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Coutelle R, Balzer J, Rolling J, Lalanne L. Problematic gaming, psychiatric comorbidities, and adolescence: A systematic review of the literature. Addict Behav 2024; 157:108091. [PMID: 38901145 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.108091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Problematic gaming is particularly prevalent in adolescent and young adult populations. While numerous studies have investigated the psychiatric comorbidities of Internet Gaming Disorder in young adults, few have focused specifically on adolescents who might be especially at risk because developmental particularities related to this developmental period. Here, we conducted a review of the literature, in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, in order to highlight the types of psychiatric comorbidities found in adolescents with problematic gaming.. We selected and analyzed 30 cross-sectional and longitudinal studies which correspond to 3683 adolescents (63,27% of boys) worldwide with problematic gaming. Our results highlight the high prevalence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in adolescents with problematic gaming and the links between this addiction and inattention, anxiety, depression, behavioural and emotional problems. These psychiatric comorbidities interact with problematic gaming and predict it throughout the adolescent's development. Moreover, this interaction involves personality profile and environment, including parental education. The complexity of this interaction argues in favor of the multi-level assessment that we are promoting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Coutelle
- INSERM 1329, Team Psychiatry, Psychiatric Clinic, University Hospitals of Strasbourg, Federation of Medicine of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France; Hôpital du Hasenrain, GHRMSA, 87 Avenue d'Altkirch, 68051 Mulhouse, France.
| | - Julie Balzer
- University Hospitals of Strasbourg, Department of Psychiatry, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Service, Centre of Excellence STRAS&ND, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Julie Rolling
- University Hospitals of Strasbourg, Department of Psychiatry, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Service, Centre of Excellence STRAS&ND, 67000 Strasbourg, France; Regional Center for Psychotraumatism Great East, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France; Medico-Psychological Emergency Unit, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France; Department of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addictology, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France; CNRS UPR 3212, Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Laurence Lalanne
- University Hospitals of Strasbourg, Department of Addiction Medicine, 67000 Strasbourg, France; INSERM 1329, Team Addictions, Strasbourg Translational Neuroscience & Psychiatry Unit, CRBS, 1 Rue Eugène Boeckel, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
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Gomes K, Goldman RD. Screen time and sleep in children. CANADIAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN MEDECIN DE FAMILLE CANADIEN 2024; 70:388-390. [PMID: 38886082 PMCID: PMC11280700 DOI: 10.46747/cfp.7006388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
QUESTION I continue to hear concerns from parents in my practice about the frequent use of light-emitting devices by their children. I have also found that many children suffer from sleep disturbances. What are the effects of screen time on sleep, and what are some best practices for sleep hygiene and screen use among children? ANSWER Screen time is higher now than before the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, and knowledge about the effects of screen time is evolving. Spending time in front of a screen may replace sleep time or sleep-promoting activities such as exercise, and the engaging content and social interactions on screens interfere with falling asleep. Evidence exists on the disruption of the circadian rhythm by light emitted by screens. Advice to families should include sleep hygiene activities as well as elimination of screen use at least 1 hour before sleep.
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Wang W, Zhao Z, Ning H. A tree-based corpus annotated with Cyber-Syndrome, symptoms, and acupoints. Sci Data 2024; 11:482. [PMID: 38730023 PMCID: PMC11087536 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-024-03321-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Prolonged and over-excessive interaction with cyberspace poses a threat to people's health and leads to the occurrence of Cyber-Syndrome, which covers not only physiological but also psychological disorders. This paper aims to create a tree-shaped gold-standard corpus that annotates the Cyber-Syndrome, clinical manifestations, and acupoints that can alleviate their symptoms or signs, designating this corpus as CS-A. In the CS-A corpus, this paper defines six entities and relations subject to annotation. There are 448 texts to annotate in total manually. After three rounds of updating the annotation guidelines, the inter-annotator agreement (IAA) improved significantly, resulting in a higher IAA score of 86.05%. The purpose of constructing CS-A corpus is to increase the popularity of Cyber-Syndrome and draw attention to its subtle impact on people's health. Meanwhile, annotated corpus promotes the development of natural language processing technology. Some model experiments can be implemented based on this corpus, such as optimizing and improving models for discontinuous entity recognition, nested entity recognition, etc. The CS-A corpus has been uploaded to figshare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxi Wang
- School of Computer & Communication Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhan Zhao
- School of Computer & Communication Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Huansheng Ning
- School of Computer & Communication Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Han X, Zhou E, Liu D. Electronic Media Use and Sleep Quality: Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Med Internet Res 2024; 26:e48356. [PMID: 38533835 PMCID: PMC11077410 DOI: 10.2196/48356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This paper explores the widely discussed relationship between electronic media use and sleep quality, indicating negative effects due to various factors. However, existing meta-analyses on the topic have some limitations. OBJECTIVE The study aims to analyze and compare the impacts of different digital media types, such as smartphones, online games, and social media, on sleep quality. METHODS Adhering to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, the study performed a systematic meta-analysis of literature across multiple databases, including Web of Science, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and Google Scholar, from January 2018 to October 2023. Two trained coders coded the study characteristics independently. The effect sizes were calculated using the correlation coefficient as a standardized measure of the relationship between electronic media use and sleep quality across studies. The Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software (version 3.0) was used to perform the meta-analysis. Statistical methods such as funnel plots were used to assess the presence of asymmetry and a p-curve test to test the p-hacking problem, which can indicate publication bias. RESULTS Following a thorough screening process, the study involved 55 papers (56 items) with 41,716 participants from over 20 countries, classifying electronic media use into "general use" and "problematic use." The meta-analysis revealed that