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Bao WW, Chen X, Li RN, Li M, Xie CJ, Dou MR, Zhang KZ, Wang J, Gao ZX, Liu ZD, Xu Y. Comprehensive assessment of drought resistance and recovery in kiwifruit genotypes using multivariate analysis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 119:100-114. [PMID: 38600835 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
As global climate change persists, ongoing warming exposes plants, including kiwifruit, to repeated cycles of drought stress and rewatering, necessitating the identification of drought-resistant genotypes for breeding purposes. To better understand the physiological mechanisms underlying drought resistance and recovery in kiwifruit, moderate (40-45% field capacity) and severe (25-30% field capacity) drought stresses were applied, followed by rewatering (80-85% field capacity) to eight kiwifruit rootstocks in this study. We then conducted a multivariate analysis of 20 indices for the assessment of drought resistance and recovery capabilities. Additionally, we identified four principal components, each playing a vital role in coping with diverse water conditions. Three optimal indicator groups were pinpointed, enhancing precision in kiwifruit drought resistance and recovery assessment and simplifying the evaluation system. Finally, MX-1 and HW were identified as representative rootstocks for future research on kiwifruit's responses to moderate and severe drought stresses. This study not only enhances our understanding of the response mechanisms of kiwifruit rootstocks to progressive drought stress and recovery but also provides theoretical guidance for reliable screening of drought-adaptive kiwifruit genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Wu Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ruo-Nan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Cui-Juan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Meng-Ru Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kang-Zhuang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhi-Xiong Gao
- Yangling International Kiwifruit Innovation and Entrepreneurship Park, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhan-De Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
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Wang M, Chen Y, Li S, Yu J, Yang L, Hong L. Widely Targeted Metabolomic Analysis Provides New Insights into the Effect of Rootstocks on Citrus Fruit Quality. Metabolites 2024; 14:242. [PMID: 38668370 PMCID: PMC11052146 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14040242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of different rootstocks has a significant effect on the content of flavor components and overall fruit quality. However, little information is available about the metabolic basis of the nutritional value of citrus plants. In this study, UPLC-MS/MS (ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry) was performed to analyze the metabolites of three late-maturing hybrid mandarin varieties ('Gold Nugget', 'Tango' and 'Orah') grafted on four rootstocks ('Trifoliate orange', 'Carrizo citrange', 'Red tangerine' and 'Ziyang Xiangcheng'). A total of 1006 metabolites were identified through OPLS-DA (Orthogonal Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis) analysis. KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) analysis revealed the most critical pathways among the different pathways associated with genes grafted on the four rootstocks that were differentially activated, including tryptophan metabolism and sphingolipid metabolism in 'Gold Nugget'; tryptophan metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and sphingolipid metabolism in 'Tango'; and pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis- and photosynthesis-related biosynthesis in 'Orah'. A considerable difference between the different rootstocks was also observed in the accumulation of lipids, phenolic acids and flavonoids; further analysis revealed that the rootstocks regulated specific metabolites, including deacetylnomylinic acid, sudachinoid A, amoenin evodol, rutaevin, cyclo (phenylalanine-glutamic acid), cyclo (proline-phenylalanine), 2-hydroxyisocaproic acid, and 2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoic acid. The results of this study provide a useful foundation for further investigation of rootstock selection for late-maturation hybrid mandarin varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Fruit Tree Research Institute, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, China; (M.W.); (S.L.); (J.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Evaluation and Utilization for Special Crops Germplasm Resource in the Southwest Mountains, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, China;
| | - Yang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Evaluation and Utilization for Special Crops Germplasm Resource in the Southwest Mountains, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, China;
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Fruit Tree Research Institute, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, China; (M.W.); (S.L.); (J.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Evaluation and Utilization for Special Crops Germplasm Resource in the Southwest Mountains, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, China;
| | - Jianjun Yu
- Fruit Tree Research Institute, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, China; (M.W.); (S.L.); (J.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Evaluation and Utilization for Special Crops Germplasm Resource in the Southwest Mountains, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, China;
| | - Lei Yang
- Fruit Tree Research Institute, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, China; (M.W.); (S.L.); (J.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Evaluation and Utilization for Special Crops Germplasm Resource in the Southwest Mountains, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, China;
| | - Lin Hong
- Fruit Tree Research Institute, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, China; (M.W.); (S.L.); (J.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Evaluation and Utilization for Special Crops Germplasm Resource in the Southwest Mountains, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, China;
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He W, Chai J, Xie R, Wu Y, Wang H, Wang Y, Chen Q, Wu Z, Li M, Lin Y, Zhang Y, Luo Y, Zhang Y, Tang H, Wang X. The Effects of a New Citrus Rootstock Citrus junos cv. Shuzhen No. 1 on Performances of Ten Hybrid Citrus Cultivars. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:794. [PMID: 38592823 PMCID: PMC10976021 DOI: 10.3390/plants13060794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The importance of rootstock in citrus production lies in its crucial role in determining tree growth, environmental stress tolerance, and fruit quality. Citrus junos Siebold ex Tanaka cv. Shuzhen No. 1, a recently developed rootstock, demonstrates excellent graft compatibility and abiotic stress tolerance. The objective of this study was to assess ten hybrid citrus cultivars grafted onto two C. junos rootstock selections, with the aim of determining the potential for industrial utilization of the new citrus rootstock. All graft junctions are mature and well established. Vigorous growth characterized all ten citrus cultivars on Shuzhen No. 1, with the largest tree's height reaching 280.33 cm (Wogan scion) and the widest scion's diameter being 67.52 cm (Chunjian scion). However, the scion-to-rootstock diameter ratio was the lowest at 0.62 (Chunxiang scion). C. junos rootstock selections significantly affected fruit weight (five of ten scions) and fruit color (seven of ten scions) but had negligible impact on peel thickness (nine of ten scions). Furthermore, rootstock type had a significant influence on fruit quality. In conclusion, our findings indicate strong graft compatibility between all scions and C. junos rootstocks, which can impact overall size and fruit quality. Based on these results, Shuzhen No. 1 is recommended as a valuable citrus rootstock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen He
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (W.H.); (Y.W.); (Q.C.); (Z.W.); (M.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (H.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jiufeng Chai
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (W.H.); (Y.W.); (Q.C.); (Z.W.); (M.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (H.T.)
| | - Rui Xie
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (W.H.); (Y.W.); (Q.C.); (Z.W.); (M.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (H.T.)
| | - Yang Wu
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (W.H.); (Y.W.); (Q.C.); (Z.W.); (M.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (H.T.)
| | - Hao Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (W.H.); (Y.W.); (Q.C.); (Z.W.); (M.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (H.T.)
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (W.H.); (Y.W.); (Q.C.); (Z.W.); (M.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (H.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qing Chen
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (W.H.); (Y.W.); (Q.C.); (Z.W.); (M.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (H.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhiwei Wu
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (W.H.); (Y.W.); (Q.C.); (Z.W.); (M.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (H.T.)
| | - Mengyao Li
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (W.H.); (Y.W.); (Q.C.); (Z.W.); (M.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (H.T.)
| | - Yuanxiu Lin
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (W.H.); (Y.W.); (Q.C.); (Z.W.); (M.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (H.T.)
| | - Yunting Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (W.H.); (Y.W.); (Q.C.); (Z.W.); (M.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (H.T.)
| | - Ya Luo
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (W.H.); (Y.W.); (Q.C.); (Z.W.); (M.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (H.T.)
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (W.H.); (Y.W.); (Q.C.); (Z.W.); (M.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (H.T.)
| | - Haoru Tang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (W.H.); (Y.W.); (Q.C.); (Z.W.); (M.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (H.T.)
| | - Xiaorong Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (W.H.); (Y.W.); (Q.C.); (Z.W.); (M.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (H.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
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Chang HC, Chen JC. An efficient grafting method for phytoplasma transmission in Catharanthus roseus. PLANT METHODS 2024; 20:13. [PMID: 38245775 PMCID: PMC10799486 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-024-01139-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phytoplasmas are parasitic plant pathogens that reside intracellularly within the sieve tube cells. Phytoplasmas induce various symptoms, including floral virescence, phyllody, leaf yellowing, and witches'-broom. Currently, it is challenging to culture phytoplasma in vitro. In the laboratory, phytoplasmas are generally maintained in alternative host plants, such as Catharanthus roseus. Grafting is used to transmit phytoplasmas among the alternative hosts. During the experiment, scions from infected plants are grafted onto healthy plants using a side grafting method. However, the practice has certain limitations, including its inability to be applied to small plants and its irregular disease incidence. RESULTS Here, we demonstrate a new approach, penetration grafting, to overcome the limitations of side grafting. This grafting method allows phytoplasma to be efficiently and uniformly transmitted into the inoculated plants. No significant difference was observed in phytoplasma accumulation between both grafting techniques. However, penetration grafting allows rapid symptom development, saving waiting time and reducing space usage. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a reliable and stable method for experiments that require grafting transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Chun Chang
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jen-Chih Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan, ROC.
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 106, Taiwan, ROC.
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Lupp RM, Marques DN, Lima Nogueira M, Carvalho MEA, Azevedo RA, Piotto FA. Cadmium tolerance in tomato: determination of organ-specific contribution by diallel analysis using reciprocal grafts. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:215-227. [PMID: 38049693 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31230-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Given the increasing problems of water and soil contamination with cadmium (Cd), it is necessary to investigate the genetic and physiological mechanisms of tolerance to this metal in different crops, which can be used for the development of effective crop management strategies. This study aimed to assess the potential of grafting as a strategy to increase Cd tolerance and reduce absorption in tomato by evaluating the contribution of the root system and aerial parts for tolerance mechanisms. To this end, reciprocal grafting and diallel analyses were used to examine the combining ability of contrasting tomato genotypes under exposure to 0 and 35 µM CdCl2. Roots and above-ground parts were found to have specific mechanisms of Cd tolerance, absorption, and accumulation. Grafting of the USP15 genotype (scion) on USP16 (rootstock) provided the greatest synergism, increasing the tolerance index and reducing the translocation index and Cd accumulation in leaves. USP163 exhibited potential for breeding programs that target genotypes with high Cd tolerance. In tomato, both Cd tolerance and accumulation in aerial parts are genotype- and tissue-specific, controlled by a complex system of complementary mechanisms that need to be better understood to support the development of strategies to reduce Cd contamination in aerial parts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Mota Lupp
- Crop Science Department, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Deyvid Novaes Marques
- Genetics Department, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina Lima Nogueira
- Department of Agricultural, Livestock and Environmental Biotechnology, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Antunes Azevedo
- Genetics Department, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Angelo Piotto
- Genetics Department, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Abbas F, Faried HN, Akhtar G, Ullah S, Javed T, Shehzad MA, Ziaf K, Razzaq K, Amin M, Wattoo FM, Hafeez A, Rahimi M, Abeed AHA. Cucumber grafting on indigenous cucurbit landraces confers salt tolerance and improves fruit yield by enhancing morpho-physio-biochemical and ionic attributes. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21697. [PMID: 38066051 PMCID: PMC10709624 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48947-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pakistan is the 8th most climate-affected country in the globe along with a semi-arid to arid climate, thereby the crops require higher irrigation from underground water. Moreover, ~ 70% of pumped groundwater in irrigated agriculture is brackish and a major cause of secondary salinization. Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is an important vegetable crop with an annual growth rate of about 3.3% in Pakistan. However, it is a relatively salt-sensitive crop. Therefore, a dire need for an alternate environment-friendly technology like grafting for managing salinity stress in cucumber by utilizing the indigenous cucurbit landraces. In this regard, a non-perforated pot-based study was carried out in a lath house to explore indigenous cucurbit landraces; bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) (cv. Faisalabad Round), pumpkin (Cucurbit pepo. L) (cv. Local Desi Special), sponge gourd (Luffa aegyptiaca) (cv. Local) and ridge gourd (Luffa acutangula) (cv. Desi Special) as rootstocks for inducing salinity tolerance in cucumber (cv. Yahla F1). Four different salts (NaCl) treatments; T0 Control (2.4 dSm-1), T1 (4 dSm-1), T2 (6 dSm-1) and T3 (8 dSm-1) were applied. The grafted cucumber plants were transplanted into the already-induced salinity pots (12-inch). Different morpho-physio-biochemical, antioxidants, ionic, and yield attributes were recorded. The results illustrate that increasing salinity negatively affected the growing cucumber plants. However, grafted cucumber plants showed higher salt tolerance relative to non-grafted ones. Indigenous bottle gourd landrace (cv. Faisalabad Round) exhibited higher salt tolerance compared to non-grafted cucumber plants due to higher up-regulation of morpho-physio-biochemical, ionic, and yield attributes that was also confirmed by principal component analysis (PCA). Shoot and root biomass, chlorophylls contents (a and b), activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POX) enzymes, antioxidants scavenging activity (ASA), ionic (↑ K and Ca, ↓ Na), and yield-related attributes were found maximum in cucumber plants grafted onto indigenous bottle gourd landrace. Hence, the indigenous bottle gourd landrace 'cv. Faisalabad round' may be utilized as a rootstock for cucumber under a mild pot-based saline environment. However, indigenous bottle gourd landrace 'cv. Faisalabad round' may further be evaluated as rootstocks in moderate saline field conditions for possible developing hybrid rootstock and, subsequently, sustainable cucumber production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazal Abbas
- Department of Horticulture, MNS University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Nazar Faried
- Department of Horticulture, MNS University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan.
