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Sinha S, Vasudeva P. Can apparently transient life events trigger long-term lower urinary tract symptoms? Neurourol Urodyn 2024; 43:1104-1108. [PMID: 38289333 DOI: 10.1002/nau.25303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION One-time life events such as neurological injury can result in lifelong lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). However, it is unclear whether an apparently transient life event can also trigger long-term LUTS. This review examines the possibility of an association and hypothesizes the pathogenesis. METHODS A pubmed search was conducted using the MeSH words "life change events," "child abuse," or "stress disorders, Posttraumatic", and LUTS. Additional manuscripts were identified by a hand and citation search. RESULTS Long-term LUTS was noted following temporally remote childhood sexual abuse, adverse childhood experiences, and stressful experiences in adults. There was evidence for an association of childhood sexual abuse and adverse childhood events with both storage as well as voiding LUTS. There was limited evidence that the number of adverse childhood events might increase the risk and severity of LUTS. There was evidence of an association between post-traumatic stress disorder in adults and LUTS. The finding of mental health disorders in such patients could explain some but not all of the observed association suggesting that other factors might also be important. CONCLUSIONS There is an association noted between apparently transient lifetime events and the subsequent reporting of LUTS. The timing of these adverse experiences might be important in determining the propensity for clinical manifestation. There is a need to explore this association, establish causality, and determine the underlying etiopathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Sinha
- Department of Urology, Apollo Hospital, Hyderabad, India
| | - Pawan Vasudeva
- Department of Urology and Renal Transplant, Vardhaman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
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Putra IGNE, Daly M, Sutin A, Steptoe A, Robinson E. The psychological legacy of past obesity and early mortality: evidence from two longitudinal studies. BMC Med 2023; 21:448. [PMID: 37974151 PMCID: PMC10655273 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-03148-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We test a novel 'weight scarring' hypothesis which suggests that past obesity is associated with impairments in current psychological well-being and this increases risk of negative physical health outcomes associated with obesity. Across two nationally representative studies, we tested whether past obesity is associated with current psychological outcomes and whether these psychological outcomes explain the association between past obesity and subsequent early mortality. METHODS Data were from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (n = 29,047) and the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) (n = 11,998). Past obesity was defined based on maximum lifetime weight in NHANES and the highest weight from past study waves in the HRS. Across both studies, current depressive symptoms were analysed. A set of 10 additional well-being measures were combined to produce an 'index of impaired well-being' in HRS. Subsequent all-cause mortality was examined using National Deaths Index records in NHANES and household interviews in HRS. Linear or logistic regression, Cox proportional hazard regression, and causal mediation models were used. RESULTS We found that past obesity was associated with greater current depressive symptoms after controlling for current weight status and in analyses limited to those who were no longer classified as having obesity in NHANES (β = 0.17; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.22) and HRS (β = 0.20; 95% CI: 0.08, 0.31). In HRS, past obesity was also associated with a range of current negative psychological outcomes, including an index of impaired psychological well-being (β = 0.16; 95% CI: 0.05, 0.27). Past obesity was associated with a higher risk of early mortality in both NHANES and HRS (HR = 1.31; 95% CI: 1.16, 1.48 and HR = 1.34; 95% CI: 1.20, 1.50, respectively). Depressive symptoms explained 6% (95% CI: 0.01, 0.10) and 5% (95% CI: 0.01, 0.09) of the association between past obesity and premature mortality in NHANES and HRS, respectively. Impaired psychological well-being partly mediated the association between past obesity and premature mortality by 10% (95% CI: 0.04, 0.16) in HRS. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that there may be a psychological legacy of past obesity that is associated with raised mortality risk. Ensuring people with obesity receive psychological support even after experiencing weight loss may be important.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Gusti Ngurah Edi Putra
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Eleanor Rathbone Building, Bedford Street South, Liverpool, L69 7ZA, UK.
| | - Michael Daly
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Angelina Sutin
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, USA
| | - Andrew Steptoe
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Eric Robinson
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Eleanor Rathbone Building, Bedford Street South, Liverpool, L69 7ZA, UK
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Zhang J, Xu L, Qin W, Xu A. Association between occupational stress and subclinical depression in Chinese primary healthcare workers. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1238603. [PMID: 38025466 PMCID: PMC10661949 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1238603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Wellbeing of healthcare workers is crucial for the effective functioning of primary health systems. This study aimed to examine the association between occupational stress and subclinical depression among primary healthcare workers, and to establish the foundation for future preventive strategies. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in Tai'an City, Shandong Province, China. Data were collected from 832 medical staff in primary health institutions using a structured self-administered questionnaire. The participants completed the Challenge and Hindrance-Related Self-Reported Stress (C-HSS) Scale and Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to explore the relationship between occupational stress and subclinical depression among primary healthcare workers. Results The prevalence of subclinical depression among primary healthcare workers was 11.66%. Participants with subclinical depression have a significant higher level of occupational stress (including challenge-stress and hindrance-stress). Regression analysis result indicated that higher level of occupational stress was significantly associated with more severe subclinical depression, and the risk of subclinical depression remained after adjusting other covariates (OR = 4.57, 95%CI, 3.14-6.63). The association between challenge-stress and subclinical depression was not statistically significant when controlling for hindrance-stress. Subgroup analysis showed that male healthcare workers who perceived higher level of challenge stress were more likely to develop subclinical depression than female healthcare workers. Conclusion The level of subclinical depression among Chinese primary healthcare workers was high, and occupational stress especially hindrance stress may contribute to subclinical depression. Findings were also robust in subgroup analysis after adjusting for other covariates. These findings emphasize the importance of occupational stress psychosocial interventions to decrease the risk of developing depression among the primary healthcare workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Zhang
- School of Health Economics and Management, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Research Center for Major Health Risk Management and TCM Control Policy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingzhong Xu
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wenzhe Qin
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Aijun Xu
- Jiangsu Research Center for Major Health Risk Management and TCM Control Policy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Saini R, Das RC, Chatterjee K, Srivastava K, Khera A, Agrawal S. Augmenting mental health literacy of troops in a large military station: A novel approach. Ind Psychiatry J 2023; 32:S166-S173. [PMID: 38370959 PMCID: PMC10871393 DOI: 10.4103/ipj.ipj_233_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Mental health literacy (MHL) helps in acknowledging the symptoms at an early stage, thus promoting prompt management of negative stress behaviors. Despite the central thrust towards augmentation of MHL of troops, there is a paucity of available literature on the subject matter, especially in the Indian context. Current research explores the efficacy of a standardized Information Education and Communication (IEC) module for the promotion of MHL among troops. Materials and Methods 1200 soldiers posted in a large military station underwent a psycho-educational module about stress and related mental health conditions in an open-label experimental study. Data was collected using a simple demographic tool and a specially constructed Armed Forces Medical College (AFMC) mental health awareness questionnaire. The same sample was studied before the IEC activity, immediately after the IEC activity, and again after six months. Results Community-based psycho-educational module helped in improvement in MHL and the gains were stable at six months. Conclusions Well-standardized and structured module was found to be an effective strategy for improving MHL. The authors consider this study as seminal for bringing objectivity to mental health promotional programs in the Armed Forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajiv Saini
- Department of Psychiatry, Command Hospital (Western Command), Panchkhula, Haryana, India
| | - R. C. Das
- Department of Psychiatry, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kaushik Chatterjee
- Department of Psychiatry, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kalpana Srivastava
- Department of Psychiatry, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anurag Khera
- Department of Psychiatry, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sunil Agrawal
- Department of Psychiatry, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Chen B, Wang W, Yang S. The impact of family functioning on depression in college students: A moderated mediation model. J Affect Disord 2023; 340:448-455. [PMID: 37579887 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The depression of college students is increasing. Family dysfunction is a potential risk factor for depression. More research is needed to uncover the relationship and influencing mechanism. Based on this, this study examined the mediating effect of coping style and the moderating effect of gender in family functioning and depression among college students. METHODS From May to June 2022, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among 2033 college students (16-24 years old) from universities in Anhui Province, China, including 1285 females (63.21 %) and 748 males (36.79 %), with an average age of 19.81 years old (SD = 1.22 years old). There were 651 (32.02 %) only child. Family functioning was assessed by Family Assessment Device, coping style was assessed by Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire and depression was assessed by Self-rating Depression Scale. Common method bias was performed by Harman's single-factor test. Mediating effect was analyzed by stepwise regression. Moderating effect was analyzed by moderated multiple regression. RESULTS There was no serious common method bias in this study. Good family functioning had a negative predictive effect on depression in college students (r = -0.56, p < 0.001). Coping style partially mediated the predictive effect of family functioning on depression, and the mediating effect accounted for 33.73 % of the total effect. The interaction term of family functioning and gender was significant predictor of coping style (β = 0.33, t = 2.69, p < 0.05) and depression (β = -1.98, t = -2.46, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Good family functioning is a negative predictor of depression in college students. Coping style plays a partial mediating role between family functioning and depression. The first half path and the direct path of the mediation model are modulated by gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoling Chen
- School of Management, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China; School of Finance and Public Administration, Anhui University of Finance & Economics, Bengbu, China.
