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Safiri S, Mousavi SE, Nejadghaderi SA, Noori M, Sullman MJM, Kolahi AA, Shekarriz-Foumani R. The burden of major depressive disorder in the Middle East and North Africa region, 1990-2019. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2024; 36:139-152. [PMID: 37690795 DOI: 10.1017/neu.2023.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the leading causes of disability. We aimed to report the MDD-attributable prevalence, incidence and years lived with disability (YLDs) in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region from 1990 to 2019 by age, sex and socio-demographic index (SDI). METHODS Publicly available data on the burden of MDD were retrieved from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study 2019 for the 21 countries in MENA. The counts and age-standardised rates (per 100,000) were presented, along with their corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals. RESULTS In 2019, MDD had an age-standardised point prevalence of 3322.1 and an incidence rate of 4921.7 per 100,000 population in MENA. Furthermore, there were 4.1 million YLDs in 2019. However, there were no substantial changes in the MDD burden over the period 1990-2019. In 2019, Palestine had the highest burden of MDD. The highest prevalence, incidence and YLDs attributable to MDD were found in the 35-39 age group. In 2019, the YLD rate in MENA was higher than the global rate for almost all age groups. Furthermore, there was a broadly negative association between the YLD rate and SDI. CONCLUSION The study highlights the need to prevent the disorder using a multidisciplinary approach and for the provision of cost-effective treatments for those affected, in order to increase their quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Safiri
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Tabriz Valiasr Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Seyed Ehsan Mousavi
- Neurosciences Research Center, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Seyed Aria Nejadghaderi
- Neurosciences Research Center, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Noori
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mark J M Sullman
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Department of Social Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Ali-Asghar Kolahi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Shekarriz-Foumani
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Xie H, Cong S, Wang R, Sun X, Han J, Ni S, Zhang A. Effect of eHealth interventions on perinatal depression: A meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2024; 354:160-172. [PMID: 38490593 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perinatal depression (PND) is a common mental health problem, and eHealth interventions may provide a strategy for alleviating PND. AIM This meta-analysis aimed to determine the effect of eHealth interventions on PND. METHODS Six databases were searched to retrieve published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the effect of eHealth interventions on PND. A meta-analysis was performed on the data of these studies using a random effects model. RESULTS A total of 21 RCTs were included in the meta-analysis, which revealed that eHealth interventions significantly reduced antenatal depression (WMD = -1.64, 95 % CI [-2.92, -0.35], P = .013), postpartum depression (SMD = -0.41, 95 % CI [-0.52, -0.29], P < .001), anxiety (SMD = -0.39, 95 % CI [-0.51, -0.28], P < .001), stress (WMD = -2.93, 95 % CI [-4.58, -1.27], P = .001), and improved self-efficacy (SMD = 0.42, 95 % CI [0.21, 0.63], P < .001) compared with the control group. However, eHealth interventions did not significantly improve social support (SMD = 0.27, 95 % CI [-0.01, 0.56], P = .058). For antenatal depression, significant subgroup differences were observed in the digital platform and material presentation format. In addition, for postpartum depression, significant subgroup differences were found in the type of therapy. CONCLUSIONS The meta-analysis results suggest that eHealth interventions can relieve depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms and improve self-efficacy in perinatal women. However, these interventions did not improve social support. Additional high-quality studies on eHealth interventions in PND are needed to validate these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Xie
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shengnan Cong
- Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Central South University Xiangya School of Nursing, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoqing Sun
- Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingjing Han
- School of Nursing, Suzhou University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shiqian Ni
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Aixia Zhang
- Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital, Jiangsu, China.
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Aydin N, Plewe MC, Mahr LAM, Kleber J. Ill, but Still Attractive? The Impact of Mental Illness on Attractiveness Perceptions and Social Judgment. Behav Sci (Basel) 2024; 14:406. [PMID: 38785897 PMCID: PMC11117790 DOI: 10.3390/bs14050406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In line with the "beautiful-is-good" heuristic, numerous studies show that physically attractive individuals are perceived in a more positive light. However, building on previous findings suggesting that the "beauty-good" relationship is bidirectional, the present research investigates how information on a stigmatized attribute impacts attractiveness perceptions and social judgments. Within a controlled experimental design, we present evidence that the mere label of mental illness (i.e., schizophrenia) decreased the positivity of personality evaluations and perceived attractiveness of a male target that had previously been validated to be highly attractive. Consistent with the "good-is-beautiful" heuristic, a mental illness label led to decreased perceptions of attractiveness, which was mediated by the inference of less positive personality characteristics. This finding lends further support for the bidirectional nature of the "beauty-good" relationship and provides a valuable avenue for future research on the multifaceted ways in which the stigma of mental illness affects social perceptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilüfer Aydin
- Institute of Psychology, University of Klagenfurt, 9020 Klagenfurt am Wörthersee, Austria; (M.C.P.); (L.A.M.M.); (J.K.)
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Bryde Christensen AB, Dyrloev K, Hoej M, Poulsen S, Reinholt N, Arnfred S. "The Depressed" and "People with Anxiety" therapists' discursive representations of patients with depression and anxiety in Danish Psychiatry. Health (London) 2024; 28:390-411. [PMID: 37191112 DOI: 10.1177/13634593231173802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Stigmatization within mental health care has previously been identified, and some diagnoses have been shown to be particularly exposed to negative attitudes and stigma. However, no previous studies have explored practitioners' discursive construction of patients with different diagnoses within a transdiagnostic group context. We performed discourse analysis on 12 interviews with Danish mental health practitioners, who had been conducting either transdiagnostic psychotherapy (The Unified Protocol) or standard group cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) with patients treated for anxiety disorders or major depressive disorder. The purpose of this study was to identify how patients with anxiety and depression were represented by therapists. We identified a "training discourse," within which patients were evaluated through perceived motivation, responsibility, active participation, and progression. We argue that this training discourse can be related to a broader neoliberal order of discourse valuing efficiency and agency. The analysis indicated that patients with anxiety were sometimes "favorized" over patients with depression, and it is argued that the neoliberal order of discourse and pre-assumptions related to the diagnoses are contributing to this. The interviews indicate that multiple discourses were applied when describing patients, and ambivalence was often detectable. We discuss the findings of the analysis in relation to therapists' general critical attitudes toward the psychiatric system and in relation to broader societal tendencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Bryde Bryde Christensen
- Center for Eating and Feeding Disorders Research, Capital Region of Denmark & Mental Health Services Region Zealand, Denmark
| | | | - Michaela Hoej
- Capital Region of Denmark Mental Health Services, Denmark
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5
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Baheretibeb Y, Wondimagegn D, Law S. "Trust in God, but tie your donkey": Holy water priest healers' views on collaboration with biomedical mental health services in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Transcult Psychiatry 2024; 61:246-259. [PMID: 38314780 PMCID: PMC10943614 DOI: 10.1177/13634615241227681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
This exploratory qualitative study examines holy water priest healers' explanatory models and general treatment approaches toward mental illness, and their views and reflections on a collaborative project between them and biomedical practitioners. The study took place at two holy water treatment sites in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Twelve semi-structured interviews with holy water priest healers found eight notable themes: they held multiple explanatory models of illness, dominated by religious and spiritual understanding; they emphasized spiritual healing and empathic understanding in treatment, and also embraced biomedicine as part of an eclectic healing model; they perceived biomedical practitioners' humility and respect as key to their positive views on the collaboration; they valued recognition of their current role and contribution in providing mental healthcare; they recognized and appreciated the biomedical clinic's effectiveness in treating violent and aggressive patients; they endorsed the collaboration and helped to overcome patient and family reluctance to the use of biomedicine; they lamented the lack of spiritual healing in biomedical treatment; and they had a number of dissatisfactions and concerns, particularly the one-way referral from religious healers to the biomedical clinic. The study results show diversity in the religious healers' etiological understanding, treatment approaches and generally positive attitude and views on the collaboration. We present insights and explorations of factors affecting this rare, but much needed collaboration between traditional healers and biomedical services, and potential ways to improve it are discussed.
