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Yin JH, Horzmann KA. Embryonic Zebrafish as a Model for Investigating the Interaction between Environmental Pollutants and Neurodegenerative Disorders. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1559. [PMID: 39062132 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12071559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Environmental pollutants have been linked to neurotoxicity and are proposed to contribute to neurodegenerative disorders. The zebrafish model provides a high-throughput platform for large-scale chemical screening and toxicity assessment and is widely accepted as an important animal model for the investigation of neurodegenerative disorders. Although recent studies explore the roles of environmental pollutants in neurodegenerative disorders in zebrafish models, current knowledge of the mechanisms of environmentally induced neurodegenerative disorders is relatively complex and overlapping. This review primarily discusses utilizing embryonic zebrafish as the model to investigate environmental pollutants-related neurodegenerative disease. We also review current applicable approaches and important biomarkers to unravel the underlying mechanism of environmentally related neurodegenerative disorders. We found embryonic zebrafish to be a powerful tool that provides a platform for evaluating neurotoxicity triggered by environmentally relevant concentrations of neurotoxic compounds. Additionally, using variable approaches to assess neurotoxicity in the embryonic zebrafish allows researchers to have insights into the complex interaction between environmental pollutants and neurodegenerative disorders and, ultimately, an understanding of the underlying mechanisms related to environmental toxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hang Yin
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Katharine A Horzmann
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
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2
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Long H, Chen Z, Xu X, Zhou Q, Fang Z, Lv M, Yang XH, Xiao J, Sun H, Fan M. Elucidating genetic and molecular basis of altered higher-order brain structure-function coupling in major depressive disorder. Neuroimage 2024; 297:120722. [PMID: 38971483 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that major depressive disorder (MDD) patients exhibit structural and functional impairments, but few studies have investigated changes in higher-order coupling between structure and function. Here, we systematically investigated the effect of MDD on higher-order coupling between structural connectivity (SC) and functional connectivity (FC). Each brain region was mapped into embedding vector by the node2vec algorithm. We used support vector machine (SVM) with the brain region embedding vector to distinguish MDD patients from health controls (HCs) and identify the most discriminative brain regions. Our study revealed that MDD patients had decreased higher-order coupling in connections between the most discriminative brain regions and local connections in rich-club organization and increased higher-order coupling in connections between the ventral attentional network and limbic network compared with HCs. Interestingly, transcriptome-neuroimaging association analysis demonstrated the correlations between regional rSC-FC coupling variations between MDD patients and HCs and α/β-hydrolase domain-containing 6 (ABHD6), β 1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-9(β3GNT9), transmembrane protein 45B (TMEM45B), the correlation between regional dSC-FC coupling variations and retinoic acid early transcript 1E antisense RNA 1(RAET1E-AS1), and the correlations between regional iSC-FC coupling variations and ABHD6, β3GNT9, katanin-like 2 protein (KATNAL2). In addition, correlation analysis with neurotransmitter receptor/transporter maps found that the rSC-FC and iSC-FC coupling variations were both correlated with neuroendocrine transporter (NET) expression, and the dSC-FC coupling variations were correlated with metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5). Further mediation analysis explored the relationship between genes, neurotransmitter receptor/transporter and MDD related higher-order coupling variations. These findings indicate that specific genetic and molecular factors underpin the observed disparities in higher-order SC-FC coupling between MDD patients and HCs. Our study confirmed that higher-order coupling between SC and FC plays an important role in diagnosing MDD. The identification of new biological evidence for MDD etiology holds promise for the development of innovative antidepressant therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Long
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Zihao Chen
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Xinli Xu
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Qianwei Zhou
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Zhaolin Fang
- Network Information Center, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Mingqi Lv
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Xu-Hua Yang
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Jie Xiao
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Hui Sun
- College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Ming Fan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Instrumentation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
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3
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Nicosia N, Giovenzana M, Misztak P, Mingardi J, Musazzi L. Glutamate-Mediated Excitotoxicity in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Neurodevelopmental and Adult Mental Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6521. [PMID: 38928227 PMCID: PMC11203689 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Glutamate is the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain wherein it controls cognitive functional domains and mood. Indeed, brain areas involved in memory formation and consolidation as well as in fear and emotional processing, such as the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and amygdala, are predominantly glutamatergic. To ensure the physiological activity of the brain, glutamatergic transmission is finely tuned at synaptic sites. Disruption of the mechanisms responsible for glutamate homeostasis may result in the accumulation of excessive glutamate levels, which in turn leads to increased calcium levels, mitochondrial abnormalities, oxidative stress, and eventually cell atrophy and death. This condition is known as glutamate-induced excitotoxicity and is considered as a pathogenic mechanism in several diseases of the central nervous system, including neurodevelopmental, substance abuse, and psychiatric disorders. On the other hand, these disorders share neuroplasticity impairments in glutamatergic brain areas, which are accompanied by structural remodeling of glutamatergic neurons. In the current narrative review, we will summarize the role of glutamate-induced excitotoxicity in both the pathophysiology and therapeutic interventions of neurodevelopmental and adult mental diseases with a focus on autism spectrum disorders, substance abuse, and psychiatric disorders. Indeed, glutamatergic drugs are under preclinical and clinical development for the treatment of different mental diseases that share glutamatergic neuroplasticity dysfunctions. Although clinical evidence is still limited and more studies are required, the regulation of glutamate homeostasis is attracting attention as a potential crucial target for the control of brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Nicosia
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (N.N.); (M.G.); (P.M.)
- PhD Program in Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Mattia Giovenzana
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (N.N.); (M.G.); (P.M.)
- PhD Program in Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Paulina Misztak
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (N.N.); (M.G.); (P.M.)
| | - Jessica Mingardi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (N.N.); (M.G.); (P.M.)
| | - Laura Musazzi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (N.N.); (M.G.); (P.M.)
- Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy
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4
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Engler-Chiurazzi E. B cells and the stressed brain: emerging evidence of neuroimmune interactions in the context of psychosocial stress and major depression. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1360242. [PMID: 38650657 PMCID: PMC11033448 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1360242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The immune system has emerged as a key regulator of central nervous system (CNS) function in health and in disease. Importantly, improved understanding of immune contributions to mood disorders has provided novel opportunities for the treatment of debilitating stress-related mental health conditions such as major depressive disorder (MDD). Yet, the impact to, and involvement of, B lymphocytes in the response to stress is not well-understood, leaving a fundamental gap in our knowledge underlying the immune theory of depression. Several emerging clinical and preclinical findings highlight pronounced consequences for B cells in stress and MDD and may indicate key roles for B cells in modulating mood. This review will describe the clinical and foundational observations implicating B cell-psychological stress interactions, discuss potential mechanisms by which B cells may impact brain function in the context of stress and mood disorders, describe research tools that support the investigation of their neurobiological impacts, and highlight remaining research questions. The goal here is for this discussion to illuminate both the scope and limitations of our current understanding regarding the role of B cells, stress, mood, and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Engler-Chiurazzi
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
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5
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Otanuly M, Kubitschke M, Masseck OA. A Bright Future? A Perspective on Class C GPCR Based Genetically Encoded Biosensors. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:889-897. [PMID: 38380648 PMCID: PMC10921406 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
One of the major challenges in molecular neuroscience today is to accurately monitor neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, peptides, and various other biomolecules in the brain with high temporal and spatial resolution. Only a comprehensive understanding of neuromodulator dynamics, their release probability, and spatial distribution will unravel their ultimate role in cognition and behavior. This Perspective offers an overview of potential design strategies for class C GPCR-based biosensors. It briefly highlights current applications of GPCR-based biosensors, with a primary focus on class C GPCRs and their unique structural characteristics compared with other GPCR subfamilies. The discussion offers insights into plausible future design approaches for biosensor development targeting members of this specific GPCR subfamily. It is important to note that, at this stage, we are contemplating possibilities rather than presenting a concrete guide, as the pipeline is still under development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margulan Otanuly
- Synthetische Biologie, Universität Bremen, Bremen 28359, Germany
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Kang S, Kim W, Nam J, Li K, Kang Y, Bae B, Chun KH, Chung C, Lee J. Non-Targeted Metabolomics Investigation of a Sub-Chronic Variable Stress Model Unveils Sex-Dependent Metabolic Differences Induced by Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2443. [PMID: 38397124 PMCID: PMC10889542 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Depression is twice as prevalent in women as in men, however, most preclinical studies of depression have used male rodent models. This study aimed to examine how stress affects metabolic profiles depending on sex using a rodent depression model: sub-chronic variable stress (SCVS). The SCVS model of male and female mice was established in discovery and validation sets. The stress-induced behavioral phenotypic changes were similar in both sexes, however, the metabolic profiles of female plasma and brain became substantially different after stress, whereas those of males did not. Four stress-differential plasma metabolites-β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHB), L-serine, glycerol, and myo-inositol-could yield biomarker panels with excellent performance to discern the stressed individuals only for females. Disturbances in BHB, glucose, 1,5-anhydrosorbitol, lactic acid, and several fatty acids in the plasma of stressed females implied a systemic metabolic shift to β-oxidation in females. The plasma levels of BHB and corticosterone only in stressed females were observed not only in SCVS but also in an acute stress model. These results collectively suggest a sex difference in the metabolic responses by stress, possibly involving the energy metabolism shift to β-oxidation and the HPA axis dysregulation in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seulgi Kang
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea; (S.K.); (K.L.); (Y.K.); (B.B.)
| | - Woonhee Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (W.K.); (J.N.); (C.H.C.)
| | - Jimin Nam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (W.K.); (J.N.); (C.H.C.)
| | - Ke Li
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea; (S.K.); (K.L.); (Y.K.); (B.B.)
| | - Yua Kang
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea; (S.K.); (K.L.); (Y.K.); (B.B.)
| | - Boyeon Bae
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea; (S.K.); (K.L.); (Y.K.); (B.B.)
| | - Kwang-Hoon Chun
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea;
| | - ChiHye Chung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (W.K.); (J.N.); (C.H.C.)
| | - Jeongmi Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea; (S.K.); (K.L.); (Y.K.); (B.B.)
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Reyes-Lizaola S, Luna-Zarate U, Tendilla-Beltrán H, Morales-Medina JC, Flores G. Structural and biochemical alterations in dendritic spines as key mechanisms for severe mental illnesses. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 129:110876. [PMID: 37863171 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Severe mental illnesses (SMI) collectively affect approximately 20% of the global population, as estimated by the World Health Organization (WHO). Despite having diverse etiologies, clinical symptoms, and pharmacotherapies, these diseases share a common pathophysiological characteristic: the misconnection of brain areas involved in reality perception, executive control, and cognition, including the corticolimbic system. Dendritic spines play a crucial role in excitatory neurotransmission within the central nervous system. These small structures exhibit remarkable plasticity, regulated by factors such as neurotransmitter tone, neurotrophic factors, and innate immunity-related molecules, and other mechanisms - all of which are associated with the pathophysiology of SMI. However, studying dendritic spine mechanisms in both healthy and pathological conditions in patients is fraught with technical limitations. This is where animal models related to these diseases become indispensable. They have played a pivotal role in elucidating the significance of dendritic spines in SMI. In this review, the information regarding the potential role of dendritic spines in SMI was summarized, drawing from clinical and animal model reports. Also, the implications of targeting dendritic spine-related molecules for SMI treatment were explored. Specifically, our focus is on major depressive disorder and the neurodevelopmental disorders schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder. Abundant clinical and basic research has studied the functional and structural plasticity of dendritic spines in these diseases, along with potential pharmacological targets that modulate the dynamics of these structures. These targets may be associated with the clinical efficacy of the pharmacotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Reyes-Lizaola
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Licenciatura en Medicina, Universidad Popular del Estado de Puebla (UPAEP), Puebla, Mexico
| | - Ulises Luna-Zarate
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Licenciatura en Medicina, Universidad de las Américas Puebla (UDLAP), Puebla, Mexico
| | - Hiram Tendilla-Beltrán
- Laboratorio de Neuropsiquiatría, Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Mexico
| | - Julio César Morales-Medina
- Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Animal, CINVESTAV-Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Gonzalo Flores
- Laboratorio de Neuropsiquiatría, Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Mexico.