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Internal Medicine Department, The Third People's Hospital of Bengbu, Bengbu, China
| | - Shanlin Yang
- School of Management, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
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Ren Z, Luo Y, Zheng X, Liu J. Adverse childhood experiences from family and society contribute to increased risk of depressive symptoms and cognitive impairment: a cross-sectional study. Gen Psychiatr 2023; 36:e101039. [PMID: 37705929 PMCID: PMC10496652 DOI: 10.1136/gpsych-2023-101039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Family environments can shape children's personalities and social networks, rendering distinguishing adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) from family and society essential, but related evidence remains limited. Aims This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the correlations between intrafamilial and social ACEs, their associations with depressive symptoms and cognitive impairment and the (education-moderated) mediating role of social ACEs. Methods Data for this cross-sectional study were from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Nine intrafamilial (0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 or more) and three social (0, 1, and 2 or more) ACEs were identified. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the 10-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. Global cognition, including episodic memory and mental intactness, was calculated as z scores. Binary and ordered logistic regressions, generalised linear models with Gaussian family and identity link, and mediation analysis were used. Results 13 435 participants aged 59.0 (51.0-66.0) were included. Compared with participants with no intrafamilial ACEs, those with 1, 2, 3, and 4 or more intrafamilial ACEs tended to develop more social ACEs, with odds ratios (ORs) of 1.55 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.36 to 1.76), 2.36 (95% CI: 2.08 to 2.68), 3.46 (95% CI: 3.02 to 3.96) and 6.10 (95% CI: 5.30 to 7.02), respectively. Both intrafamilial and social ACEs were associated with depressive symptoms (OR >3 for four or more intrafamilial ACEs and two or more social ACEs) and global cognition (β=-0.26 for four or more intrafamilial ACEs and β=-0.29 for two or more social ACEs). Social ACEs mediated the associations of intrafamilial ACEs with depressive symptoms and global cognition by 12.3% and 13.1%, respectively. Furthermore, as education levels increased, the impact of intrafamilial ACEs on depressive symptoms was increasingly mediated through social ACEs, while the mediating role of social ACEs between intrafamilial ACEs and cognitive impairment gradually diminished. Conclusions Improving children's social environments and elevating general education can prevent later-life depressive symptoms and cognitive impairment attributed to ACEs in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Ren
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Luo
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoying Zheng
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jufen Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Schmiedehaus E, Snyder E, Perrotte J, Deason R, Howard K, Cordaro M. The Ongoing Mental Health Plight of Depressed College Students: Clinical Recommendations and the Importance of Early Screening and Detection. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2023:1-9. [PMID: 37279399 DOI: 10.1080/01612840.2023.2215866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted the lives of college students. The psychological distress from the pandemic increased risk for provisional rates of Major Depression Disorder (MDD) during an already crucial developmental period. Using an online survey, participants were assessed for a provisional diagnosis of MDD using a validated screening tool, along with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) and psychosocial correlates. Findings showed a significant increase in the prevalence of MDD, and significant differences in social support, loneliness, substance use, GAD and suicidality were identified. Early screening and detection for potential MDD symptoms can reduce the severity, duration, and reoccurrence of future MDD episodes for college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Schmiedehaus
- Department of Philosophy, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA
| | - Ethan Snyder
- Department of Biology, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA
| | - Jessica Perrotte
- Department of Psychology, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA
| | - Rebecca Deason
- Department of Psychology, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA
| | - Krista Howard
- Department of Psychology, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA
| | - Millie Cordaro
- Department of Psychology, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA
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Hwang S, Kang SW, Kim SJ, Han K, Kim BS, Jung W, Lim DH, Shin DW. Impact of Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Related Visual Disability on the Risk of Depression: A Nationwide Cohort Study. Ophthalmology 2023; 130:615-623. [PMID: 36717001 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2023.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the prospective association of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and related visual disability (VD) with the risk of depression. DESIGN This nationwide population-based cohort study used authorized clinical data provided by the Korean National Health Insurance Service. PARTICIPANTS A total of 3 599 589 individuals older than 50 years participated in the Korean National Health Screening Program in 2009. METHODS Age-related macular degeneration diagnosis and the presence of accompanying VD were verified using diagnostic codes and disability registration data. Data on covariates, including age, sex, income level, residential area, systemic comorbidities, and behavioral factors, were collected from health screening results and claims data. Patients were followed up until December 2019, and incident cases of depression were identified using registered diagnostic codes. The prospective association of AMD and related VD with new-onset depression was investigated using the multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazard model. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for depression development according to the presence of AMD and VD. RESULTS During an average follow-up period of 8.52 years, 1 037 088 patients received new diagnoses of depression. Patients with previous diagnoses of AMD showed a greater risk of new-onset depression, with a hazard ratio of 1.15 (95% CI, 1.13-1.17) compared with the control group in the fully adjusted model. Patients with AMD and accompanying VD showed a further increased risk of depression, with a hazard ratio of 1.23 (95% CI, 1.16-1.30). CONCLUSIONS Individuals with a diagnosis of AMD have a higher risk of depression developing in the future. The risk of depression is increased further in patients with AMD who demonstrate VD. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE(S) The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungsoon Hwang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Woong Kang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Jin Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungdo Han
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Sung Kim
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonyoung Jung
- Department of Family Medicine and Supportive Care Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hui Lim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong Wook Shin
- Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Family Medicine and Supportive Care Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Zhang YD, Shi DD, Zhang S, Wang Z. Sex-specific transcriptional signatures in the medial prefrontal cortex underlying sexually dimorphic behavioural responses to stress in rats. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2023; 48:E61-E73. [PMID: 36796857 PMCID: PMC9943549 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.220147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Converging evidence suggests that stress alters behavioural responses in a sex-specific manner; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms of stress remain largely unknown. METHODS We adapted unpredictable maternal separation (UMS) and adult restraint stress (RS) paradigms to mimic stress in rats in early life or adulthood, respectively. The sexual dimorphism of the prefrontal cortex was noted, and we performed RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) to identify specific genes or pathways responsible for sexually dimorphic responses to stress. We then performed quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to verify the results of RNA-Seq. RESULTS Female rats exposed to either UMS or RS showed no negative effects on anxiety-like behaviours, whereas the emotional functions of the PFC were impaired markedly in stressed male rats. Leveraging differentially expressed genes (DEG) analyses, we identified sex-specific transcriptional profiles associated with stress. There were many overlapping DEGs between UMS and RS transcriptional data sets, where 1406 DEGs were associated with both biological sex and stress, while only 117 DEGs were related to stress. Notably, Uba52 and Rpl34-ps1 were the first-ranked hub gene in 1406 and 117 DEGs respectively, and Uba52 was higher than Rp134-ps1, suggesting that stress may have led to a more pronounced effect on the set of 1406 DEGs. Pathway analysis revealed that 1406 DEGs were primarily enriched in ribosomal pathway. These results were confirmed by qRT-PCR. LIMITATIONS Sex-specific transcriptional profiles associated with stress were identified in this study, but more in-depth experiments, such as single-cell sequencing and manipulation of male and female gene networks in vivo, are needed to verify our findings. CONCLUSION Our findings show sex-specific behavioural responses to stress and highlight sexual dimorphism at the transcriptional level, shedding light on developing sex-specific therapeutic strategies for stress-related psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Dan Zhang
- From the Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Y.-D. Zhang, Shi, S. Zhang, Wang); the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Shi, S. Zhang, Wang); and the Institute of Psychological and Behavioral Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China (Wang)
| | - Dong-Dong Shi
- From the Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Y.-D. Zhang, Shi, S. Zhang, Wang); the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Shi, S. Zhang, Wang); and the Institute of Psychological and Behavioral Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China (Wang)
| | - Sen Zhang
- From the Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Y.-D. Zhang, Shi, S. Zhang, Wang); the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Shi, S. Zhang, Wang); and the Institute of Psychological and Behavioral Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China (Wang)
| | - Zhen Wang
- From the Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Y.-D. Zhang, Shi, S. Zhang, Wang); the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Shi, S. Zhang, Wang); and the Institute of Psychological and Behavioral Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China (Wang)
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Akram S, Ali M, Mutahir Z, Ibad N, Sarmad S, Mehboob S, Saleem M. Role of TNF-α -308G/A Polymorphism in Bipolar Disorder and its Relationship with Clinical and Demographic Variables. INNOVATIONS IN CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE 2023; 20:60-71. [PMID: 37122575 PMCID: PMC10132278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Objective Gene-environment interactions might play a significant role in the development of bipolar disorder (BD). The objective of the current study was to investigate the association between tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α -308 G/A polymorphism and BD and conduct a bioinformatics analysis of the protein-protein network of TNF-α. Gene-environment interactions and the relationship between stressful life events (SLEs) and substance abuse with TNF genotypes and other characteristics were analyzed. Methods The genomic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of 400 patients with BD and 200 control subjects were extracted and genotyped for TNF-α -308 G/A polymorphism. SLEs and substance abuse were evaluated using the Life Event and Difficulty Schedule (LEDS) and a self-designed substance abuse questionnaire for the events six months prior to the onset of the disease, respectively. Gene-environment interactions were assessed by multiple statistical tools. Bioinformatics analysis of the TNF-α network and its interacting proteins was carried out using STRING and Cytoscape softwares. Results Genotyping analysis revealed a significant association between TNF-α -308 G/A polymorphism and BD (p<0.009). Furthermore, analysis of gene-environment interaction revealed a significant association between TNF-α -308 G/A and SLEs (p=0.001) and TNF-α -308 G/A and substance abuse (p=0.001). Three distinct proteins, RELA, RIPK1, and BIRC3, were identified through hub analysis of the protein network. Conclusion TNF-α -308 G/A polymorphism is positively associated with BD. SLEs and substance abuse might trigger the early onset of BD. Proteins identified through bioinformatics analysis might contribute to the TNF-α mediated pathophysiology of BD and can be the potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shama Akram
- Ms. Akram and Drs. Ali, Mutahir, and Saleem are with School of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of the Punjab in Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Moazzam Ali
- Ms. Akram and Drs. Ali, Mutahir, and Saleem are with School of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of the Punjab in Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zeeshan Mutahir
- Ms. Akram and Drs. Ali, Mutahir, and Saleem are with School of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of the Punjab in Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nabeel Ibad
- Dr. Ibad is with Shaikh Zayed Hospital in Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sana Sarmad
- Dr. Sarmad is with Rashid Latif Medical College in Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sumaira Mehboob
- Dr. Mehboob is with School of Biochemistry, Minhaj University Lahore in Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mahjabeen Saleem
- Ms. Akram and Drs. Ali, Mutahir, and Saleem are with School of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of the Punjab in Lahore, Pakistan
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Babulal GM, Zhu Y, Roe CM, Hudson DL, Williams MM, Murphy SA, Doherty J, Johnson AM, Trani J. The complex relationship between depression and progression to incident cognitive impairment across race and ethnicity. Alzheimers Dement 2022; 18:2593-2602. [PMID: 35213795 PMCID: PMC9402798 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We examined baseline differences in depression and antidepressant use among cognitively normal older adults in five ethnoracial groups and assessed whether depression predicted a faster progression to incident cognitive impairment across groups. METHODS Data from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (n = 8168) were used to examine differences between non-Hispanic Whites (nHW), African Americans (AA), Hispanics, Asians, and American Indian and Alaskan Natives in cross-sectional and longitudinal models. RESULTS AA had a lower risk of depression compared to nHW at baseline. No statistical interactions were noted between ethnoracial groups and depression. However, depression independently predicted a faster progression to incident cognitive impairment. Hispanics and Asian participants had a higher hazard for progression compared to nHW. DISCUSSION Previously established risk factors between depression and dementia were not found among AA and nHW participants. The relationship between depression and ethnoracial groups is complex and suggests differential effects on progression from cognitive normality to impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh M. Babulal
- Department of NeurologyWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
- Department of PsychologyFaculty of HumanitiesUniversity of JohannesburgJohannesburgSouth Africa
- Department of Clinical Research and LeadershipThe George Washington University School of Medicine and Health SciencesWashingtonMissouriUSA
- Institute of Public HealthWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Yiqi Zhu
- School of Social WorkAdelphi UniversityNew YorkUSA
- Brown SchoolWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Catherine M. Roe
- Department of NeurologyWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Darrell L. Hudson
- Brown SchoolWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
- Institute of Public HealthWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | | | - Samantha A. Murphy
- Department of NeurologyWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Jason Doherty
- Department of NeurologyWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Ann M. Johnson
- Center for Clinical StudiesWashington University in St. LouisSaint LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Jean‐Francois Trani
- Brown SchoolWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
- Institute of Public HealthWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
- Centre for Social Development in AfricaUniversity of JohannesburgJohannesburgSouth Africa
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12
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Chen P. Inner child of the past: long-term protective role of childhood relationships with mothers and fathers and maternal support for mental health in middle and late adulthood. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2022; 57:1399-1416. [PMID: 34842965 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-021-02200-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE National longitudinal studies that investigate the long-term association between early family life and mental health in middle and older adulthood are limited. This study aims to fill the gap by examining the protective effect of positive childhood relationships with mothers and fathers and parental support against depression among women and men in middle and late adulthood. METHODS The sample of 12,606 adults (7319 females; 5287 males) from the US Health and Retirement Study was nationally representative with the inclusion of 7 depression measures from 2008 to 2018. Two depression measures, CESD-8 scale and binary indicators of severe depressive symptoms, were used. Generalized estimation equations (GEE)-negative binomial models were estimated for CESD-8 and GEE-logit models were estimated for the binary indicator of severe depression. This study aimed to assess how positive parent-child relationships and maternal support protect the mental health of women and men in adulthood. Other risk and psychosocial factors, such as childhood depression, traumatic life events, stressful life events, marital status, and social support in adulthood were adjusted for. RESULTS Positive childhood relationships with mothers, fathers, or both parents and increased maternal support were associated with a lower risk of depression among both females and males from middle to old age, even if they experienced trauma, stressful life events, divorce, singlehood, widowhood, or little social support. Females benefited more psychologically than males from positive mother-daughter relationships and high-quality relationships with both parents. However, compared to mother-child relationships, positive father-child relationships protected men better psychosocially than females. CONCLUSION Findings underscore the importance of fathers' roles in promoting their children's, especially sons', emotional well-being. Interventions in early mother-child and father-child relationships and parental support are crucial for healthy aging in mental development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Chen
- Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Campus Box #8180, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-8180, USA.
