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Zhang H, Wu Y, Zhang H, Sun N, Zhang H, Tian B, Zhang T, Wang K, Nan X, Zhang H. AtMYB72 aggravates photosynthetic inhibition and oxidative damage in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves caused by salt stress. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2024; 19:2371694. [PMID: 38916149 PMCID: PMC11204036 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2024.2371694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
MYB transcription factor is one of the largest families in plants. There are more and more studies on plants responding to abiotic stress through MYB transcription factors, but the mechanism of some family members responding to salt stress is unclear. In this study, physiological and transcriptome techniques were used to analyze the effects of the R2R3-MYB transcription factor AtMYB72 on the growth and development, physiological function, and key gene response of Arabidopsis thaliana. Phenotypic observation showed that the damage of overexpression strain was more serious than that of Col-0 after salt treatment, while the mutant strain showed less salt injury symptoms. Under salt stress, the decrease of chlorophyll content, the degree of photoinhibition of photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSI) and the degree of oxidative damage of overexpressed lines were significantly higher than those of Col-0. Transcriptome data showed that the number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) induced by salt stress in overexpressed lines was significantly higher than that in Col-0. GO enrichment analysis showed that the response of AtMYB72 to salt stress was mainly by affecting gene expression in cell wall ectoplast, photosystem I and photosystem II, and other biological processes related to photosynthesis. Compared with Col-0, the overexpression of AtMYB72 under salt stress further inhibited the synthesis of chlorophyll a (Chla) and down-regulated most of the genes related to photosynthesis, which made the photosynthetic system more sensitive to salt stress. AtMYB72 also caused the outbreak of reactive oxygen species and the accumulation of malondialdehyde under salt stress, which decreased the activity and gene expression of key enzymes in SOD, POD, and AsA-GSH cycle, thus destroying the ability of antioxidant system to maintain redox balance. AtMYB72 negatively regulates the accumulation of osmotic regulatory substances such as soluble sugar (SS) and soluble protein (SP) in A. thaliana leaves under salt stress, which enhances the sensitivity of Arabidopsis leaves to salt. To sum up, MYB72 negatively regulates the salt tolerance of A. thaliana by destroying the light energy capture, electron transport, and antioxidant capacity of Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongrui Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Yinuo Wu
- Aulin College, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Nan Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongjiao Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Bei Tian
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Tanhang Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Kexin Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Xu Nan
- Key Laboratory of Heilongjiang Province for Cold-Regions Wetlands Ecology and Environment Research, Harbin University, School of Geography and Tourism, Harbin, China
| | - Huiui Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
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Zeng H, Yi K, Yang S, Jiang Y, Mao P, Yu Y, Feng Y, Dong Y, Dou L, Li M. Photosynthetic performance of glumes of oat spikelets is more stable for grain-filling stage under drought stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 214:108890. [PMID: 38950462 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Drought stress affects plant photosynthesis, leading to a reduction in the quality and yield of crop production. Non-foliar organs play a complementary role in photosynthesis during plant growth and development and are important sources of energy. However, there are limited studies on the performance of non-foliar organs under drought stress. The photosynthetic-responsive differences of oat spikelet organs (glumes, lemmas and paleas) and flag leaves to drought stress during the grain-filling stage were examined. Under drought stress, photosynthetic performance of glume is more stable. Intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), chlorophyll b, maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II. (Fv/Fm), and electron transport rate (ETR) were significantly higher in the glume compared to the flag leaf. The transcriptome data revealed that stable expression of the RCCR gene under drought stress was the main reason for maintaining higher chlorophyll content in the glume. Additionally, no differential expression genes (DEGs) related to Photosystem Ⅰ (PSI) reaction centers were found, and drought stress primarily affects the Photosystem II (PSII) reaction center. In spikelets, the CP43 and CP47 subunits of PSII and the AtpB subunit of ATP synthase were increased on the thylakoid membrane, contributing to photosynthetic stabilisation of spikelets as a means of supplementing the limited photosynthesis of the leaves under drought stress. The results enhanced understanding of the photosynthetic performance of oat spikelet during the grain-filling stage, and also provided an important basis on improving the photosynthetic capacity of non-foliar organs for the selection and breeding new oat varieties with high yield and better drought resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanguo Zeng
- Forage Seed Laboratory, College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 1000101, China
| | - Kun Yi
- Forage Seed Laboratory, College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 1000101, China
| | - Shuangfeng Yang
- Forage Seed Laboratory, College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 1000101, China
| | - Yiwei Jiang
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Peisheng Mao
- Forage Seed Laboratory, College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 1000101, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Forage Seed Laboratory, College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 1000101, China
| | - Yuan Feng
- Forage Seed Laboratory, College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 1000101, China
| | - Yongxiang Dong
- Forage Seed Laboratory, College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 1000101, China
| | - Liru Dou
- Forage Seed Laboratory, College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 1000101, China
| | - Manli Li
- Forage Seed Laboratory, College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 1000101, China.
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Chen S, Zhou Q, Feng Y, Dong Y, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Liu W. Responsive mechanism of Hemerocallis citrina Baroni to complex saline-alkali stress revealed by photosynthetic characteristics and antioxidant regulation. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:176. [PMID: 38896259 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03261-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Saline-alkali stress induces oxidative damage and photosynthesis inhibition in H. citrina, with a significant downregulation of the expression of photosynthesis- and antioxidant-related genes at high concentration. Soil salinization is a severe abiotic stress that impacts the growth and development of plants. In this study, Hemerocallis citrina Baroni was used to investigate its responsive mechanism to complex saline-alkali stress (NaCl:Na2SO4:NaHCO3:Na2CO3 = 1:9:9:1) for the first time. The growth phenotype, photoprotective mechanism, and antioxidant system of H. citrina were studied combining physiological and transcriptomic techniques. KEGG enrichment and GO analyses revealed significant enrichments of genes related to photosynthesis, chlorophyll degradation and antioxidant enzyme activities, respectively. Moreover, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) found that saline-alkali stress remarkably affected the photosynthetic characteristics and antioxidant system. A total of 29 key genes related to photosynthesis and 29 key genes related to antioxidant enzymes were discovered. High-concentration (250 mmol L-1) stress notably inhibited the expression levels of genes related to light-harvesting complex proteins, photosystem reaction center activity, electron transfer, chlorophyll synthesis, and Calvin cycle in H. citrina leaves. However, most of them were insignificantly changed under low-concentration (100 mmol L-1) stress. In addition, H. citrina leaves under saline-alkali stress exhibited yellow-brown necrotic spots, increased cell membrane permeability and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as osmolytes. Under 100 mmol L-1 stress, ROS was eliminate by enhancing the activities of antioxidant enzymes. Nevertheless, 250 mmol L-1 stress down-regulated the expression levels of genes encoding antioxidant enzymes, and key enzymes in ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle as well as thioredoxin-peroxiredoxin (Trx-Prx) pathway, thus inhibiting the activities of these enzymes. In conclusion, 250 mmol L-1 saline-alkali stress caused severe damage to H. citrina mainly by inhibiting photosynthesis and ROS scavenging capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Chen
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Qiuxue Zhou
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yuwei Feng
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yanjun Dong
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Zixuan Zhang
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yue Wang
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
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Lohmaneeratana K, Leetanasaksakul K, Thamchaipenet A. Transcriptomic Profiling of Sugarcane White Leaf (SCWL) Canes during Maturation Phase. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1551. [PMID: 38891358 PMCID: PMC11174868 DOI: 10.3390/plants13111551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Sugarcane white leaf (SCWL) disease, caused by Candidatus Phytoplasma sacchari, results in the most damage to sugarcane plantations. Some SCWL canes can grow unnoticed through the maturation phase, subsequently resulting in an overall low sugar yield, or they can be used accidentally as seed canes. In this work, 12-month-old SCWL and asymptomatic canes growing in the same field were investigated. An abundance of phytoplasma in SCWL canes affected growth and sugar content as well as alterations of transcriptomic profiles corresponding to several pathways that responded to the infection. Suppression of photosynthesis, porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, coupled with an increase in the expression of chlorophyllase, contributed to the reduction in chlorophyll levels and photosynthesis. Blockage of sucrose transport plausibly occurred due to the expression of sugar transporters in leaves but suppression in stalks, resulting in low sugar content in canes. Increased expression of genes associated with MAPK cascades, plant hormone signaling transduction, callose plug formation, the phenylpropanoid pathway, and calcium cascades positively promoted defense mechanisms against phytoplasma colonization by an accumulation of lignin and calcium in response to plant immunity. Significant downregulation of CPK plausibly results in a reduction in antioxidant enzymes and likely facilitates pathogen invasion, while expression of sesquiterpene biosynthesis possibly attracts the insect vectors for transmission, thereby enabling the spread of phytoplasma. Moreover, downregulation of flavonoid biosynthesis potentially intensifies the symptoms of SCWL upon challenge by phytoplasma. These SCWL sugarcane transcriptomic profiles describe the first comprehensive sugarcane-phytoplasma interaction during the harvesting stage. Understanding molecular mechanisms will allow for sustainable management and the prevention of SCWL disease-a crucial benefit to the sugar industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karan Lohmaneeratana
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand;
| | - Kantinan Leetanasaksakul
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand;
| | - Arinthip Thamchaipenet
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand;
- Omics Center for Agriculture, Bioresources, Food and Health, Kasetsart University (OmiKU), Bangkok 10900, Thailand
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Liu S, An Z, Lai Z. Amaranth's Growth and Physiological Responses to Salt Stress and the Functional Analysis of AtrTCP1 Gene. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5437. [PMID: 38791475 PMCID: PMC11121779 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Amaranth species are C4 plants that are rich in betalains, and they are tolerant to salinity stress. A small family of plant-specific TCP transcription factors are involved in the response to salt stress. However, it has not been investigated whether amaranth TCP1 is involved in salt stress. We elucidated that the growth and physiology of amaranth were affected by salt concentrations of 50-200 mmol·L-1 NaCl. The data showed that shoot and root growth was inhibited at 200 mmol·L-1, while it was promoted at 50 mmol·L-1. Meanwhile, the plants also showed physiological responses, which indicated salt-induced injuries and adaptation to the salt stress. Moreover, AtrTCP1 promoted Arabidopsis seed germination. The germination rate of wild-type (WT) and 35S::AtrTCP1-GUS Arabidopsis seeds reached around 92% by the seventh day and 94.5% by the second day under normal conditions, respectively. With 150 mmol·L-1 NaCl treatment, the germination rate of the WT and 35S::AtrTCP1-GUS plant seeds was 27.0% by the seventh day and 93.0% by the fourth day, respectively. Under salt stress, the transformed 35S::AtrTCP1 plants bloomed when they grew 21.8 leaves after 16.2 days of treatment, which was earlier than the WT plants. The transformed Arabidopsis plants flowered early to resist salt stress. These results reveal amaranth's growth and physiological responses to salt stress, and provide valuable information on the AtrTCP1 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengcai Liu
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zixian An
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
| | - Zhongxiong Lai
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
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Derbali I, Derbali W, Gharred J, Manaa A, Slama I, Koyro HW. Mitigating Salinity Stress in Quinoa ( Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) with Biochar and Superabsorber Polymer Amendments. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:92. [PMID: 38202399 PMCID: PMC10780479 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
In agriculture, soil amendments are applied to improve soil quality by increasing the water retention capacity and regulating the pH and ion exchange. Our study was carried out to investigate the impact of a commercial biochar (Bc) and a superabsorbent polymer (SAP) on the physiological and biochemical processes and the growth performance of Chenopodium quinoa (variety ICBA-5) when exposed to high salinity. Plants were grown for 25 days under controlled greenhouse conditions in pots filled with a soil mixture with or without 3% Bc or 0.2% SAP by volume before the initiation of 27 days of growth in hypersaline conditions, following the addition of 300 mM NaCl. Without the Bc or soil amendments, multiple negative effects of hypersalinity were detected on photosynthetic CO2 assimilation (Anet minus 70%) and on the production of fresh matter from the whole plant, leaves, stems and roots (respectively, 55, 46, 64 and 66%). Moreover, increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was indicated by higher levels of MDA (plus 142%), antioxidant activities and high proline levels (plus 311%). In the pots treated with 300 mM NaCl, the amendments Bc or SAP improved the plant growth parameters, including fresh matter production (by 10 and 17%), an increased chlorophyll content by 9 and 13% and Anet in plants (by 98 and 115%). Both amendments (Bc and SAP) resulted in significant salinity mitigation effects, decreasing proline and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels whilst increasing both the activity of enzymatic antioxidants and non-enzymatic antioxidants that reduce the levels of ROS. This study confirms how soil amendments can help to improve plant performance and expand the productive range into saline areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imed Derbali
- Institute of Plant Ecology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (I.D.); (W.D.); (J.G.)