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Nashaat NH, Elrouby I, Zeidan HM, Kilany A, Abdelraouf ER, Hashish AF, Abdelhady HS, ElKeblawy MM, Shadi MS. Childhood Apraxia of Speech: Exploring Gluten Sensitivity and Changes in Glutamate and Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Plasma Levels. Pediatr Neurol 2024; 151:104-110. [PMID: 38154236 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2023.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) were reported to have genetic variations related to gluten sensitivity and some neuroanatomic changes, which could be associated with alterations in neurotransmitters levels such as glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). The aim was to measure the levels of antigliadin immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibody, glutamate, and GABA in the plasma of children with CAS compared with children with delayed language development (DLD) and neurotypical (NT) children. METHODS The participants (N = 120) were in three groups: Group I for CAS (N = 30), Group II for DLD (N = 60), and Group III for NT (N = 30). The abilities of children in Groups I and II were evaluated. The plasma levels of antigliadin IgA, glutamate, and GABA were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS The intelligence quotient and expressive language age in Group I were low compared with Group II (P = 0.001; 0.004). The levels of antigliadin IgA and glutamate in Group I were higher compared with the other two groups, whereas the level of GABA was lower (P < 0.0001). An imbalance between glutamate and GABA was found in Group I. In Group II, no measures differed from NTs except lower GABA levels (P = 0.0007). CONCLUSIONS The elevated levels of antigliadin IgA antibody and glutamate demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity, differentiating children with CAS from children with DLD and NT children. The low levels of GABA contributed to the imbalance between the excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters' levels detected in children with CAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neveen Hassan Nashaat
- Children with Special Needs Research Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt; Learning Disability and Neurorehabilitation Research Field, Medical Research Centre of Excellence, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Iman Elrouby
- Phoniatrics Department, Hearing and Speech Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hala M Zeidan
- Children with Special Needs Research Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ayman Kilany
- Children with Special Needs Research Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ehab Ragaa Abdelraouf
- Children with Special Needs Research Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt; Learning Disability and Neurorehabilitation Research Field, Medical Research Centre of Excellence, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Adel F Hashish
- Children with Special Needs Research Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hebatallah Sherif Abdelhady
- Children with Special Needs Research Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M ElKeblawy
- Children with Special Needs Research Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mariam S Shadi
- Unit of Phoniatrics, Otorhinolaryngology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Rodolico A, Cutrufelli P, Di Francesco A, Aguglia A, Catania G, Concerto C, Cuomo A, Fagiolini A, Lanza G, Mineo L, Natale A, Rapisarda L, Petralia A, Signorelli MS, Aguglia E. Efficacy and safety of ketamine and esketamine for unipolar and bipolar depression: an overview of systematic reviews with meta-analysis. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1325399. [PMID: 38362031 PMCID: PMC10867194 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1325399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Unipolar and bipolar depression present treatment challenges, with patients sometimes showing limited or no response to standard medications. Ketamine and its enantiomer, esketamine, offer promising alternative treatments that can quickly relieve suicidal thoughts. This Overview of Reviews (OoR) analyzed and synthesized systematic reviews (SRs) with meta-analysis on randomized clinical trials (RCTs) involving ketamine in various formulations (intravenous, intramuscular, intranasal, subcutaneous) for patients with unipolar or bipolar depression. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of ketamine and esketamine in treating major depressive episodes across various forms, including unipolar, bipolar, treatment-resistant, and non-resistant depression, in patient populations with and without suicidal ideation, aiming to comprehensively assess their therapeutic potential and safety profile. Methods Following PRIOR guidelines, this OoR's protocol was registered on Implasy (ID:202150049). Searches in PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Epistemonikos focused on English-language meta-analyses of RCTs of ketamine or esketamine, as monotherapy or add-on, evaluating outcomes like suicide risk, depressive symptoms, relapse, response rates, and side effects. We included studies involving both suicidal and non-suicidal patients; all routes and formulations of administration (intravenous, intramuscular, intranasal) were considered, as well as all available comparisons with control interventions. We excluded meta-analysis in which the intervention was used as anesthesia for electroconvulsive therapy or with a randomized ascending dose design. The selection, data extraction, and quality assessment of studies were carried out by pairs of reviewers in a blinded manner. Data on efficacy, acceptability, and tolerability were extracted. Results Our analysis included 26 SRs and 44 RCTs, with 3,316 subjects. The intervention is effective and well-tolerated, although the quality of the included SRs and original studies is poor, resulting in low certainty of evidence. Limitations This study is limited by poor-quality SRs and original studies, resulting in low certainty of the evidence. Additionally, insufficient available data prevents differentiation between the effects of ketamine and esketamine in unipolar and bipolar depression. Conclusion While ketamine and esketamine show promising therapeutic potential, the current evidence suffers from low study quality. Enhanced methodological rigor in future research will allow for a more informed application of these interventions within the treatment guidelines for unipolar and bipolar depression. Systematic review registration [https://inplasy.com/inplasy-2021-5-0049/], identifier (INPLASY202150049).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Rodolico
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Pierfelice Cutrufelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Antonio Di Francesco
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Andrea Aguglia
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Gaetano Catania
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Carmen Concerto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cuomo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Andrea Fagiolini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lanza
- Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Clinical Neurophysiology Research Unit, Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, Troina, Italy
| | - Ludovico Mineo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Antimo Natale
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Department of Psychiatry, Adult Psychiatry Service (SPA), University Hospitals of Geneva (HUG), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laura Rapisarda
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Antonino Petralia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Salvina Signorelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Eugenio Aguglia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Hristov M, Nankova A, Andreeva-Gateva P. Alterations of the glutamatergic system in diabetes mellitus. Metab Brain Dis 2024; 39:321-333. [PMID: 37747631 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01299-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease characterized by elevated blood glucose levels caused by a lack of insulin production (type 1 diabetes) or insulin resistance (type 2 diabetes). It is well known that DM is associated with cognitive deficits and metabolic and neurophysiological changes in the brain. Glutamate is the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system that plays a key role in synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory processes. An increasing number of studies have suggested that abnormal activity of the glutamatergic system is implicated in the pathophysiology of DM. Dysfunction of glutamatergic neurotransmission in the central nervous system can provide an important neurobiological substrate for many disorders. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a non-invasive technique that allows a better understanding of the central nervous system factors by measuring in vivo the concentrations of brain metabolites within the area of interest. Here, we briefly review the MRS studies that have examined glutamate levels in the brain of patients with DM. The present article also summarizes the available data on abnormalities in glutamatergic neurotransmission observed in different animal models of DM. In addition, the role of gut microbiota in the development of glutamatergic alterations in DM is addressed. We speculate that therapeutic strategies targeting the glutamatergic system may be beneficial in the treatment of central nervous system-related changes in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milen Hristov
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, 2 "Zdrave" St, Sofia, 1431, Bulgaria.
| | - Anelia Nankova
- Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, 1431, Bulgaria
| | - Pavlina Andreeva-Gateva
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, 2 "Zdrave" St, Sofia, 1431, Bulgaria
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Baek JH, Park H, Kang H, Kim R, Kang JS, Kim HJ. The Role of Glutamine Homeostasis in Emotional and Cognitive Functions. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1302. [PMID: 38279303 PMCID: PMC10816396 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Glutamine (Gln), a non-essential amino acid, is synthesized de novo by glutamine synthetase (GS) in various organs. In the brain, GS is exclusively expressed in astrocytes under normal physiological conditions, producing Gln that takes part in glutamatergic neurotransmission through the glutamate (Glu)-Gln cycle. Because the Glu-Gln cycle and glutamatergic neurotransmission play a pivotal role in normal brain activity, maintaining Gln homeostasis in the brain is crucial. Recent findings indicated that a neuronal Gln deficiency in the medial prefrontal cortex in rodents led to depressive behaviors and mild cognitive impairment along with lower glutamatergic neurotransmission. In addition, exogenous Gln supplementation has been tested for its ability to overcome neuronal Gln deficiency and reverse abnormal behaviors induced by chronic immobilization stress (CIS). Although evidence is accumulating as to how Gln supplementation contributes to normalizing glutamatergic neurotransmission and the Glu-Gln cycle, there are few reviews on this. In this review, we summarize recent evidence demonstrating that Gln supplementation ameliorates CIS-induced deleterious changes, including an imbalance of the Glu-Gln cycle, suggesting that Gln homeostasis is important for emotional and cognitive functions. This is the first review of detailed mechanistic studies on the effects of Gln supplementation on emotional and cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Hyun Joon Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, Tyrosine Peptide Multiuse Research Group, Anti-Aging Bio Cell Factory Regional Leading Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, 15 Jinju-daero 816 Beongil, Jinju 52727, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea; (J.H.B.); (H.P.); (H.K.); (R.K.); (J.S.K.)