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Prizeman K, McCabe C, Weinstein N. Stigma and its impact on disclosure and mental health secrecy in young people with clinical depression symptoms: A qualitative analysis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296221. [PMID: 38180968 PMCID: PMC10769096 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical depression ranks as a leading cause of disease and disability in young people worldwide, but it is widely stigmatized. The aim of this qualitative research was to gather young people's experiences of depression stigma and its impact on loneliness, social isolation, and mental health disclosure and secrecy. This novel information can then be used to guide psychosocial interventions for young people with depression. METHODS This qualitative study included N = 28 young people aged 18-25 years (Mage = 21.30). Participants were recruited from the community who had high symptoms of depression (assessed through a pre-screen using the Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (MFQ) with a benchmark score > 27) or had been recently diagnosed with depression by a medical professional. Semi-structured interviews were based on conceptual model drawings created by participants and analyzed using thematic analysis. RESULTS Four main themes emerged: 1) Depression secrecy: positive and negative aspects; 2) Depression disclosure: positive and negative aspects; 3) The solution is selective disclosure; and 4) Participants' recommendations do not align with personal preferences. In particular, the young people described non-disclosure as a way to be in control, but that secrecy prevented authentic engagement with others. Young people also described disclosure as eliciting more stigma but as necessary to gain help. Finally, the young people described struggling with knowing how much to disclose in relation to their mental health and with whom they could disclose. CONCLUSIONS This study provides new evidence of how young people with depression experience stigma and its effects on disclosure and mental health secrecy. Knowing how young people struggle with these issues can allow us to develop interventions to encourage them to come forward and discuss their mental health in order to receive appropriate support and treatment. We recommend young people be signposted and have access to mental health champions or nominated teachers in their schools or universities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Prizeman
- Department of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Ciara McCabe
- Department of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Netta Weinstein
- Department of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
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Al Omari O, Valsaraj BP, Khatatbeh M, Al-Jubouri MB, Emam M, Al Hashmi I, Al Qadire M, Aljezawi M, ALBashtawy M, Alkhawaldeh A, Hasona AA, Tarhini Z, Damra J, Al Sabei S, Mohamed N. Self and public stigma towards mental illnesses and its predictors among university students in 11 Arabic-speaking countries: A multi-site study. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2023; 32:1745-1755. [PMID: 37614016 DOI: 10.1111/inm.13206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore self and public stigma towards mental illness and associated factors among university students from 11 Arabic-speaking countries. This cross-sectional study included 4241 university students recruited from Oman, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Syria, Sudan, Bahrain, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine and Egypt. The participants completed three self-administrative online questionnaires-Demographic Proforma (age, gender, family income, etc.), Peer Mental Health Stigmatization Scale and Mental Health Knowledge Questionnaire. There was a significant difference in the average mean between the 11 countries (p < 0.01) based on stigma agreement (self) and stigma awareness (public). The mean stigma agreement towards mental illnesses among university students was 19.7 (SD = 6.0), with the lowest in Lebanon, 15.9 (SD = 5.1) and the highest in UAE, 24.1 (SD = 5.6). The factors associated with stigma agreement included poor knowledge, being male, high family income, age, weak cumulative grade point average (cGPA), mothers with primary education, an unemployed parent, students in scientific colleges and fathers who completed secondary or university degrees. Furthermore, the factors associated with stigma awareness included good knowledge, acceptable cGPA and having a father who has a low income and is illiterate. Stigma towards mental illness varies among university students across Arabic-speaking countries. There is a need to sensitize youngsters to the need for a humanitarian approach in society to individuals affected by mental health concerns. Major governmental reforms must be initiated for the provision of mental health services for individuals with mental illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Al Omari
- College of Nursing, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | | | - Moawiah Khatatbeh
- School of Health and Environmental Studies, Hamdan Bin Mohammad Smart University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | | | - Mahmoud Emam
- Psychology Department, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Iman Al Hashmi
- College of Nursing, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Mohammad Al Qadire
- College of Nursing, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
- Princess Salma Faculty of Nursing, Al Al-Bayt University, Mafraq, Jordan
| | - Maen Aljezawi
- College of Nursing, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
- Princess Salma Faculty of Nursing, Al Al-Bayt University, Mafraq, Jordan
| | | | | | | | - Zeinab Tarhini
- CAPTuR Laboratory, Control of Cell Activation in Tumor Progression and Therapeutic Resistance, Limoges, France
- Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, GEIST, Limoges, France
| | - Jalal Damra
- Educational Psychology and Counseling Department, Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Sulaiman Al Sabei
- College of Nursing, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Nora Mohamed
- Department of Educational Psychology, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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8
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Ali T, Deshmukh S, Kumar S, Chaudhury S, Verma PK, Kelkar P. Assessment of supernatural attitude toward mental health among tribal and non-tribal populations. Ind Psychiatry J 2023; 32:S174-S178. [PMID: 38370964 PMCID: PMC10871431 DOI: 10.4103/ipj.ipj_237_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background In India, only about 10% of persons with psychiatric illnesses receive evidence-based treatments. Stigma, mistrust in allopathic medicine, allegiance toward faith healers, cultural and traditional practices, and beliefs are some of the major hindrances to the treatment of mentally ill patients. Aim To assess supernatural attitudes toward mental health among tribal and non-tribal populations. Materials and Methods A total of 100 subjects were included in the study after informed consent, 50 of whom were tribal and 50 non-tribal. All were required to fill a self-constructed proforma, the Supernatural Attitude Questionnaire (SAQ), and the Attitudes Toward Seeking Professional Psychological Help Scale-Short Form (ATSPPH-SF). The scales were scored, compiled, and statistically analyzed. Results The tribal and non-tribal subjects were well-matched on socio-demographic variables. The score of SAQ was significantly higher in the tribal group as compared to the non-tribal group. On the ATSPPH-SF, the scores of the two groups were not significant. Conclusion Even though the tribal populations of India hold a higher supernatural attitude toward mental illnesses as compared to the non-tribal populations, their treatment-seeking attitude remains unaffected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahoora Ali
- Department of Psychiatry, Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, Mahashtra, India
| | - Shilpa Deshmukh
- Department of Anesthesiology, Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, Mahashtra, India
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Department of Psychiatry, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Suprakash Chaudhury
- Department of Psychiatry, Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, Mahashtra, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar Verma
- Department of Psychiatric Social Work, Ranchi Institute of Neuropsychiatry and Allied Sciences, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Parisha Kelkar
- Department of Psychiatry, Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, Mahashtra, India
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Bazzari AH, Bazzari FH. Assessing Stigma towards Mental Illness in Relation to Demographics Attitudes and Past Experiences among Pharmacy Students in a Jordanian University Sample. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:884. [PMID: 37998631 PMCID: PMC10669770 DOI: 10.3390/bs13110884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Stigma towards mental illness poses a significant risk for negative mental health outcomes. Efforts have been undertaken to mitigate self-stigma and stigmatizing behaviors among the public; however, few have considered stigma among healthcare providers, including pharmacists. This study aimed to assess the level of stigma towards mental illness, using the 15-item version of the Opening Minds Scale for Health Care Providers (OMS-HC), and associated factors among pharmacy students and was conducted via a printed questionnaire. A total of 125 students participated and the mean total stigma score was 47.9 with 58.4% of the participants scoring above 45, the midpoint of the possible range of scores. The stigma score was independent of participant demographics, except for grade point average. Higher total stigma scores were observed among subjects who have been prescribed a neuropsychiatric drug before, those who believe that pharmacists should have a role in mental healthcare, those who believe that pharmacists are qualified enough to provide mental health support, and those who are willing to seek help from a pharmacist. The results indicate an overall high stigma score among pharmacy students, which highlights the importance of enhancing pharmacy students' awareness and knowledge regarding mental healthcare through incorporating additional courses and/or training programs in pharmacy education curricula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjad H. Bazzari
- Department of Basic Scientific Sciences, Faculty of Arts & Sciences, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan
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10
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Ferrara P, Ruta F, D'Agostino A, Destrebecq A, Terzoni S. Impact of a single webinar intervention on attitudes towards mental illness in undergraduate students. ACTA BIO-MEDICA : ATENEI PARMENSIS 2023; 94:e2023254. [PMID: 37850776 PMCID: PMC10644924 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v94i5.14296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
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Mannarini S, Taccini F, Rossi AA. Stigma toward internalizing and externalizing disorders: How do adolescents perceive their peers? A network analysis approach. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2023; 33:803-815. [PMID: 36841962 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study's first aim was to explore whether stigma's facets differ between internalizing and externalizing disorders in adolescence. The second aim was to compare the relationships among stigma's facets toward these disorders. Two vignettes depicting a peer with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) or Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) were used with 616 adolescents in Italy. A Repeated measure MANOVA showed biogenetic causes, social distancing, and discomfort were more attributed to depression, while dangerousness to ADHD. Furthermore, a Psychometric Network Analysis showed no differences between these disorders in the relations among stigma's components. However, dangerousness seemed to be among the nodes with the highest levels of "strength," confirming previous literature that shows that dangerousness plays a major role in stigma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Mannarini
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education, and Applied Psychology, Section of Applied Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center for Family Research, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Federica Taccini
- Interdepartmental Center for Family Research, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialisation, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Alessandro Alberto Rossi
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education, and Applied Psychology, Section of Applied Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center for Family Research, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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12
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Rose AL, Ochieng YA, Jack HE, Sangraula A, Ciya N, Jacobs Y, Ndamase S, Regenauer KS, Brown I, Hines AC, Johnson K, Bassett IV, Joska JA, Magidson JF, Myers B. Patient and stakeholder perspectives on impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on HIV and mental health care delivery in South Africa. Int J STD AIDS 2023; 34:525-531. [PMID: 36943694 PMCID: PMC10031273 DOI: 10.1177/09564624231160581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic had a global impact on health systems and the delivery of health services, including for chronic conditions such as HIV. In South Africa, impacts on HIV services have widely been quantitatively described. Across different health settings, patients have also qualitatively described numerous negative impacts to their HIV care. However, patient perspectives on COVID-19 impacts to HIV care in South Africa, the largest HIV care system in the world, have been little explored to date. METHODS We conducted 29 semi-structured individual interviews with people living with HIV (n = 24) and providers (n = 5) in Cape Town, South Africa. RESULTS While most patient participants reported continued access to HIV treatment during the pandemic, many described perceiving that the quality of their care declined. Increased structural barriers were described as one contributing factor to this change. Additionally, patients described that reduced privacy in clinical interactions was a key factor negatively influencing their experience of receiving care. CONCLUSION Findings underscore the importance of ensuring patient privacy for HIV services even during the rearrangement of services in emergencies. It is also important to continue developing models to integrate community mental health services within HIV care delivery in South Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra L Rose