electronic media use was significantly linked with decreased sleep quality and increased sleep problems with varying effect sizes across subgroups. A significant cultural difference was also observed in these effects. General use was associated with a significant decrease in sleep quality (P<.001). The pooled effect size was 0.28 (95% CI 0.21-0.35; k=20). Problematic use was associated with a significant increase in sleep problems (P≤.001). The pooled effect size was 0.33 (95% CI 0.28-0.38; k=36). The subgroup analysis indicated that the effect of general smartphone use and sleep problems was r=0.33 (95% CI 0.27-0.40), which was the highest among the general group. The effect of problematic internet use and sleep problems was r=0.51 (95% CI 0.43-0.59), which was the highest among the problematic groups. There were significant differences among these subgroups (general: Qbetween=14.46, P=.001; problematic: Qbetween=27.37, P<.001). The results of the meta-regression analysis using age, gender, and culture as moderators indicated that only cultural difference in the relationship between Eastern and Western culture was significant (Qbetween=6.69; P=.01). All funnel plots and p-curve analyses showed no evidence of publication and selection bias. CONCLUSIONS Despite some variability, the study overall confirms the correlation between increased electronic media use and poorer sleep outcomes, which is notably more significant in Eastern cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoning Han
- School of Journalism and Communication, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Enze Zhou
- School of Journalism and Communication, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Liu
- School of Journalism and Communication, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
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Leino T, Finserås TR, Skogen JC, Pallesen S, Kristensen JH, Mentzoni RA, Sivertsen B. Examining the relationship between non-suicidal self-harm and suicidality within the past 12-months and gaming problems in Norwegian full-time students. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:234. [PMID: 38549054 PMCID: PMC10976819 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05694-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although gaming problems are associated with poor mental health, few population-based studies have examined its association with self-harm and suicidality. This study investigates the association between gaming problems, non-suicidal self-harm and suicidality within the past year, stratified by sex among Norwegian full-time students. METHODS Data derived from the Norwegian Students' Health and Wellbeing Study 2022 (N = 59,544). The respondents were categorized into non-gamers, recreational gamers, engaged gamers, problematic gamers, and addicted gamers based on the Game Addiction Scale for Adolescents. Log-link binomial regression models, stratified by sex, adjusted for age, were used to estimate the risk ratio of non-suicidal self-harm (ideation and behavior) and suicidal behaviors (ideation and attempt) across different levels of gaming problems. RESULTS Among females, the risk of non-suicidal self-harm and suicidal ideation increased from non-gamer to problem gamer, with no differences between problem and addicted gamers. Among males, the risk of non-suicidal self-harm increased from non-gamers to engaged gamers, but no differences were observed between engaged, problematic, and addicted gamers. No sex × gaming category interaction was observed for suicide attempts. Engaged and addicted gamers had higher risks of suicide attempt than non-gamers and recreational gamers. CONCLUSIONS Gaming problems are associated with increased risk of non-suicidal self-harm and suicidal ideation among females. Among males, no differences were observed between engaged, problem and addicted gamers. The results highlight sex when studying health related outcomes and their association to level of gaming problems. Longitudinal studies are warranted to uncover the temporal mechanisms between IGD, non-suicidal self-harm and suicidality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Leino
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, 5015, Norway.
- Norwegian Competence Center for Gambling and Gaming Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, 5015, Norway.
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, 5015, Norway.
| | - Turi Reiten Finserås
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, 5015, Norway
| | - Jens Christoffer Skogen
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, 5015, Norway
- Centre for Evaluation of Public Health Measures, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, 0473, Norway
- Alcohol and Drug Research Western Norway, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, 4068, Norway
| | - Ståle Pallesen
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, 5015, Norway
- Norwegian Competence Center for Gambling and Gaming Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, 5015, Norway
| | - Joakim Hellumbråten Kristensen
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, 5015, Norway
- Norwegian Competence Center for Gambling and Gaming Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, 5015, Norway
| | - Rune Aune Mentzoni
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, 5015, Norway
- Norwegian Competence Center for Gambling and Gaming Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, 5015, Norway
| | - Børge Sivertsen
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, 5015, Norway
- Department of Research and Innovation, Helse Fonna HF, Haugesund, 5525, Norway
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André F, Bore P, Toresson T, Andersson M, Claesdotter-Knutsson E. The relationship between game genre, monetization strategy and symptoms of gaming disorder in a clinical sample of adolescents. Ups J Med Sci 2024; 129:10386. [PMID: 38571884 PMCID: PMC10989217 DOI: 10.48101/ujms.v129.10386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Gaming disorder (GD) has been introduced as a new diagnosis in the International Classification of Disease 11 (ICD-11). Currently, there's limited understanding of how various video games may differentially contribute to the risk of developing GD. The main aim of this study was to examine the relationship between individuals' game genre preferences, their preferred games' monetization strategies, and GD Symptoms. Methods A total of 85 patients undergoing treatment for GD at a child and youth psychiatric clinic were included in the study. Their preferred games were classified into five novel genres based on gameplay similarities and objectives, and further categorized based on their monetization strategy. Results Symptom burden of GD, measured with Game Addiction Scale for Adolescents (GASA), was highest for those playing Free-to-Play (F2P) games and lowest for Pay-to-Play (P2P) players. Players of Competitive Games endorsed higher GD symptom burden, whereas players of Story-driven games reported lower GD symptom burden. Symptoms of GD were associated with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnosis in males. Conclusions This study reveals that game genre preference is influenced by sex, age, and certain psychiatric diagnoses. The categorizing of games into genres is increasingly complex and our research introduces a novel categorization in a developing research field. The result of this study suggests that the monetization model is important to consider while trying to understand the relationship between game characteristics and GD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frida André
- Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section for Psychiatry, Lund, Sweden
| | - Per Bore
- Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section for Psychiatry, Lund, Sweden