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13
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Wado YD, Austrian K, Abuya BA, Kangwana B, Maddox N, Kabiru CW. Exposure to violence, adverse life events and the mental health of adolescent girls in Nairobi slums. BMC Womens Health 2022; 22:156. [PMID: 35538470 PMCID: PMC9092809 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-022-01735-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mental health problems rank among the leading causes of disability among young people globally. Young people growing up in urban slums are exposed to adverse childhood experiences, violence, and other adversities. There is limited research on how exposure to violence and adverse life events influence adolescents' mental health in urban poor settings. This study examines the associations between exposure to violence, adverse life events and self-reported depression in the slums of Nairobi. METHODS This study draws on data collected from 2106 adolescent girls aged 12-19 years who were interviewed in the third wave of the Adolescent Girls Initiative Kenya (AGI-K). Mental health was measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ 9). Frequency distributions, bivariate chi-squared analysis and multi-variate regression models were computed to identify factors that are independently associated with depression. RESULTS About 13.3% of girls had symptoms of depression based on PHQ 9, 22% reported physical or sexual violence in the past year and about 47% of girls reported exposure to adverse life events in the family in the past year. After adjusting for the effects of socio-demographic factors, exposure to physical violence (AOR = 2.926, 95% CI 2.175-3.936), sexual violence (AOR = 2.519, 95% CI 1.637-3.875), perception of neighborhood safety (AOR = 1.533, 95% CI 1.159-2.028) and experience of adverse life events (AOR = 1.326, 95% CI 1.002-1.753) were significantly associated with self-reported depression. The presence of social support moderated the relationship between violence and mental health by reducing the strength of the association between violence and mental health in this setting. CONCLUSION Given the magnitude of violence victimisation, adverse life events and depressive symptoms, there is a need to design interventions that reduce exposure to violence and provide psychosocial support to adolescents exposed to adverse events in urban slums in Nairobi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohannes Dibaba Wado
- African Population and Health Research Center, APHRC Campus, Manga Close, Off Kirawa Road, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | | | - Benta A Abuya
- African Population and Health Research Center, APHRC Campus, Manga Close, Off Kirawa Road, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | | | - Caroline W Kabiru
- African Population and Health Research Center, APHRC Campus, Manga Close, Off Kirawa Road, Nairobi, Kenya
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14
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Comacchio C, Antolini G, Ruggeri M, Colizzi M. Gender-Oriented Mental Health Prevention: A Reappraisal. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:1493. [PMID: 35162515 PMCID: PMC8835536 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have investigated the impact of gender on mental health, but only a few have addressed gender differences in mental health risk and prevention. We conducted a narrative review to assess the current state of knowledge on gender-specific mental health preventive interventions, along with an analysis of gender-based risk factors and available screening strategies. Out of 1598 articles screened using a comprehensive electronic search of the PubMed, Web-of-Science, Scopus, and Cochrane databases, 53 were included for review. Among risk factors for mental health problems, there are individual, familiar, social, and healthcare factors. Individual factors include childhood adversities, which show gender differences in distribution rates. However, current childhood abuse prevention programs are not gender-specific. Familiar factors for mental health problems include maternity issues and intimate partner violence, and for both, some gender-specific preventive interventions are available. Social risk factors for mental health problems are related to education, employment, discrimination, and relationships. They all display gender differences, but these differences are rarely taken into account in mental health prevention programs. Lastly, despite gender differences in mental health service use being widely known, mental health services appear to be slow in developing strategies that guarantee equal access to care for all individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giulia Antolini
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Maternal-Child Integrated Care Department, Integrated University Hospital of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy;
| | - Mirella Ruggeri
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Marco Colizzi
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy;
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
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15
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Stanyte A, Podlipskyte A, Milasauskiene E, Király O, Demetrovics Z, Ambrasas L, Burkauskas J, Steibliene V. Mental Health and Wellbeing in Lithuanian Medical Students and Resident Doctors During COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:871137. [PMID: 35573339 PMCID: PMC9092277 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.871137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a negative effect on mental health and subjective psychological wellbeing. One of the most affected population is medical students, reporting higher levels of depression, anxiety, sleep difficulties, and overall poorer wellbeing. However, the relationship between depression, anxiety, and sleep difficulties, and subjective psychological wellbeing has not been extensively researched in medical students in the context of COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between depression, anxiety, and sleep quality, and subjective psychological wellbeing. METHODS In total, 524 medical students and resident doctors (78.6% female, mean age 24 ± 3 years old) participated in an online survey between December 2020 and February 2021. Participants completed the WHO-Five Wellbeing Index Questionnaire, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaire, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Assessment-7. RESULTS Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that female participants' worse subjective psychological wellbeing was associated with sleep difficulties [odds ratio (OR) = 2.39, 95% CI = 1.37-4.18, p = 0.002], higher depression (OR = 6.13, 95% CI = 3.46-10.88, p < 0.001), and anxiety symptoms (OR = 2.95, 95% CI = 1.66-5.22, p < 0.001). In male participants, analysis revealed an association between worse subjective psychological wellbeing and higher depression scores (OR = 9.94, 95% CI = 3.29-30.03, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Sex differences are an important factor to consider when evaluating subjective psychological wellbeing. Clinicians should be aware of significant contributors, such as sleep patterns anxiety, and depression, to subjective psychological wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agne Stanyte
- Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Palanga, Lithuania
| | - Aurelija Podlipskyte
- Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Palanga, Lithuania
| | - Egle Milasauskiene
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Orsolya Király
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Demetrovics
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.,Centre of Excellence in Responsible Gaming, University of Gibraltar, Gibraltar, Gibraltar
| | - Laurynas Ambrasas
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Julius Burkauskas
- Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Palanga, Lithuania
| | - Vesta Steibliene
- Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Palanga, Lithuania.,Clinic of Psychiatry, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
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16
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Assari S. Association Between Parental Educational Attainment and Children's Negative Urgency: Sex Differences. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGIC RESEARCH 2021; 8:14-22. [PMID: 34604532 DOI: 10.34172/ijer.2021.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Negative urgency reflects a specific facet of impulsivity and correlates with a wide range of health-related risk behaviors, including, but not limited to, problematic substance use. Negative urgency is also shaped by family socioeconomic position (SEP), such as parental educational attainment (PEA). This study aimed to explore sex differences regarding protective effects of PEA on children's negative urgency in the US. Methods This cross-sectional study used the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study data. Baseline ABCD data included 10,535 American children in the age range of 9-10 years old. The independent variable was PEA, treated as a 5-level categorical variable. The primary outcome was negative urgency measured by the Urgency, Premeditation, Perseverance, Sensation Seeking, Positive Urgency, Impulsive Behavior Scale (UPPS-SS). Mixed-effects regression models were applied for data analysis. Results In sex-stratified regression models, high PEA was predictive of lower levels of negative urgency in female but not male children. In the overall sample, sex showed a statistically significant interaction with PEA on children's negative urgency, indicating a stronger protective effect of high PEA for female compared to male children. Conclusion PEA was a more salient determinant of negative urgency in female children than male ones. Our results also showed that American boys tend to have high levels of negative urgency, which is a risk factor of drug use, at all parental education levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shervin Assari
- Department of Family Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Urban Public Health, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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17
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von Muecke-Heim IA, Ries C, Urbina L, Deussing JM. P2X7R antagonists in chronic stress-based depression models: a review. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2021; 271:1343-1358. [PMID: 34279714 PMCID: PMC8429152 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-021-01306-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Depression affects around 320 million people worldwide. Growing evidence proposes the immune system to be the core interface between psychosocial stress and the neurobiological and behavioural features of depression. Many studies have identified purinergic signalling via the P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) to be of great importance in depression genesis yet only a few have evaluated P2X7R antagonists in chronic stress-based depression models. This review summarizes their findings and analyses their methodology. The four available studies used three to nine weeks of unpredictable, chronic mild stress or unpredictable, chronic stress in male mice or rats. Stress paradigm composition varied moderately, with stimuli being primarily psychophysical rather than psychosocial. Behavioural testing was performed during or after the last week of stress application and resulted in depressive-like behaviours, immune changes (NLRP3 assembly, interleukin-1β level increase, microglia activation) and neuroplasticity impairment. During the second half of each stress paradigm, a P2X7R antagonist (Brilliant Blue G, A-438079, A-804598) was applied. Studies differed with regard to antagonist dosage and application timing. Nonetheless, all treatments attenuated the stress-induced neurobiological changes and depressive-like behaviours. The evidence at hand underpins the importance of P2X7R signalling in chronic stress and depression. However, improvements in study planning and reporting are necessary to minimize experimental bias and increase data purview. To achieve this, we propose adherence to the Research Domain Criteria and the STRANGE framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iven-Alex von Muecke-Heim
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Molecular Neurogenetics, Munich, Germany.
- International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry (IMPRS-TP), Munich, Germany.
| | - Clemens Ries
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Molecular Neurogenetics, Munich, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry (IMPRS-TP), Munich, Germany
- Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Lidia Urbina
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Molecular Neurogenetics, Munich, Germany
- Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Jan M Deussing
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Molecular Neurogenetics, Munich, Germany.