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Yvonne A Ochieng
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Helen E Jack
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Anu Sangraula
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Nonceba Ciya
- Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drug Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Parow, South Africa
| | - Yuche Jacobs
- Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drug Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Parow, South Africa
| | - Sibabalwe Ndamase
- Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drug Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Parow, South Africa
| | | | - Imani Brown
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Abigail C Hines
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Kim Johnson
- Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drug Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Parow, South Africa
| | - Ingrid V Bassett
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John A Joska
- HIV Mental Health Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Bronwyn Myers
- Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drug Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Parow, South Africa
- Curtin EnAble Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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13
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Roberts-West L, Gravatt A, Guest N, Hunt A, Siddique L, Serbic D. A Comparison of Social Exclusion Towards People with Depression or Chronic Back Pain. Br J Pain 2023; 17:267-280. [PMID: 37342396 PMCID: PMC10278445 DOI: 10.1177/20494637221148337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Research comparing mental and physical health stigma is scarce. The aim of this study was to compare social exclusion towards hypothetical males and females with depression or chronic back pain. Furthermore, the study investigated whether social exclusion is associated with participant's empathy and personality traits, while controlling for their sex, age and personal exposure to mental/physical chronic health conditions. Design This study employed a cross-sectional questionnaire design. Methods Participants (N = 253) completed an online vignette-based questionnaire and were randomly allocated to either a depression or chronic back pain study condition. Measures of social exclusion through respondents' willingness to interact with hypothetical individuals, empathy and the Big Five personality traits were completed. Results Willingness to interact scores did not significantly differ depending on the diagnosis or sex of the hypothetical person in the vignette. For depression, higher levels of conscientiousness significantly predicted less willingness to interact. Whilst being a female participant and having higher empathy significantly predicted greater willingness to interact. For chronic back pain, higher empathy significantly predicted greater willingness to interact, with no significant predictors found from the Big Five personality traits. Conclusion Findings indicate that females and males with depression or chronic back pain face similar levels of social exclusion, with empathy being a core variable driving social exclusion behaviours. These findings enhance our understanding of potential variables driving social exclusion, in-turn informing campaign development to reduce public stigma towards depression and chronic back pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Roberts-West
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, SRY, UK
| | - Amy Gravatt
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, SRY, UK
| | - Natasha Guest
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, SRY, UK
| | - Ashley Hunt
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, SRY, UK
| | - Laraib Siddique
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, SRY, UK
| | - Danijela Serbic
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, SRY, UK
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Chen C, Wang X, Xu H, Li Y. Effectiveness of digital psychological interventions in reducing perinatal depression: a systematic review of meta-analyses. Arch Womens Ment Health 2023:10.1007/s00737-023-01327-y. [PMID: 37231116 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-023-01327-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Digital psychological interventions have been widely used clinically in recent years, but the methodological quality and quality of evidence of related studies are unclear, thus interfering with the translation of practice outcomes and the application of clinical decisions. We searched for meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials in the PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, JBI Database, CINAHL, and PsycINFO databases as well as some databases containing gray literature up to 27 April 2022 using a combination of keywords. After two researchers independently screened and extracted data from the literature, the methodological quality of the included literature was evaluated by the AMSTAR 2 scale, and the evidence quality of the outcome index was graded by the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation system. A total of 12 meta-analyses reporting the positive impact of digital psychological interventions in the prevention and/or treatment of depressive symptoms in perinatal women were included, but the methodological quality and evidence level of the included studies were low. Digital psychological interventions are effective in reducing perinatal depression, but the methodological quality and reliability of outcome indicators are mostly low. Improving study designs, using higher-quality clinical evidence, conducting systematic evaluation studies strictly following the procedures, and standardizing the reporting of study results are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caifeng Chen
- College of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- College of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Han Xu
- College of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yuhong Li
- College of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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15
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Guni JN, Wanjala SW, Manguro G, Gichuki C, Lim MS, Pham MD, Luchters S, Orwa J. Using social practice theory in measuring perceived stigma among female sex workers in Mombasa, Kenya. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:972. [PMID: 37237349 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15809-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perceived stigma is a complex societal phenomenon that is harboured especially by female sex workers because of the interplay of a myriad of factors. As such, a precise measure of the contribution of different social practices and characteristics is necessary for both understanding and intervening in matters related to perceived stigma. We developed a Perceived Stigma Index that measures the factors that greatly contribute to the stigma among sex workers in Kenya, and thereby inform a framework for future interventions. METHODS Social Practice Theory was adopted in the development of the Perceived Stigma Index in which three social domains were extracted from data collected in the WHISPER or SHOUT study conducted among female sex workers (FSW), aged 16-35 years in Mombasa, Kenya. The three domains included: Social demographics, Relationship Control and Sexual and Gender-based Violence, and Society awareness of sexual and reproductive history. The factor assessment entailed Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), and the internal consistency of the index was measured using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. RESULTS We developed a perceived stigma index to measure perceived stigma among 882 FSWs with a median age of 26 years. A Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.86 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.85-0.88) was obtained as a measure of the internal consistency of our index using the Social Practice Theory. In regression analysis, we identified three major factors that contribute to the perceived stigma and consists of : (i) income and family support (β = 1.69; 95% CI); (ii) society's awareness of the sex workers' sexual and reproductive history (β = 3.54; 95% CI); and (iii) different forms of relationship control e.g. physical abuse (β = 1.48; 95%CI that propagate the perceived stigma among the FSWs. CONCLUSION Social practice theory has solid properties that support and capture the multi-dimensional nature of perceived stigma. The findings support the fact that social practices contribute or provoke this fear of being discriminated against. Thus, in offering interventions to curb perceived stigma, focus should fall on the education of the society on the importance of acceptance and integration of the FSWs as part of the society and the eradication of sexual and gender based violence meted out on them. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial was registered in the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ACTRN12616000852459.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stanley Wechuli Wanjala
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Social Sciences, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Pwani University, Kilifi, Kenya
| | | | - Caroline Gichuki
- Institute for Human Development, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Megan Sc Lim
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Population Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Melbourne school of global and population health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Minh D Pham
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stanley Luchters
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Centre for Sexual Health and HIV AIDS Research, CeSHHAR, Harare, Zimbabwe
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - James Orwa
- Department of Population Health, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya
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Predicting different dimensions of schizophrenia-related stigma in Israel: Exploring the applicability of the common sense model of illness. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2023; 43:9-14. [PMID: 37032022 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2022.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The common sense model of illness is a promising conceptual framework that can promote our understanding of the predictors of schizophrenia-related public stigma. Because stigma is a multidimensional phenomenon, studies on schizophrenia-related stigma need to account for the origins of the various aspects of this phenomenon. This study explored which common sense model of illness components (cognitive and emotional) predicted three distinct indicators of stigma (stereotypes and discrimination on the individual and structural levels). A nonprobability sample of 149 students from one of the largest universities in Israel was drawn. Data were collected via a self-reported questionnaire. We found that five of the nine common sense model of illness variables predicted schizophrenia stereotypes, whereas very few predicted discrimination. Additionally, we found that greater belief in the effectiveness of schizophrenia treatment was associated with lower stereotypes and social-level discrimination. The less the perceived consequences of schizophrenia (the extent to which the illness is perceived to affect one's life), the lower the stereotypes and discrimination (individual and social). The perceived cause of schizophrenia and attribution of personal control over the illness did not predict any stigma dimension. The findings suggest that the common sense model of illness is more suitable for predicting stereotypes than discrimination. More research is needed to understand the unique drivers of different dimensions of stigma. The findings also imply the need to design separate programs to address different aspects of schizophrenia-related stigma.
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17
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Rodríguez-Ferrer JM, Manzano-León A, Fernández-Jiménez C, Aguilar-Parra JM, Cangas AJ, Luque de la Rosa A. The use of digital escape rooms in nursing education. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2022; 22:901. [PMID: 36581837 PMCID: PMC9798354 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-022-03879-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Negative attitudes and prejudices towards people with a mental disorder are common across cultures and societies. The stigma associated with mental illness leads to a lower quality of life, given the discrimination and social exclusion suffered by people with this type of disorder. In the field of health, research has shown that doctors and nurses also manifest these types of stigmatizing behaviors and attitudes. The present study aims to create and apply an educational escape room for the purpose of training nursing students in mental health, promoting positive attitudes towards people who have a mental disorder. To do so, a pre-post study was conducted with an experimental group and a control group to determine whether the escape room was effective for the modification of stigmatizing behaviors compared to transmissive lecture class, and a third measurement was made at 6 months only to the experimental group to evaluate whether the changes produced by the escape room were maintained in the long term. The results indicate that the students participating in the study obtained better scores in sensitization and these remain better over time. It is concluded that the escape room used is suitable for the training and sensitization of future nursing professionals in the field of mental health, facilitating the learning of knowledge and positive attitudes towards severe mental disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Rodríguez-Ferrer
- Department of Psychology, Health Care Center, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - A Manzano-León
- Department of Psychology, Health Care Center, University of Almería, Almería, Spain.
