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Gui Y, Wei Q, Shi Y, Zhang Y, Shi H, Xiao X. Prenatal maternal stress, sleep quality, and neonatal birth weight: A prospective cohort study. Stress Health 2024; 40:e3419. [PMID: 38717279 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024]
Abstract
To assess if the impacts of prenatal maternal stress (PNMS) on neonatal physical development including birth weight and body length vary by trimesters, and to explore the mediating effect of sleep quality in the relationships. A total of 2778 pregnant women were included from the Shanghai Maternal-Child Pairs Cohort. PNMS and sleep quality were measured in the first trimester (12-16 gestational weeks) and third trimester (32-36 gestational weeks) using the Life Event Scale for Pregnant Women (LESPW) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, respectively. And total LESPW scores were classified into three groups: high stress (≥75th percentile), medium stress (≥25th and <75th percentile), and low stress (<25th percentile). Multiple linear and logistic regressions were employed to examine the associations between PNMS and birth weight, and bootstrap were utilized to explore the mediating effects of maternal sleep. Higher (adjusted odds ratio, aOR = 1.521; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.104-2.096) and medium (aOR = 1.421; 95% CI, 1.071-1.885) PNMS and stress from subjective events (aOR = 1.334; 95% CI, 1.076-1.654) in the first trimester were significantly associated with elevated risk for large for gestational age. Maternal severe negative objective events stress (OE3) in the third trimester were negatively associated with birth weight (β = -0.667; 95% CI, -1.047∼-0.287), and maternal sleep latency during this period acted as a mediator in the association (indirect effect: β = -0.0144; 95% CI, -0.0427∼-0.0003). Besides, a significant negative correlation between total LESPW score (β = -0.022; 95% CI, -0.038∼-0.006; per 100 score) and body length in the third trimester was also observed. The impact of PNMS on neonatal birth weight varies by stress types and exposure timing. Prolonged maternal sleep latency in the third trimester correlated with lower birth weight, and mediating the link of OE3 and birth weight, which might indicate a critical period of vulnerability to the effects of PNMS on neonatal physical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyan Gui
- Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Wei
- Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuyang Shi
- Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunhui Zhang
- Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huijing Shi
- Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xirong Xiao
- Department of Obstetrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Messa RM, Benfica MA, Ribeiro LFP, Williams CM, Davidson SRE, Alves ES. The effect of total sleep deprivation on autonomic nervous system and cortisol responses to acute stressors in healthy individuals: A systematic review. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2024; 168:107114. [PMID: 38991306 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2024.107114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To synthesise the literature examining the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and cortisol responses to an acute stressor following total sleep deprivation (TSD) in healthy adult subjects. METHODS We conducted a systematic review (CRD42022293857) following the latest PRISMA statement. We searched Medline (via Ovid), Embase (via Ovid), PsycINFO (via Ovid), CINAHL complete and Scopus databases, without year restriction, using search terms related to "sleep deprivation", "stress", "autonomic nervous system" and "cortisol". Two independent team members used pre-defined inclusion/exclusion criteria to assess eligibility and extract data. We used RoB 2 to assess the risk of bias in randomised controlled trials, and ROBINS-I for non-randomised studies. RESULTS Sixteen studies, with 581 participants (mean age = 29 ± 12 years), were eligible for inclusion in the descriptive syntheses. Half of the studies (n = 8) were conducted in the United States of America. The most commonly used study designs were randomised crossover studies (n = 7) and randomised controlled trials (n = 5). Most studies used a single night of TSD (n = 13) which was followed by a psychological (n = 6), physical (n = 5) or psychological and physical (n = 5) acute stressor event. Heart rate (n = 8), cortisol (n = 7) and blood pressure (n =6) were the most reported outcomes, while only a single study used forearm vascular conductance and forearm blood flow. Ten studies found that TSD changed, at least, one marker of ANS or cortisol response. TSD compared with a sleep control condition increased cortisol level (n=1), systolic blood pressure (n=3), diastolic blood pressure (n=2), mean arterial pressure (n=1), and electrodermal activity (n=1) after acute stress. Also, compared with a sleep control, TSD blunted cortisol (n=2), heart rate (n=1) and systolic blood pressure (n=2) responses after acute stress. However, TSD did not change ANS or cortisol responses to acute stressors in 73 % of the total reported outcomes. Furthermore, 10 RCT studies (62.5 %) were assigned as "some concerns" and two RCT studies (12.5 %) were attributed "high" risk of bias. Additionally, one non-randomised trial was classified as "moderate" and three non-randomised trials as "serious" risk of bias. CONCLUSION The markers of ANS and cortisol responses to acute stress after TSD in healthy individuals reveal a scarcity of consistent evidence. The included studies present enough evidence that TSD induces either blunted or exaggerated ANS or cortisol responses to laboratory stresses supporting the "bidirectional multi-system reactivity hypothesis.". It appears that a comprehensive understanding of this phenomenon still lacks robust evidence, and further research is needed to clarify these relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rozianne M Messa
- Post Graduation Program in Health Sciences (PPGCS), Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, BA, Brazil; Grupo de Estudos em Psicofisiologia do Esforço Físico (GEPEF), Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil.
| | - Mateus A Benfica
- Post Graduation Program in Health Sciences (PPGCS), Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, BA, Brazil; Grupo de Estudos em Psicofisiologia do Esforço Físico (GEPEF), Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil.
| | - Luiz F P Ribeiro
- Grupo de Estudos em Psicofisiologia do Esforço Físico (GEPEF), Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil.
| | - Christopher M Williams
- University Centre for Rural Health, Uralba St, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia; School of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Missenden Rd, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia; Research and Knowledge Translation Directorate, Mid North Coast Local Health District, PO Box 126, Port Macquarie, NSW 2444, Australia.
| | - Simon R E Davidson
- University Centre for Rural Health, Uralba St, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia; School of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Missenden Rd, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia; Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Locked Bag 10, Wallsend, NSW 2287, Australia.
| | - Eduardo S Alves
- Post Graduation Program in Health Sciences (PPGCS), Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, BA, Brazil; Grupo de Estudos em Psicofisiologia do Esforço Físico (GEPEF), Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil; University Centre for Rural Health, Uralba St, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia; School of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Missenden Rd, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia.
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Melcer T, Zouris J, MacGregor A, Crouch D, Sheu R, Galarneau M. Outpatient Prescriptions for Insomnia Medications During the First Year Following Combat-Related Amputations. Mil Med 2024; 189:67-75. [PMID: 39160813 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usae041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sleep-related disorders are associated with pain, fatigue, and deficits in cognitive performance, which may interfere with successful rehabilitation. The study objectives were to (1) quantify outpatient prescriptions for insomnia medications during the first year following combat-related amputations, (2) examine longitudinal changes in prescriptions for insomnia medications, and (3) analyze patient characteristics associated with prescriptions for insomnia medications. MATERIAL AND METHODS This was a retrospective study of DoD casualty records from the Expeditionary Medical Encounter Dataset and prescriptions for outpatient medications from the Pharmacy Data Transaction Service. Patients were a total of 1,651 U.S. service members who sustained major limb amputations in Operations Iraqi and Enduring Freedom from 2001 through 2017 and had outpatient prescriptions for any medication during the first year postinjury. Prescriptions for medications recommended for insomnia were low-dose antidepressants, anxiolytic sedatives, benzodiazepines, melatonin receptor agonist, and low-dose quetiapine. These prescription medications were analyzed by medication type, postinjury time, and patient characteristics during the first year postinjury. RESULTS During the first year postinjury, 78% of patients (1,291 of 1,651) had outpatient prescriptions for insomnia medications, primarily anxiolytic sedative drugs (e.g., zolpidem), averaging a total of 86 prescription days (median = 66). The prevalence of these prescriptions declined substantially during the first year, from 57% of patients during the first quarter to 28% during the fourth quarter postinjury. In univariate analyses, multiple patient characteristics, including high Injury Severity Score, continued opioid and non-opioid analgesic prescriptions, and diagnoses of chronic pain, mood disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder, were significantly associated with higher prevalence and duration of outpatient prescriptions for insomnia medications. CONCLUSIONS The present results indicate a high prevalence of outpatient prescriptions for insomnia medications following combat-related amputations, a prevalence that is substantially higher than previously reported among active duty personnel. These findings can inform DVA/DoD guidelines for amputation care and insomnia among military subpopulations. The results highlight the need for more research on the treatment of insomnia during early postinjury rehabilitation among patients who sustained serious combat injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ted Melcer
- Epidemiology and Data Management Support, Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, CA 92106-3521, USA
| | - James Zouris
- Epidemiology and Data Management Support, Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, CA 92106-3521, USA
| | - Andrew MacGregor
- Epidemiology and Data Management Support, Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, CA 92106-3521, USA
| | - Daniel Crouch
- Epidemiology and Data Management Support, Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, CA 92106-3521, USA
| | - Robert Sheu
- Comprehensive Combat and Complex Casualty Care, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, CA 92134, USA
| | - Michael Galarneau
- Epidemiology and Data Management Support, Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, CA 92106-3521, USA
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Bu Y, Burks J, Yang K, Prince J, Borna A, Coe CL, Simmons A, Tu XM, Baker D, Kimball D, Rao R, Shah V, Huang M, Schwindt P, Coleman TP, Lerman I. Non-invasive ventral cervical magnetoneurography as a proxy of in vivo lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation. Commun Biol 2024; 7:893. [PMID: 39075164 PMCID: PMC11286963 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06435-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of autonomic homeostasis is continuously calibrated by sensory fibers of the vagus nerve and sympathetic chain that convey compound action potentials (CAPs) to the central nervous system. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) intravenous challenge reliably elicits a robust inflammatory response that can resemble systemic inflammation and acute endotoxemia. Here, we administered LPS intravenously in nine healthy subjects while recording ventral cervical magnetoneurography (vcMNG)-derived CAPs at the rostral Right Nodose Ganglion (RNG) and the caudal Right Carotid Artery (RCA) with optically pumped magnetometers (OPM). We observed vcMNG RNG and RCA neural firing rates that tracked changes in TNF-α levels in the systemic circulation. Further, endotype subgroups based on high and low IL-6 responders segregate RNG CAP frequency (at 30-120 min) and based on high and low IL-10 response discriminate RCA CAP frequency (at 0-30 min). These vcMNG tools may enhance understanding and management of the neuroimmune axis that can guide personalized treatment based on an individual's distinct endophenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Bu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jamison Burks
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Kun Yang
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jacob Prince
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Amir Borna
- Quantum Information Sciences, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, 87123, USA
| | - Christopher L Coe
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Alan Simmons
- Center for Stress and Mental Health (CESAMH) VA San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Xin M Tu
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Dewleen Baker
- Center for Stress and Mental Health (CESAMH) VA San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Donald Kimball
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Ramesh Rao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Vishal Shah
- Quspin Laboratory Head Quarters, Boulder, CO, 80305, USA
| | - Mingxiong Huang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Peter Schwindt
- Quantum Information Sciences, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, 87123, USA
| | - Todd P Coleman
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Imanuel Lerman
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- Center for Stress and Mental Health (CESAMH) VA San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- InflammaSense Incorporated Head Quarters, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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Seizer L, Schubert C. How stable are psychoneuroimmune effects over time? Brain Behav Immun 2024; 119:272-274. [PMID: 38599499 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lennart Seizer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Germany.
