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Naik B, Kumar V, Rizwanuddin S, Mishra S, Kumar V, Saris PEJ, Khanduri N, Kumar A, Pandey P, Gupta AK, Khan JM, Rustagi S. Biofortification as a solution for addressing nutrient deficiencies and malnutrition. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30595. [PMID: 38726166 PMCID: PMC11079288 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Malnutrition, defined as both undernutrition and overnutrition, is a major global health concern affecting millions of people. One possible way to address nutrient deficiency and combat malnutrition is through biofortification. A comprehensive review of the literature was conducted to explore the current state of biofortification research, including techniques, applications, effectiveness and challenges. Biofortification is a promising strategy for enhancing the nutritional condition of at-risk populations. Biofortified varieties of basic crops, including rice, wheat, maize and beans, with elevated amounts of vital micronutrients, such as iron, zinc, vitamin A and vitamin C, have been successfully developed using conventional and advanced technologies. Additionally, the ability to specifically modify crop genomes to improve their nutritional profiles has been made possible by recent developments in genetic engineering, such as CRISPR-Cas9 technology. The health conditions of people have been shown to improve and nutrient deficiencies were reduced when biofortified crops were grown. Particularly in environments with limited resources, biofortification showed considerable promise as a long-term and economical solution to nutrient shortages and malnutrition. To fully exploit the potential of biofortified crops to enhance public health and global nutrition, issues such as consumer acceptance, regulatory permitting and production and distribution scaling up need to be resolved. Collaboration among governments, researchers, non-governmental organizations and the private sector is essential to overcome these challenges and promote the widespread adoption of biofortification as a key part of global food security and nutrition strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bindu Naik
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Graphic Era (Deemed to Be) University, Bell Road, Clement Town, Dehradun, 248002, Uttarakhand, India
- School of Agriculture, Graphic Hill University, Clement Town, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Himalayan School of Biosciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Swami Rama Nagar, Jolly Grant, Dehradun, 248016, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sheikh Rizwanuddin
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Graphic Era (Deemed to Be) University, Bell Road, Clement Town, Dehradun, 248002, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sadhna Mishra
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, GLA University, Mathura, India
| | - Vivek Kumar
- Himalayan School of Biosciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Swami Rama Nagar, Jolly Grant, Dehradun, 248016, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Per Erik Joakim Saris
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, 00100, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Naresh Khanduri
- Himalayan School of Biosciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Swami Rama Nagar, Jolly Grant, Dehradun, 248016, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Akhilesh Kumar
- Himalayan School of Biosciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Swami Rama Nagar, Jolly Grant, Dehradun, 248016, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Piyush Pandey
- Soil and Environment Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Assam University, Silchur, 788011, Assam, India
| | - Arun Kumar Gupta
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Graphic Era (Deemed to Be) University, Bell Road, Clement Town, Dehradun, 248002, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Javed Masood Khan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarvesh Rustagi
- Department of Food Technology, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, 248007, Uttarakhand, India
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La Scala S, Naselli F, Quatrini P, Gallo G, Caradonna F. Drought-Adapted Mediterranean Diet Plants: A Source of Bioactive Molecules Able to Give Nutrigenomic Effects per sè or to Obtain Functional Foods. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2235. [PMID: 38396910 PMCID: PMC10888686 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet features plant-based foods renowned for their health benefits derived from bioactive compounds. This review aims to provide an overview of the bioactive molecules present in some representative Mediterranean diet plants, examining their human nutrigenomic effects and health benefits as well as the environmental advantages and sustainability derived from their cultivation. Additionally, it explores the facilitation of producing fortified foods aided by soil and plant microbiota properties. Well-studied examples, such as extra virgin olive oil and citrus fruits, have demonstrated significant health advantages, including anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects. Other less renowned plants are presented in the scientific literature with their beneficial traits on human health highlighted. Prickly pear's indicaxanthin exhibits antioxidant properties and potential anticancer traits, while capers kaempferol and quercetin support cardiovascular health and prevent cancer. Oregano and thyme, containing terpenoids like carvacrol and γ-terpinene, exhibit antimicrobial effects. Besides their nutrigenomic effects, these plants thrive in arid environments, offering benefits associated with their cultivation. Their microbiota, particularly Plant Growth Promoting (PGP) microorganisms, enhance plant growth and stress tolerance, offering biotechnological opportunities for sustainable agriculture. In conclusion, leveraging plant microbiota could revolutionize agricultural practices and increase sustainability as climate change threatens biodiversity. These edible plant species may have crucial importance, not only as healthy products but also for increasing the sustainability of agricultural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia La Scala
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Sezione di Biologia Cellulare, Università di Palermo, 90128, Palermo, Italy; (S.L.S.); (P.Q.); (G.G.); (F.C.)
| | - Flores Naselli
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Sezione di Biologia Cellulare, Università di Palermo, 90128, Palermo, Italy; (S.L.S.); (P.Q.); (G.G.); (F.C.)
| | - Paola Quatrini
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Sezione di Biologia Cellulare, Università di Palermo, 90128, Palermo, Italy; (S.L.S.); (P.Q.); (G.G.); (F.C.)
| | - Giuseppe Gallo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Sezione di Biologia Cellulare, Università di Palermo, 90128, Palermo, Italy; (S.L.S.); (P.Q.); (G.G.); (F.C.)
- NBFC—National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Fabio Caradonna
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Sezione di Biologia Cellulare, Università di Palermo, 90128, Palermo, Italy; (S.L.S.); (P.Q.); (G.G.); (F.C.)
- NBFC—National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133 Palermo, Italy
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Sharma A, Sharma D, Verma SK. A systematic in silico report on iron and zinc proteome of Zea mays. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1166720. [PMID: 37662157 PMCID: PMC10469895 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1166720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Zea mays is an essential staple food crop across the globe. Maize contains macro and micronutrients but is limited in essential mineral micronutrients such as Fe and Zn. Worldwide, serious health concerns have risen due to the deficiencies of essential nutrients in human diets, which rigorously jeopardizes economic development. In the present study, the systematic in silico approach has been used to predict Fe and Zn binding proteins from the whole proteome of maize. A total of 356 and 546 putative proteins have been predicted, which contain sequence and structural motifs for Fe and Zn ions, respectively. Furthermore, the functional annotation of these predicted proteins, based on their domains, subcellular localization, gene ontology, and literature support, showed their roles in distinct cellular and biological processes, such as metabolism, gene expression and regulation, transport, stress response, protein folding, and proteolysis. The versatile roles of these shortlisted putative Fe and Zn binding proteins of maize could be used to manipulate many facets of maize physiology. Moreover, in the future, the predicted Fe and Zn binding proteins may act as relevant, novel, and economical markers for various crop improvement programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Sharma
- Centre for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, District Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Dixit Sharma
- Centre for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, District Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Shailender Kumar Verma
- Centre for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, District Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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Watts-Williams SJ, Wege S, Ramesh SA, Berkowitz O, Xu B, Gilliham M, Whelan J, Tyerman SD. The function of the Medicago truncatula ZIP transporter MtZIP14 is linked to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal colonization. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:1691-1704. [PMID: 36654510 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Soil micronutrient availability, including zinc (Zn), is a limiting factor for crop yield. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi can improve host plant growth and nutrition through the mycorrhizal pathway of nutrient uptake. Although the physiology of Zn uptake through the mycorrhizal pathway is well established, the identity of the related molecular components are unknown. Here, RNA-seq analysis was used to identify genes differentially-regulated by AM colonization and soil Zn concentration in roots of Medicago truncatula. The putative Zn transporter gene MtZIP14 was markedly up-regulated in M. truncatula roots when colonized by Rhizophagus irregularis. MtZIP14 restored yeast growth under low Zn availability. Loss-of-function mutant plants (mtzip14) had reduced shoot biomass compared to the wild-type when colonized by AM fungi and grown under low and sufficient soil Zn concentration; at high soil Zn concentration, there were no genotypic differences in shoot biomass. The vesicular and arbuscular colonization of roots was lower in the mtzip14 plants regardless of soil Zn concentration. We propose that MtZIP14 is linked to AM colonization in M. truncatula plants, with the possibility that MtZIP14 function with AM colonization is linked to plant Zn nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie J Watts-Williams
- The Waite Research Institute and The School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- The Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Australia
| | - Stefanie Wege
- The Waite Research Institute and The School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- The Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Australia
| | - Sunita A Ramesh
- The Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Australia
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Oliver Berkowitz
- The Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Australia
- Department of Animal Plant and Soil Science, School of Life Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bo Xu
- The Waite Research Institute and The School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- The Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Australia
| | - Matthew Gilliham
- The Waite Research Institute and The School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- The Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Australia
| | - James Whelan
- The Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Australia
| | - Stephen D Tyerman
- The Waite Research Institute and The School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- The Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Australia
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Singh S, Kaur J, Ram H, Singh J, Kaur S. Agronomic bio-fortification of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) to alleviate zinc deficiency in human being. RE/VIEWS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND BIO/TECHNOLOGY 2023; 22:505-526. [PMID: 37234132 PMCID: PMC10134721 DOI: 10.1007/s11157-023-09653-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide, 40% population consumes wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) as a staple food that is low in zinc (Zn) content. Zn deficiency is a major micronutrient disorder in crop plants and humans worldwide, adversely impacting agricultural productivity, human health and socio-economic concern. Globally, the entire cycle of increasing the Zn concentration in wheat grains and its ultimate effect on grain yield, quality, human health & nutrition and socio-economic status of livelihood is less compared. So the present studies were planned to compare the worldwide studies for the alleviation of Zn malnutrition. Zn intake is affected by numerous factors from soil to crop, crop to food and food to humans. The post-harvest fortification, diversification in dietary habits, mineral supplementation and biofortification are various possible approaches to enhance the Zn concentration in food. The wheat grains Zn is influenced by the Zn application technique and time concerning crop developmental stages. The use of soil microorganisms mobilize unavailable Zn, and improve Zn assimilation, plant growth, yield and Zn content in wheat. Climate change can have an inverse impact on the efficiency of agronomic biofortification methods due to a reduction in grain-filling stages. Agronomic biofortification can improve Zn content, crop yield as well as quality and ultimately, have a positive impact on human nutrition, health and socioeconomic status of livelihood. Though bio-fortification research has progressed, some crucial areas are still needed to be addressed or improved to achieve the fundamental purpose of agronomic biofortification.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jagmohan Kaur
- Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004 India
| | - Hari Ram
- Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004 India
| | | | - Sirat Kaur
- Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004 India
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Interaction between Sulfate and Selenate in Tetraploid Wheat (Triticum turgidum L.) Genotypes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065443. [PMID: 36982516 PMCID: PMC10055959 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient of fundamental importance to human health and the main Se source is from plant-derived foods. Plants mainly take up Se as selenate (SeO42−), through the root sulfate transport system, because of their chemical similarity. The aims of this study were (1) to characterize the interaction between Se and S during the root uptake process, by measuring the expression of genes coding for high-affinity sulfate transporters and (2) to explore the possibility of increasing plant capability to take up Se by modulating S availability in the growth medium. We selected different tetraploid wheat genotypes as model plants, including a modern genotype, Svevo (Triticum turgidum ssp. durum), and three ancient Khorasan wheats, Kamut, Turanicum 21, and Etrusco (Triticum turgidum ssp. turanicum). The plants were cultivated hydroponically for 20 days in the presence of two sulfate levels, adequate (S = 1.2 mM) and limiting (L = 0.06 mM), and three selenate levels (0, 10, 50 μM). Our findings clearly showed the differential expression of genes encoding the two high-affinity transporters (TdSultr1.1 and TdSultr1.3), which are involved in the primary uptake of sulfate from the rhizosphere. Interestingly, Se accumulation in shoots was higher when S was limited in the nutrient solution.