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Center of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, Hammam-Lif 2084, Tunisia; (A.M.); (I.S.)
- Faculty of Mathematical, Physical and Natural Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El-Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia
| | - Walid Derbali
- Institute of Plant Ecology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (I.D.); (W.D.); (J.G.)
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Center of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, Hammam-Lif 2084, Tunisia; (A.M.); (I.S.)
- Faculty of Mathematical, Physical and Natural Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El-Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia
| | - Jihed Gharred
- Institute of Plant Ecology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (I.D.); (W.D.); (J.G.)
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Center of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, Hammam-Lif 2084, Tunisia; (A.M.); (I.S.)
- Faculty of Mathematical, Physical and Natural Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El-Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia
| | - Arafet Manaa
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Center of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, Hammam-Lif 2084, Tunisia; (A.M.); (I.S.)
| | - Inès Slama
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Center of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, Hammam-Lif 2084, Tunisia; (A.M.); (I.S.)
| | - Hans-Werner Koyro
- Institute of Plant Ecology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (I.D.); (W.D.); (J.G.)
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Li R, Wang J, Yuan H, Niu Y, Sun J, Tian Q, Wu Y, Yu J, Tang Z, Xiao X, Xie J, Hu L, Liu Z, Liao W. Exogenous application of ALA enhanced sugar, acid and aroma qualities in tomato fruit. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1323048. [PMID: 38186602 PMCID: PMC10771311 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1323048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
The content and proportion of sugars and acids in tomato fruit directly affect its flavor quality. Previous studies have shown that 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) could promote fruit ripening and improve its aroma quality. In order to explore the effect of ALA on sugar and acid quality during tomato fruit development, 0, 100, and 200 mg L-1 ALA solutions were sprayed on the fruit surface 10 days after pollination of the fourth inflorescence, and the regulation of ALA on sugar, acid metabolism and flavor quality of tomato fruit was analyzed. The results showed that ALA treatment could enhance the activities of acid invertase (AI), neutral invertase (NI), and sucrose synthase (SS), reduce the activity of sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), up-regulate the expression of SlAI, SlNI and SlSS, change the composition and content of sugar in tomato fruit at three stages, significantly increase the content of sugars in fruit, and promote the accumulation of sugars into flesh. Secondly, ALA treatments increased the activities of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPC), malic enzyme (ME), and citrate synthase (CS), up-regulated the expression of SlPPC2, SlME1, and SlCS, and reduced the citric acid content at maturity stage, thereby reducing the total organic acid content. In addition, ALA could also increase the number and mass fraction of volatile components in mature tomato fruits. These results indicated that exogenous application of ALA during tomato fruit development could promote the formation of fruit aroma quality and were also conducive to the formation of fruit sugar and acid quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruirui Li
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Junwen Wang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hong Yuan
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yu Niu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianhong Sun
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qiang Tian
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yue Wu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jihua Yu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhongqi Tang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xuemei Xiao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianming Xie
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Linli Hu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zeci Liu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Weibiao Liao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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da Silva SN, de Oliveira LF, Repke RA, Pereira AK, Barbosa LD, Nunes RL, Sussulini A, Pinheiro F, Fill TP. Metabolomic analysis reveals stress tolerance mechanisms in common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) related to treatment with a biostimulant obtained from Corynebacterium glutamicum. Mol Omics 2023; 19:743-755. [PMID: 37581345 DOI: 10.1039/d3mo00110e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Microbial biostimulants have emerged as a sustainable alternative to increase the productivity and quality of important crops. Despite this, the effects of the treatment on plant metabolism are poorly understood. Thus, this study investigated the metabolic response of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) related to the treatment with a biostimulant obtained from the extract of Corynebacterium glutamicum that showed positive effects on the development, growth, and yield of crops previously. By untargeted metabolomic analysis using UHPLC-MS/MS, plants and seeds were subjected to treatment with the biostimulant. Under ideal growth conditions, the plants treated exhibited higher concentration levels of glutamic acid, nicotiflorin and glycosylated lipids derived from linolenic acid. The foliar application of the biostimulant under water stress conditions increased the chlorophyll content by 17% and induced the accumulation of flavonols, mainly quercetin derivatives. Also, germination seed assays exhibited longer radicle lengths for seeds treated compared to the untreated control even in the absence of light (13-18% increase, p-value <0.05). Metabolomic analysis of the seeds indicated changes in concentration levels of amino acids (tryptophan, phenylalanine, tyrosine, glutamine, and arginine) and their derivatives. The results point out the enhancement of abiotic stress tolerance and the metabolic processes triggered in this crop associated with the treatment with the biostimulant, giving the first insights into stress tolerance mechanisms in P. vulgaris.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alana Kelyene Pereira
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas;, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil.
| | - Luidy Darlan Barbosa
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas;, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil.
| | | | - Alessandra Sussulini
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas;, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil.
| | - Fabio Pinheiro
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Taicia Pacheco Fill
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas;, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil.
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Mohammadi H, Ezati P, Hazrati S, Ghorbanpour M. Exogenously applied 5-aminolevulinic acid modulates growth, yield, and physiological parameters in lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) under rain-fed and supplemental irrigation conditions. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21312. [PMID: 38042953 PMCID: PMC10693620 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48732-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Lentils are a significant source of plant protein and are cultivated across Asia, Europe, and North Africa. Plants are subjected to various environmental stresses, which can hinder growth, yield, and productivity. 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a compound that acts as a precursor in the biosynthesis of tetrapyrroles and can increase plant tolerance to different abiotic stressors. However, the effects of exogenously applied ALA on lentil growth, yield, and physiological parameters under rain-fed and supplemental irrigation conditions are not well-known. In this study, a split plot experiment was conducted to investigate the impact of ALA foliar application and supplemental irrigation on lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.). The experiment was designed based on a randomized complete block with three replications. The main plot included four levels of supplemental irrigation [(supplementary irrigation in the flowering and early seed-filling stages, supplementary irrigation in the flowering stage, supplementary irrigation in the early seed-filling along with rain-fed conditions (no irrigation)]. The subplot considered foliar application of ALA at varying levels [(0 (control), 50 and 100 ppm)]. The results showed that water regimes and foliar spray with ALA significantly (P ˂ 0.01) affected plant height, number of pods per plant, pod weight, number of seeds per pod and weight of 1000 seeds, biological yield, seed yield, and harvest index. The highest total chlorophyll content was observed in plants that were subjected to supplementary irrigation in flowering and early seed filling stages and foliar sprayed with 100 ppm ALA. The study also found that exogenous ALA improved drought tolerance in lentil plants under rain-fed conditions mainly by regulating antioxidant enzymes, which ultimately protected the cellular membranes against overproduction of H2O2. Furthermore, ALA application increased total carbohydrate contents at all supplemental irrigation levels, but the rate was higher in complementary irrigation conditions during flowering and early seed-filling stages. Malondialdehyde (MDA), H2O2, and proline contents were increased in field-grown plants under rain-fed conditions without exogenous ALA application. In conclusion, this study sheds light on the effects of ALA foliar spray and supplemental irrigation on lentil growth, yield, and physiological parameters. The findings suggest that exogenous ALA can improve plant tolerance to various abiotic stressors and enhance plant growth, yield, and physiological parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Mohammadi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Parviz Ezati
- Faculty of Agriculture, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeid Hazrati
- Faculty of Agriculture, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mansour Ghorbanpour
- Department of Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak University, Arak, Iran.
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Khuong NQ, Trong ND, Quang LT, Xuan LNT, Phong NT. The potency of a liquid biofertilizer containing bacterial strains of Rhodopseudomonas spp. on recovery of soil properties damaged by Al 3+ and Fe 2+ toxins and enhancement of rice yield in acid sulfate soil. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2023; 26:535-545. [PMID: 37668058 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2023.2253913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
In the Mekong Delta Vietnam, rice is heavily affected by Al3+ and Fe2+ ions appearing in local acid sulfate soils (AAS). Therefore, the current study was carried out to assess the efficacy of a liquid biofertilizer (LB) containing nitrogen-fixing and phosphorus-solubilizing bacterial strains of Rhodopseudomonas spp. on remediation of soil characteristics and improvements of rice uptakes, growth, and yield. The experiment was designed in a randomized block design with nine treatments and four replications in an ASS. The results have shown that the LB application could contribute to the remediation of soil properties, including an increase in concentrations of NH4+ by 12.9%-19.4%, soluble P by 25.7%-42.6%, total N uptake by 40.7-64.0 kg ha-1 and total P uptake by 5.60-12.6 kg ha-1, and a decrease in concentrations of toxins, such as Al3+ by 12.1%-19.7% and Fe2+ by 16.6%-19.0%, compared to the treatment with the farmer-based fertilization. Thereby, grain yield was improved by 31.9%-32.2% with the LB versus the treatments without the bacteria and by 9.5%-11.1% compared to the commercial biofertilizer treatments. The application of LB reduced 25% N and 50% P of the recommendation versus the farmers' fertilization and improved performance of rice growth and yield cultivated on ASS which suffered from Al3+ and Fe2+ ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Quoc Khuong
- Faculty of Crop Science, College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Can Tho, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Duc Trong
- Faculty of Crop Science, College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Can Tho, Vietnam
| | - Le Thanh Quang
- Faculty of Crop Science, College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Can Tho, Vietnam
| | - Ly Ngoc Thanh Xuan
- Experimental and Practical Area, An Giang University, An Giang, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Ngo Thanh Phong
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Can Tho University, Can Tho, Vietnam
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11
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Xue X, Xie M, Zhu L, Wang D, Xu Z, Liang L, Zhang J, Xu L, Zhou P, Ran J, Yu G, Lai Y, Sun B, Tang Y, Li H. 5-ALA Improves the Low Temperature Tolerance of Common Bean Seedlings through a Combination of Hormone Transduction Pathways and Chlorophyll Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13189. [PMID: 37685996 PMCID: PMC10487637 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-temperature stress is a key factor limiting the yield and quality of the common bean. 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), an antioxidant in plants, has been shown to modulate plant cold stress responses. However, the molecular mechanisms of 5-ALA-induced physiological and chemical changes in common bean seedlings under cold stress remains unknown. This study explored the physiological and transcriptome changes of common bean seedlings in response to cold stress after 5-ALA pretreatment. Physiological results showed that exogenous 5-ALA promotes the growth of common bean plants under cold stress, increases the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase: 23.8%; peroxidase: 10.71%; catalase: 9.09%) and proline content (24.24%), decreases the relative conductivity (23.83%), malondialdehyde (33.65%), and active oxygen content, and alleviates the damage caused by cold to common bean seedlings. Transcriptome analysis revealed that 214 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) participate in response to cold stress. The DEGs are mainly concentrated in indole alkaloid biosynthesis, carotenoid biosynthesis, porphyrin, and chlorophyll metabolism. It is evident that exogenous 5-ALA alters the expression of genes associated with porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, as well as the plant hormone signal transduction pathway, which helps to maintain the energy supply and metabolic homeostasis under low-temperature stress. The results reveal the effect that applying exogenous 5-ALA has on the cold tolerance of the common bean and the molecular mechanism of its response to cold tolerance, which provides a theoretical basis for exploring and improving plant tolerance to low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Huanxiu Li
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.X.); (M.X.); (L.Z.); (D.W.); (Z.X.); (L.L.); (J.Z.); (L.X.); (P.Z.); (J.R.); (G.Y.); (Y.L.); (B.S.); (Y.T.)
