improved recovery, favoring immune recovery and anabolic balance. Thus, the sRPE seems to be a reliable and simple method to monitor training loads in BJJ athletes because variation in values was related to the RESTQ and physiological responses to training loads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Campos
- Study Group in Tissue Regeneration, Adaptation and Repair, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Parana, Brazil.,State University of Londrina, Londrina, Parana, Brazil
| | - Júlio C Molina Correa
- Study Group in Tissue Regeneration, Adaptation and Repair, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Parana, Brazil.,State University of Londrina, Londrina, Parana, Brazil
| | - Vinicius C M Canevari
- Study Group in Tissue Regeneration, Adaptation and Repair, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Parana, Brazil
| | - Braulio H M Branco
- Post-Graduation Program in Health Promotion, University Center of Maringa, Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Leonardo V Andreato
- Sport and Exercise Psychology Laboratory (LAPE), State University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Solange de Paula Ramos
- Study Group in Tissue Regeneration, Adaptation and Repair, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Parana, Brazil.,State University of Londrina, Londrina, Parana, Brazil
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12
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Vacher P, Filaire E, Mourot L, Nicolas M. Stress and recovery in sports: Effects on heart rate variability, cortisol, and subjective experience. Int J Psychophysiol 2019; 143:25-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2019.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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13
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14
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Bachero-Mena B, Pareja-Blanco F, González-Badillo JJ. Enhanced Strength and Sprint Levels, and Changes in Blood Parameters during a Complete Athletics Season in 800 m High-Level Athletes. Front Physiol 2017; 8:637. [PMID: 28912725 PMCID: PMC5583192 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyze changes in sprint, strength, hematological, and hormonal parameters in high-level 800 m athletes during a complete athletics season. Thirteen male athletes of national and international level in 800 m (personal best ranging from 1:43 to 1:58 min:ss) participated in this study. A total of 5 tests were conducted during a complete athletics season. Athletes performed sprint tests (20 and 200 m), countermovement jump (CMJ), jump squat (JS), and full squat (SQ) tests. Blood samples (red and white blood profile) and hormones were collected in test 1 (T1), test 3 (T3), and test 5 (T5). A general increase in the performance of the strength and sprint parameters analyzed (CMJ, JS, SQ, 20 m, and 200 m) during the season was observed, with a significant time effect in CMJ (P < 0.01), SQ (P < 0.01), and 200 m (P < 0.05). This improvement was accompanied by a significant enhancement of the 800 m performance from T3 to T5 (P < 0.01). Significant changes in some hematological variables: hematocrit (Hct) (P < 0.01), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) (P < 0.001), mean corpuscular hemoglobin content (MCHC) (P < 0.001), white blood cells count (WBC) (P < 0.05), neutrophils (P < 0.05), monocytes (P < 0.05), and mean platelet volume (MPV) (P < 0.05) were observed throughout the season. The hormonal response and creatin kinase (CK) did not show significant variations during the season, except for insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-1) (P < 0.05). In conclusion, our results suggest the importance of strength levels in middle-distance athletes. On the other hand, variations in some hematological parameters and a depression of the immune system occurred during the season. Therefore, monitoring of the mechanical, hematological and hormonal response in athletes may help coaches and athletes to optimize the regulation of training contents and may be useful to diagnose states of overreaching or overtraining in athletes throughout the season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Bachero-Mena
- Faculty of Sport, Pablo de Olavide UniversitySevilla, Spain.,Physical and Athletic Performance Research Centre, Pablo de Olavide UniversitySevilla, Spain
| | - Fernando Pareja-Blanco
- Faculty of Sport, Pablo de Olavide UniversitySevilla, Spain.,Physical and Athletic Performance Research Centre, Pablo de Olavide UniversitySevilla, Spain
| | - Juan J González-Badillo
- Physical and Athletic Performance Research Centre, Pablo de Olavide UniversitySevilla, Spain
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15
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Rutherfurd-Markwick K, Starck C, Dulson DK, Ali A. Salivary diagnostic markers in males and females during rest and exercise. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2017; 14:27. [PMID: 28811748 PMCID: PMC5553796 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-017-0185-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Saliva is a useful diagnostic tool for analysis in sports, exercise and nutrition research, as collection is easy and non-invasive and it contains a large number of analytes affected by a range of physiological and pathological stressors and conditions. This study examined key salivary electrolytes and stress and immune markers in males and females at rest and during exercise. Methods Unstimulated whole saliva from 20 healthy, recreationally active participants (8 males and 12 females) was analysed for flow rate, osmolality, sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), chloride (Cl−), secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA), α-amylase activity and cortisol during both rest and moderate intensity (70% peak power) cycling exercise in a randomised crossover design. Each trial lasted 60 min and sampling was carried out at 15 and 45 min after the start of the trial. Saliva was collected using the gold-standard drool method; participants were required to provide at least 1 mL sample over 2 or 3-min period. Results Females showed a greater response to steady-state exercise stress than males, with significant increases in osmolality (P < 0.001), α-amylase activity (P = 0.001) and secretion rate (P = 0.023) and SIgA secretion rate (P = 0.023), with trends for an increase in K+ (P = 0.053) and decrease in Cl− (P = 0.067). There were no differences between rest and exercise for any salivary analytes in males. In addition, females showed a trend for higher levels of cortisol than males at both rest (P = 0.099) and exercise (P = 0.070), as well as a higher heart rate (P < 0.001) and greater ratings of perceived exertion (P < 0.001) during the exercise trial. The coordination of the two stress response pathways (α-amylase vs cortisol) was positive in males (r = 0.799; P = 0.017) yet negative in females (r = −0.475; P = 0.036). Conclusions Males and females show a markedly different response to steady-state exercise stress as measured in unstimulated whole saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay Rutherfurd-Markwick
- School of Health Sciences, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand.,Centre for Metabolic Health Research, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Carlene Starck
- Centre for Metabolic Health Research, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,Riddet Institute Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Deborah K Dulson
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ajmol Ali
- Centre for Metabolic Health Research, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,School of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
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16
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Chennaoui M, Bougard C, Drogou C, Langrume C, Miller C, Gomez-Merino D, Vergnoux F. Stress Biomarkers, Mood States, and Sleep during a Major Competition: "Success" and "Failure" Athlete's Profile of High-Level Swimmers. Front Physiol 2016; 7:94. [PMID: 27014092 PMCID: PMC4789459 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate stress markers, mood states, and sleep indicators in high-level swimmers during a major 7-days competition according to the outcomes. Nine swimmers [six men and three women (age: 22 ± 2 and 22 ± 4 years, respectively)] were examined. Before (PRE) and after (POST) each race (series, semi-finals, and finals), salivary concentrations of cortisol, α-amylase (sAA), and chromogranin-A (CgA) were determined. Mood states were assessed by the profile of mood state (POMS) questionnaire completed before and after the 7-days, and self-reported sleep diaries were completed daily. In the “failure” group, cortisol and sAA significantly increased between PRE-POST measurements (p < 0.05), while sCgA was not changed. Significant overall decrease of cortisol (-52.6%) and increase of sAA (+68.7%) was shown in the “failure group.” In this group, fatigue, confusion and depression scores, and sleep duration before the finals increased. The results in the “success” group show tendencies for increased cortisol and sCgA concentrations in response to competition, while sAA was not changed. Cortisol levels before the semi-finals and finals and sCgA levels before the finals were positively correlated to the fatigue score in the “failure” group only (r = 0.89). sAA levels before and after the semi-finals were negatively correlated to sleep duration measured in the subsequent night (r = −0.90). In conclusion, the stress of the competition could trigger a negative mood profile and sleep disturbance which correspond to different responses of biomarkers related to the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity, cortisol, sAA, and CgA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mounir Chennaoui
- Fatigue and Vigilance Team, Neurosciences and Operational Constraints Department, French Armed Forces Biomedical Research InstituteBrétigny-sur-Orge, France; Sorbonne Paris Cité, EA 7330 VIFASOM Sommeil-Vigilance-Fatigue et Santé Publique, Université Paris DescartesParis, France
| | - Clément Bougard
- Fatigue and Vigilance Team, Neurosciences and Operational Constraints Department, French Armed Forces Biomedical Research InstituteBrétigny-sur-Orge, France; Sorbonne Paris Cité, EA 7330 VIFASOM Sommeil-Vigilance-Fatigue et Santé Publique, Université Paris DescartesParis, France
| | - Catherine Drogou
- Fatigue and Vigilance Team, Neurosciences and Operational Constraints Department, French Armed Forces Biomedical Research InstituteBrétigny-sur-Orge, France; Sorbonne Paris Cité, EA 7330 VIFASOM Sommeil-Vigilance-Fatigue et Santé Publique, Université Paris DescartesParis, France
| | - Christophe Langrume
- Fatigue and Vigilance Team, Neurosciences and Operational Constraints Department, French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | | | - Danielle Gomez-Merino
- Fatigue and Vigilance Team, Neurosciences and Operational Constraints Department, French Armed Forces Biomedical Research InstituteBrétigny-sur-Orge, France; Sorbonne Paris Cité, EA 7330 VIFASOM Sommeil-Vigilance-Fatigue et Santé Publique, Université Paris DescartesParis, France
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