| | - Gulzar Akhtar
- Department of Horticulture, MNS University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Sami Ullah
- Department of Horticulture, MNS University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Talha Javed
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Muhammad Asif Shehzad
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, MNS University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Khurram Ziaf
- Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Kashif Razzaq
- Department of Horticulture, MNS University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Amin
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Fahad Masoud Wattoo
- Department Plant Breeding and Genetics, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Aqsa Hafeez
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Mehdi Rahimi
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Amany H A Abeed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt
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Xu J, He J, Hu B, Hou N, Guo J, Wang C, Li X, Li Z, Zhai J, Zhang T, Ma C, Ma F, Guan Q. Global hypermethylation of the N6-methyladenosine RNA modification associated with apple heterografting. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:2513-2537. [PMID: 37648253 PMCID: PMC10663141 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Grafting can facilitate better scion performance and is widely used in plants. Numerous studies have studied the involvement of mRNAs, small RNAs, and epigenetic regulations in the grafting process. However, it remains unclear whether the mRNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification participates in the apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) grafting process. Here, we decoded the landscape of m6A modification profiles in 'Golden delicious' (a cultivar, Gd) and Malus prunifolia 'Fupingqiuzi' (a unique rootstock with resistance to environmental stresses, Mp), as well as their heterografted and self-grafted plants. Interestingly, global hypermethylation of m6A occurred in both heterografted scion and rootstock compared with their self-grafting controls. Gene Ontology (GO) term enrichment analysis showed that grafting-induced differentially m6A-modified genes were mainly involved in RNA processing, epigenetic regulation, stress response, and development. Differentially m6A-modified genes harboring expression alterations were mainly involved in various stress responses and fatty acid metabolism. Furthermore, grafting-induced mobile mRNAs with m6A and gene expression alterations mainly participated in ABA synthesis and transport (e.g. carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 1 [CCD1] and ATP-binding cassette G22 [ABCG22]) and abiotic and biotic stress responses, which might contribute to the better performance of heterografted plants. Additionally, the DNA methylome analysis also demonstrated the DNA methylation alterations during grafting. Downregulated expression of m6A methyltransferase gene MdMTA (ortholog of METTL3) in apples induced the global m6A hypomethylation and distinctly activated the expression level of DNA demethylase gene MdROS1 (REPRESSOR OF SILENCING 1) showing the possible association between m6A and 5mC methylation in apples. Our results reveal the m6A modification profiles in the apple grafting process and enhance our understanding of the m6A regulatory mechanism in plant biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jidi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jieqiang He
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bichun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Nan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Junxing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Caixia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xuewei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhongxing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jingjing Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Center of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Center of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chuang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Center of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fengwang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qingmei Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
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Garcia-Gomez P, Olmos-Ruiz R, Nicolas-Espinosa J, Carvajal M. Effects of low nitrogen supply on biochemical and physiological parameters related to nitrate and water, involving nitrate transporters and aquaporins in Citrus macrophylla. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2023; 25:944-955. [PMID: 37357019 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
A reduction in chemical N-based fertillizer was investigated in Citrus plants. As N and water uptake are connected, the relationship between the physiological response to reductions in N was studied in relation to N metabolism and water. We examined the response of new and mature leaves and roots of Citrus macrophylla, grown under controlled conditions, and given different concentrations of N: 16, 8 or 4 mM. Differences in growth and development were determined for biochemical (mineral content, photosynthetic pigments, proteins and nitrate and nitrite reductase activity), physiological (photosynthesis and transpiration), and molecular (relative expression of nitrate transporters and aquaporins) parameters. Only plants given 4 mM N showed a reduction in growth. Although there were changes in NR activity, protein synthesis, and chlorophyll content in both 8 and 4 mM N plants that were highly related to aquaporin and nitrate transporter expression. The results revealed new findings on the relationship between aquaporins and nitrate transporters in new leaves of Citrus, suggesting a mechanism for ensuring growth under low N when new tissues are being formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Garcia-Gomez
- Aquaporins Group, Plant Nutrition Department, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - R Olmos-Ruiz
- Aquaporins Group, Plant Nutrition Department, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - J Nicolas-Espinosa
- Aquaporins Group, Plant Nutrition Department, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - M Carvajal
- Aquaporins Group, Plant Nutrition Department, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
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9
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Liu J, Magige EA, Fan PZ, Wambulwa MC, Luo YH, Qi HL, Gao LM, Milne RI. Genetic imprints of grafting in wild iron walnut populations in southwestern China. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:423. [PMID: 37700228 PMCID: PMC10498525 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04428-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anthropogenic activities are causing unprecedented loss of genetic diversity in many species. However, the effects on genetic diversity from large-scale grafting onto wild plants of crop species are largely undetermined. Iron walnut (Juglans sigillata Dode) is a deciduous nut tree crop endemic to southwestern China with a long history of cultivation. Due to the rapid expansion of the walnut industry, many natural populations are now being replaced by cultivars grafted onto wild rootstocks. However, little is known about the potential genetic consequences of such action on natural populations. RESULTS We sampled the scion and the rootstock from each of 149 grafted individuals within nine wild populations of J. sigillata from Yunnan Province which is the center of walnut diversity and cultivation in China, and examined their genetic diversity and population structure using 31 microsatellite loci. Scions had lower genetic diversity than rootstocks, and this pattern was repeated in seven of the nine examined populations. Among those seven populations, AMOVA and clustering analyses showed a clear genetic separation between all rootstocks and all scions. However, the two remaining populations, both from northern Yunnan, showed genetic similarity between scions and rootstocks, possibly indicating that wild populations here are derived from feralized local cultivars. Moreover, our data indicated probable crop-to-wild gene flow between scions and rootstocks, across all populations. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that large-scale grafting has been causing genetic diversity erosion and genetic structure breakdown in the wild material of J. sigillata within Yunnan. To mitigate these effects, we caution against the overuse of grafting in wild populations of iron walnut and other crop species and recommend the preservation of natural genotypes through in situ and ex situ conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China.
- Germplasm of Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China.
| | - Ephie A Magige
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
- Germplasm of Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Peng-Zhen Fan
- Germplasm of Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Moses C Wambulwa
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
- Germplasm of Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Science and Computing, South Eastern Kenya University, Kitui, 170-90200, Kenya
| | - Ya-Huang Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
- Germplasm of Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
- Lijiang Forest Biodiversity National Observation and Research Station, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lijiang, Yunnan, 674100, China
| | - Hai-Ling Qi
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, China
| | - Lian-Ming Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China.
- Germplasm of Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China.
- Lijiang Forest Biodiversity National Observation and Research Station, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lijiang, Yunnan, 674100, China.
| | - Richard I Milne
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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10
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Huang Y, Sun L, Wang J, Chen Y, He J, Lyu D. Rootstock-scion interaction affects Malus transcriptome profiles in response to cadmium. Sci Data 2023; 10:312. [PMID: 37221216 PMCID: PMC10205808 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02239-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Apple production is threatened by cadmium contamination in orchards. Cd accumulation and tolerance in grafted Malus plants is affected by rootstock, scion, and their interaction. This dataset is part of an experiment investigating the molecular mechanism of Cd bioaccumulation and tolerance in different apple rootstock-scion combinations. We exposed four rootstock-scion combinations to Cd treatment consisting of Hanfu and Fuji apple (Malus domestica) scions grafted onto apple rootstocks of M. baccata or M. micromalus "qingzhoulinqin". RNA sequencing was conducted in roots and leaves of grafting combinations under 0 or 50 μM CdCl2 conditions. A comprehensive transcriptional dataset of affected rootstock, scion, and their interaction among different graft combinations was obtained. This dataset provides new insights in the transcriptional control of Cd bioaccumulation and tolerance in grafting plants regulated by rootstock and scion. Herein, we discuss the molecular mechanism underlying Cd absorption and bioaccumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijin Huang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, China
| | - Luyang Sun
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, China
| | - Jiale Wang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, China
| | - Yahui Chen
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, China
| | - Jiali He
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, China.
- Key Lab of Fruit Quality Development and Regulation of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, China.