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12
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Nguyen AT, Tran LH, Jung S. Salt Stress-Induced Modulation of Porphyrin Biosynthesis, Photoprotection, and Antioxidant Properties in Rice Plants ( Oryza sativa). Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1618. [PMID: 37627613 PMCID: PMC10451626 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Salt stress disrupts cellular ion homeostasis and adversely impacts plant growth and productivity. We examined the regulatory mechanisms of porphyrin biosynthesis, photoprotection, and antioxidant properties in salt-stressed rice seedlings. In response to 150 mM NaCl, the rice seedlings exhibited dehydration, reduced relative water content, and increased levels of conductivity, malondialdehyde, and H2O2. The expression levels of the salt-stress-responsive genes NHX1, SOS1, and MYB drastically increased after NaCl treatment. The seedlings grown under NaCl stress displayed declines in Fv/Fm, ΦPSII, rETRmax, and photochemical quenching but increases in nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) and the expression of genes involved in zeaxanthin formation, BCH, and VDE. Under salt stress conditions, levels of chlorophyll precursors significantly decreased compared to controls, matching the downregulation of CHLD, CHLH, CHLI, and PORB. By contrast, NaCl treatment led to increased heme content at 24 h of treatment and significant upregulations of FC2, HO1, and HO2 compared to controls. Salt-stressed seedlings also increased their expression of CATs (catalases) and APXs (ascorbate peroxidases) as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase, CAT, APX, and peroxidase. Our results indicate that chlorophyll and heme biosynthesis involve the protective strategies for salt stress alleviation through photoprotection by the scavenging of chlorophyll precursors and NPQ as well as activating antioxidant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh Trung Nguyen
- BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Lien Hong Tran
- BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunyo Jung
- BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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13
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Luo S, Liu Z, Wan Z, He X, Lv J, Yu J, Zhang G. Foliar Spraying of NaHS Alleviates Cucumber Salt Stress by Maintaining N +/K + Balance and Activating Salt Tolerance Signaling Pathways. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2450. [PMID: 37447010 DOI: 10.3390/plants12132450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is involved in the regulation of plant salt stress as a potential signaling molecule. This work investigated the effect of H2S on cucumber growth, photosynthesis, antioxidation, ion balance, and other salt tolerance pathways. The plant height, stem diameter, leaf area and photosynthesis of cucumber seedlings were significantly inhibited by 50 mmol·L-1 NaCl. Moreover, NaCl treatment induced superoxide anion (O2·-) and Na+ accumulation and affected the absorption of other mineral ions. On the contrary, exogenous spraying of 200 μmol·L-1 sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) maintained the growth of cucumber seedlings, increased photosynthesis, enhanced the ascorbate-glutathione cycle (AsA-GSH), and promoted the absorption of mineral ions under salt stress. Meanwhile, NaHS upregulated SOS1, SOS2, SOS3, NHX1, and AKT1 genes to maintain Na+/K+ balance and increased the relative expression of MAPK3, MAPK4, MAPK6, and MAPK9 genes to enhance salt tolerance. These positive effects of H2S could be reversed by 150 mmol·L-1 propargylglycine (PAG, a specific inhibitor of H2S biosynthesis). These results indicated that H2S could mitigate salt damage in cucumber, mainly by improving photosynthesis, enhancing the AsA-GSH cycle, reducing the Na+/K+ ratio, and inducing the SOS pathway and MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilei Luo
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Zeci Liu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Zilong Wan
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xianxia He
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jian Lv
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jihua Yu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Guobin Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
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14
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Wu L, Song L, Cao L, Meng L. Alleviation of Shade Stress in Chinese Yew ( Taxus chinensis) Seedlings with 5-Aminolevulinic Acid (ALA). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2333. [PMID: 37375957 DOI: 10.3390/plants12122333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a novel regulator that can promote plant growth, nitrogen uptake, and abiotic stress tolerance. Its underlying mechanisms, however, have not been fully investigated. In this study, the effects of ALA on morphology, photosynthesis, antioxidant systems, and secondary metabolites in two cultivars of 5-year-old Chinese yew (Taxus chinensis) seedlings, 'Taihang' and 'Fujian', were examined under shade stress (30% light for 30 days) using different doses of ALA (0, 30, and 60 mg/L). The findings from our study show that shade stress significantly reduced plant height, stem thickness, and crown width and increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. However, the application of 30 mg/L ALA effectively mitigated these effects, which further induced the activity of antioxidant enzymes under shade stress, resulting in the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) being increased by 10%, 16.4%, and 42.1%, and 19.8%, 20.1%, and 42% in 'Taihang' and 'Fujian', respectively. It also promoted their role in the absorption, conversion, and efficient use of light energy. Additionally, the use of 30 mg/L ALA caused a significant increase in the concentration of secondary metabolites, including polysaccharide (PC), carotenoid (CR), and flavonoids (FA), with increases of up to 46.1%, 13.4%, and 35.6% and 33.5%, 7.5%, and 57.5% in both yew cultivars, respectively, contributing to nutrient uptake. With ALA treatment, the yew seedlings showed higher chlorophyll (total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a and b) levels and photosynthesis rates than the seedlings that received the shade treatment alone. To conclude, the application of 30 mg/L ALA alleviated shade stress in yew seedlings by maintaining redox balance, protecting the photorespiratory system, and increasing organic metabolites, thus increasing the number of new branches and shoots and significantly promoting the growth of the seedlings. Spraying with ALA may be a sustainable strategy to improve the shade-resistant defense system of yew. As these findings increase our understanding of this shade stress response, they may have considerable implications for the domestication and cultivation of yew.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuliu Wu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Linlin Song
- College of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Lifan Cao
- Engineering and Technology Research Center of Paper Mulberry Industry, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 451451, China
| | - Li Meng
- College of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
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15
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Kaya C, Ashraf M, Alyemeni MN, Rinklebe J, Ahmad P. Alleviation of arsenic toxicity in pepper plants by aminolevulinic acid and heme through modulating its sequestration and distribution within cell organelles. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 330:121747. [PMID: 37146870 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is essential for chlorophyll and heme synthesis. However, whether heme interacts with ALA to elicit antioxidants in arsenic (As)-exposed plants is still unknown. ALA was applied daily to pepper plants for 3 days prior to beginning As stress (As-S). Then, As-S was initiated for 14 days by employing sodium hydrogen arsenate heptahydrate (0.1 mM AsV). Arsenic treatment decreased photosynthetic pigments (chl a by 38% and chl b by 28%), biomass by 24%, and heme by 47% content, but it elevated contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) by 3.3-fold, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by 2.3-fold, glutathione (GSH), methylglyoxal (MG), and phytochelatins (PCs) and electrolyte leakage (EL) by 2.3-fold along with enhanced subcellular As concentration in the pepper plant's roots and leaves. The supplementation of ALA to the As-S-pepper seedlings enhanced the amount of chlorophyll, heme content, and antioxidant enzyme activity as well as plant growth, while it reduced the levels of H2O2, MDA, and EL. ALA boosted GSH and phytochelates (PCs) in the As-S-seedlings by controlling As sequestration and rendering it harmless. The addition of ALA enhanced the amount of As that accumulated in the root vacuoles and reduced the poisonousness of the soluble As in the vacuoles. The ALA treatment facilitated the deposition and fixation of As in the vacuoles and cell walls, thereby reducing the transport of As to other cell organelles. This mechanism may have contributed to the observed decrease in As accumulation in the leaves. The administration of 0.5 mM hemin (H) (a source of heme) significantly enhanced ALA-induced arsenic stress tolerance. Hemopexin (Hx, 0.4 μg L-1), a heme scavenger, was treated with the As-S plants along with ALA and ALA + H to observe if heme was a factor in ALA's increased As-S tolerance. Heme synthesis/accumulation in the pepper plants was reduced by Hx, which counteracted the positive effects of ALA. Supplementation of H along with ALA + Hx reversed the negative effects of Hx, demonstrating that heme is required for ALA-induced seedling As-S tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cengiz Kaya
- Soil Science and Plant Nutrition Department, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey.
| | - Muhammed Ashraf
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Pakistan; International Centre for Chemical and Biological Sciences, The University of Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water and Waste Management, Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285, Wuppertal, Germany.
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Department of Botany. GDC, Pulwama, 192301, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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16
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Liu H, Sun J, Zou J, Li B, Jin H. MeJA-mediated enhancement of salt-tolerance of Populus wutunensis by 5-aminolevulinic acid. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:185. [PMID: 37024791 PMCID: PMC10077631 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04161-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a natural and environmentally benign multifunctional plant growth regulator involved in the regulation of plant tolerance to various environmental stresses. This research aimed to explore the molecular mechanisms of salt tolerance in Populus wutunensis induced by exogenous ALA using physiological and transcriptomic analyses. RESULTS Physiological results showed that 50 mg·L- 1 ALA-treatment significantly reduced the malondialdehyde (MDA) content and the relative electrical conductivity (REC) and enhanced antioxidant activities of enzymes such as SOD, POD and CAT in salt-stressed P. wutunensis seedlings. Transcriptome analysis identified ALA-induced differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associating with increased salt-tolerance in P. wutunensis. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses showed that ALA activated the jasmonic acid signaling and significantly enhanced the protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum and the flavonoid biosynthesis pathways. Results of the hormone-quantification by LC-MS/MS-based assays showed that ALA could increase the accumulation of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) in salt-stressed P. wutunensis. Induced contents of soluble proteins and flavonoids by exogenous ALA in salt-treated seedlings were also correlated with the MeJA content. CONCLUSION 5-aminolevulinic acid improved the protein-folding efficiency in the endoplasmic reticulum and the flavonoid-accumulation through the MeJA-activated jasmonic acid signaling, thereby increased salt-tolerance in P. wutunensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liu
- College of Environment and Bioresource, Dalian Minzu University, No 18, Liaohexi Road, 116600 Dalian, Liaoning China
| | - Jingliang Sun
- College of Environment and Bioresource, Dalian Minzu University, No 18, Liaohexi Road, 116600 Dalian, Liaoning China
| | - Jixiang Zou
- College of Environment and Bioresource, Dalian Minzu University, No 18, Liaohexi Road, 116600 Dalian, Liaoning China
| | - Baisheng Li
- College of Environment and Bioresource, Dalian Minzu University, No 18, Liaohexi Road, 116600 Dalian, Liaoning China
| | - Hua Jin
- College of Environment and Bioresource, Dalian Minzu University, No 18, Liaohexi Road, 116600 Dalian, Liaoning China
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Overexpression of TgERF1, a Transcription Factor from Tectona grandis, Increases Tolerance to Drought and Salt Stress in Tobacco. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044149. [PMID: 36835560 PMCID: PMC9961280 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Teak (Tectona grandis) is one of the most important wood sources, and it is cultivated in tropical regions with a significant market around the world. Abiotic stresses are an increasingly common and worrying environmental phenomenon because it causes production losses in both agriculture and forestry. Plants adapt to these stress conditions by activation or repression of specific genes, and they synthesize numerous stress proteins to maintain their cellular function. For example, APETALA2/ethylene response factor (AP2/ERF) was found to be involved in stress signal transduction. A search in the teak transcriptome database identified an AP2/ERF gene named TgERF1 with a key AP2/ERF domain. We then verified that the TgERF1 expression is rapidly induced by Polyethylene Glycol (PEG), NaCl, and exogenous phytohormone treatments, suggesting a potential role in drought and salt stress tolerance in teak. The full-length coding sequence of TgERF1 gene was isolated from teak young stems, characterized, cloned, and constitutively overexpressed in tobacco plants. In transgenic tobacco plants, the overexpressed TgERF1 protein was localized exclusively in the cell nucleus, as expected for a transcription factor. Furthermore, functional characterization of TgERF1 provided evidence that TgERF1 is a promising candidate gene to be used as selective marker on plant breeding intending to improve plant stress tolerance.