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18
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Bernabe-Valero G, Blasco-Magraner JS, Aguilar-Moya R, Moret-Tatay C. The Moderation Effects of Comparative Thinking Between Gratitude and Negative Affect During the COVID-19 Outbreak. Front Psychol 2021; 12:644323. [PMID: 34497551 PMCID: PMC8419257 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.644323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this research was to examine the moderation effects of comparative thinking (CT) across the relationship between gratitude and affect during the COVID-19 outbreak. To this purpose, multiple regression as well as moderation analyses were carried out. Age and sex were also addressed as variables of interest as described in previous literature. A sample of 306 north Americans was recruited by crowdsourcing platform ProA to obtain a representative sample based on age and gender. The participants filled in a questionnaire based on comparative thinking in relation to the emotional experience experienced before and during the COVID-19 outbreak, positive and negative affect schedule for positive and negative affect, as well as Gratitude Questionnaire - Six Items Form scores for gratitude. The main results of the current study related to the COVID-19 outbreak can be listed as follows: (i) no differences between CT groups in the gratitude trait, but differences in positive and negative affect did occur; (ii) regression models that included age, gratitude, and affect variables predicted negative and positive affects but gender did not reach the statistical level; (iii) two moderation models predicted affect from gratitude, with the CT variable moderating this effect; this moderation effect was also statistically significant in predicting negative affect but it was not statistically significant in predicting positive affect. These results might be of interest for training programs in applied levels and theoretical models of gratitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Bernabe-Valero
- MEB Lab (Mind, Emotion, and Behavior Research Laboratory), Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Remedios Aguilar-Moya
- Facultad de Magisterio y Ciencias de la Educación, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carmen Moret-Tatay
- MEB Lab (Mind, Emotion, and Behavior Research Laboratory), Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze Salute Mentale e Organi di Senso (NESMOS), Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
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19
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Abstract
Major depression is a complex psychiatric disorder characterized by affective, cognitive, and physiological impairments that lead to maladaptive behavior. The high lifetime prevalence of this disabling condition, coupled with limitations of existing medications, make necessary the development of improved therapeutics. This requires animal models that allow investigation of key biological correlates of the disorder. Described in this article is the unpredictable chronic mild stress mouse model that can be used to screen for antidepressant drug candidates. Originally designed for rats, this model has been adapted for mice to capitalize on the advantages of this species as an experimental model, including inter-strain variability, which permits an exploration of the contribution of genetic background; the ability to create transgenic animals; and lower cost. Thus, because it combines genetic features and socio-environmental chronic stressful events, the unpredictable chronic mild stress model in mice is a relevant and valuable paradigm to gain insight into the etiological and developmental components of major depression, as well as to identify novel treatments for this condition. © 2021 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress (UCMS) Test in Mice Basic Protocol 2: Assessment Of Self-Directed Activity And Anhedonia in Mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Nollet
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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20
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The effect of negative life events on college students’ depression: the mediating role of internet addiction and the moderating role of 5-HTT1A gene rs6449693 polymorphism. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01888-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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21
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Nielsen J, Cunningham SA, Ali MK, Patel SA. Spouse's Diabetes Status and Incidence of Depression and Anxiety: An 18-Year Prospective Study. Diabetes Care 2021; 44:1264-1272. [PMID: 33863752 PMCID: PMC8247506 DOI: 10.2337/dc20-2652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the risk of depression and anxiety in people whose spouse did or did not have diabetes. We also examined associations between depression and anxiety and severity of spouse's diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We analyzed prospective self-reported data about diagnosed depression/anxiety and diabetes in cohabiting couples in the national Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) during 1999-2017 (n = 13,500, 128,833 person-years of follow-up, median follow-up 8.1 years). We used Poisson models to estimate incidence and incidence rate ratios (IRRs) of depression/anxiety, according to spouse's diabetes status overall and by severity of diabetes. RESULTS Age-, sex-, and race-adjusted incidence of depression/anxiety was 8.0/1,000 person-years (95% CI 6.5, 9.6) among those whose spouse had diabetes and 6.5/1,000 person-years (95% CI 6.0, 6.9) among those whose spouse did not have diabetes. Those whose spouse had diabetes had higher risk of depression/anxiety (IRR 1.24 [95% CI 1.01, 1.53]). Those whose spouse had diabetes-related limitations in daily activities (IRR 1.89 [95% CI 1.35, 2.67]) and diabetes combined with other chronic conditions (IRR 2.34 [95% CI 1.78, 3.09]) were more likely to develop depression/anxiety, while those whose spouse had diabetes with no limitations or additional chronic conditions had incidence of depression/anxiety similar to that of subjects whose spouses did not have diabetes. CONCLUSIONS People living with a spouse with diabetes are at higher risk of developing depression/anxiety than people whose spouse does not have diabetes; this risk is driven by the severity of the spouse's diabetes. Strategies to address the impacts of diabetes on families need to be devised and tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannie Nielsen
- Emory Global Diabetes Research Center, Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Global Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Solveig A Cunningham
- Emory Global Diabetes Research Center, Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Global Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Mohammed K Ali
- Emory Global Diabetes Research Center, Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Global Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA.,Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Shivani A Patel
- Emory Global Diabetes Research Center, Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Global Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
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22
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Race, Family Conflict and Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors among 9-10-Year-Old American Children. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18105399. [PMID: 34070158 PMCID: PMC8158501 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18105399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Family conflict is known to operate as a major risk factor for children’s suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs). However, it is unknown whether this effect is similar or different in Black and White children. Objectives: We compared Black and White children for the association between family conflict and STBs in a national sample of 9–10-year-old American children. Methods: This cross-sectional study used data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. This study included 9918 White or Black children between the ages of 9 and 10 living in married households. The predictor variable was family conflict. Race was the moderator. The outcome variable was STBs, treated as a count variable, reflecting positive STB items that were endorsed. Covariates included ethnicity, sex, age, immigration status, family structure, parental education, and parental employment, and household income. Poisson regression was used for data analysis. Results: Of all participants, 7751 were Whites, and 2167 were Blacks. In the pooled sample and in the absence of interaction terms, high family conflict was associated with higher STBs. A statistically significant association was found between Black race and family conflict, suggesting that the association between family conflict and STBs is stronger in Black than White children. Conclusion: The association between family conflict and STBs is stronger in Black than White children. Black children with family conflict may be at a higher risk of STBs than White children with the same family conflict level. These findings align with the literature on the more significant salience of social relations as determinants of mental health of Black than White people. Reducing family conflict should be regarded a significant element of suicide prevention for Black children in the US.
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23
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Sørensen JB, Lasgaard M, Willert MV, Larsen FB. The relative importance of work-related and non-work-related stressors and perceived social support on global perceived stress in a cross-sectional population-based sample. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:543. [PMID: 33740936 PMCID: PMC7980655 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10594-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High levels of perceived stress have a negative bearing on health and well-being, and stress is a major public health issue. According to the Stress Process Model, stressors are socially patterned and combine to produce strain. Despite this, most studies on stress have focused on work-related stressors leaving non-work determinants under-investigated. The aim of the present study was to determine the relative importance of work-related and non-work-related stressors and perceived social support for the overall perceived stress level. Methods Self-reported data were drawn from the 2017 population-based health survey “How are you?” conducted in the Central Denmark Region (N = 32,417). Data were linked with data drawn from national administrative registers. Work- and non-work-related stressors assessed included major life events, chronic stressors and daily hassles. Perceived social support was assessed using a single question. Overall perceived stress was assessed by the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale. We conducted dominance analyses based on a multiple linear regression model to determine the most important explanatory variables of overall perceived stress. Analyses were weighted and adjusted. Results Work- and non-work-related stressors along with perceived social support explained 42.5% of the total variance (R2) in overall perceived stress. The most important explanatory variables were disease, perceived social support and work situation. The stratified analyses produced slightly varying results (“dominance profiles”) of perceived stress between subgroups. Work situation was the most important explanatory variable in the employed group. However, adding non-work-related explanatory variables to the analysis tripled the explained variance. Conclusions The overall level of perceived stress can be statistically explained by a combination of work- and non-work-related stressors and perceived social support both at population level and in subgroups. The most important explanatory variables of overall perceived stress are disease, perceived social support and work situation. Results indicate that public health strategies aiming to reduce stress should take a comprehensive approach and address a variety of stressor domains rather than focus on a single domain. Trial registration The study was approved by the Danish Data Protection Agency (r. no. 2012-58-0006) and registered in the Central Denmark Region (r. no. 1-16-02-593-16). Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-10594-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jes Bak Sørensen
- DEFACTUM, Central Denmark Region, Olof Palmes Alle 15, DK-8200, Aarhus N, Denmark.
| | - Mathias Lasgaard
- DEFACTUM, Central Denmark Region, Olof Palmes Alle 15, DK-8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Morten Vejs Willert
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Jean-Baptiste CO, Patti Herring R, Lawrence Beeson W, Banta JE, Dos Santos H. Assessing the validity, reliability and efficacy of the Cross-Cultural Stress Scale (CCSS) for psychosomatic studies. J Affect Disord 2021; 282:1110-1119. [PMID: 33601685 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.12.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The impact of stressful life events (SLEs) on health has been empirically studied with significant correlations documented. We developed a comprehensive stress rating toolkit, the Cross-Cultural Stress Scale (CCSS) from a triangulated qualitative research study. This article describes our pilot test of the scale to explore demographic-specific patterns of SLE scores and evaluate the scale's aptitude in assessing the stress-health correlation. METHODS The face and content-validated CCSS was shared via a web-based survey to diverse individuals grouped by: (a) gender, (b) age, (c) race and ethnicity, (d) native, foreign-born or first-generation, (e) educational attainment, and (f) income. Participants from the Amazon crowdsourcing marketplace MTurk (N = 216) first indicated perceived stress intensities assuming experiences of all the SLEs in the CCSS. They then selected SLEs they had personally experienced in the last 12 months (N = 176). Multivariable analyses were conducted on perceived intensities. Correlations of experienced SLEs with self-reported health based on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Health Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) indicators measured by the Behavioral Risk Factors Surveillance System (BRFSS) were analyzed. RESULTS We validated the CCSS and obtained a high internal reliability (Cronbach's alpha >0.9). We found significant differences in stress rating by and within demographics. We also correlated stress to perceived health using the HRQOL and presence of a chronic disease ascertaining the stress-health hypothesis. LIMITATION Sampling limitations observed include data drawn from a convenience sample. CONCLUSION Despite sampling limitations, our research highlights demographic-specific stressors and offers an updated methodology in the stress-health correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Ogolla Jean-Baptiste
- Loma Linda University School of Public Health. Descendants of Africa Pioneering Innovations, MAVERIC, USA.