| | - Deguo Lyu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, China
- Key Lab of Fruit Quality Development and Regulation of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, China
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11
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de Paula BV, Sete PB, Berghetti ÁLP, da Silva LOS, Jung JP, Nicoloso FT, Mayer NA, Kulmann MS, Brunetto G. Kinetic parameters related to nitrogen uptake in 'Okinawa' peach rootstocks are altered by 'Chimarrita' scion Nitrogen uptake in 'Okinawa' peach rootstock. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:917-923. [PMID: 36067353 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The kinetic parameters of peach rootstock are a major factor contributing to its nitrogen (N) uptake efficiency, which directly affects the yield and quality parameters. However, the impact of grafting on N kinetic parameters is not sufficiently known as rootstocks are grafted with other scion cultivars before being transplanted to the field. The objective of this study was therefore to evaluate whether the grafting of 'Okinawa' rootstock with the scion cultivar 'Chimarrita' can alter the kinetic parameters related to N uptake. RESULTS The plants were acclimatized in Hoagland solution for 21 days and, sequentially, were tested to assess the depletion of the internal reserves at 15 and 30 days in CaSO4 solution. Morphological and physiological parameters were evaluated, and kinetic parameters were calculated. The depletion period for to reach the minimum concentration (Cmin ) of NO3 - and NH4 + in the plant was 62 h and 56 h, respectively. The optimal time for internal reserve depletion for 'Okinawa' rootstock with and without the 'Chimarrita' scion was 30 days. CONCLUSION 'Okinawa' rootstock grafted with 'Chimarrita' scion cultivar was more efficient in NO3 - and NH4 + uptake. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betania Vahl de Paula
- Department of Soil Science, Center of Rural Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Paula Beatriz Sete
- Department of Rural Engineering, Center of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | | | - João Pedro Jung
- Department of Soil Science, Center of Rural Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Fernando Teixeira Nicoloso
- Department of Soil Science, Center of Rural Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Newton Alex Mayer
- Temperate Climate Center, Embrapa, 392 Highway - km 78, 9° District, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Matheus Severo Kulmann
- Department of Soil Science, Center of Rural Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Brunetto
- Department of Soil Science, Center of Rural Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
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12
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Kuzin A, Solovchenko A, Khort D, Filippov R, Lukanin V, Lukina N, Astashev M, Konchekov E. Effects of Plasma-Activated Water on Leaf and Fruit Biochemical Composition and Scion Growth in Apple. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12020385. [PMID: 36679098 PMCID: PMC9865715 DOI: 10.3390/plants12020385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The application of plasma-activated water (PAW) in agriculture has gained the attention of researchers and practitioners. In particular, treatment with PAW is a promising method for increasing scion and rootstock survival as well as augmenting the mineral nutrition applicable to tree fruit crops. However, the applications of PAW are hampered by the lack of information about the effects of PAW on apple tree condition and yield. The increase in survival rate by PAW is believed to stem from the general stimulation of physiological processes in the plant tissue. To assess the actual effect of the PAW treatments, one needs to consider an important indicator of young tree quality such as their vegetative growth. We conducted field experiments to study the possibility of use of PAW for increase in primary nutrient contents in fruits and leaves in an orchard, as well as to assess the scion survival rate and vegetative growth of young grafts in a nursery. The application of PAW influenced the fruitset, yield, leaf nitrogen (N) and potassium (K), fruit phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca) ascorbic acid (AA) and titratable acidity (TA). Treatment with PAW did not significantly reduce the negative impact of the rootstock thickness on the survival rate of bench grafts and their subsequent development. At the same time, scion survival tended to increase in the case when the scions and the rootstocks were of compatible thickness. Further studies of the PAW treatment effects are needed to better understand its applicability in diverse fields of horticulture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Kuzin
- Michurin Federal Scientific Center, 393766 Michurinsk, Russia
- Fruit and Vegetable Growing Department, Michurinsk State Agrarian University, 393766 Michurinsk, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Alexei Solovchenko
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
- Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM, 109428 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry Khort
- Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM, 109428 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Vladimir Lukanin
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalya Lukina
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maxim Astashev
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeny Konchekov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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13
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Peng Y, Cao H, Peng Z, Zhou L, Sohail H, Cui L, Yang L, Huang Y, Bie Z. Transcriptomic and functional characterization reveals CsHAK5;3 as a key player in K + homeostasis in grafted cucumbers under saline conditions. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 326:111509. [PMID: 36283579 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Grafting can improve the salt tolerance of many crops. However, critical genes in scions responsive to rootstock under salt stress remain a mystery. We found that pumpkin rootstock decreased the content of Na+ by 70.24 %, increased the content of K+ by 25.9 %, and increased the K+/Na+ ratio by 366.0 % in cucumber scion leaves. RNA-seq analysis showed that ion transport-related genes were the key genes involved in salt stress tolerance in grafted cucumber. The identification and analysis of the expression of K+ transporter proteins in cucumber and pumpkin revealed six and five HAK5 members, respectively. The expression of CsHAK5;3 in cucumber was elevated in different graft combinations under salt stress and most notably in cucumber scion/pumpkin rootstock. CsHAK5;3 was localized to the plasma membrane, and a yeast complementation assay revealed that it can transport K+. CsHAK5;3 knockout in hairy root mutants decreased the K+ content of leaves (45.6 %) and roots (50.3 %), increased the Na+ content of leaves (29.3 %) and roots (34.8 %), and decreased the K+/Na+ ratio of the leaves (57.9 %) and roots (62.9 %) in cucumber. However, CsHAK5;3 overexpression in hairy roots increased the K+ content of the leaves (31.2 %) and roots (38.3 %), decreased the Na+ content of leaves (17.2 %) and roots (14.3 %), and increased the K+/Na+ ratio of leaves (58.9 %) and roots (61.6 %) in cucumber. In conclusion, CsHAK5;3 in cucumber can mediate K+ transport and is one of the key target pumpkin genes that enhance salt tolerance of cucumber grafted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuquan Peng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education/College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haishun Cao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education/College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; Institute of Facility Agriculture, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaowen Peng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education/College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lijian Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education/College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hamza Sohail
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education/College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lvjun Cui
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education/College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Yang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education/College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education/College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Zhilong Bie
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education/College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
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14
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Scion-to-Rootstock Mobile Transcription Factor CmHY5 Positively Modulates the Nitrate Uptake Capacity of Melon Scion Grafted on Squash Rootstock. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010162. [PMID: 36613606 PMCID: PMC9820822 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
It is generally recognized that the root uptake capacity of grafted plants strongly depends on the rootstocks' well-developed root system. However, we found that grafted plants showed different nitrate uptake capacities when different varieties of oriental melon scion were grafted onto the same squash rootstock, suggesting that the scion regulated the nitrate uptake capacity of the rootstock root. In this study, we estimated the nitrate uptake capacity of grafted plants with the different oriental melon varieties' seedlings grafted onto the same squash rootstocks. The results indicated a significant difference in the nitrate uptake rate and activity of two heterologous grafting plants. We also showed a significant difference in CmoNRT2.1 expression in the roots of two grafting combinations and verified the positive regulation of nitrate uptake by CmoNRT2.1 expression. In addition, the two varieties of oriental melon scion had highly significant differences in CmHY5 expression, which was transported to the rootstock and positively induced CmoHY5-1 and CmoHY5-2 expression in the rootstock roots. Meanwhile, CmHY5 could positively regulate CmoNRT2.1 expression in the rootstock roots. Furthermore, CmoHY5-1 and CmoHY5-2 also positively regulated CmoNRT2.1 expression, respectively, and CmoHY5-1 dominated the positive regulation of CmoNRT2.1, while CmHY5 could interact with CmoHY5-1 and CmoHY5-2, respectively, to jointly regulate CmoNRT2.1 expression. The oriental melon scion regulated the nitrate uptake capacity of the melon/squash grafting plant roots, and the higher expression of CmHY5 in the oriental melon scion leaves, the more substantial the nitrate uptake capacity of squash rootstock roots.
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15
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Lupo Y, Schlisser A, Dong S, Rachmilevitch S, Fait A, Lazarovitch N. Root system response to salt stress in grapevines (Vitis spp.): A link between root structure and salt exclusion. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 325:111460. [PMID: 36122813 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Accessing freshwater resources for agriculture becomes more complex due to increasing demands and declining water quality. Alternative water sources, such as saline water, require ad hoc solutions. Therefore, understanding roots' response to saline water is crucial for future agriculture. We examined the response of three grapevine rootstocks (Paulsen 1103, Richter 110 and SO4) to salt stress. The rootstocks were subjected to two salinity treatments: 10 mM and 30 mM NaCl (EC = 2 and 4 ds/m, respectively). Root and shoot samples were taken at the end of the experiment for morphologic and ionomic analyses. The specific root area (SRA) increased in response to salinity for all three rootstocks due to root tissue density and average root diameter reductions. Salinity also led to increased root Na+ and Cl- contents and reduced root K+/Na+ ratio, parallel to increased leaf Cl- but not Na+ contents. SO4 showed improved chloride and sodium exclusion, concomitant with its highest SRA, resulting from the increase in its thin roots' contribution to the total root system surface area. We suggest that enhanced SRA combined with decreased root tissue density and diameter may improve grapevines' salt exclusion by less salt uptake from the soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaniv Lupo
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer, Israel.
| | - Alon Schlisser
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer, Israel
| | - Shuo Dong
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer, Israel
| | - Shimon Rachmilevitch
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer, Israel
| | - Aaron Fait
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer, Israel
| | - Naftali Lazarovitch
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer, Israel
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16
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Xue C, Sun L, Qu B, Gao Y, Liu Z, Guo C, Liu W, Chang W, Tai P. Grafting with an invasive Xanthium strumarium improves tolerance and phytoremediation of native congener X. sibiricum to cadmium/copper/nickel tailings. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136561. [PMID: 36155022 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Invasive plants could play an important role in the restoration of tailings, but their invasiveness limits their practical application. In this study, the phytoremediation potentials and invasive risks of an exotic invasive plant (Xanthium strumarium, LT), a native plant (X. sibiricum, CR), and combinations of inoculations (EG, with CR as the scion and LT as the rootstock; SG, with CR as both the scion and rootstock) were evaluated on Cd/Cu/Ni tailings. LT rootstock has a stronger nutrient and metal transport capacity, compared with CR. EG not only had higher biomass and Cd/Cu/Ni accumulation, but also abundant rhizosphere microbial communities. Hydroponic and common garden experiments showed that the growth and metal enrichment characteristics of EG are not inherited by plant offspring, which reduces the risk of the biological diffusion in the process of using exotic species. Transcriptome analysis shows that a large number of differentially-expressed genes in EG leaves and roots are involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, secondary metabolite generation, and signal transduction. The genes induced in EG leaves, including cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel, calcium-binding protein, and WRKY transcription factor, were found to be differentially expressed compared to CR. The genes induced in EG roots, included phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, cinnamoyl-CoA reductase, caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase, and beta-glucosidase. We speculate that lignin and glucosinolates play an important role in the metal accumulation and transportation of EG. The results demonstrate that grafting with LT not only improved CR tolerance and accumulation of Cd, Cu, and Ni, but also created a beneficial microbial environment for plants in tailings. More importantly, grafting with LT did not enhance the invasiveness of CR. Our results provide an example of the safe use of invasive plants in the restoration of Cd/Cu/Ni tailings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Xue
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China; Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; College of Biological Technology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Lizong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China; Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Bo Qu
- College of Biological Technology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yingmei Gao
- College of Biological Technology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Zhi Liu
- Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Cheng Guo
- Liaoning Shihua University, Fushun, 113000, China
| | - Wanbin Liu
- Dengta Agricultural and Rural Service Center, China
| | - Wenyue Chang
- Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Peidong Tai
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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17
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He W, Xie R, Luo L, Chai J, Wang H, Wang Y, Chen Q, Wu Z, Yang S, Li M, Lin Y, Zhang Y, Luo Y, Zhang Y, Tang H, Gmitter FG, Wang X. Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis of Inarching Invigorating Rootstock onto Incompatible Grafts in Citrus. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314523. [PMID: 36498848 PMCID: PMC9735857 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Grafting is a technique that is widely used in citrus production. Graft incompatibility often occurs in the orchard. Inarching can effectively improve the vigor of incompatible grafts, but its mechanism remains poorly understood. Our previous studies investigated the scion-rootstock interaction of citrus and highlighted the role of hormonal balance and genes in abscisic acid biosynthesis regulation. To further elucidate the mechanism of inarched grafts rejuvenation, Hm/Pt combination (Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merrill cv. 'Hongmian miyou' grafted onto Poncirus trifoliata) were inarched with 'Pujiang Xiangcheng' (a novel citrus rootstock cultivar recently selected from wild Citrus junos populations), and comprehensive analysis was performed to compare the inarched grafts and controls. Compared with incompatible grafts, the results revealed that inarching could recover the leaf metabolism balance, including reducing starch content, increasing chlorophyll content and restoring the cell structure. Additionally, our results corroborated that hormonal balance and hormone-related genes played a central role in inarching compatibility. Furthermore, the roles of Hsf4, ERF1, NCED3 and PYL were highlighted, and a model for explaining inarched grafts recovery invigoration was proposed. This study shed light on the mechanism of inarching regulation tree vigor and offered deep insights into the scion-rootstock interaction in citrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen He
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Rui Xie
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Liang Luo
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jiufeng Chai
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Hao Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qing Chen
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhiwei Wu
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shaofeng Yang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Mengyao Li
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yuanxiu Lin
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yunting Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ya Luo
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Haoru Tang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Frederick G. Gmitter
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL 33850, USA
| | - Xiaorong Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Correspondence:
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Sun L, Xue C, Guo C, Jia C, Yuan H, Pan X, Tai P. Maintenance of grafting reducing cadmium accumulation in soybean (Glycinemax) is mediated by DNA methylation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 847:157488. [PMID: 35870595 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) pollution in farmland soil increases the probability of wastage of land resources and compromised food safety. Grafting can change the absorption rates of elements in crops; however, there are few studies on grafting in bulk grain and cash crops. In this study, Glycine max was used as a scion and Luffa aegyptiaca as a rootstock for grafting experiments. The changes in total sulfur and Cd content in the leaves and grains of grafted species were determined for three consecutive generations, and the gene expression and DNA methylation status of the leaves were analyzed. The results show that grafting significantly reduced the total sulfur and Cd content in soybean leaves and grains; the Cd content in soybean leaves and grains decreased by >50 %. The plant's primary sulfur metabolism pathway was not significantly affected. Glucosinolates and DNA methylation may play important roles in reducing total sulfur and Cd accumulation. Notably, low sulfur and low Cd traits can be maintained over two generations. Our study establishes that grafting can reduce the total sulfur and Cd content in soybean, and these traits can be inherited. In summary, grafting technology can be used to prevent soybean from accumulating Cd in farmland soil. This provides a theoretical basis for grafting to cultivate crops with low Cd accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chenyang Xue
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Cheng Guo
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Liaoning Petrochemical University, Fushun 113001, China
| | - Chunyun Jia
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Honghong Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiangwen Pan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Breeding and Design, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Peidong Tai
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China.