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Kaya C, Ugurlar F, Ashraf M, Alyemeni MN, Moustakas M, Ahmad P. 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Induces Chromium [Cr(VI)] Tolerance in Tomatoes by Alleviating Oxidative Damage and Protecting Photosystem II: A Mechanistic Approach. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12030502. [PMID: 36771587 PMCID: PMC9920640 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Chromium [Cr(VI)] pollution is a major environmental risk, reducing crop yields. 5-Aminolevunic acid (5-ALA) considerably improves plant abiotic stress tolerance by inducing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and nitric oxide (NO) signalling. Our investigation aimed to uncover the mechanism of tomato tolerance to Cr(VI) toxicity through the foliar application of 5-ALA for three days, fifteen days before Cr treatment. Chromium alone decreased plant biomass and photosynthetic pigments, but increased oxidative stress markers, i.e., H2O2 and lipid peroxidation (as MDA equivalent). Electrolyte leakage (EL), NO, nitrate reductase (NR), phytochelatins (PCs), glutathione (GSH), and enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants were also increased. Foliar application of 5-ALA before Cr treatment improved plant growth and photosynthetic pigments, diminished H2O2, MDA content, and EL, and resulted in additional enhancements of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, NR activity, and NO synthesis. In Cr-treated tomato seedlings, 5-ALA enhanced GSH and PCs, which modulated Cr sequestration to make it nontoxic. 5-ALA-induced Cr tolerance was further enhanced by sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a NO donor. When sodium tungstate (ST), a NR inhibitor, was supplied together with 5-ALA to Cr-treated plants, it eliminated the beneficial effects of 5-ALA by decreasing NR activity and NO synthesis, while the addition of SNP inverted the adverse effects of ST. We conclude that the mechanism by which 5-ALA induced Cr tolerance in tomato seedlings is mediated by NR-generated NO. Thus, NR and NO are twin players, reducing Cr toxicity in tomato plants via antioxidant signalling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cengiz Kaya
- Soil Science and Plant Nutrition Department, Harran University, 63200 Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Ferhat Ugurlar
- Soil Science and Plant Nutrition Department, Harran University, 63200 Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Muhammed Ashraf
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | | | - Michael Moustakas
- Department of Botany, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Correspondence:
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Department of Botany, GDC, Jammu and Kashmir, Pulwama 192301, India
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Li D, Yu F, Zhang Y, Hu K, Dai D, Song S, Zhang F, Sa R, Lian H, Sheng Y. Integrative analysis of different low-light-tolerant cucumber lines in response to low-light stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1093859. [PMID: 36743563 PMCID: PMC9891299 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1093859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Low light stress inhibits plant growth due to a line of physiological disruptions in plants, and is one of the major barriers to protected cucumber cultivation in northern China. METHODS To comprehensively understand the responses of cucumber seedlings to low-light stress, the low-light-tolerant line (M67) and The low-light-sensitive line (M14) were conducted for the analysis of photosynthetic phenotype, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and the expression level of photosynthesis-related genes in leaves under low-light stress and normal light condition (control). RESULTS The results showed that there was a sharp decrease in the photosynthate accumulation in the leaves of the sensitive line, M14, resulting in a large decrease in the photosynthetic rate (Pn) (with 31.99%) of leaves compared to that of the control, which may have been caused by damage to chloroplast ultrastructure or a decrease in chlorophyll (Chl) content. However, under the same low-light treatment, there was no large drop in the photosynthate accumulation and even no decrease in Pn and Chl content for the tolerant line, M67. Moreover, results of gene expression analysis showed that the expression level of genes CsPsbQ (the photosystem II oxygen-evolving enhancer protein 3 gene) and Csgamma (ATPase, F1 complex gene) in the M14 leaves decreased sharply (by 35.04% and 30.58%, respectively) compared with the levels in the M67 leaves, which decreased by 14.78% and 23.61%, respectively. The expression levels of genes involved in Chl synthesis and carbohydrate biosynthesis in the leaves of M14 decreased markedly after low-light treatment; in contrast, there were no sharp decreases or changes in leaves of M67. DISCUSSION Over all, the ability of cucumber to respond to low-light stress, as determined on the basis of the degree of damage in leaf structure and chloroplast ultrastructure, which corresponded to decreased gene expression levels and ATP phosphorylase activity, significantly differed between different low-light-tolerant lines, which was manifested as significant differences in photosynthetic capacity between them. Results of this study will be a reference for comprehensive insight into the physiological mechanism involved in the low-light tolerance of cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Li
- *Correspondence: Dandan Li, ; Yunyan Sheng,
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20
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Kanwal S, De-Eknamkul W. A Non-functional γ-Aminobutyric Acid Shunt Pathway in Cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 Enhances δ-Aminolevulinic Acid Accumulation under Modified Nutrient Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021213. [PMID: 36674729 PMCID: PMC9864891 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
To redirect carbon flux from the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) shunt to the δ-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) biosynthetic pathway, we disrupted the GABA shunt route of the model cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 by inactivating Gdc, the gene-encoding glutamate decarboxylase. The generated ΔGdc strain exhibited lower intracellular GABA and higher ALA levels than the wild-type (WT) one. The ΔGdc strain’s ALA levels were ~2.8 times higher than those of the WT one when grown with levulinic acid (LA), a competitive inhibitor of porphobilinogen synthase. Abiotic stress conditions including salinity induced by 10 mM NaCl and cold at 4 °C increased the ALA levels in ΔGdc up to ~2.5 and 5 ng g−1 cell DW, respectively. The highest ALA production in the ΔGdc cyanobacteria grown in BG11 medium was triggered by glucose induction, followed by glutamate supplementation with 60 mM of LA, thereby resulting in ~360 ng g−1 cell DW of ALA, that is >300-fold higher ALA accumulation than that observed in ΔGdc cyanobacteria grown in normal medium. Increased levels of the gdhA (involved in the interconversion of α-ketoglutarate to glutamate) and the hemA (a major regulatory target of the ALA biosynthetic pathway) transcripts occurred in ΔGdc cyanobacteria grown under modified growth conditions. Our study provides critical insight into the facilitation of ALA production in cyanobacteria.
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Liu Y, Fan W, Cheng Q, Zhang L, Cai T, Shi Q, Wang Z, Chang C, Yin Q, Jiang X, Jin K. Multi-omics analyses reveal new insights into nutritional quality changes of alfalfa leaves during the flowering period. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:995031. [PMID: 36531350 PMCID: PMC9748345 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.995031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
High-quality alfalfa is an indispensable resource for animal husbandry and sustainable development. Its nutritional quality changes dramatically during its life cycle and, at present, no molecular mechanisms for nutrient metabolic variation in alfalfa leaves at different growth stages have been clearly reported. We have used correlation and network analyses of the alfalfa leaf metabolome, proteome, and transcriptome to explore chlorophyll, flavonoid, and amino acid content at two development stages: budding stage (BS) and full-bloom stage (FBS). A high correlation between the expression of biosynthetic genes and their metabolites revealed significant reductions in metabolite content as the plant matured from BS to FBS. l-Glutamate, the first molecule of chlorophyll biosynthesis, decreased, and the expression of HemA, which controls the transformation of glutamyl-tRNA to glutamate 1-semialdehyde, was down-regulated, leading to a reduction in leaf chlorophyll content. Flavonoids also decreased, driven at least in part by increased expression of the gene encoding CYP75B1: flavonoid 3'-monooxygenase, which catalyzes the hydroxylation of dihydroflavonols and flavonols, resulting in degradation of flavonoids. Expression of NITRILASE 2 (NIT2) and Methyltransferase B (metB), which regulate amino acid metabolism and influence the expression of genes of the glycolysis-TCA pathway, were down-regulated, causing amino acid content in alfalfa leaves to decrease at FBS. This study provides new insights into the complex regulatory network governing the content and decrease of chlorophyll, amino acids, flavonoids, and other nutrients in alfalfa leaves during maturation. These results further provide a theoretical basis for the generation of alfalfa varieties exhibiting higher nutritional quality, high-yield cultivation, and a timely harvest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Grassland Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Wenqiang Fan
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Qiming Cheng
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Lianyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Forage, Inner Mongolia Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Technology Extension Center, Hohhot, China
| | - Ting Cai
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Forage, Inner Mongolia Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Technology Extension Center, Hohhot, China
| | - Quan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Forage, Inner Mongolia Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Technology Extension Center, Hohhot, China
| | - Zuo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Forage, Inner Mongolia Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Technology Extension Center, Hohhot, China
| | - Chun Chang
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Grassland Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Qiang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Grassland Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Xiaowei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Grassland Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Ke Jin
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Grassland Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot, China
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Wang J, Yuan H, Wu Y, Yu J, Ali B, Zhang J, Tang Z, Xie J, Lyu J, Liao W. Application of 5-aminolevulinic acid promotes ripening and accumulation of primary and secondary metabolites in postharvest tomato fruit. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1036843. [PMID: 36438749 PMCID: PMC9686309 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1036843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) plays a vital role in promoting plant growth, enhancing stress resistance, and improving fruit yield and quality. In the present study, tomato fruits were harvested at mature green stage and sprayed with 200 mg L-1 ALA on fruit surface. During ripening, the estimation of primary and secondary metabolites, carotenoids, and chlorophyll contents, and the expression levels of key genes involved in their metabolism were carried out. The results showed that ALA significantly promoted carotenoids accumulation by upregulating the gene expression levels of geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (GGPPS, encoding geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase), phytoene synthase 1 (PSY1, encoding phytoene synthase), phytoene desaturase (PDS, encoding phytoene desaturase), and lycopeneβ-cyclase (LCYB, encoding lycopene β-cyclase), whereas chlorophyll content decreased by downregulating the expression levels of Mg-chelatase (CHLH, encoding Mg-chelatase) and protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (POR, encoding protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase). Besides, the contents of soluble solids, vitamin C, soluble protein, free amino acids, total soluble sugar, organic acid, total phenol, and flavonoid were increased in ALA-treated tomato fruit, but the fruit firmness was decreased. These results indicated that the exogenous ALA could not only promote postharvest tomato fruit ripening but also improve the internal nutritional and flavor quality of tomato fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwen Wang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hong Yuan
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yue Wu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jihua Yu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Basharat Ali
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhongqi Tang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianming Xie
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jian Lyu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Weibiao Liao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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Long S, Liu B, Gong J, Wang R, Gao S, Zhu T, Guo H, Liu T, Xu Y. 5-Aminolevulinic acid promotes low-light tolerance by regulating chloroplast ultrastructure, photosynthesis, and antioxidant capacity in tall fescue. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 190:248-261. [PMID: 36152510 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The vital signaling molecule 5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) plays critical roles in signal transduction and biological modulation under abiotic stresses. In this study, we explored the effects of exogenous ALA on low-light (LL) stress-induced photosynthesis and antioxidant system damage in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) seedlings. LL stress decreased morphological index values and chlorophyll contents, while also reduced net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and the maximum quantum yield of photosystem II photochemistry (Fv/Fm). Notably, these restrictions were substantially alleviated by exogenous ALA. Moreover, the contents of chlorophyll and its synthetic precursors were significantly increased after ALA treatment. Meanwhile, ALA observably enhanced expression level of FaCHLG, FaHEMA, FaPOR, and FaCAO, which encode the chlorophyll precursors biosynthesis enzymes. Exogenous ALA repaired the damage to the chloroplast ultrastructure caused by LL stress and promoted the formation of ordered thylakoids and grana lamella. ALA also improved Rubisco activity and expression level of the photosynthetic enzyme genes FaRuBP, FaPRK, and FaGADPH. Additionally, application of exogenous ALA decreased relative electrolytic leakage and the accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and superoxide radicals (O2∙-), and increased the gene expression levels and activity of antioxidant enzymes. The ratios of ascorbic acid (AsA) to dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) to oxidized glutathione (GSSG) were also increased significantly by application of ALA. Furthermore, all responses could be reversed by treatment with levulinic acid (LA). Thus, these results indicated that ALA protects tall fescue from LL stress through scavenging ROS, improving photosynthetic enzyme activity levels, increasing photosynthetic pigments contents, repairing chloroplast damage, and enhancing the photosynthesis rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Long
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, PR China
| | - Bowen Liu
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, PR China
| | - Jiongjiong Gong
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, PR China
| | - Ruijia Wang
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, PR China
| | - Shuanghong Gao
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, PR China
| | - Tianqi Zhu
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, PR China
| | - Huan Guo
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, PR China
| | - Tieyuan Liu
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, PR China.
| | - Yuefei Xu
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, PR China.