| | | | - J M Aguilar-Parra
- Department of Psychology, Health Care Center, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - A J Cangas
- Department of Psychology, Health Care Center, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
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Mannarini S, Taccini F, Sato I, Rossi AA. Understanding stigma toward schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2022; 318:114970. [PMID: 36436323 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is arguably one of the most stigmatized psychiatric disorders, with patients frequently seeing the burden of stigmatization as a "second illness." Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships among the main aspects of the stigma toward schizophrenia. This study used a vignette methodology with 2053 individuals from the general population in Italy. The main aspects of stigma - causal beliefs, recommended treatments, social distance, perception of dangerousness, and avoidance - were investigated through participants' responses, and a latent variable structural equation model (SEM) approach was used to test the relationships among them. Perceived dangerousness predicts the desire for social distancing from an individual with schizophrenia, which predicts the desire for avoidance. In addition, biogenetic causal beliefs of schizophrenia and position on the appropriate medical treatment predict the perception of dangerousness and thus a greater desire for social distance. This study contributes to the literature on the stigmatization of mental health by improving our understanding of the phenomenon. Highlighting the relationships between aspects of stigma allows for a discussion of the implications for anti-stigma interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Mannarini
- Department of Philosophy Sociology Education, and Applied Psychology, Section of Applied Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Interdepartmental Center for Family Research, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
| | - Federica Taccini
- Interdepartmental Center for Family Research, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialisation, University of Padua, Italy
| | - Ida Sato
- Department of Philosophy Sociology Education, and Applied Psychology, Section of Applied Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Interdepartmental Center for Family Research, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Alessandro Alberto Rossi
- Department of Philosophy Sociology Education, and Applied Psychology, Section of Applied Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Interdepartmental Center for Family Research, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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19
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How threatening are people with mental disability? it depends on the type of threat and the disability. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03655-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThere is clear evidence that people with mental disability suffer from discrimination at school, at work, and in society. Less is known about the psychological processes and perceptions that guide such behaviors and even less if these perceptions vary according to the type of disability. Our objective was to build on well-established social psychological models and investigate the perceptions (i.e., stereotypes, perceived threats, and emotions) of people towards different types of mental disability. Participants from two francophone countries completed a questionnaire measuring their perceptions towards 18 mental disabilities and their familiarity with disability (N = 560). As expected, results revealed heterogeneous perceptions across groups. Moreover, perceived threats mediated the link between the stereotype of warmth and emotions. Surprisingly, greater familiarity with mental disability went along with greater derogation. This research nuances the overly generalized perceptions often associated with mental disability. We discuss implications for the reduction of discrimination against people with mental disability.
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20
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Rossi AA, Manzoni GM, Pietrabissa G, Di Pauli D, Mannarini S, Castelnuovo G. Weight stigma in patients with overweight and obesity: validation of the Italian Weight Self-Stigma Questionnaire (WSSQ). Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:2459-2472. [PMID: 35290623 PMCID: PMC9556395 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-022-01385-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to explore the factorial structure of the Italian Weight Self-Stigma Questionnaire (WSSQ) (Study1); and to test structural validity, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and measurement invariance of the questionnaire across gender, Body Mass Index (BMI), age and occurrence of previous hospitalization for obesity (Study2). METHODS At admission into a hospital-based program for weight reduction and rehabilitation, 150 inpatients with overweight/obesity (68% females) completed the WSSQ (Study1). In Study2, in addition to the WSSQ, 446 inpatients (61.9% females) completed the Weight Bias Internalization Scale (WBIS), the Body Uneasiness Test (BUT), and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). A subsample of 40 patients also re-completed the WSSQ at discharge from the hospital. RESULTS The Italian WSSQ showed good overlap with the original factorial structure (Study1) and results were confirmed in Study2. Test-retest reliability and convergent validity showed adequate values. Measurement invariance revealed that WSSQ was perfectly invariant across both BMI and the occurrence of previous hospitalizations for obesity. In both studies, the internal consistency of the questionnaire was deemed acceptable. CONCLUSIONS The Italian WSSQ is a valid, reliable, and invariant tool for the assessment of weight-related self-stigma among patients with overweight/obesity. Future studies should assess its longitudinal invariance as well as its responsiveness to weight reduction treatments. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE V, descriptive study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Alberto Rossi
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education, and Applied Psychology, Section of Applied Psychology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy. .,Interdepartmental Center for Family Research, Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education, and Applied Psychology, Section of Applied Psychology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.
| | - Gian Mauro Manzoni
- Psychology Research Laboratory, Ospedale San Giuseppe, IRCCS, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Verbania, Italy.,Faculty of Psychology, eCampus University, Novedrate, Como, Italy
| | - Giada Pietrabissa
- Psychology Research Laboratory, Ospedale San Giuseppe, IRCCS, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Verbania, Italy.,Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Stefania Mannarini
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education, and Applied Psychology, Section of Applied Psychology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.,Interdepartmental Center for Family Research, Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education, and Applied Psychology, Section of Applied Psychology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Gianluca Castelnuovo
- Psychology Research Laboratory, Ospedale San Giuseppe, IRCCS, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Verbania, Italy.,Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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21
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Bock PE, Pham V, Puzantian T. Pharmacy students' perceptions of the effectiveness of a film-based mental health elective course. CURRENTS IN PHARMACY TEACHING & LEARNING 2022; 14:38-45. [PMID: 35125193 DOI: 10.1016/j.cptl.2021.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Stigmatizing attitudes of pharmacists can contribute to poor outcomes in individuals with mental illness. Direct contact with patients during pharmacy experiential education helps establish positive attitudes toward people with mental illness yet may not be available to all students. The use of film in pharmacy education has the potential to facilitate learning and improve attitudes. METHODS We evaluated students' perceptions regarding the impact of an elective course for pharmacy students which incorporated feature films about mental illnesses. Students completed surveys addressing their perceptions of each film's role in facilitation of learning, attitudes about mental illness, and comfort level for interacting with patients with mental illness. RESULTS A total of 125 students completed a course featuring 17 films over the four-year study period. The films with the highest weighted positive rankings were Temple Grandin, Helen, As Good As It Gets, Born on the Fourth of July, Iris, A Beautiful Mind, and Silver Linings Playbook. Less favored films included One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest, Prozac Nation, and My Own Private Idaho. CONCLUSIONS Direct contact with patients may best prepare future pharmacists to serve the needs of people with mental illness. This study suggests that students perceive feature films used in an elective course may have a positive impact on facilitating learning and improving attitudes of pharmacy students toward individuals with mental illness. Further well-designed studies are warranted, including in other health professions students, to substantiate and define the role of film as a tool to teach and address stigma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payton E Bock
- The George Washington University, Columbian College of Arts and Sciences, Forensic Psychology, 1925 Ballenger Avenue, Suite 250, Alexandria, VA 22314, United States.
| | - Venie Pham
- Keck Graduate Institute, School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 535 Watson Drive, Claremont, CA 91711., United States.
| | - Talia Puzantian
- Keck Graduate Institute, School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 535 Watson Drive, Claremont, CA 91711., United States.
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22
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Applying Genetic and Genomic Tools to Psychiatric Disorders: A Scoping Review. HEC Forum 2021:10.1007/s10730-021-09465-5. [PMID: 34850314 PMCID: PMC8631566 DOI: 10.1007/s10730-021-09465-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The bioethics literature reflects significant interest in and concern with the use of genetic and genomic information in various settings. Because psychiatric treatment and research raises unique ethical, legal, and social issues, we conducted a scoping review of the biomedical, bioethics, and psychology literature regarding the application of genetic and genomic tools to psychiatric disorders (as listed in the DSM-5) and two associated behaviors or symptoms to provide a more detailed overview of the state of the field. Objectives The primary objective was to examine the available bioethics, biomedical, and psychology literature on applying genetic and genomic tools to psychiatric disorders (other than neurodevelopmental disorders) and two behaviors or symptoms sometimes associated with them (aggression or violence and suicidality) to identify the disorders to which these tools have been applied, the contexts in or purposes for which they have been applied, the ethical, legal, or social concerns associated with those uses, and proposed recommendations for mitigating those concerns. Methods We used Arksey and O’Malley’s scoping review framework: (1) identify the research question; (2) identify relevant studies; (3) select studies; (4) chart the data; and (5) collate, summarize, and report results (2005). We relied on Levac et al. to inform our application of the framework (2010). The PRISMA extension for scoping reviews checklist informed our reporting (2018). We searched three electronic databases MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, and PsycInfo (EbscoHost) for peer-reviewed journal articles in English to identify relevant literature. One author screened the initial results and additional screening was done in consultation with other authors. A data extraction form using DSM-5 diagnostic categories (excluding neurodevelopmental disorders) was developed and two authors independently each reviewed approximately half of the articles. Inter-rater reliability was ensured by double-coding approximately 10% of the papers. An additional author independently coded 10% of the articles to audit the data. Results In 365 coded publications, we identified 15 DSM-5 diagnostic categories in addition to the two pre-selected behaviors or symptoms (aggression or violence and suicidality) to which genetic or genomic tools have been applied. We identified 11 settings in or purposes for which these tools were applied. Twenty-two types of ethical, legal, or social concerns associated with the application of genetic or genomic tools to these disorders or behaviors/symptoms were identified along with 13 practices or policies that could mitigate these concerns. Conclusion Genetic and genomic tools have been applied to a wide range of psychiatric disorders. These raise a range of ethical, legal, and social concerns. Additional research is warranted to better understand the concerns and effective ways to address them. Advancing the literature to identify relevant ethical, legal, or social concerns and solutions to those problems likely requires greater attention to specific applications of genetic or genomic tools to particular psychiatric disorders and associated behaviors/symptoms as well as broad stakeholder engagement. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10730-021-09465-5.