| | - Christian Schubert
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics and Medical Psychology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Gheorghe CE, Leigh SJ, Tofani GSS, Bastiaanssen TFS, Lyte JM, Gardellin E, Govindan A, Strain C, Martinez-Herrero S, Goodson MS, Kelley-Loughnane N, Cryan JF, Clarke G. The microbiota drives diurnal rhythms in tryptophan metabolism in the stressed gut. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114079. [PMID: 38613781 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress disrupts microbiota-gut-brain axis function and is associated with altered tryptophan metabolism, impaired gut barrier function, and disrupted diurnal rhythms. However, little is known about the effects of acute stress on the gut and how it is influenced by diurnal physiology. Here, we used germ-free and antibiotic-depleted mice to understand how microbiota-dependent oscillations in tryptophan metabolism would alter gut barrier function at baseline and in response to an acute stressor. Cecal metabolomics identified tryptophan metabolism as most responsive to a 15-min acute stressor, while shotgun metagenomics revealed that most bacterial species exhibiting rhythmicity metabolize tryptophan. Our findings highlight that the gastrointestinal response to acute stress is dependent on the time of day and the microbiome, with a signature of stress-induced functional alterations in the ileum and altered tryptophan metabolism in the colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra E Gheorghe
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 CY82 Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, T12 CY82 Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, T12 CY82 Cork, Ireland
| | - Sarah-Jane Leigh
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 CY82 Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, T12 CY82 Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, T12 CY82 Cork, Ireland
| | - Gabriel S S Tofani
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 CY82 Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, T12 CY82 Cork, Ireland
| | - Thomaz F S Bastiaanssen
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 CY82 Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, T12 CY82 Cork, Ireland
| | - Joshua M Lyte
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 CY82 Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, T12 CY82 Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, T12 CY82 Cork, Ireland
| | - Elisa Gardellin
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 CY82 Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, T12 CY82 Cork, Ireland
| | - Ashokkumar Govindan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 CY82 Cork, Ireland; Teagasc Moorepark Food Research Centre, Fermoy Co, P61 C996 Cork, Ireland
| | - Conall Strain
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 CY82 Cork, Ireland; Teagasc Moorepark Food Research Centre, Fermoy Co, P61 C996 Cork, Ireland
| | - Sonia Martinez-Herrero
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 CY82 Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, T12 CY82 Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, T12 CY82 Cork, Ireland
| | - Michael S Goodson
- 711th Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH 45324, USA
| | - Nancy Kelley-Loughnane
- 711th Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH 45324, USA
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 CY82 Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, T12 CY82 Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard Clarke
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 CY82 Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, T12 CY82 Cork, Ireland.
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Sigrist C, Jakob H, Beeretz CJ, Schmidt SJ, Kaess M, Koenig J. Diurnal variation of cardiac autonomic activity in adolescent non-suicidal self-injury. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024; 274:609-628. [PMID: 36871247 PMCID: PMC10995014 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-023-01574-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Heart rate (HR) and vagally mediated heart rate variability (HRV) are two distinct biomarkers of cardiac autonomic activity. Decreased cardiac vagal activity (or decreased HRV) in particular has been linked with impairments in the functional flexibility of the central autonomic network (CAN), resulting in impaired stress and emotion regulatory capacities. Decreased HRV is widely used as trait marker of psychopathology. Repetitive engagement in non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in adolescence correlates with both deficits in stress and emotion regulation, as well as decreased HRV. Existing research has, however, focused on short-term recordings of HR and HRV under resting and phasic conditions. In this study, we examined whether diurnal variation of cardiac autonomic activity, indexed by cosinor parameters of HR and HRV derived from 48 h of ambulatory ECG recording under natural conditions over a weekend, are altered in female adolescents with NSSI disorder compared to controls (HC; N = 30 per study group). Several important confounds, including physical activity, were controlled for. Female adolescents with NSSI show higher rhythm-adjusted 24 h mean levels and greater respective amplitude of HR, as well as lower rhythm-adjusted 24 h mean levels and smaller respective amplitude of HRV. Peak levels in both HR and HRV in the NSSI group were reached approximately 1 h later compared to HC. Severity of exposure to early life maltreatment might be linked with altered amplitudes of 24 h HR and HRV. Diurnal rhythms of cardiac autonomic activity might hold promise as objective indicators of disordered stress and emotion regulation in developmental psychopathology, and as such should be investigated in future studies with rigorous assessment and control of potential confounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Sigrist
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinic and Policlinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Hannah Jakob
- Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph J Beeretz
- Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefanie J Schmidt
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael Kaess
- Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Julian Koenig
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinic and Policlinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Zhu X, Maier G, Panda S. Learning from circadian rhythm to transform cancer prevention, prognosis, and survivorship care. Trends Cancer 2024; 10:196-207. [PMID: 38001006 PMCID: PMC10939944 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Circadian timekeeping mechanisms and cell cycle regulation share thematic biological principles in responding to signals, repairing cellular damage, coordinating metabolism, and allocating cellular resources for optimal function. Recent studies show interactions between cell cycle regulators and circadian clock components, offering insights into potential cancer treatment approaches. Understanding circadian control of metabolism informs timing for therapies to reduce adverse effects and enhance treatment efficacy. Circadian adaptability to lifestyle factors, such as activity, sleep, and nutrition sheds light on their impact on cancer. Leveraging circadian regulatory mechanisms for cancer prevention and care is vital, as most risk stems from modifiable lifestyles. Monitoring circadian factors aids risk assessment and targeted interventions across the cancer care continuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zhu
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Geraldine Maier
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Nicolaides NC, Kanaka-Gantenbein C, Pervanidou P. Developmental Neuroendocrinology of Early-Life Stress: Impact on Child Development and Behavior. Curr Neuropharmacol 2024; 22:461-474. [PMID: 37563814 PMCID: PMC10845081 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230810162344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Our internal balance, or homeostasis, is threatened or perceived as threatened by stressful stimuli, the stressors. The stress system is a highly conserved system that adjusts homeostasis to the resting state. Through the concurrent activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the locus coeruleus/norepinephrine-autonomic nervous systems, the stress system provides the appropriate physical and behavioral responses, collectively termed as "stress response", to restore homeostasis. If the stress response is prolonged, excessive or even inadequate, several acute or chronic stress-related pathologic conditions may develop in childhood, adolescence and adult life. On the other hand, earlylife exposure to stressors has been recognized as a major contributing factor underlying the pathogenesis of non-communicable disorders, including neurodevelopmental disorders. Accumulating evidence suggests that early-life stress has been associated with an increased risk for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder in the offspring, although findings are still controversial. Nevertheless, at the molecular level, early-life stressors alter the chemical structure of cytosines located in the regulatory regions of genes, mostly through the addition of methyl groups. These epigenetic modifications result in the suppression of gene expression without changing the DNA sequence. In addition to DNA methylation, several lines of evidence support the role of non-coding RNAs in the evolving field of epigenetics. In this review article, we present the anatomical and functional components of the stress system, discuss the proper, in terms of quality and quantity, stress response, and provide an update on the impact of early-life stress on child development and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas C. Nicolaides
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children's Hospital, Athens, 11527, Greece
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, 11527, Greece
- School of Medicine, University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Function and Therapy, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Christina Kanaka-Gantenbein
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children's Hospital, Athens, 11527, Greece
| | - Panagiota Pervanidou
- Unit of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, First Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Aghia Sophia” Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Gilgoff R, Mengelkoch S, Elbers J, Kotz K, Radin A, Pasumarthi I, Murthy R, Sindher S, Harris NB, Slavich GM. The Stress Phenotyping Framework: A multidisciplinary biobehavioral approach for assessing and therapeutically targeting maladaptive stress physiology. Stress 2024; 27:2327333. [PMID: 38711299 PMCID: PMC11219250 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2024.2327333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Although dysregulated stress biology is becoming increasingly recognized as a key driver of lifelong disparities in chronic disease, we presently have no validated biomarkers of toxic stress physiology; no biological, behavioral, or cognitive treatments specifically focused on normalizing toxic stress processes; and no agreed-upon guidelines for treating stress in the clinic or evaluating the efficacy of interventions that seek to reduce toxic stress and improve human functioning. We address these critical issues by (a) systematically describing key systems and mechanisms that are dysregulated by stress; (b) summarizing indicators, biomarkers, and instruments for assessing stress response systems; and (c) highlighting therapeutic approaches that can be used to normalize stress-related biopsychosocial functioning. We also present a novel multidisciplinary Stress Phenotyping Framework that can bring stress researchers and clinicians one step closer to realizing the goal of using precision medicine-based approaches to prevent and treat stress-associated health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Gilgoff
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Summer Mengelkoch
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jorina Elbers
- Trauma recovery Program, HeartMath Institute, Boulder Creek, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Isha Pasumarthi
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Reanna Murthy
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Sayantani Sindher
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | | | - George M. Slavich
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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11
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Palamarchuk IS, Slavich GM, Vaillancourt T, Rajji TK. Stress-related cellular pathophysiology as a crosstalk risk factor for neurocognitive and psychiatric disorders. BMC Neurosci 2023; 24:65. [PMID: 38087196 PMCID: PMC10714507 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-023-00831-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In this narrative review, we examine biological processes linking psychological stress and cognition, with a focus on how psychological stress can activate multiple neurobiological mechanisms that drive cognitive decline and behavioral change. First, we describe the general neurobiology of the stress response to define neurocognitive stress reactivity. Second, we review aspects of epigenetic regulation, synaptic transmission, sex hormones, photoperiodic plasticity, and psychoneuroimmunological processes that can contribute to cognitive decline and neuropsychiatric conditions. Third, we explain mechanistic processes linking the stress response and neuropathology. Fourth, we discuss molecular nuances such as an interplay between kinases and proteins, as well as differential role of sex hormones, that can increase vulnerability to cognitive and emotional dysregulation following stress. Finally, we explicate several testable hypotheses for stress, neurocognitive, and neuropsychiatric research. Together, this work highlights how stress processes alter neurophysiology on multiple levels to increase individuals' risk for neurocognitive and psychiatric disorders, and points toward novel therapeutic targets for mitigating these effects. The resulting models can thus advance dementia and mental health research, and translational neuroscience, with an eye toward clinical application in cognitive and behavioral neurology, and psychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iryna S Palamarchuk
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 1001 Queen Street West, Toronto, ON, M6J1H4, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Division of Neurology, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, Toronto Dementia Research Alliance, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - George M Slavich
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tracy Vaillancourt
- Counselling Psychology, Faculty of Education, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Tarek K Rajji
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 1001 Queen Street West, Toronto, ON, M6J1H4, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, Toronto Dementia Research Alliance, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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12
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Meira E Cruz M. Modulatory mechanisms of cannabinoids as a window of hope to patients with sleep-related cardiometabolic risk. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115721. [PMID: 37852101 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Meira E Cruz
- Sleep Unit, Centro Cardiovascular da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon School of Medicine, Lisbon, Portugal; Centro Europeu do Sono, Lisbon, Portugal.