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Franzolin MR, Lopes IS, Courrol DDS, de Souza Barreto S, Courrol LC. Synthesis, characterization, antimicrobial activity, and toxicity evaluation of aminolevulinic acid-silver and silver-iron nanoparticles for potential applications in agriculture. RSC Adv 2022; 12:30094-30103. [PMID: 36329930 PMCID: PMC9585435 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05135d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is considered one of the most critical plants growth regulators and essential precursors for chlorophyll biosynthesis; besides, its photodynamic activity can be used to exterminate larvae and microorganisms in plants and soil. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have unique physicochemical properties and potent antimicrobial, antiviral, and antifungal activities, and in agriculture, their application as nanopesticides has been proposed. In this study, silver and silver–iron nanoparticles capped/stabilized with aminolevulinic acid (ALAAgNPs and ALAAgFeNPs) were synthesized by the photoreduction method and characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and zeta potential analysis. The kinetics of 1O2 generation from ALAAgFeNPs were obtained. The ALANP toxicity was evaluated on stalks of E. densa by observing cell morphology changes and measuring chlorophyll content compared with water-treated plants. Antimicrobial activity was tested against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and Candida albicans. The results suggested that ALANPs (prepared with [AgNO3] ≤ 0.2 mM and [ALA] ≤ 0.4 mM) could be suitable for applications in the agricultural sector. The presence of ∼0.3 mmol of iron in ALAAgNPs synthesis increased cell uptake and chlorophyll synthesis. ALA is a natural metabolite in all living cells and possesses low toxicity. ALANPs exhibit high antimicrobial activity, promote plant growth and have the potential to show photodynamic herbicidal properties under solar illumination.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isabela Santos Lopes
- Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de São PauloDiademaSão PauloBrazil
| | | | | | - Lilia Coronato Courrol
- Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de São PauloDiademaSão PauloBrazil
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25
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Zhang Z, Yuan L, Ma Y, Kang Z, Zhou F, Gao Y, Yang S, Li T, Hu X. Exogenous 5-aminolevulinic acid alleviates low-temperature damage by modulating the xanthophyll cycle and nutrient uptake in tomato seedlings. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 189:83-93. [PMID: 36058015 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA), an antioxidant existing in plants, has been widely reported to participate in the process of coping with cold stress of plants. In this study, exogenous ALA promoted the growth of tomato plants and alleviated the appearance of purple tomato leaves under low-temperature stress. At the same time, exogenous ALA improved antioxidant enzyme activities, SlSOD gene expression, Fv/Fm, and proline contents and reduced H2O2 contents, SlRBOH gene expression, relative electrical conductivity, and malondialdehyde contents to alleviate the damage caused by low temperature to tomato seedlings. Compared with low-temperature stress, spraying exogenous ALA before low-temperature stress could restore the indicators of photochemical quenching, actual photochemical efficiency, electron transport rate, and nonphotochemical quenching to normal. Exogenous ALA could increase the total contents of the xanthophyll cycle pool, the positive de-epoxidation rate of the xanthophyll cycle and improved the expression levels of key genes in the xanthophyll cycle under low-temperature stress. In addition, we found that exogenous ALA significantly enhanced the absorption of mineral nutrients, promoted the transfer and distribution of mineral nutrients to the leaves, and improved the expression levels of mineral nutrient absorption-related genes, which were all conducive to the improved adaptation of tomato seedlings under low-temperature stress. In summary, the application of exogenous ALA can increase tomato seedlings' tolerance to low-temperature stress by improving the xanthophyll cycle and the ability of the absorption of mineral nutrients in tomato seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengda Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Shaanxi Protected Agriculture Research Centre, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Luqiao Yuan
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Shaanxi Protected Agriculture Research Centre, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yongbo Ma
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Shaanxi Protected Agriculture Research Centre, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Zhen Kang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Shaanxi Protected Agriculture Research Centre, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Fan Zhou
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yi Gao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Shichun Yang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Tianlai Li
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
| | - Xiaohui Hu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Shaanxi Protected Agriculture Research Centre, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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26
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Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Yuan L, Zhou F, Gao Y, Kang Z, Li T, Hu X. Exogenous 5-aminolevulinic acid alleviates low-temperature injury by regulating glutathione metabolism and β-alanine metabolism in tomato seedling roots. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 245:114112. [PMID: 36155340 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Food availability represents a major worldwide concern due to climate change and population growth. Low-temperature stress (LTS) severely restricts the growth of tomato seedlings. Exogenous 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) can alleviate the harm of abiotic stress including LTS; however, data on its protective mechanism on tomato seedling roots, the effects of organelle structure, and the regulation of metabolic pathways under LTS are lacking. In this study, we hope to fill the above gaps by exploring the effects of exogenous ALA on morphology, mitochondrial ultrastructure, reactive oxygen species (ROS) enrichment, physiological indicators, related gene expression, and metabolic pathway in tomato seedlings root under LTS. Results showed that ALA pretreatment could increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the content of antioxidant substances in tomato seedlings roots under LTS to scavenge the massively accumulated ROS, thereby protecting the mitochondrial structure of roots and promoting root development under LTS. Combined transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis showed that exogenous ALA pretreatment activated the glutathione metabolism and β-alanine metabolism of tomato seedling roots under LTS, further enhanced the scavenging ability of tomato seedling roots to ROS, and improved the low-temperature tolerance of tomato seedlings. The findings provide a new insight into the regulation of the low-temperature tolerance of tomato by exogenous ALA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengda Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Shaanxi Protected Agriculture Research Centre, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yuhui Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Shaanxi Protected Agriculture Research Centre, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Luqiao Yuan
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Shaanxi Protected Agriculture Research Centre, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Fan Zhou
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yi Gao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zhen Kang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Shaanxi Protected Agriculture Research Centre, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Tianlai Li
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Xiaohui Hu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Shaanxi Protected Agriculture Research Centre, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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Yang Y, Fang X, Chen M, Wang L, Xia J, Wang Z, Fang J, Tran LSP, Shangguan L. Copper stress in grapevine: Consequences, responses, and a novel mitigation strategy using 5-aminolevulinic acid. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 307:119561. [PMID: 35659552 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Improper application of copper-based fungicides has made copper stress critical in viticulture, necessitating the need to identify substances that can mitigate it. In this study, leaves of 'Shine Muscat' ('SM') grapevine seedlings were treated with CuSO4 solution (10 mM/L), CuSO4 + 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) (50 mg/L), and distilled water to explore the mitigation effect of ALA. Physiological assays demonstrated that ALA effectively reduced malondialdehyde accumulation and increased peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities in grapevine leaves under copper stress. Copper ion absorption, transport pathways, chlorophyll metabolism pathways, photosynthetic system, and antioxidant pathways play key roles in ALA alleviated-copper stress. Moreover, expression changes in genes, such as CHLH, ALAD, RCA, and DHAR, play vital roles in these processes. Furthermore, abscisic acid reduction caused by NCED down-regulation and decreased naringenin, leucopelargonidin, and betaine contents confirmed the alleviating effect of ALA. Taken together, these results reveal how grapevine responds to copper stress and the alleviating effects of ALA, thus providing a novel means of alleviating copper stress in viticulture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxian Yang
- Department of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China; Fruit Crop Genetic Improvement and Seedling Propagation Engineering Center of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiang Fang
- Department of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China; Fruit Crop Genetic Improvement and Seedling Propagation Engineering Center of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Mengxia Chen
- Department of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China; Fruit Crop Genetic Improvement and Seedling Propagation Engineering Center of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Lingyu Wang
- Department of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China; Fruit Crop Genetic Improvement and Seedling Propagation Engineering Center of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jiaxin Xia
- Department of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China; Fruit Crop Genetic Improvement and Seedling Propagation Engineering Center of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zicheng Wang
- Department of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China; Fruit Crop Genetic Improvement and Seedling Propagation Engineering Center of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jinggui Fang
- Department of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China; Fruit Crop Genetic Improvement and Seedling Propagation Engineering Center of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Lam-Son Phan Tran
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA; Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Lingfei Shangguan
- Department of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China; Fruit Crop Genetic Improvement and Seedling Propagation Engineering Center of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Yang Y, Xie J, Li J, Zhang J, Zhang X, Yao Y, Wang C, Niu T, Bakpa EP. Trehalose alleviates salt tolerance by improving photosynthetic performance and maintaining mineral ion homeostasis in tomato plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:974507. [PMID: 36035709 PMCID: PMC9412767 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.974507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Trehalose (Tre), which was an osmoprotective or stabilizing molecule, played a protective role against different abiotic stresses in plants and showed remarkable perspectives in salt stress. In this study, the potential role of Tre in improving the resistance to salt stress in tomato plants was investigated. Tomato plants (Micro Tom) were treated with Hoagland nutrient solution (CK), 10 mM Tre (T), 150 mM sodium chloride (NaCl, S), and 10 mM Tre+150 mM NaCl (S+T) for 5 days. Our results showed that foliar application of Tre alleviated the inhibition of tomato plant growth under salt stress. In addition, salt stress decreased the values of net photosynthetic rate (Pn, 85.99%), stomata conductance (gs, 57.3%), and transpiration rate (Tr, 47.97%), but increased that of intercellular carbon dioxide concentration (Ci, 26.25%). However, exogenous application of Tre significantly increased photosynthetic efficiency, increased the activity of Calvin cycle enzymes [ribulose diphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco), fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (FBA), fructose-1, 6-bisphosphatase (FBPase), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), and transketolase (TK)], up-regulated the expression of genes encoding enzymes, induced stomatal opening, and alleviated salt-induced damage to the chloroplast membrane and structure. In the saline environment, photosynthetic electron transport was restricted, resulting the J-I-P phase to decrease. At the same time, the absorption, capture, and transport energies per excited cross-section and per active reaction center decreased, and the dissipation energy increased. Conversely, Tre reversed these values and enhanced the photosystem response to salt stress by protecting the photosynthetic electron transport system. In addition, foliage application with Tre significantly increased the potassium to sodium transport selectivity ratio (S K-Na ) by 16.08%, and increased the levels of other ions to varying degrees. Principal component analysis (PCA) analysis showed that exogenous Tre could change the distribution of elements in different organs and affect the expressions of SlSOS1, SlNHX, SlHKT1.1, SlVHA, and SlHA-A at the transcriptional level under salt stress, thereby maintaining ion homeostasis. This study demonstrated that Tre was involved in the process of mitigating salt stress toxicity in tomato plants and provided specific insights into the effectiveness of Tre in mediating salt tolerance.
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29
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Li X, Yan Y, Li X, Mu L, Zhao J, Yao M, Hu X. Humic acids alleviate the toxicity of reduced graphene oxide modified by nanosized palladium in microalgae. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 241:113794. [PMID: 35738107 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The use of graphene-family materials modified by nanosized palladium (Pd/GFMs) has intensified rapidly in various fields; however, the effects of environmental factors (e.g., natural organic matter (NOM)) on the transformation and ecotoxicity of Pd/GFMs remain largely unknown. In this study, reduced graphene oxide modified by nanosized Pd (Pd/rGO) was incubated with humic acid (HA) under light irradiation for 56 d to explore the effects of NOM on the physicochemical transformations (e.g., defects, surface charges and dispersity) and biological toxicity (e.g., growth inhibition, oxidative stress and ultrastructural damage on algae cells) of Pd/GFMs. The results revealed that HA increased the defects and dispersity of Pd/rGO. Growth inhibition, damage to cellular ultrastructures, and oxidative stress in microalgae cells were induced by Pd/rGO, and corresponding defense responses (e.g., superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and glutathione) were activated. HA diminished the above defense responses in microalgae triggered by Pd/rGO by regulating GSH metabolism and the alanine biosynthesis pathway. In the presence of HA, cell wall damage (i.e., hole formation) caused by exposure to Pd/rGO was restored, and the plasmolysis area was reduced by 28.6 %. In addition, growth inhibition, lipid peroxidation, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and ROS formation induced by 1.0 mg/L MoS2NPs were decreased by 1.4-65.6 %, 13.9-26.1 %, 21.8-58.3 % and 9.6-16.1 %, respectively. These findings highlight the need to consider the effects of HA on the environmental transformation and biological toxicity of Pd/GFMs, which presents significant implications for the management of Pd/GFMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokang Li
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Yan Yan
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Li
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Li Mu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agro-product Safety, Key Laboratory for Environmental Factor Control of Agro-product Quality Safety (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Institute of Agro-environmental Protection, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China.
| | - Jingqi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Mingqi Yao
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xiangang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
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Sheikhalipour M, Mohammadi SA, Esmaielpour B, Zareei E, Kulak M, Ali S, Nouraein M, Bahrami MK, Gohari G, Fotopoulos V. Exogenous melatonin increases salt tolerance in bitter melon by regulating ionic balance, antioxidant system and secondary metabolism-related genes. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:380. [PMID: 35907823 PMCID: PMC9338570 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03728-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melatonin is a multi-functional molecule widely employed in order to mitigate abiotic stress factors, in general and salt stress in particular. Even though previous reports revealed that melatonin could exhibit roles in promoting seed germination and protecting plants during various developmental stages of several plant species under salt stress, no reports are available with respect to the regulatory acts of melatonin on the physiological and biochemical status as well as the expression levels of defense- and secondary metabolism-related related transcripts in bitter melon subjected to the salt stress. RESULTS Herewith the present study, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the physiological and ion balance, antioxidant system, as well as transcript analysis of defense-related genes (WRKY1, SOS1, PM H+-ATPase, SKOR, Mc5PTase7, and SOAR1) and secondary metabolism-related gene expression (MAP30, α-MMC, polypeptide-P, and PAL) in salt-stressed bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) plants in response to melatonin treatment. In this regard, different levels of melatonin (0, 75 and 150 µM) were applied to mitigate salinity stress (0, 50 and 100 mM NaCl) in bitter melon. Accordingly, present findings revealed that 100 mM salinity stress decreased growth and photosynthesis parameters (SPAD, Fv/Fo, Y(II)), RWC, and some nutrient elements (K+, Ca2+, and P), while it increased Y(NO), Y(NPQ), proline, Na+, Cl-, H2O2, MDA, antioxidant enzyme activity, and lead to the induction of the examined genes. However, prsiming with 150 µM melatonin increased SPAD, Fv/Fo, Y(II)), RWC, and K+, Ca2+, and P concentration while decreased Y(NO), Y(NPQ), Na+, Cl-, H2O2, and MDA under salt stress. In addition, the antioxidant system and gene expression levels were increased by melatonin (150 µM). CONCLUSIONS Overall, it can be postulated that the application of melatonin (150 µM) has effective roles in alleviating the adverse impacts of salinity through critical modifications in plant metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Sheikhalipour
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Horticulture, University of Mohagheh Ardebili, Ardebil, Iran
- Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Seyed Abolghasem Mohammadi
- Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
- Center for Cell Pathology, Department of Life Sciences, Khazar University, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Behrooz Esmaielpour
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Horticulture, University of Mohagheh Ardebili, Ardebil, Iran
| | - Elnaz Zareei
- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Muhittin Kulak
- Department of Herbal and Animal Production, Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Igdir University, Igdir, Türkiye
| | - Sajid Ali
- Department of Horticulture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Mojtaba Nouraein
- Department of Plant Genetics and Production, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
| | | | - Gholamreza Gohari
- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran.