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Caldelas C, Rezzouk FZ, Aparicio Gutiérrez N, Diez–Fraile MC, Araus Ortega JL. Interaction of genotype, water availability, and nitrogen fertilization on the mineral content of wheat grain. Food Chem 2023; 404:134565. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Manjunath KK, Krishna H, Devate NB, Sunilkumar VP, Chauhan D, Singh S, Mishra CN, Singh JB, Sinha N, Jain N, Singh GP, Singh PK. Mapping of the QTLs governing grain micronutrients and thousand kernel weight in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) using high density SNP markers. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1105207. [PMID: 36845058 PMCID: PMC9950559 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1105207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofortification is gaining importance globally to improve human nutrition through enhancing the micronutrient content, such as vitamin A, iron, and zinc, in staple food crops. The present study aims to identify the chromosomal regions governing the grain iron concentration (GFeC), grain zinc concentration (GZnC), and thousand kernel weight (TKW) using recombinant inbred lines (RILs) in wheat, developed from a cross between HD3086 and HI1500. The experiment was conducted in four different production conditions at Delhi viz., control, drought, heat, and combined heat and drought stress and at Indore under drought stress. Grain iron and zinc content increased under heat and combined stress conditions, while thousand kernel weight decreased. Medium to high heritability with a moderate correlation between grain iron and zinc was observed. Out of 4,106 polymorphic markers between the parents, 3,407 SNP markers were used for linkage map construction which spanned over a length of 14791.18 cm. QTL analysis identified a total of 32 chromosomal regions governing the traits under study, which includes 9, 11, and 12 QTLs for GFeC, GZnC, and TKW, respectively. A QTL hotspot was identified on chromosome 4B which is associated with grain iron, grain zinc, and thousand kernel weight explaining the phenotypic variance of 29.28, 10.98, and 17.53%, respectively. Similarly, common loci were identified on chromosomes 4B and 4D for grain iron, zinc, and thousand kernel weight. In silico analysis of these chromosomal regions identified putative candidate genes that code for proteins such as Inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate 5/6-kinase, P-loop containing nucleoside triphosphate hydrolase, Pleckstrin homology (PH) domains, Serine-threonine/tyrosine-protein kinase and F-box-like domain superfamily proteins which play role in many important biochemical or physiological process. The identified markers linked to QTLs can be used in MAS once successfully validated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hari Krishna
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India,*Correspondence: Hari Krishna,
| | - Narayana Bhat Devate
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - V. P. Sunilkumar
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Divya Chauhan
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Shweta Singh
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - C. N. Mishra
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, India
| | - J. B. Singh
- Regional Station, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Indore, India
| | - Nivedita Sinha
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Neelu Jain
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Pradeep Kumar Singh
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India,*Correspondence: Hari Krishna,
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Effect of Milling on Nutritional Components in Common and Zinc-Biofortified Wheat. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15040833. [PMID: 36839191 PMCID: PMC9962471 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofortification is one of the most successful approaches to enhance the level of micronutrients in wheat. In the present study, wheats with zinc biofortification (foliar fertilization and breeding strategies) were milled into five components (whole flour, break flour, reduction flour, fine bran, and coarse bran) and their mineral content and nutritional components were evaluated. The results revealed that biofortification greatly increased the Zn concentration (by 30.58%-30.86%) and soluble Zn content (by 28.57%-42.86%) of whole flour after digestion. This improvement is mainly in break flour, reduction flour, and fine bran. Meanwhile, the contents of macronutrients including ash, lipids, and proteins and micronutrients containing iron, calcium, and vitamins (B1, B6, and B9) increased after biofortification. In addition, there was a decline in the concentrations of vitamins B2 and B5. Although dietary fibers and starch are the major carbohydrates, total dietary fiber exhibited a declining trend in coarse bran, and starch exhibited a rising trend in break and reduction flour. There was a decrease in the molar ratio of phytates: zinc did not promote a significant improvement in zinc bioaccessibility. These results can be useful for generating wheat varieties rich in micronutrients as well as having better nutritional traits.
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Devate NB, Krishna H, Mishra CN, Manjunath KK, Sunilkumar VP, Chauhan D, Singh S, Sinha N, Jain N, Singh GP, Singh PK. Genetic dissection of marker trait associations for grain micro-nutrients and thousand grain weight under heat and drought stress conditions in wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1082513. [PMID: 36726675 PMCID: PMC9885108 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1082513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Wheat is grown and consumed worldwide, making it an important staple food crop for both its calorific and nutritional content. In places where wheat is used as a staple food, suboptimal micronutrient content levels, especially of grain iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn), can lead to malnutrition. Grain nutrient content is influenced by abiotic stresses, such as drought and heat stress. The best method for addressing micronutrient deficiencies is the biofortification of food crops. The prerequisites for marker-assisted varietal development are the identification of the genomic region responsible for high grain iron and zinc contents and an understanding of their genetics. Methods A total of 193 diverse wheat genotypes were evaluated under drought and heat stress conditions across the years at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, under timely sown irrigated (IR), restricted irrigated (RI) and late sown (LS) conditions. Grain iron content (GFeC) and grain zinc content (GZnC) were estimated from both the control and treatment groups. Genotyping of all the lines under study was carried out with the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from Breeder's 35K Axiom Array. Result and Discussion Three subgroups were observed in the association panel based on both principal component analysis (PCA) and dendrogram analysis. A large whole-genome linkage disequilibrium (LD) block size of 3.49 Mb was observed. A genome-wide association study identified 16 unique stringent marker trait associations for GFeC, GZnC, and 1000-grain weight (TGW). In silico analysis demonstrated the presence of 28 potential candidate genes in the flanking region of 16 linked SNPs, such as synaptotagmin-like mitochondrial-lipid-binding domain, HAUS augmin-like complex, di-copper center-containing domain, protein kinase, chaperonin Cpn60, zinc finger, NUDIX hydrolase, etc. Expression levels of these genes in vegetative tissues and grain were also found. Utilization of identified markers in marker-assisted breeding may lead to the rapid development of biofortified wheat genotypes to combat malnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayana Bhat Devate
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural research institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Hari Krishna
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural research institute, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | - V. P. Sunilkumar
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural research institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Divya Chauhan
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural research institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Shweta Singh
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural research institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Nivedita Sinha
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural research institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Neelu Jain
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural research institute, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Pradeep Kumar Singh
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural research institute, New Delhi, India
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Harrington SA, Connorton JM, Nyangoma NIM, McNelly R, Morgan YML, Aslam MF, Sharp PA, Johnson AAT, Uauy C, Balk J. A two-gene strategy increases iron and zinc concentrations in wheat flour, improving mineral bioaccessibility. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:528-541. [PMID: 36308454 PMCID: PMC9806615 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Dietary deficiencies of iron and zinc cause human malnutrition that can be mitigated by biofortified staple crops. Conventional breeding approaches to increase grain mineral concentrations in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) have had only limited success, and our understanding of the genetic and physiological barriers to altering this trait is incomplete. Here we demonstrate that a transgenic approach combining endosperm-specific expression of the wheat VACUOLAR IRON TRANSPORTER gene TaVIT2-D with constitutive expression of the rice (Oryza sativa) NICOTIANAMINE SYNTHASE gene OsNAS2 significantly increases the total concentration of zinc and relocates iron to white-flour fractions. In two distinct bread wheat cultivars, we show that the so called VIT-NAS construct led to a two-fold increase in zinc in wholemeal flour, to ∼50 µg g-1. Total iron was not significantly increased, but redistribution within the grain resulted in a three-fold increase in iron in highly pure, roller-milled white flour, to ∼25 µg g-1. Interestingly, expression of OsNAS2 partially restored iron translocation to the aleurone, which is iron depleted in grain overexpressing TaVIT2 alone. A greater than three-fold increase in the level of the natural plant metal chelator nicotianamine in the grain of VIT-NAS lines corresponded with improved iron and zinc bioaccessibility in white flour. The growth of VIT-NAS plants in the greenhouse was indistinguishable from untransformed controls. Our results provide insights into mineral translocation and distribution in wheat grain and demonstrate that the individual and combined effects of the two transgenes can enhance the nutritional quality of wheat beyond what is possible by conventional breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James M Connorton
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | | | - Rose McNelly
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Yvie M L Morgan
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Mohamad F Aslam
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Paul A Sharp
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | | | - Cristobal Uauy
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
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Jamla M, Joshi S, Patil S, Tripathi BN, Kumar V. MicroRNAs modulating nutrient homeostasis: a sustainable approach for developing biofortified crops. PROTOPLASMA 2023; 260:5-19. [PMID: 35657503 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-022-01775-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
During their lifespan, sessile plants have to cope with bioavailability of the suboptimal nutrient concentration and have to constantly sense/evolve the connecting web of signal cascades for efficient nutrient uptake, storage, and translocation for proper growth and metabolism. However, environmental fluctuations and escalating anthropogenic activities are making it a formidable challenge for plants. This is adding to (micro)nutrient-deficient crops and nutritional insecurity. Biofortification is emerging as a sustainable and efficacious approach which can be utilized to combat the micronutrient malnutrition. A biofortified crop has an enriched level of desired nutrients developed using conventional breeding, agronomic practices, or advanced biotechnological tools. Nutrient homeostasis gets hampered under nutrient stress, which involves disturbance in short-distance and long-distance cell-cell/cell-organ communications involving multiple cellular and molecular components. Advanced sequencing platforms coupled with bioinformatics pipelines and databases have suggested the potential roles of tiny signaling molecules and post-transcriptional regulators, the microRNAs (miRNAs) in key plant phenomena including nutrient homeostasis. miRNAs are seen as emerging targets for biotechnology-based biofortification programs. Thus, understanding the mechanistic insights and regulatory role of miRNAs could open new windows for exploring them in developing nutrient-efficient biofortified crops. This review discusses significance and roles of miRNAs in plant nutrition and nutrient homeostasis and how they play key roles in plant responses to nutrient imbalances/deficiencies/toxicities covering major nutrients-nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn). A perspective view has been given on developing miRNA-engineered biofortified crops with recent success stories. Current challenges and future strategies have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Jamla
- Department of Biotechnology, Modern College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411016, India
| | - Shrushti Joshi
- Department of Biotechnology, Modern College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411016, India
| | - Suraj Patil
- Department of Biotechnology, Modern College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411016, India
| | - Bhumi Nath Tripathi
- Department of Biotechnology, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, 484887, India
| | - Vinay Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Modern College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411016, India.
