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Gonçalves Teixeira B, Paciência I, Cavaleiro Rufo J, Mendes F, Farraia M, Padrão P, Moreira P, Moreira A. The Influence of Obesity in the Autonomic Nervous System Activity in School-Aged Children in Northern Portugal: A Cross-Sectional Study. ACTA MEDICA PORT 2023; 36:317-325. [PMID: 37130573 DOI: 10.20344/amp.17144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases in childhood, being an important public health issue. Excessive weight has been associated with autonomic dysfunction but the evidence in children is scarce. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of overweight and obesity on the autonomic nervous system activity, in children. MATERIAL AND METHODS Data from a cross-sectional study of 1602 children, aged 7 to 12 years, was used and 858 children were included in the analysis. Body mass index was calculated and classified according to criteria of the World Health Organization (WHO), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF). Body composition was characterized by bioelectrical impedance. Linear regression models were used to determine the association between body mass index, body composition and the autonomic nervous system activity, assessed by pupillometry. RESULTS Average dilation velocity was higher among children with obesity, according to the CDC and percentage of body fat criteria (β = 0.053, 95% CI = 0.005 to 0.101 and β = 0.063, 95% CI = 0.016 to 0.109, respectively). The same trend was observed for WHO and IOTF criteria (β = 0.045, 95% CI = -0.001 to 0.091, and β = 0.055, 95% CI = -0.001 to 0.111, respectively). CDC and WHO body mass index z-scores were also positively associated with the values of average dilation velocity (rs = 0.030, p = 0.048; and rs = 0.027, p = 0.042, respectively). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest an association between body mass and changes in the autonomic activity, Moreover, this study provides proof of concept for interventions targeting the prevention/treatment of obesity in children that may offer some benefit in re-establishing the balance of the autonomic nervous system, and subsequently preventing the consequences associated with the autonomic nervous system dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Inês Paciência
- Serviço de Imunologia Básica e Clínica. Departamento de Patologia. Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto. Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João. Porto; EPIUnit. Instituto de Saúde Pública. Universidade do Porto. Porto; Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR). Porto. Portugal
| | - João Cavaleiro Rufo
- Serviço de Imunologia Básica e Clínica. Departamento de Patologia. Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto. Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João. Porto; EPIUnit. Instituto de Saúde Pública. Universidade do Porto. Porto; Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR). Porto. Portugal
| | - Francisca Mendes
- Serviço de Imunologia Básica e Clínica. Departamento de Patologia. Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto. Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João. Porto; EPIUnit. Instituto de Saúde Pública. Universidade do Porto. Porto; Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR). Porto. Portugal
| | - Mariana Farraia
- Serviço de Imunologia Básica e Clínica. Departamento de Patologia. Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto. Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João. Porto; EPIUnit. Instituto de Saúde Pública. Universidade do Porto. Porto; Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR). Porto. Portugal
| | - Patrícia Padrão
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação. Universidade do Porto. Porto; EPIUnit. Instituto de Saúde Pública. Universidade do Porto. Porto; Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR). Porto. Portugal
| | - Pedro Moreira
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação. Universidade do Porto. Porto; EPIUnit. Instituto de Saúde Pública. Universidade do Porto. Porto; Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR). Porto. Portugal
| | - André Moreira
- Serviço de Imunologia Básica e Clínica. Departamento de Patologia. Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto. Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João. Porto; EPIUnit. Instituto de Saúde Pública. Universidade do Porto. Porto; Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR). Porto. Portugal
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Li Y, Zhu S, Du D, Li Q, Xie K, Chen L, Feng X, Wu X, Sun Z, Zhou J, Yang J, Shu G, Wang S, Gao P, Zhu C, Jiang Q, Wang L. TLR4 in POMC neurons regulates thermogenesis in a sex-dependent manner. J Lipid Res 2023; 64:100368. [PMID: 37028769 PMCID: PMC10205441 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2023.100368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The rising prevalence of obesity has become a worldwide health concern. Obesity usually occurs when there is an imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure. However, energy expenditure consists of several components, including metabolism, physical activity, and thermogenesis. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a transmembrane pattern recognition receptor, and it is abundantly expressed in the brain. Here, we showed that pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC)-specific deficiency of TLR4 directly modulates brown adipose tissue thermogenesis and lipid homeostasis in a sex-dependent manner. Deleting TLR4 in POMC neurons is sufficient to increase energy expenditure and thermogenesis resulting in reduced body weight in male mice. POMC neuron is a subpopulation of tyrosine hydroxylase neurons and projects into brown adipose tissue, which regulates the activity of sympathetic nervous system and contributes to thermogenesis in POMC-TLR4-KO male mice. By contrast, deleting TLR4 in POMC neurons decreases energy expenditure and increases body weight in female mice, which affects lipolysis of white adipose tissue (WAT). Mechanistically, TLR4 KO decreases the expression of the adipose triglyceride lipase and lipolytic enzyme hormone-sensitive lipase in WAT in female mice. Furthermore, the function of immune-related signaling pathway in WAT is inhibited because of obesity, which exacerbates the development of obesity reversely. Together, these results demonstrate that TLR4 in POMC neurons regulates thermogenesis and lipid balance in a sex-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxiang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuqing Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dan Du
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiyong Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kailai Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lvshuang Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiajie Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhonghua Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingjing Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinping Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Gang Shu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Songbo Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ping Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Canjun Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qingyan Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Lina Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Sessa F, Esposito M, Salerno M. Experimental studies on androgen administration in animal models: current and future perspectives. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2022; 29:566-585. [PMID: 35943186 DOI: 10.1097/med.0000000000000768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review aims to report the most recent (2020-2022) experimental scientific studies conducted on animal models, in order to highlight the relevant findings on the adverse effects related to androgen administration. RECENT FINDINGS Forty-one studies published between January 2020 and July 2022 were selected. The majority of studies investigated the effects of one androgen, whereas only four studies analyzed the effects of two drugs. Nandrolone decanoate was the most investigated drug (20 articles), boldenone was tested in 8 articles, testosterone and stanozolol were used in 7 articles each, 17b-trenbolone, metandienone, and oxandrolone were tested in 1 article each. The articles clarify the adverse effects of androgen administration on the heart, brain, kidney, liver, reproductive and musculoskeletal systems. SUMMARY The main findings of this review highlight that androgen administration increases inflammatory mediators, altering different biochemical parameters. The results concerning the reversibility of the adverse effects are controversial: on the one hand, several studies suggested that by stopping the androgen administration, the organs return to their initial state; on the other hand, the alteration of different biochemical parameters could generate irreversible organ damage. Moreover, this review highlights the importance of animal studies that should be better organized in order to clarify several important aspects related to androgen abuse to fill the gap in our knowledge in this research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Sessa
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Advanced Technologies 'G.F. Ingrassia', University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Galley JC, Singh S, Awata WMC, Alves JV, Bruder-Nascimento T. Adipokines: Deciphering the cardiovascular signature of adipose tissue. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 206:115324. [PMID: 36309078 PMCID: PMC10509780 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and hypertension are intimately linked due to the various ways that the important cell types such as vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), endothelial cells (EC), immune cells, and adipocytes, communicate with one another to contribute to these two pathologies. Adipose tissue is a very dynamic organ comprised primarily of adipocytes, which are well known for their role in energy storage. More recently adipose tissue has been recognized as the largest endocrine organ because of its ability to produce a vast number of signaling molecules called adipokines. These signaling molecules stimulate specific types of cells or tissues with many adipokines acting as indicators of adipocyte healthy function, such as adiponectin, omentin, and FGF21, which show anti-inflammatory or cardioprotective effects, acting as regulators of healthy physiological function. Others, like visfatin, chemerin, resistin, and leptin are often altered during pathophysiological circumstances like obesity and lipodystrophy, demonstrating negative cardiovascular outcomes when produced in excess. This review aims to explore the role of adipocytes and their derived products as well as the impacts of these adipokines on blood pressure regulation and cardiovascular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C. Galley
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Pediatrics Research in Obesity and Metabolism (CPROM), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Shubhnita Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Pediatrics Research in Obesity and Metabolism (CPROM), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Wanessa M. C. Awata