| | - Vasileios Fotopoulos
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology Limassol, Limassol, Cyprus
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Ali B, Hafeez A, Ahmad S, Javed MA, Sumaira, Afridi MS, Dawoud TM, Almaary KS, Muresan CC, Marc RA, Alkhalifah DHM, Selim S. Bacillus thuringiensis PM25 ameliorates oxidative damage of salinity stress in maize via regulating growth, leaf pigments, antioxidant defense system, and stress responsive gene expression. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:921668. [PMID: 35968151 PMCID: PMC9366557 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.921668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity is the major abiotic stress that disrupts nutrient uptake, hinders plant growth, and threatens agricultural production. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are the most promising eco-friendly beneficial microorganisms that can be used to improve plant responses against biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, a previously identified B. thuringiensis PM25 showed tolerance to salinity stress up to 3 M NaCl. The Halo-tolerant Bacillus thuringiensis PM25 demonstrated distinct salinity tolerance and enhance plant growth-promoting activities under salinity stress. Antibiotic-resistant Iturin C (ItuC) and bio-surfactant-producing (sfp and srfAA) genes that confer biotic and abiotic stresses were also amplified in B. thuringiensis PM25. Under salinity stress, the physiological and molecular processes were followed by the over-expression of stress-related genes (APX and SOD) in B. thuringiensis PM25. The results detected that B. thuringiensis PM25 inoculation substantially improved phenotypic traits, chlorophyll content, radical scavenging capability, and relative water content under salinity stress. Under salinity stress, the inoculation of B. thuringiensis PM25 significantly increased antioxidant enzyme levels in inoculated maize as compared to uninoculated plants. In addition, B. thuringiensis PM25-inoculation dramatically increased soluble sugars, proteins, total phenols, and flavonoids in maize as compared to uninoculated plants. The inoculation of B. thuringiensis PM25 significantly reduced oxidative burst in inoculated maize under salinity stress, compared to uninoculated plants. Furthermore, B. thuringiensis PM25-inoculated plants had higher levels of compatible solutes than uninoculated controls. The current results demonstrated that B. thuringiensis PM25 plays an important role in reducing salinity stress by influencing antioxidant defense systems and abiotic stress-related genes. These findings also suggest that multi-stress tolerant B. thuringiensis PM25 could enhance plant growth by mitigating salt stress, which might be used as an innovative tool for enhancing plant yield and productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baber Ali
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Aqsa Hafeez
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Saliha Ahmad
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ammar Javed
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sumaira
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Turki M. Dawoud
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid S. Almaary
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Crina Carmen Muresan
- Food Engineering Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Romina Alina Marc
- Food Engineering Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dalal Hussien M. Alkhalifah
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samy Selim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
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Wu Y, Li J, Wang J, Dawuda MM, Liao W, Meng X, Yuan H, Xie J, Tang Z, Lyu J, Yu J. Heme is involved in the exogenous ALA-promoted growth and antioxidant defense system of cucumber seedlings under salt stress. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:329. [PMID: 35804328 PMCID: PMC9264505 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03717-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A biosynthetic precursor of tetrapyrrol, 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), is widely used in agricultural production, as an exogenous regulatory substance that effectively regulates plant growth. Previous studies have shown that heme and chlorophyll accumulate in plants under salt stress, when treated with exogenous ALA. In this study, we explored the regulatory role of heme in plants, by spraying 25 mg L-1 ALA onto the leaves of cucumber seedlings treated with heme synthesis inhibitor (2,2'-dipyridyl, DPD) and heme scavenger (hemopexin, Hx), under 50 mmol L-1 NaCl stress. The results showed that NaCl alone and DPD + Hx treatments to cucumber seedlings subjected to salt stress adversely affected their growth, by decreasing biomass accumulation, root activity, and root morphology. In addition, these treatments induced an increase in membrane lipid oxidation, as well as enhancement of anti-oxidase activities, proline content, and glutamate betaine. However, exogenous ALA application increased the plant growth and root architecture indices under NaCl stress, owing to a lack of heme in the seedlings. In addition, cucumber seedlings treated with DPD and Hx showed inhibition of growth under salt stress, but exogenous ALA effectively improved cucumber seedling growth as well as the physiological characteristics; moreover, the regulation of ALA in plants was weakened when heme synthesis was inhibited. Heme biosynthesis and metabolism genes, HEMH and HO1, which are involved in the ALA metabolic pathway, were upregulated under salinity conditions, when ferrochelatase activity was inhibited. Application of exogenous ALA increased the heme content in the leaves. Thus, exogenous ALA may supplement the substrates for heme synthesis. These results indicated that heme plays a vital role in the response of plants to salinity stress. In conclusion, heme is involved in ALA-mediated alleviation of damage caused to cucumber seedlings and acts as a positive regulator of plant adaption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Junwen Wang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Mohammed Mujitaba Dawuda
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
- Department of Horticulture, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Weibiao Liao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Xin Meng
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Hong Yuan
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Jianming Xie
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Zhongqi Tang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Jian Lyu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Jihua Yu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Arid-Land Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
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Yang L, Wu Y, Wang X, Lv J, Tang Z, Hu L, Luo S, Wang R, Ali B, Yu J. Physiological Mechanism of Exogenous 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Improved the Tolerance of Chinese Cabbage ( Brassica pekinensis L.) to Cadmium Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:845396. [PMID: 35720555 PMCID: PMC9199490 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.845396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), a new type of plant growth regulator, can relieve the toxicity of cadmium (Cd) to plants. However, its mechanism has not been thoroughly studied. In the study, the roles of ALA have been investigated in the tolerance of Chinese cabbage (Brassica pekinensis L.) seedlings to Cd stress. The results showed that Cd significantly reduced the biomass and the length of the primary root of seedlings but increased the malondialdehyde (MDA) and the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) contents. These can be effectively mitigated through the application of ALA. The ALA can further induce the activities of antioxidant enzymes in the ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle under Cd stress, which resulted in high levels of both GSH and AsA. Under ALA + Cd treatment, the seedlings showed a higher chlorophyll content and photosynthetic performance in comparison with Cd treatment alone. Microscopic analysis results confirmed that ALA can protect the cell structure of shoots and roots, i.e., stabilizing the morphological structure of chloroplasts in leaf mesophyll cells. The qRT-PCR results further reported that ALA downregulated the expressions of Cd absorption and transport-related genes in shoots (HMA2 and HMA4) and roots (IRT1, IRT2, Nramp1, and Nramp3), which resulted in the low Cd content in the shoots and roots of cabbage seedlings. Taken together, the exogenous application of ALA alleviates Cd stress through maintaining redox homeostasis, protecting the photosynthetic system, and regulating the expression of Cd transport-related genes in Chinese cabbage seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijing Yang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yue Wu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jian Lv
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhongqi Tang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Linli Hu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shilei Luo
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ruidong Wang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Basharat Ali
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Jihua Yu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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Screening of Key Indices and the Gene Transcriptional Regulation Analysis Related to Salt Tolerance in Salix matsudana Seedlings. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13050754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pot experiments were performed to comparatively study the differences in 16 salt tolerance indices between the seedlings of six Salix matsudana clones under the stress of various concentrations of NaCl (0, 0.1%, 0.3%, 0.5%, and 0.7%), including the salt injury index, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, leaf water content, relative conductivity, malondialdehyde content, and antioxidant enzyme activity. The salt-tolerant clones and key indices of salt tolerance were selected. Transcriptome sequencing analysis was performed on the selected salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive clones under salt stress, and the links between the physiological indices of salt tolerance and gene expression were analyzed. Results: (1) Superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), chlorophyll, and net photosynthetic rate were closely related to the salt tolerance of Salix matsudana at the seedling stage. The regression equation was constructed as follows: salt tolerance index (y) = 0.224x10 + 0.216x11 + 0.127x12 + 0.191x7 − 0.187 (x10 = chlorophyll, x11 = SOD, x12 = POD, x7 = net photosynthetic rate). (2) The number of differentially expressed genes between the seedlings of salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive clones varied with the time of exposure (0 h, 4 h, 12 h, and 24 h) to 200 mmol·L−1 NaCl stress. The most differentially expressed genes in Sm172 were detected upon 24 h vs. 4 h of salt treatment, while the most in Sm6 were in the 24 h vs. 0 h comparison. Gene Ontology analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis showed that several differentially expressed genes were involved in carotenoid biosynthesis and plant mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways. The nine highly expressed transcription factor genes (Sm172-f2p30-2392, Sm172-f2p28-2386, Sm6-f8p60-2372, Sm6-f2p39-2263, Sm6-f16p60-2374, Sm6-f3p60-931, Sm6-f2p60-1067, Sm172-f3p54-1980, and Sm172-f3p54-1980) were closely correlated with the four key indices of salt tolerance. These genes could become genetic resources for salt tolerance breeding of Salix matsudana.
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Wang H, Liu Z, Xie J, Li J, Zhang J, Yu J, Hu L, Zhang G. The CaALAD Gene From Pepper ( Capsicum annuum L.) Confers Chilling Stress Tolerance in Transgenic Arabidopsis Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:884990. [PMID: 35574110 PMCID: PMC9100946 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.884990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The ALAD gene encodes an enzyme that is essential for chlorophyll biosynthesis and is involved in many other physiological processes in plants. In this study, the CaALAD gene was cloned from pepper and sequenced. Multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis of ALAD proteins from nine plant species showed that ALAD is highly conserved, and that CaALAD shows the highest homology with the ALAD protein from eggplant. Subcellular localization indicated that the CaALAD protein is mainly localized to the chloroplasts. After transferring CaALAD into the Arabidopsis thaliana genome, cold tolerance of the transgenic lines improved. Overexpression of CaALAD increased the relative transcription of the AtCBF2, AtICE1, and AtCOR15b genes in transgenic Arabidopsis plants exposed to low temperature (4°C) stress, and the contents of reactive oxygen species decreased due to increased activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase. Moreover, chlorophyll biosynthesis, as determined by the contents of porphobilinogen, protoporphyrin IX, Mg-protoporphyrin IX, prochlorophyllate, and chlorophyll in the transgenic Arabidopsis plants, increased in response to low temperature stress. In addition, the transgenic lines were more sensitive to exogenous ALA and NaHS, and the H2S content of transgenic line plants increased more rapidly than in the wild-type, suggesting that CaALAD may respond to low temperatures by influencing the content of H2S, a signaling molecule. Our study gives a preliminary indication of the function of CaALAD and will provide a theoretical basis for future molecular breeding of cold tolerance in pepper.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jianming Xie
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou, China
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Brilli F, Pignattelli S, Baraldi R, Neri L, Pollastri S, Gonnelli C, Giovannelli A, Loreto F, Cocozza C. Root Exposure to 5-Aminolevulinic Acid (ALA) Affects Leaf Element Accumulation, Isoprene Emission, Phytohormonal Balance, and Photosynthesis of Salt-Stressed Arundo donax. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084311. [PMID: 35457125 PMCID: PMC9028702 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Arundo donax has been recognized as a promising crop for biomass production on marginal lands due to its superior productivity and stress tolerance. However, salt stress negatively impacts A. donax growth and photosynthesis. In this study, we tested whether the tolerance of A. donax to salinity stress can be enhanced by the addition of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), a known promoter of plant growth and abiotic stress tolerance. Our results indicated that root exposure to ALA increased the ALA levels in leaves along the A. donax plant profile. ALA enhanced Na+ accumulation in the roots of salt-stressed plants and, at the same time, lowered Na+ concentration in leaves, while a reduced callose amount was found in the root tissue. ALA also improved the photosynthetic performance of salt-stressed apical leaves by stimulating stomatal opening and preventing an increase in the ratio between abscisic acid (ABA) and indol-3-acetic acid (IAA), without affecting leaf methanol emission and plant growth. Supply of ALA to the roots reduced isoprene fluxes from leaves of non-stressed plants, while it sustained isoprene fluxes along the profile of salt-stressed A. donax. Thus, ALA likely interacted with the methylerythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway and modulate the synthesis of either ABA or isoprene under stressful conditions. Overall, our study highlights the effectiveness of ALA supply through soil fertirrigation in preserving the young apical developing leaves from the detrimental effects of salt stress, thus helping of A. donax to cope with salinity and favoring the recovery of the whole plant once the stress is removed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Brilli
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protectio, National Research Council of Italy (IPSP-CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (S.P.); (S.P.); (F.L.); (C.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-05-5522-5590; Fax: +39-05-5522-5666
| | - Sara Pignattelli
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protectio, National Research Council of Italy (IPSP-CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (S.P.); (S.P.); (F.L.); (C.C.)