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12
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Parikh SV, Aaronson ST, Mathew SJ, Alva G, DeBattista C, Kanes S, Lasser R, Bullock A, Kotecha M, Jung J, Forrestal F, Jonas J, Vera T, Leclair B, Doherty J. Efficacy and safety of zuranolone co-initiated with an antidepressant in adults with major depressive disorder: results from the phase 3 CORAL study. Neuropsychopharmacology 2024; 49:467-475. [PMID: 37875578 PMCID: PMC10724299 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-023-01751-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a mental health disorder that can cause disability and functional impairment that standard-of-care (SOC) antidepressant therapies (ADTs) can take weeks to treat. Zuranolone is a neuroactive steroid and positive allosteric modulator of synaptic and extrasynaptic γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) type A receptors approved as an oral, once-daily, 14-day treatment course in adults with postpartum depression and under investigation in adults with MDD. The phase 3 CORAL Study (NCT04476030) evaluated the efficacy and safety of zuranolone 50 mg co-initiated with SOC ADT (zuranolone+ADT) vs placebo co-initiated with SOC ADT (placebo+ADT) in adults with MDD. Patients were randomized 1:1 to once-daily, blinded zuranolone+ADT or placebo+ADT for 14 days, then continued open-label SOC ADT for 28 more days. The primary endpoint was change from baseline (CFB) in the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD-17) total score at Day 3. Among 425 patients in the full analysis set, CFB in HAMD-17 total score at Day 3 was significantly improved with zuranolone+ADT vs placebo+ADT (least squares mean [standard error], -8.9 [0.39] vs -7.0 [0.38]; p = 0.0004). The majority of patients receiving zuranolone+ADT that experienced treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) reported mild or moderate events. The most common TEAEs present in ≥10% of patients in either zuranolone+ADT or placebo+ADT groups were somnolence, dizziness, headache, and nausea. These results demonstrate that zuranolone+ADT provided more rapid improvement in depressive symptoms compared with placebo+ADT in patients with MDD, with a safety profile consistent with previous studies. Clinical trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04476030.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar V Parikh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Scott T Aaronson
- Institute for Advanced Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Sheppard Pratt, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sanjay J Mathew
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Charles DeBattista
- General Psychiatry and Psychology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jeff Jonas
- Sage Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
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13
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Brushett S, Gacesa R, Vich Vila A, Brandao Gois M, Andreu-Sánchez S, Swarte J, Klaassen M, Collij V, Sinha T, Bolte L, Wu J, Swertz M, de Kroon M, Reijneveld S, Wijmenga C, Weersma R, Fu J, van Loo H, Kurilshikov A, Zhernakova A. Gut feelings: the relations between depression, anxiety, psychotropic drugs and the gut microbiome. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2281360. [PMID: 38017662 PMCID: PMC10730195 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2281360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome is involved in the bi-directional relationship of the gut - brain axis. As most studies of this relationship are small and do not account for use of psychotropic drugs (PTDs), we explored the relations of the gut microbiome with several internalizing disorders, while adjusting for PTDs and other relevant medications, in 7,656 Lifelines participants from the Northern Netherlands (5,522 controls and 491 participants with at least one internalizing disorder). Disorders included dysthymia, major depressive disorder (MDD), any depressive disorder (AnyDep: dysthymia or MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and any anxiety disorder (AnyAnx: GAD, social phobia and panic disorder). Compared to controls, 17 species were associated with depressive disorders and 3 were associated with anxiety disorders. Around 90% of these associations remained significant (FDR <0.05) after adjustment for PTD use, suggesting that the disorders, not PTD use, drove these associations. Negative associations were observed for the butyrate-producing bacteria Ruminococcus bromii in participants with AnyDep and for Bifidobacterium bifidum in AnyAnx participants, along with many others. Tryptophan and glutamate synthesis modules and the 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid synthesis module (related to dopamine metabolism) were negatively associated with MDD and/or dysthymia. After additional adjustment for functional gastrointestinal disorders and irritable bowel syndrome, these relations remained either statistically (FDR <0.05) or nominally (P < 0.05) significant. Overall, multiple bacterial species and functional modules were associated with internalizing disorders, including gut - brain relevant components, while associations to PTD use were moderate. These findings suggest that internalizing disorders rather than PTDs are associated with gut microbiome differences relative to controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Brushett
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - R. Gacesa
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - A. Vich Vila
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Leuven, Belgium
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - M.F. Brandao Gois
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - S. Andreu-Sánchez
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J.C. Swarte
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M.A.Y. Klaassen
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - V. Collij
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - T. Sinha
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - L.A. Bolte
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J. Wu
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M. Swertz
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Genomics Coordination Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M.L.A. de Kroon
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - S.A. Reijneveld
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - C. Wijmenga
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - R.K. Weersma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J. Fu
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - H.M. van Loo
- Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion regulation, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - A. Kurilshikov
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - A. Zhernakova
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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14
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Lucas-Torres C, Caradeuc C, Prieur L, Djemai H, Youssef L, Noirez P, Coumoul X, Audouze K, Giraud N, Bertho G. NMR metabolomics study of chronic low-dose exposure to a cocktail of persistent organic pollutants. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2023; 36:e5006. [PMID: 37524504 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.5006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), including persistent organic pollutants (POPs), is one of the most critical threats to public health. EDCs are chemicals that mimic, block, or interfere with hormones in the body's endocrine system and have been associated with a wide range of health issues. This innovative, untargeted metabolomics study investigates chronic low-dose internal exposure to a cocktail of POPs on multiple tissues that are known to accumulate these lipophilic compounds. Interestingly, the metabolic response differs among selected tissues/organs in mice. In the liver, we observed a dynamic effect according to the exposure time and the doses of POPs. In the brain tissue, the situation is the opposite, leading to the conclusion that the presence of POPs immediately gives a saturated effect that is independent of the dose and the duration of exposure studied. By contrast, for the adipose tissues, nearly no effect is observed. This metabolic profiling leads to a holistic and dynamic overview of the main metabolic pathways impacted in lipophilic tissues by a cocktail of POPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Covadonga Lucas-Torres
- CNRS UMR 8601, Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Cédric Caradeuc
- CNRS UMR 8601, Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Laura Prieur
- CNRS UMR 8601, Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Haidar Djemai
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Environmental Toxicity, Therapeutic Targets, Cellular Signaling & Biomarkers (T3S), Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Layale Youssef
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Environmental Toxicity, Therapeutic Targets, Cellular Signaling & Biomarkers (T3S), Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Noirez
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Environmental Toxicity, Therapeutic Targets, Cellular Signaling & Biomarkers (T3S), Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Performance, Santé, Métrologie, Société (PSMS), UFR STAPS, Campus Moulin de la Housse, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
- Département des Sciences de l'Activité Physique, Université du Québec À Montréal (UQAM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Xavier Coumoul
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Environmental Toxicity, Therapeutic Targets, Cellular Signaling & Biomarkers (T3S), Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Karine Audouze
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Environmental Toxicity, Therapeutic Targets, Cellular Signaling & Biomarkers (T3S), Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Giraud
- CNRS UMR 8601, Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Gildas Bertho
- CNRS UMR 8601, Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
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15
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Stanca S, Rossetti M, Bongioanni P. The Cerebellum's Role in Affective Disorders: The Onset of Its Social Dimension. Metabolites 2023; 13:1113. [PMID: 37999209 PMCID: PMC10672979 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13111113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Bipolar Disorder (BD) are the most frequent mental disorders whose indeterminate etiopathogenesis spurs to explore new aetiologic scenarios. In light of the neuropsychiatric symptoms characterizing Cerebellar Cognitive Affective Syndrome (CCAS), the objective of this narrative review is to analyze the involvement of the cerebellum (Cbm) in the onset of these conditions. It aims at detecting the repercussions of the Cbm activities on mood disorders based on its functional subdivision in vestibulocerebellum (vCbm), pontocerebellum (pCbm) and spinocerebellum (sCbm). Despite the Cbm having been, for decades, associated with somato-motor functions, the described intercellular pathways, without forgiving the molecular impairment and the alteration in the volumetric relationships, make the Cbm a new important therapeutic target for MDD and BD. Given that numerous studies have showed its activation during mnestic activities and socio-emotional events, this review highlights in the Cbm, in which the altered external space perception (vCbm) is strictly linked to the cognitive-limbic Cbm (pCbm and sCbm), a crucial role in the MDD and BD pathogenesis. Finally, by the analysis of the cerebellar activity, this study aims at underlying not only the Cbm involvement in affective disorders, but also its role in social relationship building.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Stanca
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Via Savi 10, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- NeuroCare Onlus, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Martina Rossetti
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Via Savi 10, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- NeuroCare Onlus, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Paolo Bongioanni
- NeuroCare Onlus, 56100 Pisa, Italy
- Medical Specialties Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, 56100 Pisa, Italy
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16
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Pańczyszyn-Trzewik P, Czechowska E, Stachowicz K, Sowa-Kućma M. The Importance of α-Klotho in Depression and Cognitive Impairment and Its Connection to Glutamate Neurotransmission-An Up-to-Date Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15268. [PMID: 37894946 PMCID: PMC10607524 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is a serious neuropsychiatric disease affecting an increasing number of people worldwide. Cognitive deficits (including inattention, poor memory, and decision-making difficulties) are common in the clinical picture of depression. Cognitive impairment has been hypothesized to be one of the most important components of major depressive disorder (MDD; referred to as clinical depression), although typical cognitive symptoms are less frequent in people with depression than in people with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder (BD; sometimes referred to as manic-depressive disorder). The importance of α-Klotho in the aging process has been well-documented. Growing evidence points to the role of α-Klotho in regulating other biological functions, including responses to oxidative stress and the modulation of synaptic plasticity. It has been proven that a Klotho deficit may contribute to the development of various nervous system pathologies, such as behavioral disorders or neurodegeneration. Given the growing evidence of the role of α-Klotho in depression and cognitive impairment, it is assumed that this protein may be a molecular link between them. Here, we provide a research review of the role of α-Klotho in depression and cognitive impairment. Furthermore, we propose potential mechanisms (related to oxidative stress and glutamatergic transmission) that may be important in α-Klotho-mediated regulation of mental and cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Pańczyszyn-Trzewik
- Department of Human Physiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, Kopisto 2a, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (P.P.-T.); (E.C.)
| | - Ewelina Czechowska
- Department of Human Physiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, Kopisto 2a, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (P.P.-T.); (E.C.)
| | - Katarzyna Stachowicz
- Department of Neurobiology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12, 31-343 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Sowa-Kućma
- Department of Human Physiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, Kopisto 2a, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (P.P.-T.); (E.C.)
- Centre for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, Warzywna Street 1A, 35-595 Rzeszow, Poland
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17
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Akbar D, Rhee TG, Ceban F, Ho R, Teopiz KM, Cao B, Subramaniapillai M, Kwan ATH, Rosenblat JD, McIntyre RS. Dextromethorphan-Bupropion for the Treatment of Depression: A Systematic Review of Efficacy and Safety in Clinical Trials. CNS Drugs 2023; 37:867-881. [PMID: 37792265 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-023-01032-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A significant proportion of adults with major depressive disorder (MDD) do not respond to treatments which are currently used in clinical practice such as first-generation monoamine-based antidepressants. OBJECTIVES The objective of this systematic review was to assess the efficacy, safety, and mechanisms of action of AXS-05, a combination of the NMDA-receptor antagonist dextromethorphan with bupropion, in adults with MDD. METHODS We searched PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, and ClinicalTrials.gov for current studies reporting on efficacy and/or safety of AXS-05 in patients with MDD. The search terms included: "AXS-05" OR "dextromethorphan and bupropion" AND "depression". Studies from database inception to January 2023 were evaluated. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. RESULTS The search yielded 54 studies of which 5 were included. All studies had low risk of bias. Depression severity, measured with the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) significantly decreased as early as 1-week post-treatment from baseline when compared to a placebo-controlled group (LS mean difference 2.2; 95% CI 0.6-3.9; p = 0.007) and at 2 weeks compared to an active control group (LS mean difference 4.7; 95% CI 0.6-8.8; p = 0.024). Treatment efficacy could be maintained for up to 12 months with mean MADRS score reduction of 23 points from baseline. Clinical remission and response rates also improved at week 1 and were maintained for 12 months. The treatment was well-tolerated, with some transient adverse events reported. CONCLUSION Current evidence suggests that the combination of dextromethorphan and bupropion is a well-tolerated, rapid-acting treatment option for adults with MDD. Initial success with AXS-05 supports the mechanistic role of glutamatergeric and sigma 1 signaling in the pathophysiology of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dania Akbar
- Mood Disorder Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Taeho Greg Rhee
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- VA New England Mental Illness, Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Felicia Ceban
- Mood Disorder Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation (BCDF), 77 Bloor St W Suite 617, Toronto, ON, M5S 1M2, Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Roger Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kayla M Teopiz
- Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation (BCDF), 77 Bloor St W Suite 617, Toronto, ON, M5S 1M2, Canada