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Pediatrics Research in Obesity and Metabolism (CPROM), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Juliano V. Alves
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Pediatrics Research in Obesity and Metabolism (CPROM), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Thiago Bruder-Nascimento
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Pediatrics Research in Obesity and Metabolism (CPROM), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Endocrinology Division at UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Vascular Medicine Institute (VMI), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Tang Q, Liu Q, Li J, Yan J, Jing X, Zhang J, Xia Y, Xu Y, Li Y, He J. MANF in POMC Neurons Promotes Brown Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis and Protects Against Diet-Induced Obesity. Diabetes 2022; 71:2344-2359. [PMID: 35972224 PMCID: PMC9630086 DOI: 10.2337/db21-1128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) is an emerging regulator in metabolic control. Hypothalamic proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons play critical roles in maintaining whole-body energy homeostasis. Whether MANF in POMC neurons is required for the proper regulation of energy balance remains unknown. Here, we showed that mice lacking MANF in POMC neurons were more prone to develop diet-induced obesity. In addition, the ablation of MANF induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and leptin resistance in the hypothalamus, reduced POMC expression and posttranslational processing, and ultimately decreased sympathetic nerve activity and thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT). Conversely, MANF overexpression in hypothalamic POMC neurons attenuated ER stress, increased POMC expression and processing, and then stimulated sympathetic innervation and activity in BAT, resulting in increased BAT thermogenesis, thus protecting mice against dietary obesity. Overall, our findings provide evidence that MANF is required for POMC neurons to combat obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Tang
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qinhui Liu
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiahui Li
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiamin Yan
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiandan Jing
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinhang Zhang
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Xia
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanping Li
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinhan He
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Corresponding author: Jinhan He,
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TRIM67 Deficiency Exacerbates Hypothalamic Inflammation and Fat Accumulation in Obese Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169438. [PMID: 36012700 PMCID: PMC9409122 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity has achieved the appearance of a global epidemic and is a serious cause for concern. The hypothalamus, as the central regulator of energy homeostasis, plays a critical role in regulating food intake and energy expenditure. In this study, we show that TRIM67 in the hypothalamus was responsive to body-energy homeostasis whilst a deficiency of TRIM67 exacerbated metabolic disorders in high-fat-diet-induced obese mice. We found exacerbated neuroinflammation and apoptosis in the hypothalamus of obese TRIM67 KO mice. We also found reduced BDNF in the hypothalamus, which affected the fat sympathetic nervous system innervation and contributed to lipid accumulation in adipose tissue under high-fat-diet exposure. In this study, we reveal potential implications between TRIM67 and the hypothalamic function responding to energy overuptake as well as a consideration for the therapeutic diagnosis of obesity.
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Orexin-a elevation in antipsychotic-treated compared to drug-free patients with schizophrenia: A medication effect independent of metabolic syndrome. J Formos Med Assoc 2022; 121:2172-2181. [PMID: 35396156 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2022.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Orexin-A levels are reportedly increased in antipsychotic (APD)-treated patients with schizophrenia compared to healthy controls and have been associated with metabolic abnormalities. It is not clear whether the orexin-A elevation is related specifically to the drug (APDs) effect, which should be clarified by including a drug-free group for comparison, or related to drug-induced metabolic abnormalities. METHODS Blood orexin-A levels and metabolic profiles were compared between 37 drug-free, 45 aripiprazole-treated, and 156 clozapine-treated patients with schizophrenia. The association between orexin-A and metabolic outcomes were examined. We explored the effects of APDs treatment and metabolic status on orexin-A levels by linear regression. RESULTS Patients under APDs treatment had increased orexin-A levels compared to drug-free patients, with aripiprazole-treated group having higher orexin-A levels than clozapine-treated group. Higher orexin-A levels reduced the risks of metabolic syndrome (MS) and type 2 diabetes mellitus, indicating a relationship between orexin-A levels and metabolic problems. After adjusting the effect from metabolic problems, we found APD treatment is still associated with orexin-A regulation, with aripiprazole more significantly than clozapine. CONCLUSION With the inclusion of drug-free patients rather than healthy controls for comparison, we demonstrated that orexin-A is upregulated following APD treatment even after we controlled the potential effect from MS, suggesting an independent effect of APDs on orexin-A levels. Furthermore, the effect differed between APDs with dissimilar obesogenicity, i.e. less obesogenicity likely associated with higher orexin-A levels. Future prospective studies exploring the causal relationship between APDs treatment and orexin-A elevation as well as the underlying mechanisms are warranted.
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Exploring the Role of Orexinergic Neurons in Parkinson's Disease. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:2141-2153. [PMID: 34495449 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-021-00411-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease affecting about 2% of the population. A neuropeptide, orexin, is linked with sleep abnormalities in the parkinsonian patient. This study aimed to review the changes in the orexinergic system in parkinsonian subjects and the effects of orexin. A number of search techniques were used and presumed during the search, including cloud databank searches of PubMed and Medline using title words, keywords, and MeSH terms. PD is characterised by motor dysfunctions (postural instability, rigidity, tremor) and cognitive disorders, sleep-wake abnormalities grouped under non-motor disorders. The Orexinergic system found in the hypothalamus is linked with autonomic function, neuroprotection, learning and memory, and the sleep-wake cycle. Prepro-orexin, a precursor peptide (130 amino acids), gives rise to orexins (Orx-A and Orx-B). Serum orexin level measurement is vital for evaluating several neurological disorders (Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, and PD). Orexinergic neurons are activated by hypoglycemia and ghrelin, while they are restrained by food consumption and leptin. Orexinergic system dysfunctioning was found to be linked with non-motor symptoms (sleep abnormalities) in PD. Orexinergic neuron's behaviour may be either inhibitory or excitatory depending on the environment in which they are present. As well, orexin antagonists are found to improve the abnormal sleep pattern. Since the orexinergic system plays a role in several psychological and neurological disorders, therefore, these disorders can be managed by targeting this system.
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Abstract
Sleep is essential for healthy being and healthy functioning of human body as a whole, as well as each organ and system. Sleep disorders, such as sleep-disordered breathing, insomnia, sleep fragmentation, and sleep deprivation are associated with the deterioration in human body functioning and increased cardiovascular risks. However, owing to the complex regulation and heterogeneous state sleep per se can be associated with cardiovascular dysfunction in susceptible subjects. The understanding of sleep as a multidimensional concept is important for better prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyudmila Korostovtseva
- Sleep Laboratory, Research Department for Hypertension, Department for Cardiology, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 2 Akkuratov Street, St Petersburg 197341, Russia.
| | - Mikhail Bochkarev
- Sleep Laboratory, Research Department for Hypertension, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 2 Akkuratov Street, St Petersburg 197341, Russia
| | - Yurii Sviryaev
- Research Department for Hypertension, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 2 Akkuratov Street, St Petersburg 197341, Russia
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Yu Q, Shu L, Wang L, Gao K, Wang J, Dai M, Cao Q, Zhang Y, Luo Q, Hu B, Dai D, Chen J, Bao M. Effects of carotid baroreceptor stimulation on aortic remodeling in obese rats. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:1635-1644. [PMID: 33812737 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Our previous study found carotid baroreceptor stimulation (CBS) reduces body weight and white adipose tissue (WAT) weight, restores abnormal secretion of adipocytokines and inflammation factors, decreases systolic blood pressure (SBP) by inhibiting activation of sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in obese rats. In this study, we explore effects of CBS on aortic remodeling in obese rats. METHODS AND RESULTS Rats were fed high-fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks to induce obesity and underwent either CBS device implantation and stimulation or sham operation at 8 weeks. BP and body weight were measured weekly. RAS activity of WAT, histological, biochemical and functional profiles of aortas were detected after 16 weeks. CBS effectively decreased BP in obese rats, downregulated mRNA expression of angiotensinogen (AGT) and renin in WAT, concentrations of AGT, renin, angiotensin II (Ang II), protein levels of Ang II receptor 1 (AT1R) and Ang II receptor 2 (AT2R) in WAT were declined. CBS inhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, inflammatory response and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in aortas of obese rats, restrained vascular wall thickening and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) phenotypic switching, increased nitric oxide (NO) synthesis, promoted endothelium-dependent vasodilatation by decreasing protein expression of AT1R and leptin receptor (LepR), increasing protein expression of adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1) in aortic VSMCs. CONCLUSION CBS reduced BP and reversed aortic remodeling in obese rats, the underlying mechanism might be related to the suppressed SNS activity, restored adipocytokine secretion and restrained RAS activity of WAT.