- Region Skåne, Malmö Addiction Center, Clinical Addiction Research Unit, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Mitchell Andersson
- Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section for Psychiatry, Lund, Sweden
- Region Skåne, Malmö Addiction Center, Clinical Addiction Research Unit, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Emma Claesdotter-Knutsson
- Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section for Psychiatry, Lund, Sweden
- Region Skåne, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Regional Outpatient Care, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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Ghazi FR, Gan WY, Tung SEH, Chen IH, Poon WC, Siaw YL, Ruckwongpatr K, Chen JS, Huang SW, Griffiths MD, Lin CY. Problematic Gaming in Malaysian University Students: Translation and Psychometric Evaluation of the Malay Language Versions of Gaming Disorder Test and Gaming Disorder Scale for Young Adults. Eval Health Prof 2024; 47:93-104. [PMID: 37365830 DOI: 10.1177/01632787231185845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
As research on gaming disorder (GD) is growing globally, the need for a valid and reliable instrument to assess GD has become crucial. Therefore, the present cross-sectional study translated and evaluated the psychometric properties of Gaming Disorder Test (GDT) and Gaming Disorder Scale for Young Adults (GADIS-YA) into Malay language versions. The sample comprised 624 university students (females = 75.6%; mean age = 22.27 years) recruited via an online survey from May to August 2022, using a convenience sampling method. Participants completed both GDT and GADIS-YA scales and other relevant measures including Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS), Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short Form (IGDS9-SF), and time spent on social media and gaming. Results showed that both instruments reported satisfactory internal consistency, and confirmatory factor analysis supported the one-factor structure for GDT and two-factor structure for GADIS-YA. Both scales were strongly correlated with each other and with the IGDS9-SF, BSMAS, and time spent on social media and gaming, supporting concurrent validity. Measurement invariance of both scales was confirmed across gender and gaming time. These findings suggest that the Malay versions of GDT and GADIS-YA are reliable and valid measures of problematic gaming among Malaysian university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Raihana Ghazi
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wan Ying Gan
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Serene En Hui Tung
- Division of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - I-Hua Chen
- Chinese Academy of Education Big Data, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, China
| | - Wai Chuen Poon
- Sunway Business School, Sunway University, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yan-Li Siaw
- Faculty of Education, Universiti Malaya, Malaysia
| | - Kamolthip Ruckwongpatr
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Sheng Chen
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Wei Huang
- Institute of Environmental Toxin and Emerging Contaminant, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Center for Environmental Toxin and Emerging-contaminant Research, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Mark D Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Chung-Ying Lin
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Biostatistics Consulting Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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J. Gurjar Y, Nikita S, Himalay J, Margi J, Rajveersinh J, Abhishek J, Harsh H, Jaydip J. The Prevalence of Internet Gaming Disorder and its Associated Factors Among College Students in Saurashtra Region, Gujarat, India. ADDICTION & HEALTH 2024; 16:11-16. [PMID: 38651028 PMCID: PMC11032614 DOI: 10.34172/ahj.2024.1451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Background Internet gaming has become popular in the last few decades; however, very few studies have been conducted on internet gaming in India. This study aimed to investigate internet gaming disorder (IGD), its prevalence, gaming behavior, and effects as well as multiple factors associated with its emergence among college students. Methods This cross-sectional study involved a group of 150 college students. Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire containing the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short Form (IGDS9-SF). Statistical analysis was done using Jamovi software. Findings A total of 150 college student gamers were involved with a mean age of 18.69±0.10 years. The mean IGD score was 18.74 with a standard deviation of 0.53, while the median score was 18. The prevalence of IGD was 5.3% among the participants. The IGD prevalence was higher in male students and those whose mothers had a high school diploma or higher. Gamers who spent more than2 hours a day on games had significantly higher IGD scores (P<0.05). A significant association was also found between tingling/numbness in the hand while playing and physical pain with IGD (P<0.05). Conclusion Spending more time playing online games was significantly associated with a higher risk of IGD. One negative consequence of IGD is the development of physical health issues. It is important to raise awareness about the physical health consequences of excessive gaming among students, parents, institutions, and concerned authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamini J. Gurjar
- Department of Community medicine, Shantbaa medical College & general Hospital, Amreli, India
| | - Savani Nikita
- Department of Community medicine, Swaminarayan Institue of medical Sciences and Research, kalol, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Joshi Himalay
- Shantbaa medical College & general Hospital, Amreli, India
| | - Jani Margi
- Shantbaa medical College & general Hospital, Amreli, India
| | | | - Jani Abhishek
- Shantbaa medical College & general Hospital, Amreli, India
| | - Hirpara Harsh
- Shantbaa medical College & general Hospital, Amreli, India
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Loreto BBL, Sordi AO, de Castro MN, Ornell F, Guarnieri EP, Roza TH, Schuch JB, Cima MDS, Pechansky F, Grevet EH, Grassi-Oliveira R, von Diemen L, Kessler FHP. Proposing an integrative, dynamic and transdiagnostic model for addictions: dysregulation phenomena of the three main modes of the predostatic mind. Front Psychiatry 2024; 14:1298002. [PMID: 38274436 PMCID: PMC10808830 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1298002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Several theories have been proposed to explain the complex diagnostic aspects related to addiction disorders and their development. Recent frameworks tend to focus on dimensional perspectives of symptoms rather than categorical systems, since substance use disorders are frequently comorbid with other psychiatric and especially personality disorders. However, useful transdiagnostic models that could integrate clinical evaluation derived from neuroscientific theories are lacking. In the present manuscript, the authors propose a model based on a new paradigm, in an attempt to better explain this complex, multifaceted phenomenon. The new paradigm presupposes that emotions and behavior are a response to risk prediction. Individuals make choices and engage in actions to manage potential risks/rewards in order to seek or maintain homeostasis in their internal and external environments - a mechanism that the authors call predostatic (predictive mechanism with homeostatic purpose). The model considers three main modes of the predostatic mind: (1) Alarm