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Kamble U, Mishra CN, Govindan V, Sharma AK, Pawar S, Kumar S, Krishnappa G, Gupta OP, Singh GP, Singh G. Ensuring Nutritional Security in India through Wheat Biofortification: A Review. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13122298. [PMID: 36553565 PMCID: PMC9778289 DOI: 10.3390/genes13122298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Undernourishment of nutrients, also known as hidden hunger, affects over 2 billion populace globally. Even though stunting among children below five years of age has decreased in India in the last ten years, India is home to roughly thirty percent of the world's population of stunted pre-schoolers. A significant improvement has been witnessed in the targeted development and deployment of biofortified crops; approximately 20 million farm households from developing counties benefit from cultivating and consuming biofortified crops. There is ample scope for including biofortified varieties in the seed chain, ensuring nutritional security. Wheat is a dietary staple in India, typically consumed as wholemeal flour in the form of flatbreads such as chapatti and roti. Wheat contributes to nearly one fifth of global energy requirements and can also provide better amounts of iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn). As a result, biofortified wheat can serve as a medium for delivery of essential micronutrients such as Fe and Zn to end users. This review discusses wheat biofortification components such as Fe and Zn dynamics, its uptake and movement in plants, the genetics of their buildup, and the inclusion of biofortified wheat varieties in the seed multiplication chain concerning India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umesh Kamble
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal 132001, India
| | - Chandra Nath Mishra
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal 132001, India
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +91-946-8251-294
| | | | - Amit Kumar Sharma
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal 132001, India
| | - Sushma Pawar
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal 132001, India
| | - Satish Kumar
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal 132001, India
| | | | - Om Prakash Gupta
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal 132001, India
| | | | - Gyanendra Singh
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal 132001, India
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14
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Roy C, Kumar S, Ranjan RD, Kumhar SR, Govindan V. Genomic approaches for improving grain zinc and iron content in wheat. Front Genet 2022; 13:1045955. [PMID: 36437911 PMCID: PMC9683485 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1045955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
More than three billion people worldwide suffer from iron deficiency associated anemia and an equal number people suffer from zinc deficiency. These conditions are more prevalent in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. In developing countries, children under the age of five with stunted growth and pregnant or lactating women were found to be at high risk of zinc and iron deficiencies. Biofortification, defined as breeding to develop varieties of staple food crops whose grain contains higher levels of micronutrients such as iron and zinc, are one of the most promising, cost-effective and sustainable ways to improve the health in resource-poor households, particularly in rural areas where families consume some part of what they grow. Biofortification through conventional breeding in wheat, particularly for grain zinc and iron, have made significant contributions, transferring important genes and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) from wild and related species into cultivated wheat. Nonetheless, the quantitative, genetically complex nature of iron and zinc levels in wheat grain limits progress through conventional breeding, making it difficult to attain genetic gain both for yield and grain mineral concentrations. Wheat biofortification can be achieved by enhancing mineral uptake, source-to-sink translocation of minerals and their deposition into grains, and the bioavailability of the minerals. A number of QTLs with major and minor effects for those traits have been detected in wheat; introducing the most effective into breeding lines will increase grain zinc and iron concentrations. New approaches to achieve this include marker assisted selection and genomic selection. Faster breeding approaches need to be combined to simultaneously increase grain mineral content and yield in wheat breeding lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandan Roy
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Agriculture University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sudhir Kumar
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Bihar Agricultural University, Bhagalpur, Bihar, India
| | - Rakesh Deo Ranjan
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Bihar Agricultural University, Bhagalpur, Bihar, India
| | - Sita Ram Kumhar
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Agriculture University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Velu Govindan
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Mexico City, Mexico
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15
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Sangeetha VJ, Dutta S, Moses JA, Anandharamakrishnan C. Zinc nutrition and human health: Overview and implications. EFOOD 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/efd2.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- V. J. Sangeetha
- Computational Modeling and Nanoscale Processing Unit National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management – Thanjavur, Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Government of India Thanjavur India
| | - Sayantani Dutta
- Computational Modeling and Nanoscale Processing Unit National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management – Thanjavur, Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Government of India Thanjavur India
| | - J. A. Moses
- Computational Modeling and Nanoscale Processing Unit National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management – Thanjavur, Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Government of India Thanjavur India
| | - C. Anandharamakrishnan
- Computational Modeling and Nanoscale Processing Unit National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management – Thanjavur, Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Government of India Thanjavur India
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16
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Wieser H, Koehler P, Scherf KA. Chemistry of wheat gluten proteins: Quantitative composition. Cereal Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cche.10553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Wieser
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry University of Hamburg Hamburg Germany
| | | | - Katharina A. Scherf
- Department of Bioactive and Functional Food Chemistry, Institute of Applied Biosciences Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Karlsruhe Germany
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Kumar S, Jacob SR, Mir RR, Vikas VK, Kulwal P, Chandra T, Kaur S, Kumar U, Kumar S, Sharma S, Singh R, Prasad S, Singh AM, Singh AK, Kumari J, Saharan MS, Bhardwaj SC, Prasad M, Kalia S, Singh K. Indian Wheat Genomics Initiative for Harnessing the Potential of Wheat Germplasm Resources for Breeding Disease-Resistant, Nutrient-Dense, and Climate-Resilient Cultivars. Front Genet 2022; 13:834366. [PMID: 35846116 PMCID: PMC9277310 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.834366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Wheat is one of the major staple cereal food crops in India. However, most of the wheat-growing areas experience several biotic and abiotic stresses, resulting in poor quality grains and reduced yield. To ensure food security for the growing population in India, there is a compelling need to explore the untapped genetic diversity available in gene banks for the development of stress-resistant/tolerant cultivars. The improvement of any crop lies in exploring and harnessing the genetic diversity available in its genetic resources in the form of cultivated varieties, landraces, wild relatives, and related genera. A huge collection of wheat genetic resources is conserved in various gene banks across the globe. Molecular and phenotypic characterization followed by documentation of conserved genetic resources is a prerequisite for germplasm utilization in crop improvement. The National Genebank of India has an extensive and diverse collection of wheat germplasm, comprising Indian wheat landraces, primitive cultivars, breeding lines, and collection from other countries. The conserved germplasm can contribute immensely to the development of wheat cultivars with high levels of biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. Breeding wheat varieties that can give high yields under different stress environments has not made much headway due to high genotypes and environmental interaction, non-availability of truly resistant/tolerant germplasm, and non-availability of reliable markers linked with the QTL having a significant impact on resistance/tolerance. The development of new breeding technologies like genomic selection (GS), which takes into account the G × E interaction, will facilitate crop improvement through enhanced climate resilience, by combining biotic and abiotic stress resistance/tolerance and maximizing yield potential. In this review article, we have summarized different constraints being faced by Indian wheat-breeding programs, challenges in addressing biotic and abiotic stresses, and improving quality and nutrition. Efforts have been made to highlight the wealth of Indian wheat genetic resources available in our National Genebank and their evaluation for the identification of trait-specific germplasm. Promising genotypes to develop varieties of important targeted traits and the development of different genomics resources have also been highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundeep Kumar
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
- *Correspondence: Sundeep Kumar,
| | - Sherry R. Jacob
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
| | - Reyazul Rouf Mir
- Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir (SKUAST-Kashmir), Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - V. K. Vikas
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Pawan Kulwal
- State Level Biotechnology Centre, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, India
| | - Tilak Chandra
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
| | - Satinder Kaur
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Uttam Kumar
- Borlaug Institute for South Asia, Ludhiana, India
| | - Suneel Kumar
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
| | - Shailendra Sharma
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh
| | - Ravinder Singh
- School of Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu (SKUAST-Jammu), Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Sai Prasad
- Indian Agriculture Research Institute Regional Research Station, Indore, India
| | - Anju Mahendru Singh
- Division of Genetics, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Amit Kumar Singh
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
| | - Jyoti Kumari
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
| | - M. S. Saharan
- Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Manoj Prasad
- Laboratory of Plant Virology, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjay Kalia
- Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, New Delhi, India
| | - Kuldeep Singh
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
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Kenzhebayeva S, Atabayeva S, Sarsu F, Abekova A, Shoinbekova S, Omirbekova N, Doktyrbay G, Beisenova A, Shavrukov Y. Organ-specific expression of genes involved in iron homeostasis in wheat mutant lines with increased grain iron and zinc content. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13515. [PMID: 35707120 PMCID: PMC9190668 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Iron deficiency is a well-known nutritional disorder, and the imbalance of trace-elements, specifically iron, is the most common nutrient deficiency of foods across the world, including in Kazakhstan. Wheat has significant nutritional relevance, especially in the provision of iron, however many bread wheat varieties have low iron despite the need for human nourishment. In this study, the expression profiles of wheat homologous genes related to iron homeostasis were investigated. The work resulted in the development of two new M5 mutant lines of spring bread wheat through gamma-irradiation (200 Gy) with higher grain iron and zinc content, lower phytic acid content, and enhanced iron bioavailability compared to the parent variety. Mutant lines were also characterized by higher means of yield associated traits such as grain number per main spike, grain weight per main spike, grain weight per plant, and thousand-grain weight. Methods The homologous genes of bread wheat from several groups were selected for gene expression studies exploring the tight control of iron uptake, translocation rate and accumulation in leaves and roots, and comprised the following: (1) S-adenosylmethionine synthase (SAMS), nicotianamine synthase (NAS1), nicotianamine aminotransferase (NAAT), deoxymugineic acid synthetase (DMAS), involved in the synthesis and release of phytosiderophores; (2) transcription factor basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH); (3) transporters of mugineic acid (TOM), involved in long-distance iron transport; (4) yellow stripe-like (YSlA), and the vacuolar transporter (VIT2), involved in intracellular iron transport and storage; and lastly (5) natural resistance-associated macrophage protein (NRAMP) and ferritin (Fer1A). Results The wheat homologous genes TaSAMS, TaNAS1, and TaDMAS, were significantly up-regulated in the roots of both mutant lines by 2.1-4.7-fold compared to the parent variety. The combined over-expression of TaYSlA and TaVIT2 was also revealed in the roots of mutant lines by 1.3-2.7-fold. In one of the mutant lines, genes encoding intracellular iron transport and storage genes TaNRAMP and TaFer1A-D showed significant up-regulation in roots and leaves (by 1.4- and 3.5-fold, respectively). The highest expression was recorded in the transcription factor TabHLH, which was expressed 13.1- and 30.2-fold in the roots of mutant lines. Our research revealed that genotype-dependent and organ-specific gene expression profiles can provide new insights into iron uptake, translocation rate, storage, and regulation in wheat which aid the prioritization of gene targets for iron biofortification and bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saule Kenzhebayeva
- Department of Biotechnology/Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Saule Atabayeva
- Department of Biotechnology/Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Fatma Sarsu
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Alfiya Abekova
- Kazakh Research Institute of Agriculture and Plant Growing, Almaty Region, Kazakhstan
| | - Sabina Shoinbekova
- Department of Biotechnology/Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Nargul Omirbekova
- Department of Biotechnology/Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Gulina Doktyrbay
- Department of Biotechnology/Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Aizhan Beisenova
- Department of Molecular Biology, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Yuri Shavrukov
- College of Science and Engineering (Biological Sciences), Flinders University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
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19
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Wani SH, Gaikwad K, Razzaq A, Samantara K, Kumar M, Govindan V. Improving Zinc and Iron Biofortification in Wheat through Genomics Approaches. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:8007-8023. [PMID: 35661970 PMCID: PMC9165711 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07326-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Globally, about 20% of calories (energy) come from wheat. In some countries, it is more than 70%. More than 2 billion people are at risk for zinc deficiency and even more, people are at risk of iron deficiency, nearly a quarter of all children underage group of 5 are physically and cognitively stunted, and lack of dietary zinc is a major contributing factor. Biofortified wheat with elevated levels of zinc and iron has several potential advantages as a delivery vehicle for micronutrients in the diets of resource-poor consumers who depend on cereal-based diets. The conventional breeding strategies have been successful in the introduction of novel alleles for grain Zn and Fe that led to the release of competitive Zn enriched wheat varieties in South Asia. The major challenge over the next few decades will be to maintain the rates of genetic gains for grain yield along with increased grain Zn/Fe concentration to meet the food and nutritional security challenges. Therefore, to remain competitive, the performance of Zn-enhanced lines/varieties must be equal or superior to that of current non-biofortified elite lines/varieties. Since both yield and Zn content are invisible and quantitatively inherited traits except few intermediate effect QTL regions identified for grain Zn, increased breeding efforts and new approaches are required to combine them at high frequency, ensuring that Zn levels are steadily increased to the required levels across the breeding pipelines. The current review article provides a comprehensive list of genomic regions for enhancing grain Zn and Fe concentrations in wheat including key candidate gene families such NAS, ZIP, VLT, ZIFL, and YSL. Implementing forward breeding by taking advantage of the rapid cycling trait pipeline approaches would simultaneously introgress high Zn and Fe QTL into the high Zn and normal elite lines, further increasing Zn and Fe concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabir Hussain Wani
- Mountain Research Centre for Field Crops, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, 192102 Khudwani, J&K India
| | - Kiran Gaikwad
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, 110012 New Delhi, India
| | - Ali Razzaq
- Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38040 Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Kajal Samantara
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Centurion University of Technology and Management, 761211 Odisha, India
| | - Manjeet Kumar
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, 110012 New Delhi, India
| | - Velu Govindan
- Global Wheat Program International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center Texcoco Mexico, Texcoco, Mexico
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20
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Evaluation of the Heterogeneity of Wheat Kernels as a Traditional Model Object in Connection with the Asymmetry of Development. Symmetry (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/sym14061124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Wheat is one of the most important crops in the world, providing food for most of the world’s population. Wheat seeds are a popular model object for many experiments to evaluate various factors that improve germination or protect against various adverse stressful effects. Based on the high significance of increasing the productivity of this cereal crop and the applicability of this object, a detailed statistical evaluation of wheat grain (kernel) morphometry was carried out to assess the asymmetry of parameters of this ideal model. Depending on the location of the kernels in the spikelet of a wheat spike, there was a significant asymmetry between the right and left cheeks of the kernels located closer or further from the center of the spikelet. The expressiveness of asymmetry, and consequently, the kernel deformation was higher in the lower kernels of the spikelet. The degree of symmetry; that is, the similarity of the two halves (cheeks) and the kernel as a whole, was higher in kernels located higher in the spikelet. It seems that the reason for this phenomenon lies in the mechanical nature of kernel deformation. The ultrastructure of A-type and B-type starch grains in the central part of the kernel had significant differences between the upper and lower kernels, which indicated in favor of a high probability of differences by the composition and quality of kernels of the same variety when assessed separately. Uniform development of kernels and smaller differences between them may reveal more valuable genotypes in the future, provided their steady reproduction under adverse conditions of a changing climate.