| | - R Patti Herring
- Health Promotion & Education. Loma Linda University School of Public Health, USA
| | - W Lawrence Beeson
- Clinical Professor of Epidemiology and Biostatistics. Loma Linda University School of Public Health, USA
| | - Jim E Banta
- Health Policy and Leadership. Loma Linda University School of Public Health, USA
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Jean-Baptiste CO, Herring RP, Beeson WL, Banta JE, Dos Santos H. Development of the cross-cultural stress scale. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.23736/s0391-1772.20.02071-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Assari S. Parental Education and Spanking of American Children: Blacks' Diminished Returns. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 7:19-44. [PMID: 32734000 DOI: 10.22158/wjer.v7n3p19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Based on the Minorities' Diminished Returns (MDRs) framework, high socioeconomic status (SES) indicators such as parental education shows weaker protective effects against adverse experiences for Blacks than Whites. For example, Black children with highly educated parents report high levels of depression, anxiety, suicide, smoking, obesity, and chronic disease. Limited knowledge exists on MDRs of parental education on the child's exposure to spanking by the mother. Aims Built on the MDRs framework, we tested the hypothesis of whether the effect of parental education on the child's exposure to spanking by the mother differs in Black and White families. We hypothesized that: 1) there is an inverse association between mothers' educational attainment and child spanking, and 2) the effect of mothers' educational attainment on mothers' spanking of the child is weaker for Black than White families. Methods We used data from the Fragile Families and Child Well-being Study (FFCWS), a 9-year follow up study of a random sample of births in cities larger than 200,000 population. In this analysis, 2722 Black or White families were followed. The main predictor was parental educational attainment at birth. The outcomes were exposure to spanking at ages 3, 5, and 9. Logistic regression was used for data analysis. Results Higher parental educational attainment at birth was inversely associated with the child's exposure to spanking by the mother among Whites, not Blacks. We also found a significant interaction between parental educational attainment at birth and race, suggesting that the associations between parental education and child exposure to spanking by the mother at ages 3, 5, and 9 were weaker for Black than White families. Conclusions Diminished returns of parental educational attainment in terms of reducing children's exposure to trauma and stress may be a mechanism that contributes to racial health disparities, particularly poor health of children in highly educated Black families. That is a smaller protective effect of parental education on reducing undesired exposures for Black than White children may be one of the mechanisms that may explain why children develop worse than expected physical, mental, and behavioral health in high SES Black families. Not all health disparities are due to racial differences in SES, but some of them are also secondary to the diminishing returns of socioeconomic status indicators such as parental education for racial minorities. Research should study contextual, structural, family, and behavioral factors that reduce Black families' ability to mobilize their human capital and secure health outcomes for themselves and their children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shervin Assari
- Department of Family Medicine, Charles R. Drew University, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
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Andrade C. COVID-19 and lockdown: Delayed effects on health. Indian J Psychiatry 2020; 62:247-249. [PMID: 32773866 PMCID: PMC7368434 DOI: 10.4103/psychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_379_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chittaranjan Andrade
- Department of Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neurotoxicology, Psychopharmacology Unit, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Cobb S, Bazargan M, Sandoval JC, Wisseh C, Evans MC, Assari S. Depression Treatment Status of Economically Disadvantaged African American Older Adults. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10030154. [PMID: 32156089 PMCID: PMC7139636 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10030154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: It is known that depression remains largely untreated in underserved communities. Hence, it is desirable to gain more knowledge on the prevalence and correlates of untreated depression among African-American (AA) older adults in economically disadvantaged areas. This knowledge may have the public health benefit of improving detection of AA older adults with depression who are at high risk of not receiving treatment, thereby reducing this health disparity. Objective: To study health and social correlates of untreated depression among AA older adults in economically disadvantaged areas. Methods: Between 2015 and 2018, this cross-sectional survey was conducted in South Los Angeles. Overall, 740 AA older adults who were 55+ years old entered this study. Independent variables were age, gender, living arrangement, insurance type, educational attainment, financial strain, chronic medical conditions, and pain intensity. Untreated depression was the dependent variable. Logistic and polynomial regression models were used to analyze these data. Results: According to the polynomial regression model, factors such as number of chronic medical conditions and pain intensity were higher in individuals with depression, regardless of treatment status. As our binary logistic regression showed, age, education, and number of providers were predictive of receiving treatment for depression. Conclusion: Age, educational attainment, number of providers (as a proxy of access to and use of care) may be useful to detect AA older adults with depression who are at high risk of not receiving treatment. Future research may focus on decomposition of the role of individual-level characteristics and health system-level characteristics that operate as barriers and facilitators to AA older adults receiving treatment for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Cobb
- School of Nursing, Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA;
| | - Mohsen Bazargan
- Department of Family Medicine, Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA; (M.B.); (C.W.)
- Department of Family Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
| | - Jessica Castro Sandoval
- School of Public Health, Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA;
| | - Cheryl Wisseh
- Department of Family Medicine, Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA; (M.B.); (C.W.)
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, West Coast University School of Pharmacy, Los Angeles, CA 91606, USA
| | - Meghan C. Evans
- Department of Family Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
| | - Shervin Assari
- Department of Family Medicine, Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA; (M.B.); (C.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-734-363-2678
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Tibubos AN, Burghardt J, Klein EM, Brähler E, Jünger C, Michal M, Wiltink J, Wild PS, Münzel T, Singer S, Pfeiffer N, Beutel ME. Frequency of stressful life events and associations with mental health and general subjective health in the general population. J Public Health (Oxf) 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-020-01204-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Aim
We aim to determine the frequency of stressful life events (SLEs) and investigate the association of single and aggregated SLEs with mental health and general subjective health, which has not been reported for an aging representative sample to date.
Subjects and methods
A total of 12,947 participants (35–74 years old) of the Gutenberg Health Study (GHS) in Germany were analyzed. SLEs were analyzed at the item and aggregated level with unweighted and weighted sum scores. Additionally, the survey included measures of mental health, general subjective health and demographics. Descriptive analyses were stratified by sex, age and socioeconomic status.
Results
Multivariate analyses of variance with SLE at the item level revealed large main effects for sex (ηp2 = 0.30) and age (ηp2 = 0.30); a moderate effect was found for socioeconomic status (ηp2 = 0.08). Interaction effects of sex with age and SES were also significant, but with negligible effect sizes. Regression analyses revealed similar results for unweighted and weighted SLE sum scores controlling for sociodemographic variables, supporting the detrimental relations among cumulated SLEs, depression (β = 0.18/0.19) and anxiety (β =0.17/0.17), but not general health. Mental health indicators showed the highest correlations with single SLEs such as change of sleep habits or personal finances. Severe SLEs according to proposed weight scores showed no or only weak associations with mental health.
Conclusion
Representative data support a more distinct impact of SLEs on mental health than on general health. Single SLEs show strong associations with mental health outcome (e.g., change of sleep habits). The low associations between severe single SLEs and mental health merit further attention.
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Al Nasr RS, Altharwi K, Derbah MS, Gharibo SO, Fallatah SA, Alotaibi SG, Almutairi KA, Asdaq SMB. Prevalence and predictors of postpartum depression in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A cross sectional study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228666. [PMID: 32040495 PMCID: PMC7010279 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Postpartum depression (PPD) is inversely correlated with women's functioning, marital and personal relationships, mother-infant interaction quality, and children's social, behavioural, and cognitive development. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of postpartum depression (PPD) in Riyadh and correlate them with possible predictors by a cross-sectional approach. METHODS In this study, 174 mothers receiving treatments in different hospitals of Riyadh completed self-administered measures of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) along with a list of probable predictors. The data was analyzed by logistic regression analysis using SPSS-IBM 25. RESULTS Of 174 participants of the study, 38.50% (n = 67) reported postpartum depression. Around (115) of the participants were in an age group of 25-45 years with most of them highly educated (101) but unemployed (136). Significant association was noted between occurrence of PPD with unsupportive spouse (P value = 0.023) and recent stressful life events (P value = 0.003). The significant predictors for PPD were unsupportive spouse (OR = 4.53, P = 0.049), recent stressful life events (OR = 2.677, P = 0.005), and Caesarean section as a mode of delivery (OR = 1.958, P = 0.049). CONCLUSION The prevalence of PPD among the study participants was high, especially those with recent stressful life event and unsupportive spouse. To promote health and wellbeing of mothers, it was recommended to screen all high-risk mothers for PPD, when they visit hospitals for postnatal follow ups. Prevention of PPD is not only essential for wellbeing of mothers but it is important to provide good conducive atmosphere for the new born.