| | - Bing Cao
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Faculty of Psychology, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Mehala Subramaniapillai
- Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation (BCDF), 77 Bloor St W Suite 617, Toronto, ON, M5S 1M2, Canada
| | - Angela T H Kwan
- Mood Disorder Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation (BCDF), 77 Bloor St W Suite 617, Toronto, ON, M5S 1M2, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Joshua D Rosenblat
- Mood Disorder Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Roger S McIntyre
- Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation (BCDF), 77 Bloor St W Suite 617, Toronto, ON, M5S 1M2, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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18
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Bastos V, Pacheco V, Rodrigues ÉDL, Moraes CNS, Nóbile AL, Fonseca DLM, Souza KBS, do Vale FYN, Filgueiras IS, Schimke LF, Giil LM, Moll G, Cabral-Miranda G, Ochs HD, Vasconcelos PFDC, de Melo GD, Bourhy H, Casseb LMN, Cabral-Marques O. Neuroimmunology of rabies: New insights into an ancient disease. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29042. [PMID: 37885152 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Rabies is an ancient neuroinvasive viral (genus Lyssavirus, family Rhabdoviridae) disease affecting approximately 59,000 people worldwide. The central nervous system (CNS) is targeted, and rabies has a case fatality rate of almost 100% in humans and animals. Rabies is entirely preventable through proper vaccination, and thus, the highest incidence is typically observed in developing countries, mainly in Africa and Asia. However, there are still cases in European countries and the United States. Recently, demographic, increasing income levels, and the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have caused a massive raising in the animal population, enhancing the need for preventive measures (e.g., vaccination, surveillance, and animal control programs), postexposure prophylaxis, and a better understanding of rabies pathophysiology to identify therapeutic targets, since there is no effective treatment after the onset of clinical manifestations. Here, we review the neuroimmune biology and mechanisms of rabies. Its pathogenesis involves a complex and poorly understood modulation of immune and brain functions associated with metabolic, synaptic, and neuronal impairments, resulting in fatal outcomes without significant histopathological lesions in the CNS. In this context, the neuroimmunological and neurochemical aspects of excitatory/inhibitory signaling (e.g., GABA/glutamate crosstalk) are likely related to the clinical manifestations of rabies infection. Uncovering new links between immunopathological mechanisms and neurochemical imbalance will be essential to identify novel potential therapeutic targets to reduce rabies morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Bastos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Postgraduate Program of Physiopathology and Toxicology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, PAHO Collaborating Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Arboviruses and other Zoonotic Viruses, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Pacheco
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, PAHO Collaborating Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Arboviruses and other Zoonotic Viruses, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua, Brazil
| | - Érika D L Rodrigues
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, PAHO Collaborating Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Arboviruses and other Zoonotic Viruses, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua, Brazil
| | - Cássia N S Moraes
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, PAHO Collaborating Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Arboviruses and other Zoonotic Viruses, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua, Brazil
| | - Adriel L Nóbile
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Postgraduate Program of Physiopathology and Toxicology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dennyson Leandro M Fonseca
- Interunit Postgraduate Program on Bioinformatics, Institute of Mathematics and Statistics (IME), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kamilla B S Souza
- Department of Immunology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Y N do Vale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Postgraduate Program of Physiopathology and Toxicology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Igor S Filgueiras
- Department of Immunology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lena F Schimke
- Department of Immunology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lasse M Giil
- Department of Internal Medicine, Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Guido Moll
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Hans D Ochs
- School of Medicine and Seattle Children's Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Pedro F da Costa Vasconcelos
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, PAHO Collaborating Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Arboviruses and other Zoonotic Viruses, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua, Brazil
- Department of Pathology, University of the State of Pará, Belem, Brazil
| | - Guilherme D de Melo
- Lyssavirus Epidemiology and Neuropathology Unit, WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Rabies, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Hervé Bourhy
- Lyssavirus Epidemiology and Neuropathology Unit, WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Rabies, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Livia M N Casseb
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, PAHO Collaborating Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Arboviruses and other Zoonotic Viruses, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua, Brazil
| | - Otavio Cabral-Marques
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Postgraduate Program of Physiopathology and Toxicology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Immunology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy, Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation 29, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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19
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Mitchell JS, Anijärv TE, Levenstein JL, Hermens DF, Lagopoulos J. Excitatory and inhibitory neurometabolites in anorexia nervosa: A systematic review of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 152:105279. [PMID: 37307945 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The dysregulation of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission is considered a pathological marker of Anorexia Nervosa (AN), however, no systematic evaluation of the proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (1H-MRS) literature has been conducted to date. Accordingly, we conducted a systematic review of neurometabolite differences between individuals with AN and healthy controls (HC). A comprehensive database search (until June 2023) identified seven studies meeting inclusion criteria. Samples included adolescents and adults with similar mean age (AN: 22.20 HC: 22.60), and female percentages (AN: 98%; HC: 94%). The review found a considerable need for improving study design and the reporting of MRS sequence parameters and analysis. Reduced glutamate concentrations in the ACC and OCC, and reduced Glx concentrations in the ACC were reported by one and two studies, respectively. Lastly, only one study to date has quantified GABA concentrations, with no significant differences found. In conclusion, there is currently insufficient evidence of excitatory and inhibitory neurometabolites changes in AN. As the 1H-MRS literature in AN increases, the key questions herein proposed must be revisited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jules S Mitchell
- Thompson Institute, University of Sunshine Coast, 12 Innovation Parkway, Birtinya, 4575 Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Toomas E Anijärv
- Thompson Institute, University of Sunshine Coast, 12 Innovation Parkway, Birtinya, 4575 Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jacob L Levenstein
- Thompson Institute, University of Sunshine Coast, 12 Innovation Parkway, Birtinya, 4575 Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Daniel F Hermens
- Thompson Institute, University of Sunshine Coast, 12 Innovation Parkway, Birtinya, 4575 Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jim Lagopoulos
- Thompson Institute, University of Sunshine Coast, 12 Innovation Parkway, Birtinya, 4575 Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia
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20
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Santibáñez A, Jiménez-Ferrer E, Angulo-Bejarano PI, Sharma A, Herrera-Ruiz M. Coriandrum sativum and Its Utility in Psychiatric Disorders. Molecules 2023; 28:5314. [PMID: 37513187 PMCID: PMC10385770 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The negative impact on worldwide social well-being by the increasing rate of psychiatric diseases has led to a continuous new drug search. Even though the current therapeutic options exert their activity on multiple neurological targets, these have various adverse effects, causing treatment abandonment. Recent research has shown that Coriandrum sativum offers a rich source of metabolites, mainly terpenes and flavonoids, as useful agents against central nervous system disorders, with remarkable in vitro and in vivo activities on models related to these pathologies. Furthermore, studies have revealed that some compounds exhibit a chemical interaction with γ-aminobutyric acid, 5-hydroxytryptamine, and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors, which are key components in the pathophysiology associated with psychiatric and neurological diseases. The current clinical evaluations of standardized extracts of C. sativum are scarce; however, one or more of its compounds represents an area of opportunity to test the efficacy of the plant as an anxiolytic, antidepressant, antiepileptic, or sleep enhancer. For this, the aim of the review was based on the pharmacological activities offered by the compounds identified and isolated from coriander and the processes involved in achieving their effect. In addition, lines of technological research, like molecular docking and nanoparticles, are proposed for the future development of phytomedicines, based on the bioactive molecules of C. sativum, for the treatment of psychiatric and neurological disorders addressed in the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anislada Santibáñez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Argentina No. 1 Col Centro, Xochitepec 62790, Morelos, Mexico
- Plant Innovation Lab, Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Centro de Bioingeniería, Av. Epigmenio González No. 500, San Pablo 76130, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Enrique Jiménez-Ferrer
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Argentina No. 1 Col Centro, Xochitepec 62790, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Paola Isabel Angulo-Bejarano
- Plant Innovation Lab, Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Centro de Bioingeniería, Av. Epigmenio González No. 500, San Pablo 76130, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Ashutosh Sharma
- Plant Innovation Lab, Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Centro de Bioingeniería, Av. Epigmenio González No. 500, San Pablo 76130, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Maribel Herrera-Ruiz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Argentina No. 1 Col Centro, Xochitepec 62790, Morelos, Mexico
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21
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LeDuke DO, Borio M, Miranda R, Tye KM. Anxiety and depression: A top-down, bottom-up model of circuit function. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2023; 1525:70-87. [PMID: 37129246 PMCID: PMC10695657 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A functional interplay of bottom-up and top-down processing allows an individual to appropriately respond to the dynamic environment around them. These processing modalities can be represented as attractor states using a dynamical systems model of the brain. The transition probability to move from one attractor state to another is dependent on the stability, depth, neuromodulatory tone, and tonic changes in plasticity. However, how does the relationship between these states change in disease states, such as anxiety or depression? We describe bottom-up and top-down processing from Marr's computational-algorithmic-implementation perspective to understand depressive and anxious disease states. We illustrate examples of bottom-up processing as basolateral amygdala signaling and projections and top-down processing as medial prefrontal cortex internal signaling and projections. Understanding these internal processing dynamics can help us better model the multifaceted elements of anxiety and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deryn O. LeDuke
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Matilde Borio
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Raymundo Miranda
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA
- Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Kay M. Tye
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
- Kavli Institute for the Brain and Mind, La Jolla, California, USA
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22
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Cutler AJ, Mattingly GW, Maletic V. Understanding the mechanism of action and clinical effects of neuroactive steroids and GABAergic compounds in major depressive disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:228. [PMID: 37365161 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02514-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD) is thought to result from impaired connectivity between key brain networks. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the key inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, working primarily via GABAA receptors, with an important role in virtually all physiologic functions in the brain. Some neuroactive steroids (NASs) are positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of GABAA receptors and potentiate phasic and tonic inhibitory responses via activation of synaptic and extrasynaptic GABAA receptors, respectively. This review first discusses preclinical and clinical data that support the association of depression with diverse defects in the GABAergic system of neurotransmission. Decreased levels of GABA and NASs have been observed in adults with depression compared with healthy controls, while treatment with antidepressants normalized the altered levels of GABA and NASs. Second, as there has been intense interest in treatment approaches for depression that target dysregulated GABAergic neurotransmission, we discuss NASs approved or currently in clinical development for the treatment of depression. Brexanolone, an intravenous NAS and a GABAA receptor PAM, is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of postpartum depression (PPD) in patients 15 years and older. Other NASs include zuranolone, an investigational oral GABAA receptor PAM, and PH10, which acts on nasal chemosensory receptors; clinical data to date have shown improvement in depressive symptoms with these investigational NASs in adults with MDD or PPD. Finally, the review discusses how NAS GABAA receptor PAMs may potentially address the unmet need for novel and effective treatments with rapid and sustained antidepressant effects in patients with MDD.
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23
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Singh N, Garg M, Prajapati P, Singh PK, Chopra R, Kumari A, Mittal A. Adaptogenic property of Asparagus racemosus: Future trends and prospects. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14932. [PMID: 37095959 PMCID: PMC10121633 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a multimodal neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative illness characterized by anhedonia, continued melancholy, dysfunctional circadian rhythm and many other behavioral infirmities. Depression is also associated with somatic ailments such as cardiometabolic diseases. The existing and upcoming hypotheses have succeeded in explaining the pathophysiology of depression. Only a few of the most validated theories, such as hyperactivity of the HPA axis, activated inflammatory-immune response, and monoaminergic and GABAergic deficit hypotheses, have been discussed in this review. So, an effective and safer alternative approach beyond symptomatic relief has been desired. Therefore, botanical products have steadily been probed to strengthen the modern medicinal system as a promising medicament. In this line, Asparagus racemosus Willd. belongs to Asparagaceace family is the well-documented adaptogen cited in the ancient texts namely, Ayurvedic, Greek, and Chinese medicine system. The whole plant possesses pleiotropic therapeutic activity, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, neuroprotective, nootropic, antidepressant, etc., without showing any remarkable side effects. The literature review has also suggested that A. racemosus administration at varied levels alleviates depression by modulating the HPA axis, increasing BDNF levels, and monoaminergic and GABAergic neurotransmission. Alongside, spikes the level of antioxidant enzymes, SOD, GSH peroxidase, GSH, and catalase in distinct brain regions (i.e., hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and hypothalamus) and promote neurogenesis and neuroplasticity. Thus, it could be a new generation antidepressant that provides relief from both behavioral and somatic illness. The review first describes the plant characteristics, then discusses the hypotheses associated with the pathogenesis of depression, and gives an insight into A. racemosus antidepressant properties and the underlying mechanism.