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MESH Headings
- Adipokines/metabolism
- Adipose Tissue, White/metabolism
- Animals
- Aorta, Thoracic/metabolism
- Aorta, Thoracic/pathology
- Aorta, Thoracic/physiopathology
- Arterial Pressure
- Disease Models, Animal
- Electric Stimulation Therapy/instrumentation
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Endothelial Cells/pathology
- Implantable Neurostimulators
- Male
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiopathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Obesity/metabolism
- Obesity/pathology
- Obesity/physiopathology
- Obesity/therapy
- Pressoreceptors/physiopathology
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/metabolism
- Receptors, Adiponectin
- Receptors, Leptin/metabolism
- Renin-Angiotensin System
- Vascular Remodeling
- Vasodilation
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China; Department of Cardiology, Suizhou Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Suizhou 441300, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Shu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Lang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaile Gao
- Wuhan Ninth People's Hospital, 20 Jilin Street, Qingshan District, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyan Dai
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Quan Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijie Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Bangwang Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Dilin Dai
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingwei Bao
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Tang Q, Liu Q, Yang X, Wu T, Huang C, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Zhang G, Zhao Y, Zhou J, Huang H, Xia Y, Yan J, Li Y, He J. Sirtuin 6 supra-physiological overexpression in hypothalamic pro-opiomelanocortin neurons promotes obesity via the hypothalamus-adipose axis. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21408. [PMID: 33583107 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Sirtuin 6 (Sirt6), a member of the Sirtuin family, has important roles in maintaining glucose and lipid metabolism. Our previous studies demonstrated that the deletion of Sirt6 in pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC)-expressing cells by the loxP-Cre system resulted in severe obesity and hepatic steatosis. However, whether overexpression of Sirt6 in hypothalamic POMC neurons could ameliorate diet-induced obesity is still unknown. Thus, we generated mice specifically overexpressing Sirt6 in hypothalamic POMC neurons (PSOE) by stereotaxic injection of Cre-dependent adeno-associated viruses into the arcuate nucleus of Pomc-Cre mice. PSOE mice showed increased adiposity and decreased energy expenditure. Furthermore, thermogenesis of BAT and lipolysis of WAT were both impaired, caused by reduced sympathetic nerve innervation and activity in adipose tissues. Mechanistically, Sirt6 overexpression decreasing STAT3 acetylation, thus lowering POMC expression in the hypothalamus underlined the observed phenotypes in PSOE mice. These results demonstrate that Sirt6 overexpression specifically in the hypothalamic POMC neurons exacerbates diet-induced obesity and metabolic disorders via the hypothalamus-adipose axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Tang
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qinhui Liu
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuping Yang
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cuiyuan Huang
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinhang Zhang
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zijing Zhang
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guorong Zhang
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yingnan Zhao
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Xia
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiamin Yan
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanping Li
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinhan He
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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12
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Klomklorm A, Ruangthai R, Vaithanomsat P, Sukatta U, Phoemsapthawee J. Concurrent training and Eri silkworm pupae ingestion improve resting and exercise fat oxidation and energy expenditure in obese adults. J Exerc Rehabil 2020; 16:467-479. [PMID: 33178649 PMCID: PMC7609851 DOI: 10.12965/jer.2040682.341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A randomized control trial was conducted to investigate the effects of combined concurrent training and Eri silkworm pupae ingestion on resting and exercise fat oxidation (FAO), as well as energy expenditure, and cardiometabolic risk markers in obese adults. Thirty-six sedentary, obese participants were divided into three groups: (1) placebo control group (CON, n=12), (2) Eri silkworm pupae ingestion group (ERI, n=12), and (3) combined concurrent training and Eri silkworm pupae ingestion group (CBT-ERI, n=12). Participants in the ERI and the CBT-ERI con-sumed 5-g Eri silkworm pupae/day (approximately 2.5-g linolenic acid). The concurrent training program comprised of supervised aerobic and resistance training: three 1-hr sessions/wk for 8 weeks. Body composi-tion, energy expenditure, and FAO at rest and during exercise, heart rate variability, and blood chemistry were measured before and after the 8-week interventions. Following the interventions, resting FAO, the natural logarithm of very low-frequency power (lnVLF), and high-sensi-tive C-reactive protein concentration significantly improved in both the ERI and the CBT-ERI. Only the CBT-ERI improved resting energy expen-diture, FAO during exercise, trunk and gynoid fat mass, total cholesterol concentration, the standard deviation of normal R-R intervals (SDNN), and the percentage difference between adjacent normal R-R intervals >50 ms. Furthermore, there were significant correlations between rest-ing energy expenditure and FAO, lnVLF and SDNN in the CBT-ERI. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that concurrent training together with dietary Eri silkworm pupae leads to increased energy expenditure through a significant increase in FAO at rest and during exercise, as well as reduced fat mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andaman Klomklorm
- Department of Sports Science and Health, Faculty of Sports Science, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Ratree Ruangthai
- Department of Sports Science and Health, Faculty of Sports Science, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Pilanee Vaithanomsat
- Kasetsart Agricultural and Agro-Industrial Product Improvement Institute, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Udomlak Sukatta
- Kasetsart Agricultural and Agro-Industrial Product Improvement Institute, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jatuporn Phoemsapthawee
- Department of Sports Science and Health, Faculty of Sports Science, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
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13
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Smoljo T, Stanić I, Sila S, Kovačić U, Crnošija L, Junaković A, Adamec I, Hojsak I, Skorić MK, Habek M. The Relationship between Autonomic Regulation of Cardiovascular Function and Body Composition. J Obes Metab Syndr 2020; 29:188-197. [PMID: 32930100 PMCID: PMC7539346 DOI: 10.7570/jomes20041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We investigated whether the results of autonomic function tests correlate with body composition and shape in healthy young people. Methods We conducted cardiovascular reflex tests (heart rate [HR] and blood pressure [BP] responses to the Valsalva maneuver and HR response to deep breathing) and the tilt table test with 32 subjects (19 males; mean age, 22.1±1.9 years). Participants also completed an anthropometric measurement sequence (weight; height; upper arm, hips, and waist circumference; triceps and subscapular skinfold), bioelectric impedance testing, and hand grip strength measurements. Results Markers of obesity, other anthropometric measures, functional measures, and the basal metabolic rate (BMR) were significantly positively correlated with systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) in both the supine and tilted positions. There was a positive correlation between the difference in HR (ΔHR) between the tilt and supine body positions and markers of obesity, the functional marker of dominant handgrip strength, and BMR. Participants with a body mass index (BMI) <25 kg/m2 had significantly lower median values of ΔHR, DBP in the tilt-test, SBP at rest, and SBP in the tilt-test than participants who had a BMI ≥25 kg/m2 (10.55 vs. 21.95 bpm, P=0.003; 77.55 vs. 90.05 mmHg, P=0.045; 113.45 vs. 140.55 mmHg, P=0.013; 117.00 vs. 135.25 mmHg, P=0.006, respectively). Body fat percentage was identified as an independent positive predictor (β=0.993; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.070 to 1.916; P=0.036) and body water percentage was an independent negative predictor of tilted SBP (β=-1.370; 95% CI, -2.634 to 0.106; P=0.035). Conclusion High sympathetic activity, as evaluated by cardiovascular regulation, correlates with a high share of adipose tissue in young healthy persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomislav Smoljo