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Xu J, Zhang N, Wang K, Xian Q, Dong J, Chen X. Exploring new strategies in diseases resistance of horticultural crops. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.1021350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Horticultural crops are susceptible to various biotic stressors including fungi, oomycetes, bacteria, viruses, and root-knot nematodes. These pathogens limit the growth, development, yield, and quality of horticultural crops, and also limit their adaptability and geographic distribution. The continuous cropping model in horticultural facilities exacerbates soil-borne diseases, and severely restricts yield, quality, and productivity. Recent progress in the understanding of mechanisms that confer tolerance to different diseases through innovative strategies including host-induced gene silencing (HIGS), targeting susceptibility genes, and rootstocks grafting applications are reviewed to systematically explore the resistance mechanisms against horticultural plant diseases. Future work should successfully breed resistant varieties using these strategies combined with molecular biologic methods.
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Wang Z, Yung WS, Huang C, Li MW, Lam HM. Grafting: connecting classic techniques with modern plant research. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 27:1187-1188. [PMID: 35902345 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhili Wang
- Center for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Wai-Shing Yung
- Center for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- Center for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Maize Engineering Technology Research Center of Hunan Province, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Man-Wah Li
- Center for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
| | - Hon-Ming Lam
- Center for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
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21
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Sallaku G, Rewald B, Sandén H, Balliu A. Scions impact biomass allocation and root enzymatic activity of rootstocks in grafted melon and watermelon plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:949086. [PMID: 36247619 PMCID: PMC9558002 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.949086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Vegetable grafting is increasingly recognized as an effective and sustainable plant production alternative. Grafted plants usually show increased uptake of water and minerals compared with self-rooted plants, mostly thought a consequence of the vigorous rootstocks selected. However, while studies frequently addressed the effects of rootstocks on the performance of scions, knowledge on the influences of scions on biomass allocation, morphology, and metabolic activity of roots is rare. In particular, the plasticity of root traits affecting resource acquisition and its efficiency remains poorly understood. Two different rootstock species, Cucurbita maxima × Cucurbita moschata and Lagenaria siceraria, were grafted in combination with melon (Cucumis melo) and watermelon (Citrullus lanatus). Self-grafted rootstocks were used as control. Plant biomass and root traits were determined after destructive harvesting 30 and/or 60 days after grafting. Traits included biomass allocation, leaf and root morphology, potential activities of four extracellular enzymes on root tips and basal root segments, and root respiration. Successfully grafted scions increase the ratio of root to whole plant dry matter (RMF), and increased ratios of root length to whole plant dry matter (RLR) and to plant leaf area (RL : LA). In contrast, morphological root traits such as diameter, tissue density, and specific root length remain surprisingly stable, and thus scion-induced changes of those traits may only play a minor role for the beneficial effects of grafting in Cucurbitaceae. Incompatibility in melon/L. siceraria grafts, however, was likely responsible for the reduced root growth in combination with clear changes in root morphological traits. Reduced root respiration rates seem to be the effects of a non-compatible rootstock-scion combination rather than an active, C-efficiency increasing acclimation. In contrast, heterografts with melon and watermelon frequently resulted in root-stock-specific, often enhanced potential enzymatic activities of acid phosphatase, β-glucosidase, leucine-amino-peptidase, and N-acetyl-glucosaminidase both at root tips and basal parts of lateral roots-presenting a potential and complementary mechanism of grafted plants to enhance nutrient foraging. The studied melon and watermelon scions may thus increase the nutrient foraging capacity of grafted plants by fostering the relative allocation of C to the root system, and enhancing the extracellular enzymatic activities governed by roots or their rhizobiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenda Sallaku
- Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Agricultural University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania
| | - Boris Rewald
- Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Hans Sandén
- Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Astrit Balliu
- Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Agricultural University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania
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22
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Noor I, Sohail H, Sun J, Nawaz MA, Li G, Hasanuzzaman M, Liu J. Heavy metal and metalloid toxicity in horticultural plants: Tolerance mechanism and remediation strategies. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 303:135196. [PMID: 35659937 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal/metalloids (HMs) are among the primary soil pollutants that limit crop production worldwide. Plants grown in HM contaminated soils exhibit reduced growth and development, resulting in a decrease in crop production. The exposure to HMs induces plant oxidative stress due to the formation of free radicals, which alter plant morphophysiological and biochemical mechanisms at cellular and tissue levels. When exposed to HM toxicity, plants evolve sophisticated physiological and cellular defense strategies, such as sequestration and transportation of metals, to ensure their survival. Plants also have developed efficient strategies by activating signaling pathways, which induce the expression of HM transporters. Plants either avoid the uptake of HMs from the soil or activate the detoxifying mechanism to tolerate HM stress, which involves the production of antioxidants (enzymatic and non-enzymatic) for the scavenging of reactive oxygen species. The metal-binding proteins including phytochelatins and metallothioneins also participate in metal detoxification. Furthermore, phytohormones and their signaling pathways also help to regulate cellular activities to counteract HM stress. The excessive levels of HMs in the soil can contribute to plant morpho-physiological, biochemical, and molecular alterations, which have a detrimental effect on the quality and productivity of crops. To maintain the commercial value of fruits and vegetables, various measures should be considered to remove HMs from the metal-polluted soils. Bioremediation is a promising approach that involves the use of tolerant microorganisms and plants to manage HMs pollution. The understanding of HM toxicity, signaling pathways, and tolerance mechanisms will facilitate the development of new crop varieties that help in improving phytoremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqra Noor
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology-Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Hamza Sohail
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology-Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Jingxian Sun
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology-Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Muhammad Azher Nawaz
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | - Guohuai Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology-Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Mirza Hasanuzzaman
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh.
| | - Junwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology-Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China.
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Systematic Analysis of the Grafting-Related Glucanase-Encoding GH9 Family Genes in Pepper, Tomato and Tobacco. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11162092. [PMID: 36015396 PMCID: PMC9414958 DOI: 10.3390/plants11162092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Grafting is an important agricultural practice to control soil-borne diseases, alleviate continuous cropping problems and improve stress tolerance in vegetable industry, but it is relatively less applied in pepper production. A recent study has revealed the key roles of β-1, 4-glucanase in graft survival. We speculated that the GH9 family gene encoding glucanase may be involved in the obstacles of pepper grafting. Therefore, we performed a systematic analysis of the GH9 family in pepper, tomato and tobacco. A total of 25, 24 and 42 GH9 genes were identified from these three species. Compared with the orthologues of other solanaceous crops, the deduced pepper GH9B3 protein lacks a conserved motif (Motif 5). Promoter cis-element analysis revealed that a wound-responsive element exists in the promoter of tobacco NbGH9B3, but it is absent in the GH9B3 promoter of most solanaceous crops. The auxin-responsive related element is absent in CaGH9B3 promoter, but it presents in the promoter of tobacco, tomato, potato and petunia GH9B3. Tissue and induction expression profiles indicated that GH9 family genes are functionally differentiated. Nine GH9 genes, including CaGH9B3, were detected expressing in pepper stem. The expression patterns of NbGH9B3 and CaGH9B3 in grafting were different in our test condition, with obvious induction in tobacco but repression in pepper. Furthermore, weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) revealed 58 transcription factor genes highly co-expressed with NbGH9B3. Eight WRKY binding sites were detected in the promoter of NbGH9B3, and several NbWRKYs were highly co-expressed with NbGH9B3. In conclusion, the missing of Motif 5 in CaGH9B3, and lacking of wound- and auxin-responsive elements in the gene promoter are the potential causes of grafting-related problems in pepper. WRKY family transcription factors could be important regulator of NbGH9B3 in tobacco grafting. Our analysis points out the putative regulators of NbGH9B3, which would be helpful to the functional validation and the study of signal pathways related to grafting in the future.
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Darré M, Valerga L, Zaro MJ, Lemoine ML, Concellón A, Vicente AR. Eggplant grafting on a cold-tolerant rootstock reduces fruit chilling susceptibility and improves antioxidant stability during storage. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:3350-3358. [PMID: 34820839 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vegetable grafting has been increasingly evaluated to improve preharvest tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, very few studies have identified rootstock-scion combinations able to improve fruit shelf life and reduce the susceptibility to postharvest disorders. Herein, a purple eggplant scion (cv. Monarca) was grafted onto a cold-tolerant hybrid Solanum rootstock ('Java') and the changes in growth, quality, postharvest chilling tolerance, and antioxidant stability were evaluated. RESULTS Eggplant grafting enhanced plant vigor and fruit growth rate, decreasing the time from set to harvest by 10-15%. Grafted eggplants had a thinner shape and lighter pulp color than the control. The rootstock-scion combination tested showed lower respiration (~60%), dry matter (~15-20%), and phenolic compounds contents (~15-20%) than eggplants from non-grafted plants. Grafting markedly improved fruit performance during postharvest storage. Remarkably, grafted eggplants showed much higher tolerance to chilling injury than the control did, evidenced by a reduction of surface scalds along with decreased softening and pulp browning. The trend in antioxidants found at harvest time was reversed after cold storage due to enhanced stability (20% and 100% for pulp and peel respectively) in fruit from grafted plants. CONCLUSION Purple eggplant (cv. Monarca) grafting onto 'Java' hybrid rootstock modulated fruit growth, quality at harvest, and increased fruit chilling injury tolerance during storage. Grafting may be a bona fide strategy to induce phenotypic traits able to improve vegetable postharvest performance. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magalí Darré
- CIDCA (CCT CONICET, La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas UNLP), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucía Valerga
- CIDCA (CCT CONICET, La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas UNLP), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María José Zaro
- CIDCA (CCT CONICET, La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas UNLP), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Laura Lemoine
- LIPA, Laboratorio de Investigación en Productos Agroindustriales, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales UNLP, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Analia Concellón
- CIDCA (CCT CONICET, La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas UNLP), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ariel Roberto Vicente
- LIPA, Laboratorio de Investigación en Productos Agroindustriales, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales UNLP, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Shalaby TA, Taha NA, Rakha MT, El-Beltagi HS, Shehata WF, Ramadan KMA, El-Ramady H, Bayoumi YA. Can Grafting Manage Fusarium Wilt Disease of Cucumber and Increase Productivity under Heat Stress? PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11091147. [PMID: 35567148 PMCID: PMC9106052 DOI: 10.3390/plants11091147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cucumber production is considered a crucial problem under biotic and abiotic stress, particularly in arid and semi-arid zones. The current study investigated the impact of grafted cucumber plants on five cucurbit rootstocks under infection with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum alone and in combination with heat stress in two different locations (i.e., Kafr El-Sheikh and Sidi Salem) during the year of 2021. The rootstock of VSS-61 F1 displayed the highest level of resistance with values 20.8 and 16.6% for wilt incidence and 79.2 and 83.4% for the wilt reduction, respectively for both locations. This rootstock showed the lowest disease severity of fusarium wilt (15.3 and 12%), and high grafting efficiency (85 and 88%), respectively in both locations. Grafting also improved plant vigor and cucumber production under heat stress (40-43 °C). The rootstocks VSS-61 F1, Ferro and Super Shintoza significantly increased the total yield of cucumber plants compared to non-grafted cucumber and the rootstock Bottle gourd in both locations. Further studies are needed on grafted plants under multiple stresses in terms of plant biological levels, including physiological, biochemical and genetic attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek A. Shalaby
- Arid Land Agriculture Department, College of Agricultural and Food Science, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt; (M.T.R.); (Y.A.B.)