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13
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Lempesis IG, Georgakopoulou VE, Papalexis P, Chrousos GP, Spandidos DA. Role of stress in the pathogenesis of cancer (Review). Int J Oncol 2023; 63:124. [PMID: 37711028 PMCID: PMC10552722 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2023.5572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress is a state of disrupted homeostasis, triggered by intrinsic or extrinsic factors, the stressors, which are counteracted by various physiological and behavioural adaptive responses. Stress has been linked to cancer development and incidence for decades; however, epidemiological studies and clinical trials have yielded contradictory results. The present review discusses the effects of stress on cancer development and the various underlying mechanisms. Animal studies have revealed a clear link between stress and cancer progression, revealing molecular, cellular and endocrine processes that are implicated in these effects. Thus, stress hormones, their receptor systems and their intracellular molecular pathways mediate the effects of stress on cancer initiation, progression and the development of metastases. The mechanisms linking stress and cancer progression can either be indirect, mediated by changes in the cancer microenvironment or immune system dysregulation, or direct, through the binding of neuroendocrine stress‑related signalling molecules to cancer cell receptors. Stress affects numerous anti‑ and pro‑cancer immune system components, including host resistance to metastasis, tumour retention and/or immune suppression. Chronic psychological stress through the elevation of catecholamine levels may increase cancer cell death resistance. On the whole, stress is linked to cancer development and incidence, with psychological stressors playing a crucial role. Animal studies have revealed a better link than human ones, with stress‑related hormones influencing tumour development, migration, invasion and cell proliferation. Randomized controlled trials are required to further evaluate the long‑term cancer outcomes of stress and its management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis G. Lempesis
- Department of Infectious Diseases-COVID-19 Unit, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Department of Pathophysiology, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Epameinondas Georgakopoulou
- Department of Infectious Diseases-COVID-19 Unit, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Department of Pathophysiology, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Petros Papalexis
- Unit of Endocrinology, First Department of Internal Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios P. Chrousos
- Clinical, Translational and Experimental Surgery Research Centre, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine and UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Demetrios A. Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
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14
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Alexa AI, Zamfir CL, Bogdănici CM, Oancea A, Maștaleru A, Abdulan IM, Brănișteanu DC, Ciobîcă A, Balmuș M, Stratulat-Alexa T, Ciuntu RE, Severin F, Mocanu M, Leon MM. The Impact of Chronic Stress on Behavior and Body Mass in New Animal Models. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1492. [PMID: 37891859 PMCID: PMC10605805 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13101492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Exposure to different sources of stress can have a significant effect on both psychological and physical processes. (2) Methods: The study took place over a period of 34 days and included a total of 40 animals. Regarding the exposure to chronic stressors, we opted for physiological, non-invasive stressors, e.g., running, swimming, and changes in the intensity of light. An unforeseen stress batch was also created that alternated all these stress factors. The animals were divided into five experimental groups, each consisting of eight individuals. In the context of conducting the open field test for behavioral assessment before and after stress exposure, we aimed to investigate the impact of stress exposure on the affective traits of the animals. We also monitored body mass every two days. (3) Results: The control group exhibited an average increase in weight of approximately 30%. The groups exposed to stress factors showed slower growth rates, the lowest being the running group, recording a rate of 20.55%, and the unpredictable stress group at 24.02%. The anxious behavior intensified in the group with unforeseen stress, in the one with light variations, and in the running group. (4) Conclusions: Our research validates the animal model of intermittent light exposure during the dark phase as a novel method of inducing stress. The modification of some anxiety parameters was observed; they vary according to the type of stress. Body mass was found to increase in all groups, especially in the sedentary groups, likely due to the absence of cognitive, spatial, and social stimuli except for cohabitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anisia Iuliana Alexa
- Department of Surgery II, Discipline of Ophthalmology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.I.A.); (C.M.B.); (D.C.B.); (R.E.C.)
| | - Carmen Lăcrămioara Zamfir
- Department of Morpho-Funcțional Sciences I, Discipline of Histology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Camelia Margareta Bogdănici
- Department of Surgery II, Discipline of Ophthalmology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.I.A.); (C.M.B.); (D.C.B.); (R.E.C.)
| | - Andra Oancea
- Department of Medical Specialties I, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.M.); (I.M.A.); (M.M.L.)
| | - Alexandra Maștaleru
- Department of Medical Specialties I, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.M.); (I.M.A.); (M.M.L.)
| | - Irina Mihaela Abdulan
- Department of Medical Specialties I, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.M.); (I.M.A.); (M.M.L.)
| | - Daniel Constantin Brănișteanu
- Department of Surgery II, Discipline of Ophthalmology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.I.A.); (C.M.B.); (D.C.B.); (R.E.C.)
| | - Alin Ciobîcă
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University Iasi, 700505 Iasi, Romania
- Center of Biomedical Research, Romanian Academy, 700506 Iasi, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Str Splaiul Independentei no. 54, Sector 5, 050094 Bucharest, Romania
- Preclinical Department, Apollonia University, Pacurari Street 11, 700511 Iasi, Romania
| | - Miruna Balmuș
- Department of Exact Sciences and Natural Sciences, Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, Alexandru Lapusneanu Street, No. 26, 700057 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Teodora Stratulat-Alexa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Discipline of Oncology-Radiation Therapy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Roxana Elena Ciuntu
- Department of Surgery II, Discipline of Ophthalmology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.I.A.); (C.M.B.); (D.C.B.); (R.E.C.)
| | - Florentina Severin
- Department of Surgery II, Discipline of Oto Rhino Laryngology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Mădălina Mocanu
- Department of Medical Health III, Discipline of Dermatology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Maria Magdalena Leon
- Department of Medical Specialties I, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.M.); (I.M.A.); (M.M.L.)