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Stanić
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sara Sila
- Children's Hospital Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Uroš Kovačić
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Luka Crnošija
- Department of Neurology, Referral Center for Autonomic Nervous System Disorders, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anamari Junaković
- Department of Neurology, Referral Center for Autonomic Nervous System Disorders, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Adamec
- Department of Neurology, Referral Center for Autonomic Nervous System Disorders, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Iva Hojsak
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.,Children's Hospital Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Pediatrics, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Magdalena Krbot Skorić
- Department of Neurology, Referral Center for Autonomic Nervous System Disorders, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.,Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mario Habek
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Neurology, Referral Center for Autonomic Nervous System Disorders, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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14
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Cao Q, Liu L, Hu Y, Jiang N, Wang Y, Chen J, Zhou Q, Guo R. Irradiation of carotid baroreceptor with low-intensity pulsed ultrasound exerts different metabolic protection in perirenal, epididymal white adipose tissue and interscapular brown adipose tissue of obese rats. FASEB J 2020; 34:15431-15447. [PMID: 32954572 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001550r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to clarify whether the irradiation of carotid baroreceptor (CB) with low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) protects against obesity by rebalancing the autonomic nervous system (ANS). Obesity was induced using a high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks in Sprague-Dawley rats. Irradiation with LIPUS was daily (20 minutes a day) applied to the right CB. In our study, LIPUS significantly ameliorated metabolic disorders in obese rats. LIPUS partly restored norepinephrine (NE) and acetylcholine (ACH) levels in the perirenal white adipose tissue (PWAT), epididymal white adipose tissue (EWAT), interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT), and plasma of obese rats. LIPUS partially rectified the dysregulated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α/ɣ pathway in the PWAT, EWAT, and IBAT of obese rats. PPARγ and PPARγ target genes respond more sensitively to HFD and LIPUS in PWAT and EWAT than in IBAT. NE, ACH, uncoupling protein-1, phosphorylated AMPK, PPARα, and PPARα target genes respond more sensitively to HFD and LIPUS in IBAT than in PWAT and EWAT. Conclusion: LIPUS irradiation of CB exerts different metabolic protection in PWAT, EWAT, and IBAT by rebalancing the ANS and rectifying the AMPK/PPARα/ɣ pathway in obese rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Cao
- Echo lab, Department of Ultrasound Imaging, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,3D-Printing & AI Lab, Department of Ultrasound Imaging, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lian Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yugang Hu
- Echo lab, Department of Ultrasound Imaging, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,3D-Printing & AI Lab, Department of Ultrasound Imaging, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Echo lab, Department of Ultrasound Imaging, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,3D-Printing & AI Lab, Department of Ultrasound Imaging, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yijia Wang
- Echo lab, Department of Ultrasound Imaging, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,3D-Printing & AI Lab, Department of Ultrasound Imaging, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinling Chen
- Echo lab, Department of Ultrasound Imaging, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,3D-Printing & AI Lab, Department of Ultrasound Imaging, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Echo lab, Department of Ultrasound Imaging, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,3D-Printing & AI Lab, Department of Ultrasound Imaging, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruiqiang Guo
- Echo lab, Department of Ultrasound Imaging, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,3D-Printing & AI Lab, Department of Ultrasound Imaging, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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15
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de Oliveira M, Mathias LS, de Sibio MT, Noronha-Matos JB, Costa MA, Nogueira CR, Correia-de-Sá P. Pitfalls and challenges of the purinergic signaling cascade in obesity. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 182:114214. [PMID: 32905795 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a worldwide health problem which have reached pandemic proportions, now also including low and middle-income countries. Excessive or abnormal fat deposition in the abdomen especially in the visceral compartment is tightly associated with a high metabolic risk for arterial hypertension, type II diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, musculoskeletal disorders (especially articular degeneration) and some cancers. Contrariwise, accumulation of fat in the subcutaneous compartment has been associated with a neutral metabolic impact, favoring a lower risk of insulin resistance. Obesity results more often from an avoidable imbalance between food consumption and energy expenditure. There are several recommended strategies for dealing with obesity, including pharmacological therapies, but their success remains incomplete and may not compensate the associated adverse effects. Purinergic signaling operated by ATP and its metabolite, adenosine, has attracted increasing attention in obesity. The extracellular levels of purines often reflect the energy status of a given cell population. Adenine nucleotides and nucleosides fine tuning control adipogenesis and mature adipocytes function via the activation of P2 and P1 purinoceptors, respectively. These features make the purinergic signaling cascade a putative target for therapeutic intervention in obesity and related metabolic syndromes. There are, however, gaps in our knowledge regarding the role of purines in adipocyte precursors differentiation and mature adipocytes functions, as well as their impact among distinct adipose tissue deposits (e.g. white vs. brown, visceral vs. subcutaneous), which warrants further investigations before translation to clinical trials can be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriane de Oliveira
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, District of Rubião Jr, s/n, 18618-000, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas Solla Mathias
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, District of Rubião Jr, s/n, 18618-000, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Teresa de Sibio
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, District of Rubião Jr, s/n, 18618-000, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Bernardo Noronha-Matos
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Departamento de Imuno-Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar - Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP); Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar - Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP)
| | - Maria Adelina Costa
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Departamento de Imuno-Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar - Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP); Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar - Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP); Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar - Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP)
| | - Célia Regina Nogueira
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, District of Rubião Jr, s/n, 18618-000, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Correia-de-Sá
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Departamento de Imuno-Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar - Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP); Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar - Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP).