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Rossi Ferrario S, Panzeri A, Pistono M. Psychological difficulties of LVAD patients and caregivers: A follow up over 1 year from discharge. Artif Organs 2021; 46:479-490. [PMID: 34519060 PMCID: PMC9292387 DOI: 10.1111/aor.14071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background After the rehabilitation program, patients with left ventricular assist device (LVAD) are discharged home, but the adaption to the daily life with the implant is challenging, both with practical and psychological consequences. Literature is lacking detailed information about the quality of life of LVAD patients and caregivers after discharge to home. Objective This study aimed at evaluating the post‐discharge outcomes of both LVAD patients and their caregivers in terms of quality of life, affectivity, and psychological health. Methods In this observational follow‐up study, LVAD dyads discharged home from 1 year to 6 years were re‐contacted by phone and received by mail an envelope with self‐report questionnaires. Responses of 39 complete dyads of patients (mean age 68.59 ± 4.31; males: 92.31%) and their caregivers (mean age 61.59 ± 11.64; males: 17.95%) were analyzed. Results Patients and caregivers reported the moderate levels of anxiety, depression, and caregiver strain, and Illness denial and conscious avoidance were associated between them. The couples often reported that the LVAD has impairments for their sleep and for their affective–sexual relationship. Caregivers often reported impairment in social life and self‐care. Discussions Despite the satisfaction for the medical and territorial assistance, patients showed psychological difficulties such as anxious and depressive symptoms and caregivers tend to neglect themselves. Even after a long time from discharge to home, the psychological distress of LVAD patients and caregivers is still considerable. Structured and continuous psychological interventions are required to support their psychological health overtime after the discharge to home.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Rossi Ferrario
- Unit of Psychology-Neuropsychology, IRCCS ICS Maugeri, Institute of Veruno, Veruno, Italy
| | - Anna Panzeri
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Massimo Pistono
- Unit of Cardiology, IRCCS ICS Maugeri, Institute of Veruno, Veruno, Italy
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Bendel-Rozow T. Recovery-oriented dance movement therapy group with adults coping with severe mental health conditions: A controlled trial. ARTS IN PSYCHOTHERAPY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aip.2021.101830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Surratt HL, Otachi J, McLouth C, Vundi N. Healthcare stigma and HIV risk among rural people who inject drugs. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 226:108878. [PMID: 34214880 PMCID: PMC8355211 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The HIV epidemic is increasingly penetrating rural areas of the U.S. due to evolving epidemics of injection drug use. Many rural areas experience deficits in availability of HIV prevention, testing and harm reduction services, and confront significant stigma that inhibits care seeking. This paper examines enacted stigma in healthcare settings among rural people who inject drugs (PWID) and explores associations of stigma with continuing high-risk behaviors for HIV. METHODS PWID participants (n = 324) were recruited into the study in three county health department syringe service programs (SSPs), as well as in local community-based organizations. Trained interviewers completed a standardized baseline interview lasting approximately 40 min. Bivariate logistic regression models examined the associations between enacted healthcare stigma, health conditions, and injection risk behaviors, and a mediation analysis was conducted. RESULTS Stigmatizing health conditions were common in this sample of PWID, and 201 (62.0 %) reported experiencing stigma from healthcare providers. Injection risk behaviors were uniformly associated with higher odds of enacted healthcare stigma, including sharing injection equipment at most recent injection (OR = 2.76; CI 1.55, 4.91), and lifetime receptive needle sharing (OR = 2.27; CI 1.42, 3.63). Enacted healthcare stigma partially mediated the relationship between having a stigmatizing health condition and engagement in high-risk injection behaviors. DISCUSSION Rural PWID are vulnerable to stigma in healthcare settings, which contributes to high-risk injection behaviors for HIV. These findings have critical public health implications, including the importance of tailored interventions to decrease enacted stigma in care settings, and structural changes to expand the provision of healthcare services within SSP settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chris McLouth
- University of Kentucky, Department of Behavioral Science
| | - Nikita Vundi
- University of Kentucky, Center for Health Services Research
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Hennekam S, Follmer K, Beatty J. Exploring mental illness in the workplace:the role of HR professionals and processes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09585192.2021.1960751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kayla Follmer
- John Chambers College of Business and Economics, West Virginia University Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Joy Beatty
- College of Business, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI, USA
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Jiang T, Zhou X, Lin L, Pan Y, Zhong Y, Wang X, Zhu H. COVID-19-related stigma and its influencing factors: a nationwide cross-sectional study during the early stage of the pandemic in China. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e048983. [PMID: 34389575 PMCID: PMC8366283 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-048983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the situation of COVID-19-related stigma towards patients with COVID-19 and people from the city of Wuhan in China and to assess the associations between COVID-19-related stigma, health literacy and sociodemographic characteristics during March 2020, the early stage of the pandemic. DESIGN A cross-sectional online survey. SETTING The study surveyed 31 provinces in China. PARTICIPANTS This study surveyed 5039 respondents in China. OUTCOME MEASURES Public stigma towards both patients with COVID-19 and Wuhan residents was measured. Binary logistic regression was used to identify the factors associated with public COVID-19-related stigma. RESULTS Among the participants, 122 (2.4%) reported themselves and 254 (5.0%) reported the communities they lived in as holding a stigmatising attitude towards patients with COVID-19, respectively. Additionally, 114 (2.5%) and 475 (10.3%) reported that themselves and the communities they lived in, respectively, held a stigma against people from Wuhan, which was the most severely affected area in China. People aged over 40, lived in areas with severe epidemics (adjusted OR (aOR)=2.03, 95% CI (1.05 to 3.92)) and who felt it difficult to find and understand information about COVID-19 (aOR=1.91, 95% CI (1.08 to 3.37); aOR=1.88, 95% CI (1.08 to 3.29)) were more likely to stigmatise patients with COVID-19. People who were male, aged 41-50 and had difficulty understanding information (aOR=2.08, 95% CI (1.17 to 3.69)) were more likely to stigmatise people from Wuhan. CONCLUSIONS Patients with COVID-19 and Wuhan residents suffered stigma at both the individual and the community levels. Those who had low health literacy, who lived in areas with a large number of COVID-19 cases and who were of ethnic minorities were more likely to stigmatise others. Tailored interventions are encouraged to improve health literacy and consequently to reduce public COVID-19-related stigma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Jiang
- Institute of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xudong Zhou
- Institute of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Leesa Lin
- Department of Global Health and Development, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health (D24H), Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Yanzheng Pan
- Institute of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuyuan Zhong
- Institute of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Institute of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- Institute of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Severe mentally ill patients: our global migrants Neuroethical issues in psychiatry and pharmacology today. A brief manifesto toward The World Symposium 2020. CNS Spectr 2021; 26:310-311. [PMID: 32192544 DOI: 10.1017/s1092852920000048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Panzeri A, Rossi Ferrario S, Cerutti P. Psychological Differences Among Healthcare Workers of a Rehabilitation Institute During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Two-Step Study. Front Psychol 2021; 12:636129. [PMID: 33868105 PMCID: PMC8045484 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.636129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Healthcare workers facing the threatening COVID-19 can experience severe difficulties. Despite the need to evaluate both the psychological distress and positive protective resources, brief and reliable assessment tools are lacking. Aim: Study 1 aimed at developing a new assessment tool to measure psychological distress and esteem in healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Study 2 aimed to explore and compare the psychological reactions of healthcare workers of the COVID-19 and the non-COVID-19 wards. Methods: In Study 1, psychologists created 25 items based on their clinical experience. A preliminary qualitative evaluation selected the best 15 items for the new tool (CPI-HP) assessing the COVID-19 psychological impact with 2 scales: psychological distress and esteem. The CPI-HP was administered to 110 healthcare professionals to study its psychometric properties and the internal structure with exploratory graph analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. Study 2 compared two groups of healthcare professionals of the COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 departments. Results: In Study 1, the CPI-HP showed satisfying psychometric properties, and the two-factor structure was confirmed with good fit indices. In Study 2, the two groups of healthcare workers showed comparable levels of psychological distress and resilient coping, but the COVID-19 group displayed significantly higher esteem and appreciation of the experience. Discussion: All operators showed high psychological distress during the emergency, but the COVID-19 group reported higher resources, probably due to stronger group cohesion and greater esteem, perceived meaning, and own work value. Conclusion: Assessing the psychological distress and resources of healthcare professionals with specific tools is important. Psychological interventions should promote their psychological health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Panzeri
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Unit of Psychology-Neuropsychology, Institute of Veruno, Maugeri Scientific Institutes for Research, Hospitalization and Health Care, Veruno, Italy
| | - Silvia Rossi Ferrario
- Unit of Psychology-Neuropsychology, Institute of Veruno, Maugeri Scientific Institutes for Research, Hospitalization and Health Care, Veruno, Italy
| | - Paola Cerutti
- Unit of Psychology-Neuropsychology, Institute of Veruno, Maugeri Scientific Institutes for Research, Hospitalization and Health Care, Veruno, Italy
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Dillinger RL. Addressing the Stigma Surrounding Serious Mental Illness in Adolescents: a Brief Intervention. Psychiatr Q 2021; 92:161-167. [PMID: 32506215 DOI: 10.1007/s11126-020-09787-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Stigma in mental illness is a problem fueled by misrepresentation by the media and the assimilation of parent opinion, noted in those as young as six years old. Intervening in adolescence is critical given juxtaposition of increased judgement/fear of judgement and the onset of serious mental illness. This paper details the efforts of an intervention designed to specifically target the perception of dangerousness, social distancing, and use of stigmatizing language. A total of 124 high school freshman participated in the interactive presentation delivered over the course of a typical 40 min class period. An identical survey with a 5-point Likert scale was administered before and after to measure level of agreement with stigmatizing statements. Most participants reported prior exposure through the media (86.6%) and through conversations with family/friends (67.7%). Post intervention, improvement was seen in the perception of dangerousness (MD = 0.45, t = 4.435, p = <0.001), the need for social distancing (measure 1: MD = 0.148, t = 1.785, p = 0.039; measure 2: MD = 0.142, t = 1.773, p = 0.04), and understanding of the experience of those with serious mental illness (MD = 0.377, t = 3.378, p = <0.001). No significant difference was seen in terms of stigmatizing language use (MD = 0.114, t = 1.192, p = 0.118). This study supports the delivery of anti-stigma education to adolescents that avoids the biogenetic and contact approaches, embraces the continuum model of mental health, normalizes psychotic experiences, addresses dangerousness with data, identifies prominent figures with mental illness, and uses personalized statistics to demonstrate why this topic is of importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Dillinger