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council of Italy (IBBR-CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Rita Baraldi
- Institute for BioEconomy, National Research Council of Italy (IBE-CNR), Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy; (R.B.); (L.N.)
| | - Luisa Neri
- Institute for BioEconomy, National Research Council of Italy (IBE-CNR), Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy; (R.B.); (L.N.)
| | - Susanna Pollastri
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protectio, National Research Council of Italy (IPSP-CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (S.P.); (S.P.); (F.L.); (C.C.)
| | - Cristina Gonnelli
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Micheli 1, 50121 Firenze, Italy;
| | - Alessio Giovannelli
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council of Italy (IRET-CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 5001 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy;
| | - Francesco Loreto
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protectio, National Research Council of Italy (IPSP-CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (S.P.); (S.P.); (F.L.); (C.C.)
- Department of Biology, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Cinthia 7, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Claudia Cocozza
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protectio, National Research Council of Italy (IPSP-CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (S.P.); (S.P.); (F.L.); (C.C.)
- Department of Agriculture Food Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, Via San Bon-Aventura 13, 50145 Firenze, Italy
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Lu T, Song Y, Yu H, Li Q, Xu J, Qin Y, Zhang G, Liu Y, Jiang W. Cold Stress Resistance of Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum) Seedlings Is Enhanced by Light Supplementation From Underneath the Canopy. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:831314. [PMID: 35498645 PMCID: PMC9039533 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.831314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Adverse environmental conditions, such as low temperature (LT), greatly limit the growth and production of tomato. Recently, light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with specific spectra have been increasingly used in horticultural production facilities. The chosen spectrum can affect plant growth, development, and resistance, but the physiological regulatory mechanisms are largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of LED light supplementation (W:B = 2:1, light intensity of 100 μmol⋅m-2⋅s-1, for 4 h/day from 9:00 to 13:00) from above and below the canopy on tomato resistance under sub-LT stress (15/8°C). The results showed that supplemental lighting from underneath the canopy (USL) promoted the growth of tomato seedlings, as the plant height, stem diameter, root activity, and plant biomass were significantly higher than those under LT. The activity of the photochemical reaction center was enhanced because of the increase in the maximal photochemical efficiency (F v /F m ) and photochemical quenching (qP), which distributed more photosynthetic energy to the photochemical reactions and promoted photosynthetic performance [the maximum net photosynthetic rate (Pmax) was improved]. USL also advanced the degree of stomatal opening, thus facilitating carbon assimilation under LT. Additionally, the relative conductivity (RC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were decreased, while the soluble protein content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were increased with the application of USL under LT, thereby causing a reduction in membrane lipid peroxidation and alleviation of stress damage. These results suggest that light supplementation from underneath the canopy improves the cold resistance of tomato seedlings mainly by alleviating the degree of photoinhibition on photosystems, improving the activity of the photochemical reaction center, and enhancing the activities of antioxidant enzymes, thereby promoting the growth and stress resistance of tomato plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Lu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yangfan Song
- College of Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Ürümqi, China
- Natural Resources Bureau of Hutubi County in Xinjiang Province, Changji, China
| | - Hongjun Yu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingcheng Xu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Taizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taizhou, China
| | - Yong Qin
- College of Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Guanhua Zhang
- Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Comprehensive Inspection and Testing Center of Chifeng, Chifeng, China
| | - Yuhong Liu
- Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences Vegetable Research Institute, Lhasa, China
| | - Weijie Jiang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Helaly MN, El-Hoseiny HM, Elsheery NI, Kalaji HM, de los Santos-Villalobos S, Wróbel J, Hassan IF, Gaballah MS, Abdelrhman LA, Mira AM, Alam-Eldein SM. 5-Aminolevulinic Acid and 24-Epibrassinolide Improve the Drought Stress Resilience and Productivity of Banana Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:743. [PMID: 35336624 PMCID: PMC8949027 DOI: 10.3390/plants11060743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth, development, and productivity are adversely affected under drought conditions. Previous findings indicated that 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and 24-epibrassinolide (EBL) play an important role in the plant response to adverse environmental conditions. This study demonstrated the role of ALA and EBL on oxidative stress and photosynthetic capacity of drought-stressed 'Williams' banana grown under the Egyptian semi-arid conditions. Exogenous application of either ALA or EBL at concentrations of 15, 30, and 45 mg·L-1 significantly restored plant photosynthetic activity and increased productivity under reduced irrigation; this was equivalent to 75% of the plant's total water requirements. Both compounds significantly reduced drought-induced oxidative damages by increasing antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase 'SOD', catalase 'CAT', and peroxidase 'POD') and preserving chloroplast structure. Lipid peroxidation, electrolyte loss and free non-radical H2O2 formation in the chloroplast were noticeably reduced compared to the control, but chlorophyll content and photosynthetic oxygen evolution were increased. Nutrient uptake, auxin and cytokinin levels were also improved with the reduced abscisic acid levels. The results indicated that ALA and EBL could reduce the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and maintain the stability of the chloroplast membrane structure under drought stress. This study suggests that the use of ALA or EBL at 30 mg·L-1 can promote the growth, productivity and fruit quality of drought-stressed banana plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed N. Helaly
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;
| | - Hanan M. El-Hoseiny
- Horticulture Department, Faculty of Desert and Environmental Agriculture, Matrouh University, Fouka 51511, Egypt;
| | - Nabil I. Elsheery
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt;
| | - Hazem M. Kalaji
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences SGGW, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; or
- Institute of Technology and Life Sciences, National Research Institute, Falenty, Al.Hrabska 3, 05-090 Pruszków, Poland
| | | | - Jacek Wróbel
- Department of Bioengineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology, 71-434 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Islam F. Hassan
- Water Relations and Field Irrigation Department, Agricultural and Biological Research Institute, National Research Center, Giza 12622, Egypt; (I.F.H.); (M.S.G.)
| | - Maybelle S. Gaballah
- Water Relations and Field Irrigation Department, Agricultural and Biological Research Institute, National Research Center, Giza 12622, Egypt; (I.F.H.); (M.S.G.)
| | - Lamyaa A. Abdelrhman
- Soil, Water and Environment Research Institute (SWERI), Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12619, Egypt;
| | - Amany M. Mira
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt;
| | - Shamel M. Alam-Eldein
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt;
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Noor J, Ullah A, Saleem MH, Tariq A, Ullah S, Waheed A, Okla MK, Al-Hashimi A, Chen Y, Ahmed Z, Ahmad I. Effect of Jasmonic Acid Foliar Spray on the Morpho-Physiological Mechanism of Salt Stress Tolerance in Two Soybean Varieties ( Glycine max L.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11050651. [PMID: 35270123 PMCID: PMC8931774 DOI: 10.3390/plants11050651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonates (JAs) are lipid-derived compounds that function in plants as key signaling compounds during stressful conditions. This study aimed to examine the effects of exogenous fo-liar-JA application (100 μmol L-1) on the morpho-physiological response of two soybean varieties (parachinar-local and swat-84) grown under different NaCl regimes (0, 40, 80, and 120 mM). Results show that exogenous JA application alone and in combination with salt stress altered the growth and metabolism of both soybeans. For instance, they accumulated significant amounts of Na+ and Cl-, while their K+, Mg2+, Fe2+, Mn2+, B3+, and P3+ contents were low. Further, photosynthetic pigments Chl a and Chl b increased at low concentrations of salt and exogenous JA. Car decreased under both salt and exogenous JA as compared with untreated control. In addition, sugar, phenol, and protein content increased under both salt and exogenous JA application. In contrast, the exogenous JA application alleviated the negative impact of salt stress on the growth and metabolism of both soybeans. Further, the high concentrations of soluble protein and phenol in the leaves of both soybeans may contribute to their ability to adapt to salinity. However, molecular studies are necessary to understand the ameliorative role of exogenous JA in the growth and metabolism of salt-treated young seedlings in both soybean varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javaria Noor
- Department of Botany, Islamia College University, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan;
| | - Abd Ullah
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Desert Plant Roots Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; (A.W.); (Z.A.)
- Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele 848300, China
| | - Muhammad Hamzah Saleem
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Akash Tariq
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Desert Plant Roots Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; (A.W.); (Z.A.)
- Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele 848300, China
| | - Sami Ullah
- Department of Botany, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan;
| | - Abdul Waheed
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; (A.W.); (Z.A.)
| | - Mohammad K. Okla
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.K.O.); (A.A.-H.)
| | - Abdulrahman Al-Hashimi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.K.O.); (A.A.-H.)
| | - Yinglong Chen
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia;
| | - Zeeshan Ahmed
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; (A.W.); (Z.A.)
- Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele 848300, China
| | - Izhar Ahmad
- Department of Botany, Islamia College University, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan;
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Ahmed EA, Farrag AA, Kheder AA, Shaaban A. Effect of Phytoplasma Associated with Sesame Phyllody on Ultrastructural Modification, Physio-Biochemical Traits, Productivity and Oil Quality. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11040477. [PMID: 35214810 PMCID: PMC8879811 DOI: 10.3390/plants11040477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Phytoplasmas are obligate cell-wall-less plant pathogenic bacteria that infect many economically important crops, causing considerable yield losses worldwide. Very little information is known about phytoplasma–host plant interaction mechanisms and their influence on sesame yield and oil quality. Therefore, our aim was to explore the ultrastructural and agro-physio-biochemical responses of sesame plants and their effects on sesame productivity and oil quality in response to phytoplasma infection. Sesame leaf samples exhibiting phyllody symptoms were collected from three experimental fields during the 2021 growing season. Phytoplasma was successfully detected by nested- polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays using the universal primer pairs P1/P7 and R16F2n/R16R2, and the product of approximately 1200 bp was amplified. The amplified product of 16S rRNA was sequenced and compared with other available phytoplasma’s 16S rRNA in the GenBank database. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that our Egyptian isolate under accession number MW945416 is closely related to the 16SrII group and showed close (99.7%) identity with MH011394 and L33765.1, which were isolated from Egypt and the USA, respectively. The microscopic examination of phytoplasma-infected plants revealed an observable deterioration in tissue and cell ultrastructure. The primary and secondary metabolites considerably increased in infected plants compared with healthy ones. Moreover, phytoplasma-infected plants showed drastically reduced water content, chlorophyll content, growth, and yield components, resulting in 37.9% and 42.5% reductions in seed and oil yield, respectively. The peroxide value of the infected plant’s oil was 43.2% higher than that of healthy ones, suggesting a short shelf-life. Our findings will provide a better understanding of the phyllody disease pathosystem, helping us to develop effective strategies for overcoming such diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman A. Ahmed
- Virus and Phytoplasma Research Department, Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12619, Egypt; (E.A.A.); (A.A.F.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Amro A. Farrag
- Virus and Phytoplasma Research Department, Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12619, Egypt; (E.A.A.); (A.A.F.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Ahmed A. Kheder
- Virus and Phytoplasma Research Department, Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12619, Egypt; (E.A.A.); (A.A.F.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Ahmed Shaaban
- Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt
- Correspondence:
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Tan S, Cao J, Xia X, Li Z. Advances in 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Priming to Enhance Plant Tolerance to Abiotic Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020702. [PMID: 35054887 PMCID: PMC8775977 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Priming is an adaptive strategy that improves plant defenses against biotic and abiotic stresses. Stimuli from chemicals, abiotic cues, and pathogens can trigger the establishment of priming state. Priming with 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), a potential plant growth regulator, can enhance plant tolerance to the subsequent abiotic stresses, including salinity, drought, heat, cold, and UV-B. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the remarkable effects of ALA priming on plant physiology remain to be elucidated. Here, we summarize recent progress made in the stress tolerance conferred by ALA priming in plants and provide the underlying molecular and physiology mechanisms of this phenomenon. Priming with ALA results in changes at the physiological, transcriptional, metabolic, and epigenetic levels, and enhances photosynthesis and antioxidant capacity, as well as nitrogen assimilation, which in turn increases the resistance of abiotic stresses. However, the signaling pathway of ALA, including receptors as well as key components, is currently unknown, which hinders the deeper understanding of the defense priming caused by ALA. In the future, there is an urgent need to reveal the molecular mechanisms by which ALA regulates plant development and enhances plant defense with the help of forward genetics, multi-omics technologies, as well as genome editing technology.