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16
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Wang P, Loh KH, Wu M, Morgan DA, Schneeberger M, Yu X, Chi J, Kosse C, Kim D, Rahmouni K, Cohen P, Friedman J. A leptin-BDNF pathway regulating sympathetic innervation of adipose tissue. Nature 2020; 583:839-844. [PMID: 32699414 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2527-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the leptin gene (ob) result in a metabolic disorder that includes severe obesity1, and defects in thermogenesis2 and lipolysis3, both of which are adipose tissue functions regulated by the sympathetic nervous system. However, the basis of these sympathetic-associated abnormalities remains unclear. Furthermore, chronic leptin administration reverses these abnormalities in adipose tissue, but the underlying mechanism remains to be discovered. Here we report that ob/ob mice, as well as leptin-resistant diet-induced obese mice, show significant reductions of sympathetic innervation of subcutaneous white and brown adipose tissue. Chronic leptin treatment of ob/ob mice restores adipose tissue sympathetic innervation, which in turn is necessary to correct the associated functional defects. The effects of leptin on innervation are mediated via agouti-related peptide and pro-opiomelanocortin neurons in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus. Deletion of the gene encoding the leptin receptor in either population leads to reduced innervation in fat. These agouti-related peptide and pro-opiomelanocortin neurons act via brain-derived neurotropic factor-expressing neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (BDNFPVH). Deletion of BDNFPVH blunts the effects of leptin on innervation. These data show that leptin signalling regulates the plasticity of sympathetic architecture of adipose tissue via a top-down neural pathway that is crucial for energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Putianqi Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ken H Loh
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Michelle Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Donald A Morgan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Marc Schneeberger
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiaofei Yu
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyi Chi
- Laboratory of Molecular Metabolism, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christin Kosse
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Damian Kim
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kamal Rahmouni
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Paul Cohen
- Laboratory of Molecular Metabolism, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey Friedman
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
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17
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Fan K, Li Q, Pan D, Liu H, Li P, Hai R, Du C. Effects of amylin on food intake and body weight via sympathetic innervation of the interscapular brown adipose tissue. Nutr Neurosci 2020; 25:343-355. [PMID: 32338170 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2020.1752998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Amylin acts on the lateral dorsal tegmental nucleus (LDT), resulting in anorexic and weight-loss effects and activates thermogenesis in the interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT). In addition, it induces neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)-mediated feeding. However, the influence of the intact sympathetic nervous system (SNS) in mediating amylin's effects has not been fully characterised. We investigated whether extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), nNOS, and ChAT activities in the LDT are responsible for amylin's anorexigenic effects and whether this requires an intact SNS.Methods: C57BL/6J mice [wild-type (WT), sham, and sympathetic denervation of IBAT] were used. Food consumption, body weight, and distribution of pERK, nNOS, and ChAT positive neurons in the brain were examined following acute and chronic amylin administration.Results: Food intake was significantly decreased in WT and sham animals following acute amylin injection, but not in the denervated mice. Chronic amylin reduced body weight and serum glucose levels after 6 weeks, but increased insulin levels; no changes were observed in the denervated mice. Acute amylin increased the expression of nNOS, ChAT, and uncoupling protein-1 in the IBAT of WT and sham mice, while no changes were observed in the denervated mice and pERK from the above effect.Conclusions: Intact SNS of IBAT influences amylin-induced suppression of food intake and body weight, thus affecting nNOS and ChAT signalling in the LDT and locus coeruleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuikui Fan
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Science, Hohhot, People's Republic of China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Li
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Science, Hohhot, People's Republic of China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, People's Republic of China
| | - Deng Pan
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Science, Hohhot, People's Republic of China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, People's Republic of China
| | - Haodong Liu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Science, Hohhot, People's Republic of China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, People's Republic of China
| | - Penghui Li
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Science, Hohhot, People's Republic of China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, People's Republic of China
| | - Rihan Hai
- Vocational and Technical College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Baotou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenguang Du
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Science, Hohhot, People's Republic of China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, People's Republic of China.,Vocational and Technical College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Baotou, People's Republic of China
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18
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Adeghate E, Lotfy M, D'Souza C, Alseiari SM, Alsaadi AA, Qahtan SA. Hypocretin/orexin modulates body weight and the metabolism of glucose and insulin. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2020; 36:e3229. [PMID: 31655012 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The hypocretin/orexin (Hcrt/orexin) unit affects the functions of the nervous, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and reproductive systems. Hcrt/orexin ligands and receptors have been localized to different parts of the central and peripheral nervous systems, cerebrospinal fluid and blood, exocrine (pancreas, salivary, lacrimal) as well as endocrine (pancreatic islets, pituitary, adrenal) glands. Several factors including stress, glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists, glutamate, nicotine, glucose, and hypoglycaemia stimulate the expression of Hcrt/orexin system, but it is inhibited by ageing, bone morphogenetic protein, hypoxia/hypercapnia, melanocortin receptor accessory protein 2, and glucagon. Literature reports show that Hcrt/orexin can significantly increase insulin secretion from normal and diabetic rat pancreata. Hcrt/orexin decreases blood glucose concentration and reduces insulin resistance partly via increased tissue expression of glucose transporter type 4. It reduces obesity by increasing browning of fat cells and energy expenditure. Taken together, Hcrt/orexin modulates obesity and the metabolism of glucose and insulin. The Hcrt/orexin system may thus be a target in the development of new therapies for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest Adeghate
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamed Lotfy
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Crystal D'Souza
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Saleh Meqbel Alseiari
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abdulla Ali Alsaadi
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Saif Abdo Qahtan
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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19
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Carpagnano GE, Sessa F, Scioscia G, Lacedonia D, Foschino MP, Venuti MP, Triggiani AI, Valenzano A, Resta O, Cibelli G, Messina G. Physical Activity as a New Tool to Evaluate the Response to Omalizumab and Mepolizumab in Severe Asthmatic Patients: A Pilot Study. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1630. [PMID: 32038267 PMCID: PMC6992710 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease, representing one of the most severe pathologies in developed countries. Based on a report of the World Health Organization (WHO), it affects about 300 million people worldwide. Few studies have analyzed the effects of daily life physical activity (PA) levels in patients with asthma: moreover, little research has been carried out on PA levels in patients suffering from severe asthma (SA). This study aimed to investigate the PA levels in two groups of patients suffering from SA; in particular, this study analyzed the changes that occur in patients treated with biologic therapy (BT group) and patients who underwent traditional treatment (TT group) over 6 months. Moreover, this study represents a pilot study because, to the best of our knowledge, it is the first investigation that analyzed if the kind of biologic drug (omalizumab or mepolizumab) can produce differences in the PA levels of SA patients. Fifty SA patients were enrolled and PA parameters were monitored for 6 months. Subjects were divided into two treatment groups: TT (20 patients) and BT (30 patients), the BT group was further subdivided according to the drugs used (15, omalizumab; 15, mepolizumab). During drug treatment, all subjects improved their PA levels: indeed, considering the intragroup variation, the PA levels were significantly higher comparing the T6 levels to baseline (T0, p < 0.01). Considering the intragroup variation, it is very interesting to note that biologic therapy improved PA levels compared to the effects of traditional therapy; while at T0 there were no significant differences in the steps per day (SPD) values between the two groups (T0, p = 0.85), the differences become statistically significant at T1, T3, and T6 (T1, p = 0.019; T3, p = 3.48x10−6; T6, p = 4.78x10−10). As expected, the same differences were reported analyzing the energy expenditure data. In conclusion, this pilot study reports a positive relationship between biologic drug therapy and PA patterns, even if further studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Elisiana Carpagnano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Francesco Sessa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giulia Scioscia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Donato Lacedonia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Foschino
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Venuti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | | | - Anna Valenzano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Onofrio Resta
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cibelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Messina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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20
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Multiple Sclerosis: Melatonin, Orexin, and Ceramide Interact with Platelet Activation Coagulation Factors and Gut-Microbiome-Derived Butyrate in the Circadian Dysregulation of Mitochondria in Glia and Immune Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215500. [PMID: 31694154 PMCID: PMC6862663 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent data highlight the important roles of the gut microbiome, gut permeability, and alterations in mitochondria functioning in the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis (MS). This article reviews such data, indicating two important aspects of alterations in the gut in the modulation of mitochondria: (1) Gut permeability increases toll-like receptor (TLR) activators, viz circulating lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and exosomal high-mobility group box (HMGB)1. LPS and HMGB1 increase inducible nitric oxide synthase and superoxide, leading to peroxynitrite-driven acidic sphingomyelinase and ceramide. Ceramide is a major driver of MS pathophysiology via its impacts on glia mitochondria functioning; (2) Gut dysbiosis lowers production of the short-chain fatty acid, butyrate. Butyrate is a significant positive regulator of mitochondrial function, as well as suppressing the levels and effects of ceramide. Ceramide acts to suppress the circadian optimizers of mitochondria functioning, viz daytime orexin and night-time melatonin. Orexin, melatonin, and butyrate increase mitochondria oxidative phosphorylation partly via the disinhibition of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, leading to an increase in acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA). Acetyl-CoA is a necessary co-substrate for activation of the mitochondria melatonergic pathway, allowing melatonin to optimize mitochondrial function. Data would indicate that gut-driven alterations in ceramide and mitochondrial function, particularly in glia and immune cells, underpin MS pathophysiology. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activators, such as stress-induced kynurenine and air pollutants, may interact with the mitochondrial melatonergic pathway via AhR-induced cytochrome P450 (CYP)1b1, which backward converts melatonin to N-acetylserotonin (NAS). The loss of mitochnodria melatonin coupled with increased NAS has implications for altered mitochondrial function in many cell types that are relevant to MS pathophysiology. NAS is increased in secondary progressive MS, indicating a role for changes in the mitochondria melatonergic pathway in the progression of MS symptomatology. This provides a framework for the integration of diverse bodies of data on MS pathophysiology, with a number of readily applicable treatment interventions, including the utilization of sodium butyrate.