Mode, activated by high and/or imminent risk prediction; (2) Seek Mode, activated by long-term risk or reward prediction; and (3) Balance Mode, a self-regulating state of mind related to low risk prediction, a soothing system and a calm state. Addiction is seen as a chronic dysregulation of organism systems leading to internalizing or externalizing phenomena mainly related to the Seek and Alarm Modes, which are persistently activated by reward and risk prediction, respectively, thus hindering Balance. Addiction neuroscience research has shown that chronic drug use or engagement in addictive behaviors can lead to neuroadaptations in the brain reward circuitry, disrupting normal balance and the regulation of reward processes. This dysregulation can contribute to persistent drug-seeking/addictive behaviors despite negative consequences. This newly proposed dynamic and integrative model, named dysregulation based on externalizing and internalizing phenomena of the three main modes of the predostatic mind (DREXI3), proposes six dysregulation dimensions with basic emotional and behavioral symptoms, such as neurophysiological alterations, impulsivity, compulsion, cognitive impairment/psychosis, mood, and anxiety/anger. In this paper, the authors explain the rationale behind DREXI3 and present some hypothetical clinical examples to better illustrate the use of the model in clinical practice. The development of this innovative model could possibly guide tailored treatment interventions in the addiction field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibiana Bolten Lucion Loreto
- Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Anne Orgler Sordi
- Addiction and Forensic Psychiatry Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Center for Drug and Alcohol Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Melina Nogueira de Castro
- Addiction and Forensic Psychiatry Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Felipe Ornell
- Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Center for Drug and Alcohol Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Pegoraro Guarnieri
- Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Center for Drug and Alcohol Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Jaqueline Bohrer Schuch
- Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Center for Drug and Alcohol Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marcos da Silveira Cima
- Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Flavio Pechansky
- Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Center for Drug and Alcohol Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Eugênio Horácio Grevet
- Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Grassi-Oliveira
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lisia von Diemen
- Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Center for Drug and Alcohol Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Felix Henrique Paim Kessler
- Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Sanders T, Noetel M, Parker P, Del Pozo Cruz B, Biddle S, Ronto R, Hulteen R, Parker R, Thomas G, De Cocker K, Salmon J, Hesketh K, Weeks N, Arnott H, Devine E, Vasconcellos R, Pagano R, Sherson J, Conigrave J, Lonsdale C. An umbrella review of the benefits and risks associated with youths' interactions with electronic screens. Nat Hum Behav 2024; 8:82-99. [PMID: 37957284 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-023-01712-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The influence of electronic screens on the health of children and adolescents and their education is not well understood. In this prospectively registered umbrella review (PROSPERO identifier CRD42017076051 ), we harmonized effects from 102 meta-analyses (2,451 primary studies; 1,937,501 participants) of screen time and outcomes. In total, 43 effects from 32 meta-analyses met our criteria for statistical certainty. Meta-analyses of associations between screen use and outcomes showed small-to-moderate effects (range: r = -0.14 to 0.33). In education, results were mixed; for example, screen use was negatively associated with literacy (r = -0.14, 95% confidence interval (CI) = -0.20 to -0.09, P ≤ 0.001, k = 38, N = 18,318), but this effect was positive when parents watched with their children (r = 0.15, 95% CI = 0.02 to 0.28, P = 0.028, k = 12, N = 6,083). In health, we found evidence for several small negative associations; for example, social media was associated with depression (r = 0.12, 95% CI = 0.05 to 0.19, P ≤ 0.001, k = 12, N = 93,740). Limitations of our review include the limited number of studies for each outcome, medium-to-high risk of bias in 95 out of 102 included meta-analyses and high heterogeneity (17 out of 22 in education and 20 out of 21 in health with I2 > 50%). We recommend that caregivers and policymakers carefully weigh the evidence for potential harms and benefits of specific types of screen use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taren Sanders
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, North Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Michael Noetel
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Philip Parker
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, North Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Borja Del Pozo Cruz
- Department of Sport Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Stuart Biddle
- Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, Queensland, Australia
- Faculty of Sport and Health Scienchresholds for statistical credibilites, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Rimante Ronto
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ryan Hulteen
- School of Kinesiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Rhiannon Parker
- The Centre for Social Impact, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - George Thomas
- The Health and Wellbeing Centre for Research Innovation, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Katrien De Cocker
- Department of Movement and Sport Science, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jo Salmon
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kylie Hesketh
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicole Weeks
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, North Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hugh Arnott
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, North Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Emma Devine
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Roberta Vasconcellos
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, North Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rebecca Pagano
- School of Education, Australian Catholic University, North Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jamie Sherson
- School of Education, Australian Catholic University, North Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - James Conigrave
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, North Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Chris Lonsdale
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, North Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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11