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Rossi Ferrario S, Panzeri A, Cerutti P, Sacco D. The Psychological Experience and Intervention in Post-Acute COVID-19 Inpatients. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2021; 17:413-422. [PMID: 33603379 PMCID: PMC7884934 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s283558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE COVID-19 patients faced first-hand the life-threatening consequences of the disease, oftentimes involving prolonged hospitalization in isolation from family and friends. This study aimed at describing the psychological intervention to address the psychological difficulties and issues encountered by the hospitalized post-acute COVID-19 patients in a rehabilitation setting. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients' demographics, medical diagnosis, and neuro-psychological information were collected from March 2nd to May 12th, 2020. The main psychological issues and intervention strategies were collected. RESULTS A total of 181 patients were hospitalized during this period. Among them, the 47.5% underwent psychological assessment (N=86; age: 74.58±13.39; 54.7% females). The most common psychological issues were acute stress disorders (18.6%), anxious and demoralization symptoms (26.7%), depression (10.5%%), and troublesome grief (8.1%). Once recovered from COVID-19, many patients were discharged home (38.4%), some received further rehabilitation in non-COVID-19 wards (41.9%), mostly due to pre-existent diseases (72.2%) rather than to COVID-19 complications (27.8%). CONCLUSION A great number of the hospitalized post-acute COVID-19 patients showed psychological issues requiring psychological intervention, the most common were anxiety, demoralization, acute stress, depression, and grief. The proposed psychological treatment for hospitalized COVID-19 patients was conducted in a Cognitive Behavioral framework. In particular, during the COVID-19 pandemic, psychological intervention is an important part of rehabilitation in the post-acute phase of the illness to reduce distress symptoms and improve psychological health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Rossi Ferrario
- Psychology and Neuropsychology Unit, Institute of Veruno, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Veruno, Italy
| | - Anna Panzeri
- Psychology and Neuropsychology Unit, Institute of Veruno, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Veruno, Italy
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Paola Cerutti
- Psychology and Neuropsychology Unit, Institute of Veruno, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Veruno, Italy
| | - Daniela Sacco
- Psychology and Neuropsychology Unit, Institute of Veruno, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Veruno, Italy
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Panzeri A, Komici K, Cerutti P, Sacco D, Pistono M, Rossi Ferrario S. Gender differences and long-term outcome of over 75 elderlies in cardiac rehabilitation: highlighting the role of psychological and physical factors through a secondary analysis of a cohort study. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med 2021; 57:288-297. [PMID: 33448752 DOI: 10.23736/s1973-9087.21.06484-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite cardiac rehabilitation for elder people already showed its usefulness, to date it is still not clear the impact of gender and of psychological constructs in influencing the rehabilitation outcomes. AIM This study aimed at exploring the gender differences of great elders (over 75 years old) in cardiac rehabilitation, with particular attention to the impact of physical and psychological conditions, as depressive symptoms, on long-term post-discharge outcomes. DESIGN A cohort study design was used and a secondary analysis was conducted. SETTING Cardiac rehabilitation unit of a postacute rehabilitation Institute. POPULATION Elderly patients over 75 years old admitted to the cardiac rehabilitation program. METHODS Psychological and functional variables, such as Barthel Index, BMI, quality of life, and depression measured at admission and discharge from CR were matched with mortality information up to 4 years, used as long-term outcomes. RESULTS A total of 523 patients, 228 females and 295 males, with a mean age of 76.27 years±3.46 were progressively enrolled. Barthel index at admission and discharge was higher for males than females, 74.10±17.31 vs. 68.90 SD±16.81 (P<0.001), and 95.45±10.64 vs. 92.95±13.03 (p=0.021), respectively, while the relative change from admission to discharge Δ% of Barthel was higher for females 0.25±0.18 than for males 0.21±0.17 (P<0.05). Compared to males, either at admission or discharge females presented more severe depressive symptoms (5.21±3.46 vs. 3.86±2.79, P<0.001; 4.15±3.21 vs. 2.93±2.45, P<0.001) and a worse quality of life (10.58±2.15 vs. 9.55±2.24, P<0.001; 7.5±1.63 vs. 7.02±1.08, P=0.018). Cox proportional analysis revealed that female gender, depression at discharge, Barthel, and Comorbidity Index were associated with higher hazard and shorter survival time. On the other hand, higher BMI was associated with lower hazard and longer survival time. CONCLUSIONS Elderly women following a CR program present more disability, depression, and a worse QoL than men. Obviously, these characteristics influence the length of hospitalization but with significant improvement. Despite the frail-gender paradox regarding survival, after CR program women have a higher risk of mortality than men. Depression has a significant negative impact on elderly psychophysical health. CLINICAL REHABILITATION IMPACT Gender-specific and individualized rehabilitation programs should be implemented by considering the discussed physical and psychological risk factors. Further insight about gender differences among over 75 elderlies in CR is provided, this knowledge may be useful for clinicians scheduling recovery plans to promote elderlies' psychological and physical health. Psychological interventions should be implemented to relieve the depressive symptoms among elders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Panzeri
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy - .,Unit of Psychology and Neuropsychology, IRCCS Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, Veruno, Novara, Italy -
| | - Klara Komici
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Paola Cerutti
- Unit of Psychology and Neuropsychology, IRCCS Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, Veruno, Novara, Italy
| | - Daniela Sacco
- Unit of Psychology and Neuropsychology, IRCCS Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, Veruno, Novara, Italy
| | - Massimo Pistono
- Department of Cardiology, IRCCS Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, Veruno, Novara, Italy
| | - Silvia Rossi Ferrario
- Unit of Psychology and Neuropsychology, IRCCS Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, Veruno, Novara, Italy
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Haouchet S, Harder C, Müller S. Comparison of the Effects of a Genetic, a Mild Encephalitis, and a Psychosocial Causal Explanation of Schizophrenia on Stigmatizing Attitudes - a Pilot Study With a Quasi-Experimental Design. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:745124. [PMID: 34616325 PMCID: PMC8489806 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.745124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Previous research has shown that the endorsement of biogenetic causal explanations of schizophrenia is associated with stronger stigmatizing attitudes against people with schizophrenia than the endorsement of psychosocial explanations. However, little is known about whether different biogenetic causal explanation beliefs differentially affect stigmatizing attitudes. This is particularly valid for the endorsement of the mild encephalitis hypothesis of schizophrenia. Aim: To examine to what extent different causal explanations of schizophrenia influence the desire for social distance from persons with schizophrenia. Methods: A study with a prospective, quasi-experimental design was carried out with students in Germany (N = 333). A case vignette depicting a person with schizophrenia-typical symptoms was presented, and a social distance scale (SDS) was used to measure the stigmatizing attitude against the person described. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups receiving different causal explanations of schizophrenia (genetic, mild encephalitis hypothesis, or psychosocial) without treatment information. Results: A one-way ANOVA showed that the mean SDS was lowest in the group with the mild encephalitis hypothesis explanation, followed by the genetic explanation group, and highest in the psychosocial explanation group. However, the differences between the groups were small and not significant. A subanalysis revealed a significant interaction between gender and causal explanation. Women showed a significantly lower desire for social distance than men when receiving the mild encephalitis hypothesis. Neither the study discipline nor the number of semesters of study had significant effects on the mean SDS. The differences between the mean SDS scores for the different items were much bigger than the differences for the different causal explanations. Regardless of the causal explanation, the extent of the desired social distance depends strongly on social proximity. Conclusion: The present study fits into previous research, which has found that biogenetic beliefs were either associated with more social distance or did not yield a statistically significant association. Although we found a small gender-specific effect of the endorsement of the mild encephalitis hypothesis, we do not recommend gender-specific anti-stigmatization campaigns because they might rightly raise suspicions of dishonesty and manipulation. Rather we support recovery-oriented messages focusing on effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Haouchet
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, CCM, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carolin Harder
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, CCM, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabine Müller
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, CCM, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Abstract
In this study, the Turkish adaptation of the Korean Cancer Stigma Scale (CSS), which was developed by So, Chae, Kim, (2017), was studied for validity and reliability. Modeling of the methodological type of study sample in medicine. Of the cancer patients who came to oncology clinics and ambulatory chemotherapy units for treatment, 327 were included. Data were collected by using a personal information form and the CSS. The translation-retranslation method was used to test the Turkish validity and reliability of the original version of the CSS in English. Six sub-dimensions similar to the original CSS form were identified and factor loads were found between 0.197 and 0.903 as a result of exploratory factor analysis. However, item 6 (0.197) was removed from the scale as its factor load diverged from the recommended value. Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) and Bartlett's sphericity tests were used to evaluate the adequacy and suitability of the sample of the research before performing the factor analysis. The KMO value was found to be 0.894, and this value showed that the scale was suitable for factor analysis. Likewise, Bartlett's sphericity test results (x2 = 4008.269, p = 0.000) show that the data are suitable for factor analysis. Many indices were used to examine the fit of the model belonging to CSS. Of these, x2/SD value was found to be 2.928, GFI 0.856, IFI 0.905, CFI 0.904, RMSEA 0.077 and SRMR 0.057, and it was decided that the scale was acceptable. The Cronbach alpha coefficient value measured for CSS is equal to 0.897. The Cronbach alpha coefficient for the CSS sub-dimension 'social isolation' is equal to 0.917, 'distancing or avoiding' 0.852, 'attribution' 0.898, 'guilt' 0.758, 'discrimination' 0.692 and 'lack of medical support' 0.664. Confirmatory factor analysis fit index values, normal and acceptable values were determined for CSS consisting of 23 items and 6 sub-dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birsen Paltun