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15
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Amaral CC, Fernandez MDS, Jansen K, da Silva RA, Boscato N, Goettems ML. Daily screen time, sleep pattern, and probable sleep bruxism in children: A cross-sectional study. Oral Dis 2023; 29:2888-2894. [PMID: 36203372 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of probable sleep bruxism (SB) in children aged 7-8 years and its association with sleep pattern and the time spent using devices with a screen. MATERIAL AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted with children from Pelotas, Brazil (n = 556). Parents/caregivers were interviewed and provided demographic/socioeconomic information, children's daily screen time, nighttime tooth grinding or clenching, sleep duration and answered the Biological Rhythms Interview for Assessment in Neuropsychiatry for Kids (BRIAN-K-sleep domain). Probable SB was determined based on a positive clinical inspection with/without a positive parental/caregiver's reports of tooth clenching or grinding. Hierarchical Poisson regression was performed. RESULTS The prevalence of probable SB was 15.83% (n = 88). There was no difference in the probable SB prevalence according to the daily screen time (p = 0.744), and low family socioeconomic status was associated with higher SB prevalence (Prevalence Ratio [PR] = 1.95; 95% Confidence Interval [95% CI]: 1.21-3.17; p = 0.006). Higher scores in the sleep domain of the BRIAN-K scale were associated with probable SB [PR = 1.07; 95% CI: 1.01-1.30; p = 0.013]. CONCLUSIONS Difficulties in maintaining sleep and low family socioeconomic status were associated with probable SB in schoolchildren, while screen time spent using devices with a screen was not associated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cássia Cardozo Amaral
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, Brazil
| | | | - Karen Jansen
- Graduate Program in Health & Behavior, Catholic University of Pelotas (UCPel), Pelotas, Brazil
| | | | - Noéli Boscato
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Marília Leão Goettems
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, Brazil
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16
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Simon L, Admon R. From childhood adversity to latent stress vulnerability in adulthood: the mediating roles of sleep disturbances and HPA axis dysfunction. Neuropsychopharmacology 2023; 48:1425-1435. [PMID: 37391592 PMCID: PMC10425434 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-023-01638-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Childhood adversity is a prominent predisposing risk factor for latent stress vulnerability, expressed as an elevated likelihood of developing stress-related psychopathology upon subsequent exposure to trauma in adulthood. Sleep disturbances have emerged as one of the most pronounced maladaptive behavioral outcomes of childhood adversity and are also a highly prevalent core feature of stress-related psychopathology, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). After reviewing the extensive literature supporting these claims, the current review addresses the notion that childhood adversity-induced sleep disturbances may play a causal role in elevating individuals' stress vulnerability in adulthood. Corroborating this, sleep disturbances that predate adult trauma exposure have been associated with an increased likelihood of developing stress-related psychopathology post-exposure. Furthermore, novel empirical evidence suggests that sleep disturbances, including irregularity of the sleep-wake cycle, mediate the link between childhood adversity and stress vulnerability in adulthood. We also discuss cognitive and behavioral mechanisms through which such a cascade may evolve, highlighting the putative role of impaired memory consolidation and fear extinction. Next, we present evidence to support the contribution of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis to these associations, stemming from its critical role in stress and sleep regulatory pathways. Childhood adversity may yield bi-directional effects within the HPA stress and sleep axes in which sleep disturbances and HPA axis dysfunction reinforce each other, leading to elevated stress vulnerability. To conclude, we postulate a conceptual path model from childhood adversity to latent stress vulnerability in adulthood and discuss the potential clinical implications of these notions, while highlighting directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Simon
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Roee Admon
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
- The Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center (IBBRC), University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
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17
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Wang Y, Ma Z, Xu T, Ma Y, Jin L. Exposure to adverse childhood experiences and diabetes: Mediational role of short sleep duration. Prev Med 2023; 174:107643. [PMID: 37494972 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2023.107643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with an increased risk of diabetes in adulthood. However, the potential mediational role of sleep duration in this association is unclear. A total of 116, 014 participants in the United States, from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey in 2020 were involved in the study. The effects of ACE status, different ACEs, and ACE scores on short sleep duration were examined using binary logistic regression analysis, and the association of ACE status, different types of ACEs, and ACE scores with diabetes and the mediating role of short sleep duration were observed. Path analysis was used to investigate short sleep duration as pathways between different types of ACEs and diabetes in adulthood. For the different types of ACEs, alcohol abuse in the household (OR = 1.13, 95%CI 1.08; 1.18), witnessing domestic violence (OR = 1.17, 95%CI 1.11; 1.23), emotional abuse (OR = 1.11, 95%CI 1.06; 1.16), physical abuse (OR = 1.22, 95%CI 1.17; 1.28), sexual abuse (OR = 1.25, 95%CI 1.18; 1.32) and short sleep duration (OR = 1.26, 95%CI 1.21; 1.32) independently increased the odds of diabetes. There was also an indirect relationship between alcohol abuse in the household, witnessing domestic violence, physical abuse, sexual abuse, and diabetes via short sleep duration. Short sleep duration plays a partial mediating role between ACEs and diabetes, including alcohol abuse in the household, witnessing domestic violence, physical and sexual abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun, China.
| | - Zhaoyu Ma
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Liaoning, Shenyang, China.
| | - Tong Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun, China.
| | - Yanan Ma
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Liaoning, Shenyang, China.
| | - Lina Jin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun, China.
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18
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Hao KL, Zhai QC, Gu Y, Chen YQ, Wang YN, Liu R, Yan SP, Wang Y, Shi YF, Lei W, Shen ZY, Xu Y, Hu SJ. Disturbance of suprachiasmatic nucleus function improves cardiac repair after myocardial infarction by IGF2-mediated macrophage transition. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:1612-1624. [PMID: 36747104 PMCID: PMC10374569 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01059-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in mammals functions as the master circadian pacemaker that coordinates temporal organization of physiological processes with the environmental light/dark cycles. But the causative links between SCN and cardiovascular diseases, specifically the reparative responses after myocardial infarction (MI), remain largely unknown. In this study we disrupted mouse SCN function to investigate the role of SCN in cardiac dysfunction post-MI. Bilateral ablation of the SCN (SCNx) was generated in mice by electrical lesion; myocardial infarction was induced via ligation of the mid-left anterior descending artery (LAD); cardiac function was assessed using echocardiography. We showed that SCN ablation significantly alleviated MI-induced cardiac dysfunction and cardiac fibrosis, and promoted angiogenesis. RNA sequencing revealed differentially expressed genes in the heart of SCNx mice from D0 to D3 post-MI, which were functionally associated with the inflammatory response and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction. Notably, the expression levels of insulin-like growth factor 2 (Igf2) in the heart and serum IGF2 concentration were significantly elevated in SCNx mice on D3 post-MI. Stimulation of murine peritoneal macrophages in vitro with serum isolated from SCNx mice on D3 post-MI accelerated the transition of anti-inflammatory macrophages, while antibody-mediated neutralization of IGF2 receptor blocked the macrophage transition toward the anti-inflammatory phenotype in vitro as well as the corresponding cardioprotective effects observed in SCNx mice post-MI. In addition, disruption of mouse SCN function by exposure to a desynchronizing condition (constant light) caused similar protective effects accompanied by elevated IGF2 expression on D3 post-MI. Finally, mice deficient in the circadian core clock genes (Ckm-cre; Bmal1f/f mice or Per1/2 double knockout) did not lead to increased serum IGF2 concentration and showed no protective roles in post-MI, suggesting that the cardioprotective effect observed in this study was mediated particularly by the SCN itself, but not by self-sustained molecular clock. Together, we demonstrate that inhibition of SCN function promotes Igf2 expression, which leads to macrophage transition and improves cardiac repair post-MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Li Hao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Qiao-Cheng Zhai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Cambridge-Su Genomic Resource Center, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yue Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Cambridge-Su Genomic Resource Center, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yue-Qiu Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Ya-Ning Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Rui Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Shi-Ping Yan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Ying Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yu-Fang Shi
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Wei Lei
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China.
| | - Zhen-Ya Shen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China.
| | - Ying Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Cambridge-Su Genomic Resource Center, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Shi-Jun Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China.
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19
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Carbone EA, Menculini G, de Filippis R, D’Angelo M, Zebi L, Steardo L. Sleep Disturbances in Panic Disorder with Comorbid Complex PTSD: A Possible Relationship and Different Psychopathology? Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1636. [PMID: 37629493 PMCID: PMC10455867 DOI: 10.3390/life13081636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have shown the possible link between trauma and sleep disturbances, particularly in anxiety disorders. This issue could be because sympathetic hyperarousal is central to both disorders, probably caused by a dysregulation of the noradrenergic system. This study aimed to establish if the comorbidity with complex post-traumatic stress disorder (cPTSD) is associated with sleep disturbances in panic disorder (PD) and if the presence of poor sleep quality is associated with a higher psychopathological burden. METHODS Participants (N = 211) with PD completed the International Trauma Questionnaire concerning their most troubling experience, the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) to assess anxiety symptoms and sleep disturbances, respectively. RESULTS The sample was divided into two subgroups based on the presence of cPTSD. No significant differences emerged in the bivariate analyses for what concerns sociodemographic features. As for the scores of the psychopathological scales, the analysis highlighted statistically significant differences between the subgroups. Subjects with cPTSD reported significantly higher HAM-A total scores. As for the disturbances in self-organization (DSO) and PSQI scores, these were all significantly higher in the cPTSD subsample. At the logistic regression, the presence of cPTSD was inserted as the dependent variable, while the PSQI scores of the subscales evaluating subjective sleep quality, sleep duration, sleep efficacy, and the use of hypnotics were used as independent variables. The presence of cPTSD was significantly associated with the PSQI subscores for subjective sleep quality and use of hypnotics. CONCLUSIONS Patients with PD exhibit more severe sleep disturbances and a higher anxiety burden when experiencing prolonged trauma. Therapeutic advances are needed in this field to target these symptomatologic domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Anna Carbone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University “Magna Græcia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Giulia Menculini
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Perugia, Piazzale Lucio Severi, 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (G.M.); (L.Z.)
| | - Renato de Filippis
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.d.F.); (M.D.)
| | - Martina D’Angelo
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.d.F.); (M.D.)
| | - Leonardo Zebi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Perugia, Piazzale Lucio Severi, 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (G.M.); (L.Z.)
| | - Luca Steardo
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.d.F.); (M.D.)