- Correspondence: (T.A.S.); (H.S.E.-B.)
| | - Naglaa A. Taha
- Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza 12619, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed T. Rakha
- Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt; (M.T.R.); (Y.A.B.)
| | - Hossam S. El-Beltagi
- Agricultural Biotechnology Department, College of Agricultural and Food Science, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
- Correspondence: (T.A.S.); (H.S.E.-B.)
| | - Wael F. Shehata
- Agricultural Biotechnology Department, College of Agricultural and Food Science, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
- Plant Production Department, College of Environmental Agricultural Science, El–Arish University, North Sinai 45511, Egypt
| | - Khaled M. A. Ramadan
- Central Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Hassan El-Ramady
- Soil and Water Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt;
- Institute of Animal Science, Biotechnology and Nature Conservation, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, 138 Böszörményi Street, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Yousry A. Bayoumi
- Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt; (M.T.R.); (Y.A.B.)
- Physiology & Breeding of Horticultural Crops Laboratory, Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt
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Non-Destructive Measurement of the Pumpkin Rootstock Root Phenotype Using AZURE KINECT. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11091144. [PMID: 35567145 PMCID: PMC9100892 DOI: 10.3390/plants11091144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Rootstock grafting is an important method to improve the yield and quality of seedlings. Pumpkin is the rootstock of watermelon, melon, and cucumber, and the root phenotype of rootstock is an important reference for breeding. At present, the root phenotype is mainly measured by scanners, with which it is difficult to achieve non-destructive and in situ measurements. In this work, we propose a method for non-destructive measurement of the root phenotype on the surface layer of the root ball of pumpkin rootstock plug seedlings and an accurate estimation of the surface area, length, and volume of total root using an AZURE KINECT sensor. Firstly, the KINECT is used to capture four-view color and depth images of the root surface, and then multi-view images are spliced to obtain a complete image of the root surface. After preprocessing of the images, we extract the roots from the root ball. For root phenotype measurements, the surface areas of the surface roots and root ball are calculated, followed by calculating root encapsulation. Next, the non-overlapping roots in the surface root image are extracted, and the ratio of the surface area to the skeleton length is used as the average diameter of total root. Based on the high correlation between the surface area of surface root and the surface area of total root, a linear fitting model is established to estimate the surface area, length, and volume of total root. The experiment ultimately showed that the measurement error for the average diameter of total root is less than 30 μm, and consistency with the scanner is higher than 93.3%. The accuracy of the surface area of total root estimation was found to be more than 88.1%, and the accuracy of the root length of total root estimation was observed to be greater than 87.2%. The method proposed in this paper offers similar accuracy to a scanner, which meets the needs of non-destructive root phenotype research. This method is expected to replace root scanners for high-throughput phenotypic measurements and provides a new avenue for root phenotype measurements of pumpkin rootstocks. This technology will provide key basic data for evaluating the root growth of pumpkin rootstocks.
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Yield and Compositional Profile of Eggplant Fruits as Affected by Phosphorus Supply, Genotype and Grafting. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8040304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present experiment addressed the effects of two phosphorus regimes (30 and 90 kg ha−1, hereafter P30 and P90) on yield and composition of eggplant fruits in ‘Birgah’ and ‘Dalia’, whether or not these cultivars were grafted onto Solanum torvum ‘Espina’. The P30 regime did not reduce yield, and promoted fruits’ dry matter and total phenols content, along with their concentrations of macronutrients, mesonutrients (S and Na) and micronutrients (mostly Cu, B, Zn); however, their Fe concentrations were depressed. The rootstock ‘Espina’ increased fruit yield, dry matter content, epicarp chroma (in ‘Birgah’) and Ca content, together with their concentrations of B and Zn (especially at P30), but reduced their Fe content, mostly under P30. Thus, the reduced P supply and grafting proved to be effective tools to enhance fruit yield, carpometric and almost all nutritional traits in eggplant, in a framework of more sustainable crop management. However, the reduced fruit concentration of Fe suggests that the affinity of the rootstock with specific micro minerals should be taken into account, along with the option to adopt complementary practices (e.g., targeted micronutrient fertilizations) to manage the micro mineral composition of eggplants.
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Dong D, Shi YN, Mou ZM, Chen SY, Zhao DK. Grafting: a potential method to reveal the differential accumulation mechanism of secondary metabolites. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhac050. [PMID: 35591927 PMCID: PMC9113227 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant secondary metabolites make a great contribution to the agricultural and pharmaceutical industries. Their accumulation is determined by the integrated transport of target compounds and their biosynthesis-related RNA, protein, or DNA. However, it is hard to track the movement of these biomolecules in vivo. Grafting may be an ideal method to solve this problem. The differences in genetic and metabolic backgrounds between rootstock and scion, coupled with multiple omics approaches and other molecular tools, make it feasible to determine the movement of target compounds, RNAs, proteins, and DNAs. In this review, we will introduce methods of using the grafting technique, together with molecular biological tools, to reveal the differential accumulation mechanism of plant secondary metabolites at different levels. Details of the case of the transport of one diterpene alkaloid, fuziline, will be further illustrated to clarify how the specific accumulation model is shaped with the help of grafting and multiple molecular biological tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Dong
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Plant Disease and Pest, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, China
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Disease and Pest, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, China
- School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650204, China
| | - Ya-Na Shi
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650000, China
| | - Zong-Min Mou
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Plant Disease and Pest, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, China
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Disease and Pest, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, China
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, China
| | - Sui-Yun Chen
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Plant Disease and Pest, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, China
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Disease and Pest, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, China
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, China
| | - Da-Ke Zhao
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Plant Disease and Pest, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, China
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Disease and Pest, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, China
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, China
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Habibi F, Liu T, Folta K, Sarkhosh A. Physiological, biochemical, and molecular aspects of grafting in fruit trees. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhac032. [PMID: 35184166 PMCID: PMC8976691 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Grafting is a widely used practice for asexual propagation of fruit trees. Many physiological, biochemical, and molecular changes occur upon grafting that can influence important horticultural traits. This technology has many advantages, including avoidance of juvenility, modifying the scion architecture, improving productivity, adapting scion cultivars to unfavourable environmental conditions, and developing traits in resistance to insect pests, bacterial and fungal diseases. A limitation of grafting is scion-rootstock incompatibility. It may be caused by many factors, including insufficient genetic proximity, physiological or biochemical factors, lignification at the graft union, poor graft architecture, insufficient cell recognition between union tissues, and metabolic differences in the scion and the rootstock. Plant hormones, like auxin, ethylene (ET), cytokinin (CK), gibberellin (GA), abscisic acid (ABA), and jasmonic acid (JA) orchestrate several crucial physiological and biochemical processes happening at the site of the graft union. Additionally, epigenetic changes at the union affect chromatin architecture by DNA methylation, histone modification, and the action of small RNA molecules. The mechanism triggering these effects likely is affected by hormonal crosstalk, protein and small molecules movement, nutrients uptake, and transport in the grafted trees. This review provides an overview of the basis of physiological, biochemical, and molecular aspects of fruit tree grafting between scion and rootstock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariborz Habibi
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
| | - Tie Liu
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
| | - Kevin Folta
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
| | - Ali Sarkhosh
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
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Liu W, Wang Q, Zhang R, Liu M, Wang C, Liu Z, Xiang C, Lu X, Zhang X, Li X, Wang T, Gao L, Zhang W. Rootstock-scion exchanging mRNAs participate in the pathways of amino acids and fatty acid metabolism in cucumber under early chilling stress. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhac031. [PMID: 35184197 PMCID: PMC9039506 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) often experiences chilling stress that limits their growth and productivity. Grafting is widely used to improve abiotic stress resistance by alternating a vigorous root system, suggesting there exists systemic signals communication between distant organs. mRNAs are reported to be evolving in fortification strategies by long-distance signaling when plants suffering from chilling stress. However, the potential function of mobile mRNAs alleviating chilling stress in grafted cucumber is still unknown. Here, the physiological changes, mobile mRNAs profiling, transcriptomic and metabolomic changes in above- and underground tissues of all graft combinations of cucumber and pumpkin responding to chilling stress were established and analyzed comprehensively. The co-relationship between the cluster of chilling-induced pumpkin mobile mRNAs with Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) and Differentially Intensive Metabolites (DIMs) revealed that four key chilling-induced pumpkin mobile mRNAs were highly related to glycine, serine and threonine synthesis and fatty acid β-oxidative degradation metabolism in cucumber tissues of heterografts. The verification of mobile mRNAs, potential transport of metabolites and exogenous application of key metabolites of glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway in cucumber seedlings confirmed that the role of mobile mRNAs in regulating chilling responses in grafted cucumber. Our results build a link between the long-distance mRNAs of chilling-tolerant pumpkin and the fatty acid β-oxidative degradation metabolism of chilling-sensitive cucumber. It helps to uncover the mechanism of signaling interaction between scion and stock responding to chilling tolerant in grafted cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqian Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ruoyan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mengshuang Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Cuicui Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zixi Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chenggang Xiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, HongHe University, Mengzi, Yunnan 661100, China
| | - Xiaohong Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaojing Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaojun Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lihong Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wenna Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Mauro RP, Pérez-Alfocea F, Cookson SJ, Ollat N, Vitale A. Editorial: Physiological and Molecular Aspects of Plant Rootstock-Scion Interactions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:852518. [PMID: 35251115 PMCID: PMC8895300 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.852518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Paolo Mauro
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Francisco Pérez-Alfocea
- Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Murcia, Spain
| | - Sarah Jane Cookson
- EGFV, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRAE, Univ. Bordeaux, ISVV, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Nathalie Ollat
- EGFV, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRAE, Univ. Bordeaux, ISVV, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Alessandro Vitale
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Effects of Scion Variety on the Phosphorus Efficiency of Grafted Camellia oleifera Seedlings. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13020203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Grafting provides a way to improve tolerance to low phosphorus (P) stress for plants, and has been extensively applied in commercial cultivars grafted onto appropriate rootstocks. However, little literature is available concerning the scion-mediated effect on P efficiency in grafted plants. In this study, three different Camellia oleifera Abel. scion cultivars (G8, G83-1, and W2) were grafted onto the same rootstock (W2) under controls (0.5 mM) and low-P (0 mM) availability for eight months. The results showed that the scions significantly affected root-to-shoot weight ratios, the root morphology with a diameter larger than 1 mm, P accumulation, and the P utilization efficiency (PUE) of the root. A higher increase in the root-to-shoot weight ratio under the low-P supply was observed in the G83-1/W2 (26.15%) than in the G8/W2 (0%) and the W2/W2 (5.32%). Root PUE of the scion G8, G83-1, and W2 was improved by up to 113.73%, 45.46%, and 20.97% under the low-P supply. Moreover, G8/W2 exhibited higher shoot P accumulation and the highest root PUE under the low-P supply, indicating a high capability to tolerate P deficiency by maximizing the cost-effectiveness of P remobilization to photosynthetic organs. This suggested the vigorous variety of G8 could be a promising scion to improve grafted C. oleifera tolerance to low-P stress. Our results would have important implications for exploration and identification of a superior scion variety to enhance the ability of resistance concerning P deficiency stress in C. oleifera.