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24
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Witkin JM, Golani LK, Smith JL. Clinical pharmacological innovation in the treatment of depression. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2023; 16:349-362. [PMID: 37000975 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2023.2198703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Deficiencies in standard of care antidepressants are driving novel drug discovery. A new age of antidepressant medications has emerged with the introduction of rapid-acting antidepressants with efficacy in treatment-resistant patients. AREAS COVERED The newly approved medicines and those in clinical development for major depressive disorder (MDD) are documented in this scoping review of newly approved and emerging antidepressants. Compounds are evaluated for clinical efficacy, tolerability, and safety and compared to those of standard of care medicines. EXPERT OPINION A new age of antidepressant discovery relies heavily on glutamatergic mechanisms. New medicines based upon the model of ketamine have been delivered and are in clinical development. Rapid onset and the ability to impact treatment-resistant depression, raises the question of the best first-line medicines for patients. Drugs with improvements in tolerability are being investigated (e.g. mGlu2/3 receptor antagonists, AMPA receptor potentiators, and novel NMDA receptor modulators). Multiple companies are working toward the identification of novel psychedelic drugs where the requirement for psychedelic activity is not fully known. Gaps still exist - methods for matching patients with specific medicines are needed, and medicines for the prevention of MDD and its disease progression need research attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey M Witkin
- Laboratory of Antiepileptic Drug Discovery, Ascension St. Vincent Hospital, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Departments of Neuroscience and Trauma Research, Ascension St. Vincent Hospital, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Lalit K Golani
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jodi L Smith
- Laboratory of Antiepileptic Drug Discovery, Ascension St. Vincent Hospital, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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25
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Alfalahi H, Dias SB, Khandoker AH, Chaudhuri KR, Hadjileontiadis LJ. A scoping review of neurodegenerative manifestations in explainable digital phenotyping. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2023; 9:49. [PMID: 36997573 PMCID: PMC10063633 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-023-00494-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurologists nowadays no longer view neurodegenerative diseases, like Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease, as single entities, but rather as a spectrum of multifaceted symptoms with heterogeneous progression courses and treatment responses. The definition of the naturalistic behavioral repertoire of early neurodegenerative manifestations is still elusive, impeding early diagnosis and intervention. Central to this view is the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in reinforcing the depth of phenotypic information, thereby supporting the paradigm shift to precision medicine and personalized healthcare. This suggestion advocates the definition of disease subtypes in a new biomarker-supported nosology framework, yet without empirical consensus on standardization, reliability and interpretability. Although the well-defined neurodegenerative processes, linked to a triad of motor and non-motor preclinical symptoms, are detected by clinical intuition, we undertake an unbiased data-driven approach to identify different patterns of neuropathology distribution based on the naturalistic behavior data inherent to populations in-the-wild. We appraise the role of remote technologies in the definition of digital phenotyping specific to brain-, body- and social-level neurodegenerative subtle symptoms, emphasizing inter- and intra-patient variability powered by deep learning. As such, the present review endeavors to exploit digital technologies and AI to create disease-specific phenotypic explanations, facilitating the understanding of neurodegenerative diseases as "bio-psycho-social" conditions. Not only does this translational effort within explainable digital phenotyping foster the understanding of disease-induced traits, but it also enhances diagnostic and, eventually, treatment personalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hessa Alfalahi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
- Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center (HEIC), Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Sofia B Dias
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center (HEIC), Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ahsan H Khandoker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center (HEIC), Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Kallol Ray Chaudhuri
- Parkinson Foundation, International Center of Excellence, King's College London, Denmark Hills, London, UK
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neurosciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, UK
| | - Leontios J Hadjileontiadis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center (HEIC), Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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26
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Stachowicz K. The role of polyunsaturated fatty acids in neuronal signaling in depression and cognitive processes. Arch Biochem Biophys 2023; 737:109555. [PMID: 36842491 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate research findings on the role of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in neuronal signaling. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are the building blocks of the brain and are responsible for the proper functioning of neurons, synapses, and neuronal communication. The deficiency of a significant component, omega-3 (ω-3) FA, in favor of omega-6 (ω-6) FA can exacerbate the course of mental illness and be one of the triggers of the cascade of neurodegenerative changes. PUFAs play an essential role in transmitting neuronal signals, affecting brain homeostasis. Physicochemical parameters of lipid layers significantly affect their functioning; interactions between lipids and proteins in brain cells are critical for mechanical stability and maintaining adequate elasticity for vesicle budding and membrane fusion. This paper discusses the role of PUFA deficiency or inappropriate ratios in brain tissue. The deficiency is a crucial element in depressive disorders and cognitive impairment, while in Alzheimer's disease, there is some controversy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Stachowicz
- Department of Neurobiology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland.
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27
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Noninvasive Brain Stimulation for Cancer Pain Management in Nonbrain Malignancy: A Meta-Analysis. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2023. [DOI: 10.1155/2023/5612061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Purpose. Noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) has been reported to have analgesic effects on fibromyalgia and chronic neuropathic pain; however, its effects on cancer pain have yet to be determined. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of NIBS on patients with pain secondary to nonbrain malignancy. Methods. Electronic databases including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched from inception through June 5th, 2022. Parallel, randomized, placebo-controlled studies were included that enrolled adult patients with cancer pain, except for that caused by brain tumors, compared NIBS with placebo stimulation, and reported sufficient data for performing meta-analysis. Results. Four parallel, randomized, sham-controlled studies were included: two of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), one of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), and one of cranial electrical stimulation (CES). rTMS significantly improved pain in the subgroup analysis (standardized mean difference (SMD): −1.148, 95% confidence interval (CI): −1.660 to −0.637, (
)), while NIBS was not benefited in reducing pain intensity (SMD: −0.632, 95% CI: −1.356 to 0.092, p = 0.087). Also, NIBS significantly improved depressive symptoms (SMD: −0.665, 95% CI: −1.178 to −0.153, p = 0.011), especially in the form of rTMS (SMD: −0.875, 95% CI: −1.356 to −0.395,
) and tDCS (SMD: −1.082, 95% CI: −1.746 to −0.418, p = 0.001). Conclusion. rTMS significantly improved pain secondary to nonbrain malignancy apart from other forms of NIBS without major adverse events.
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28
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Lv S, Yao K, Zhang Y, Zhu S. NMDA receptors as therapeutic targets for depression treatment: Evidence from clinical to basic research. Neuropharmacology 2023; 225:109378. [PMID: 36539011 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Ketamine, functioning as a channel blocker of the excitatory glutamate-gated N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, displays compelling fast-acting and sustained antidepressant effects for treatment-resistant depression. Over the past decades, clinical and preclinical studies have implied that the pathology of depression is associated with dysfunction of glutamatergic transmission. In particular, the discovery of antidepressant agents modulating NMDA receptor function has prompted breakthroughs for depression treatment compared with conventional antidepressants targeting the monoaminergic system. In this review, we first summarized the signalling pathway of the ketamine-mediated antidepressant effects, based on the glutamate hypothesis of depression. Second, we reviewed the hypotheses of the synaptic mechanism and network of ketamine antidepressant effects within different brain areas and distinct subcellular localizations, including NMDA receptor antagonism on GABAergic interneurons, extrasynaptic and synaptic NMDA receptor-mediated antagonism, and ketamine blocking bursting activities in the lateral habenula. Third, we reviewed the different roles of NMDA receptor subunits in ketamine-mediated cognitive and psychiatric behaviours in genetically-manipulated rodent models. Finally, we summarized the structural basis of NMDA receptor channel blockers and discussed NMDA receptor modulators that have been reported to exert potential antidepressant effects in animal models or in clinical trials. Integrating the cutting-edge technologies of cryo-EM and artificial intelligence-based drug design (AIDD), we expect that the next generation of first-in-class rapid antidepressants targeting NMDA receptors would be an emerging direction for depression therapeutics. This article is part of the Special Issue on 'Ketamine and its Metabolites'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyun Lv
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kejie Yao
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Youyi Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shujia Zhu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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29
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Tang XH, Diao YG, Ren ZY, Zang YY, Zhang GF, Wang XM, Duan GF, Shen JC, Hashimoto K, Zhou ZQ, Yang JJ. A role of GABA A receptor α1 subunit in the hippocampus for rapid-acting antidepressant-like effects of ketamine. Neuropharmacology 2023; 225:109383. [PMID: 36565851 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Ketamine can produce rapid-acting antidepressant effects in treatment-resistant patients with depression. Although alterations in glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission in the brain play a role in depression, the precise molecular mechanisms in these neurotransmission underlying ketamine's antidepressant actions remain largely unknown. Mice exposed to FSS (forced swimming stress) showed depression-like behavior and decreased levels of GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid), but not glutamate, in the hippocampus. Ketamine increased GABA levels and decreased glutamate levels in the hippocampus of mice exposed to FSS. There was a correlation between GABA levels and depression-like behavior. Furthermore, ketamine increased the levels of enzymes and transporters on the GABAergic neurons (SAT1, GAD67, GAD65, VGAT and GAT1) and astrocytes (EAAT2 and GAT3), without affecting the levels of enzymes and transporters (SAT2, VGluT1 and GABAAR γ2) on glutamatergic neurons. Moreover, ketamine caused a decreased expression of GABAAR α1 subunit, which was specifically expressed on GABAergic neurons and astrocytes, an increased GABA synthesis and metabolism in GABAergic neurons, a plasticity change in astrocytes, and an increase in ATP (adenosine triphosphate) contents. Finally, GABAAR antagonist bicuculline or ATP exerted a rapid antidepressant-like effect whereas pretreatment with GABAAR agonist muscimol blocked the antidepressant-like effects of ketamine. In addition, pharmacological activation and inhibition of GABAAR modulated the synthesis and metabolism of GABA, and the plasticity of astrocytes in the hippocampus. The present data suggest that ketamine could increase GABA synthesis and astrocyte plasticity through downregulation of GABAAR α1, increases in GABA, and conversion of GABA into ATP, resulting in a rapid-acting antidepressant-like action. This article is part of the Special Issue on 'Ketamine and its Metabolites'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hui Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yu-Gang Diao
- Department of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhuo-Yu Ren
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan-Yu Zang
- Minister of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guang-Fen Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xing-Ming Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, Japan
| | - Gui-Fang Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Chun Shen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kenji Hashimoto
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, Japan
| | - Zhi-Qiang Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jian-Jun Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
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30
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Changes in Acupuncture-Induced Specific Acupoint Neurotransmitters are Possibly Related to Their Physiological Functions in Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2023; 2023:4849528. [PMID: 36865739 PMCID: PMC9974273 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4849528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated changes in neurotransmitters induced by the application of electroacupuncture (EA) at Zusanli (ST36) and Neiguan (PC6). A total of 30 rats were divided into five groups: sham, ST (EA at bilateral ST36 and ST37), ScT (ST plus previous neurectomy of the bilateral sciatic nerves), ScS (sham plus previous neurectomy of the bilateral sciatic nerve), and PC (EA at bilateral PC6 and PC7). The P2X2 receptor expression was stronger in the sham group than in the ST and PC groups (both p < 0.05) but similar between the sham and ScT groups (p > 0.05). Dopamine levels in the extracellular fluid surrounding the acupoints were higher in the PC group than in the sham and ST groups during the postacupuncture period (both p < 0.05). Glutamate levels in the extracellular fluid surrounding the acupoints were higher in the ST group than in the sham group during the acupuncture period (p < 0.05) and higher in the ST group than in the sham and PC groups during the postacupuncture period (both p < 0.05). Serum adrenaline and noradrenaline levels were higher in the PC group than in the sham, ST, and ScT groups (all p < 0.05). Glutamate levels in the CSF were higher in the ST group than in the sham, ScS, and PC groups (all p < 0.05). GABA levels in the CSF were higher in the ST group than in the sham, ScT, and PC groups (all p < 0.05). EA at ST36 and ST37 and PC6 and PC7 exerted an analgesic effect, EA at PC6 and PC7 can enhance heart function, and EA at ST36 and ST37 modulates the cerebral cortex. However, the study needs an evaluation of direct pain behavior, heart function, and brain function in the future.