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Shakya M, Singh R, Chauhan A, Rure D, Shrivastava A. Prevalence of internet gaming addiction and its association with sleep quality in medical students. Ind Psychiatry J 2023; 32:S161-S165. [PMID: 38370952 PMCID: PMC10871426 DOI: 10.4103/ipj.ipj_236_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background In Asia, there are approximately 2.3 billion internet users. Addiction to internet gaming takes a multifaceted toll on an individual's physical and mental well-being, casting a long shadow over their daily endeavors and also their sleep cycle. Aim To study the prevalence of internet gaming addiction and how it affects sleep quality in medical students. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study was performed with a sample size (n = 112) in the Government Medical College, Datia (M.P.), and data were collected using a semi-structured proforma including the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale and Mini Sleep Questionnaire in the study population. Results In the study population with age group 18-28 years (mean age: 21 ± 1.7 years), the majority of them belong to the Hindu religion (91.1%), nuclear family (66.1%), and urban community (75.9%). Most students (n = 74) had mild to moderate sleep difficulty related to internet gaming addiction, that is, 65.1%. The most common response was "sometimes" on the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale. A significant association was observed between gaming disorder and parameters of sleep mainly in waking up too early, daytime sleepiness, snoring, feeling tired, and headache upon waking up with gaming disorder. Conclusion Among medical students, gaming addiction is significantly associated with poor sleep quality. Steps need to be taken to promote healthy internet use to improve sleep quality and mitigate negative effects to avoid long-term health impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makhan Shakya
- Department of Psychiatry, Shyam Shah Medical College, Rewa, India
| | - Rajesh Singh
- Department of Psychiatry, Government Medical College, Datia, India
| | - Amrita Chauhan
- Department of Psychiatry, Government Medical College, Datia, India
| | - Daisy Rure
- Department of Psychiatry, RD Gardi Medical College, Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh, India
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12
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Paulus MP, Zhao Y, Potenza MN, Aupperle RL, Bagot KS, Tapert SF. Screen media activity in youth: A critical review of mental health and neuroscience findings. JOURNAL OF MOOD AND ANXIETY DISORDERS 2023; 3:100018. [PMID: 37927536 PMCID: PMC10624397 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjmad.2023.100018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
This review has two primary objectives: (1) to offer a balanced examination of recent findings on the relationship between screen media activity (SMA) in young individuals and outcomes such as sleep patterns, mood disturbances, anxiety-related concerns, and cognitive processes; and (2) to introduce a novel multi-level system model that integrates these findings, resolves contradictions in the literature, and guides future studies in examining key covariates affecting the SMA-mental health relationship. Key findings include: (1) Several meta-analyses reveal a significant association between SMA and mental health issues, particularly anxiety and depression, including specific negative effects linked to prolonged screen time; (2) substantial evidence indicates that SMA has both immediate and long-term impacts on sleep duration and quality; (3) the relationship between SMA and cognitive functioning is complex, with mixed findings showing both positive and negative associations; and (4) the multifaceted relationship between SMA and various aspects of adolescent life is influenced by a wide range of environmental and contextual factors. SMA in youth is best understood within a complex system encompassing individual, caregiver, school, peer, and environmental factors, as framed by Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory, which identifies five interrelated systems (microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem, and chronosystem) that influence development across both proximal and distal levels of the environment. This model provides a framework for future research to examine these interactions, considering moderating factors, and to develop targeted interventions that can mitigate potential adverse effects of SMA on mental well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin P. Paulus
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655S. Yale Ave., Tulsa, OK 74136, USA
- School of Community Medicine, The University of Tulsa, 1215 South Boulder Ave. W., Tulsa, OK 74119, USA
| | - Yihong Zhao
- Columbia University School of Nursing, 560W 168th Street, Room 614, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Marc N. Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Child Study Center, Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, 1 Church Street, Room 726, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Connecticut Mental Health Center, 1 Church Street, Room 726, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, 1 Church Street, Room 726, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, 1 Church Street, Room 726, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Robin L. Aupperle
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655S. Yale Ave., Tulsa, OK 74136, USA
| | - Kara S. Bagot
- iIcahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Departments of Psychiatry and Pediatrics, USA
| | - Susan F. Tapert
- Department of Psychiatry, UCSD Health Sciences, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Arimori H, Abiru N, Morimoto S, Nishino T, Kawakami A, Kamada A, Kobayashi M. Association between Lifestyle Factors and Weight Gain among University Students in Japan during COVID-19 Mild Lockdown: A Quantitative Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2630. [PMID: 37830666 PMCID: PMC10572644 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11192630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the lifestyle factors influencing weight gain among university students in Japan during the mild lockdown imposed due to the novel coronavirus disease pandemic. In this cross-sectional study, we conducted a questionnaire survey of students who underwent health examinations at Nagasaki University in 2021. Students reporting a weight gain of ≥3 kg were included in the weight gain group; the remaining students were included in the non-weight-gain group. Fisher's exact test and binary logistic regression were performed to determine the association between weight gain and each lifestyle factor. We included 3059 respondents (response rate: 45.7%), and 9.5% of them reported a weight gain of ≥3 kg. The following factors were associated with weight gain (odds ratio (95% confidence interval), p value based on Fisher's exact test): dining out for four times or more/week (2.16 (1.40, 3.32), p = 8.7 × 10-4) and gaming time of ≥4 h/day (2.26 (1.45, 3.47), p = 2.4 × 10-4). Binary logistic regression among the four highest odds ratios revealed that after adjusting for other factors, frequent dining out and prolonged gaming time were significantly associated with weight gain in students during the mild lockdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Arimori
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan; (H.A.); (N.A.); (A.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Norio Abiru
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan; (H.A.); (N.A.); (A.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Shimpei Morimoto
- Innovation Platform & Office for Precision Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan;
| | - Tomoya Nishino
- Department of Nephrology, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan;
- Health Center, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kawakami
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan; (H.A.); (N.A.); (A.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Akie Kamada
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan; (H.A.); (N.A.); (A.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Masakazu Kobayashi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan; (H.A.); (N.A.); (A.K.); (M.K.)