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21
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Chien HJ, Chiang TC, Peng SJ, Chung MH, Chou YH, Lee CY, Jeng YM, Tien YW, Tang SC. Human pancreatic afferent and efferent nerves: mapping and 3-D illustration of exocrine, endocrine, and adipose innervation. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2019; 317:G694-G706. [PMID: 31509431 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00116.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The pancreas consists of both the exocrine (acini and ducts) and endocrine (islets) compartments to participate in and regulate the body's digestive and metabolic activities. These activities are subjected to neural modulation, but characterization of the human pancreatic afferent and efferent nerves remains difficult because of the lack of three-dimensional (3-D) image data. Here we prepare transparent human donor pancreases for 3-D histology to reveal the pancreatic microstructure, vasculature, and innervation in a global and integrated fashion. The pancreatic neural network consists of the substance P (SP)-positive sensory (afferent) nerves, the vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT)-positive parasympathetic (efferent) nerves, and the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive sympathetic (efferent) nerves. The SP+ afferent nerves were found residing along the basal domain of the interlobular ducts. The VAChT+ and TH+ efferent nerves were identified at the peri-acinar and perivascular spaces, which follow the blood vessels to the islets. In the intrapancreatic ganglia, the SP+ (scattered minority, ~7%) and VAChT+ neurons co-localize, suggesting a local afferent-efferent interaction. Compared with the mouse pancreas, the human pancreas differs in 1) the lack of SP+ afferent nerves in the islet, 2) the lower ganglionic density, and 3) the obvious presence of VAChT+ and TH+ nerves around the intralobular adipocytes. The latter implicates the neural influence on the pancreatic steatosis. Overall, our 3-D image data reveal the human pancreatic afferent and efferent innervation patterns and provide the anatomical foundation for future high-definition analyses of neural remodeling in human pancreatic diseases.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Modern three-dimensional (3-D) histology with multiplex optical signals identifies the afferent and efferent innervation patterns of human pancreas, which otherwise cannot be defined with standard histology. Our 3-D image data reveal the unexpected association of sensory and parasympathetic nerves/neurons in the intrapancreatic ganglia and identify the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve contacts with the infiltrated adipocytes. The multiplex approach offers a new way to characterize the human pancreas in remodeling (e.g., fatty infiltration and duct lesion progression).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Jen Chien
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Chen Chiang
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jung Peng
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Hsin Chung
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital-Hsinchu Branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Hsien Chou
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yuan Lee
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Ming Jeng
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wen Tien
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shiue-Cheng Tang
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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22
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Seicol BJ, Bejarano S, Behnke N, Guo L. Neuromodulation of metabolic functions: from pharmaceuticals to bioelectronics to biocircuits. J Biol Eng 2019; 13:67. [PMID: 31388355 PMCID: PMC6676523 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-019-0194-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromodulation of central and peripheral neural circuitry brings together neurobiologists and neural engineers to develop advanced neural interfaces to decode and recapitulate the information encoded in the nervous system. Dysfunctional neuronal networks contribute not only to the pathophysiology of neurological diseases, but also to numerous metabolic disorders. Many regions of the central nervous system (CNS), especially within the hypothalamus, regulate metabolism. Recent evidence has linked obesity and diabetes to hyperactive or dysregulated autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity. Neural regulation of metabolic functions provides access to control pathology through neuromodulation. Metabolism is defined as cellular events that involve catabolic and/or anabolic processes, including control of systemic metabolic functions, as well as cellular signaling pathways, such as cytokine release by immune cells. Therefore, neuromodulation to control metabolic functions can be used to target metabolic diseases, such as diabetes and chronic inflammatory diseases. Better understanding of neurometabolic circuitry will allow for targeted stimulation to modulate metabolic functions. Within the broad category of metabolic functions, cellular signaling, including the production and release of cytokines and other immunological processes, is regulated by both the CNS and ANS. Neural innervations of metabolic (e.g. pancreas) and immunologic (e.g. spleen) organs have been understood for over a century, however, it is only now becoming possible to decode the neuronal information to enable exogenous controls of these systems. Future interventions taking advantage of this progress will enable scientists, engineering and medical doctors to more effectively treat metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J. Seicol
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
| | | | - Nicholas Behnke
- Department of Food, Agricultural, and Biological Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Liang Guo
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
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23
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Cao Q, Zhang J, Yu Q, Wang J, Dai M, Zhang Y, Luo Q, Bao M. Carotid baroreceptor stimulation in obese rats affects white and brown adipose tissues differently in metabolic protection. J Lipid Res 2019; 60:1212-1224. [PMID: 31126973 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m091256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) regulates the functions of white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) tightly. Carotid baroreceptor stimulation (CBS) efficiently inhibits SNS activation. We hypothesized that CBS would protect against obesity. We administered CBS to obese rats and measured sympathetic and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/ PPAR pathway responses as well as changes in perirenal WAT (PWAT), epididymal WAT (EWAT), and interscapular BAT (IBAT). CBS alleviated obesity-related metabolic changes, improving insulin resistance; reducing adipocyte hypertrophy, body weight, and adipose tissue weights; and decreasing norepinephrine but increasing acetylcholine in plasma, PWAT, EWAT, and IBAT. CBS also downregulated fatty acid translocase (CD36), fatty acid transport protein (FATP), phosphorylated and total hormone sensitive lipase, phosphorylated and total protein kinase A, and PPARγ in obese rats. Simultaneously, CBS upregulated phosphorylated adipose triglyceride lipase, phosphorylated and total AMPK, and PPARα in PWAT, EWAT, and IBAT. However, BAT and WAT responses differed; although many responses were more sensitive in IBAT, responses of CD36, FATP, and PPARγ were more sensitive in PWAT and EWAT. Overall, CBS decreased chronically activated SNS and ameliorated obesity-related metabolic disorders by regulating the AMPK/PPARα/γ pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Wuhan University.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Junxia Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Wuhan General Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Qiao Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Wuhan University.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Wuhan University.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Mingyan Dai
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Wuhan University
| | - Yijie Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Wuhan University.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Qiang Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Wuhan University.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Mingwei Bao
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University .,Cardiovascular Research Institute Wuhan University.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology Wuhan 430060, China
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24
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Chen PY, Chen CH, Chang CK, Kao CF, Lu ML, Lin SK, Huang MC, Hwang LL, Mondelli V. Orexin-A Levels in Relation to the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in Patients with Schizophrenia Taking Antipsychotics. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2018; 22:28-36. [PMID: 30204875 PMCID: PMC6313111 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyy075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of orexin-A in regulating metabolic homeostasis has been recognized, but its association with antipsychotic-induced metabolic abnormalities remains unclear. We investigated the association between orexin-A levels and metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia treated with clozapine or less obesogenic antipsychotics compared with nonpsychiatric controls. METHODS Plasma orexin-A levels and metabolic parameters were determined in 159 patients with schizophrenia: 109 taking clozapine; 50 taking aripiprazole, amisulpride, ziprasidone, or haloperidol; and 60 nonpsychiatric controls. RESULTS Orexin-A levels were significantly higher in the group taking less obesogenic antipsychotics, followed by the clozapine group and the controls (F=104.6, P<.01). Higher orexin-A levels were correlated with better metabolic profiles in the patient groups but not in the controls. Regression analyses revealed that the patients with higher orexin-A levels had significantly lower risk of metabolic syndrome (adjusted odds ratio [OR]=0.04, 95% CI: 0.01-0.38 for the 2nd tertile; OR=0.04, 95% CI: 0.01-0.36 for the 3rd tertile, compared with the first tertile), after adjustment for age, sex, smoking history, types of antipsychotics (clozapine vs less obesogenic antipsychotics), duration of antipsychotic treatment, and disease severity. CONCLUSIONS Our results revealed that the orexin-A level was upregulated in patients with schizophrenia treated with antipsychotics, especially for the group taking less obesogenic antipsychotics. Furthermore, higher orexin-A levels were independently associated with better metabolic profiles. These observations suggest that an upregulation of orexin-A has a protective effect against the development of metabolic abnormalities in patients with schizophrenia receiving antipsychotic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Yu Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan,Department of Psychiatry, Taipei City Psychiatric Center, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan,Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chun-Hsin Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan,Department of Psychiatry, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Kuo Chang
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom,Department of Health and Welfare, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Feng Kao
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Mong-Liang Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan,Department of Psychiatry, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ku Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei City Psychiatric Center, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chyi Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei City Psychiatric Center, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan,Psychiatric Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital,Correspondence: Ming-Chyi Huang, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Taipei City Psychiatric Center, Taipei City Hospital, 309 Song-de Road, Taipei 110, Taiwan (); and Ling-Ling Hwang, PhD, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 110, Taiwan ()