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Sahle BW, Chen W, Melaku YA, Akombi BJ, Rawal LB, Renzaho AMN. Association of Psychosocial Factors With Risk of Chronic Diseases: A Nationwide Longitudinal Study. Am J Prev Med 2020; 58:e39-e50. [PMID: 31959325 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2019.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study examines the prospective association between a range of psychosocial factors and common noncommunicable diseases. METHODS In October 2018, nationally representative data were analyzed from 11,637 adults followed annually between 2003 and 2013. Participants reported on psychosocial factors they experienced in the 12 months preceding each wave. The onset of noncommunicable diseases was defined based on self-reported physician's diagnosis. Generalized estimating equations estimated the ORs and 95% CIs of psychosocial factors on noncommunicable diseases, controlling for other confounders. RESULTS Social support index was inversely associated with the onset of anxiety or depression in men (OR=0.95, 95% CI=0.93, 0.98) and women (OR=0.96, 95% CI=0.95, 0.98) and with emphysema in women (OR=0.96, 95% CI=0.93, 0.99). Psychological distress was positively associated with the onset of heart diseases (OR=2.38, 95% CI=1.16, 4.89 for men; OR=2.30, 95% CI=1.10, 4.78 for women), emphysema (OR=1.11, 95% CI=1.03, 1.20 for men; OR=1.08, 95% CI=1.04, 1.12 for women), and circulatory diseases (OR=1.04, 95% CI=1.02, 1.08 for women). Financial stress increased the onset of anxiety or depression (OR=1.36, 95% CI=1.26, 1.63 for men; OR=1.30, 95% CI=1.10, 1.52 for women) and type 2 diabetes in women (OR=1.60, 95% CI=1.18, 2.18). Significant associations of parenting stress and the likelihood of the onset of anxiety or depression were only evident in women. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that several adverse psychosocial risk factors are independently associated with the onset of noncommunicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berhe W Sahle
- School of Social Sciences and Psychology, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Wen Chen
- Faculty of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Center for Migrant Health Policy, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yohannes Adama Melaku
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Blessing J Akombi
- School of Social Sciences and Psychology, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lal B Rawal
- School of Social Sciences and Psychology, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, CQUniversity, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andre M N Renzaho
- School of Social Sciences and Psychology, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Remes O, Lafortune L, Wainwright N, Surtees P, Khaw KT, Brayne C. Association between area deprivation and major depressive disorder in British men and women: a cohort study. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e027530. [PMID: 31767575 PMCID: PMC6886936 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Studies have shown area-level deprivation can increase the risk for mental disorders over and above individual-level circumstances, such as education and social class. The objective of this study is to determine whether area deprivation is associated with major depressive disorder (MDD) in British women and men separately while adjusting for individual-level factors. DESIGN Large, population study. SETTING UK population-based cohort. PARTICIPANTS 30 445 people from the general population aged 40 years and older and living in England consented to participate at study baseline, and of these, over 20 000 participants completed a structured Health and Life Experiences Questionnaire used to capture MDD. Area deprivation was measured in 1991 using Census data, and current MDD was assessed in 1996-2000. 8236 men and 10 335 women had complete data on all covariates. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURE MDD identified according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV). RESULTS In this study, 3.3% (339/10 335) of women and 2.1% (177/8236) of men had MDD. Men living in the most deprived areas were 51% more likely to have depression than those living in areas that were not deprived (OR=1.51, 95% CI 1.01 to 2.24; p=0.043), but the association between deprivation and MDD was not statistically significant in women (OR=1.24, 95% CI 0.93 to 1.65; p=0.143). CONCLUSION This study shows that the residential environment differentially affects men and women, and this needs to be taken into account by mental health policy-makers. Knowing that men living in deprived conditions are at high risk for having depression helps inform targeted prevention and intervention programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Remes
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Louise Lafortune
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nick Wainwright
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul Surtees
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Carol Brayne
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Farrag NS, El-Gilany AH, Abdelsalam SA. Prevalence and predictors of psychological distress among primary healthcare service users in Mansoura district, Egypt. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2019; 27:1451-1457. [PMID: 31368623 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.12816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The current study is a health facility-based cross-sectional study that aims to measure the prevalence of psychological distress and to determine its associated factors among primary healthcare (PHC) service users in Mansoura district, Egypt. The study included service users aged ≥18 years. A predesigned structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from participants during the period from January 2018 to November 2018. The questionnaire included four sections; sociodemographic characteristics, recent history of stressful life events, history of relevant health conditions and a validated Arabic version of General Health Questionnaire, that was used to screen for psychological distress. The total calculated sample size was 573. Data was analysed using SPSS V. 16. Results indicated that the prevalence of psychological distress among PHC service users was 72.2% (95% CI: 68.6%-75.9%). Being a female, non-working, or married increased the risk of high psychological distress [OR (95%CI): 1.6 (1.2-2.4), 1.8(1.2-2.8) and 1.7 (1.1-2.8) respectively], but these factors were insignificant in multiple regression. Exposure to domestic violence (DV) and being current smokers were the only independent significant predictors of psychological distress [adjusted OR (95%CI): 3.8 (1.7-8.1) and 0.7 (0.4-0.9) respectively]. Findings indicate that psychological distress is common among PHC service users. Exposure to DV significantly predicts psychological distress, while smoking is associated with lower stress. Screening of PHC service users for mental health problems should be integrated within the PHC system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesrine S Farrag
- Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Hady El-Gilany
- Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Sherehan A Abdelsalam
- Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Assari S, Javanbakht A, Saqib M, Helmi H, Bazargan M, Smith JA. Neuroticism polygenic risk score predicts 20-year burden of depressive symptoms for Whites but not Blacks. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL RESEARCH AND INNOVATION 2019; 4:e000183. [PMID: 32133428 PMCID: PMC7055662 DOI: 10.32892/jmri.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Black-White differences are reported in social, psychological, behavioral, medical, and biological correlates of depression. This study was conducted to compare Black and White older adults for the association between neuroticism polygenic risk score (N-PRS) and chronicity of depressive symptoms over 20 years. METHODS Data came from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), 1990 - 2012, a nationally representative sample of Americans above age 50. Current analysis followed 9,249 individuals (7,924 Whites and 1,325 Blacks) for up to 22 years. Depressive symptoms were measured every two years between 1992 and 2012 using the 8-item Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D-8). The independent variable was N-PRS. The dependent variable was average depressive symptoms between 1992 and 2012. Linear regression was used for data analysis. RESULTS In the pooled sample, higher N-PRS was associated with higher average depressive symptoms over the 20-year follow up period [b=0.01, 95%CI=0.00 to 0.04], net of all covariates. We also found an interaction between race and N-PRS [b=-0.02, 95%CI=-0.03 to 0.00], suggesting a stronger effect of N-PRS on 20-year average depressive symptoms for Whites than Blacks. Based on our race-specific linear regression models, higher N-PRS was associated with higher depressive symptoms from 1992 to 2012 for Whites [b=0.01, 95%CI=0.01 to 0.02] but not Blacks [b=0.00, 95%CI=-0.02 to 0.02]. CONCLUSION Black and White older adults may differ in the salience of the existing N-PRS for depressive symptoms, which better reflects the burden of depression for Whites than Blacks. This may be because the existing PRSs are derived from mostly or exclusively White samples, limiting their applicability in other race groups. Racial variation in psychosocial, clinical, and biological correlates of depression needs further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shervin Assari
- Department of Family Medicine, Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Arash Javanbakht
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Mohammed Saqib
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hamid Helmi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- School of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mohsen Bazargan
- Department of Family Medicine, Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Family Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer A Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Munro CA, Wennberg AM, Bienko N, Eaton WW, Lyketsos CG, Spira AP. Stressful life events and cognitive decline: Sex differences in the Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area Follow-Up Study. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2019; 34:1008-1017. [PMID: 30901482 PMCID: PMC6579669 DOI: 10.1002/gps.5102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The reasons why women are at higher risk than men for developing dementia are unclear. Although studies implicate sex differences in the effect of stress on cognitive functioning, whether stressful life events are associated with subsequent cognitive decline has received scant research attention. METHODS In Wave 3 (1993-1996) of the Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area study, 337 men and 572 women (mean age = 47 years) reported recent (within the last year) and remote (from 1981 until 1 year ago) traumatic events (eg, combat) and stressful life events (eg, divorce/separation). At Waves 3 and 4 (2004-2005), they completed the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and a word-list memory test. Multivariable models were used to examine the association between traumatic and stressful life events at Wave 3 and cognitive change by Wave 4. RESULTS A greater number of recent stressful life events at Wave 3, but not of more remote stressful events, was associated with greater verbal memory decline by Wave 4 in women but not in men. Stressful events were not associated with change in MMSE, and there were no associations between traumatic events occurring at any time and subsequent memory or MMSE decline in either sex. CONCLUSIONS Unlike men, middle-aged women with a greater number of recent stressful life events demonstrate memory decline over a decade later. Sex differences in cognitive vulnerability to stressful life events may underlie women's increased risk of memory impairment in late life, suggesting that stress reduction interventions may help prevent cognitive decline in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia A. Munro
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | | | - Nicholas Bienko
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - William W. Eaton
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Constantine G. Lyketsos
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Adam P. Spira
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Johns Hopkins Center on Aging and Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Zhang YS, Rao WW, Cui LJ, Li JF, Li L, Ng CH, Ungvari GS, Li KQ, Xiang YT. Prevalence of major depressive disorder and its socio-demographic correlates in the general adult population in Hebei province, China. J Affect Disord 2019; 252:92-98. [PMID: 30981061 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common psychiatric disorder which is associated with significant disability and psychosocial factors. There are only few epidemiological studies of MDD in economically underdeveloped regions of China. This study examined the 1-month and lifetime prevalence of MDD and their sociodemographic correlates in Hebei province, China. METHODS Using multistage, stratified and random sampling, the study was conducted between April and August 2016. The diagnosis of MDD was established using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders-Patient Edition. RESULTS The weighted 1-month and lifetime prevalence of MDD were 0.9% (95%CI: 0.8-1.1%) and 1.6% (95%CI: 1.4-1.8%), respectively in the sample of 14,654 adult participants. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the age group of 45-59 years (P < 0.001, OR=3.206, 95%CI:1.693-6.072), female gender (P < 0.001, OR=2.171, 95%CI: 1.522-3.097), married marital status (P < 0.001, OR=0.328, 95%CI: 0.198-0.545), college educational level or higher (P = 0.006, OR=0.145, 95%CI: 0.037-0.573), employment (P = 0.010, OR=2.305, 95%CI: 1.220-4.353), major medical conditions (P < 0.001, OR=3.758, 95%CI: 2.607-5.418) and family history of psychiatric disorders (P < 0.001, OR=3.947, 95%CI: 2.203-7.071) were significantly associated with MDD. CONCLUSION The prevalence of MDD in Hebei province was found to be lower than in most areas of China and other countries. Further studies are warranted to confirm the low prevalence of MDD in other economically underdeveloped regions of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Shu Zhang
- Department of Sleep Medicine, Hebei Psychiatric Hospital, Hebei province, China
| | - Wen-Wang Rao
- Unit of Psychiatry, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Li-Jun Cui
- Department of Sleep Medicine, Hebei Psychiatric Hospital, Hebei province, China
| | - Jian-Feng Li
- Department of Sleep Medicine, Hebei Psychiatric Hospital, Hebei province, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Sleep Medicine, Hebei Psychiatric Hospital, Hebei province, China
| | - Chee H Ng
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gabor S Ungvari
- University of Notre Dame, Australia, Fremantle, Australia; Division of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Ke-Qing Li
- Department of Sleep Medicine, Hebei Psychiatric Hospital, Hebei province, China.
| | - Yu-Tao Xiang
- Unit of Psychiatry, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China.
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Social support moderates association between posttraumatic growth and trauma-related psychopathologies among victims of the Sewol Ferry Disaster. Psychiatry Res 2019; 272:507-514. [PMID: 30616117 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.12.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Disasters have numerous harmful effects on the mental health status of trauma-exposed people. We investigated the differences in the association between trauma-related psychopathologies and posttraumatic growth according to the perceived social support level among victims of the Sewol Ferry disaster on April 16, 2014, in South Korea. Data from 241 bereaved family members, survivors, and family members of survivors were used. The Duke-UNC Functional Social Support Questionnaire, Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, PTSD Checklist-5, Posttraumatic Embitterment Disorder Self-Rating Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 were used to evaluate perceived social support, posttraumatic growth, and trauma-related psychopathologies. We found that the severity of depression and anxiety showed inverse correlations with posttraumatic growth only in the low-social support group, while they did not demonstrate significant correlations in the high-social support group. The social support level had correlations with posttraumatic growth and the severity of posttraumatic stress disorder and posttraumatic embitterment disorder only in female respondents. Furthermore, there was a mediation pathway from social support level to posttraumatic growth through depressive symptoms. This study explored the complex relationship between social support, posttraumatic growth, trauma-related psychopathologies, and gender among trauma-exposed individuals in the aftermath of the Sewol Ferry disaster.