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21
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A S, Sathee L, Singh D, Jha SK, Chinnusamy V, Singh MP. Interactive effect of elevated CO 2 and nitrogen dose reprograms grain ionome and associated gene expression in bread wheat. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 179:134-143. [PMID: 35344758 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Wheat crop grown under elevated CO2 (EC) often have a lowered grain nitrogen (N) and protein concentration along with an altered grain ionome. The mechanistic understanding on the impact of CO2 x N interactions on the grain ionome and the expression of genes regulating grain ionome is scarce in wheat. In the present study, the interactive effect of EC and N dosage on grain yield, grain protein, grain ionome, tissue nitrate, and the expression of genes contributing to grain ionome (TaNAM-B1 and TaYSL6) are described. Three bread wheat genotypes were evaluated under two CO2 levels (Ambient CO2 (AC) of 400 ± 10 ppm and elevated CO2 (EC) of 700 ± 10 ppm) and two N levels (Low (LN) and Optimum N (ON). In EC, wheat genotypes HD2967 and HI 1500 recorded a significant decrease in grain nitrate content, while leaf and stem nitrate showed a significant increase. BT. Schomburgk (BTS), showed a significant increase in unassimilated nitrate and a decline in grain N and grain protein under EC. There was a general decline of grain ionome (N, P, K, Ca, Fe) in EC, except for grain Na content. The expression of genes TaNAM-B1 and TaYSL6 associated with protein and micronutrient remobilization to grains during senescence were affected by both EC and N treatments. For instance, in flag leaves of BTS, the expression of TaNAM-B1 and TaYSL6 were lower in EC-LN compared to AC-LN. In maturing spikes, transcript abundance of TaNAM-B1 and TaYSL6 were lower in EC in BTS. The altered transcript abundance of TaYSL6 and TaNAM-B1 in source and sink supports the change in grain ionome and suggests an N dependent transcriptional reprogramming in EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinto A
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Lekshmy Sathee
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
| | - Dalveer Singh
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Shailendra K Jha
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Viswanathan Chinnusamy
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Madan Pal Singh
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
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22
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Shi X, Zhou Z, Li W, Qin M, Yang P, Hou J, Huang F, Lei Z, Wu Z, Wang J. Genome-wide association study reveals the genetic architecture for calcium accumulation in grains of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:229. [PMID: 35508960 PMCID: PMC9066855 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03602-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a leading cereal crop worldwide. Understanding the mechanism of calcium (Ca) accumulation in wheat is important to reduce the risk of human micronutrient deficiencies. However, the mechanisms of Ca accumulation in wheat grain are only partly understood. RESULTS Here, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed to dissect the genetic basis of Ca accumulation in wheat grain using an association population consisting of 207 varieties, with phenotypic data from three locations. In total, 11 non-redundant genetic loci associated with Ca concentration were identified and they explained, on average, 9.61-26.93% of the phenotypic variation. Cultivars containing more superior alleles had increased grain Ca concentrations. Notably, four non-redundant loci were mutually verified by different statistical models in at least two environments, indicating their stability across different environments. Four putative candidate genes linked to Ca accumulation were revealed from the stable genetic loci. Among them, two genes, associated with the stable genetic loci on chromosomes 4A (AX-108912427) and 3B (AX-110922471), encode the subunits of V-type Proton ATPase (TraesCS4A02G428900 and TraesCS3B02G241000), which annotated as the typical generators of a proton gradient that might be involved in Ca homeostasis in wheat grain. CONCLUSION To identify genetic loci associated with Ca accumulation, we conducted GWAS on Ca concentrations and detected 11 genetic loci; whereas four genetic loci were stable across different environments. A genetic loci hot spot exists at the end of chromosome 4A and associated with the putative candidate gene TraesCS4A02G428900. The candidate gene TraesCS4A02G428900 encodes V-type proton ATPase subunit e and highly expressed in wheat grains, and it possibly involved in Ca accumulation. This study increases our understanding of the genetic architecture of Ca accumulation in wheat grains, which is potentially helpful for wheat Ca biofortification pyramid breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Shi
- Henan Institute of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Zhengfu Zhou
- Henan Institute of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Wenxu Li
- Henan Institute of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Maomao Qin
- Henan Institute of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Pan Yang
- Henan Institute of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Jinna Hou
- Henan Institute of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Fangfang Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Zhensheng Lei
- Henan Institute of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
- The Shennong Laboratory, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China.
- College of Chemistry and Environment Engineering, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, 467000, China.
| | - Zhengqing Wu
- Henan Institute of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Jiansheng Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environment Engineering, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, 467000, China.
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Current Status and Potential of Biofortification to Enhance Crop Nutritional Quality: An Overview. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14063301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Around 2 billion people are suffering from chronic malnutrition or “hidden hunger”, which is the result of many diseases and disorders, including cognitive degeneration, stunting growth, and mortality. Thus, biofortification of staple food crops enriched with micronutrients is a more sustainable option for providing nutritional supplements and managing malnutrition in a society. Since 2001, when the concept of biofortification came to light, different research activities have been carried out, like the development of target populations, breeding or genetic engineering, and the release of biofortified cultivars, in addition to conducting nutritional efficacy trials and delivery plan development. Although, being a cost-effective intervention, it still faces many challenges, like easy accessibility of biofortified cultivars, stakeholders’ acceptance, and the availability of biofortified germplasm in the public domain, which varies from region to region. Hence, this review is focused on the recent potential, efforts made to crop biofortification, impacts analysis on human health, cost-effectiveness, and future perspectives to further strengthen biofortification programs. Through regular interventions of sustainable techniques and methodologies, biofortification holds huge potential to solve the malnutrition problem through regular interventions of nutrient-enriched staple food options for billions of people globally.