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20
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Agorastos A, Mansueto AC, Hager T, Pappi E, Gardikioti A, Stiedl O. Heart Rate Variability as a Translational Dynamic Biomarker of Altered Autonomic Function in Health and Psychiatric Disease. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1591. [PMID: 37371686 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is responsible for the precise regulation of tissue functions and organs and, thus, is crucial for optimal stress reactivity, adaptive responses and health in basic and challenged states (survival). The fine-tuning of central ANS activity relies on the internal central autonomic regulation system of the central autonomic network (CAN), while the peripheral activity relies mainly on the two main and interdependent peripheral ANS tracts, the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS). In disease, autonomic imbalance is associated with decreased dynamic adaptability and increased morbidity and mortality. Acute or prolonged autonomic dysregulation, as observed in stress-related disorders, affects CAN core centers, thereby altering downstream peripheral ANS function. One of the best established and most widely used non-invasive methods for the quantitative assessment of ANS activity is the computerized analysis of heart rate variability (HRV). HRV, which is determined by different methods from those used to determine the fluctuation of instantaneous heart rate (HR), has been used in many studies as a powerful index of autonomic (re)activity and an indicator of cardiac risk and ageing. Psychiatric patients regularly show altered autonomic function with increased HR, reduced HRV and blunted diurnal/circadian changes compared to the healthy state. The aim of this article is to provide basic knowledge on ANS function and (re)activity assessment and, thus, to support a much broader use of HRV as a valid, transdiagnostic and fully translational dynamic biomarker of stress system sensitivity and vulnerability to stress-related disorders in neuroscience research and clinical psychiatric practice. In particular, we review the functional levels of central and peripheral ANS control, the main neurobiophysiologic theoretical models (e.g., polyvagal theory, neurovisceral integration model), the precise autonomic influence on cardiac function and the definition and main aspects of HRV and its different measures (i.e., time, frequency and nonlinear domains). We also provide recommendations for the proper use of electrocardiogram recordings for HRV assessment in clinical and research settings and highlight pathophysiological, clinical and research implications for a better functional understanding of the neural and molecular mechanisms underlying healthy and malfunctioning brain-heart interactions in individual stress reactivity and psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agorastos Agorastos
- II. Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 56430 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Alessandra C Mansueto
- Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit (VU) Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Centre for Urban Mental Health, University of Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Torben Hager
- Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit (VU) Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eleni Pappi
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Angeliki Gardikioti
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Oliver Stiedl
- Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit (VU) Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Health, Safety and Environment, Vrije Universiteit (VU) Amsterdam, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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21
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Kinney KL, Rao U, Bailey B, Hellman N, Kelly C, McAfee NW, Morris MC. Dynamics of diurnal cortisol and alpha-amylase secretion and their associations with PTSD onset in recent interpersonal trauma survivors. Psychol Med 2023; 53:2263-2273. [PMID: 37310311 PMCID: PMC10264829 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721004050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysfunction in major stress response systems during the acute aftermath of trauma may contribute to risk for developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The current study investigated how PTSD diagnosis and symptom severity, depressive symptoms, and childhood trauma uniquely relate to diurnal neuroendocrine secretion (cortisol and alpha-amylase rhythms) in women who recently experienced interpersonal trauma compared to non-traumatized controls (NTCs). METHOD Using a longitudinal design, we examined diurnal cortisol and alpha-amylase rhythms in 98 young women (n = 57 exposed to recent interpersonal trauma, n = 41 NTCs). Participants provided saliva samples and completed symptom measures at baseline and 1-, 3-, and 6-month follow-up. RESULTS Multilevel models (MLMs) revealed lower waking cortisol predicted the development of PTSD in trauma survivors and distinguished at-risk women from NTCs. Women with greater childhood trauma exposure exhibited flatter diurnal cortisol slopes. Among trauma-exposed individuals, lower waking cortisol levels were associated with higher concurrent PTSD symptom severity. Regarding alpha-amylase, MLMs revealed women with greater childhood trauma exposure exhibited higher waking alpha-amylase and slower diurnal alpha-amylase increase. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest lower waking cortisol in the acute aftermath of trauma may be implicated in PTSD onset and maintenance. Findings also suggest childhood trauma may predict a different pattern of dysfunction in stress response systems following subsequent trauma exposure than the stress system dynamics associated with PTSD risk; childhood trauma appears to be associated with flattened diurnal cortisol and alpha-amylase slopes, as well as higher waking alpha-amylase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry L. Kinney
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Uma Rao
- Departments of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, Pediatrics and Psychological Science, and Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California – Irvine, California, USA
- Children’s Hospital of Orange County, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Brooklynn Bailey
- Department of Psychology, the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Natalie Hellman
- Department of Psychology, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Chris Kelly
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Nicholas W. McAfee
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Matthew C. Morris
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
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22
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Kazakou P, Nicolaides NC, Chrousos GP. Basic Concepts and Hormonal Regulators of the Stress System. Horm Res Paediatr 2023; 96:8-16. [PMID: 35272295 DOI: 10.1159/000523975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human organisms have to cope with a large number of external or internal stressful stimuli that threaten - or are perceived as threatening - their internal dynamic balance or homeostasis. To face these disturbing forces, or stressors, organisms have developed a complex neuroendocrine system, the stress system, which consists of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the locus caeruleus/norepinephrine-autonomic nervous system. SUMMARY Upon exposure to stressors beyond a certain threshold, the activation of the stress system leads to a series of physiological and behavioral adaptations that help achieve homeostasis and increase the chances of survival. When, however, the stress response to stressors is inadequate, excessive, or prolonged, the resultant maladaptation may lead to the development of several stress-related pathologic conditions. Adverse environmental events, especially during critical periods of life, such as prenatal life, childhood, and puberty/adolescence, in combination with the underlying genetic background, may leave deep, long-term epigenetic imprints in the human expressed genome. KEY MESSAGES In this review, we describe the components of the stress system and its functional interactions with other homeostatic systems of the organism; we present the hormonal regulators of the stress response, and we discuss the development of stress-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi Kazakou
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece.,Endocrine Unit, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nicolas C Nicolaides
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.,University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece.,Department of Molecular Genetics, Function and Therapy, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - George P Chrousos
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.,University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
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23
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Okano S, Araki A, Kimura K, Fukuda I, Miyamoto A, Tanaka H. Questionnaire survey on sleep habits of 3-year-old children in Asahikawa City: Comparison between 2005 and 2020. Brain Dev 2023; 45:332-342. [PMID: 36806406 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2023.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Good sleep is essential for children's healthy growth. In 2005, we conducted a questionnaire survey on children's sleep habits and their background, targeting parents who attended health checkups for their 3-year-old children in Asahikawa City, Hokkaido. In 2020, we performed a secondary survey, including additional questions regarding media usage. We analyzed changes in children's sleep environment by comparing the results of both surveys. METHODS Children from 500 families (n = 420; 219 males, 201 females; mean age, 3.6 years) who underwent 3.5-year-old health checkups (per the changed schedule in 2015) in Asahikawa City from July 2020 to November 2020 and their parents who had completely answered the questionnaire were included. RESULTS The proportion of children who used childcare support system such as nursery schools or kindergarten increased from 30% in the previous survey to 95% in the present survey. The mean nocturnal sleep duration of children was 9.33 h in the present survey, 0.77 h shorter than that in the previous survey; similar to the previous survey results, it was significantly short (8.71 h) in children who went to bed after 10 PM. Moreover, it was significantly short in children who watched television for more than two hours or used media within two hours before going to bed or if parents used smartphones or watched motion pictures for >30 min/day. The rate of consulting pediatricians regarding sleep problems decreased from 3% to 2.4%. CONCLUSION Parents' lifestyles greatly influenced children's sleep habits in 2020. Pediatricians should actively participate in managing children's sleep problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Okano
- Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa Habilitation Center for Children, Japan.
| | - Akiko Araki
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapporo Child Development General Support Center, Japan
| | - Kayano Kimura
- Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa Habilitation Center for Children, Japan
| | - Ikue Fukuda
- Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa Habilitation Center for Children, Japan
| | - Akie Miyamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa Habilitation Center for Children, Japan
| | - Hajime Tanaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa Habilitation Center for Children, Japan
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24
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Campos LA, Baltatu OC, Senar S, Ghimouz R, Alefishat E, Cipolla-Neto J. Multiplatform-Integrated Identification of Melatonin Targets for a Triad of Psychosocial-Sleep/Circadian-Cardiometabolic Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24010860. [PMID: 36614302 PMCID: PMC9821171 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Several psychosocial, sleep/circadian, and cardiometabolic disorders have intricately interconnected pathologies involving melatonin disruption. Therefore, we hypothesize that melatonin could be a therapeutic target for treating potential comorbid diseases associated with this triad of psychosocial-sleep/circadian-cardiometabolic disorders. We investigated melatonin's target prediction and tractability for this triad of disorders. The melatonin's target prediction for the proposed psychosocial-sleep/circadian-cardiometabolic disorder triad was investigated using databases from Europe PMC, ChEMBL, Open Targets Genetics, Phenodigm, and PheWAS. The association scores for melatonin receptors MT1 and MT2 with this disorder triad were explored for evidence of target-disease predictions. The potential of melatonin as a tractable target in managing the disorder triad was investigated using supervised machine learning to identify melatonin activities in cardiovascular, neuronal, and metabolic assays at the cell, tissue, and organism levels in a curated ChEMBL database. Target-disease visualization was done by graphs created using "igraph" library-based scripts and displayed using the Gephi ForceAtlas algorithm. The combined Europe PMC (data type: text mining), ChEMBL (data type: drugs), Open Targets Genetics Portal (data type: genetic associations), PhenoDigm (data type: animal models), and PheWAS (data type: genetic associations) databases yielded types and varying levels of evidence for melatonin-disease triad correlations. Of the investigated databases, 235 association scores of melatonin receptors with the targeted diseases were greater than 0.2; to classify the evidence per disease class: 37% listed psychosocial disorders, 9% sleep/circadian disorders, and 54% cardiometabolic disorders. Using supervised machine learning, 546 cardiovascular, neuronal, or metabolic experimental assays with predicted or measured melatonin activity scores were identified in the ChEMBL curated database. Of 248 registered trials, 144 phase I to IV trials for melatonin or agonists have been completed, of which 33.3% were for psychosocial disorders, 59.7% were for sleep/circadian disorders, and 6.9% were for cardiometabolic disorders. Melatonin's druggability was evidenced by evaluating target prediction and tractability for the triad of psychosocial-sleep/circadian-cardiometabolic disorders. While melatonin research and development in sleep/circadian and psychosocial disorders is more advanced, as evidenced by melatonin association scores, substantial evidence on melatonin discovery in cardiovascular and metabolic disorders supports continued R&D in cardiometabolic disorders, as evidenced by melatonin activity scores. A multiplatform analysis provided an integrative assessment of the target-disease investigations that may justify further translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Aparecida Campos
- Center of Innovation, Technology, and Education (CITE) at Anhembi Morumbi University—Anima Institute, Sao Jose dos Campos Technology Park, Sao Jose dos Campos 12247-016, Brazil
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, College of Medicine and Health Science, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence: (L.A.C.); (O.C.B.)