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Vahdati K, Sarikhani S, Arab MM, Leslie CA, Dandekar AM, Aletà N, Bielsa B, Gradziel TM, Montesinos Á, Rubio-Cabetas MJ, Sideli GM, Serdar Ü, Akyüz B, Beccaro GL, Donno D, Rovira M, Ferguson L, Akbari M, Sheikhi A, Sestras AF, Kafkas S, Paizila A, Roozban MR, Kaur A, Panta S, Zhang L, Sestras RE, Mehlenbacher SA. Advances in Rootstock Breeding of Nut Trees: Objectives and Strategies. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10112234. [PMID: 34834597 PMCID: PMC8623031 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The production and consumption of nuts are increasing in the world due to strong economic returns and the nutritional value of their products. With the increasing role and importance given to nuts (i.e., walnuts, hazelnut, pistachio, pecan, almond) in a balanced and healthy diet and their benefits to human health, breeding of the nuts species has also been stepped up. Most recent fruit breeding programs have focused on scion genetic improvement. However, the use of locally adapted grafted rootstocks also enhanced the productivity and quality of tree fruit crops. Grafting is an ancient horticultural practice used in nut crops to manipulate scion phenotype and productivity and overcome biotic and abiotic stresses. There are complex rootstock breeding objectives and physiological and molecular aspects of rootstock-scion interactions in nut crops. In this review, we provide an overview of these, considering the mechanisms involved in nutrient and water uptake, regulation of phytohormones, and rootstock influences on the scion molecular processes, including long-distance gene silencing and trans-grafting. Understanding the mechanisms resulting from rootstock × scion × environmental interactions will contribute to developing new rootstocks with resilience in the face of climate change, but also of the multitude of diseases and pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kourosh Vahdati
- Department of Horticulture, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran 3391653755, Iran; (S.S.); (M.M.A.); (M.R.R.)
| | - Saadat Sarikhani
- Department of Horticulture, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran 3391653755, Iran; (S.S.); (M.M.A.); (M.R.R.)
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Arab
- Department of Horticulture, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran 3391653755, Iran; (S.S.); (M.M.A.); (M.R.R.)
| | - Charles A. Leslie
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, One Shields, Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (C.A.L.); (A.M.D.); (T.M.G.); (G.M.S.); (L.F.)
| | - Abhaya M. Dandekar
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, One Shields, Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (C.A.L.); (A.M.D.); (T.M.G.); (G.M.S.); (L.F.)
| | - Neus Aletà
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries, IRTA Fruit Production, Torre Marimon, 08140 Caldes de Montbui, Spain;
| | - Beatriz Bielsa
- Unidad de Hortofruticultura, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Av. Montañana 930, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain; (B.B.); (Á.M.); (M.J.R.-C.)
| | - Thomas M. Gradziel
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, One Shields, Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (C.A.L.); (A.M.D.); (T.M.G.); (G.M.S.); (L.F.)
| | - Álvaro Montesinos
- Unidad de Hortofruticultura, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Av. Montañana 930, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain; (B.B.); (Á.M.); (M.J.R.-C.)
| | - María José Rubio-Cabetas
- Unidad de Hortofruticultura, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Av. Montañana 930, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain; (B.B.); (Á.M.); (M.J.R.-C.)
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón–IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), 50059 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Gina M. Sideli
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, One Shields, Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (C.A.L.); (A.M.D.); (T.M.G.); (G.M.S.); (L.F.)
| | - Ümit Serdar
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun 55139, Turkey; (Ü.S.); (B.A.)
| | - Burak Akyüz
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun 55139, Turkey; (Ü.S.); (B.A.)
| | - Gabriele Loris Beccaro
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy; (G.L.B.); (D.D.)
| | - Dario Donno
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy; (G.L.B.); (D.D.)
| | - Mercè Rovira
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries, IRTA Fruit Production, Mas Bové, Ctra. Reus-El Morell, Km. 3.8, 43120 Constantí, Spain;
| | - Louise Ferguson
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, One Shields, Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (C.A.L.); (A.M.D.); (T.M.G.); (G.M.S.); (L.F.)
| | | | - Abdollatif Sheikhi
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, College of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan 7718897111, Iran;
| | - Adriana F. Sestras
- Faculty of Horticulture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Salih Kafkas
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Cukurova University, Adana 01380, Turkey; (S.K.); (A.P.)
| | - Aibibula Paizila
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Cukurova University, Adana 01380, Turkey; (S.K.); (A.P.)
| | - Mahmoud Reza Roozban
- Department of Horticulture, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran 3391653755, Iran; (S.S.); (M.M.A.); (M.R.R.)
| | - Amandeep Kaur
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (A.K.); (S.P.); (L.Z.)
| | - Srijana Panta
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (A.K.); (S.P.); (L.Z.)
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (A.K.); (S.P.); (L.Z.)
| | - Radu E. Sestras
- Faculty of Horticulture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
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Wan H, Yang F, Zhuang X, Cao Y, He J, Li H, Qin S, Lyu D. Malus rootstocks affect copper accumulation and tolerance in trees by regulating copper mobility, physiological responses, and gene expression patterns. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 287:117610. [PMID: 34174667 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the roles of rootstocks in Cu accumulation and tolerance in Malus plants by grafting 'Hanfu' (HF) scions onto M. baccata (Mb) and M. prunifolia (Mp) rootstocks, which have different Cu tolerances. The grafts were exposed to basal or excess Cu for 20 d. Excess Cu-treated HF/Mb had less biomass, and pronounced root architecture deformation and leaf ultrastructure damage than excess Cu-challenged HF/Mp. Root Cu concentrations and bio-concentration factor (BCF) were higher in HF/Mp than HF/Mb, whereas HF/Mb had higher stem and leaf Cu concentrations than HF/Mp. Excess Cu lowered root and aerial tissue BCF and translocation factor (Tf) in all plants; however, Tf was markedly higher in HF/Mb than in HF/Mp. The subcellular distribution of Cu in the roots and leaves indicated that excess Cu treatments increased Cu fixation in the root cell walls, which decreased Cu mobility. Compared to HF/Mb, HF/Mp sequestered more Cu in its root cell walls and less Cu in leaf plastids, nuclei, and mitochondria. Moreover, HF/Mp roots and leaves had higher concentrations of water-insoluble Cu compounds than HF/Mb, which reduced Cu mobility and toxicity. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis showed that the carboxyl, hydroxyl and acylamino groups of the cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin and proteins were the main Cu binding sites in the root cell walls. Excess Cu-induced superoxide anion and malondialdehyde were 28.6% and 5.1% lower, but soluble phenolics, ascorbate and glutathione were 10.5%, 41.9% and 17.7% higher in HF/Mp than HF/Mb leaves. Compared with HF/Mb, certain genes involved in Cu transport were downregulated, while other genes involved in detoxification were upregulated in HF/Mp roots and leaves. Our results show that Mp inhibited Cu translocation and mitigated Cu toxicity in Malus scions by regulating Cu mobility, antioxidant defense mechanisms, and transcription of key genes involved in Cu translocation and detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixue Wan
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, People's Republic of China; Key Lab of Fruit Quality Development and Regulation of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengying Yang
- Dalian Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, 116036, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolei Zhuang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, People's Republic of China; Key Lab of Fruit Quality Development and Regulation of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhong Cao
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, People's Republic of China; Key Lab of Fruit Quality Development and Regulation of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiali He
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, People's Republic of China; Key Lab of Fruit Quality Development and Regulation of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, People's Republic of China.
| | - Huifeng Li
- Institute of Pomology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, People's Republic of China
| | - Sijun Qin
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, People's Republic of China; Key Lab of Fruit Quality Development and Regulation of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Deguo Lyu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, People's Republic of China; Key Lab of Fruit Quality Development and Regulation of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, People's Republic of China
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The Novel Cucurbitaceae miRNA ClmiR86 Is Involved in Grafting-Enhanced Phosphate Utilization and Phosphate Starvation Tolerance in Watermelon. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10102133. [PMID: 34685942 PMCID: PMC8540214 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) is a globally important Cucurbitaceae crop in which grafting is commonly used to improve stress tolerance and enhance nutrient utilization. However, the mechanism underlying grafting-enhanced nutrient assimilation remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate the possible involvement of a novel Cucurbitaceae miRNA, ClmiR86, in grafting-enhanced phosphate-starvation tolerance via CALCINEURIN B-LIKE INTERACTING PROTEIN KINASE 5 (ClCIPK5) suppression in watermelon. Transcript analyses revealed that the induction of ClmiR86 expression was correlated with the downregulation of ClCIPK5 in squash-grafted watermelon under phosphate starvation. In addition, the differential expression of ClmiR86 in various watermelon genotypes was consistent with their phosphate utilization efficiency. Furthermore, ClmiR86 overexpression in Arabidopsis enhanced root growth and phosphate uptake under phosphate starvation and promoted inflorescence elongation under normal conditions. These results suggest that the ClmiR86–ClCIPK5 axis is involved in phosphate starvation response as well as grafting-enhanced growth vigor and phosphate assimilation. The present study provides valuable insights for investigating long-distance signaling and nutrient utilization in plants.
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Du W, Hussain SB, Jin LF, Liu X, Li RN, Han ZX, Liu YZ, Pan ZY, Peng SA. Characteristics of boron distribution in the 'Newhall' navel orange plant with two root systems. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 167:42-48. [PMID: 34332253 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Grafting is a technique that provides a substantial way to enhance nutrient utilization thereby improves plant growth and yield quality. Although it is commonly practised in horticultural crops, the impact of scion-rootstock interaction on nutrient distribution is still unclear. Here, 'Newhall' navel orange plants grafted on Trifoliate orange (T) as the original rootstock were inarched with trifoliate orange (N/Tt combination) or carrizo citrange (N/Tc combination) rootstock seedlings. The experimental plants were treated with isotope 10B solution for 7 weeks to investigate the effect of different inarched rootstocks on B distribution and translocation by using a two-root system. From this study, the original rootstock played a more dominant role in B distribution to scion tissues than the inarching rootstock either in N/Tt or N/Tc combination. From inarched combinations, the carrizo citrange in the N/Tc combination had a higher ability to distribute B to new leaves, new twigs and old twigs than trifoliate orange in the N/Tt combination. However, the original rootstock of N/Tt distributed more B to scion tissues than N/Tc and the B concentration in old leaves and new leaves of N/Tt plants was significantly higher than that of N/Tc plants. These results suggest that scion B status is influenced by the B distribution of two inarching rootstocks in an inarching plant, as well as the affinity between the inarching rootstock and grafted plant. In addition, by either adding 10B to the inarching rootstock or original rootstock, we could detect 10B in the other rootstock root in both N/Tt and N/Tc combinations. The results further suggest that B can translocate from rootstock to leaves and then, re-translocate from scion to rootstock through the cycling of B transportation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Du
- Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, PR China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China; College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Syed Bilal Hussain
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China; College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Long-Fei Jin
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China; College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China; College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Ruo-Nan Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China; College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Zhong-Xing Han
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China; College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Yong-Zhong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China; College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China.
| | - Zhi-Yong Pan
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China; College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China.
| | - Shu-Ang Peng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China; College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China.