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Beasley JT, Bonneau JP, Moreno-Moyano LT, Callahan DL, Howell KS, Tako E, Taylor J, Glahn RP, Appels R, Johnson AAT. Multi-year field evaluation of nicotianamine biofortified bread wheat. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 109:1168-1182. [PMID: 34902177 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Conventional breeding efforts for iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) biofortification of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) have been hindered by a lack of genetic variation for these traits and a negative correlation between grain Fe and Zn concentrations and yield. We have employed genetic engineering to constitutively express (CE) the rice (Oryza sativa) nicotianamine synthase 2 (OsNAS2) gene and upregulate biosynthesis of two metal chelators - nicotianamine (NA) and 2'-deoxymugineic acid (DMA) - in bread wheat, resulting in increased Fe and Zn concentrations in wholemeal and white flour. Here we describe multi-location confined field trial (CFT) evaluation of a low-copy transgenic CE-OsNAS2 wheat event (CE-1) over 3 years and demonstrate higher concentrations of NA, DMA, Fe, and Zn in CE-1 wholemeal flour, white flour, and white bread and higher Fe bioavailability in CE-1 white flour relative to a null segregant (NS) control. Multi-environment models of agronomic and grain nutrition traits revealed a negative correlation between grain yield and grain Fe, Zn, and total protein concentrations, yet no correlation between grain yield and grain NA and DMA concentrations. White flour Fe bioavailability was positively correlated with white flour NA concentration, suggesting that NA-chelated Fe should be targeted in wheat Fe biofortification efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse T Beasley
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Julien P Bonneau
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Laura T Moreno-Moyano
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Damien L Callahan
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3125, Australia
| | - Kate S Howell
- School of Agriculture and Food, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Elad Tako
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Stocking Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14853-7201, USA
| | - Julian Taylor
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, 5064, Australia
| | - Raymond P Glahn
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Rudi Appels
- School of Agriculture and Food, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Alexander A T Johnson
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
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25
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Stanton C, Sanders D, Krämer U, Podar D. Zinc in plants: Integrating homeostasis and biofortification. MOLECULAR PLANT 2022; 15:65-85. [PMID: 34952215 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2021.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Zinc plays many essential roles in life. As a strong Lewis acid that lacks redox activity under environmental and cellular conditions, the Zn2+ cation is central in determining protein structure and catalytic function of nearly 10% of most eukaryotic proteomes. While specific functions of zinc have been elucidated at a molecular level in a number of plant proteins, wider issues abound with respect to the acquisition and distribution of zinc by plants. An important challenge is to understand how plants balance between Zn supply in soil and their own nutritional requirement for zinc, particularly where edaphic factors lead to a lack of bioavailable zinc or, conversely, an excess of zinc that bears a major risk of phytotoxicity. Plants are the ultimate source of zinc in the human diet, and human Zn deficiency accounts for over 400 000 deaths annually. Here, we review the current understanding of zinc homeostasis in plants from the molecular and physiological perspectives. We provide an overview of approaches pursued so far in Zn biofortification of crops. Finally, we outline a "push-pull" model of zinc nutrition in plants as a simplifying concept. In summary, this review discusses avenues that can potentially deliver wider benefits for both plant and human Zn nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dale Sanders
- John Innes Centre, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Ute Krämer
- Molecular Genetics and Physiology of Plants, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Dorina Podar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology and Centre for Systems Biology, Biodiversity and Bioresources, Babes-Bolyai University, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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26
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Malika S, Ullah A, Anjum AA, Sattar MMK, Ali T, Manzoor R. Bio-efficacy of iron and zinc fortified wheat flour along with bio-assessment of its hepatic and renal toxic potential. BRAZ J BIOL 2022; 82:e261695. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.261695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Study was planned to assess the bio-efficiency along with toxicity of iron and zinc fortified whole wheat flour in Sprague dawley albino rats. Whole wheat flour was fortified with different dosage of sodium iron EDTA (NaFeEDTA), ferrous sulphate (FeSO4), zinc oxide (ZnO) and zinc sulphate (ZnSO4). The rats (n=3) in each group were fed on fortified wheat flour for 2 months. Liver biomarkers including alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and bilirubin were recorded from serum samples. Increased concentration of ZnSO4 affected the liver biomarkers to be highest among all whereas, bilirubin levels were less than the rats fed on control diet. The above mentioned fortificants have negligible effect on renal biomarkers including creatinine and urea. Moreover, hematological parameters were also checked and reportedly, sodium iron EDTA fed rats presented highest amount of hemoglobin, iron and total iron binding capacity. Highest zinc level was observed in rats fed on whole wheat flour fortified with 60mg/Kg Zinc oxide. Microscopic observation of liver tissue depicted that rats fed on iron and zinc fortified wheat flour have more toxic effects whereas, histopathology presentation of kidney tissue has least toxic impact. It has been concluded that mandatory fortification of wheat flour with iron and zinc may cause increased serum biomarkers along with toxicity of vital organs like liver, hence fraction of wheat flour may be fortified to fulfill the requirements of deprived and vulnerable group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A. Ullah
- University of the Punjab, Pakistan
| | - A. A. Anjum
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | | | - T. Ali
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - R. Manzoor
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
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27
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Harnessing the Wild Relatives and Landraces for Fe and Zn Biofortification in Wheat through Genetic Interventions—A Review. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su132312975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Micronutrient deficiencies, particularly iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn), in human diets are affecting over three billion people globally, especially in developing nations where diet is cereal-based. Wheat is one of several important cereal crops that provide food calories to nearly one-third of the population of the world. However, the bioavailability of Zn and Fe in wheat is inherently low, especially under Zn deficient soils. Although various fortification approaches are available, biofortification, i.e., development of mineral-enriched cultivars, is an efficient and sustainable approach to alleviate malnutrition. There is enormous variability in Fe and Zn in wheat germplasm, especially in wild relatives, but this is not utilized to the full extent. Grain Fe and Zn are quantitatively inherited, but high-heritability and genetic correlation at multiple locations indicate the high stability of Fe and Zn in wheat. In the last decade, pre-breeding activities have explored the potential of wild relatives to develop Fe and Zn rich wheat varieties. Furthermore, recent advances in molecular biology have improved the understanding of the uptake, storage, and bioavailability of Fe and Zn. Various transportation proteins encoding genes like YSL 2, IRT 1, OsNAS 3, VIT 1, and VIT 2 have been identified for Fe and Zn uptake, transfer, and accumulation at different developing stages. Hence, the availability of major genomic regions for Fe and Zn content and genome editing technologies are likely to result in high-yielding Fe and Zn biofortified wheat varieties. This review covers the importance of wheat wild relatives for Fe and Zn biofortification, progress in genomics-assisted breeding, and transgenic breeding for improving Fe and Zn content in wheat.
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28
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Sheraz S, Wan Y, Venter E, Verma SK, Xiong Q, Waites J, Connorton JM, Shewry PR, Moore KL, Balk J. Subcellular dynamics studies of iron reveal how tissue-specific distribution patterns are established in developing wheat grains. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 231:1644-1657. [PMID: 33914919 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms of iron trafficking in plants is key to enhancing the nutritional quality of crops. Because it is difficult to image iron in transit, we currently have an incomplete picture of the route(s) of iron translocation in developing seeds and how the tissue-specific distribution is established. We have used a novel approach, combining iron-57 (57 Fe) isotope labelling and nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS), to visualize iron translocation between tissues and within cells in immature wheat grain, Triticum aestivum. This enabled us to track the main route of iron transport from maternal tissues to the embryo through the different cell types. Further evidence for this route was provided by genetically diverting iron into storage vacuoles, with confirmation provided by histological staining and transmission electron microscopy energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (TEM-EDS). Almost all iron in both control and transgenic grains was found in intracellular bodies, indicating symplastic rather than apoplastic transport. Furthermore, a new type of iron body, highly enriched in 57 Fe, was observed in aleurone cells and may represent iron being delivered to phytate globoids. Correlation of the 57 Fe enrichment profiles obtained by NanoSIMS with tissue-specific gene expression provides an updated model of iron homeostasis in cereal grains with relevance for future biofortification strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Sheraz
- School of Materials and Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Yongfang Wan
- Department of Plant Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Eudri Venter
- Bioimaging facility, Department of Computational and Analytical Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Shailender K Verma
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Qing Xiong
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Joshua Waites
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - James M Connorton
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Peter R Shewry
- Department of Plant Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Katie L Moore
- School of Materials and Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Janneke Balk
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
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29
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Lončarić Z, Ivezić V, Kerovec D, Rebekić A. Foliar Zinc-Selenium and Nitrogen Fertilization Affects Content of Zn, Fe, Se, P, and Cd in Wheat Grain. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1549. [PMID: 34451591 PMCID: PMC8401207 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The grain yield and concentrations of Fe, Zn, Se, Cd, and P in two winter wheat genotypes and in vitro bioaccessibility of Fe and Zn under the effect of different nitrogen fertilization and Zn-Se foliar application were evaluated. The total grain Fe, Zn, and Se concentrations, as well as Fe and Zn concentrations, after in vitro digestion were under the strongest effect of foliar Zn-Se application. On the other hand, Fe and Zn bioaccessibility (%) were under the most substantial effect of genotype. Regarding the need to increase concentrations of essential micronutrients in wheat grain, foliar Zn-Se application is a reliable and accepted agricultural practice, but to improve mineral bioaccessibility in human nutrition, foliar Zn-Se application should be combined with the most responsive genotypes. For this reason, further research on the genotype specificity of wheat regarding micronutrient bioaccessibility should be carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdenko Lončarić
- Department of Agroecology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (Z.L.); (V.I.)
- Centre for Applied Life Sciences Healthy Food Chain Ltd., Vladimira Preloga 1, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Vladimir Ivezić
- Department of Agroecology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (Z.L.); (V.I.)
| | - Darko Kerovec
- Central Laboratory for Agroecology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia;
| | - Andrijana Rebekić
- Department for Plant Production and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
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30
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Aiqing Z, Zhang L, Ning P, Chen Q, Wang B, Zhang F, Yang X, Zhang Y. Zinc in cereal grains: Concentration, distribution, speciation, bioavailability, and barriers to transport from roots to grains in wheat. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:7917-7928. [PMID: 34224281 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1920883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is an essential micro-nutrient for humans, and Zn deficiency is of global concern. In addition to inherited and pathological Zn deficiencies, insufficient dietary intake is leading cause, especially in those consuming cereal grains as a stable food, in which Zn concentration and bioavailability are relatively low. To improve Zn levels in the human body, it is important to understand the accumulation and bioavailability of Zn in cereal grains. In recent years, knowledge on the molecular mechanisms underlying Zn uptake, transport, homeostasis, and deposition within cereal crops has been accumulating, paving the way for a more targeted approach to improving the nutrient status of crop plants. In this paper, we briefly review existing studies on the distribution and transport pathways of Zn in major small-grained cereals, using wheat as a case study. The findings confirm that Zn transport in plants is a complex physiological process mainly governed by Zn transporters and metal chelators. This work reviews studies on Zn uptake, transport, and deposition in wheat plants, summarizes the possible barriers impairing Zn deposition in wheat grains, and describes strategies for increasing Zn concentration in wheat grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Aiqing
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Liansheng Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Peng Ning
- National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Department of Plant Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions (Ministry of Education), China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Chen
- Northwest Land and Resources Research Center, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Bini Wang
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Fuxin Zhang
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xingbin Yang
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Youlin Zhang
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
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31
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Kiran A, Wakeel A, Sultana R, Khalid A, Mubaraka R, Shahzad AN, Khan SJ, Noor M. Concentration and Localization of Fe and Zn in Wheat Grain as Affected by Its Application to Soil and Foliage. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 106:852-858. [PMID: 33770197 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-021-03183-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nutritional status of people can be improved by enhancing zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe) content in cereals used as staple mainly in poor resource countries. Zinc and Fe were applied through soil and foliage in a study to biofortify wheat grains. Foliar application of both micronutrients increased the growth and grain vigor as compared to soil application and control. Also, foliar application significantly enhanced Zn and Fe concentration in grain pre-dominantly localized in aleurone layer. Exogeneous application of Fe and Zn was found beneficial for plant growth and enhanced Fe and Zn concentrations in grain, however aleurone layer and embryonic region of the grain showed higher accumulations than that in endosperm. Therefore, understanding of physiological and molecular pathways for uptake and localization of Fe and Zn in wheat grains need to be critically examined to improve their concentration in grain to achieve the biofortification targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysha Kiran
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Abdul Wakeel
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rashida Sultana
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Khalid
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rafia Mubaraka
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Cologne Biocenter, Institute of Botany, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ahmad Naeem Shahzad
- Department of Agronomy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | | | - Mehwish Noor
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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32