| | - Ovidiu Constantin Baltatu
- Center of Innovation, Technology, and Education (CITE) at Anhembi Morumbi University—Anima Institute, Sao Jose dos Campos Technology Park, Sao Jose dos Campos 12247-016, Brazil
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, College of Medicine and Health Science, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence: (L.A.C.); (O.C.B.)
| | | | - Rym Ghimouz
- Fatima College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 3798, United Arab Emirates
| | - Eman Alefishat
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Health Science, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
- Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - José Cipolla-Neto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
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25
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Gatto NM, Thordardottir EB, Tomasson G, Rúnarsdóttir H, Song H, Jakobsdóttir J, Aspelund T, Valdimarsdóttir UA, Hauksdóttir A. Association between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Multiple Sclerosis in Icelandic Women-A Population-Based Cohort Study. Brain Sci 2022; 12:1559. [PMID: 36421883 PMCID: PMC9688793 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12111559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing literature, mostly based on selected populations, indicates that traumas may be associated with autoimmune diseases, yet few studies exist on adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and multiple sclerosis (MS) in the general population. OBJECTIVE We assessed cross-sectional associations between self-reported ACEs and MS among Icelandic women in the population-based Stress-And-Gene-Analysis (SAGA) cohort. METHODS Participants (n = 27,870; mean age 44.9 years) answered a web-based survey that included the ACE-International Questionnaire and a question about MS diagnosis. Log-linear Poisson regression models estimated MS prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals for ACEs adjusted for covariates. RESULTS 214 women reported having been diagnosed with MS (crude prevalence = 7.7 per 1000). Compared to women without MS, women with MS reported more fatigue, body pain and bladder problems. The average cumulative number of ACEs was 2.1. After adjustment for age, education, childhood deprivation, smoking and depressive symptoms, MS prevalence did not increase with increasing ACEs exposure (PR = 1.00, 95% CI = 0.92, 1.09). Thirteen ACE categories, including abuse, neglect, household dysfunction and violence were not individually or independently associated with MS. CONCLUSION Limited by self-reported data and cross-sectional design, results do not consistently support associations between ACEs in the development of MS among adult Icelandic women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M. Gatto
- Centre for Public Health Sciences, University of Iceland, 102 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1845 N Soto St., Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
| | - Edda Bjork Thordardottir
- Centre for Public Health Sciences, University of Iceland, 102 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Mental Health Services, Landspitali, The National University Hospital of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Gunnar Tomasson
- Centre for Public Health Sciences, University of Iceland, 102 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Landspitali, University Hospital, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Harpa Rúnarsdóttir
- Centre for Public Health Sciences, University of Iceland, 102 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Huan Song
- Centre for Public Health Sciences, University of Iceland, 102 Reykjavik, Iceland
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jóhanna Jakobsdóttir
- Centre for Public Health Sciences, University of Iceland, 102 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Thor Aspelund
- Centre for Public Health Sciences, University of Iceland, 102 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Arna Hauksdóttir
- Centre for Public Health Sciences, University of Iceland, 102 Reykjavik, Iceland
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26
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Potential Role of the Circadian Clock in the Regulation of Cancer Stem Cells and Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214181. [PMID: 36430659 PMCID: PMC9698777 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms, including sleep/wake cycles as well as hormonal, immune, metabolic, and cell proliferation rhythms, are fundamental biological processes driven by a cellular time-keeping system called the circadian clock. Disruptions in these rhythms due to genetic alterations or irregular lifestyles cause fundamental changes in physiology, from metabolism to cellular proliferation and differentiation, resulting in pathological consequences including cancer. Cancer cells are not uniform and static but exist as different subtypes with phenotypic and functional differences in the tumor microenvironment. At the top of the heterogeneous tumor cell hierarchy, cancer stem cells (CSCs), a self-renewing and multi-potent cancer cell type, are most responsible for tumor recurrence and metastasis, chemoresistance, and mortality. Phenotypically, CSCs are associated with the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which confers cancer cells with increased motility and invasion ability that is characteristic of malignant and drug-resistant stem cells. Recently, emerging studies of different cancer types, such as glioblastoma, leukemia, prostate cancer, and breast cancer, suggest that the circadian clock plays an important role in the maintenance of CSC/EMT characteristics. In this review, we describe recent discoveries regarding how tumor intrinsic and extrinsic circadian clock-regulating factors affect CSC evolution, highlighting the possibility of developing novel chronotherapeutic strategies that could be used against CSCs to fight cancer.
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27
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Womersley JS, Roeh S, Martin L, Ahmed-Leitao F, Sauer S, Rex-Haffner M, Hemmings SMJ, Binder EB, Seedat S. FKBP5 intron 7 methylation is associated with higher anxiety proneness and smaller right thalamus volume in adolescents. Brain Struct Funct 2022; 227:2809-2820. [PMID: 36197505 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-022-02577-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of stress response systems may mediate the detrimental effects of childhood trauma (CT) on mental health. FKBP5 regulates glucocorticoid receptor sensitivity and exerts pleiotropic effects on intracellular signaling, neurobiology and behavior. We investigated whether CT, alone and in combination with rs1360780 genotype, is associated with altered FKBP5 methylation and whether CT-associated methylation profiles are associated with anxiety proneness (AP) and structural brain volumes. Ninety-four adolescents completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, and a composite AP score was generated from the Childhood Anxiety Sensitivity Index and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-Trait measure. Mean methylation values for 12 regulatory regions and 25 individual CpG sites were determined using high-accuracy measurement via targeted bisulfite sequencing. FKBP5 rs1360780 genotype and structural MRI data were available for a subset of participants (n = 71 and n = 75, respectively). Regression models revealed an inverse association between methylation of three intron 7 CpG sites (35558438, 35558566 and 35558710) and right thalamus volume. CpG35558438 methylation was positively associated with AP scores. Our data indicate that an intron 7 methylation profile, consistent with lower FKBP5 expression and elevated high sensitivity glucocorticoid receptor levels, is associated with higher AP and smaller right thalamus volume. Research into the mechanisms underlying the intron 7 methylation-thalamus volume relationship, and whether it confers increased risk for long-term psychopathology by altering the regulatory threshold of stress responding, is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline S Womersley
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa. .,South African Medical Research Council/Stellenbosch University Genomics of Brain Disorders Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa. .,Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.
| | - Simone Roeh
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Lindi Martin
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Fatima Ahmed-Leitao
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Susann Sauer
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Monika Rex-Haffner
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Sian M J Hemmings
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.,South African Medical Research Council/Stellenbosch University Genomics of Brain Disorders Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Elisabeth B Binder
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Soraya Seedat
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.,South African Medical Research Council/Stellenbosch University Genomics of Brain Disorders Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.,South African Research Chairs Initiative (SARChI) in PTSD, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
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28
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Dama M, Khoo Y, Frey BN, Milev RV, Ravindran AV, Parikh SV, Rotzinger S, Lou W, Lam RW, Kennedy SH, Bhat V. Rhythmicity of sleep and clinical outcomes in major depressive disorder: A CAN-BIND-1 Report. JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2022.100370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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29
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Plasma Proteomics in Healthy Subjects with Differences in Tissue Glucocorticoid Sensitivity Identifies A Novel Proteomic Signature. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10010184. [PMID: 35052863 PMCID: PMC8773719 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Significant inter-individual variation in terms of susceptibility to several stress-related disorders, such as myocardial infarction and Alzheimer’s disease, and therapeutic response has been observed among healthy subjects. The molecular features responsible for this phenomenon have not been fully elucidated. Proteomics, in association with bioinformatics analysis, offer a comprehensive description of molecular phenotypes with clear links to human disease pathophysiology. The aim of this study was to conduct a comparative plasma proteomics analysis of glucocorticoid resistant and glucocorticoid sensitive healthy subjects and provide clues of the underlying physiological differences. For this purpose, 101 healthy volunteers were given a very low dose (0.25 mg) of dexamethasone at midnight, and were stratified into the 10% most glucocorticoid sensitive (S) (n = 11) and 10% most glucocorticoid resistant (R) (n = 11) according to the 08:00 h serum cortisol concentrations determined the following morning. One month following the very-low dose dexamethasone suppression test, DNA and plasma samples were collected from the 22 selected individuals. Sequencing analysis did not reveal any genetic defects in the human glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1) gene. To investigate the proteomic profile of plasma samples, we used Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and found 110 up-regulated and 66 down-regulated proteins in the S compared to the R group. The majority of the up-regulated proteins in the S group were implicated in platelet activation. To predict response to cortisol prior to administration, a random forest classifier was developed by using the proteomics data in order to distinguish S from R individuals. Apolipoprotein A4 (APOA4) and gelsolin (GSN) were the most important variables in the classification, and warrant further investigation. Our results indicate that a proteomics signature may differentiate the S from the R healthy subjects, and may be useful in clinical practice. In addition, it may provide clues of the underlying molecular mechanisms of the chronic stress-related diseases, including myocardial infarction and Alzheimer’s disease.