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Luo Y, Guo C, Zhang L, Pang L, Zhao X, Zheng X. County-level social factors and schizophrenia: A multilevel study of 1.9 million Chinese adults. Psychiatry Res 2019; 271:286-290. [PMID: 30513460 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.08.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
There is little evidence on the association between area-level social factors and schizophrenia in China. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between county-level social factors and schizophrenia in Chinese adults aged 18 years old and above. We obtained data from the Second China National Sample Survey on Disability, and selected 1,909,205 adults for analysis. Schizophrenia was ascertained according to the International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision. Multilevel logistic regressions showed that areas with higher urbanization rate was associated with increased risk of schizophrenia (areas with moderate urbanization rate: OR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.15, 1.44; areas with high urbanization rate: OR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.26, 1.75). Stratified analyses found that, in female adults, urbanization rates, divorce rates and socioeconomic conditions were positively associated with increased risks for schizophrenia. However, in male adults, low socioeconomic conditions was related to decreased risk of schizophrenia, and there was no significant association between rates of divorce and risks for schizophrenia. In conclusion, county-level social factors, in the form of urbanization rate, divorce rate, and socioeconomic conditions, were associated with the risk of schizophrenia in Chinese adults. Gender differences were found in these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Luo
- Institute of Population Research, Peking University, Beijing, China; APEC Health Science Academy, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Guo
- Institute of Population Research, Peking University, Beijing, China; APEC Health Science Academy, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Institute of Population Research, Peking University, Beijing, China; APEC Health Science Academy, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lihua Pang
- Institute of Population Research, Peking University, Beijing, China; APEC Health Science Academy, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Xiaoying Zheng
- Institute of Population Research, Peking University, Beijing, China; APEC Health Science Academy, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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Hannaford E, Moore F, Macleod FJ. What a difference a year makes: comparing relationships between stressful life events, mood and life satisfaction among older adults, and their working-age counterparts. Aging Ment Health 2018; 22:1658-1665. [PMID: 29019417 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2017.1387761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Stressful life events (SLEs) have been linked to depression, anxiety, and reduced life satisfaction. The inoculation hypothesis of aging suggests older adults may be less vulnerable to poor psychological outcomes following SLEs than working-age adults. The current study compared relationships between SLEs, mood and life satisfaction among older adults (65+), and adults aged 50-64, and investigated whether group identification and loneliness moderate these relationships. METHOD A community-based sample of 121 Scottish participants responded to measures of SLEs (modified Social Readjustment Rating Scale), symptoms of depression and anxiety (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), life satisfaction (Life Satisfaction Index A), group identification (Group Identification Scale), and loneliness (UCLA Loneliness Scale). RESULTS In the 50-64 age group, the number of SLEs was significantly associated with greater symptoms of depression and anxiety, and reduced life satisfaction. Group identification and loneliness did not moderate these relationships. There were no significant relationships in the older adult group. CONCLUSION The finding of relationships in working-age, but not older adults, supports the inoculation hypothesis of aging. Further research to better understand changes across the lifespan, and inter-relationships with related variables, would be valuable from both theoretical and clinical perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fhionna Moore
- a School of Social Sciences , University of Dundee , Dundee , Scotland
| | - Fiona J Macleod
- b Dundee Health and Social Care Partnership, Susan Carnegie Centre , Stracathro Hospital , Brechin , Scotland
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Pols AD, Adriaanse MC, van Tulder MW, Heymans MW, Bosmans JE, van Dijk SE, van Marwijk HWJ. Two-year effectiveness of a stepped-care depression prevention intervention and predictors of incident depression in primary care patients with diabetes type 2 and/or coronary heart disease and subthreshold depression: data from the Step-Dep cluster randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e020412. [PMID: 30373778 PMCID: PMC6224718 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Major depressive disorders (MDD), diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) and coronary heart disease (CHD) are leading contributors to the global burden of disease and often co-occur. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the 2-year effectiveness of a stepped-care intervention to prevent MDD compared with usual care and to develop a prediction model for incident depression in patients with DM2 and/or CHD with subthreshold depression. METHODS Data of 236 Dutch primary care patients with DM2/CHD with subthreshold depression (Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) score ≥6, no current MDD according to the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition criteria)) who participated in the Step-Dep trial were used. A PHQ-9 score of ≥10 at minimally one measurement during follow-up (at 3, 6, 9, 12 and 24 months) was used to determine the cumulative incidence of MDD. Potential demographic and psychological predictors were measured at baseline via web-based self-reported questionnaires and evaluated using a multivariable logistic regression model. Model performance was assessed with the Hosmer-Lemeshow test, Nagelkerke's R2 explained variance and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Bootstrapping techniques were used to internally validate our model. RESULTS 192 patients (81%) were available at 2-year follow-up. The cumulative incidence of MDD was 97/192 (51%). There was no statistically significant overall treatment effect over 24 months of the intervention (OR 1.37; 95% CI 0.52 to 3.55). Baseline levels of anxiety, depression, the presence of >3 chronic diseases and stressful life events predicted the incidence of MDD (AUC 0.80, IQR 0.79-0.80; Nagelkerke's R2 0.34, IQR 0.33-0.36). CONCLUSION A model with 4 factors predicted depression incidence during 2-year follow-up in patients with DM2/CHD accurately, based on the AUC. The Step-Dep intervention did not influence the incidence of MDD. Future depression prevention programmes should target patients with these 4 predictors present, and aim to reduce both anxiety and depressive symptoms. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NTR3715.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alide Danielle Pols
- Department of Health Sciences, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of General Practice & Elderly Care Medicine, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel C Adriaanse
- Department of Health Sciences, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maurits W van Tulder
- Department of Health Sciences, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn W Heymans
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Judith E Bosmans
- Department of Health Sciences, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Susan E van Dijk
- Department of Health Sciences, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Harm W J van Marwijk
- Department of General Practice & Elderly Care Medicine, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Primary Care and Public Health, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Mayfield House, University of Brighton, Brighton, United Kingdom
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Toussaint LL, Shields GS, Green E, Kennedy K, Travers S, Slavich GM. Hostility, forgiveness, and cognitive impairment over 10 years in a national sample of American adults. Health Psychol 2018; 37:1102-1106. [PMID: 30346198 DOI: 10.1037/hea0000686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined the extent to which self-forgiveness and forgiveness of others moderated the association of hostility with changes in cognitive impairment over 10 years in a nationally representative sample of adults in the United States. METHOD Participants were 1,084 respondents to the Americans' Changing Lives survey, a longitudinal study of American adults. Hostility, self-forgiveness, forgiveness of others, and cognitive impairment were measured at baseline, and cognitive impairment was assessed again at follow-up. Moderated multiple regression analyses tested whether self-forgiveness and forgiveness of others moderated the association of hostility with changes in cognitive impairment over time, controlling for baseline cognitive impairment and relevant sociodemographic and clinical factors. RESULTS As hypothesized, greater hostility levels at baseline predicted more cognitive impairment 10 years later, β = .08, p < .01. In addition, self-forgiveness at baseline moderated the association between baseline hostility and cognitive impairment at follow-up, β = -.07, p < .01. Decomposing this interaction revealed that hostility significantly predicted increased cognitive impairment at follow-up for individuals with low, β = .15, p < .001, and average, β = .08, p = .001, levels of self-forgiveness but not for persons with high levels of self-forgiveness, β = .03, p = .34. In contrast, forgiveness of others was not a significant moderator. CONCLUSIONS Greater hostility is associated with the development of more cognitive impairment over 10 years, and being more self-forgiving appears to mitigate these hostility-related effects on cognition. Enhancing self-forgiveness may thus represent one possible strategy for promoting cognitive resilience in adulthood. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - George M Slavich
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, University of California, Los Angeles
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Suzuki M, Furihata R, Konno C, Kaneita Y, Ohida T, Uchiyama M. Stressful events and coping strategies associated with symptoms of depression: A Japanese general population survey. J Affect Disord 2018; 238:482-488. [PMID: 29933216 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The following question remains open: what has the strongest impact on symptoms of depression, experiencing multiple stressful events, being exposed to a specific stressful event, or having a maladaptive coping style? METHOD We conducted a cross-sectional survey with face-to-face interviews. Data from 2559 randomly-sampled adults living in Japan were analyzed. The participants were asked about stressful events (12 items) experienced in the previous month and their stress-coping strategies (16 items). Presence of symptoms of depression was defined using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the associations of stressful events and stress-coping strategies with symptoms of depression. RESULTS The prevalence of symptoms of depression increased with the number of stressful events. Eight stressful events and five stress-coping strategies were positively associated with symptoms of depression. In the multiple logistic regression analysis for the items that showed a significant association with symptoms of depression, two stressful events ("Health/illness of self" and "Trouble with family members") and two stress-coping strategies ("Smoking" and "Bearing without action") remained significantly associated with symptoms of depression; however, the "dose effect" of the number of stressful events disappeared, suggesting that these stressful events and stress-coping strategies have a stronger association with symptoms of depression compared with experiencing multiple stressful events. LIMITATIONS Since this study was cross-sectional in design, causal relationships could not be determined. CONCLUSION Our findings may indicate the importance of focusing on types of stressful events and coping styles in developing preventive strategies for major depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Suzuki
- Department of Psychiatry, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-Kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan.
| | - Ryuji Furihata
- Department of Psychiatry, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-Kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Chisato Konno
- Department of Psychiatry, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-Kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Kaneita
- Division of Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Ohida
- Division of Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Uchiyama
- Department of Psychiatry, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-Kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
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Unpacking the link between socioeconomic status and behavior problems: A second-order meta-analysis. Dev Psychopathol 2018; 30:1889-1906. [PMID: 30259823 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579418001141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Substantial evidence links socioeconomic status to internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. However, it is unclear how these two categories of behavior problems relate to specific components of socioeconomic status (e.g., income, educational attainment, and occupational prestige) or overall social status. In this study, we conducted a second-order meta-analysis to estimate the average associations of income, education, occupation, and overall socioeconomic status with internalizing and externalizing behavior problems, and to examine if age, sex, and race/ethnicity moderated these associations. Our systematic search in PsycINFO, PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global identified 12 meta-analyses (17% unpublished), including approximately 474 primary studies and 327,617 participants. In relation to internalizing, we found small average associations with income, r+ = -.18, 95% confidence interval (CI) [-.31, -.04], and education, r+ = -.12, 95% CI [-.15, -.09]. In relation to externalizing, we found smaller associations with income, r+ = -.02, 95% CI [-.15, .10], education, r+ = -.03, 95% CI [-.16, .10], and overall socioeconomic status, r+ = -.05, 95% CI [-.11, .01], but these CIs included zero. Only sex composition of the samples moderated the latter association. We provide recommendations for best practices and future research directions.
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History of Non-Fatal Physical Assault Is Associated with Premature Mortality for Whites but Not Blacks. J 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/j1010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to trauma increases the long-term risk of mortality, and experiencing non-fatal physical assault is not an exception. To better understand population heterogeneity in this link, the current study explored Black–White differences in the association between history of non-fatal physical assault and risk of all-cause mortality over a 25-year period in the United States. Data came from the Americans’ Changing Lives (ACL) study that followed 3617 non-institutionalized respondents for up to 25 years. History of non-fatal physical assault at baseline was the predictor. Outcome was time to death due to all-cause mortality during follow-up from baseline (1986) to follow-up (2011). Confounders included gender, age, and baseline socio-economic status (education and income), health behaviors (smoking and drinking), and health status (chronic medical conditions, self-rated health, and body mass index). Race was the moderator. Cox regressions were used for multi-variable analysis. History of non-fatal physical assault at baseline was associated with an increased risk of mortality, above and beyond baseline socioeconomic status, health behaviors, and health status. Race interacted with history of non-fatal physical assault on mortality, suggesting a stronger effect for Whites compared to Blacks. In race-specific models, history of non-fatal physical assault was associated with risk of mortality for Whites but not Blacks. The current study showed that experiencing non-fatal physical assault increases the risk of premature death above and beyond demographics, socioeconomic status, health behaviors, and health status. Experiencing non-fatal physical assault may have a larger effect on premature mortality among Whites than Blacks. Future research is needed on how Blacks and Whites differ in the health consequences of social adversities.