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LI X, LI J, ISLAM F, NAJEEB U, PAN J, HOU Z, SHOU J, QIN Y, XU L. 5-Aminolevulinic acid could enhance the salinity tolerance by alleviating oxidative damages in Salvia miltiorrhiza. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.103121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin LI
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jianyao SHOU
- Zhuji Municipal Agro-Tech Extension Center, China
| | - Yebo QIN
- Zhejiang Agricultural Technology Extension Center, China
| | - Ling XU
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, China
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Tsai TH, Lin JY, Ng IS. Cooperation of phytoene synthase, pyridoxal kinase and carbonic anhydrase for enhancing carotenoids biosynthesis in genetic Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2021.104184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Azri W, Jardak R, Cosette P, Guillou C, Riahi J, Mliki A. Physiological and proteomic analyses of Tunisian local grapevine (Vitis vinifera) cultivar Razegui in response to drought stress. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2021; 49:25-39. [PMID: 34794542 DOI: 10.1071/fp21026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Drought is one of the major environmental constraints threatening viticulture worldwide. Therefore, it is critical to reveal the molecular mechanisms underlying grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) drought stress tolerance useful to select new species with higher tolerance/resilience potentials. Drought-tolerant Tunisian local grapevine cultivar Razegui was exposed to water deficit for 16days. Subsequent proteomic analysis revealed 49 differentially accumulated proteins in leaves harvested on the drought-stressed vines. These proteins were mainly involved in photosynthesis, stress defence, energy and carbohydrate metabolism, protein synthesis/turnover and amino acid metabolism. Physiological analysis revealed that reduction of photosynthesis under drought stress was attributed to the downregulation of the light-dependent reactions, Calvin cycle and key enzymes of the photorespiration pathway. The accumulation of proteins involved in energy and carbohydrate metabolism indicate enhanced need of energy during active stress acclimation. Accumulation of protein amino acids seems to play a protective role under drought stress due to their osmoprotectant and ROS scavenging potential. Reduced protein synthesis and turnover help plants preserving energy to fight drought stress. Proteins related to stress defence might scavenge ROS and transmit the ROS signal as an oxidative signal transducer in drought-stress signalling. All of these original results represent valuable information towards improving drought tolerance of grapevine and promoting sustainable viticulture under climate change conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wassim Azri
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, P.O. Box 901, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Rahma Jardak
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, P.O. Box 901, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Pascal Cosette
- Laboratory of Polymers Biopolymers Surfaces, UMR 6270 CNRS, University of Rouen, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France; and Proteomic Platform PISSARO, University of Rouen, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aigan, France
| | - Clément Guillou
- Laboratory of Polymers Biopolymers Surfaces, UMR 6270 CNRS, University of Rouen, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France; and Proteomic Platform PISSARO, University of Rouen, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aigan, France
| | - Jawaher Riahi
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, P.O. Box 901, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Ahmed Mliki
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, P.O. Box 901, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
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From Lab to Farm: Elucidating the Beneficial Roles of Photosynthetic Bacteria in Sustainable Agriculture. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9122453. [PMID: 34946055 PMCID: PMC8707939 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9122453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosynthetic bacteria (PSB) possess versatile metabolic abilities and are widely applied in environmental bioremediation, bioenergy production and agriculture. In this review, we summarize examples of purple non-sulfur bacteria (PNSB) through biofertilization, biostimulation and biocontrol mechanisms to promote plant growth. They include improvement of nutrient acquisition, production of phytohormones, induction of immune system responses, interaction with resident microbial community. It has also been reported that PNSB can produce an endogenous 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) to alleviate abiotic stress in plants. Under biotic stress, these bacteria can trigger induced systemic resistance (ISR) of plants against pathogens. The nutrient elements in soil are significantly increased by PNSB inoculation, thus improving fertility. We share experiences of researching and developing an elite PNSB inoculant (Rhodopseudomonas palustris PS3), including strategies for screening and verifying beneficial bacteria as well as the establishment of optimal fermentation and formulation processes for commercialization. The effectiveness of PS3 inoculants for various crops under field conditions, including conventional and organic farming, is presented. We also discuss the underlying plant growth-promoting mechanisms of this bacterium from both microbial and plant viewpoints. This review improves our understanding of the application of PNSB in sustainable crop production and could inspire the development of diverse inoculants to overcome the changes in agricultural environments created by climate change.
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Supplemental Selenium and Boron Mitigate Salt-Induced Oxidative Damages in Glycine max L. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10102224. [PMID: 34686033 PMCID: PMC8539870 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The present investigation was executed with an aim to evaluate the role of exogenous selenium (Se) and boron (B) in mitigating different levels of salt stress by enhancing the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, antioxidant defense and glyoxalase systems in soybean. Plants were treated with 0, 150, 300 and 450 mM NaCl at 20 days after sowing (DAS). Foliar application of Se (50 µM Na2SeO4) and B (1 mM H3BO3) was accomplished individually and in combined (Se+B) at three-day intervals, at 16, 20, 24 and 28 DAS under non-saline and saline conditions. Salt stress adversely affected the growth parameters. In salt-treated plants, proline content and oxidative stress indicators such as malondialdehyde (MDA) content and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content were increased with the increment of salt concentration but the relative water content decreased. Due to salt stress catalase (CAT), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), glyoxalase I (Gly I) and glyoxalase II (Gly II) activity decreased. However, the activity of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and peroxidase (POD) increased under salt stress. On the contrary, supplementation of Se, B and Se+B enhanced the activities of APX, MDHAR, DHAR, GR, CAT, GPX, GST, POD, Gly I and Gly II which consequently diminished the H2O2 content and MDA content under salt stress, and also improved the growth parameters. The results reflected that exogenous Se, B and Se+B enhanced the enzymatic activity of the antioxidant defense system as well as the glyoxalase systems under different levels of salt stress, ultimately alleviated the salt-induced oxidative stress, among them Se+B was more effective than a single treatment.
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Han X, Yang Y. Phospholipids in Salt Stress Response. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10102204. [PMID: 34686013 PMCID: PMC8540237 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
High salinity threatens crop production by harming plants and interfering with their development. Plant cells respond to salt stress in various ways, all of which involve multiple components such as proteins, peptides, lipids, sugars, and phytohormones. Phospholipids, important components of bio-membranes, are small amphoteric molecular compounds. These have attracted significant attention in recent years due to the regulatory effect they have on cellular activity. Over the past few decades, genetic and biochemical analyses have partly revealed that phospholipids regulate salt stress response by participating in salt stress signal transduction. In this review, we summarize the generation and metabolism of phospholipid phosphatidic acid (PA), phosphoinositides (PIs), phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylglycerol (PG), as well as the regulatory role each phospholipid plays in the salt stress response. We also discuss the possible regulatory role based on how they act during other cellular activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Han
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China;
| | - Yongqing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-10-62732030
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Yi YC, Shih IT, Yu TH, Lee YJ, Ng IS. Challenges and opportunities of bioprocessing 5-aminolevulinic acid using genetic and metabolic engineering: a critical review. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2021; 8:100. [PMID: 38650260 PMCID: PMC10991938 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-021-00455-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), a non-proteinogenic five-carbon amino acid, has received intensive attentions in medicine due to its approval by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for cancer diagnosis and treatment as photodynamic therapy. As chemical synthesis of 5-ALA performed low yield, complicated processes, and high cost, biosynthesis of 5-ALA via C4 (also called Shemin pathway) and C5 pathway related to heme biosynthesis in microorganism equipped more advantages. In C4 pathway, 5-ALA is derived from condensation of succinyl-CoA and glycine by 5-aminolevulic acid synthase (ALAS) with pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) as co-factor in one-step biotransformation. The C5 pathway involves three enzymes comprising glutamyl-tRNA synthetase (GltX), glutamyl-tRNA reductase (HemA), and glutamate-1-semialdehyde aminotransferase (HemL) from α-ketoglutarate in TCA cycle to 5-ALA and heme. In this review, we describe the recent results of 5-ALA production from different genes and microorganisms via genetic and metabolic engineering approaches. The regulation of different chassis is fine-tuned by applying synthetic biology and boosts 5-ALA production eventually. The purification process, challenges, and opportunities of 5-ALA for industrial applications are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chen Yi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - I-Tai Shih
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hsuan Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ju Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - I-Son Ng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan.
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Wang H, Liu Z, Luo S, Li J, Zhang J, Li L, Xie J. 5-Aminolevulinic acid and hydrogen sulphide alleviate chilling stress in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) seedlings by enhancing chlorophyll synthesis pathway. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 167:567-576. [PMID: 34455225 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
5- Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) as a precursor in chlorophyll (Chl) synthesis and hydrogen sulphide (H2S) as a gas signalling molecules can alleviate various abiotic stresses by enhancing photosynthesis. However, little is known about their mechanisms ameliorating photosynthesis under chilling stress, or interactions of ALA and H2S in Chl synthesis. In this study, we explored the effects of exogenous ALA and H2S on chilling stress-induced photosynthesis damage in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) seedlings. Chilling inhibited the photosynthetic capacity of pepper seedlings, ALA or H2S treatment alone could alleviate this inhibition, and ALA + H2S treatment was even more effective for improving photosynthetic capacity. Additionally, levels of Chl synthesis pathway substances including endogenous ALA, protoporphyrin IX (Proto IX), Mg-protoporphyrin (Mg-Proto IX), protochlorophyllide (Pchl) and Chl (Chl a and Chl b) were significantly decreased, and chilling down-regulated upstream genes HEMA1, HEMB, FAR1, FHY3, CHLH, HEME1, HEMF and PORA. ALA + H2S treatment significantly increased levels of Chl and upstream substances, and up-regulated expression of HEMA1, HEMB and FAR1. In conclusion, exogenous ALA and H2S enhanced chlorophyll synthesis pathway, and thus improved the photosynthesis of pepper seedlings under chilling stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiping Wang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeci Liu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Shilei Luo
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Lushan Li
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianming Xie
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China.
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Alleviation of Lead Stress on Sage Plant by 5-Aminolevulinic Acid (ALA). PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10091969. [PMID: 34579503 PMCID: PMC8466212 DOI: 10.3390/plants10091969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is imparted by a varying range of environmental factors involving heavy metal stress. Thus, the mechanisms of antioxidant resistance may advance a policy to improve metal tolerance. Lead as a toxic heavy metal negatively affects the metabolic activities and growth of medicinal and aromatic plants. This investigation aimed to assess the function of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) in the alleviation of Pb stress in sage plants (Salvia officinalis L.) grown either hydroponically or in pots. Various concentrations of Pb (0, 100, 200, and 400 µM) and different concentrations of ALA (0, 10, and 20 mg L-1) were tested. This investigation showed that Pb altered the physiological parameters. Pb stress differentially reduced germination percentage and protein content compared to control plants. However, lead stress promoted malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2 contents in the treated plants. Also, lead stress enhanced the anti-oxidative enzyme activities; ascorbate peroxidase superoxide, dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase in Salvia plants. ALA application enhanced the germination percentage and protein content compared to their corresponding controls. Whereas, under ALA application MDA and H2O2 contents, as well as the activities of SOD, APX, GPX, and GR, were lowered. These findings suggest that ALA at the 20 mgL-1 level protects the Salvia plant from Pb stress. Therefore, the results recommend ALA application to alleviate Pb stress.
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