| | - Ling-Ling Hwang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan,Correspondence: Ming-Chyi Huang, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Taipei City Psychiatric Center, Taipei City Hospital, 309 Song-de Road, Taipei 110, Taiwan (); and Ling-Ling Hwang, PhD, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 110, Taiwan ()
| | - Valeria Mondelli
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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25
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Oishi K, Himeno Y, Miwa M, Anzai H, Kitajima K, Yasunaka Y, Kumagai H, Ieiri S, Hirooka H. Correcting the Activity-Specific Component of Heart Rate Variability Using Dynamic Body Acceleration Under Free-Moving Conditions. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1063. [PMID: 30131717 PMCID: PMC6091277 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart rate variability (HRV) analysis is a widely used technique to assess sympatho-vagal regulation in response to various internal or external stressors. However, HRV measurements under free-moving conditions are highly susceptible to subjects’ physical activity levels because physical activity alters energy metabolism, which inevitably modulates the cardiorespiratory system and thereby changes the sympatho-vagal balance, regardless of stressors. Thus, researchers must simultaneously quantify the effect of physical activity on HRV to reliably assess sympatho-vagal balance under free-moving conditions. In the present study, dynamic body acceleration (DBA), which was developed in the field of animal ecology as a quantitative proxy for activity-specific energy expenditure, was used as a factor to correct for physical activity when evaluating HRV in freely moving subjects. Body acceleration and heart inter-beat intervals were simultaneously measured in cattle and sheep, and the vectorial DBA and HRV parameters were evaluated at 5-min intervals. Next, the effects of DBA on the HRV parameters were statistically analyzed. The heart rate (HR) and most of the HRV parameters were affected by DBA in both animal species, and the inclusion of the effect of DBA in the HRV analysis greatly influenced the frequency domain and nonlinear HRV parameters. By removing the effect of physical activity quantified using DBA, we could fairly compare the stress levels of animals with different physical activity levels under different management conditions. Moreover, we analyzed and compared the HRV parameters before and after correcting for the mean HR, with and without inclusion of DBA. The results were somewhat unexpected, as the effect of DBA was a highly significant source of HRV also in parameters corrected for mean HR. In conclusion, the inclusion of DBA as a physical activity index is a simple and useful method for correcting the activity-specific component of HRV under free-moving conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazato Oishi
- Laboratory of Animal Husbandry Resources, Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yukiko Himeno
- Department of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
| | - Masafumi Miwa
- Laboratory of Animal Husbandry Resources, Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Division of Grassland Farming, Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hiroki Anzai
- Laboratory of Animal Husbandry Resources, Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Animal and Grassland Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Kaho Kitajima
- Laboratory of Animal Husbandry Resources, Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yudai Yasunaka
- Laboratory of Animal Husbandry Resources, Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hajime Kumagai
- Laboratory of Animal Husbandry Resources, Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Seiji Ieiri
- Department of Animal and Grassland Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Hirooka
- Laboratory of Animal Husbandry Resources, Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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26
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Fernandez DM, Clemente JC, Giannarelli C. Physical Activity, Immune System, and the Microbiome in Cardiovascular Disease. Front Physiol 2018; 9:763. [PMID: 30013482 PMCID: PMC6036301 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular health is a primary research focus, as it is a leading contributor to mortality and morbidity worldwide, and is prohibitively costly for healthcare. Atherosclerosis, the main driver of cardiovascular disease, is now recognized as an inflammatory disorder. Physical activity (PA) may have a more important role in cardiovascular health than previously expected. This review overviews the contribution of PA to cardiovascular health, the inflammatory role of atherosclerosis, and the emerging evidence of the microbiome as a regulator of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn M. Fernandez
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jose C. Clemente
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Chiara Giannarelli
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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27
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Tsuneki H, Wada T, Sasaoka T. Chronopathophysiological implications of orexin in sleep disturbances and lifestyle-related disorders. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 186:25-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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28
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Valenzano A, Moscatelli F, Messina A, Monda V, Orsitto R, Zezza G, Fiorentino G, Salerno M, Triggiani AI, Viggiano A, Mollica MP, Carotenuto M, Monda M, Cibelli G, Messina G. Stress Profile in Remotely Piloted Aircraft Crewmembers During 2 h Operating Mission. Front Physiol 2018; 9:461. [PMID: 29867525 PMCID: PMC5949534 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Emotional stability plays a key role in individual and team performance during both routine activities and management of unexpected emergencies. Using a psycho-physiological approach, the stress response was investigated in drone operators in service. Methods: Salivary α-amylase (sAA), galvanic skin response (GSR) and anxiety were assessed over a 2-h operating flight. Results: Compared to baseline values, GSR and sAA values increased in operating conditions. Moreover, these values were higher in Pilots than in Sensor Operators, indicating that their stress response was greater. These results were associated with an increase in anxiety level, highlighting a relationship between autonomic reactivity and anxiety. Conclusion: This is the first report providing experimental evidences of the stress response related to Remotely Piloted Aircraft operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Valenzano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Fiorenzo Moscatelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Antonietta Messina
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology and Unit of Dietetic and Sport Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Monda
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology and Unit of Dietetic and Sport Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Monica Salerno
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Antonio I Triggiani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Andrea Viggiano
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Maria P Mollica
- Department of Biology, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Carotenuto
- Clinic of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Department of Mental Health, Physical and Preventive Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Marcellino Monda
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology and Unit of Dietetic and Sport Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cibelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Messina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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Surapongchai J, Rattanavichit Y, Buniam J, Saengsirisuwan V. Exercise Protects Against Defective Insulin Signaling and Insulin Resistance of Glucose Transport in Skeletal Muscle of Angiotensin II-Infused Rat. Front Physiol 2018; 9:358. [PMID: 29695972 PMCID: PMC5904253 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The present study investigated the impact of voluntary exercise on insulin-stimulated glucose transport and the protein expression and phosphorylation status of the signaling molecules known to be involved in the glucose transport process in the soleus muscle as well as other cardiometabolic risks in a rat model with insulin resistance syndrome induced by chronic angiotensin II (ANGII) infusion. Materials and Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to sedentary or voluntary wheel running (VWR) groups. Following a 6-week period, rats in each group were subdivided and subcutaneously administered either normal saline or ANGII at 100 ng/kg/min for 14 days. Blood pressure, glucose tolerance, insulin-stimulated glucose transport and signaling proteins, including insulin receptor (IR), insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1), Akt, Akt substrate of 160 kDa (AS160), AMPKα, c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), p38 MAPK, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), ANGII type 1 receptor (AT1R), ACE2, Mas receptor (MasR) and oxidative stress marker in the soleus muscle, were evaluated. Results: Exercise protected against the insulin resistance of glucose transport and defective insulin signaling molecules in the soleus muscle; this effect was associated with a significant increase in AMPK Thr172 (43%) and decreases in oxidative stress marker (31%) and insulin-induced p38 MAPK Thr180/Tyr182 (45%) and SAPK/JNK Thr183/Tyr185 (25%), without significant changes in expression of AT1R, AT2R, ACE, ACE2, and MasR when compared to the sedentary rats given ANGII infusion. At the systemic level, VWR significantly decreased body weight, fat weight, and systolic blood pressure as well as improved serum lipid profiles. Conclusion: Voluntary exercise can alleviate insulin resistance of glucose transport and impaired insulin signaling molecules in the soleus muscle and improve whole-body insulin sensitivity in rats chronically administered with ANGII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juthamard Surapongchai
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yupaporn Rattanavichit
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jariya Buniam
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Vitoon Saengsirisuwan
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Fan R, Koehler K, Chung S. Adaptive thermogenesis by dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: Emerging evidence and mechanisms. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2018; 1864:59-70. [PMID: 29679742 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Brown/beige fat plays a crucial role in maintaining energy homeostasis through non-shivering thermogenesis in response to cold temperature and excess nutrition (adaptive thermogenesis). Although numerous molecular and genetic regulators have been identified, relatively little information is available regarding thermogenic dietary molecules. Recently, a growing body of evidence suggests that high consumption of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) or activation of GPR120, a membrane receptor of n-3 PUFA, stimulate adaptive thermogenesis. In this review, we summarize the emerging evidence that n-3 PUFA promote brown/beige fat formation and highlight the potential mechanisms whereby n-3 PUFA require GPR120 as a signaling platform or act independently. Human clinical trials are revisited in the context of energy expenditure. Additionally, we explore some future perspective that n-3 PUFA intake might be a useful strategy to boost or sustain metabolic activities of brown/beige fat at different lifecycle stages of pregnancy and senescence. Given that a high ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFA intake is associated with the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes, understanding the impact of n-6/n-3 ratio on energy expenditure and adaptive thermogenesis will inform the implementation of a novel nutritional strategy for preventing obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Fan
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Karsten Koehler
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Soonkyu Chung
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE, USA.