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Agorastos A, Chrousos GP. The neuroendocrinology of stress: the stress-related continuum of chronic disease development. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:502-513. [PMID: 34290370 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01224-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Stress is defined as a state of threatened homeodynamic balance by a wide range of intrinsic or extrinsic, real or perceived challenges or stimuli, defined as stressors. To preserve this optimal homeodynamic state within a physiologic range, organisms have developed a highly sophisticated system, the stress system, which serves self-regulation and adaptability of the organism by energy redirection according to the current needs. Repeated, ephemeral, and motivating stress states lead to adaptive responses and response habituations, being fairly beneficial; in contrast, inadequate, aversive, excessive, or prolonged stress may surpass the regulatory capacity and adjustive resources of the organism and produce maladaptive responses and a chronically altered homeodynamic state associated with compromised mental and physical health and life expectancy. Neuroendocrine responses to stress depend on developmental timing, duration, time of day and nature of stressors leading to a vulnerable phenotype with disrupted stress reactivity (i.e., hyper- or hypoactivation of the stress system), impaired glucocorticoid signaling, and accumulated cacostatic load with cumulatively elevated long-term risk of mental and physical morbidity. This article offers a brief overview on the organization and physiology of the human stress system and its (re)activity, refreshes the plethora of somatic effects of acute and chronic stress and discusses a conceptual model of acute and chronic stress pathophysiology as a continuum in chronic disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agorastos Agorastos
- II. Department of Psychiatry, Division of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece. .,VA Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health (CESAMH), VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - George P Chrousos
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine and UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Goncharova N, Chigarova O, Oganyan T. Age-related and individual features of the HPA axis stress responsiveness under constant light in nonhuman primates. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1051882. [PMID: 36699023 PMCID: PMC9870316 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1051882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is a key adaptive neuroendocrine system, dysfunction of which plays an important role in the increasing incidence of stress-dependent age-related pathology. Among the environmental factors effecting increase age-related diseases, great importance is given to disturbances of the light-dark schedule, particularly with increased illumination at night. While disruption of the light-dark schedule has long been recognized as a powerful behavioral stressor, little is known regarding stress reactivity of the HPA under constant light (CL) conditions, especially with aging and depending on the features of stress behavior. The purpose of this investigation was to study the age-related and individual features of the HPA axis response to acute stress exposure (ASE) under chronic CL in nonhuman primates that are known to differ in behavioral responsiveness to stress. Young and old female rhesus monkeys (with control standard behavior or anxiety and depression-like behavior) were exposed to CL (24 h light/day, 330-400 lux for 4 to 8 weeks). Control young and old monkeys were exposed to standard lighting (SL) with natural light during the day and darkness at night. All animals were subjected to ASE (restriction of mobility for 2 hours), functional tests with corticotrophin-releasing hormone and arginine-vasopressin, and study of circadian rhythms of cortisol and pineal melatonin secretion. For the first time an inhibitory effect of CL on the reaction of the adrenal cortex to ASE was revealed in all individuals, regardless of age and preexisting behavior stress reactivity, the mechanisms of which were age-dependent: due to inhibition of the pituitary ACTH secretion in young animals and mainly not affecting the ACTH secretion in old individuals. There were no significant changes in melatonin secretion both in young and old animals. The observed CL inhibition of adrenal cortical reactivity to ASE may be useful to correct increased vulnerability to ASE observed in individuals with preexisting anxiety and depression-like stress behaviors. On the other hand, the CL induced decrease in adrenal stress reactivity of behaviorally normal animals suggests a potential risk of reducing the adaptive capacity of the organism under conditions of continuous light exposure.
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Medar ML, Andric SA, Kostic TS. Stress-induced glucocorticoids alter the Leydig cells' timing and steroidogenesis-related systems. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 538:111469. [PMID: 34601003 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to analyze the time-dependent consequences of stress on gene expression responsible for diurnal endocrine Leydig cell function connecting them to the glucocorticoid-signaling. In the first 24h after the stress event, a daily variation of blood corticosterone increased, and testosterone decreased; the testosterone/corticosterone were lowest at the end of the stress session overlapping with inhibition of Leydig cells' steroidogenesis-related genes (Nr3c1/GR, Hsd3b1/2, Star, Cyp17a1) and changed circadian activity of the clock genes (the increased Bmal1/BMAL1 and Per1/2/PER1 and decreased Cry1 and Rev-erba). The glucocorticoid-treated rats showed a similar response. The principal-component-analysis (PCA) displayed an absence of significant differences between treatments especially on Per1 and Rev-erba, the findings confirmed by the in vivo blockade of the testicular glucocorticoid receptor (GR) during stress and ex vivo treatment of the Leydig cells with hydrocortisone and GR-blocker. In summary, stressful stimuli can entrain the clock in the Leydig cells through glucocorticoid-mediated communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Lj Medar
- The University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences Novi Sad, Department of Biology and Ecology, Laboratory for Chronobiology and Aging, Laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology and Signaling, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Silvana A Andric
- The University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences Novi Sad, Department of Biology and Ecology, Laboratory for Chronobiology and Aging, Laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology and Signaling, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Tatjana S Kostic
- The University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences Novi Sad, Department of Biology and Ecology, Laboratory for Chronobiology and Aging, Laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology and Signaling, Novi Sad, Serbia.
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Nicolaides NC, Charmandari E. Primary Generalized Glucocorticoid Resistance and Hypersensitivity Syndromes: A 2021 Update. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910839. [PMID: 34639183 PMCID: PMC8509180 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are the final products of the neuroendocrine hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and play an important role in the stress response to re-establish homeostasis when it is threatened, or perceived as threatened. These steroid hormones have pleiotropic actions through binding to their cognate receptor, the human glucocorticoid receptor, which functions as a ligand-bound transcription factor inducing or repressing the expression of a large number of target genes. To achieve homeostasis, glucocorticoid signaling should have an optimal effect on all tissues. Indeed, any inappropriate glucocorticoid effect in terms of quantity or quality has been associated with pathologic conditions, which are characterized by short-term or long-lasting detrimental effects. Two such conditions, the primary generalized glucocorticoid resistance and hypersensitivity syndromes, are discussed in this review article. Undoubtedly, the tremendous progress of structural, molecular, and cellular biology, in association with the continued progress of biotechnology, has led to a better and more in-depth understanding of these rare endocrinologic conditions, as well as more effective therapeutic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas C. Nicolaides
- First Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece;
- Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine, University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Function and Therapy, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus
- Correspondence:
| | - Evangelia Charmandari
- First Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece;
- Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
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Developmental Dyslexia: Environment Matters. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11060782. [PMID: 34199166 PMCID: PMC8231524 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11060782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmental dyslexia (DD) is a multifactorial, specific learning disorder. Susceptibility genes have been identified, but there is growing evidence that environmental factors, and especially stress, may act as triggering factors that determine an individual's risk of developing DD. In DD, as in most complex phenotypes, the presence of a genetic mutation fails to explain the broad phenotypic spectrum observed. Early life stress has been repeatedly associated with the risk of multifactorial disorders, due to its effects on chromatin regulation, gene expression, HPA axis function and its long-term effects on the systemic stress response. Based on recent evidence, we discuss the potential role of stress on DD occurrence, its putative epigenetic effects on the HPA axis of affected individuals, as well as the necessity of early and appropriate intervention, based on the individual stress-associated (endo)phenotype.
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Oxidative Dysregulation in Early Life Stress and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Comprehensive Review. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11060723. [PMID: 34072322 PMCID: PMC8228973 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11060723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic stress may chronically affect master homeostatic systems at the crossroads of peripheral and central susceptibility pathways and lead to the biological embedment of trauma-related allostatic trajectories through neurobiological alterations even decades later. Lately, there has been an exponential knowledge growth concerning the effect of traumatic stress on oxidative components and redox-state homeostasis. This extensive review encompasses a detailed description of the oxidative cascade components along with their physiological and pathophysiological functions and a systematic presentation of both preclinical and clinical, genetic and epigenetic human findings on trauma-related oxidative stress (OXS), followed by a substantial synthesis of the involved oxidative cascades into specific and functional, trauma-related pathways. The bulk of the evidence suggests an imbalance of pro-/anti-oxidative mechanisms under conditions of traumatic stress, respectively leading to a systemic oxidative dysregulation accompanied by toxic oxidation byproducts. Yet, there is substantial heterogeneity in findings probably relative to confounding, trauma-related parameters, as well as to the equivocal directionality of not only the involved oxidative mechanisms but other homeostatic ones. Accordingly, we also discuss the trauma-related OXS findings within the broader spectrum of systemic interactions with other major influencing systems, such as inflammation, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and the circadian system. We intend to demonstrate the inherent complexity of all the systems involved, but also put forth associated caveats in the implementation and interpretation of OXS findings in trauma-related research and promote their comprehension within a broader context.