- Health Center, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
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14
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V S H, Abraham M, Prabhu S, Shi J, Dsouza DD. Mapping the theories, content, and outcomes of family-based interventions for children and young people with gaming disorder: A scoping review protocol. F1000Res 2023; 12:1178. [PMID: 38464737 PMCID: PMC10924826 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.134800.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the growth of gaming disorders globally, evidence of the formal involvement of family in treating gaming disorders is limited. When children are affected by gaming disorder, the family may encounter challenges in managing the behavior and in the lack of information regarding the gaming disorder, resulting in inconsistent parenting, which may further exacerbate the problem. Thus, it is essential to involve the family in formal interventions. The current scoping review plans to identify the theories, content, and outcomes of family-based interventions for children and young people with gaming disorders. Methods This scoping review will follow the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology. The population, Concept, and Context (PCC) were used to develop the review question. The studies published in the indexed databases will be searched systematically, and the reference list of included full texts will be searched for relevant studies. Intervention studies published in English from January 2010 to December 2022 will be included. Two independent reviewers will screen the studies against eligibility criteria. The data will be extracted and presented in a tabular and narrative style. Discussion This scoping review will help better understand content, outcomes, and theories underpinning family-based interventions for children and young people with gaming disorders. Findings will inform the stakeholders about the current topic and guide the potential research areas. Registration details: The protocol has been registered in Open Science Framework with the DOI: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/TXWBH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshini V S
- Department ofOccupational Therapy, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Mariam Abraham
- Department ofOccupational Therapy, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Samyuktha Prabhu
- Department ofOccupational Therapy, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Jing Shi
- Occupational Therapy Programme, Health and Social Sciences, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Deena Dimple Dsouza
- Department ofOccupational Therapy, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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15
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Gurdal S, Kapetanovic S, Einarsson I, Boson K, Claesdotter-Knutsson E. Adolescents' Perceptions of a Relapse Prevention Treatment for Problematic Gaming-A Qualitative Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2366. [PMID: 37685400 PMCID: PMC10486974 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11172366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the increasing prevalence of problematic gaming, in 2013, the diagnosis "Internet gaming disorder (IGD)" was included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) as a potential diagnosis. With a new diagnosis, it is important to determine treatment options. The importance of the parent-child relationship has been emphasised in problematic gaming and its treatment. This study aims to provide more knowledge about adolescents' perceptions of a treatment for problematic gaming and understand whether such treatment may have a bearing on the parent-child relationship. We conducted individual interviews with nine adolescents who completed a treatment for problematic gaming. The interviews were analysed using thematic analysis. The analysis revealed three themes. Theme 1: adolescents' experiences of the new treatment; Theme 2: adolescents' perceptions of the effect of the treatment on their gaming behaviour; and Theme 3: adolescents' perceptions of changes in their parent-child relationships. The adolescents viewed the treatment as a way of gaining control of their gaming, a process in which a therapist played an integral part. For the majority of the adolescents in our study, the main effects of treatment were gaining insight into how their gaming and gaming-related behaviours affected other parts of their lives. The participants felt that the treatment improved their relationship with their parents through reducing everyday conflicts. This new knowledge can be used for the development of future interventions involving children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevtap Gurdal
- Department of Behavioral Studies, University West, 461 32 Trollhättan, Sweden; (S.G.); (S.K.)
| | - Sabina Kapetanovic
- Department of Behavioral Studies, University West, 461 32 Trollhättan, Sweden; (S.G.); (S.K.)
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, 113 47 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Isak Einarsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden;
- Region Skåne, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Regional Outpatient Care, Lund University Hospital, 221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Karin Boson
- Department of Behavioral Studies, University West, 461 32 Trollhättan, Sweden; (S.G.); (S.K.)
- Department of Psychology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, 2318 Lillehammer, Norway
| | - Emma Claesdotter-Knutsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden;
- Region Skåne, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Regional Outpatient Care, Lund University Hospital, 221 85 Lund, Sweden
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16
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Lin YJ, Yen JY, Lin PC, Liao HY, Ko CH. Circadian typologies and insomnia in individuals with internet gaming disorder comorbid with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12764. [PMID: 37550315 PMCID: PMC10406882 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39462-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The alteration in circadian typology and insomnia were prevalent among both Individuals with IGD and those with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the most comorbid psychiatric disorder of IGD. This study aimed to evaluate the relationships between circadian typologies, insomnia, and internet gaming disorder (IGD) and how ADHD affects this relationship. We recruited three groups of 69 young adults: an IGD group, a control group comprising age- and sex-matched nongamers, and a group of gamers without IGD through diagnostic interviews. The participants with IGD exhibited lower composite scale of morningness (CSM) scores and thus a higher eveningness preference In addition, the score of Pittsburgh insomnia rating scale-20-item version (PIRS_20) was significantly higher among those with IGD. The participants with IGD and ADHD exhibited lower CSM scores but higher PRIS_20 scores than the participants with IGD but without ADHD. The present findings indicate that participants with IGD exhibited a tendency of eveningness preference and experienced more severe insomnia. ADHD exacerbated the eveningness preference and insomnia of individuals with IGD. Close attention should be paid to sleep problems in individuals with IGD, particularly to those with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen Ju Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan
| | - Ju-Yu Yen
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, 812, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan
| | - Pai-Cheng Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, 812, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Yuan Liao
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, 482, Shanming Rd, Siaogang Dist., Kaohsiung, 812, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hung Ko
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, 482, Shanming Rd, Siaogang Dist., Kaohsiung, 812, Taiwan.