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Raina M, Sharma A, Nazir M, Kumari P, Rustagi A, Hami A, Bhau BS, Zargar SM, Kumar D. Exploring the new dimensions of selenium research to understand the underlying mechanism of its uptake, translocation, and accumulation. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 171:882-895. [PMID: 33179766 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is a vital mineral for both plants and animals. It is widely distributed on the earth's crust and is taken up by the plants as selenite or selenate. Plants substantially vary in their physiological response to Se. The amount of Se in edible plants is genetically controlled. Its availability can be determined by measuring its phytoavailability in soil. The low concentration of Se in plants can help them in combating stress, whereas higher concentrations can be detrimental to plant health and in most cases it is toxic. Thus, solving the double-edged sword problem of nutritional Se deficiency and its elevated concentrations in environment requires a better understanding of Se uptake and metabolism in plants. The studies on Se uptake and metabolism can help in genetic biofortification of Se in plants and also assist in phytoremediation. Moreover, Se uptake and transport, especially biochemical pathways of assimilation and incorporation into proteins, offers striking mechanisms of toxicity and tolerance. These developments have led to a revival of Se research in higher plants with significant break throughs being made in the previous years. This review explores the new dimensions of Se research with major emphasis on key research events related to Se undertaken in last few years. Further, we also discussed future possibilities in Se research for crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Raina
- Department of Botany, Central University of Jammu, Rahya-Suchani (Bagla), Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Akanksha Sharma
- Department of Botany, Central University of Jammu, Rahya-Suchani (Bagla), Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Muslima Nazir
- Center of Research for Development (CORD), University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Punam Kumari
- Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Fakir Mohan University, Balasore, Odisha, India
| | - Anjana Rustagi
- Department of Botany, Gargi College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Ammarah Hami
- Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Plant Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Brijmohan Singh Bhau
- Department of Botany, Central University of Jammu, Rahya-Suchani (Bagla), Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Sajad Majeed Zargar
- Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Plant Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Liu J, Huang L, Li T, Liu Y, Yan Z, Tang G, Zheng Y, Liu D, Wu B. Genome-Wide Association Study for Grain Micronutrient Concentrations in Wheat Advanced Lines Derived From Wild Emmer. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:651283. [PMID: 34054897 PMCID: PMC8160437 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.651283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Wheat is one of the important staple crops as the resources of both food and micronutrient for most people of the world. However, the levels of micronutrients (especially Fe and Zn) in common wheat are inherently low. Biofortification is an effective way to increase the micronutrient concentration of wheat. Wild emmer wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides, AABB, 2n = 4x = 28) is an important germplasm resource for wheat micronutrients improvement. In the present study, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed to characterize grain iron, zinc, and manganese concentration (GFeC, GZnC, and GMnC) in 161 advanced lines derived from wild emmer. Using both the general linear model and mixed linear model, we identified 14 high-confidence significant marker-trait associations (MTAs) that were associated with GFeC, GZnC, and GMnC of which nine MTAs were novel. Six MTAs distributed on chromosomes 3B, 4A, 4B, 5A, and 7B were significantly associated with GFeC. Three MTAs on 1A and 2A were significantly associated with GZnC and five MTAs on 1B were significantly associated with GMnC. These MTAs show no negative effects on thousand kernel weight (TKW), implying the potential value for simultaneous improvement of micronutrient concentrations and TKW in breeding. Meanwhile, the GFeC, GZnC and GMnC are positively correlated, suggesting that these traits could be simultaneously improved. Genotypes containing high-confidence MTAs and 61 top genotypes with a higher concentration of grain micronutrients were recommended for wheat biofortification breeding. A total of 38 candidate genes related to micronutrient concentrations were identified. These candidates can be classified into four main groups: enzymes, transporter proteins, MYB transcription factor, and plant defense responses proteins. The MTAs and associated candidate genes provide essential information for wheat biofortification breeding through marker-assisted selection (MAS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
| | - Lin Huang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
| | - Tingxuan Li
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
| | - Yaxi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources and Improvement, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Zehong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources and Improvement, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Guan Tang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
| | - Youliang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources and Improvement, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Dengcai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources and Improvement, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Bihua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources and Improvement, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
- *Correspondence: Bihua Wu
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Gupta PK, Balyan HS, Sharma S, Kumar R. Biofortification and bioavailability of Zn, Fe and Se in wheat: present status and future prospects. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2021; 134:1-35. [PMID: 33136168 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-020-03709-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of genetic variation, genetics, physiology/molecular basis and breeding (including biotechnological approaches) for biofortification and bioavailability for Zn, Fe and Se will help in developing nutritionally improved wheat. Biofortification of wheat cultivars for micronutrients is a priority research area for wheat geneticists and breeders. It is known that during breeding of wheat cultivars for productivity and quality, a loss of grain micronutrient contents occurred, leading to decline in nutritional quality of wheat grain. Keeping this in view, major efforts have been made during the last two decades for achieving biofortification and bioavailability of wheat grain for micronutrients including Zn, Fe and Se. The studies conducted so far included evaluation of gene pools for contents of not only grain micronutrients as above, but also for phytic acid (PA) or phytate and phytase, so that, while breeding for the micronutrients, bioavailability is also improved. For this purpose, QTL interval mapping and GWAS were carried out to identify QTLs/genes and associated markers that were subsequently used for marker-assisted selection (MAS) during breeding for biofortification. Studies have also been conducted to understand the physiology and molecular basis of biofortification, which also allowed identification of genes for uptake, transport and storage of micronutrients. Transgenics using transgenes have also been produced. The breeding efforts led to the development of at least a dozen cultivars with improved contents of grain micronutrients, although land area occupied by these biofortified cultivars is still marginal. In this review, the available information on different aspects of biofortification and bioavailability of micronutrients including Zn, Fe and Se in wheat has been reviewed for the benefit of those, who plan to start work or already conducting research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Gupta
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, U.P, 250004, India.
| | - H S Balyan
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, U.P, 250004, India
| | - Shailendra Sharma
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, U.P, 250004, India
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, U.P, 250004, India
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Choukri H, Hejjaoui K, El-Baouchi A, El Haddad N, Smouni A, Maalouf F, Thavarajah D, Kumar S. Heat and Drought Stress Impact on Phenology, Grain Yield, and Nutritional Quality of Lentil ( Lens culinaris Medikus). Front Nutr 2020; 7:596307. [PMID: 33330596 PMCID: PMC7719779 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.596307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) is a protein-rich cool-season food legume with an excellent source of protein, prebiotic carbohydrates, minerals, and vitamins. With climate change, heat, and drought stresses have become more frequent and intense in lentil growing areas with a strong influence on phenology, grain yield, and nutritional quality. This study aimed to assess the impact of heat and drought stresses on phenology, grain yield, and nutritional quality of lentil. For this purpose, 100 lentil genotypes from the global collection were evaluated under normal, heat, and combined heat-drought conditions. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences (p < 0.001) among lentil genotypes for phenological traits, yield components, and grain quality traits. Under no stress conditions, mineral concentrations among lentil genotypes varied from 48 to 109 mg kg−1 for iron (Fe) and from 31 to 65 mg kg−1 for zinc (Zn), while crude protein content ranged from 22.5 to 32.0%. Iron, zinc, and crude protein content were significantly reduced under stress conditions, and the effect of combined heat-drought stress was more severe than heat stress alone. A significant positive correlation was observed between iron and zinc concentrations under both no stress and stress conditions. Based on grain yield, crude protein, and iron and zinc concentrations, lentil genotypes were grouped into three clusters following the hierarchical cluster analysis. Promising lentil genotypes with high micronutrient contents, crude protein, and grain yield with the least effect of heat and drought stress were identified as the potential donors for biofortification in the lentil breeding program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasnae Choukri
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et de Physiologie Végétales, Faculté des Sciences, Centre de Recherche BioBio, University Mohammed V in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco.,International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Rabat, Morocco
| | - Kamal Hejjaoui
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et de Physiologie Végétales, Faculté des Sciences, Centre de Recherche BioBio, University Mohammed V in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco.,International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Rabat, Morocco
| | - Adil El-Baouchi
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Rabat, Morocco
| | - Noureddine El Haddad
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et de Physiologie Végétales, Faculté des Sciences, Centre de Recherche BioBio, University Mohammed V in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco.,International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Rabat, Morocco
| | - Abdelaziz Smouni
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et de Physiologie Végétales, Faculté des Sciences, Centre de Recherche BioBio, University Mohammed V in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Fouad Maalouf
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Terbol, Lebanon
| | - Dil Thavarajah
- Plant and Environmental Sciences, Pulse Quality and Organic Breeding, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - Shiv Kumar
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Rabat, Morocco
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Chávez‐Dulanto PN, Thiry AAA, Glorio‐Paulet P, Vögler O, Carvalho FP. Increasing the impact of science and technology to provide more people with healthier and safer food. Food Energy Secur 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/fes3.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Perla N. Chávez‐Dulanto
- Department of Plant Sciences Faculty of Agronomy Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina Lima Peru
| | - Arnauld A. A. Thiry
- The Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster University Bailrigg Lancaster United Kingdom
| | - Patricia Glorio‐Paulet
- Department of Food Engineering Faculty of Food Industry Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina Lima Peru
| | - Oliver Vögler
- Group of Clinical and Translational Research Research Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS‐IdISBa) Department of Biology University of the Balearic Islands Palma de Mallorca Spain
| | - Fernando P. Carvalho
- Laboratório de Protecção e Segurança Radiológica Instituto Superior Técnico—Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal
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Elucidating the source–sink relationships of zinc biofortification in wheat grains: A review. Food Energy Secur 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/fes3.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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Johansson E, Henriksson T, Prieto-Linde ML, Andersson S, Ashraf R, Rahmatov M. Diverse Wheat-Alien Introgression Lines as a Basis for Durable Resistance and Quality Characteristics in Bread Wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1067. [PMID: 32765555 PMCID: PMC7379150 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Wheat productivity has been significantly improved worldwide through the incorporation of novel genes from various gene pools, not least from wild relatives of wheat, into the commonly cultivated bread and durum wheat. Here, we present and summarize results obtained from a diverse set of wheat-alien introgression lines with mainly introgressions of rye, but also of Leymus spp. and Thinopyrum junceiforme into bread-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). From this material, lines carrying 2RL were found with good agronomic performance and multiple resistance not least towards several races of powdery mildew. A novel resistance gene, one of few showing resistance towards all today identified stem rust races, designated Sr59, was also found originating from 2RL. Lines with multiple introgressions from 4R, 5R, and 6R were found resistant towards the majority of the stripe rust races known today. Due to lack of agricultural adaptation in these lines, transfer of useful genes into more adapted wheat material is a necessity, work which is also in progress through crosses with the CSph1b mutant, to be able to only transfer small chromosome segments that carry the target gene. Furthermore, resistance towards Russian wheat aphid was found in lines having a substitution of 1R (1D) and translocations of 3DL.3RS and 5AL.5RS. The rye chromosomes 1R, 2R, and 6R were found responsible for resistance towards the Syrian Hessian fly. High levels of especially zinc was found in several lines obtained from crosses with Leymus racemosus and Leymus mollis, while also some lines with 1R, 2R, or 5R showed increased levels of minerals and in particular of iron and zinc. Moreover, lines with 1R, 2R, 3R, and Leymus spp. introgressions were also found to have a combination of high iron and zinc and low cadmium concentrations. High variation was found both in grain protein concentration and gluten strength, measured as %UPP, within the lines, indicating large variation in bread-making quality. Thus, our study emphasizes the impact that wheat-alien introgression lines can contribute to current wheat lines and shows large opportunities both to improve production, resistance, and quality. To obtain such improvements, novel plant breeding tools, as discussed in this paper, opens unique opportunities, to transfer suitable genes into the modern and adapted wheat cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Johansson
- Department of Plant Breeding, The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | | | | | - Staffan Andersson
- Department of Plant Breeding, The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Rimsha Ashraf
- Department of Plant Breeding, The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Mahbubjon Rahmatov
- Department of Plant Breeding, The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
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Gupta OP, Pandey V, Saini R, Narwal S, Malik VK, Khandale T, Ram S, Singh GP. Identifying transcripts associated with efficient transport and accumulation of Fe and Zn in hexaploid wheat (T. aestivum L.). J Biotechnol 2020; 316:46-55. [PMID: 32305628 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2020.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Wheat (T. aestivum L.) is the second most important staple food crop consumed in the form of various end-use products across the world. However, it contains lower concentrations of Fe and Zn leading to micronutrient deficiency in human beings where wheat is the sole diet. Therefore, increasing grain Fe/Zn content in wheat has become priority in wheat breeding programmes across the world. Understanding the molecular mechanism of Fe/Zn transport and accumulation in grains is required to expedite the breeding process. For this purpose, whole seedling transcriptome analysis was conducted in four wheat genotypes (CRP 1660, Sonora 64, Vinata, : high, and DBW17: low) differing in grain Fe/Zn content under controlled and Fe/Zn deficient conditions. Twenty eight key transcripts involved in phytosiderophore biosynthesis, Fe/Zn uptake and transport were identified. Expression analysis of 12 of the transcripts using qPCR was conducted in seedling stage and flag leaf which exhibited greater differential accumulation in CRP 1660 followed by Vinata, Sonora 64 and DBW 17 in both flag leaf and seedling. However, there was significantly higher differential accumulation of the transcripts in flag leaf as compared to seedling. In CRP 1660, transcripts pertaining to phytosiderophore biosynthesis like DMAS1-B, NRAMP2 and NAAT2-D showed greater accumulation. Additionally, corresponding miRNAs were also identified for these 28 transcripts. The findings will help in better understanding of molecular basis of Fe/Zn transport and accumulation in grain and subsequent utilization in breeding to improve Fe/Zn content in wheat grain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Om Prakash Gupta
- Division of Quality and Basic Sciences, ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research (IIWBR), Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India.