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Xie J, Zhong Q, Wu WT, Chen JJ. Multi-omics data reveals the important role of glycerophospholipid metabolism in the crosstalk between gut and brain in depression. J Transl Med 2023; 21:93. [PMID: 36750892 PMCID: PMC9903503 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-03942-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gut microbiota plays a critical role in the onset and development of depression, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are unclear. This study was conducted to observe the characteristics of gut microbiota, lipid metabolism and neurotransmitters in Gut-Liver-Brain axis in depressed mice (DM), and identify some novel perceptions on relationships between gut microbiota and depression. METHODS A mouse model of depression was built used chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). Fecal samples (measuring gut microbiota compositions, microbial genes and lipid metabolites), liver samples (measuring lipid metabolites), and hippocampus (measuring neurotransmitters) were collected. Both univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were used to identify the differential gut microbiota, metabolic signatures and neurotransmitters in DM. RESULTS There were significant differences on both microbial and metabolic signatures between DM and control mice (CM): 71 significantly changed operational taxonomic units (OTUs) (60.56% belonged to phylum Firmicutes) and 405 differential lipid metabolites (51.11% belonged to Glycerophospholipid (GP) metabolism) were identified. Functional analysis showed that depressive-like behaviors (DLB)-related differential microbial genes were mainly enriched in GP metabolism. Weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) showed that DLB-related differential metabolites mainly belonged to GPs. Meanwhile, seven differential neurotransmitters were identified. Comprehensive analysis found that Lachnospiraceae and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) were significantly correlated with 94.20% and 53.14% differential GPs, respectively, and GABA was significantly correlated with three main DLB phenotypes. CONCLUSION Our results provided novel perceptions on the role of Gut-Liver-Brain axis in the onset of depression, and showed that GP metabolism might be the bridge between gut microbiota and depression. "Lachnospiraceae-GP metabolism-GABA" held the promise as a potential way between gut microbiota and brain functions in DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xie
- grid.190737.b0000 0001 0154 0904Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Central Hospital of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400010 China
| | - Qi Zhong
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Wen-tao Wu
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Jian-jun Chen
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016 China
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Wang XL, Miao C, Su Y, Zhang C, Meng X. MAD2B Blunts Chronic Unpredictable Stress and Corticosterone Stimulation-Induced Depression-Like Behaviors in Mice. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2022; 26:137-148. [PMID: 36573299 PMCID: PMC9926055 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyac083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a prevalent and recurrent psychiatric disorder. Aberrant neural structure and activity play fundamental roles in the occurrence of depression. Mitotic arrest deficient protein (MAD2B) is highly expressed in neurons and may be implicated in synaptic plasticity in the central nervous system. However, the effect of MAD2B in depression, as well as the related molecular mechanism, is uncertain. METHODS Here, we employed mouse models of depression induced by chronic unpredictable stress exposure or corticosterone (CORT) stimulation. Depression-like behaviors in mice were evaluated by sucrose preference, forced swimming, and tail suspension tests. Hippocampal MAD2B overexpression was mediated by adeno-associated virus 8 containing enhanced green fluorescent protein. In vitro primary neuronal cells were obtained from the hippocampus of rat embryos and were treated with CORT, and MAD2B overexpression was performed using lentivirus. MAD2B and glutamate metabotropic receptor 4 (GRM4) levels were evaluated by western blots and quantitative PCR. Primary neuronal miR-29b-3p expression was detected by quantitative PCR. RESULTS MAD2B expression was reduced in the hippocampus in mice exhibiting depressive-like behaviors. However, hippocampal MAD2B overexpression protected mice from developing either chronic unpredictable stress- or CORT-induced depression-like behaviors, an effect associated with reduced expression of GRM4, a presynaptic receptor involved in depression. Moreover, MAD2B overexpression in primary neuronal cells also decreased GRM4 expression while enhancing the level of miR-29b-3p; this phenomenon was also observed under CORT stimulation. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest an important role of neuronal MAD2B in the pathogenesis of depression via the miR-29b-3p/GRM4 signaling pathway. MAD2B could be a potential therapeutic target for depressive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yanfang Su
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xianfang Meng
- Correspondence: Xianfang Meng, PhD, Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Research, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, 430030, Wuhan, China ()
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Gasmi A, Nasreen A, Menzel A, Gasmi Benahmed A, Pivina L, Noor S, Peana M, Chirumbolo S, Bjørklund G. Neurotransmitters Regulation and Food Intake: The Role of Dietary Sources in Neurotransmission. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 28:molecules28010210. [PMID: 36615404 PMCID: PMC9822089 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Neurotransmitters (NTs) are biologically active chemicals, which mediate the electrochemical transmission between neurons. NTs control numerous organic functions particularly crucial for life, including movement, emotional responses, and the physical ability to feel pleasure and pain. These molecules are synthesized from simple, very common precursors. Many types of NTs have both excitatory and inhibitory effects. Neurotransmitters' imbalance can cause many diseases and disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, depression, insomnia, increased anxiety, memory loss, etc. Natural food sources containing NTs and/or their precursors would be a potential option to help maintain the balance of NTs to prevent brain and psychiatric disorders. The level of NTs could be influenced, therefore, by targeting dietary habits and nutritional regimens. The progressive implementation of nutritional approaches in clinical practice has made it necessary to infer more about some of the nutritional NTs in neuropsychiatry. However, the importance of the intake of nutritional NTs requires further understanding, since there are no prior significant studies about their bioavailability, clinical significance, and effects on nerve cells. Interventional strategies supported by evidence should be encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Gasmi
- Société Francophone de Nutrithérapie et de Nutrigénétique Appliquée, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Aniqa Nasreen
- Department of Physiology, King Edward Medical University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Alain Menzel
- Laboratoires Réunis, 38, Rue Hiehl, L-6131 Junglinster, Luxembourg
| | - Asma Gasmi Benahmed
- Académie Internationale de Médecine Dentaire Intégrative, 75000 Paris, France
| | - Lyudmila Pivina
- Department of Neurology, Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology, Semey Medical University, 071400 Semey, Kazakhstan
- CONEM Kazakhstan Environmental Health and Safety Research Group, Semey Medical University, 071400 Semey, Kazakhstan
| | - Sàdaf Noor
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Massimiliano Peana
- Department of Chemical, Physical, Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
- CONEM Scientific Secretary, Strada Le Grazie 9, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine, Toften 24, 8610 Mo i Rana, Norway
- Correspondence:
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Is depression the missing link between inflammatory mediators and cancer? Pharmacol Ther 2022; 240:108293. [PMID: 36216210 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Patients with cancer are at greater risk of developing depression in comparison to the general population and this is associated with serious adverse effects, such as poorer quality of life, worse prognosis and higher mortality. Although the relationship between depression and cancer is now well established, a common underlying pathophysiological mechanism between the two conditions is yet to be elucidated. Existing theories of depression, based on monoamine neurotransmitter system dysfunction, are insufficient as explanations of the disorder. Recent advances have implicated neuroinflammatory mechanisms in the etiology of depression and it has been demonstrated that inflammation at a peripheral level may be mirrored centrally in astrocytes and microglia serving to promote chronic levels of inflammation in the brain. Three major routes to depression in cancer in which proinflammatory mediators are implicated, seem likely. Activation of the kynurenine pathway involving cytokines, increases tryptophan catabolism, resulting in diminished levels of serotonin which is widely acknowledged as being the hallmark of depression. It also results in neurotoxic effects on brain regions thought to be involved in the evolution of major depression. Proinflammatory mediators also play a crucial role in impairing regulatory glucocorticoid mediated feedback of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, which is activated by stress and considered to be involved in both depression and cancer. The third route is via the glutamatergic pathway, whereby glutamate excitotoxicity may lead to depression associated with cancer. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying these dysregulated and other newly emerging pathways may provide a rationale for therapeutic targeting, serving to improve the care of cancer patients.
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Ritter C, Buchmann A, Müller ST, Volleberg M, Haynes M, Ghisleni C, Noeske R, Tuura R, Hasler G. Evaluation of Prefrontal γ-Aminobutyric Acid and Glutamate Levels in Individuals With Major Depressive Disorder Using Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. JAMA Psychiatry 2022; 79:1209-1216. [PMID: 36260322 PMCID: PMC9582968 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2022.3384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Importance Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most prevalent illnesses worldwide. Perturbations of the major inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitters, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate (Glu), respectively, as well as Glx (Glu or glutamine [Gln]) have been extensively reported in a multitude of brain areas of individuals with depression, but few studies have examined changes in Gln, the metabolic counterpart of synaptic Glu. Objective To investigate changes in GABA, Glx, Glu, and Gln levels in a voxel in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of participants with no, past, and current MDD using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS). Design, Setting, and Participants This community-based study used a cross-sectional design using 3-T 1H-MRS in participants not taking MDD medication recruited from the community. The sample consisted of 251 healthy controls, 98 participants with a history of past MDD, and 47 participants who met the diagnostic criteria for current MDD. Diagnostic groups were comparable regarding age, education, income, and diet. Data were collected from March 2014 to October 2021, and data were analyzed from October 2021 to June 2022. Main Outcomes and Measures GABA, Glx, Glu, and Gln concentrations in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Results Of 396 included participants, 258 (65.2%) were female, and the mean (SD) age was 25.0 (4.7) years. Compared with healthy controls, those with past MDD and current MDD had lower GABA concentrations (mean [SEM] concentration: healthy controls, 2.70 [0.03] mmol/L; past MDD, 2.49 [0.05] mmol/L; current MDD, 2.54 [0.07] mmol/L; 92 with past MDD vs 236 healthy controls: r = 0.18; P = .002; 44 with current MDD vs 236 healthy controls: r = 0.13; P = .04). Compared with healthy controls, those with past MDD also had lower Glu concentrations (mean [SEM] concentration: healthy controls, 7.52 [0.06] mmol/L; past MDD, 7.23 [0.11] mmol/L; 93 with past MDD vs 234 healthy controls: r = 0.16; P = .01) and higher Gln concentrations (mean [SEM] concentration: healthy controls, 1.63 [0.04] mmol/L; past MDD, 1.84 [0.07] mmol/L; 66 with past MDD 153 healthy controls: r = 0.17; P = .04). Conclusions and Relevance In a large, mostly medication-free community sample, reduced prefrontal GABA concentrations were associated with past MDD, consistent with histopathologic studies reporting reduced glial cell and GABA cell density in the prefrontal cortex in individuals with depression. Patients with MDD also demonstrated increased Gln levels, indicative of increased synaptic Glu release, adding to previous evidence for the Glu hypothesis of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Ritter
- Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Unit of Psychiatry Research, University of Fribourg, Villars-sur-Glâne, Switzerland
- Center of MR Research, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Buchmann
- Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Unit of Psychiatry Research, University of Fribourg, Villars-sur-Glâne, Switzerland
- Center of MR Research, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Martin Volleberg
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Melanie Haynes
- Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Carmen Ghisleni
- Center of MR Research, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Ruth Tuura
- Center of MR Research, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gregor Hasler
- Unit of Psychiatry Research, University of Fribourg, Villars-sur-Glâne, Switzerland
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Postsynaptic Proteins at Excitatory Synapses in the Brain—Relationship with Depressive Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911423. [PMID: 36232725 PMCID: PMC9569598 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Depressive disorders (DDs) are an increasingly common health problem that affects all age groups. DDs pathogenesis is multifactorial. However, it was proven that stress is one of the most important environmental factors contributing to the development of these conditions. In recent years, there has been growing interest in the role of the glutamatergic system in the context of pharmacotherapy of DDs. Thus, it has become increasingly important to explore the functioning of excitatory synapses in pathogenesis and pharmacological treatment of psychiatric disorders (including DDs). This knowledge may lead to the description of new mechanisms of depression and indicate new potential targets for the pharmacotherapy of illness. An excitatory synapse is a highly complex and very dynamic structure, containing a vast number of proteins. This review aimed to discuss in detail the role of the key postsynaptic proteins (e.g., NMDAR, AMPAR, mGluR5, PSD-95, Homer, NOS etc.) in the excitatory synapse and to systematize the knowledge about changes that occur in the clinical course of depression and after antidepressant treatment. In addition, a discussion on the potential use of ligands and/or modulators of postsynaptic proteins at the excitatory synapse has been presented.