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Li Y, Zhao D. Transcriptome analysis of scions grafted to potato rootstock for improving late blight resistance. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:272. [PMID: 34130637 PMCID: PMC8204497 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03039-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Late blight seriously threatens potato cultivation worldwide. The severe and widespread damage caused by the fungal pathogen can lead to drastic decreases in potato yield. Although grafting technology has been widely used to improve crop resistance, the effects of grafting on potato late blight resistance as well as the associated molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Therefore, we performed RNA transcriptome sequencing analysis and the late blight resistance testing of the scion when the potato late blight-resistant variety Qingshu 9 and the susceptible variety Favorita were used as the rootstock and scion, respectively, and vice versa. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of the rootstock on scion disease resistance and to clarify the related molecular mechanisms. RESULTS A Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the expression levels of genes related to plant-pathogen interactions, plant mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways, and plant hormone signal transduction pathways were significantly up-regulated in the scion when Qingshu 9 was used as the rootstock. Some of these genes encoded calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs), chitin elicitor receptor kinases (CERKs), LRR receptor serine/threonine protein kinases (LRR-LRKs), NPR family proteins in the salicylic acid synthesis pathway, and MAPKs which were potato late blight response proteins. When Favorita was used as the rootstock, only a few genes of late blight response genes were upregulated in the scion of Qingshu 9. Grafted plants using resistant variety as rootstocks inoculated with P. infestans spores showed significant reductions in lesion size while no significant difference in lesion size was observed when susceptible variety was used as the rootstock. We also showed that this induction of disease resistance in scions, especially scions derived from susceptible potato varieties was mediated by the up-regulation of expression of genes involved in plant disease resistance in scions. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that potato grafting using late blight resistant varieties as rootstocks could render or enhance resistance to late blight in scions derived from susceptible varieties via up-regulating the expression of disease resistant genes in scions. The results provide the basis for exploring the molecular mechanism underlying the effects of rootstocks on scion disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuexin Li
- College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University/Agricultural Bioengineering Institute, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Degang Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University/Agricultural Bioengineering Institute, Guiyang, 550025, China.
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
- Guizhou Plant Conservation Technology Center, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, 550006, China.
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Gülüt KY, Duymuş E, Solmaz İ, Torun AA. Nitrogen and boron nutrition in grafted watermelon II: Impact on nutrient accumulation in fruit rind and flesh. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252437. [PMID: 34043729 PMCID: PMC8158982 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Turkey ranks second in watermelon (Citrullus lunatus L.) production globally and the highest production is witnessed for Çukurova plains the country. Although watermelon is extensively cultivated in the Çukurova region, studies on optimum nitrogen (N) and boron (B) doses for watermelon cultivation are quite limited. This study, evaluated the impact of increasing N (0, 90, 180 and 270 kg ha-1) and B (0 and 2 kg ha-1 B) doses on nutrient uptake in rind (exocarp) and flesh (endocarp) of watermelon fruit. Grafted watermelon variety ‘Starburst’, widely cultivated in the region was used as experimental material. The concentrations of different macro and micronutrients were analyzed from fruit rind and flesh. Individual and interactive effect of N and B doses significantly altered macro and micronutrients’ uptake in rind and flesh. Higher amounts of macro and micronutrients were accumulated in rind than flesh. Nutrients’ uptake was increased with increasing N doses, whereas B had limited impact. The accumulated nutrients were within the safe limits for human consumption. The N concentrations of rind and flesh increased with increasing N dose. Similarly, B concentration in rind and flesh and N concentration in rind significantly increased, while N concentration in flesh decreased with B application. It was concluded that 270 kg ha-1 N and 2 kg ha-1 B are optimum for better nutrient uptake in watermelon fruit. Thus, these doses must be used for watermelon cultivation in Çukurova plains of the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kemal Yalçın Gülüt
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey
- * E-mail:
| | - Ebru Duymuş
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - İlknur Solmaz
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Ayfer Alkan Torun
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey
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Guo S, Sun H, Tian J, Zhang G, Gong G, Ren Y, Zhang J, Li M, Zhang H, Li H, Xu Y. Grafting Delays Watermel on Fruit Ripening by Altering Gene Expression of ABA Centric Phytohormone Signaling. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:624319. [PMID: 33719297 PMCID: PMC7947309 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.624319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Grafting cultivation is implemented worldwide mainly to resist abiotic and biotic stresses and is an effective method to improve watermelon production. However, grafting may affect fruit development and quality. In our experiment, pumpkin-grafted (PG) watermelon fruits developed slower and the ripening period was extended compared to self-grafted (SG) fruits. We found that the concentrations of abscisic acid (ABA) among endogenous phytohormones were dramatically reduced by pumpkin grafting. In order to understand these changes at the gene expression level, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the fruit flesh transcriptomes between PG and SG during fruit development and ripening. A total of 1,675 and 4,102 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between PG and SG. Further functional enrichment analysis revealed that these DEGs were associated with carbohydrate biosynthesis, phytohormone signaling transmission, and cell wall metabolism categories. ABA centric phytohormone signaling and fruit quality-related genes including ABA receptor, PP2C proteins, AP2-EREBP transcription factors, sucrose transporter, and carotenoid isomerase were co-expressed with fruit ripening. These results provide the valuable resource for understanding the mechanism of pumpkin grafting effect on watermelon fruit ripening and quality development.
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Williams B, Ahsan MU, Frank MH. Getting to the root of grafting-induced traits. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 59:101988. [PMID: 33388626 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2020.101988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Grafting is an ancient technique that involves the physical joining of genotypically distinct shoot and root systems, in order to achieve a desirable compound plant. This practice is widely used in modern agriculture to improve biotic and abiotic stress tolerance, modify plant architecture, induce precocious flowering and rejuvenate old perennial varieties, boost yield, and more. Beneficial new rootstock-scion combinations are currently identified through an inefficient trial and error process, which presents a significant bottleneck for the application of grafting to combat new environmental challenges. Identifying the mechanisms that underlie beneficial grafting-induced traits will facilitate rapid breeding and genetic engineering of new rootstock x scion combinations that exhibit superior performance across varying agricultural environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Williams
- Cornell University, School of Integrative Plant Sciences, Plant Biology Section, Ithaca, NY 14850, United States
| | - Muhammad Umair Ahsan
- Cornell University, School of Integrative Plant Sciences, Plant Biology Section, Ithaca, NY 14850, United States
| | - Margaret H Frank
- Cornell University, School of Integrative Plant Sciences, Plant Biology Section, Ithaca, NY 14850, United States.
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Xiong M, Liu C, Guo L, Wang J, Wu X, Li L, Bie Z, Huang Y. Compatibility Evaluation and Anatomical Observation of Melon Grafted Onto Eight Cucurbitaceae Species. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:762889. [PMID: 34745194 PMCID: PMC8563831 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.762889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Melon (Cucumis melo) is one of the top 10 fruits in the world, and its production often suffers due to soil-borne diseases. Grafting is an effective way to solve this problem. However, graft incompatibility between scion and rootstock limits the application of melon grafting. In this study, the melon was grafted onto eight Cucurbitaceae species (cucumber, pumpkin, melon, luffa, wax gourd, bottle gourd, bitter gourd, and watermelon), and graft compatibility evaluation and anatomical observation were conducted. Taking melon homo-grafted plants as control, melon grafted onto cucumber and pumpkin rootstocks was compatible, while melon grafted onto luffa, wax gourd, bottle gourd, bitter gourd, and watermelon rootstocks was incompatible based on the scion dry weight on day 42 after grafting. Meanwhile, we found that starch-iodine staining of scion stem base is an index to predict graft compatibility earlier, on day 14 after grafting. Further, microsection observations showed that there was more cell proliferation at graft junction of melon hetero-grafted combinations; vascular reconnection occurred in all graft combinations. However, excess callose deposited at graft junction resulted in the blockage of photosynthate transport, thus, leading to starch accumulation in scion stem base, and finally graft incompatibility. In addition, undegraded necrotic layer fragments were observed at graft junctions of melon grafted onto incompatible bitter gourd and watermelon rootstocks. The above results provide clues for the selection and breeding of compatible Cucurbitaceae rootstocks of melon and demonstrate that starch accumulation in scion base and callose deposition at graft junction is associated with melon graft compatibility.
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Abstract
Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) grafting has emerged as a promising biological management approach aimed at increasing tolerance to abiotic stressors, such as unfavorable environmental conditions. These conditions include environments that are too cold, wet, or dry, have soil nutrient deficiency or toxicity and soil or irrigation water salinity. Studies to date indicate that fruit yield and quality may be positively or negatively affected depending on rootstock-scion combination and growing environment. Growers need information regarding the general effect of rootstocks, as well as specific scion-rootstock interactions on fruit maturity and quality so they can select combinations best suited for their environment. This review summarizes the literature on watermelon grafting with a focus on abiotic stress tolerance and fruit maturity and quality with specific reference to hollow heart and hard seed formation, flesh firmness, total soluble solids, and lycopene content.
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Rootstock Effects on Water Relations of Young Almond Trees (cv. Soleta) When Subjected to Water Stress and Rehydration. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12123319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Rootstocks with size controlling potential are being used in newly planted intensive almond orchards. Due to increased water scarcity, characterizing the response of these rootstocks to water deficit is required. The current work aims to assess whether the rootstock can improve their drought tolerance. We investigated the morphological and physiological response of P. dulcis “Soleta” either self-rooted or grafted on Rootpac-20 rootstock. Plant responses were evaluated during a water stress period (withholding irrigation for 20 days) and subsequent recovery in potted plants under greenhouse conditions. Self-rooted plants had a higher capacity to control vigour than plants grafted onto Rootpac-20, both under full irrigation and no irrigation conditions. Stressed plants exhibited severe dehydration, as indicated by lower leaf water potential and relative water content. Removing irrigation reduced stomatal conductance in grafted and self-rooted plants by a similar extent, suggesting an efficient stomatal control, while the reduction in the net photosynthesis rate was more marked in grafted plants compared to non-grafted plants. Self-rooted plants under water stress increased their root to shoot ratio and water use efficiency, which are positive aspects for growth and survival of these plants.
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Shireen F, Nawaz MA, Xiong M, Ahmad A, Sohail H, Chen Z, Abouseif Y, Huang Y, Bie Z. Pumpkin rootstock improves the growth and development of watermelon by enhancing uptake and transport of boron and regulating the gene expression. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 154:204-218. [PMID: 32563044 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Boron (B) is an essential trace element that plays a vital role in metabolic and physiological functions of higher plants. The adequate supply of B is important for plant growth and development. Grafting is a technique used to improve the ion uptake and plant growth. In this study, a commercial watermelon cultivar "Zaojia 8424" [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. and Nakai.] was grafted onto pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima × Cucurbita moschata) rootstock cv. "Qingyan Zhenmu No.1" with an aim to investigate the response of grafted plants to different levels of B supply (0.25 μM, 25 μM and 75 μM B) in the nutrient solution. Self-grafted watermelon plants were used as control. Pumpkin rootstock improved the plant growth, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, photosynthetic assimilation, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, B accumulation and up-regulated the expression of NIP5;1, NIP6;1 and B transporter (BOR2, BOR4) genes in the roots and leaves at 25 μM B compared with self-grafted watermelon plants. Moreover, pumpkin rootstock reduced the oxidative stress and cell damage by reducing H2O2 and MDA contents, and down-regulating the expression of PDCD2-1, PDCD2-2 genes. Moreover, it enhanced the antioxidant activity of watermelon by up-regulating the expression of SOD1, SOD2, CAT2-1, and CAT2-2 genes. Based on these observations, we concluded that pumpkin rootstock has ability to improve the plant growth of watermelon by enhancing the B uptake. This study may help adjust the B concentration in the nutrient medium for watermelon production where pumpkin grafted plants are utilized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fareeha Shireen
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Muhammad Azher Nawaz
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | - Mu Xiong
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Adeel Ahmad
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Hamza Sohail
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Zhi Chen
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Yehia Abouseif
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Yuan Huang
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Zhilong Bie
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, PR China.