| | - Vanita Pandey
- Division of Quality and Basic Sciences, ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research (IIWBR), Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India.
| | - Ritu Saini
- Division of Quality and Basic Sciences, ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research (IIWBR), Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India.
| | - Sneh Narwal
- Division of Quality and Basic Sciences, ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research (IIWBR), Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India.
| | - Vipin Kumar Malik
- Division of Quality and Basic Sciences, ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research (IIWBR), Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India.
| | - Tushar Khandale
- Division of Quality and Basic Sciences, ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research (IIWBR), Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India.
| | - Sewa Ram
- Division of Quality and Basic Sciences, ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research (IIWBR), Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India.
| | - Gyanendra Pratap Singh
- Director, ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research (IIWBR), Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India.
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Mikula K, Izydorczyk G, Skrzypczak D, Mironiuk M, Moustakas K, Witek-Krowiak A, Chojnacka K. Controlled release micronutrient fertilizers for precision agriculture - A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 712:136365. [PMID: 31935544 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The rapid growth of the global population and the resulting need to ensure sufficient food safety in highly productive agricultural practices. Intensive cultivation of plants contributes to the impoverishment of soils and thus forces farmers to apply intensive fertilization with microelements. Precise fertilization techniques are the future of agriculture, in which nutrients are supplied in controlled way with minimized losses to the environment, caused by leaching to groundwater. Kinetics of nutrients release should be thus adjusted to plant requirements and kinetics of uptake by the plant. The paper presents current achievements in the field of fertilizers with controlled release of microelements, which, apart from the main fertilizer components, are also very significant for proper plant growth. Fertilizers are divided into four basic groups, which include low-solubility fertilizers, fertilizers with external coating, bio-based and nano-fertilizers. Despite structural differences, all groups show properties of controlled microelement release. The paper presents new fertilization technologies with consideration of their influence on the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Mikula
- Department of Advanced Material Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Lower Silesia 50-370, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Izydorczyk
- Department of Advanced Material Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Lower Silesia 50-370, Poland
| | - Dawid Skrzypczak
- Department of Advanced Material Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Lower Silesia 50-370, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Mironiuk
- Department of Advanced Material Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Lower Silesia 50-370, Poland
| | - Konstantinos Moustakas
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Iroon Polytechniou Str., Zographou Campus, GR-15780 Athens, Greece
| | - Anna Witek-Krowiak
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Lower Silesia 73, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Chojnacka
- Department of Advanced Material Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Lower Silesia 50-370, Poland.
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41
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Ram H, Gandass N, Sharma A, Singh A, Sonah H, Deshmukh R, Pandey AK, Sharma TR. Spatio-temporal distribution of micronutrients in rice grains and its regulation. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2020; 40:490-507. [DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2020.1742647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hasthi Ram
- Department of Agri-Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, India
| | - Nishu Gandass
- Department of Agri-Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, India
| | - Ankita Sharma
- Department of Agri-Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, India
| | - Anmol Singh
- Department of Agri-Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, India
| | - Humira Sonah
- Department of Agri-Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, India
| | - Rupesh Deshmukh
- Department of Agri-Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Pandey
- Department of Agri-Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, India
| | - Tilak Raj Sharma
- Department of Agri-Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, India
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Zhou Z, Shi X, Zhao G, Qin M, Ibba MI, Wang Y, Li W, Yang P, Wu Z, Lei Z, Wang J. Identification of Novel Genomic Regions and Superior Alleles Associated with Zn Accumulation in Wheat Using a Genome-Wide Association Analysis Method. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21061928. [PMID: 32168957 PMCID: PMC7139793 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21061928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Micronutrient deficiencies, and especially zinc (Zn) deficiency, pose serious health problems to people who mainly depend on cereal-based diets. Here, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to detect the genetic basis of the Zn accumulation in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grains with a diversity panel of 207 bread wheat varieties. To uncover authentic quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling Zn accumulation, the varieties were planted in three locations. In total, 29 unique loci associated with Zn grain accumulation were identified. Notably, seven non-redundant loci located on chromosomes 1B, 3B, 3D, 4A, 5A, 5B, and 7A, were detected at least in two environments. Of these quantitative trait loci (QTL), six coincided with known QTL or genes, whereas the highest effect QTL on chromosome 3D identified in this study was not reported previously. Searches of public databases revealed that the seven identified QTL coincided with seven putative candidate genes linked to Zn accumulation. Among these seven genes, NAC domain-containing protein gene (TraesCS3D02G078500) linked with the most significant single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) AX-94729264 on chromosome 3D was relevant to metal accumulation in wheat grains. Results of this study provide new insights into the genetic architecture of Zn accumulation in wheat grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengfu Zhou
- Wheat Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (Z.Z.); (X.S.); (M.Q.); (Y.W.); (W.L.); (P.Y.); (Z.W.)
| | - Xia Shi
- Wheat Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (Z.Z.); (X.S.); (M.Q.); (Y.W.); (W.L.); (P.Y.); (Z.W.)
| | - Ganqing Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Environment Engineering, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan 467000, China;
| | - Maomao Qin
- Wheat Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (Z.Z.); (X.S.); (M.Q.); (Y.W.); (W.L.); (P.Y.); (Z.W.)
| | - Maria Itria Ibba
- Global Wheat Program, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Mexico, D.F. 06600, Mexico;
| | - Yahuan Wang
- Wheat Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (Z.Z.); (X.S.); (M.Q.); (Y.W.); (W.L.); (P.Y.); (Z.W.)
| | - Wenxu Li
- Wheat Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (Z.Z.); (X.S.); (M.Q.); (Y.W.); (W.L.); (P.Y.); (Z.W.)
| | - Pan Yang
- Wheat Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (Z.Z.); (X.S.); (M.Q.); (Y.W.); (W.L.); (P.Y.); (Z.W.)
| | - Zhengqing Wu
- Wheat Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (Z.Z.); (X.S.); (M.Q.); (Y.W.); (W.L.); (P.Y.); (Z.W.)
- College of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhensheng Lei
- Wheat Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (Z.Z.); (X.S.); (M.Q.); (Y.W.); (W.L.); (P.Y.); (Z.W.)
- College of Chemistry and Environment Engineering, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan 467000, China;
- College of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (J.W.); Tel.: +86-371-6572-4084 (Z.L.); +86-158-3759-0332 (J.W.)
| | - Jiansheng Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environment Engineering, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan 467000, China;
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (J.W.); Tel.: +86-371-6572-4084 (Z.L.); +86-158-3759-0332 (J.W.)
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Cu ST, Guild G, Nicolson A, Velu G, Singh R, Stangoulis J. Genetic dissection of zinc, iron, copper, manganese and phosphorus in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain and rachis at two developmental stages. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 291:110338. [PMID: 31928667 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The development of high-yielding wheat genotypes containing micronutrient-dense grains are the main priorities of biofortification programs. At the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, breeders have successfully crossed high zinc progenitors including synthetic hexaploid wheat, T. dicoccum, T. spelta and landraces to generate high-zinc varieties. In this study, we report a genome-wide association using a wheat diversity panel to dissect the genetics controlling zinc, iron, copper, manganese and phosphorus concentrations in the grain and rachis during grain development and at physiological maturity. Significant marker-trait associations (MTAs) were identified for each nutrient using multi-locus mixed model methodologies. For mature grain, markers that showed significant pleiotropic effects were found on chromosomes 1A, 3B and 5B, of which those on chromosome 5B at ∼95.5 cM were consistent over two growing seasons. Co-located MTAs were identified for the nutrient concentrations in developing grain, rachis and mature grain on multiple chromosomes. The identified genomic regions included putative candidate genes involved in metal uptake and transport and storage protein processing. These findings add to our understanding of the genetics of the five important nutrients in wheat grain and provide information on genetic markers for selecting high micronutrient genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suong T Cu
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, SA 5042, Australia.