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Effective Preparation of [ 18F]Flumazenil Using Copper-Mediated Late-Stage Radiofluorination of a Stannyl Precursor. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27185931. [PMID: 36144667 PMCID: PMC9505495 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: [18F]Flumazenil 1 ([18F]FMZ) is an established positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracer for the imaging of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor subtype, GABAA in the brain. The production of [18F]FMZ 1 for its clinical use has proven to be challenging, requiring harsh radiochemical conditions, while affording low radiochemical yields. Fully characterized, new methods for the improved production of [18F]FMZ 1 are needed. (2) Methods: We investigate the use of late-stage copper-mediated radiofluorination of aryl stannanes to improve the production of [18F]FMZ 1 that is suitable for clinical use. Mass spectrometry was used to identify the chemical by-products that were produced under the reaction conditions. (3) Results: The radiosynthesis of [18F]FMZ 1 was fully automated using the iPhase FlexLab radiochemistry module, affording a 22.2 ± 2.7% (n = 5) decay-corrected yield after 80 min. [18F]FMZ 1 was obtained with a high radiochemical purity (>98%) and molar activity (247.9 ± 25.9 GBq/µmol). (4) Conclusions: The copper-mediated radiofluorination of the stannyl precursor is an effective strategy for the production of clinically suitable [18F]FMZ 1.
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Triastuti NJ, Herawati E. Demographic characteristics and anxiety in the educational setting during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia: A cross-sectional study. Health Sci Rep 2022; 5:e792. [PMID: 36000080 PMCID: PMC9387899 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims This study aims to analyze the relationship between gender, age, occupation, residence, and anxiety in the education environment during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods This study used a descriptive-analytic cross-sectional design to determine anxiety using the DASS 42 questionnaire given to 181 respondents. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling, and the data analysis used was the Chi-square test and multivariate analysis. Results It was found that 66.7% of teenagers experienced anxiety, while 33.3% of adults experienced anxiety. In addition, the school-age community (86.2%) experienced higher anxiety compared with the working-age community (13.8%) who experienced anxiety. Women experienced more significant anxiety (66.7%) compared with men (33.3%). People living on the island of Java (74.7%) have a greater incidence of anxiety compared with people living outside Java (25.3%). Conclusion There is a significant relationship between the type of occupation and the incidence of anxiety with p < 0.05 (OR = 0.341). A significant correlation was found between age with the incidence of anxiety with p < 0.05 (OR = 0.489). The demographic factors altogether had significant relationships with the anxiety in the educational environment during the COVID-19 pandemic with a p value < 0.05 and R Square of 0.069. There is a strong relationship between the demographic factors and the incidence of anxiety in the community's educational environment during the COVID-19 pandemic with p < 0.05. It is suggested that women, school-age communities, or the un-employment community need to be supported to alleviate the impact of COVID-19 on anxiety through several programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Juni Triastuti
- Department of Medical Education Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta Indonesia
| | - Erna Herawati
- Department of Psychiatry Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta Indonesia
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Domin H. Group III metabotropic glutamate receptors as promising targets for neuroprotective therapy: Particular emphasis on the role of mGlu4 and mGlu7 receptors. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2022; 219:173452. [PMID: 36030890 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2022.173452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
There is still no effective treatment for central nervous system (CNS) pathologies, including cerebral ischemia, neurotrauma, and neurodegenerative diseases in which the Glu/GABA balance is disturbed with associated excitotoxicity. It is thus important to search for new efficacious therapeutic strategies. Preclinical studies on the role of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) in neuroprotection conducted over the years show that these receptors may have therapeutic potential in these CNS disorders. However, clinical trials, especially for treating Parkinson's disease, have been unsatisfactory. This review focuses on the specific role of group III mGluRs in neuroprotection in experimental in vitro and in vivo models of excitotoxicity/neurotoxicity using neurotoxins as well as ischemia, traumatic brain injury, and neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's diseases, and multiple sclerosis. The review highlights recent preclinical studies in which group III mGluR ligands (especially those acting at mGluR4 or mGluR7) were administered after damage, thus emphasizing the importance of the therapeutic time window in the treatment of ischemic stroke and traumatic brain injury. From a clinical standpoint, the review also highlights studies using group III mGluR agonists with favorable neuroprotective efficacy (histological and functional) in experimental ischemic stroke, including healthy normotensive and-hypertensive rats. This review also summarizes possible mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective activity of the group III mGluR ligands, which may be helpful in developing more effective and safe therapeutic strategies. Therefore, to fully assess the role of these receptors in neuroprotection, it is necessary to uncover new selective ligands, primarily those stimulating mGlu4 and mGlu7 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Domin
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Neurobiology, 12 Smętna Street, 31-343 Kraków, Poland.
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Chen MX, Oh YS, Kim Y. S100A10 and its binding partners in depression and antidepressant actions. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:953066. [PMID: 36046712 PMCID: PMC9423026 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.953066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
S100A10 (p11) is an emerging player in the neurobiology of depression and antidepressant actions. p11 was initially thought to be a modulator of serotonin receptor (5-HTR) trafficking and serotonergic transmission, though newly identified binding partners of p11 and neurobiological studies of these proteins have shed light on multifunctional roles for p11 in the regulation of glutamatergic transmission, calcium signaling and nuclear events related to chromatin remodeling, histone modification, and gene transcription. This review article focuses on direct binding partners of p11 in the brain including 5-HTRs, mGluR5, annexin A2, Ahnak, Smarca3, and Supt6h, as well as their roles in neuronal function, particularly in the context of depressive-like behavior as well as behavioral effects of antidepressant drug treatments in mice. In addition, we discuss neurobiological insights from recently uncovered p11 pathways in multiple types of neurons and non-neuronal cells and cast major remaining questions for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle X. Chen
- University of Iowa Medical Scientist Training Program, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, United States
| | - Yong-Seok Oh
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, South Korea
| | - Yong Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
- Brain Health Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
- *Correspondence: Yong Kim
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Yesiltepe M, Cimen B, Sara Y. Effects of chronic vagal nerve stimulation in the treatment of β-amyloid-induced neuropsychiatric symptoms. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 931:175179. [PMID: 35973478 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia and, at the time of diagnosis, half of AD patients display at least one neuropsychiatric symptom (NPS). However, there is no effective therapy for NPSs; furthermore, current treatments of NPSs accelerate cognitive decline. Due to the ineffectiveness and negative consequences of current treatments for NPSs, new approaches are strongly needed. Currently, indications for vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) include epilepsy, stroke rehabilitation and major depression but not NPSs or AD. Therefore, we investigated whether chronic VNS can treat NPSs in a rat model of AD. Here, we report the intracerebroventricular injection of amyloid-β (Aβ) results in depression-like behaviors and memory impairment in rats. Chronic VNS (0.8 mA, 500 μs, 30 Hz, 5 min/day) showed strong antidepressant and anxiolytic effects, and improved memory performance. Additionally, the anxiolytic effect of VNS was retained in the non-Aβ-treated rats. VNS also decreased aggressiveness and increased locomotor activity in both Aβ-treated and non-Aβ-treated rats. Recent studies showed VNS alters glutamatergic receptor levels, thus levels of GluA1, GluN2A, and GluN2B were determined. A significant reduction in GluN2B levels was seen in the hippocampus of VNS-treated groups which may relate to the anxiolytic effects and increased locomotor activity of VNS. In conclusion, VNS could be an effective treatment of NPSs, especially depression and anxiety, in AD patients without impairing cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Metin Yesiltepe
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, NJ, USA
| | - Bariscan Cimen
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yildirim Sara
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
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Oh SJ, Lee N, Nam KR, Kang KJ, Han SJ, Lee KC, Lee YJ, Choi JY. Amyloid pathology induces dysfunction of systemic neurotransmission in aged APPswe/PS2 mice. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:930613. [PMID: 35992913 PMCID: PMC9389227 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.930613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate how amyloid pathology affects the functional aspects of neurotransmitter systems in Alzheimer’s disease. APPswe/PS2 mice (21 months of age) and wild-type (WT) mice underwent positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). First, we obtained 18F-FDG and 18F-florbetaben PET scans to evaluate neuronal integrity and amyloid pathology. Second, 18F-FPEB and 18F-FMZ PET data were acquired to assess the excitatory-inhibitory neurotransmission. Third, to monitor the dopamine system, 18F-fallypride PET was performed. Amyloid PET imaging revealed that radioactivity was higher in the AD group than that in the WT group, which was validated by immunohistochemistry. In the cortical and limbic areas, the AD group showed a 25–27% decrease and 14–35% increase in the glutamatergic and GABAergic systems, respectively. The dopaminergic system in the AD group exhibited a 29% decrease in brain uptake compared with that in the WT group. A reduction in glutamate, N-acetylaspartate, and taurine levels was observed in the AD group using MRS. Our results suggest that dysfunction of the neurotransmitter system is associated with AD pathology. Among the systems, the GABAergic system was prominent, implying that the inhibitory neurotransmission system may be the most vulnerable to AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Jong Oh
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Namhun Lee
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung Rok Nam
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung Jun Kang
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Jin Han
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyo Chul Lee
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong Jin Lee
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Yong Choi
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
- Radiological and Medico-Oncological Sciences, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Jae Yong Choi,
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Meade E, Garvey M. The Role of Neuro-Immune Interaction in Chronic Pain Conditions; Functional Somatic Syndrome, Neurogenic Inflammation, and Peripheral Neuropathy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158574. [PMID: 35955708 PMCID: PMC9369187 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional somatic syndromes are increasingly diagnosed in chronically ill patients presenting with an array of symptoms not attributed to physical ailments. Conditions such as chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia syndrome, or irritable bowel syndrome are common disorders that belong in this broad category. Such syndromes are characterised by the presence of one or multiple chronic symptoms including widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, sleep disorders, and abdominal pain, amongst other issues. Symptoms are believed to relate to a complex interaction of biological and psychosocial factors, where a definite aetiology has not been established. Theories suggest causative pathways between the immune and nervous systems of affected individuals with several risk factors identified in patients presenting with one or more functional syndromes. Risk factors including stress and childhood trauma are now recognised as important contributors to chronic pain conditions. Emotional, physical, and sexual abuse during childhood is considered a severe stressor having a high prevalence in functional somatic syndrome suffers. Such trauma permanently alters the biological stress response of the suffers leading to neuroexcitatory and other nerve issues associated with chronic pain in adults. Traumatic and chronic stress results in epigenetic changes in stress response genes, which ultimately leads to dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, the autonomic nervous system, and the immune system manifesting in a broad array of symptoms. Importantly, these systems are known to be dysregulated in patients suffering from functional somatic syndrome. Functional somatic syndromes are also highly prevalent co-morbidities of psychiatric conditions, mood disorders, and anxiety. Consequently, this review aims to provide insight into the role of the nervous system and immune system in chronic pain disorders associated with the musculoskeletal system, and central and peripheral nervous systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Meade
- Department of Life Science, Atlantic Technological University, F91 YW50 Sligo, Ireland;
| | - Mary Garvey
- Department of Life Science, Atlantic Technological University, F91 YW50 Sligo, Ireland;
- Centre for Precision Engineering, Materials and Manufacturing Research (PEM), Atlantic Technological University, F91 YW50 Sligo, Ireland
- Correspondence:
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Singh S, Sharma P, Pal N, Kumawat M, Shubham S, Sarma DK, Tiwari RR, Kumar M, Nagpal R. Impact of Environmental Pollutants on Gut Microbiome and Mental Health via the Gut–Brain Axis. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10071457. [PMID: 35889175 PMCID: PMC9317668 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last few years, the microbiome has emerged as a high-priority research area to discover missing links between brain health and gut dysbiosis. Emerging evidence suggests that the commensal gut microbiome is an important regulator of the gut–brain axis and plays a critical role in brain physiology. Engaging microbiome-generated metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids, the immune system, the enteric nervous system, the endocrine system (including the HPA axis), tryptophan metabolism or the vagus nerve plays a crucial role in communication between the gut microbes and the brain. Humans are exposed to a wide range of pollutants in everyday life that impact our intestinal microbiota and manipulate the bidirectional communication between the gut and the brain, resulting in predisposition to psychiatric or neurological disorders. However, the interaction between xenobiotics, microbiota and neurotoxicity has yet to be completely investigated. Although research into the precise processes of the microbiota–gut–brain axis is growing rapidly, comprehending the implications of environmental contaminants remains challenging. In these milieus, we herein discuss how various environmental pollutants such as phthalates, heavy metals, Bisphenol A and particulate matter may alter the intricate microbiota–gut–brain axis thereby impacting our neurological and overall mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samradhi Singh
- National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal 462030, India; (S.S.); (P.S.); (N.P.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (D.K.S.); (R.R.T.)