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17
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What Constitutes ‘Gaming’ in the Gaming Disorder?: Observations and Recommendations. Indian J Psychol Med 2023; 45:297-303. [PMID: 37152383 PMCID: PMC10159567 DOI: 10.1177/02537176221150601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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18
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Chaput JP, McHill AW, Cox RC, Broussard JL, Dutil C, da Costa BGG, Sampasa-Kanyinga H, Wright KP. The role of insufficient sleep and circadian misalignment in obesity. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2023; 19:82-97. [PMID: 36280789 PMCID: PMC9590398 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-022-00747-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 108.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Traditional risk factors for obesity and the metabolic syndrome, such as excess energy intake and lack of physical activity, cannot fully explain the high prevalence of these conditions. Insufficient sleep and circadian misalignment predispose individuals to poor metabolic health and promote weight gain and have received increased research attention in the past 10 years. Insufficient sleep is defined as sleeping less than recommended for health benefits, whereas circadian misalignment is defined as wakefulness and food intake occurring when the internal circadian system is promoting sleep. This Review discusses the impact of insufficient sleep and circadian misalignment in humans on appetite hormones (focusing on ghrelin, leptin and peptide-YY), energy expenditure, food intake and choice, and risk of obesity. Some potential strategies to reduce the adverse effects of sleep disruption on metabolic health are provided and future research priorities are highlighted. Millions of individuals worldwide do not obtain sufficient sleep for healthy metabolic functions. Furthermore, modern working patterns, lifestyles and technologies are often not conducive to adequate sleep at times when the internal physiological clock is promoting it (for example, late-night screen time, shift work and nocturnal social activities). Efforts are needed to highlight the importance of optimal sleep and circadian health in the maintenance of metabolic health and body weight regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe Chaput
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, CHEO Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Andrew W McHill
- Sleep, Chronobiology, and Health Laboratory, School of Nursing, Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Rebecca C Cox
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Josiane L Broussard
- Sleep and Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Caroline Dutil
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, CHEO Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Bruno G G da Costa
- Research Center in Physical Activity and Health, Department of Physical Education, School of Sports, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - Hugues Sampasa-Kanyinga
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, CHEO Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Kenneth P Wright
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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19
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Petrovskaya E, Zendle D. The relationship between psycho-environmental characteristics and wellbeing in non-spending players of certain mobile games. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 10:221129. [PMID: 36704251 PMCID: PMC9874280 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.221129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Revenue generation in modern digital games is often dependent on in-game continuous player spending. This brings concerns that games may be including features which drive player spending in potentially harmful ways. Moreover, it is unknown what types of individuals may be vulnerable to these design-driven harms. We used player-donated, objective data of playtime and in-game spending from a sample of 295 players of games previously identified as 'designed to drive spending'. We combined this with psycho-environmental characteristics and wellbeing measures administered to the players. Quantile regression analyses did not show an interaction between player characteristics and playtime/spend as predictors of wellbeing outcomes; nor did we find a difference in wellbeing between players of these games and games with alternative monetization models. This is discussed in light of a low proportion of spenders in the sample, which may affect results pertaining to the moderating role of spend. However, it suggests that while design features in games aiming to drive player spend may be unethical and problematic, they may not necessarily cause harm to the normative player.
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20
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“These People Had Taken Advantage of Me”: A Grounded Theory of Problematic Consequences of Player Interaction with Mobile Games Perceived as “Designed to Drive Spending”. HUMAN BEHAVIOR AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/1260174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Many games which incorporate microtransactions—uncapped, repeated in-game purchases—are described by players as having had their 'dynamics designed to drive spending'. Such games are perceived by players as designed primarily to encourage spending, rather than with the improvement of the player experience in mind. However, it is unknown how playing these games affects players. We addressed the research question of “What consequences might there be of interaction with games perceived as having had their dynamics designed to drive spending?” considering adult players. We conducted semi-structured interviews and used a grounded theory method of analysis. Our findings revealed five life areas of problematic consequences: financial issues, problems at work and education due to distraction and lack of productivity, emotional consequences for self-perception, problems sleeping, and social consequences. These outcomes emerge from the interaction of players with certain vulnerability traits with these game mechanics. We discuss these findings in the context of gaming disorder and the gamblification of games.
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Kósa G, Feher G, Horvath L, Zadori I, Nemeskeri Z, Kovacs M, Fejes É, Meszaros J, Banko Z, Tibold A. Prevalence and Risk Factors of Problematic Internet Use among Hungarian Adult Recreational Esports Players. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19063204. [PMID: 35328893 PMCID: PMC8949934 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background: Esports are highly prevalent in modern culture, particularly among young people, and are a healthy hobby for the majority of users. However, there is a possible link between video gaming (including esports) and problematic internet use (so-called internet addiction, IA), mostly involving adolescents. Methods: Here we present an online survey focusing on the prevalence and risk factors of internet addiction among adult esports players. Demographics included age, gender, family type, type of work, working years and daily internet use. Medical conditions associated with IA such as smoking, alcohol and drug intake, hypertension, diabetes, ischemic heart disease, musculoskeletal pain and history of depression were also recorded. Results: Overall, 2313 players including 176 females (7.6%) and 2137 males (92.4%) participated in our online survey. Age distribution was the following: 18−25 years 90.3% (2088/2313), 26−35 years 7.95% (184/2313), 36−45 years 0.86% (20/2313), 46−55 years 0.82% (19/2313), 56−62 years 0.04% (1/2313) and 62 years or older 0.04% (1/2313). Internet addiction was detected in 19.9% of players (461/2313) based on the Problematic Internet Use Questionnaire. In a multivariate analysis internet addiction was significantly associated with age between 18 and 25 (OR: 1.675, p = 0.002), being single (OR = 1.505, p = 0.014), internet use > 6 h daily (OR = 4.338, p < 0.001), having < 3 children (OR: 2.037, p = 0.023) and having secondary employment (OR = 1.789, p = 0.037). Regular alcohol intake (OR = 18.357, p < 0.001) and history of depression (OR= 5.361, p = 0.032) were also strongly correlated with IA. Conclusion: This is the first study from Hungary investigating the prevalence and risk factors of internet addiction among adult esports players. One out of five adult gamers suffered from IA. Our study also draws attention to increased risk within this group and risk factors such as younger age, family status and type of employment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Kósa
- Centre for Occupational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (G.K.); (L.H.); (M.K.); (J.M.); (A.T.)
| | - Gergely Feher
- Department of Primary Health Care, University of Pécs, 7623 Pecs, Hungary
- Correspondence:
| | - Lilla Horvath
- Centre for Occupational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (G.K.); (L.H.); (M.K.); (J.M.); (A.T.)
| | - Ivan Zadori
- Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Education and Regional Development, University of Pécs, 7633 Pecs, Hungary; (I.Z.); (Z.N.)
| | - Zsolt Nemeskeri
- Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Education and Regional Development, University of Pécs, 7633 Pecs, Hungary; (I.Z.); (Z.N.)
| | - Miklos Kovacs
- Centre for Occupational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (G.K.); (L.H.); (M.K.); (J.M.); (A.T.)
| | - Éva Fejes
- Hospital of Komló, 7300 Komlo, Hungary;
| | - Janos Meszaros
- Centre for Occupational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (G.K.); (L.H.); (M.K.); (J.M.); (A.T.)
| | - Zoltan Banko
- Department of Labour Law and Social Security Law, Faculty of Law, University of Pécs, 7622 Pecs, Hungary;
| | - Antal Tibold
- Centre for Occupational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (G.K.); (L.H.); (M.K.); (J.M.); (A.T.)