| | - Georgia Guild
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Alison Nicolson
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Govindan Velu
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Apdo Postal 6‑641, Mexico, DF, Mexico
| | - Ravi Singh
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Apdo Postal 6‑641, Mexico, DF, Mexico
| | - James Stangoulis
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, SA 5042, Australia
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Fatiukha A, Klymiuk V, Peleg Z, Saranga Y, Cakmak I, Krugman T, Korol AB, Fahima T. Variation in phosphorus and sulfur content shapes the genetic architecture and phenotypic associations within the wheat grain ionome. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 101:555-572. [PMID: 31571297 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Dissection of the genetic basis of wheat ionome is crucial for understanding the physiological and biochemical processes underlying mineral accumulation in seeds, as well as for efficient crop breeding. Most of the elements essential for plants are metals stored in seeds as chelate complexes with phytic acid or sulfur-containing compounds. We assume that the involvement of phosphorus and sulfur in metal chelation is the reason for strong phenotypic correlations within ionome. Adjustment of element concentrations for the effect of variation in phosphorus and sulfur seed content resulted in drastic change of phenotypic correlations between the elements. The genetic architecture of wheat grain ionome was characterized by quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis using a cross between durum and wild emmer wheat. QTL analysis of the adjusted traits and two-trait analysis of the initial traits paired with either P or S considerably improved QTL detection power and accuracy, resulting in the identification of 105 QTLs and 617 QTL effects for 11 elements. Candidate gene search revealed some potential functional associations between QTLs and corresponding genes within their intervals. Thus, we have shown that accounting for variation in P and S is crucial for understanding of the physiological and genetic regulation of mineral composition of wheat grain ionome and can be implemented for other plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrii Fatiukha
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Haifa, 3498838, Israel
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, University of Haifa, 199 Abba-Khoushy Ave, Mt. Carmel, Haifa, 3498838, Israel
| | - Valentyna Klymiuk
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Haifa, 3498838, Israel
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, University of Haifa, 199 Abba-Khoushy Ave, Mt. Carmel, Haifa, 3498838, Israel
| | - Zvi Peleg
- R. H. Smith Institute of Plant Science & Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Yehoshua Saranga
- R. H. Smith Institute of Plant Science & Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Ismail Cakmak
- Faculty of Engineering & Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Tuzla İstanbul, 34956, Turkey
| | - Tamar Krugman
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Haifa, 3498838, Israel
| | - Abraham B Korol
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Haifa, 3498838, Israel
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, University of Haifa, 199 Abba-Khoushy Ave, Mt. Carmel, Haifa, 3498838, Israel
| | - Tzion Fahima
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Haifa, 3498838, Israel
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, University of Haifa, 199 Abba-Khoushy Ave, Mt. Carmel, Haifa, 3498838, Israel
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Beasley JT, Bonneau JP, Sánchez‐Palacios JT, Moreno‐Moyano LT, Callahan DL, Tako E, Glahn RP, Lombi E, Johnson AAT. Metabolic engineering of bread wheat improves grain iron concentration and bioavailability. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2019; 17:1514-1526. [PMID: 30623558 PMCID: PMC6662306 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is cultivated on more land than any other crop and produces a fifth of the calories consumed by humans. Wheat endosperm is rich in starch yet contains low concentrations of dietary iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn). Biofortification is a micronutrient intervention aimed at increasing the density and bioavailability of essential vitamins and minerals in staple crops; Fe biofortification of wheat has proved challenging. In this study we employed constitutive expression (CE) of the rice (Oryza sativa L.) nicotianamine synthase 2 (OsNAS2) gene in bread wheat to up-regulate biosynthesis of two low molecular weight metal chelators - nicotianamine (NA) and 2'-deoxymugineic acid (DMA) - that play key roles in metal transport and nutrition. The CE-OsNAS2 plants accumulated higher concentrations of grain Fe, Zn, NA and DMA and synchrotron X-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM) revealed enhanced localization of Fe and Zn in endosperm and crease tissues, respectively. Iron bioavailability was increased in white flour milled from field-grown CE-OsNAS2 grain and positively correlated with NA and DMA concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse T. Beasley
- School of BioSciencesThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Julien P. Bonneau
- School of BioSciencesThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Jose T. Sánchez‐Palacios
- School of BioSciencesThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
- Present address:
Institute for Applied EcologyUniversity of CanberraCanberraACT2617Australia
| | | | - Damien L. Callahan
- School of Life and Environmental SciencesDeakin UniversityBurwoodVICAustralia
| | - Elad Tako
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and HealthUSDA‐ARSIthacaNYUSA
| | - Raymond P. Glahn
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and HealthUSDA‐ARSIthacaNYUSA
| | - Enzo Lombi
- Future Industries InstituteUniversity of South AustraliaMawson LakesSAAustralia
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Kumar S, Palve A, Joshi C, Srivastava RK, Rukhsar. Crop biofortification for iron (Fe), zinc (Zn) and vitamin A with transgenic approaches. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01914. [PMID: 31338452 PMCID: PMC6579847 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Micronutrient malnutrition is an important issue in the developing countries especially in Asia and Africa where millions of school-going children and pregnant women are affected. Poor people are more exposed to risks of malnutrition and hidden hunger due to intake of carbohydrate rich but micronutrient deficient plant based food. The expansion of high yielding but micronutrient poor cultivars further intensified the malnutrition. The existing approaches viz., supplementation and food fortification of staple food with minerals and vitamins can address the issue of adequate nutrition security. But supplementation and fortification is neither feasible for each nutrient specially iron nor viable due to recurrent cost. Recently, genetic bio-fortification of crops is emerged as self-targeted and non-recurrent approach to address the micronutrient malnutrition. Most of the traditional breeding approaches were limited due to non-availability of enough genetic variation in the crossable genepools. Additionally, it also lacks the modulation of target gene expression underlying the micronutrient accumulation. At this juncture, genetic engineering based food biofortification is promising way to address the hidden hunger especially, where breeding is not rewarding due to lack of genetic variability. Genetic modification through gene technology is swift and accurate method to develop nutrient denser crops without any recurrent investment as compared to different strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushil Kumar
- Centre of Excellence in Agricultural Biotechnology, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, India
| | - Adinath Palve
- Centre of Excellence in Agricultural Biotechnology, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, India
| | - Chitra Joshi
- Centre of Excellence in Agricultural Biotechnology, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, India
| | - Rakesh K. Srivastava
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, India
| | - Rukhsar
- Centre of Excellence in Agricultural Biotechnology, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, India
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Ram H, Kaur A, Gandass N, Singh S, Deshmukh R, Sonah H, Sharma TR. Molecular characterization and expression dynamics of MTP genes under various spatio-temporal stages and metal stress conditions in rice. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217360. [PMID: 31136613 PMCID: PMC6538162 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal Tolerance Proteins (MTPs) are the class of membrane proteins involved in the transport of metals, mainly Zn, Mn, Fe, Cd, Co and Ni, and confer metal tolerance in plants. In the present study, a comprehensive molecular analysis of rice MTP genes was performed to understand the evolution, distribution and expression dynamics of MTP genes. Exploration of the whole genome re-sequencing information available for three thousand rice genotypes highlighted the evolution and allelic diversity of MTP genes. Based on the presence of non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), MTP1, MTP6, MTP8 and MTP9 were found to be the most conserved genes. Furthermore, results showed localization of MTP1, MTP8.1 and MTP9, and MTP11, respectively with QTLs/m-QTLs for Zn and Cd accumulation, making these genes promising candidates to understand the QTL regulation. Expression profiling of the entire set of 10 MTP genes revealed root and shoot specific expressions of MTP9 and MTP8.1, respectively, under all tested vegetative stages. Expression of seed-specific MTPs increased as seed maturation progressed, which revealed their potential role in transporting metals during seed filling. Upon exposure to harmful heavy metals, expression of most MTP genes decreased in root and increased in shoot, suggests that different mechanisms are being employed by MTPs in different tissues. Contrastingly, only a few MTPs were found to be responsive to Fe and/or Zn starvation conditions. The extensive analysis of MTPs presented here will be helpful in identifying candidate MTP genes for crop biofortification and bioremediation purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasthi Ram
- Department of Agri-Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), SAS Nagar(Mohali), Punjab, India
| | - Amandeep Kaur
- Department of Agri-Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), SAS Nagar(Mohali), Punjab, India
| | - Nishu Gandass
- Department of Agri-Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), SAS Nagar(Mohali), Punjab, India
| | - Shweta Singh
- Department of Agri-Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), SAS Nagar(Mohali), Punjab, India
| | - Rupesh Deshmukh
- Department of Agri-Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), SAS Nagar(Mohali), Punjab, India
| | - Humira Sonah
- Department of Agri-Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), SAS Nagar(Mohali), Punjab, India
| | - Tilak Raj Sharma
- Department of Agri-Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), SAS Nagar(Mohali), Punjab, India
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48
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Winter Wheat Grain Quality, Zinc and Iron Concentration Affected by a Combined Foliar Spray of Zinc and Iron Fertilizers. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy9050250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the main foods globally. Nutrition problems associated with Zinc and Iron deficiency affect more than two billion individuals. Biofortification is a strategy believed to be sustainable, economical and easily implemented. This study evaluated the effect of combined Zn and Fe applied as foliar fertilizer to winter wheat on grain yield, quality, Zn and Fe concentration in the grains. Results showed that treatments containing high Fe increased the yield. Grain crude fat content remained unaffected. Crude fiber was enhanced up to three-fold by 60% Zn + 40% Fe5.5 (5.5 kg ha−1 of 60% Zn + 40% Fe). Moreover, 80% Zn + 20% Fe5.5 (5.5 kg ha−1 of 80% Zn + 20% Fe) was the best combination for increasing crude protein. Zinc applied alone enhanced Zn concentration in grain. In addition, Fe was slightly improved by an application of Zn and Fe in the first year, but a greater increase was observed in the second year, where 100% Fe13 (13 kg ha−1 of 100% Fe) was the best in improving Fe in grain. Foliar application of Zn and Fe is a practical approach to increase Zn and Fe concentration, and to improve the quality of wheat grains.
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Carvalho A, Reis S, Pavia I, Lima-Brito JE. Influence of seed priming with iron and/or zinc in the nucleolar activity and protein content of bread wheat. PROTOPLASMA 2019; 256:763-775. [PMID: 30554374 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-018-01335-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Seed priming with iron (Fe) and/or zinc (Zn) can overcome the reduced availability of these micronutrients in soils and crops, but suitable dosages should be predetermined. Nucleolus responds to stress, such as cytotoxicity, with alterations perceivable by cytogenetic analyses. This work intends to study how seed priming with Fe and/or Zn affects the nucleolar activity in roots and the total soluble protein content in the flour of bread wheat cv. 'Jordão'. Seven priming treatments with 0 mg L-1 to 8 mg L-1 of Fe and/or Zn were performed. In all treatments, each metaphase cell presented a maximum of six nucleolar organizer regions positively stained with silver nitrate (Ag-NORs). Also, a maximum number of six nucleoli per nucleus were observed in all treatments, except in the hydroprimed seeds (used as control) that showed a maximum of five nucleoli, probably due to nucleolar fusion. Irregular interphases were frequent in treatments with the highest dosage of micronutrients (8 mg L-1 Fe and/or 8 mg L-1 Zn). The nucleolar area reduced (p < 0.001) as the number of nucleoli increased, and it was lower in treatments with a combination of Fe and Zn. However, the combinations of Fe and Zn showed the highest concentrations of total soluble protein (p ≤ 0.001). Although a reduced nucleolar area represents low ribosomal RNA gene transcription and ribosomal production, the significant increase of the number of nucleoli in the seeds primed with Fe and Zn enhanced the total soluble protein content as compared to the hydroprimed seeds (control) probably due to an increase of nucleolar surface-to-volume ratio that improved the protein synthesis. Overall, this work revealed that priming of bread wheat seeds with suited dosages of Fe and Zn can improve the nutritional value of flour, and the nucleolar number, morphology, and area can be useful biomarkers in cytotoxicity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carvalho
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), University of Tras-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of de Tras-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Sara Reis
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), University of Tras-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ivo Pavia
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of de Tras-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - José Eduardo Lima-Brito
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), University of Tras-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal.
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of de Tras-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal.
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Ed. Blocos Laboratoriais, A0.04, University of Trasos-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal.
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Mutant Lines of Spring Wheat with Increased Iron, Zinc, and Micronutrients in Grains and Enhanced Bioavailability for Human Health. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:9692053. [PMID: 31001559 PMCID: PMC6437721 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9692053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Deficiency of metals, primarily Fe and Zn, affects over half of the world's population. Human diets dominated by cereal products cause micronutrient malnutrition, which is common in many developing countries where populations depend heavily on staple grain crops such as wheat, maize, and rice. Biofortification is one of the most effective approaches to alleviate malnutrition. Genetically stable mutant spring wheat lines (M7 generation) produced via 100 or 200 Gy gamma treatments to broaden genetic variation for grain nutrients were analyzed for nutritionally important minerals (Ca, Fe, and Zn), their bioavailability, and grain protein content (GPC). Variation was 172.3–883.0 mg/kg for Ca, 40.9–89.0 mg/kg for Fe, and 22.2–89.6 mg/kg for Zn. In mutant lines, among the investigated minerals, the highest increases in concentrations were observed in Fe, Zn, and Ca when compared to the parental cultivar Zhenis. Some mutant lines, mostly in the 100 Gy-derived germplasm, had more than two-fold higher Fe, Zn, and Ca concentrations, lower phytic acid concentration (1.4–2.1-fold), and 6.5–7% higher grain protein content compared to the parent. Variation was detected for the molar ratios of Ca:Phy, Phy:Fe, and Phy:Zn (1.27–10.41, 1.40–5.32, and 1.78–11.78, respectively). The results of this study show how genetic variation generated through radiation can be useful to achieve nutrient biofortification of crops to overcome human malnutrition.
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