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Hu W, Di Q, Zhang J, Liu J, Shi X. Response of grafting tobacco to low potassium stress. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:286. [PMID: 32571243 PMCID: PMC7310080 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02481-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the previous study, we investigated the alleviation effect of grafting on potassium uptake in roots and tobacco growth inhibition under low potassium stress. However, the effect of grafting on the low potassium stress perception and coping mechanism of tobacco at the whole plant level is not clear now. In order to clearly understand the impact of grafting on potassium deficit responding mechanism in tobacco, a mutual grafting experiment has been conducted in two varieties of tobacco ('Wufeng No.2' and 'Yunyan 87') in different K supply level (5 mmol L- 1 and 0.5 mmol L- 1 K). RESULTS The results show that compared with the self-rooted seedlings, grafting significantly increased the potassium content of the whole plant of Yunyan 87 (97.57 and 189.74% under normal potassium and low potassium conditions, respectively), and the increase in shoots was greater. The data of whole plant K content distribution and tobacco hypocotyls net K+ flux demonstrates that potassium stress makes plants more inclined to maintain K+ in the shoot rather than root. In addition, when K deficiency occurs, grafting could reduce the time required for downward net K+ flux in tobacco hypocotyl to decrease to stable levels. The results of net K+ flux in the roots indicated that K channel proteins and transporters play different roles in two rootstocks in terms of potassium tolerance. Transcription level analysis suggested that the increased circulating efficiency of K+ between the shoots and roots in tobacco constitutes one means to low potassium stress adaptation. CONCLUSIONS Grafting can activate more K+ channels in tobacco 'Yunyan 87', this means a more active K+ cycle, higher potassium content in shoot and faster response to low potassium stress signals in grafting tobacco. In addition, grafting can also change the K+ absorption mode of tobacco root from being dominated by HATS to being jointly responsible by HATS and LATS, greatly improving the ability of K+ transmembrane transportation on root surface under low potassium stress. These are undoubtedly the reasons why grafting tobacco performs better in coping with low potassium stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716 China
- Vegetable and Flower Institute of Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, 401329 China
| | - Qing Di
- Vegetable and Flower Institute of Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, 401329 China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang, 330099 China
| | - Jia Liu
- Soil and Fertilizer & Resources and Environment Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, 330200 China
| | - Xiaojun Shi
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716 China
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Fullana-Pericàs M, Conesa MÀ, Pérez-Alfocea F, Galmés J. The influence of grafting on crops' photosynthetic performance. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 295:110250. [PMID: 32534620 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
In a near scenario of climate change where stress-derived limitations on crops' yield by affecting plant gas-exchange are expected, grafting may become a cheap and easy technique to improve crops photosynthetic performance and water-use efficiency. Inconsistent data of the effect of rootstocks over gas-exchange can be found in literature, being necessary an integrative analysis of the effect of grafting over photosynthetic parameters. With this aim, we present a compilation of the effect of graft on the net CO2 assimilation rate (AN) and other photosynthetic parameters across different species with agronomic interest. No differences were observed in any photosynthetic parameter between non-grafted and self-grafted plants under non-stress conditions. However, differences were found depending on the used rootstock, particularly for the intrinsic water-use efficiency (WUEi). We observed that variations in AN induced by rootstocks were related to changes in both diffusive and biochemical parameters. Under drought or salt stress, different photosynthetic performances were observed depending on the rootstock, although the high variability among studies promted to remarkable results. Overall, we observed that grafting can be a useful technique to improve plant photosynthetic performance, and therefore, crop yield and WUE, and that the rootstock selection for a target environment is determinant for the variations in photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateu Fullana-Pericàs
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions-INAGEA, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Miquel À Conesa
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions-INAGEA, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Francisco Pérez-Alfocea
- Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Department of Plant Nutrition, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, E-30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Jeroni Galmés
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions-INAGEA, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Balearic Islands, Spain.
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López-Serrano L, Canet-Sanchis G, Selak GV, Penella C, San Bautista A, López-Galarza S, Calatayud Á. Physiological characterization of a pepper hybrid rootstock designed to cope with salinity stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 148:207-219. [PMID: 31972389 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In pepper crops, rootstocks that tolerate salt stress are not used because available commercial rootstocks offer limited profits. In this context, we obtained the hybrid NIBER®, a new salinity-tolerant rootstock that has been tested under real salinity field conditions for 3 years with 32%-80% higher yields than ungrafted pepper plants. This study aimed to set up the initial mechanisms involved in the salinity tolerance of grafted pepper plants using NIBER® as a rootstock to study root-shoot behavior, a basic requirement to develop efficient rootstocks. Gas exchange, Na+/K+, antioxidant capacity, nitrate reductase activity, ABA, proline, H2O2, phenols, MDA concentration and biomass were measured in ungrafted plants of cultivar Adige (A), self-grafted (A/A), grafted onto NIBER® (A/N) and reciprocal grafted plants (N/A), all exposed to 0 mM and 70 mM NaCl over a 10-day period. Salinity significantly and quickly decreased photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and nitrate reductase activity, but to lower extent in A/N plants compared to A, A/A and N/A. A/N plants showed decreases in the Na+/K+ ratio, ABA content and lipid peroxidation activity. This oxidative damage alleviation in A/N was probably due to an enhanced H2O2 level that activates antioxidant capacity to cope salinity stress, and acts as a signal molecule rather than a damaging one by contributing a major increase in phenols and, to a lesser extent, in proline concentration. These traits led to a minor impact on biomass in A/N plants under salinity conditions. Only the plants with the NIBER® rootstock controlled the scion by modulating responses to salinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia López-Serrano
- Centro de Citricultura y Producción Vegetal, Departamento de Horticultura, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | - Guillermo Canet-Sanchis
- Centro de Citricultura y Producción Vegetal, Departamento de Horticultura, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | - Gabriela Vuletin Selak
- Department of Plant Science, Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, Split, Croatia
| | - Consuelo Penella
- Centro de Citricultura y Producción Vegetal, Departamento de Horticultura, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alberto San Bautista
- Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Salvador López-Galarza
- Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ángeles Calatayud
- Centro de Citricultura y Producción Vegetal, Departamento de Horticultura, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Moncada, Valencia, Spain.
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Lu X, Liu W, Wang T, Zhang J, Li X, Zhang W. Systemic Long-Distance Signaling and Communication Between Rootstock and Scion in Grafted Vegetables. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:460. [PMID: 32431719 PMCID: PMC7214726 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Grafting is widely used in fruit, vegetable, and flower propagation to improve biotic and abiotic stress resistance, yield, and quality. At present, the systemic changes caused by grafting, as well as the mechanisms and effects of long-distance signal transport between rootstock and scion have mainly been investigated in model plants (Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana benthamiana). However, these aspects of grafting vary when different plant materials are grafted, so the study of model plants provides only a theoretical basis and reference for the related research of grafted vegetables. The dearth of knowledge about the transport of signaling molecules in grafted vegetables is inconsistent with the rapid development of large-scale vegetable production, highlighting the need to study the mechanisms regulating the rootstock-scion interaction and long-distance transport. The rapid development of molecular biotechnology and "omics" approaches will allow researchers to unravel the physiological and molecular mechanisms involved in the rootstock-scion interaction in vegetables. We summarize recent progress in the study of the physiological aspects (e.g., hormones and nutrients) of the response in grafted vegetables and focus in particular on long-distance molecular signaling (e.g., RNA and proteins). This review provides a theoretical basis for studies of the rootstock-scion interaction in grafted vegetables, as well as provide guidance for rootstock breeding and selection to meet specific demands for efficient vegetable production.
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He J, Zhou J, Wan H, Zhuang X, Li H, Qin S, Lyu D. Rootstock-Scion Interaction Affects Cadmium Accumulation and Tolerance of Malus. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1264. [PMID: 32922429 PMCID: PMC7457089 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
To understand the roles of Malus rootstock, scion, and their interaction in Cd accumulation and tolerance, four scion/rootstock combinations consisting of the apple cultivars "Hanfu" (HF) and "Fuji" (FJ) grafted onto M. baccata (Mb) or M. micromalus "qingzhoulinqin" (Mm) rootstocks differing in relative Cd tolerance were exposed either to 0 µM or 50 µM CdCl2 for 18 d. Cd accumulation and tolerance in grafted Malus plants varied within rootstock, scion, and rootstock-scion interaction. Cd-induced decreases in photosynthesis, photosynthetic pigment level, and biomass were lower for HF grafted onto Mb than those for HF grafted onto Mm. Reductions in growth and photosynthetic rate were always the lowest for HF/Mb. Cd concentration, bioconcentration factor (BCF), and translocation factor (Tf ) were always comparatively higher in HF and FJ grafted onto rootstock Mm than in HF and FJ grafted on Mb, respectively. When HF and FJ were grafted onto the same rootstock, the root Cd concentrations were always higher in HF than FJ, whereas the shoot Cd concentrations displayed the opposite trend. The shoot Cd concentrations and Tf were lower for HF/Mb than the other scion/rootstock combinations. Rootstock, scion, and rootstock-scion interaction also affected subcellular Cd distribution. Immobilization of Cd in the root cell walls may be a primary Cd mobility and toxicity reduction strategy in Malus. The rootstock and scion also had statistically significant influences on ROS level and antioxidant activity. Cd induced more severe oxidative stress in HF and FJ grafted onto Mm than it did in HF and FJ grafted onto Mb. Compared with FJ, HF had lower foliar O2 -, root H2O2, and root and leaf MDA levels, but higher ROS-scavenging capacity. The rootstock, scion, and rootstock-scion interaction affected the mRNA transcript levels of several genes involved in Cd uptake, transport, and detoxification including HA7, FRO2-like, NRAMP1, NRAMP3, HMA4, MT2, NAS1, and ABCC1. Hence, the responses of grafted Malus plants to Cd toxicity vary with rootstock, scion, and rootstock-scion interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali He
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Lab of Fruit Quality Development and Regulation of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiangtao Zhou
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng, China
| | - Huixue Wan
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Lab of Fruit Quality Development and Regulation of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhuang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Lab of Fruit Quality Development and Regulation of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Huifeng Li
- Institute of Pomology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tai’an, China
| | - Sijun Qin
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Lab of Fruit Quality Development and Regulation of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Sijun Qin,
| | - Deguo Lyu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Lab of Fruit Quality Development and Regulation of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
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Metabolomic analysis of the occurrence of bitter fruits on grafted oriental melon plants. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223707. [PMID: 31600335 PMCID: PMC6786619 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Grafting has been widely applied to melon (Cucumis melo L.) production to alleviate obstacles of continuous cropping and control soil-borne diseases. However, grafting often leads to a decline of fruit quality. For example, sometimes bitter fruits are produced on grafted plants. However, the underlying physiological mechanism still remains unclear. This study investigated the effects of different rootstocks on the taste of fruits of the Balengcui, an oriental melon cultivar, during summer production. The results showed that all grafted plants with Cucurbita maxima Duch. rootstocks produced bitter fruits, while non-grafted plants and plants grafted onto muskmelon rootstocks produced no bitter fruits. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and metabonomic analysis were performed to investigate the mechanism underlying the occurrence of bitter fruits. Metabolite comparisons of fruits from plants grafted onto Ribenxuesong rootstocks both with non-grafted plants and plants grafted onto muskmelon rootstocks showed that 17 metabolites including phospholipids, cucurbitacins and flavonoids, exhibited changes. The three Cucurbitacins, Cucurbitacin O, Cucurbitacin C, and Cucurbitacin S, increased dramatically. The 10 phospholipids PS(18:1(9Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)), PS(P-18:0/15:0), PA(18:1(11Z)/18:1(11Z)), PE(16:0/18:0), PS(O-16:0/17:2(9Z,12Z)), PI(16:0/18:2(9Z,12Z)), PA(15:0/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)), PS(P-16:0/17:2(9Z,12Z)), PS(22:0/22:1(11Z)), and PA(17:1(9Z)/0:0)) were significantly decreased, while two PA (16:0/18:2 (9Z, 12Z) and 16:0/18:1 (11Z)), two flavonoids (pelargonidin 3-(6''-malonylglucoside)-5-glucoside and malvidin 3-rutinoside) significantly increased in fruits of plants grafted onto Cucurbita maxima Duch. rootstocks. These metabolites were involved in the glycerophospholipid metabolic pathway, the mevalonate pathway, and the phenylpropanoid pathway. In summary, these results showed that the bitter fruits of grafted Balengcui were caused by Cucurbita maxima Duch. rootstocks. Phospholipids, cucurbitacins, and flavonoids were the key contributors for the occurrence of bitter fruits in Balengcui melon after grafting onto Cucurbita maxima Duch. rootstocks.
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