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Monda V, Salerno M, Sessa F, Bernardini R, Valenzano A, Marsala G, Zammit C, Avola R, Carotenuto M, Messina G, Messina A. Functional Changes of Orexinergic Reaction to Psychoactive Substances. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:6362-6368. [PMID: 29307079 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0865-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
It is becoming increasingly apparent the importance of the central nervous system (CNS) as the major contributor to the regulation of systemic metabolism. Antipsychotic drugs are used often to treat several psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia and bipolar disorder However, antipsychotic drugs prescription, particularly the second-generation ones (SGAs), such as clozapine and olanzapine, is related to a considerable weight gain which usually leads to obesity. The aim of this paper is to assess the influence of orexin A on sympathetic and hyperthermic reactions to several neuroleptic drugs. Orexin A is a neuropeptide which effects both body temperature and food intake by increasing sympathetic activity. Orexin A-mediated hyperthermia is reduced by haloperidol and is blocked by clozapine and olanzapine. Orexin A-mediated body temperature elevation is increased by risperidone. These hyperthermic effects are delayed by quietapine. In this paper, it is discussed the orexinergic pathway activation by neuroleptic drugs and its influence on human therapeutic strategies. With the aim to determine that neuroleptic drugs mediate body temperature control through to the orexinergic system, we summarized our previously published data. Psychiatric disorders increase the risk of developing metabolic disorders (e.g., weight gain, increased blood pressure, and glucose or lipid levels). Therefore, the choice of antipsychotic drug to be prescribed, based on the relevant risks and benefits of each individual drug, has an essential role in human health prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Monda
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Monica Salerno
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Viale Pinto, 1, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Francesco Sessa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Viale Pinto, 1, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Renato Bernardini
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Anna Valenzano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Viale Pinto, 1, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Gabriella Marsala
- Struttura Complessa di Farmacia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Ospedali Riuniti di Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Christian Zammit
- Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Roberto Avola
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Marco Carotenuto
- Clinic of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Department of Mental Health, Physical and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Messina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Viale Pinto, 1, 71122, Foggia, Italy.
| | - Antonietta Messina
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
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32
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Monda V, Lupoli GA, Messina G, Peluso R, Panico A, Villano I, Salerno M, Sessa F, Marciello F, Moscatelli F, Valenzano A, Molino L, Lupoli R, Fonderico F, Tortora A, Pisano A, Ruberto M, Gabriella M, Cavaliere G, Trinchese G, Mollica MP, Cipolloni L, Cibelli G, Monda M, Lupoli G, Messina A. Improvement of Bone Physiology and Life Quality Due to Association of Risedronate and Anastrozole. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:632. [PMID: 28955236 PMCID: PMC5601069 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocrine therapy is the new frontiers of many breast cancers hormone sensitive. Hormone therapy for treating women with hormone receptor-positive cancer suppresses breast cancer growth either by reducing estrogen synthesis or by interfering with the action of estrogen within tumor cells. In this prospective randomized observational study we investigate the effect of adjuvant anastrozole in monotherapy or associated with risedronate on bone physiology and quality of life in postmenopausal, hormone-sensitive early breast cancer women at mild to moderate risk of fragility fractures. Methods : 84 women were randomly assigned to receive anastrozole alone (group A) or anastrozole plus oral risedronate (group A+R). At baseline and after 24 months lumbar spine (LS) and femoral neck (FN) BMD were evaluated with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) was examined using the short-form healthy survey. Results : After 24 months, the group A+R has showed a significant increase in T-score for LS (p < 0.05) and for FN (p < 0.05) whereas women of group A had a statistically significant rate of bone loss both in LS T-score (p < 0.05) and in FN (p < 0.05). A significant change in T-score BMD was seen for group A+R compared with group A at the LS (p = 0.04) and at FN (p = 0.04). Finally, group A+R showed an overall significant improvement of health profile (SF-36) in group A (p = 0.03). Conclusion : Postmenopausal breast cancer women with osteopenia during treatment with anastrozole have considerable risk of developing osteoporosis during the first 2 years; preventive measures such as healthy lifestyle and daily supplements of calcium and vitamin D alone seem to be insufficient in holding their bones healthy. Our findings suggest the usefulness of addition of risedronate in order to prevent aromatase inhibitors-related bone loss, not only in case of high-risk of fractures, but also for women at mild-moderate risk. This determines a significant improvement in bone health and a positive impact on HRQoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Monda
- Section of Human Physiology and Unit of Dietetic and Sport Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli"Naples, Italy
| | - Gelsy A Lupoli
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico IINaples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Messina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of FoggiaFoggia, Italy
| | - Rosario Peluso
- Section of Human Physiology and Unit of Dietetic and Sport Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli"Naples, Italy.,Rheumatology Research Unit, University of Naples Federico IINaples, Italy
| | - Annalisa Panico
- Section of Human Physiology and Unit of Dietetic and Sport Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli"Naples, Italy
| | - Ines Villano
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico IINaples, Italy
| | - Monica Salerno
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of FoggiaFoggia, Italy
| | - Francesco Sessa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of FoggiaFoggia, Italy
| | - Francesca Marciello
- Section of Human Physiology and Unit of Dietetic and Sport Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli"Naples, Italy
| | - Fiorenzo Moscatelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of FoggiaFoggia, Italy
| | - Anna Valenzano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of FoggiaFoggia, Italy
| | - Leonardo Molino
- Rheumatology Research Unit, University of Naples Federico IINaples, Italy
| | - Roberta Lupoli
- Section of Human Physiology and Unit of Dietetic and Sport Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli"Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Fonderico
- Section of Human Physiology and Unit of Dietetic and Sport Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli"Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Tortora
- Section of Human Physiology and Unit of Dietetic and Sport Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli"Naples, Italy
| | - Agata Pisano
- Section of Human Physiology and Unit of Dietetic and Sport Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli"Naples, Italy.,Department of Oncohematology, Santa Maria delle Grazie HospitalPozzuoli, Italy
| | - Maria Ruberto
- Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania "L.Vanvitelli"Naples, Italy
| | - Marsala Gabriella
- Struttura Complessa di Farmacia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Ospedali Riuniti di FoggiaFoggia, Italy
| | - Gina Cavaliere
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico IINaples, Italy
| | | | - Maria P Mollica
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico IINaples, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Cibelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of FoggiaFoggia, Italy
| | - Marcellino Monda
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico IINaples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Lupoli
- Section of Human Physiology and Unit of Dietetic and Sport Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli"Naples, Italy
| | - Antonietta Messina
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico IINaples, Italy
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