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Allostatic Load Biomarker Associations with Depressive Symptoms Vary among US Black and White Women and Men. Healthcare (Basel) 2018; 6:healthcare6030105. [PMID: 30154326 PMCID: PMC6163528 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare6030105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence and severity of depression differ in women and men and across racial groups. Psychosocial factors such as chronic stress have been proposed as contributors, but causes of this variation are not fully understood. Allostatic load, a measure of the physiological burden of chronic stress, is known to be associated with depression. Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005–2010, we examined the associations of nine allostatic load biomarkers with depression among US black and white adults aged 18–64 years (n = 6431). Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionaire-9; logistic models estimated adjusted odds of depression based on allostatic load biomarkers. High-risk levels of c-reactive protein were significantly associated with increased odds of depression among white women (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.7, 95% CI: 1.1–2.5) and men (aOR = 1.8, 95% CI: 1.1–2.8) but not black women (aOR = 0.8, 95% CI: 0.6–1.1) or men (aOR = 0.9, 95% CI: 0.5–1.5). Among black men, hypertension (aOR = 1.7, 95% CI: 1.1–2.7) and adverse serum albumin levels (aOR = 1.7, 95% CI: 1.0–2.9) predicted depression, while high total cholesterol was associated with depression among black women (aOR = 1.6, 95% CI: 1.0–2.7). The associations between allostatic load biomarkers and depression varies with gendered race, suggesting that, despite consistent symptomatology, underlying disease mechanisms may differ between these groups.
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Depressed as Freshmen, Stressed as Seniors: The Relationship between Depression, Perceived Stress and Academic Results among Medical Students. Behav Sci (Basel) 2018; 8:bs8080070. [PMID: 30081444 PMCID: PMC6115777 DOI: 10.3390/bs8080070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Research in the field has identified the presence of stress and depression among medical students. However, no other study has pointed out the differences between years of study. The objectives of the study are to identify the levels of stress and depression among medical students and to point out the relationship between these two variables. Methods: The cross-sectional study gathered data regarding socio-demographic characteristics, depression, self-identified psychological and physical symptoms during stressful periods and perceived stress among medical students in a university in Romania. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics v23. For comparative analysis the t-test for independent samples and one-way ANOVA was used and for correlational analysis, Pearson and Spearman correlations was used. Results: Freshmen are the most depressed and graduating students are the most stressed medical students. Statistical analysis reveals an average score of perceived stress (M = 17.31 ± 6.79) and mild-moderate depression (M = 10.11 ± 7.69). Women are more prone to symptoms of depression. Students enrolled in the third year of study are the least depressed and the least stressed. Perceived stress is significantly positive correlated with depression and negative in strong correlation with the number of course credits received. More than half of students experience an increased rate of anxiety and consumption of alcohol, coffee, sweets or cigarettes during stressful academic periods. Over 60% declare themselves satisfied with their academic results. Conclusions: Strategies to diminish the level of stress and depression among medical students are necessary. Psychological support and educational counseling should start from admission, since freshmen experience the highest rate of depression.
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Assari S, Caldwell CH. High Risk of Depression in High-Income African American Boys. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2018; 5:808-819. [PMID: 28842841 PMCID: PMC6556394 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-017-0426-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the well-established literature on the protective effect of socioeconomic status (SES) on physical and mental health, there are a few reports on poor mental health of blacks with high SES. Using a national sample, this study investigated the association between household income and risk of major depressive disorder (MDD) in black youth based on ethnicity, gender, and their intersection. METHODS One thousand one hundred seventeen black adolescents (810 African Americans and 360 Caribbean blacks) were included in the current study. Household income was the main predictor. MDD (lifetime, 12-month, and 30-day) was the main outcome. Age was the covariate. Ethnicity and gender were the focal moderators. Logistic regressions were used for data analysis. RESULTS In the pooled sample, household income was not associated with risk of MDD (lifetime, 12-month, or 30-day). We found significant interactions between income and gender on lifetime and 12-month MDD, suggesting a stronger protective effect of income on MDD for females than males. We also found significant interaction between income and ethnicity on 30-day MDD, suggesting stronger protective effect of income against MDD for Caribbean blacks than African Americans. In African American males, high household income was associated with higher risk of lifetime, 12-month, and 30-day MDD. For Caribbean black males and females, high household income was associated with lower odds of 30-day MDD. CONCLUSION Findings suggest that ethnicity and gender influence how socioeconomic resources such as income are associated with MDD risk among black youth. Higher household income may be associated with higher risk of MDD for African American males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shervin Assari
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, 4250 Plymouth Road, SPC 5763, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2700, USA.
- Center for Research on Ethnicity, Culture and Health, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Cleopatra H Caldwell
- Center for Research on Ethnicity, Culture and Health, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education (HBHE), School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Martínez L, Prada S, Estrada D. Homicides, Public Goods, and Population Health in the Context of High Urban Violence Rates in Cali, Colombia. J Urban Health 2018; 95:391-400. [PMID: 29204844 PMCID: PMC5993696 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-017-0215-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and frequent mental and physical distress are often associated with major health problems. The characteristics of the urban environment, such as homicide rates and public goods provision, play an important role in influencing participation in physical activity and in overall mental health. This study aimed to determine whether there was a relationship between homicide rates and public goods provision on the health outcomes of the citizens of Cali, Colombia, a city known for its high urban violence rate and low municipal investment in public goods. We used a linear probability model to relate homicide rates and public goods provision (lighted parks, effective public space per inhabitant, and bus stations) at the district level to health outcomes (obesity and frequent mental and physical distress). Individual data were obtained from the 2014 CaliBRANDO survey, and urban context characteristics were obtained from official government statistics. After controlling for individual covariates, results showed that homicide rates were a risk factor in all examined outcomes. An increase in 1.0 m2 of public space per inhabitant reduced the probability of an individual being obese or overweight by 0.2% (95% confidence interval (CI) = - 0.004 to - 0.001) and the probability of frequent physical distress by 0.1% (95% CI = - 0.002 to - 0.001). On average, the presence of one additional bus station increased the probability of being obese or overweight by 1.1%, the probability of frequent mental distress by 0.3% (95% CI = 0.001-0.004), and the probability of frequent physical distress by 0.02% (95% CI = 0.000-0.003). Living in districts with adequate public space and lighted parks lowers the probability of being obese and high homicide rates, which are correlated with poor health outcomes in Cali, Colombia. Investments in public goods provision and urban safety to reduce obesity rates may contribute to a better quality of life for the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Martínez
- School of Business and Economic Studies, Universidad Icesi & POLIS, Cali, Colombia
| | - Sergio Prada
- School of Business and Economic Studies, Universidad Icesi & PROESA, Cali, Colombia
| | - Daniela Estrada
- School of Business and Economic Studies, Universidad Icesi & CIENFI, Cali, Colombia
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Weinberger AH, Gbedemah M, Martinez AM, Nash D, Galea S, Goodwin RD. Trends in depression prevalence in the USA from 2005 to 2015: widening disparities in vulnerable groups. Psychol Med 2018; 48:1308-1315. [PMID: 29021005 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291717002781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 327] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depression is associated with significant disability, morbidity, and mortality. The current study estimated trends in the prevalence of major depression in the US population from 2005 to 2015 overall and by demographic subgroups. METHODS Data were drawn from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), an annual cross-sectional study of US persons ages 12 and over (total analytic sample N = 607 520). Past-year depression prevalence was examined annually among respondents from 2005 to 2015. Time trends in depression prevalence stratified by survey year were tested using logistic regression. Data were re-analyzed stratified by age, gender, race/ethnicity, income, and education. RESULTS Depression prevalence increased significantly in the USA from 2005 to 2015, before and after controlling for demographics. Increases in depression were significant for the youngest and oldest age groups, men, and women, Non-Hispanic White persons, the lowest income group, and the highest education and income groups. A significant year × demographic interaction was found for age. The rate of increase in depression was significantly more rapid among youth relative to all older age groups. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of depression increased significantly in the USA from 2005 to 2015. The rate of increase in depression among youth was significantly more rapid relative to older groups. Further research into understanding the macro level, micro level, and individual factors that are contributing to the increase in depression, including factors specific to demographic subgroups, would help to direct public health prevention and intervention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Weinberger
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University,Bronx, NY,USA
| | - M Gbedemah
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics,CUNY School of Public Health,New York, NY,USA
| | - A M Martinez
- Department of Epidemiology,Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University,New York, NY,USA
| | - D Nash
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics,CUNY School of Public Health,New York, NY,USA
| | - S Galea
- Department of Epidemiology,Boston University School of Public Health,Boston, MA, NY,USA
| | - R D Goodwin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics,CUNY School of Public Health,New York, NY,USA
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50
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Guintivano J, Sullivan PF, Stuebe AM, Penders T, Thorp J, Rubinow DR, Meltzer-Brody S. Adverse life events, psychiatric history, and biological predictors of postpartum depression in an ethnically diverse sample of postpartum women. Psychol Med 2018; 48:1190-1200. [PMID: 28950923 PMCID: PMC6792292 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291717002641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Race, psychiatric history, and adverse life events have all been independently associated with postpartum depression (PPD). However, the role these play together in Black and Latina women remains inadequately studied. Therefore, we performed a case-control study of PPD, including comprehensive assessments of symptoms and biomarkers, while examining the effects of genetic ancestry. METHODS We recruited our sample (549 cases, 968 controls) at 6 weeks postpartum from obstetrical clinics in North Carolina. PPD status was determined using the MINI-plus. Psychiatric history was extracted from medical records. Participants were administered self-report instruments to assess depression (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale) and adverse life events. Levels of estradiol, progesterone, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, oxytocin, and allopregnanalone were assayed. Principal components from genotype data were used to estimate genetic ancestry and logistic regression was used to identify predictors of PPD. RESULTS This population was racially diverse (68% Black, 13% Latina, 18% European). Genetic ancestry was not a predictor of PPD. Case status was predicted by a history of major depression (p = 4.01E-14), lifetime anxiety disorder diagnosis (p = 1.25E-34), and adverse life events (p = 6.06E-06). There were no significant differences between groups in any hormones or neurosteroids. CONCLUSIONS Psychiatric history and multiple exposures to adverse life events were significant predictors of PPD in a population of minority and low-income women. Genetic ancestry and hormone levels were not predictive of case status. Increased genetic vulnerability in conjunction with risk factors may predict the onset of PPD, whereas genetic ancestry does not appear predictive.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Guintivano
- Department of Psychiatry,University of North Carolina,Chapel Hill, NC,USA
| | - P F Sullivan
- Department of Psychiatry,University of North Carolina,Chapel Hill, NC,USA
| | - A M Stuebe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,University of North Carolina,NC,USA
| | - T Penders
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine,East Carolina University,NC,USA
| | - J Thorp
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,University of North Carolina,NC,USA
| | - D R Rubinow
- Department of Psychiatry,University of North Carolina,Chapel Hill, NC,USA
| | - S Meltzer-Brody
- Department of Psychiatry,University of North Carolina,Chapel Hill, NC,USA
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