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22
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Hamre R, Smith ORF, Samdal O, Haug E. Gaming Behaviors and the Association with Sleep Duration, Social Jetlag, and Difficulties Falling Asleep among Norwegian Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031765. [PMID: 35162788 PMCID: PMC8834670 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between gaming and sleep is mostly informed by studies of addictive gaming behavior, thus limiting our understanding of sleep in the context of nonproblematic engaged gaming. The present study investigated whether addicted, problem, and engaged gaming behavior was associated with sleep duration, social jetlag, and difficulties falling asleep. The sample consisted of 13- and 16-year-old Norwegian adolescents (n = 3228) participating in the Health Behavior in School-Aged Children (HBSC) survey in 2018. Participants were categorized into addicted, problem, engaged, and normal/non-gaming behavior groups according to which GAS-7 criteria they fulfilled. Robust generalized linear mixed models with a random intercept for class ID were used to examine the association between the sleep variables and gaming behavior. Addicted gaming behavior was unfavorably associated with all sleep parameters. The findings for engaged gaming and problem gaming behavior were somewhat mixed. Engaged gamers slept less on weekends, less on weekdays for those aged 16, and experienced greater social jetlag compared to the normal/non-gaming group. Problem gamers experienced greater social jetlag and had higher odds of experiencing difficulties falling asleep. Overall, the results suggest that all types of gaming behaviors might harm sleep health, but to a greater extent for the addicted gamers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Hamre
- Department of Health Promotion and Development, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (R.H.); (O.S.)
| | | | - Oddrun Samdal
- Department of Health Promotion and Development, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (R.H.); (O.S.)
| | - Ellen Haug
- Department of Health Promotion and Development, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (R.H.); (O.S.)
- Department of Teacher Education, NLA University College, Bergen, Pb 74 Sandviken, 5812 Bergen, Norway
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +47-958-095-48
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23
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The Association of Internet Addiction with Burnout, Depression, Insomnia, and Quality of Life among Hungarian High School Teachers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 19:ijerph19010438. [PMID: 35010695 PMCID: PMC8744802 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The extensive availability of Internet has led to the recognition of problematic Internet use (so called Internet addiction, IA) mostly involving adolescents. There are limited data about the prevalence and consequences of IA in adults especially among high school teachers. Here, we present a cross-sectional prospective study focusing on the association of Internet addiction with burnout, depression, insomnia, and lower quality of life among high school teachers taking many co-variates into account. Overall, 623 males (34.3%) and 1194 females (65.7%) participated in our study. Internet addiction was detected in 5.2% (95/1817) based on the Problematic Internet Use Questionnaire. Internet addiction was associated with severe burnout (10.5 vs. 2.7%, p < 0.001), moderate (36.8 vs. 1.7%, p < 0.001), and severe (6.3 vs. 0.1%, p < 0.001) depression, insomnia (23.1 vs. 11.4%, p < 0.001), and severe sleep disturbance (severe insomnia, 27.4 vs. 3.8%, p < 0.001) and lower quality of life in all domains (p < 0.001). There was also a significant correlation of the severity of the above-mentioned parameters and the severity of IA (overall scores, p < 0.001 in all cases). In a multivariate analysis including demographic criteria, risk factors medical conditions and the above-mentioned parameters as co-variates internet addiction was significantly associated with depression (OR = 3.836, CI: 2.92-5.44, p = 0.03), and insomnia (OR: 3.932, CI: 3.6-5.69, p = 0.002). This is the first study from Hungary and is one of the first studies showing the association of IA with mental issues, burnout, and lower quality of life among adults. It underlines the clinical importance of problematic Internet use among adults.
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Kemp C, Pienaar PR, Rosslee DT, Lipinska G, Roden LC, Rae DE. Sleep in Habitual Adult Video Gamers: A Systematic Review. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:781351. [PMID: 35095395 PMCID: PMC8797142 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.781351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Video gaming is a popular, globally recognized phenomenon, played recreationally or competitively as esports. Gaming is a typically sedentary nighttime activity; therefore, the potential to impact sleep and health is high. Furthermore, there are limited studies on adult gamers, who represent the majority demographic in esports. This review examines evidence describing sleep in habitual adult gamers to understand the associated risk for cardiometabolic disease or the benefits to gaming performance. Three electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science) were searched for peer-reviewed articles published between January 2000 - April 2020. Twelve studies reporting on sleep in habitual adult gamers were included. A narrative synthesis was employed to report results, owing to high levels of heterogeneity across the included studies. Gamers with higher gaming addiction scores were more likely to have shorter, poorer quality sleep and greater daytime sleepiness and insomnia scores than gamers with lower gaming addiction scores and non-gamers. In addition, high-volume gamers were more likely to have worsened sleep quantity and quality, with delayed sleep timing and increased prevalence of insomnia. Despite limitations in the design of the included studies, excessive gaming is broadly associated with worsened sleep parameters. Noteworthy is the lack of studies investigating cardiometabolic health in gamers. Future work should explore the relative contribution and associated risk that various games, genres, and timing of gaming activities have on sleep, physical and mental health, particularly in vulnerable gaming cohorts engaged with contemporary forms of gaming and esports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chadley Kemp
- Health Through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre & Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Paula R. Pienaar
- Health Through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre & Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dominique T. Rosslee
- Health Through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre & Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gosia Lipinska
- Clinical Neuropsychology and Sleep Sciences, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Laura C. Roden
- Health Through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre & Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Dale E. Rae
- Health Through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre & Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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