- Department of Nursing, Institute of Health Sciences, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
| | - Nurgül Bölükbaş
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
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Breaking the silence: Determining Prevalence and Understanding Stillbirth Stigma. Midwifery 2020; 93:102884. [PMID: 33246144 DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2020.102884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 2011 and 2016 Stillbirth Lancet series made a call to action to identify mechanisms to reduce stillbirth stigma. This research answers that call, investigating the extent and dimensions of stillbirth stigma experienced by an international sample of mothers bereaved by stillbirth. OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence and type as well as explore explanatory variables associated with higher levels of stillbirth stigma with bereaved mothers in high-income countries (Australia, United Kingdom, The United States of America and New Zealand). METHOD An international survey of 889 bereaved mothers was conducted utilising the recently developed Stillbirth Stigma Scale to explore the extent and types of stigma experienced, as well as the association between stigma and self-esteem (Rosenberg Self- Esteem Scales), perinatal grief (Perinatal Grief Scale), and perceived social support (Perceived Social Support Scale). Demographic information (e.g. age, education, stillbirth history, sexual orientation and mental health) were collected to determine the association between individual demographic factors and stillbirth stigma. RESULTS Results of the Stillbirth Stigma Scale indicated that a majority (54%) of bereaved mothers experienced stigma. Self-stigma was the predominant type of stigma experienced (80%), followed by perceived devaluation (64.9%). Bereaved mothers also experienced discrimination (29.1%) and issues with disclosing their stillbirth to their community (36.7%). Stillbirth stigma scores were higher in bereaved mothers who had experienced the loss of their first child. High scores were associated with the mother's mental health status (diagnoses prior to stillbirth, and/or after stillbirth (p<.05)).The other scales used indicated that higher stillbirth stigma scores were also associated with lower self-esteem (r (877) =-.304, p<.001), lower perceived social support (r (871) =-.448, p<.001) and higher levels of grief (r (829) =.609, p<.001). CONCLUSION The current research was the first to identify that 54% of bereaved mothers experienced stigma, with self-stigma being the most prominent. Bereaved mothers endured discriminating experiences and had trouble disclosing their stillbirth to others within their community. The first-time mother with a self- reported history of mental illnesses appears to be the most at-risk of higher levels of stigma. Future longitudinal research needs to be conducted to determine the direction of the explanatory variables i.e. mental health, self-esteem and social support and develop interventions, which support the bereaved mother and reduce stillbirth stigma. RELEVANCE This study is the first to demonstrate the prevalence, extent, type and explanatory variables of stigma reported by bereaved mothers and the association between this and poorer outcomes including increased grief and decreased self-esteem. This study begins a dialogue about prevalence and explanatory variables of stillbirth stigma and its impact, to inform future prevention and support potential stigma reduction programs for community and bereaved mothers.
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Rossi A, Panzeri A, Pietrabissa G, Manzoni GM, Castelnuovo G, Mannarini S. The Anxiety-Buffer Hypothesis in the Time of COVID-19: When Self-Esteem Protects From the Impact of Loneliness and Fear on Anxiety and Depression. Front Psychol 2020; 11:2177. [PMID: 33240140 PMCID: PMC7683508 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The coronavirus (COVID-19) disease has spread worldwide, generating intense fear of infection and death that may lead to enduring anxiety. At the same time, quarantine and physical isolation can intensify feelings of dispositional loneliness that, by focusing on thoughts of disconnection from others, can trigger intense anxiety. Anxiety, generated by both fear of COVID-19 and dispositional loneliness, can activate negative expectations and thoughts of death, potentially generating alarming depressive symptoms. However, the anxiety-buffer hypothesis suggests that self-esteem acts as a shield (buffer) against mental health threats - fear and loneliness - thus hampering anxiety and depressive symptoms. OBJECTIVE This study aims to test the process - triggered by COVID-19 fear and loneliness - in which self-esteem should buffer the path leading to anxiety symptoms, then to depression. METHODS An observational research design with structural equation models was used. A sample of 1200 participants enrolled from the general population answered an online survey comprising: the fear of COVID-19 scale, the UCLA loneliness scale, the Rosenberg self-esteem scale, and the anxiety and depression scales of the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised. RESULTS Structural equation models showed the link between anxiety symptoms (mediator) with both the fear of COVID-19 and dispositional loneliness (predictors), as well as its association with consequent depressive symptomatology (outcome). In line with the anxiety-buffer hypothesis, self-esteem mediated the relationship between the predictors and their adverse psychological consequences. CONCLUSION Self-esteem represents a protective factor from the antecedents of depression. Targeted psychological interventions should be implemented to minimize the psychological burden of the disease whilst promoting adaptation and positive psychological health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Rossi
- Section of Applied Psychology, Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education, and Applied Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center for Family Research, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Anna Panzeri
- Unit of Psychology and Neuropsychology, Maugeri Scientific Institutes IRCCS, Novara, Italy
| | - Giada Pietrabissa
- Psychology Research Laboratory, Ospedale San Giuseppe, IRCCS, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Verbania, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Gian Mauro Manzoni
- Psychology Research Laboratory, Ospedale San Giuseppe, IRCCS, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Verbania, Italy
- Department of Psychology, eCampus University, Novedrate, Italy
| | - Gianluca Castelnuovo
- Psychology Research Laboratory, Ospedale San Giuseppe, IRCCS, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Verbania, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Mannarini
- Section of Applied Psychology, Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education, and Applied Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center for Family Research, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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Parola A. Novel Coronavirus Outbreak and Career Development: A Narrative Approach Into the Meaning for Italian University Graduates. Front Psychol 2020; 11:2255. [PMID: 33192751 PMCID: PMC7642812 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In times of economic crisis, the literature shows that young people have always been in the high-risk category. The COVID-19 outbreak and the consequence on the economic level have increased the sense of uncertainty and precariousness experienced by young people. The current scenario has forced young people at the school-to-work transition point to re-think their career plans. Although the difficulties of the school-to-work transition already lead to distress and mental health problems in young people, the slowdown imposed by the coronavirus could add up to these difficulties. The present study aimed to explore the process of career development and career planning in the coronavirus era. Twenty Italian university graduates were involved. METHODS A quantitative measure was used to evaluate the affective (positive/negative) experience. A narrative prompt was used to understand the individual dimensions of career planning. Cluster analysis was carried out by an unsupervised ascendant hierarchical method to explore the themes of the narration. RESULTS Italian young adults have tended to experience negative affects in the recent weeks of quarantine. The themes highlighted in the narratives showed that Italian young adults experience feelings of fear, uncertainty, and anxiety about the post-pandemic future. CONCLUSION The results appear as a starting point to re-think possible interventions for this group post-lockdown and post-pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Parola
- Department of Humanities, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Parola A, Rossi A, Tessitore F, Troisi G, Mannarini S. Mental Health Through the COVID-19 Quarantine: A Growth Curve Analysis on Italian Young Adults. Front Psychol 2020; 11:567484. [PMID: 33132973 PMCID: PMC7566042 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.567484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Health emergencies, such as epidemics, have detrimental and long-lasting consequences on people's mental health, which are higher during the implementation of strict lockdown measures. Despite several recent psychological researches on the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic highlighting that young adults represent a high risk category, no studies specifically focused on young adults' mental health status have been carried out yet. This study aimed to assess and monitor Italian young adults' mental health status during the first 4 weeks of lockdown through the use of a longitudinal panel design. METHODS Participants (n = 97) provided self-reports in four time intervals (1-week intervals) in 1 month. The Syndromic Scales of Adult Self-Report 18-59 were used to assess the internalizing problems (anxiety/depression, withdrawn, and somatic complaints), externalizing problems (aggressive, rule-breaking, and intrusive behavior), and personal strengths. To determine the time-varying effects of prolonged quarantine, a growth curve modeling will be performed. RESULTS The results showed an increase in anxiety/depression, withdrawal, somatic complaints, aggressive behavior, rule-breaking behavior, and internalizing and externalizing problems and a decrease in intrusive behavior and personal strengths from T1 to T4. CONCLUSIONS The results contributed to the ongoing debate concerning the psychological impact of the COVID-19 emergency, helping to plan and develop efficient intervention projects able to take care of young adults' mental health in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Parola
- Department of Humanities, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rossi
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education and Applied Psychology, Section of Applied Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Family Research, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Gina Troisi
- Department of Humanities, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Mannarini
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education and Applied Psychology, Section of Applied Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Family Research, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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Abstract
Severe mental health disparities exist in the United States, with reduced access to community-based care and poorer recovery outcomes associated with people of color, women, and lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender individuals. One strategy to reduce these disparities is to incorporate the perspectives of mental health consumers and their families into care planning and delivery. Successful integration of personal experience with evidence-based interventions can help reduce stigma and improve retention in care. To leverage public policy to reduce mental health disparities, New York City has launched ThriveNYC, the nation's largest municipal-level investment in mental health.