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Abstract
Circadian rhythms describe physiological systems that repeat themselves with a cycle of approximately 24 h. Our understanding of the cellular and molecular origins of these oscillations has improved dramatically, allowing us to appreciate the significant role these oscillations play in maintaining physiological homeostasis. Circadian rhythms allow living organisms to predict and efficiently respond to a dynamically changing environment, set by repetitive day/night cycles. Since circadian rhythms underlie almost every aspect of human physiology, it is unsurprising that they also influence the response of a living organism to disease, stress, and therapeutics. Therefore, not only do the mechanisms that maintain health and disrupt homeostasis depend on our internal circadian clock, but also the way drugs are perceived and function depends on these physiological rhythms. We present a holistic view of the therapeutic process, discussing components such as disease state, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics, as well as adverse reactions that are critically affected by circadian rhythms. We outline challenges and opportunities in moving toward personalized medicine approaches that explore and capitalize on circadian rhythms for the benefit of the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaakov Nahmias
- Center for Bioengineering, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Ioannis P Androulakis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA; .,Department of Surgery, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
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Radwan B, Yanez Touzet A, Hammami S, Chaudhury D. Prolonged Exposure to Social Stress Impairs Homeostatic Sleep Regulation. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:633955. [PMID: 33692671 PMCID: PMC7937905 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.633955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress and sleep are tightly regulated as a result of the substantial overlap in neurotransmitter signaling and regulatory pathways between the neural centers that modulate mood and sleep-wake cycle. The chronicity of the stressor and variability in coping with it are major determinants of the psychiatric outcomes and subsequent effect on sleep. The regulation of sleep is mediated by the interaction of a homeostatic and a circadian process according to the two-process model. Chronic stress induces stress-related disorders which are associated with deficient sleep homeostasis. However, little is known about how chronic stress affects sleep homeostasis and whether the differences in adaptation to stress distinctively influence sleep. Therefore, we assessed sleep homeostasis in C57BL6/J mice following exposure to 15-d of chronic social defeat stress. We implemented wake:sleep ratio as a behavioral correlate of sleep pressure. Both stress-resilient and stress-susceptible mice displayed deficient sleep homeostasis in post-stress baseline sleep. This was due to poor temporal correlation between frontal slow wave activity (SWA) power and sleep pressure in the dark/active phase. Moreover, the buildup rate of sleep pressure in the dark was lower in susceptible mice in comparison to stress-naïve mice. Additionally, 4-h SD in the dark caused a deficient sleep recovery response in susceptible mice characterized by non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep loss. Our findings provide evidence of deficient homeostatic sleep process (S) in baseline sleep in stress-exposed mice, while impaired sleep recovery following a mild enforced wakefulness experienced during the dark was only detected in stress-susceptible mice. This alludes to the differential homeostatic adaptation to stress between susceptible and resilient mice and its effect on sleep regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basma Radwan
- Department of Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Soaad Hammami
- Department of Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Dipesh Chaudhury
- Department of Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Immune status, well-being and gut microbiota in military supplemented with synbiotic ice cream and submitted to field training: a randomised clinical trial. Br J Nutr 2021; 126:1794-1808. [PMID: 33593462 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521000568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Strenuous physical activity, sleep deprivation and psychological stress are common features of military field training. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of supplementation with a synbiotic ice cream on salivary IgA, gastrointestinal symptoms, well-being indicators and gut microbiota in young military participants undergoing field training. Sixty-five military completed the study: one group was supplemented for 30 d with synbiotic ice cream containing: 2·1 × 108 CFU/g for Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5 and 2·7 × 109 CFU/g for Bifidobacterium animalis BB-12 and 2·3 g of inulin in the 60 g of ice cream at manufacture, and the other with a placebo ice cream. Volunteers were evaluated at pre-supplementation (baseline), post-supplementation and after a 5-d military training. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus genera were measured in stool samples and both showed a higher differential abundance post-supplementation and training. Salivary IgA and gastrointestinal symptoms decreased at post-training in both groups (P < 0·05; main effect of time); however, supplementation with synbiotic did not mitigate this effect. Tenseness and sleepiness were decreased in the synbiotic-treated group, but not in the placebo group at post-military training (P = 0·01 and 0·009, respectively; group × time effect). The other well-being indicators were not affected by the synbiotic supplementation. In conclusion, 30 d of synbiotic ice cream supplementation containing inulin, L. acidophilus LA-5 and B. animalis BB-12 favourably modulated gut microbiota and improved tenseness and sleepiness in healthy young military undergoing a 5-d field training. These improvements may be relevant to this population as they may influence the decision-making process in an environment of high physical and psychological stress.
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39
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Androulakis IP. Circadian rhythms and the HPA axis: A systems view. WIREs Mech Dis 2021; 13:e1518. [PMID: 33438348 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The circadian timing system comprises a network of time-keeping clocks distributed across a living host whose responsibility is to allocate resources and distribute functions temporally to optimize fitness. The molecular structures generating these rhythms have evolved to accommodate the rotation of the earth in an attempt to primarily match the light/dark periods during the 24-hr day. To maintain synchrony of timing across and within tissues, information from the central clock, located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, is conveyed using systemic signals. Leading among those signals are endocrine hormones, and while the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis through the release of glucocorticoids is a major pacesetter. Interestingly, the fundamental units at the molecular and physiological scales that generate local and systemic signals share critical structural properties. These properties enable time-keeping systems to generate rhythmic signals and allow them to adopt specific properties as they interact with each other and the external environment. The purpose of this review is to provide a broad overview of these structures, discuss their functional characteristics, and describe some of their fundamental properties as these related to health and disease. This article is categorized under: Immune System Diseases > Computational Models Immune System Diseases > Biomedical Engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis P Androulakis
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Chemical & Biochemical Engineering Department, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey.,Department of Surgery, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
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Abstract
The human circadian system creates and maintains cellular and systemic rhythmicity essential for the temporal organization of physiological processes promoting homeostasis and environmental adaptation. Sleep disruption and loss of circadian rhythmicity fundamentally affects master homeostasic regulating systems at the crossroads of peripheral and central susceptibility pathways, similar to acute or chronic stress and, thus, may play a central role in the development of stress-related disorders. Direct and indirect human and animal PTSD research accordingly suggests circadian-system-linked sleep, neuroendocrine, immune, metabolic and autonomic dysregulation, linking circadian misalignment to PTSD pathophysiology. Additionally, there is evidence that sleep and circadian disruption may represent a vital pre-existing risk factor in the prediction of PTSD development, while sleep-related symptoms are among the most prominent in trauma-associated disorders. These facts may represent a need for a shift towards a more chronobiological understanding of traumatic sequel and could support better prevention, evaluation and treatment of sleep and circadian disruption as first steps in PTSD management. In this special issue, we highlight and review recent advances from human sleep and chronobiological research that enhances our understanding of the development and maintenance of trauma-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agorastos Agorastos
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.,VA Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health (CESAMH), VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Miranda Olff
- Department of PsychiatryAmsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Neuroscience of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,ARQ National Psychotrauma Centre, Diemen, The Netherlands
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Agorastos A, Olff M. Traumatic stress and the circadian system: neurobiology, timing and treatment of posttraumatic chronodisruption. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2020; 11:1833644. [PMID: 33408808 PMCID: PMC7747941 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2020.1833644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Humans have an evolutionary need for a well-preserved internal 'clock', adjusted to the 24-hour rotation period of our planet. This intrinsic circadian timing system enables the temporal organization of numerous physiologic processes, from gene expression to behaviour. The human circadian system is tightly and bidirectionally interconnected to the human stress system, as both systems regulate each other's activity along the anticipated diurnal challenges. The understanding of the temporal relationship between stressors and stress responses is critical in the molecular pathophysiology of stress-and trauma-related diseases, such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Objectives/Methods: In this narrative review, we present the functional components of the stress and circadian system and their multilevel interactions and discuss how traumatic stress can affect the harmonious interplay between the two systems. Results: Circadian dysregulation after trauma exposure (posttraumatic chronodisruption) may represent a core feature of trauma-related disorders mediating enduring neurobiological correlates of traumatic stress through a loss of the temporal order at different organizational levels. Posttraumatic chronodisruption may, thus, affect fundamental properties of neuroendocrine, immune and autonomic systems, leading to a breakdown of biobehavioral adaptive mechanisms with increased stress sensitivity and vulnerability. Given that many traumatic events occur in the late evening or night hours, we also describe how the time of day of trauma exposure can differentially affect the stress system and, finally, discuss potential chronotherapeutic interventions. Conclusion: Understanding the stress-related mechanisms susceptible to chronodisruption and their role in PTSD could deliver new insights into stress pathophysiology, provide better psychochronobiological treatment alternatives and enhance preventive strategies in stress-exposed populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agorastos Agorastos
- II. Department of Psychiatry, Division of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.,VA Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health (CESAMH), VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Miranda Olff
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,ARQ Psychotrauma Expert Group, Diemen, The Netherlands
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42
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Cheng X, D'Orsogna MR, Chou T. Mathematical modeling of depressive disorders: Circadian driving, bistability and dynamical transitions. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 19:664-690. [PMID: 33510869 PMCID: PMC7815682 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is a key neuroendocrine system implicated in stress response, major depression disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder. We present a new, compact dynamical systems model for the response of the HPA axis to external stimuli, representing stressors or therapeutic intervention, in the presence of a circadian input. Our work builds upon previous HPA axis models where hormonal dynamics are separated into slow and fast components. Several simplifications allow us to derive an effective model of two equations, similar to a multiplicative-input FitzHugh-Nagumo system, where two stable states, a healthy and a diseased one, arise. We analyze the effective model in the context of state transitions driven by external shocks to the hypothalamus, but also modulated by circadian rhythms. Our analyses provide mechanistic insight into the effects of the circadian cycle on input driven transitions of the HPA axis and suggest a circadian influence on exposure or cognitive behavioral therapy in depression, or post-traumatic stress disorder treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoou Cheng
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Peking University, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Maria R D'Orsogna
- Dept. of Mathematics, California State University, Northridge, CA 91330, United States
- Dept. of Computational Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Tom Chou
- Dept. of Computational Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
- Dept. of Mathematics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
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43
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Hu H, Kang C, Hou X, Zhang Q, Meng Q, Jiang J, Hao W. Blue Light Deprivation Produces Depression-Like Responses in Mongolian Gerbils. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:233. [PMID: 32322220 PMCID: PMC7156555 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a leading cause of disability worldwide and is a major contributor to the overall global burden of disease, but its etiology is poorly understood. It has been reported that a disrupted biological rhythm, in terms of a shortened light duration and total darkness, can cause depression-like behaviors in animals. Blue light was reported to have an inhibitory effect on melatonin, which is considered an important clock rhythm biomarker. In the present study, we investigated the effects of blue light deprivation on depressive-like behaviors in gerbils and explored the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Gerbils were housed under white light with a filter to block the blue light or without a filter. The behaviors of the gerbils were observed. The biological rhythm, 5-HT, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and melanopsin pathway were analyzed. RESULTS We found that blue light deprivation (BLD) induced depression-like behavior in gerbils. Melatonin lost its rhythm, and corticosterone (CORT) levels decreased in the morning in the BLD group. Lower corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) in the hypothalamus and lower adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH)/CORT in serum were observed after BLD. Furthermore, 5-HT in the serum and brain were decreased after BLD. Additionally, BLD affected the blue light sensitivity protein melanopsin and its pathway, with downregulation of the proteins melanopsin, PKCα, and c-Fos and the mRNA levels of c-fos and trpc3 and upregulation of the protein p-PKCα. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicated that BLD might produce depression-like behaviors in gerbils. Melatonin arrhythmicity, HPA axis abnormalities, 5-HT decreases and melanopsin pathway changes might be associated with the depression behavioral phenotype in gerbils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Hu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing, China
| | - Chenping Kang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohong Hou
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing, China
| | - Qinghe Meng
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing, China
| | - Jianjun Jiang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing, China
| | - Weidong Hao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing, China
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