| | - Poonam Sharma
- National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal 462030, India; (S.S.); (P.S.); (N.P.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (D.K.S.); (R.R.T.)
| | - Namrata Pal
- National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal 462030, India; (S.S.); (P.S.); (N.P.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (D.K.S.); (R.R.T.)
| | - Manoj Kumawat
- National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal 462030, India; (S.S.); (P.S.); (N.P.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (D.K.S.); (R.R.T.)
| | - Swasti Shubham
- National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal 462030, India; (S.S.); (P.S.); (N.P.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (D.K.S.); (R.R.T.)
| | - Devojit Kumar Sarma
- National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal 462030, India; (S.S.); (P.S.); (N.P.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (D.K.S.); (R.R.T.)
| | - Rajnarayan R. Tiwari
- National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal 462030, India; (S.S.); (P.S.); (N.P.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (D.K.S.); (R.R.T.)
| | - Manoj Kumar
- National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal 462030, India; (S.S.); (P.S.); (N.P.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (D.K.S.); (R.R.T.)
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (R.N.)
| | - Ravinder Nagpal
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32302, USA
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (R.N.)
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Xue X, Pan J, Zhang H, Lu Y, Mao Q, Ma K. Baihe Dihuang (Lilium Henryi Baker and Rehmannia Glutinosa) decoction attenuates somatostatin interneurons deficits in prefrontal cortex of depression via miRNA-144-3p mediated GABA synthesis and release. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 292:115218. [PMID: 35337919 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Baihe Dihuang Decoction is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine prescription (Also known as Lilium Henryi Baker and Rehmannia Glutinosa Decoction, LBRD) composed of Lilium Henryi Baker bulb and raw juice from Rehmannia Glutinosa (Gaertn) DC with the curative efficacy of nourishing yin and clearing heat based on the Chinese herbal medicine theory. It has been used as routine medication in treating depression combined with conventional western medicine in China for years. AIM OF THE STUDY LBRD can attenuates GABAergic deficits in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of depression. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of antidepressive properties of LBRD in the prefrontal GABAergic interneuron subtypes, including parvalbumin (PV), somatostatin (SST), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-positive neuron. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this project, chronic unpredicted mild stress paradigm was adopted to construct depression model. After treated with LBRD standard decoction and behaviors test, the level of GABA associated miRNA/mRNA and GABAergic subtype-specific markers were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot. The lncRNAs/miRNAs/GABA regulatory axis was verified by luciferase reporter assay, RNA immunoprecipitation, RNA pull-down assay, and theses changes were measured in LBRD administration with the use of immunofluorescence staining and RNA-fluorescence in situ hybridization. RESULTS In the current study, we found that LBRD exhibited high efficacy based on the results of behavioral tests. Meanwhile, LBRD also improved the reduced GABA levels in depression by increasing the expression of lncRNA Neat1 and Malat1, as well as decreasing miRNA-144-3p and miRNA-15b-5p. Moreover, the level of Sst mRNA and protein that were harvested from the mPFC tissues of depression group was significantly lower than those in the control mice. While, these changes can be reverted by LBRD standard decoction administration. Whereas, neither chronic stress nor treatment can change the level of PV and VIP mRNAs and protein expression. In the SST-positive neuron of mPFC tissues, treatment with LBRD standard decoction resulted in the elevation of Gad-67, VGAT, GAT-3 and a reduction of miRNA-144-3p expression. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggested that LBRD antidepressant activities may be related to ameliorating the SST-positive neuron deficits via regulating the miRNA-144-3p mediated GABA synthesis and release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Xue
- Shandong Co-Innovation Center of Classic TCM Formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, PR China
| | - Jin Pan
- Shandong Co-Innovation Center of Classic TCM Formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, PR China
| | - Hongxiu Zhang
- Shandong Co-Innovation Center of Classic TCM Formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, PR China; Institute of Virology, Jinan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, 250021, PR China
| | - Yanting Lu
- Shandong Co-Innovation Center of Classic TCM Formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, PR China
| | - Qiancheng Mao
- Shandong Co-Innovation Center of Classic TCM Formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, PR China
| | - Ke Ma
- Shandong Co-Innovation Center of Classic TCM Formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, PR China.
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Effects of Chronic Inhalation of Electronic Cigarette Vapor Containing Nicotine on Neurobehaviors and Pre/Postsynaptic Neuron Markers. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10060338. [PMID: 35736946 PMCID: PMC9229830 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10060338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Nicotine-exposed animal models exhibit neurobehavioral changes linked to impaired synaptic plasticity. Previous studies highlighted alterations in neurotransmitter levels following nicotine exposure. Vesicular glutamate transporter (VGLUT1) and vesicular gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transporter (VGAT) are essential for the transport and release of glutamate and GABA, respectively, from presynaptic neurons into synapses. In our work, an e-cigarette device was used to deliver vapor containing nicotine to C57BL/6J mice for four weeks. Novel object recognition, locomotion, and Y-maze tests were performed to investigate the behavioral parameters. Protein studies were conducted to study the hippocampal expression of VGLUT1, VGAT, and postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95) as well as brain cytokine markers. Long-term memory and locomotion tests revealed that e-cigarette aerosols containing nicotine modulated recognition memory and motor behaviors. We found that vapor exposure increased VGLUT1 expression and decreased VGAT expression in the hippocampus. No alterations were found in PSD95 expression. We observed that vapor-containing nicotine exposure altered certain brain cytokines such as IFNβ-1 and MCP-5. Our work provides evidence of an association between neurobehavioral changes and altered hippocampal VGLUT1 and VGAT expression in mice exposed to e-cigarette vapors containing nicotine. Such exposure was also associated with altered neurobehaviors, which might affect neurodegenerative diseases.
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Cazzaniga A, Fedele G, Castiglioni S, Maier JA. The Presence of Blood-Brain Barrier Modulates the Response to Magnesium Salts in Human Brain Organoids. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095133. [PMID: 35563524 PMCID: PMC9104490 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) is fundamental in the brain, where it regulates metabolism and neurotransmission and protects against neuroinflammation. To obtain insights into the molecular basis of Mg action in the brain, we investigated the effects of Mg in human brain organoids, a revolutionary 3D model to study neurobiology and neuropathology. In particular, brain organoids derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells were cultured in the presence or in the absence of an in vitro-generated blood–brain barrier (BBB), and then exposed to 1 or 5 mM concentrations of inorganic and organic Mg salts (Mg sulphate (MgSO4); Mg pidolate (MgPid)). We evaluated the modulation of NMDA and GABAergic receptors, and BDNF. Our data suggest that the presence of the BBB is essential for Mg to exert its effects on brain organoids, and that 5 mM of MgPid is more effective than MgSO4 in increasing the levels of GABA receptors and BDNF, and decreasing those of NMDA receptor. These results might illuminate novel pathways explaining the neuroprotective role of Mg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Cazzaniga
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (G.F.); (S.C.); (J.A.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Giorgia Fedele
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (G.F.); (S.C.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Sara Castiglioni
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (G.F.); (S.C.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Jeanette A. Maier
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (G.F.); (S.C.); (J.A.M.)
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Nanostructured Materials and Interfaces (CIMaINa), Università di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
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Clinical and Preclinical Studies of Fermented Foods and Their Effects on Alzheimer’s Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050883. [PMID: 35624749 PMCID: PMC9137914 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The focus on managing Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is shifting towards prevention through lifestyle modification instead of treatments since the currently available treatment options are only capable of providing symptomatic relief marginally and result in various side effects. Numerous studies have reported that the intake of fermented foods resulted in the successful management of AD. Food fermentation is a biochemical process where the microorganisms metabolize the constituents of raw food materials, giving vastly different organoleptic properties and additional nutritional value, and improved biosafety effects in the final products. The consumption of fermented foods is associated with a wide array of nutraceutical benefits, including anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anti-apoptotic, anti-cancer, anti-fungal, anti-bacterial, immunomodulatory, and hypocholesterolemic properties. Due to their promising health benefits, fermented food products have a great prospect for commercialization in the food industry. This paper reviews the memory and cognitive enhancement and neuroprotective potential of fermented food products on AD, the recently commercialized fermented food products in the health and food industries, and their limitations. The literature reviewed here demonstrates a growing demand for fermented food products as alternative therapeutic options for the prevention and management of AD.
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Singh K, Kumar P, Bhatia R, Mehta V, Kumar B, Akhtar MJ. Nipecotic acid as potential lead molecule for the development of GABA uptake inhibitors; structural insights and design strategies. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 234:114269. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Farzin M, Hassanpour S, Zendehdel M, Vazir B, Asghari A. Effects of Intracerebroventricular Injection of Spexin and its Interaction with NPY, GalR 2 and GalR 3 Receptors on the Central Food Intake Regulation and Nutritional Behavior in Broiler Chickens. Neurosci Lett 2022; 777:136589. [PMID: 35346778 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Food intake and appetite in birds can be adjusted by the complex homeostatic control mechanisms. There seem to be many similarities between mammalian and avian species in terms of the regulatory feeding systems. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of ICV injection of spexin and its interaction with GalR and NPY receptors on central food intake regulation and nutritional behavior in broiler chickens. In experiment 1, chicken received ICV injection of saline, spexin (2.5nmol), spexin (5nmol) and spexin (10nmol). In experiment 2, birds received ICV injection of saline, B5063 (NPY1 receptor antagonist 1.25µg), spexin (10nmol) and B5063+spexin. In experiments 3-6, SF22 (NPY2 receptor antagonist ,1.25µg), ML0891 (NPY5 receptor antagonist ,1.25µg), M871 (GalR2 receptor antagonist ,10nmol) and SNAP37889 (GalR3 receptor antagonist,10nmol) were injected in chickens instead of B5063. Then food intake was measured until 120 minutes after the injection and nutritional behavior was monitored at 30 minutes after the injection. Based on the data, a dose-dependent hypophagia was observed by the injection of spexin (P<0.05). Concomitant injection of B5063+spexin enhanced spexin-induced hypophagia (P<0.05). Co-injection of SNAP37889+spexin (10nmol) attenuated -induced hypophagia (P<0.05). Spexin (5 and 10 nmol) decreased number of steps, jumps, the exploratory food and pecks at 15 minutes after the injection (P<0.05). Spexin (5 and 10nmol) decreased standing time while siting time and rest time increased at 10 minutes after injection (P<0.05). Based on observations, spexin-induced hypophagia could be mediated by NPY1 and GalR3 receptors in neonatal broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohaya Farzin
- Division of Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahin Hassanpour
- Division of Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Morteza Zendehdel
- Division of Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, 14155-6453 Tehran, Iran
| | - Bita Vazir
- Division of Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Asghari
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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