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Tan GTH, Shahwan S, Goh CMJ, Ong WJ, Samari E, Abdin E, Kwok KW, Chong SA, Subramaniam M. Causal beliefs of mental illness and its impact on help-seeking attitudes: a cross-sectional study among university students in Singapore. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e035818. [PMID: 32723737 PMCID: PMC7389507 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A considerable proportion of those who suffer from mental illnesses in Singapore do not seek any form of professional help. The reluctance to seek professional help could be due to misconceptions about the causes of mental illnesses. Research has shown that help-seeking attitudes can predict actual service use. As young adults are most at risk of developing mental illnesses, this study aims to elucidate the impact of causal beliefs about mental illness on help-seeking attitudes among university students in Singapore. DESIGN Prior to attending an anti-stigma intervention, data on the Causal Beliefs about Mental Illness, Inventory of Attitudes towards Seeking Mental Health services and questions pertaining to sociodemographic background were collected from participants using a self-administered questionnaire. Multiple linear regressions were performed to examine the relationship between causal beliefs and help-seeking, as well as their sociodemographic correlates. SETTINGS A university in Singapore. PARTICIPANTS 390 students who were studying in a University in Singapore. RESULTS Younger age was associated with higher scores on psychosocial attribution, while prior social contact with individuals with mental illness was significantly associated with lower scores on personality attribution. With regard to help-seeking attitudes; being a male and personality attribution were significantly associated with lower scores on 'Psychological Openness' and 'Indifference to Stigma', while psychosocial attribution was significantly associated with higher scores on 'Help-seeking Propensity'. Having prior social contact also predicted higher 'Psychological Openness', while being in Year 2 and 3 predicted lower scores on 'Indifference to Stigma'. CONCLUSION Findings from this study suggest that help-seeking attitudes might be influenced by causal beliefs, with personality attribution being the most impairing. Hence, to reduce the wide treatment gap in Singapore, anti-stigma interventions targeting young people could focus on addressing beliefs that attribute mental illness to the personality of the individual.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Wei Jie Ong
- Research, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore
| | | | | | - Kian Woon Kwok
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Division of Sociology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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41
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Adams B, Vallières F, Duncan JA, Higgins A, Eaton J. Stakeholder perspectives of Community Mental Health Forums: a qualitative study in Sierra Leone. Int J Ment Health Syst 2020; 14:50. [PMID: 32670401 PMCID: PMC7350667 DOI: 10.1186/s13033-020-00382-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mental health is the leading cause of disability worldwide. In the wake of both a civil war and an Ebola outbreak, Sierra Leone ranks as one of the lowest ranked countries on the Human Development Index (UNDP. Human Development Report 2015, Work for Human Development. The United Nations Development Programme; 2015). The WHO identified Sierra Leone among its priority countries for the piloting of its Mental Health Gap Action Programme (mhGAP). Aligned to these efforts, CBM and their affiliated partners employed the use of Community Mental Health Forums (CMHFs), facilitated by Mental Health Nurses (MHNs), as a sensitive and practical way of engaging key community stakeholders to discuss and address issues of mental health. This study sought firstly, to identify factors that affect the successful implementation of CMHFs, as identified by programme participants. Second, the study sought to identify what changes participants perceived as having taken place as a result of their participation in CMHFs. Methods 10 MHNs and 52 forum participants were purposely selected to take part in key informant interviews and focus group discussions, conducted across eight districts in Sierra Leone. Interview transcripts were analysed across four rounds of coding, using a mixture of deductive and inductive approaches. Results Results identified three themes, Traditional Beliefs and Culture; Health System; and Inclusive Approaches as affecting the implementation of CMHFs in their districts. Participants further perceived that their participation in the Community Mental Health Forums resulted in changes taking place across the themes of Awareness and beliefs, Behaviours towards people experiencing psychological distress, and as leading to greater Collaboration and cooperation between formal and informal mental health practitioners. Conclusions Results are discussed in the context of the extant literature and a novel framework, that incorporates multiple best practice recommendations and factors which influence the successful implementation of CMHFs is put forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Adams
- School of Nursing and Midwifery/Trinity Centre for Global Health, Trinity College Dublin and CBM Global, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | - Agnes Higgins
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Julian Eaton
- Centre for Global Mental Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and CBM Global, London, UK
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42
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Mannarini S, Rossi A, Munari C. How do education and experience with mental illness interact with causal beliefs, eligible treatments and stigmatising attitudes towards schizophrenia? A comparison between mental health professionals, psychology students, relatives and patients. BMC Psychiatry 2020; 20:167. [PMID: 32295581 PMCID: PMC7161111 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-02580-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The main purpose of this study was to investigate the perception of schizophrenia in different categories of persons (directly and/or indirectly) involved with it. Hypotheses were made concerning the definition of a multi-class structure where each class should identify a profile characteristic of each respondent's specific role, (e.g.: mental health professional, relative, patient, and student) and specific indicators of schizophrenia (e.g.: causal beliefs, eligible treatments, social distance, perceived dangerousness and public avoidance). METHODS This study involved 577 participants all in contact with schizophrenia with different roles. A Latent Class Analysis (LCA) was applied to define a latent structure of schizophrenia aspects. Such structure was expected be affected by the interaction between respondents' roles, as external variable, and schizophrenia indicators as manifest variables. RESULTS A four-latent-class structure representing the four respondents' roles was evidenced, further each class was characterized by schizophrenia indicators representing a profile for each role. Analogies and differences of views and preferences of the respondents' roles concerning schizophrenia emerged clearly. CONCLUSIONS The four groups of people involved with schizophrenia with different roles demonstrated to interact significantly with specific indicators of schizophrenia shedding new lights on the understanding of schizophrenia in its complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Mannarini
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education, and Applied Psychology, Section of Applied Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy. .,Interdepartmental Center for Family Research, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Rossi
- grid.5608.b0000 0004 1757 3470Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education, and Applied Psychology, Section of Applied Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy ,grid.5608.b0000 0004 1757 3470Interdepartmental Center for Family Research, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Cristina Munari
- grid.5608.b0000 0004 1757 3470Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education, and Applied Psychology, Section of Applied Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy ,grid.5608.b0000 0004 1757 3470Interdepartmental Center for Family Research, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Ibrahim N, Mohd Safien A, Siau CS, Shahar S. The Effectiveness of a Depression Literacy Program on Stigma and Mental Help-Seeking Among Adolescents in Malaysia: A Control Group Study With 3-Month Follow-Up. INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing 2020; 57:46958020902332. [PMID: 32009506 PMCID: PMC7288814 DOI: 10.1177/0046958020902332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effectiveness of a depression literacy program on
depression literacy, mental health stigma, and help-seeking attitude among
adolescents with a monthly household income of RM3900 a month or less (B40) in
Malaysia. The program included a lecture, mental awareness activities, and a
short video on depression. Residents from a boarding school for lower income
families were involved in this study (N = 101); 53 of them underwent the program
and another 48 served as the control group. There were significant improvements
for all variables in the intervention group (better depression literacy, reduced
self-stigma, reduced negative beliefs on mental health, and increased
help-seeking) at posttest. However, the results were sustained at 3-month
follow-up only for the depression literacy, mental help-seeking attitude, and
self-stigma of seeking help variables when compared with the control group. The
findings highlight the need to improve the program to enhance the effectiveness
and sustainability of the outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Suzana Shahar
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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44
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Gallego J, Cangas AJ, Aguilar JM, Trigueros R, Navarro N, Galván B, Smyshnov K, Gregg M. Education Students' Stigma Toward Mental Health Problems: A Cross-Cultural Comparison. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:587321. [PMID: 33250795 PMCID: PMC7676434 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.587321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the main obstacles to integrating individuals with severe mental disorders into society today is the stigma directed at them. Although breakthroughs in treatment have been made in recent years, many professionals continue to admit that they do not possess enough training to combat this problem. Considering this situation, the present study analyzes the existing stigma among University Education students in three countries with different education systems and cultures, namely Spain, Russia, and Canada. A total of 1,542 students from these three countries participated in the study. ANOVA, MANOVA, and Multigroup Confirmatory Factor Analysis were applied in the data analysis. The results showed that the highest rates of stigma were in Spain and the lowest were in Canada, while Russia displayed intermediate values. This work addresses the relevance of these results, the influence that cultural difference may have on education policies, and the need to implement anti-stigma programs in countries like Spain, which has a relatively high level of social stigma and where these programs are practically not applied at all.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Gallego
- Department of Education, Health Research Centre, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Adolfo J Cangas
- Department of Psychology, Health Research Centre, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - José M Aguilar
- Department of Psychology, Health Research Centre, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Rubén Trigueros
- Department of Psychology, Health Research Centre, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Noelia Navarro
- Department of Psychology, Health Research Centre, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Blanca Galván
- Department of Psychology, Health Research Centre, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Konstantin Smyshnov
- Faculty of Physical Culture, North-Caucasian Federal University, Stavropol, Russia
| | - Melanie Gregg
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Health, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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45
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Krause LA, Harris SL. Get online to support wellbeing of graduate students. eLife 2019; 8:53178. [PMID: 31718775 PMCID: PMC6853635 DOI: 10.7554/elife.53178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Universities should use online resources to help graduate students who are struggling with their mental health to access appropriate support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liesl A Krause
- Department of Technology Leadership and Innovation, Purdue University Polytechnic Institute, West Lafayette, United States
| | - Susanna L Harris
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States
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